diff --git "a/train.json" "b/train.json"
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 [
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DSP Fund Managers IFSC, a subsidiary of DSP Asset Managers (DSP AMC), has started operation in GIFT City, Gandhinagar.The asset manager firm plans to offer a wide range of investment products through the subsidiary, including late stage investing, private equities, and long \u2013 short hedge funds including long-only high conviction strategies, it said in a press release.\"It will be positioned as DSP AMC\u2019s offshore hub and will provide both Indian investment solutions for global investors and global solutions for offshore and Indian investors,\" the AMC said.Union Asset Management Company on Monday announced the launch of Children\u2019s Fund, a scheme which will invest in a mix of securities comprising equity, equity-related securities and debt instruments. The investments will be locked-in for five years or till the child attains the age of majority, whichever is earlier.The new fund offering (NFO) will close for subscription on December 12, 2023 and will reopen for sale and repurchase within 5 business days from allotment.",
-        "output": "DSP Fund Managers IFSC, a subsidiary of DSP AMC, has begun operations in GIFT City, offering investment products like late-stage investing, private equities, and hedge funds. Union Asset Management Company has launched Children's Fund, a scheme investing in equity, equity-related securities, and debt instruments, with a lock-in period of five years or until the child reaches majority.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
+        "output": "A scientist for president.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WORLDWIDE \u2013 The global initial public offering (IPO) market is poised for a resurgence in 2024, as companies across various regions gear up for significant listings. In Asia,   Alibaba   (NYSE:BABA)'s logistics arm, Cainiao, is considering a Hong Kong IPO that could be valued at $1 billion. Concurrently, Tokyo Metro is on track for a $5 billion offering, having secured the green light from Japan's Transport Ministry. Indian electric scooter manufacturer Ola is also in the fray, seeking to raise $660 million in preparation for its IPO.In Europe, the potential for interest rate cuts is creating an optimistic environment for IPOs, with companies such as Germany's Douglas and Spain's Tendam contemplating market debuts. Additionally, pharmaceutical giant   Sanofi  (EPA:SASY)  (NASDAQ:SNY) is exploring the possibility of spinning off its consumer-health division, a move that could see the new entity valued at over $20 billion.The United States is not far behind, with Renaissance Capital forecasting between 120 and 170 IPOs this year. Social media platform Reddit is targeting a valuation near $15 billion, although its profitability remains under scrutiny.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The global IPO market is expected to rebound in 2024, with major listings planned in Asia, Europe, and the US, including Alibaba's logistics arm Cainiao, Tokyo Metro, and Reddit, driven by factors such as potential interest rate cuts and companies seeking capital for growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "It is important to involve young people in the conservation of urban heritage as they will be the next generation responsible for its preservation. The use of Augmented Reality (AR) based on Serious Game (SG) and GPS-guided applications has proven to be effective for heritage revitalisation. However, there are currently only a few applications that combine GPS AR and SG for urban heritage enhancement, and these are generally aimed at adult tourists rather than the young people of the alpha generation. This research describes a serious game based on the use of GPS-guided augmented reality in the Renaissance village of Caldana, Italy, to raise awareness of the importance of urban heritage and to stimulate its visit by the alpha generation. The application consists of a treasure hunt that children have to solve by meeting and listening in augmented reality to historical characters who built the Renaissance village at specific points of interest, following a route with increasing levels of difficulty. The application was tested using a questionnaire with a sample of 79 children. The results provide useful indications for the development of augmented reality applications to increase the awareness and attitudes of the alpha generation towards knowledge and conservation of urban heritage. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Augmented reality and serious game to engage the alpha generation in urban cultural heritage",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A renowned group of pediatricians and an attorney with expertise in child abuse matters proposed a medical definition of intrafamilial child torture perpetrated by a caretaker in a landmark 2014 publication in the health sciences literature. Representing one of the most widely cited publications on non-politically motivated child torture to date, this medical definition encompassing physical abuse, psychological abuse, deprivation, and neglect characterizing child torture has been broadly recognized and accepted by multidisciplinary professionals across medical, child welfare, and criminal justice sectors. While the medical community's efforts aimed to compel legislative changes, including adoption of explicit torture-specific statutes that would enable criminal justice system responses reflective of abuse severity, subsequent legal analyses have revealed tremendous variability in criminal investigations, prosecution, sentencing, and case outcomes. In this discussion piece, medico-legal issues relevant to intrafamilial child torture case prosecution are reviewed. The impact of the established medical definition on jurisdictional legal approaches and unique case challenges related to longitudinal nature of abuse, frequent psychological injury, and victim-perpetrator dynamics are explored in depth. Utilizing available legal research platforms, investigative information, health sciences literature, and prosecutor self-report, existing child torture statutes and case outcomes were compared with focus on perpetrator, victim, socio-environmental, and community influence on legal outcome. Prosecutorial challenges facing jurisdictions lacking child torture statutes are discussed with emphasis placed on the critical role played by the medical community to support diagnosis of physical and emotional impacts to the child. Finally, the process by which states can establish a jurisdictional torture statute are suggested.",
-        "output": "Child torture victimization: Review of criminal statutes and medico-legal issues.",
+        "input": "The current limitations of hydrogen storage technology in submarines have prompted the need for alternative solutions. One promising option is the use of ammonia, a readily stored fuel. This paper presents an innovative, integrated system that runs on ammonia and does not rely on atmospheric air. The system combines Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell (DAFC) stack and an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) technology to generate power, freshwater, and cooling. The system also recovers waste heat and utilizes it efficiently to produce these useful outputs. The study further aims to assess the system's performance using energy and exergy analysis methods and to conduct a parametric analysis to examine the impact of parameters and operating conditions on system efficiency. In the developed integrated system, the quantities of net power produced, cooling provided, and freshwater flow rate produced under specified conditions are 4069 kW, 589.5 kW, and 1.269 kg/s, respectively. Its energy and exergy efficiency were found to be 38.58% and 44.77%, respectively. The analysis study also obtains that increasing the ammonia flow rate supplied to the ICE and the steam flow rate provided to the turbine, as well as the reference temperature, could potentially improve both energetic and exergetic efficiencies.",
+        "output": "Development of a smart powering system with ammonia fuel cells and internal combustion engine for submarines",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970-2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk.",
-        "output": "Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970-2021.",
+        "input": "Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabuk, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Turkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r>0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabuk area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.",
+        "output": "Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Objective. The percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure, which relies on preoperative CT (Computed Tomography) images, is considered the gold standard for determining the benign or malignant nature of lung masses. However, the traditional lung puncture procedure has several issues, including long operation times, a high probability of complications, and high exposure to CT radiation for the patient, as it relies heavily on the surgeon's clinical experience. Approach. To address these problems, a multi-constrained objective optimization model based on clinical criteria for the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure has been proposed. Additionally, based on fuzzy optimization, a multidimensional spatial Pareto front algorithm has been developed for optimal path selection. The algorithm finds optimal paths, which are displayed on 3D images, and provides reference points for clinicians' surgical path planning. Main results. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, 25 data sets collected from the Second People's Hospital of Zigong were used for prospective and retrospective experiments. The results demonstrate that 92% of the optimal paths generated by the algorithm meet the clinicians' surgical needs. Significance. The algorithm proposed in this paper is innovative in the selection of mass target point, the integration of constraints based on clinical standards, and the utilization of multi-objective optimization algorithm. Comparison experiments have validated the better performance of the proposed algorithm. From a clinical standpoint, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a higher clinical feasibility of the proposed pathway than related studies, which reduces the dependency of the physician's expertise and clinical experience on pathway planning during the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure.",
-        "output": "Path planning algorithm for percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure based on the multi-objective constraints and fuzzy optimization",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine continue to attract the attention of medical students. This study aimed to identify undergraduate medical students' attitudes toward AI in medicine, explore present AI-related training opportunities, investigate the need for AI inclusion in medical curricula, and determine preferred methods for teaching AI curricula.METHODS: This study uses a mixed-method cross-sectional design, including a quantitative study and a qualitative study, targeting Palestinian undergraduate medical students in the academic year 2022-2023. In the quantitative part, we recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate medical students from universities in Palestine from June 15, 2022, to May 30, 2023. We collected data by using an online, well-structured, and self-administered questionnaire with 49 items. In the qualitative part, 15 undergraduate medical students were interviewed by trained researchers. Descriptive statistics and an inductive content analysis approach were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.RESULTS: From a total of 371 invitations sent, 362 responses were received (response rate=97.5%), and 349 were included in the analysis. The mean age of participants was 20.38\u00b11.97, with 40.11% (140) in their second year of medical school. Most participants (268, 76.79%) did not receive formal education on AI before or during medical study. About two-thirds of students strongly agreed or agreed that AI would become common in the future (67.9%, 237) and would revolutionize medical fields (68.7%, 240). Participants stated that they had not previously acquired training in the use of AI in medicine during formal medical education (260, 74.5%), confirming a dire need to include AI training in medical curricula (247, 70.8%). Most participants (264, 75.7%) think that learning opportunities for AI in medicine have not been adequate; therefore, it is very important to study more about employing AI in medicine (228, 65.3%). Male students (3.15\u00b10.87) had higher perception scores than female students (2.81\u00b10.86) (p<0.001). The main themes that resulted from the qualitative analysis of the interview questions were an absence of AI learning opportunities, the necessity of including AI in medical curricula, optimism towards the future of AI in medicine, and expected challenges related to AI in medical fields.CONCLUSION: Medical students lack access to educational opportunities for AI in medicine; therefore, AI should be included in formal medical curricula in Palestine.",
+        "output": "Perceptions of undergraduate medical students on artificial intelligence in medicine: mixed-methods survey study from Palestine.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.",
-        "output": "Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems",
+        "input": "Women who are pregnant or recently gave birth are significantly more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women of reproductive age, implicating the risk of fatal violence conferred by pregnancy itself. The rapidly increasing passage of state legislation has restricted or banned access to abortion care across the US. We used the most recent and only source of population-based data to examine the association between state laws that restrict access to abortion and trends in intimate partner violence-related homicide among women and girls ages10-44 during the period 2014-20. Using robust difference-in-differences ecologic modeling, we found that enforcement of each additional Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) law was associated with a 3.4percent increase in the rate of intimate partner violence-related homicide in this population. We estimated that 24.3 intimate partner violence-related homicides of women and girls ages10-44 were associated with TRAP laws implemented in the states and years included in this analysis. Assessment of policies that restrict access to abortion should consider their potential harm to reproductive-age women through the risk for violent death.",
+        "output": "States' Abortion Laws Associated With Intimate Partner Violence-Related Homicide Of Women And Girls In The US, 2014-20.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Bank stocks saw a sharp surge in noon deals on Friday after the Reserve Bank of India announced that it will discontinue the implementation of incremental-cash reserve ratio (I-CRR) in a phased manner.\"On a review, it has been decided to discontinue the I-CRR in a phased manner. Based on an assessment of current and evolving liquidity conditions, it has been decided that the amounts impounded under the I-CRR would be released in stages so that system liquidity is not subjected to sudden shocks, and money markets function in an orderly manner,\" the RBI said in a statement on Friday, September 8.At 2:30 PM, the Nifty Bank index was ruling 1 per cent higher on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) as against a 0.66 per cent gain in the benchmark Nifty50 index.Among individual stocks, Bandhan Bank quoted 3 per cent higher, Federal Bank 2 per cent, and Bank of Baroda, State Bank of India (SBI), IndusInd Bank, AU Small Finance Bank, and HDFC Bank 1 per cent each.The Nifty Private Bank and PSU Bank indices were up 1 per cent each as well.As per the schedule, the RBI will release 25 per cent of the amount received under I-CRR on September 9, next 25 per cent on September 23, and the remaining 50 per cent on October 7.During the August review of the monetary policy, the RBI mandated scheduled banks to maintain an additional 10 per cent CRR on the increase in their net demand and time liabilities between May 19, 2023 and July 28, 2023. The I-CRR mandate came into effect from August 12.According to the RBI's state of the economy report, some recent developments, including the return of Rs 2,000 banknotes overwhelmingly in the form of deposits, had expanded liquidity disproportionately, causing some dissonance with the disinflationary stance of monetary policy, while impeding transmission of policy impulses across the term structure of interest rates.The intent of the I-CRR mandate was to return the impounded funds ahead of advance tax outflows from the banking system, and well before the pick-up in demand for bank credit that typically characterised the second half of the year.",
-        "output": "The Reserve Bank of India's announcement to phase out the incremental-cash reserve ratio (I-CRR) led to a surge in bank stocks on Friday, with the Nifty Bank index rising 1% on the NSE. The RBI will release 25% of the I-CRR funds on September 9, another 25% on September 23, and the remaining 50% on October 7.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Previous literature has explored the relationship between chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and isolated cancers within the upper gastrointestinal cancers; However, an integrative synthesis across the totality of upper gastrointestinal cancers was conspicuously absent. The research objective was to assess the relationship between CAG and the risk of incident upper gastrointestinal cancers, specifically including gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, and oesophagogastric junction cancer.METHODS: Rigorous systematic searches were conducted across three major databases, namely PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, encompassing the timeline from database inception until August 10, 2023. We extracted the necessary odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for subsequent meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 17.0 software.RESULTS: This meta-analysis included a total of 23 articles encompassing 5858 patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal cancers. CAG resulted in a statistically significant 4.12-fold elevated risk of incident gastric cancer (OR=4.12, 95% CI 3.20-5.30). Likewise, CAG was linked to a 2.08-fold increased risk of incident oesophageal cancer (OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.60-2.72). Intriguingly, a specific correlation was found between CAG and the risk of incident oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR=2.29, 95%CI 1.77-2.95), while no significant association was detected for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.17-2.26). Moreover, CAG was correlated with a 2.77-fold heightened risk of oesophagogastric junction cancer (OR=2.77, 95%CI 2.21-3.46). Notably, for the same type of upper gastrointestinal cancer, it was observed that diagnosing CAG through histological methods was linked to a 33-77% higher risk of developing cancer compared to diagnosing CAG through serological methods.CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicated a two- to fourfold increased risk of gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, and oesophagogastric junction cancer in patients with CAG. Importantly, for the same upper gastrointestinal cancer, the risk of incident cancer was higher when CAG was diagnosed histologically compared to serological diagnosis. Further rigorous study designs are required to explore the impact of CAG diagnosed through both diagnostic methods on the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers.",
+        "output": "Chronic atrophic gastritis and risk of incident upper gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the health and economic outcomes of a PCV13 or PCV15 age-based (65years-and-above) vaccination program in Switzerland.INTERVENTIONS: The three vaccination strategies examined were:Target population: All adults aged 65years-and-above. Perspective(s): Switzerland health care payer.TIME HORIZON: 35years. Discount rate: 3.0%. Costing year: 2023 Swiss Francs (CHF).STUDY DESIGN: A static Markov state-transition model.DATA SOURCES: Published literature and publicly available databases or reports.OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumococcal diseases (PD) i.e., invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP); total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (CHF/QALY gained).RESULTS: Using an assumed coverage of 60%, the PCV15 strategy prevented a substantially higher number of cases/deaths than the PCV13 strategy when compared to the No vaccination strategy (1,078 IPD; 21,155 NBPP; 493 deaths). The overall total QALYs were 10,364,620 (PCV15), 10,364,070 (PCV13), and 10,362,490 (no vaccination). The associated overall total costs were CHF 741,949,814 (PCV15), CHF 756,051,954 (PCV13) and CHF 698,329,579 (no vaccination). Thus, the PCV13 strategy was strongly dominated by the PCV15 strategy. The ICER of the PCV15 strategy (vs. no vaccination) was CHF 20,479/QALY gained. In two scenario analyses where the vaccine effectiveness for serotype 3 were reduced (75% to 39.3% for IPD; 45% to 23.6% for NBPP) and NBPP incidence was increased (from 1,346 to 1,636/100,000), the resulting ICERs were CHF 29,432 and CHF 13,700/QALY gained, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the qualitative results-the estimated ICERs for the PCV15 strategy (vs. No vaccination) were all below CHF 30,000/QALYs gained.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that using PCV15 among adults aged 65years-and-above can prevent a substantial number of PD cases and deaths while remaining cost-effective over a range of inputs and scenarios.",
-        "output": "Evaluating the health and economic outcomes of a PCV15 vaccination program for adults aged 65years-and-above in Switzerland.",
+        "input": "Satellite-based precipitation estimates and global reanalysis products bear the promise of supporting the development of accurate and timely climate information for end users in sub-Sharan Africa. The accuracy of these global models, however, may be reduced in data-scarce regions and should be carefully evaluated. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data and CHIRPS precipitation data against ground-based measurements from 167 rain gauges in Ethiopia, a region with complex topography and diverse climates. Focusing over a 38-year period (1981-2018), our study utilizes a point-to-pixel analysis to compare daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data, conducting an evaluation based on continuous and categorical metrics. Our findings indicate that over Ethiopia CHIRPS generally outperforms ERA5, particularly in high-altitude areas, demonstrating a better capability in detecting high-intensity rainfall events. Both datasets, however, exhibit lower performance in Ethiopia's lowland regions, possibly the influence of sparse rain gauge networks informing gridded datasets. Notably, both CHIRPS and ERA5 were found to underestimate rainfall variability, with CHIRPS displaying a slight advantage in representing the erratic nature of Ethiopian rainfall. The study's results highlight considerable performance differences between CHIRPS and ERA5 across varying Ethiopian landscapes and climatic conditions. CHIRPS' effectiveness in high-altitude regions, especially for daily rainfall estimation, emphasizes its suitability in similar geographic contexts. Conversely, the lesser performance of ERA5 in these areas suggests a need for refined calibration and validation processes, particularly for complex terrains. These insights are essential for the application of satellite-based and reanalysis of rainfall data in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological contexts, particularly in topographically and climatically diverse regions.",
+        "output": "Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Instacart (NASDAQ:CART) was lifted to Outperform from Peer Perform at Wolfe Research Wednesday with a new price target of $35 per share. Analysts told investors in a note that they believe the risk/reward is attractive at current levels and see several paths for shares to Outperform, including a potential merger with Uber (NYSE:UBER).\"We believe CART has many levers to improve monetization and grow EBITDA MT. Furthermore, we think CART's current asset value is too cheap, presenting the optionality of a merger with UBER,\" analysts wrote. Wolfe Research believes Uber could explore a merger with CART to accelerate efforts in the critical $1 trillion grocery space. In addition, they noted the financial synergies on revenues and costs being significant, as well as regulatory risks appearing minimal. Meanwhile, CART could entertain a merger with Uber as the competitive risks are rising, while product initiatives aimed at GTV reacceleration have been less impactful so far. \"While UBER's fundamentals are solid MT, grocery is a key category to sustain growth LT, and competition is making rapid progress,\" analysts said. \"Second, UBER has a favorable cash position and val levels that could make the transaction accretive.\"\"Press sources [previously] reported CART was exploring a sale under prior CEO in 2021. While CART has achieved nice progress under the current team, MT growth outlook is sluggish. The upcoming lock up expiration could further pressure shares,\" analysts added.",
-        "output": "Wolfe Research upgraded Instacart (CART) to Outperform, citing attractive risk/reward and potential merger with Uber (UBER) to accelerate growth in the $1 trillion grocery space. The analysts believe CART's current asset value is undervalued, presenting merger optionality with UBER, which could benefit from CART's expertise in the grocery sector.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESES: During emerging adulthood, vocational indecision (i.e., the inability to make coherent career choices) develops in a heterogeneous fashion, with three distinct patterns: low; decreasing (i.e., developmental or adaptative); high and stable or increasing (i.e., chronic or maladaptive). Among the determinants of vocational indecision that have been identified in past research, academic motivation is a crucial an excellent choice, since it is at school that students' vocational choices are validated or not. According to SDT, this motivation can vary both in quantity and quality, and students tend to experience more positive academic outcomes when their motivational profile is optimal (high quantity, high quality) as opposed to suboptimal (e.g., low quantity, low quality). Thus, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to verify if the patterns found with emerging adulthood students characterized vocational indecision in adolescent students, and if supported, to predict the belonging to the most problematic trajectory by using students' academic motivational profiles. We expected several distinct trajectories of vocational indecision that would differ in shape and magnitude, and several motivational profiles that vary in quality as well as in quantity. We also expected students in high-quality or quantity motivational profiles to be less likely to follow a chronic indecision trajectory.METHOD AND RESULTS: Using data from 384 students (56% female; Mage=13.52years; SD=.52 at Secondary 2) surveyed annually from Secondary 2 to 5, person-centered analyses enabled estimation of motivational profile in Secondary 2 and vocational indecision trajectories during the 4-year period. Results revealed four distinct patterns of vocational indecision during adolescence labelled Low and Stable, Moderate and Stable, Developmental and Chronic Intermittent. Four motivational profiles were also identified in Secondary 2, ranging from poor (Highly Amotivated) to moderate (Autonomous-Introjected) quality of self-determination level. Also, in reference to the most self-determined profile, students in the Mixed profile were at greatest risk of following Chronically-Intermittently Undecided trajectory. Finally, the most self-determined students were at greatest probability of following the Developmentally Undecided trajectory.CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that the student motivational functioning in early secondary school years could be used to identify students at risk of experiencing the negative indecision patterns across secondary school. Several theoretical and practical implications are suggested.",
+        "output": "Predicting trajectories of vocational indecision from motivational profiles in early adolescence.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Spotlighting a 500 -year -old detail in Michelangelo's David, this paper delves into the intricate connection between technique and art in the medical field, especially in esthetic surgery. With rapid technological advancement, medical specialties are becoming increasingly segmented, leading to potential oversights in holistic human examination. Drawing from an- cient Greek concepts, Techne, Ars, and Episteme are explored as symbolic re- presentations of the convergence of skill and knowledge. Art, defined as a reflection of human creativity and emotion, was historically intertwined with science, as symbolized by the nine Muses. The Renaissance period, exemplified by works like David, underlines the profound relationship between art and anatomy. Dr. Gelfman's observations on the David sign serve as a testament to the continuous dance between medical science and artistic representation. This paper underscores the timeless value of a comprehensive approach in medical practice, urging professionals to amalgamate technical precision with an artistic understanding of the human form. Level of evidence: Level V, opinion expert. (c) 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Deciphering the David Sign: Intersections in esthetic surgery and renaissance sculpture",
+        "input": "Understanding the rainfall-triggering mechanisms influencing loess landslides and developing targeted prevention and control strategies are critical challenges in engineering. This study focused on a representative landslide-prone area in Huxian County, Xi'an, China, and field experiments involving artificial rainfall simulations were conducted. Utilizing the annual rainfall statistics for Huxian County, three distinct rainfall scenarios-light, moderate, and heavy-were established. The aim was to explore the correlation between internal pore water pressure and temporal and depth-related changes during the postrainfall stage. At the same time, reflective patches were placed on the slope and total stations were used to monitor the impact of different rainfall intensities on slope displacement. Based on the field data, a three-dimensional simulation validation was executed using Surfer software. Our findings suggest that increasing rainfall intensity directly correlates with higher internal pore water pressure. As the rainfall persisted, the daily amplitude of pore water pressure initially surged before moderating, ultimately exhibiting a logarithmic trend with depth. The effective influence depths of the daily amplitude of pore water pressure during light, moderate, and heavy rainfall stages were found to be 1.6, 2.2, and 5.0 m, respectively. Following cessation of the rainfall, the surface pore water pressure underwent substantial change, and the daily amplitude rapidly declined before stabilizing. Slope displacement consistently increased from the summit to the base throughout the rainfall stages, with the base being most susceptible to sliding instability. The maximum displacement at the foot of the slope was in Columns 3-5, with a maximum displacement value of 1,158 mm. Proximity to the slope's base correlated with greater gravitational and downward forces. Specific maximum displacement values were recorded at different locations along the slope, revealing the most significant changes along the slope's centerline. This work will contribute to the effective management and landslide prevention of loess slopes.",
+        "output": "Investigations of the Effect of Artificial Rainfall on the Pore Water Pressure and Slope Surface Displacement of Loess Slopes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The public will rightly not value a science that is more concerned with demographic population matching than with ideas. Taking further steps in the direction of identity politics will reduce public confidence in psychology's conclusions and reduce trust and respect. If psychology embraces demographic quotas, there will be self-selection out of the discipline, and that self-selection will harm our science.",
-        "output": "Toward a Psychology of Ideas Rather Than Demographics: Commentary on Hommel (2024)",
+        "input": "PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the competency characteristics required for the employment of master's degree students in educational technology.Design/methodology/approachA combined qualitative and quantitative method was used to consult multiple experts through a modified Delphi method. Competency characteristics were extracted from Chinese recruitment apps, national recruitment websites and university training programs. Ten senior teacher experts who teach educational technology master's students were consulted through a questionnaire consultation to validate the proposed competency model. The weights of competency characteristics were determined through a combination of the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method.FindingsThe results show that when recruiting educational technology master's students, more emphasis is placed on operational skills. The majority of companies tend to assess practical abilities rather than theoretical knowledge. Relevant knowledge of educational technology, psychology, computer science and education is considered to be the basic knowledge components of educational technology master's students, while professional skills are the core skills required for their positions. Therefore, universities need to focus on training, educational technology graduate students in these areas of competence. The study also found that professional qualities (such as physical and mental fitness) and personality traits (interpersonal communication and interaction) receive more attention from companies and are essential competencies for educational technology master's students.Originality/valueA competence model for educational technology master's students is proposed, which includes aspects such as knowledge, personal skills/abilities, professional qualities and personality traits. The competence elements included in this model can serve as reference indicators for universities to cultivate the competence of educational technology master's students, as well as reference points for recruiting units to help them select talents. This represents a new dimension in research related to the employment of educational technology master's students. The study enriches the research objects and competence dictionary in the field of competence research.",
+        "output": "Construction of a competency evaluation index system for postgraduates of educational technology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) jeopardize water quality and pose a potential risk to human health. However, the specific response of CRB to chlorination and chloramination remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from water samples before and after chlorination and chloramination taken between January and December 2020. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated all finished water samples. After chloramination, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were the dominant CRB, whereas Ralstonia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus were prevalent after chlorination. Over 75% of the CRB e.g. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterococcus were shared between the chlorination and chloramination, involving potentially pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Notably, certain genera such as Faecalibacterium, Geobacter, and Megasphaera were enriched as strong CRB after chloramination, whereas Vogesella, Flavobacterium, Thalassolituus, Pseudoalteromonas, and others were enriched after chlorination according to LEfSe analysis. The shared CRB correlated with temperature, pH, and turbidity, displaying a seasonal pattern with varying sensitivity to chlorination and chloramination in cold and warm seasons. These findings enhance our knowledge of the drinking water microbiome and microbial health risks, thus enabling better infectious disease control through enhanced disinfection strategies in DWTPs.",
-        "output": "Comparative analysis of chlorine-resistant bacteria after chlorination and chloramination in drinking water treatment plants.",
+        "input": "To determine changes in Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis detection rates, we analyzed 1.43 million respiratory multiplex PCR test results from US facilities from 2019 through mid-2023. From mid-2022 through mid-2023, Bordetella spp. detection increased 8.5-fold; 95% of detections were B. parapertussis. While B. parapertussis rates increased, B. pertussis rates decreased.",
+        "output": "Reemergence of Bordetella parapertussis, United States, 2019-2023.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) in gynaecology has undergone exponential growth in recent decades, with utility in treating both benign and malignant gynaecological conditions. The technological complexities and amended theatre dynamics that RAS demands mean that effective non-technical skills (NTS) are vitally important to overcome these unique challenges. However, NTS have been neglected in RAS-training programmes with focus placed instead on the exclusive acquisition of technical skills (TS). NTS include teamwork, communication, leadership, situational awareness, decision-making and stress management. Communication is the most frequently cited NTS impacted during RAS, as the physical limitations imposed by the robotic hardware make communication exchange difficult. The full immersion that RAS enables can contribute to situational awareness deficits. However, RAS can complement communication and teamwork when multidisciplinary (MDT) surgeries (such as complex endometriosis excisions) are undertaken; dual-console capabilities facilitate the involvement of specialties such as general surgery and urology. The development of NTS in RAS cannot be achieved with in-situ experience alone, and current training is poorly standardised. RAS-training programmes and curricula for gynaecology do exist, however the integration of NTS remain limited. Simulation is a viable tool to facilitate enhanced-NTS integration, yet cost implications form a barrier to its wider implementation. However, given that RAS will continue to occupy a greater proportion of the gynaecological caseload, integration of NTS within gynaecological RAS training curricula is necessary. Patients undergoing gynaecological RAS would benefit from the improved safety standards and enhanced surgical outcomes that would result.",
-        "output": "The importance of non-technical skills in robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology.",
+        "input": "The goal of this article is to motivate the idea of a social reason and demonstrate its usefulness in social theorizing. For example, in a society that values getting married young, the fact that one is young is a reason to get married. In racist and sexist societies, we have social reasons to be racist and sexist. Social reasons give rise to social requirements and obligations, where these requirements often conflict with prudential and moral requirements. My application of reasons to social philosophy parallels Charles Mills' and Carole Pateman's applications of social contract theory to political philosophy. While they use social contract theory to make sense of patriarchy and white supremacy, I use the theory of normative reasons to make sense of social injustice. The theory of normative reasons meets non-ideal theory.",
+        "output": "Social Reasons",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Baltic amber is often considered the principal Scandinavian commodity exchanged for metal from ore-rich regions in Europe. If correct, this may explain the astonishing metal wealth of the Nordic Bronze Age and the modest social consumption of amber locally. The hypothesis of a metal-for-amber principle behind the trade is here for the first time assessed on scales from micro to macro. Amber finds were charted across Europe, and the result was then compared to evidence for regular shifts in copper ore preferences/availability, as found in the systematically changing isotopic/elemental composition of Nordic metal objects in c. 2100-1200 BC. Comparisons indicate that amber and metal followed similar spatiotemporal trajectories with major reorganizations at the turn from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age. Shifts in amber distribution correlate with the geography of metal sources used in both periods and flows of metal to Scandinavia and amber to Europe appear to be contingent even in subperiods. Major European amber tracks - and the crossroads hubs controlling them - were identified for the transfer of goods, yet again revealing major changes at the transition to the Middle Bronze Age. The social roles and meanings of amber among Nordic communities were likewise examined, suggesting that bearers of amber played a role in exercising social control of this resource. It is concluded that amber almost certainly was exchanged for metal.",
-        "output": "Metal-for-Amber in the European Bronze Age",
+        "input": "We redefine the concept of bird's-eye-view (BEV) imaging for machine cognition tasks, emphasizing its power as an image interpretation tool. Humans intuitively translate two-dimensional (2D) images into BEV representations by discerning and integrating spatial information, such as position and morphological aspects. Existing techniques focus primarily on improving accuracy in whole-to-whole mapping. However, this often results in a loss of global-local correlation, posing a significant challenge in predicting complex elements, such as multiscale dynamic objects and small-scale static objects in the distance. To address this issue, we propose correlated global-local spatial context learning (CGLSCL), one of the first attempts to amalgamate positional and morphological cues in translation for machine cognition tasks. Augmented by correlated learning, CGLSCL ensures more comprehensive BEV output, particularly for minor and fast-moving elements, which need to be captured more effectively than they are by existing methods. An evaluation of CGLSCL using the NuScenes and Argoverse 3D datasets demonstrated its superior performance compared to current state-of-the-art methods, particularly in predicting complex elements.",
+        "output": "Predicting Bird's-Eye-View Semantic Representations Using Correlated Context Learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Zooarchaeological research all over Europe has suggested a generalised pattern of livestock size decrease during the transition between the Roman times and the Early Middle Ages. Different reasons have been proposed to explain this pattern, including a change in management and feeding practices, in the context of a shift of animal husbandry from large to small scale production. This paper is based on faunal material from Roman and early medieval Augusta Raurica, north-western Switzerland, and provides a first attempt to test this hypothesis, by combining zooarchaeological information (taxonomic frequencies and biometrical analysis) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from bone collagen of cattle and pig. The results suggest important changes in livestock management, such as a shift towards pig husbandry, and evidence for increased use of pannage and forest pastures has been found.",
-        "output": "Livestock management during times of transition. Exploring the relationship between animal size and diet from Roman to early medieval Augusta Raurica (Switzerland)",
+        "input": "Recent research on human exploitation of molluscs, echinoderms and crustaceans during the Mesolithic in the Cantabrian region (northern Iberia) has shown significant variability in the intensity of the use of coastal resources by the last hunter-fisher-gatherers throughout the similar to 4000-year expanse of the Mesolithic (10,700 - 6,700 cal BP). Previous studies have proposed hypotheses related to demographic changes to explain intensification events. In this paper we aim to unravel whether climatic and environmental changes, or other social factors, such as demography, were involved in the increase in the use of marine resources at certain times. We employed species representation, quantification and biometric analysis of the shell assemblages from the El Toral III archaeological site (Asturias, northern Iberia) to identify patterns in shell exploitation throughout the stratigraphic sequence. To establish the chronology and distinguish occupation phases of the site, we employed Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon measurements. Faunal results show that marine gastropods such as limpets of the Patella genus and topshells Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) were the most exploited species, while bivalves, echinoids and crustaceans were present in smaller quantities. The comparison of the results for El Toral III with other Mesolithic sites in the region reveals significant temporal differences in the intensity of collection of marine shell species. Results showed that intensification processes are not clearly related to climate change but to other social factors, such as demography, suggesting that intensification and relaxation in shell collection events were strategies adopted depending on the needs of the human groups at different times.",
+        "output": "Living in the shore: changes in coastal resource intensification during the Mesolithic in northern Iberia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PARIS - Dassault Aviation Group has reported a decrease in aircraft orders and deliveries for the year 2023 compared to the previous year. The French aerospace company, known for its Rafale fighter jets and Falcon business jets, received 60 orders for Rafale aircraft, a decrease from the 92 orders received in 2022. Of the 60 Rafales ordered in 2023, 42 were for France and 18 for Indonesia. Notably, an additional order of 18 Rafale jets for Indonesia, which was finalized on January 8, 2024, was not included in the 2023 figures.The company also saw a decline in orders for its Falcon jets, with 23 orders in 2023, down from 64 in the previous year. In terms of deliveries, Dassault Aviation delivered 13 Rafale jets (11 to France and 2 to export customers) in 2023, falling short of the 15 it had projected. This is a slight decrease from the 14 Rafale deliveries (13 export, 1 France) in 2022. For the Falcon business jets, 26 units were delivered in 2023, which is lower than the 35 jets the company had expected to deliver and also less than the 32 delivered in 2022.As of December 31, 2023, the backlog for Dassault Aviation included 211 Rafale aircraft (141 export and 70 for France), marking an increase from the 164 Rafale backlog at the end of 2022. The Falcon backlog slightly decreased to 84 jets, compared to 87 at the end of the previous year.The Falcon 6X, which was certified on August 22, 2023, and incorporates post-certification upgrades approved by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), entered service at the end of 2023.Dassault Aviation is set to release its full-year financial results on March 6, 2024, which will provide further insight into the company's financial performance, including the amounts in euros related to these aircraft figures.With a history spanning over a century, Dassault Aviation has delivered more than 10,000 military and civil aircraft to over 90 countries. The company reported revenues of \u20ac6.9 billion in 2022 and employs approximately 12,700 people. This announcement is based on a press release statement from Dassault Aviation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Dassault Aviation reported a decrease in aircraft orders and deliveries for 2023 compared to 2022, with 60 Rafale orders (42 for France, 18 for Indonesia) and 23 Falcon jet orders. Deliveries included 13 Rafale jets and 26 Falcon business jets, with backlogs of 211 Rafale and 84 Falcon aircraft as of December 31, 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Citizen science (CS) is the most effective tool for overcoming the limitations of government and/or professional data collection. To compensate for quantitative limitations of the 'Winter Waterbird Census of Korea', we conducted a total of four bird monitoring via CS from 2021 to 2022. To use CS data alongside national data, we studied CS data quality and improvement utilizing (1) digit-based analysis using Benford's law and (2) comparative analysis with national data. In addition, we performed bird community analysis using CS-specific data, demonstrating the necessity of CS. Neither CS nor the national data adhered to Benford's law. Alpha diversity (number of species and Shannon index) was lower, and total beta diversity was higher for the CS data than national data. Regarding the observed bird community, the number of species per family was similar; however, the number of individuals per family/species differed. We also identified the necessity of CS by confirming the possibility of predicting bird communities using CS-specific data. CS was influenced by various factors, including the perceptions of the survey participants and their level of experience. Therefore, conducting CS after systematic training can facilitate the collection of higher-quality data.",
+        "output": "Application of citizen science with the nationwide bird census.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Grayscale Trust ETF has transferred $41 million worth of Bitcoin to an exchange platform yesterday, as the cryptocurrency's price experienced a downturn. The movement of funds by the exchange-traded fund (ETF) comes at a time when Bitcoin's value fell to $42,719.The transfer has raised questions about its potential influence on the redemptions of Grayscale's Bitcoin Trust (GBTC).Grayscale has not provided a comment on the transfer or its timing in relation to the Bitcoin price drop. However, the correlation between the transfer and the dip in Bitcoin's price has become a point of discussion among market participants, who are monitoring the situation to gauge the ETF's strategy and the possible effects on Bitcoin's liquidity and market stability.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Grayscale Trust ETF transferred $41 million worth of Bitcoin to an exchange platform as the cryptocurrency's price fell to $42,719, raising questions about its potential impact on redemptions of Grayscale's Bitcoin Trust (GBTC).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The interaction between water and green spaces holds significant importance as an urban carbon sink, but there has been insufficient attention to how the specific morphology of waterfront landscapes affects their capacity for carbon sink. This study focuses on typical riverfront spaces in Shanghai, employing an improved Carnegie-AmesStanford-Approach (CASA) model fused with remote sensing spatiotemporal images to simulate vegetation fixed carbon within urban riverfront green spaces. Furthermore, an interpretable machine learning method was utilized to unveil the mechanism driving spatial heterogeneity in carbon sink efficiency. The results reveal the carbon sink efficiency of urban riverfront green spaces exhibits noticeable spatial heterogeneity, varying according to the location, type, scale, and river elements; The internal green component factors, including vegetation coverage and tree green ratio, along with surrounding environmental factor water surface ratio, are key factors influencing the carbon sinks efficiency; Hydrological elements within specific thresholds, namely, water surface ratio ranges between 0.245 and 0.281, can effectively enhance the carbon sink capacity of green spaces. And the maximum influencing value of distance from the water body is about 1800 m. The study contributes to developing a more scientific layout for climate-adaptive urban riverfront green spaces on the mesoscale.",
+        "output": "The impact of landscape spatial morphology on green carbon sink in the urban riverfront area",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study investigates how tourists' Green Environmental Knowledge, Green Hotel Knowledge, and environment concern impact pro-environmental (PE) attitudes. Using mixed methods, it examines how PE attitudes influence the intention to stay at eco-friendly hotels, based on the theory of planned behavior. The study further explores the moderating role of the Greta Effect in connecting PE attitudes and hotel choice. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to enhance the comprehension of quantitative findings, on exploring the moderating impact of the Greta Effect. The findings highlight the important role of environmental activism in inspiring action for green hotel choice.",
-        "output": "Beyond carbon footprints: the 'Greta Thunberg Effect' and tourist hotel preferences",
+        "input": "According to the cognitive model of psychopathology, maladaptive beliefs about oneself, others, and the world are the main factors contributing to the development and persistence of various forms of mental suffering. Therefore, the key therapeutic process of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-a therapeutic approach rooted in the cognitive model-is cognitive restructuring, i.e., a process of revision of such maladaptive beliefs. In this paper, I examine the philosophical assumptions underlying CBT and offer theoretical reasons to think that the effectiveness of belief revision in psychotherapy is very limited. This is the case, I argue, because the cognitive model wrongly assumes that our body of beliefs is unified, while it is in fact fragmented.",
+        "output": "Belief revision in psychotherapy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) is reportedly laying off \"several hundred\" employees in its Prime Video and MGM Studios divisions. IndieWire, which first reported the news, said it had seen an email from the SVP of Prime Video and Amazon MGM Studios, Mike Hopkins, in which employees were told of the decision.The email is said to state that the industry continues to evolve quickly, and the company needs to prioritize its investments for the business's long-term success. Furthermore, Hopkins writes that the company has identified opportunities to reduce or discontinue investments in certain areas while increasing their investment and focus on content and product initiatives that deliver the most impact. \"As a result of these decisions, we will be eliminating several hundred roles across the Prime Video and Amazon MGM Studios organization,\" said Hopkins, according to IndieWire, which quoted the email in full. \"Today, we will begin to reach out to colleagues who are impacted by these role reductions.\"IndieWire added that sources told them the layoffs represent a relatively small percentage of Hopkins' staff.In addition, future investments in the Prime Video and MG divisions will focus on marketing, programming, and product, alongside other endeavors that \"move the needle.\"",
-        "output": "Amazon is laying off \"several hundred\" employees in its Prime Video and MGM Studios divisions to prioritize investments in marketing, programming, and product initiatives that deliver the most impact. The layoffs represent a relatively small percentage of Hopkins' staff.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study aims to determine the efficiency of Polyamide 6 in consolidating fragile vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. Through two proposed interaction strategies, molecular modeling calculations demonstrated how the proposed polyamide 6 structure can protect vegetable-tanned leather from deteriorating environmental conditions. The total dipole moment was calculated as a potential descriptor of structure reactivity, and all of PA6 and the two proposed interaction models reveal poor reactive behavior when compared to pristine structures, confirming its capabilities as a protective layer. Furthermore, electrostatic potential maps were created to enhance PA6' s ability to safeguard leather artifacts and transform them into neutral, non-reactive substances. It was also created new vegetable-tanned leather prototypes. Polyamide 6 was produced in various concentrations and impregnated into the aged untreated samples. The evaluation process used some physical qualities (digital and scanning electron microscopes, color change, water absorption, and water vapor permeability). All examinations and investigations revealed that 2% and 3% concentrations produced the best results, while the concentration of 5% produced the worst. As a result, this study suggests employing 2% and 3% concentrations to treat historical and archaeologically fragile vegetable-tanned leather objects. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Physical prospective of polyamide 6 for the consolidation of fragile vegetable tanned Leather artifacts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and is considered to be an emerging, globally concerning pollutant. The genus Streptomyces holds promise as a degrader of various organic pollutants, but PAE biodegradation mechanisms by Streptomyces species remain unsolved. In this study, a novel PAE-degrading Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats efficiently degraded various PAEs. FZ201 had strong resilience against DBP and exhibited immediate degradation, with kinetics adhering to a first-order model. The comprehensive biodegradation of DBP involves de-esterification, beta-oxidation, trans-esterification, and aromatic ring cleavage. FZ201 contains numerous catabolic genes that potentially facilitate PAE biodegradation. The DBP metabolic pathway was reconstructed by genome annotation and intermediate identification. Streptomyces species have an open pangenome with substantial genome expansion events during the evolutionary process, enabling extensive genetic diversity and highly plastic genomes within the Streptomyces genus. FZ201 had a diverse array of highly expressed genes associated with the degradation of PAEs, potentially contributing significantly to its adaptive advantage and efficiency of PAE degradation. Thus, FZ201 is a promising candidate for remediating highly PAE-contaminated environments. These findings enhance our preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by Streptomyces for the removal of PAEs.",
-        "output": "Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters and whole-genome analysis of a novel Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats.",
+        "input": "The treatment of the rubble from the fire at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris was the subject of an unprecedented protocol, drafted jointly by several departments of the ministere de la Culture and implemented by these same teams, assisted by compagnons (workers, foremen, forklift operators, automatic machine operators) present on the safety site. The aim of this approach, which was implemented immediately after the disaster, was to identify, from amongst all the collapsed materials on the floor and on the vaults, those that could be recovered, both for restoration purposes and for long-term scientific research - thus passing from the status of debris to that of vestiges. A sampling protocol, using robotic equipment on the ground and rope access technicians on the vaults, was thus organised to document and locate each material recovered (photographs, orthophotographs, geolocation): material specialists and archaeologists took turns for nearly twenty-four (24) months, in a context of lead pollution and according to an extremely constrained schedule, to carry out this sorting and draw up an initial inventory. At the end of this first phase of the scientific project, nearly ten thousand (10,0 0 0) pieces of timber, six hundred and fifty (650) pallets of stone items and three hundred and fifty (350) pallets of metal items are now stored in warehouses rented by the project management team, under the responsibility of the ministere de la Culture, and are currently the subject of a detailed inventory. All of the vestiges collected will thus be able to be used for the restoration of the building and, through the many research programmes already underway, contribute to a renewed knowledge of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "From debris to remains, an experimental protocol under emergency conditions",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The stocks of companies under the Gautam Adani-led group soared on Tuesday as investor confidence was bolstered by a media report stating that the US government did not find short-seller Hindenburg Research\u2019s allegations of corporate fraud against the conglomerate relevant before extending a $553 million loan for a container terminal in Sri Lanka. Another key trigger was Adani Green Energy securing a $1.36 billion loan from a consortium of eight international banks.The group\u2019s 11 listed stocks saw gains ranging from 7 per cent to 20 per cent, resulting in a record addition of Rs 1.93 trillion to the market cap. The group\u2019s market value reached nearly Rs 14 trillion, the highest since January 31.Allegations in a scathing report by Hindenburg Research on January 24 -- which erased around Rs 13 trillion from the Adani group\u2019s market value earlier this year \u2014 were front and centre as the International Development Finance Corporation, or DFC, conducted a due diligence investigation of the conglomerate, an official from the US agency told Bloomberg.The official further said that the DFC was satisfied that the allegations weren\u2019t applicable to Adani Ports & Special Economic Zone, which is spearheading the Sri Lankan project.Shares of Adani Ports rose 15 per cent to Rs 1,012 apiece during the day. The stock is already 33 per cent higher than levels seen before the Hindenburg report.The sell-off in Adani stocks troughed by the end of February, ahead of a Rs 15,500 crore share purchase by US-based investment firm GQG Partners from Adani group promoters. GQG, led by Rajiv Jain, has acquired stakes in five Adani group firms for about $4.2 billion \u2013 the value of which has now increased by over 75 per cent to nearly $7.5 billion.From a low of Rs 6.8 trillion, the Adani group\u2019s market cap has more than doubled but is still Rs 5.3 trillion below the January 24 levels.The majority of the recovery in market value has occurred in the past week. Last week, the Adani group\u2019s market cap surged by Rs 1 trillion after the Supreme Court concluded hearings in a regulatory probe investigating the American short seller\u2019s allegations. While reserving its order on the probe, the apex court stated it would not take media reports on the conglomerate as the \u201cgospel truth\u201d. On Monday, the value of the 11 listed stocks had increased by Rs 73,000 crore, a day after the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) swept polls in three states.",
-        "output": "Adani Group stocks surged on Tuesday, adding a record Rs 1.93 trillion to market cap, driven by investor confidence boosted by a US government report dismissing Hindenburg Research's allegations and Adani Green Energy securing a $1.36 billion loan.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The fire of April 15, 2019 at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris offered archaeologists and art historians a unique opportunity to work closely with an emblematic building, a World Heritage Site. The recovery of most of the voussoirs from the collapsed transverse arch of the nave has made it possible to study the operating chain of an essential element of the cathedral, from the choice of material to its implementation, including the techniques used by the stonemason or the knowledge of the joiner. This technical analysis has made it possible to establish comparisons with the other elevations of the cathedral, and also with other Early and High Gothic buildings, allowing us to offer a new proposal for the development of knowledge and the overall chronology of construction. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Archaeological analysis of the voussoirs of the collapsed transverse arch of the nave: First results and new hypotheses",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stocks will most likely under-react to earnings, according to analysts at Bernstein in a note Friday. Analysts explained that S&P 500 earnings for the fourth quarter of 2023 are expected to decline by 0.1% year-over-year on 2.9% higher revenues based on consensus estimates. Meanwhile, earnings growth forecasts are positive for 5 out of 11 sectors, led by communications services and real estate, while healthcare and energy are expected to be the largest drags. In addition, the \"Magnificent 7\" continues to dominate, with EPS expected to be 48% higher than a year ago on 12% higher revenues.\"In our prior research, we've found that stocks with the highest levels of passive and non-institutional ownership have experienced more muted reactions to both beats and misses than other stocks with a more active institutional ownership profile,\" added the analysts. Analysts also noted that software stocks lead the industry crowding rankings by the concentration of stocks in the top quintile of the Bernstein Crowding Model relative to industry size, while the least crowded industry is Banks.",
-        "output": "Bernstein analysts predict S&P 500 earnings to decline by 0.1% in Q4 2023, with positive growth forecasts for five sectors, led by communications services and real estate. Stocks with high passive and non-institutional ownership are expected to under-react to earnings due to muted reactions to beats and misses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This is an essay that explores the phenomenon of stripping dedicatory names-commemorative toponyms-from buildings, particularly on university campuses, but with the wider lens of thinking through renaming more generally. It comes out of my experience as a faculty member at U.C. Berkeley, where a number of buildings have been-or are in the process of being-renamed. The essay uses a building named after the eminent Anthropologist Alfred Kroeber-and recently unnamed, but not yet renamed-as the point of departure for exploring the various arguments for unnaming, as well as preserving names on buildings. Along the way, it investigates issues of what constitutes history or institutional memory, whether toponyms can be understood as free speech, and how institutions use unnaming to perform cultural work that is only peripherally about memory.",
+        "output": "Unnaming buildings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intense form of treatment, resulting in major symptom burden but can prove curative. The quality of life (QOL) is a major endpoint for these patients as the survival rate in them has improved over time. The aim of the study is to assess the QOL and symptom burden of hematological malignancy patients at admission to hospital for HSCT, at 1 month and at 3 months following HSCT.Methods This prospective observational study was done on hematological malignancy patients who were admitted for HSCT in a regional cancer center. The study subjects were assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant Scale (FACT-BMT Scale), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-revised (r-ESAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) at the time of hospital admission for transplantation, on day 30 (similar to 1 month) and day100 (similar to 3 months) of transplantation.Results A total of 68 patients were included in this study. FACT-BMT scores have decreased from baseline (F0) to the first follow-up (F1) and then increased in the third follow-up (F2). The maximum r-ESAS mean score was for tiredness among all other symptoms at F0 as well as at F1 and at F2. The DASS 21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were maximum during F1 and minimum during F2.Conclusion Symptom burden is maximum during the first month of BMT, which improves later and QOL becomes improved with time.",
-        "output": "Quality of life and symptom burden in hematological cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an observational study at Regional Cancer Centre, India",
+        "input": "The first year architectural education is based on understanding the nature of creativity in design thinking, which serves to build a solid base for a real design process; and in studios several methods are used to develop it. This study aims to discuss how using fairy tales can serve as a tool for encouraging creativity in first year design studios. It is based on a 6-week-long basic design II summer school course where 20 architecture and interior architecture students were asked to write fairy tales in a fantasy genre and visualise their fairy tale environment. At the end of this experimental study, we learned four important lessons: (a) when Gen Z students meet design issues first, they can be more involved and interested if they are given the opportunity to reveal their dreams and imaginations without any restriction; (b) they can show their open-mindedness, and accept the fact that a good presentation performance even with hand drawing is possible, without using technological tools; (c) fairy tales with their unique structures can lead them to advance their out of the box thinking. Combining phantasy with reality might be a good tool for liberating the power of imagination which ultimately can bring good design thinking abilities and enhanced creativity, and finally (d) a further study about how they implemented this experiment in their second year design problem is worthy of further analysis.",
+        "output": "Between Real and Phantasy: Encouraging Creativity in the First Year Architectural Education Through Fairy Tales",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 13 (IANS) India has requested the US to restore its status under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program which was scrapped by the former Donald Trump administration in 2019.The issue came up at the India-US Trade Policy Forum (TPF) meeting here co-chaired by Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal and US Trade Representative, Ambassador Katherine Tai.\u201cCommerce Minister Goyal reiterated India\u2019s interest in restoration of its beneficiary status under the Generalized System of Preferences program. Ambassador Tai noted that this could be considered, as warranted, in relation to the eligibility criteria determined by the US Congress,\u201d a joint statement issued on Friday night after the meeting said.India was the largest beneficiary of the GSP status in 2017, with $5.7 billion worth of goods being exported duty-free to the US.About 1,900 products such as engineering goods, chemicals and textiles were allowed to enter the US without an duty being levied on them.The Ministers also noted that the movement of professional and skilled workers, students, investors and business visitors between the countries contributes immensely to enhancing the bilateral economic and technological partnership.Minister Goyal highlighted challenges being faced by business visitors from India due to visa processing time periods and requested the United States to augment processing, the joint statement said.They also identified certain areas, including critical minerals, customs and trade facilitation, supply chains, and trade in high tech products, in which the US and India will develop an ambitious and forward looking roadmap for enhanced cooperation in order to achieve economically meaningful outcomes.The Ministers committed to pursue these efforts with a view to establish the foundation to launch future joint initiatives.They also emphasised their mutual interest in furthering public health discussions to ensure safe and effective medical products.India emphasised the need to increase the number of inspections by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in India to facilitate trade and continue to reduce the backlog.The US appreciated India\u2019s remarks, noting that the FDA has increased staffing to increase pharmaceutical inspections conducted by the agency.They two ministers also welcomed the strong momentum in India-US bilateral trade in goods and services, which continued to rise and likely surpassed $200 billion in calendar year 2023 despite a challenging global trade environment.They acknowledged that considering the size of their economies, significant potential remains unrealized and expressed their mutual desire to further enhance engagement with the goal of continuing to increase and diversify bilateral trade.The Ministers reiterated their commitment to ensure that technical regulations, such as Quality Control Orders, do not create unnecessary barriers to trade by providing sufficient opportunities for stakeholder consultations and ensuring that relevant domestic standards align with international standards to the extent feasible.The US welcomed India\u2019s efforts to modernize its patent system and registration processes across its IP offices, particularly through recently proposed amendments to the patent rules which aim towards streamlining compliance requirements and easing the process of patent filing and granting.--IANSpannu/ksk",
-        "output": "India has requested the US to restore its GSP status, which was revoked in 2019, during the India-US Trade Policy Forum meeting. The US noted that this could be considered, as warranted, in relation to the eligibility criteria determined by the US Congress.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Over the past few years, digitalisation has led to the development of new forms of Holocaust memory, with advances in digital technology reshaping and introducing alternative ways of remembering, understanding and representing the Holocaust. The purpose of this study is to examine how three Holocaust survivors - Lily Ebert (100), Gidon Lev (88) and Tova Friedman (85) - share their firsthand experiences on TikTok by segmenting traumatic memories using the platforms' audio-visual aesthetic and adapting their testimonies for the attention spans of young users. Based on 1-year content production and detailed analysis of 84 videos across the three profiles, a mixed-methods approach was applied to identify how each survivor interacts with their 'fans' using a unique communication style and with distinct goals. The results of the multimodal analysis show that the three survivors are engaged in meaningful acts of playful online activism on the memory of the Holocaust by bringing testimony and daily life together, in order to protect historical facts and combat antisemitism and Holocaust distortion.",
+        "output": "'Could we possibly see your tattoo? If not that's totally fine!' Holocaust survivors' playful activism on TikTok",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "According to HDFC Bank\u2019s chief financial officer (CFO) Srinivasan Vaidyanathan, the bank has provided Rs 3,800 crore towards specific provisions for NPAs. It, therefore, hiked the provisioning coverage ratio (PCR) for the erstwhile HDFC from nearly 40 per cent to 74 per cent.NIMs are also expected to come under pressure for the largest private sector lender in the near term due to liquidity overhang.HDFC Bank\u2019s NIM was 4.1 per cent and is likely to come down to 3.7-3.8 per cent due to additional liquidity to shore up the liquidity coverage ratio.\u201cThere is likely to be 20-25 basis points (bps) additional pressure on NIM in the near term. The receding drag from incremental cash reserve ratio (CRR) and spike in NPA (for e-HDFC book in Q1FY24) along with loans / deposits re-pricing should result in NIM stabilising post Q2FY24,\u201d ICICI Securities said in a note.\u201cHowever, it could take 3-4 quarters for NIM to normalise,\u201d the note added.Vaidyanathan noted the negative impact of the merger on the net worth of the erstwhile HDFC as it dropped to Rs 1,199 billion from Rs 1,340 billion.As a result, the net worth of HDFC Bank is likely to be impacted more than expected due to the merger. This was mainly due to transitioning to the Indian GAAP accounting system and harmonisation of provisions.Analysts at Nomura have downgraded the stock to \u2018neutral\u2019, saying that the \u2018negative surprises\u2019 from the disclosures will adversely impact the scrip\u2019s book value-to-price per share (BVPS) metric over the next few quarters.\u201cOur earnings per share (EPS) cut of 5-9 per cent over FY24-26 and BVPS cut of 7 per cent factor in the negative surprises from pro-forma earnings estimates of the merged entity. This depresses HDFC Bank\u2019s medium-term return on assets (RoA) profile further and the gap vs ICICI\u2019s 2.2 per cent RoA profile (FY24-26F) is even starker now. Further, we remain watchful of any near-term impact on loan growth arising out of pressure to maintain elevated liquidity levels,\u201d the brokerage said.Goldman Sachs, however, said the bank is well poised to gain substantial market share in both lending and deposits over the next few years. This is on the back of an expanding distribution network as well as its strong focus on cross-selling to existing customers.",
-        "output": "HDFC Bank has increased its provisioning coverage ratio to 74% and provided Rs 3,800 crore for NPAs, leading to a potential impact on its net worth and NIMs, which are expected to decline to 3.7-3.8% due to liquidity overhang.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In sand-dust weather, the influence of sand-dust particles on imaging equipment often results in images with color deviation, blurring, and low contrast, among other issues. These problems making many traditional image restoration methods unable to accurately estimate the semantic information of the images and consequently resulting in poor restoration of clear images. Most current image restoration methods in the field of deep learning are based on supervised learning, which requires pairing and labeling a large amount of data, and the possibility of manual annotation errors. In light of this, we propose an unsupervised sand-dust image restoration network. The overall model adopts an improved CycleGAN to fit unpaired sand-dust images. Firstly, multiscale skip connections in the multiscale cascaded attention module are used to enhance the feature fusion effect after downsampling. Secondly, multi-head convolutional attention with multiple input concatenations is employed, with each head using different kernel sizes to improve the ability to restore detail information. Finally, the adaptive decoder-encoder module is used to achieve adaptive fitting of the model and output the restored image. According to the experiments conducted on the dataset, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of USIR-Net are superior to the selected comparison algorithms, furthermore, in additional experiments conducted on haze removal and underwater image enhancement, we have demonstrated the wide applicability of our model.",
+        "output": "USIR-Net: sand-dust image restoration based on unsupervised learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) Iconic cricketer Sachin Tendulkar has become the latest celebrity to fall victim to a deepfake video.On Monday, Tendulkar took to the micro-blogging site X, informing that his deepfake video promoting a gaming application is circulating on social media platforms.\u201cThese videos are fake. It is disturbing to see rampant misuse of technology. Request everyone to report videos, ads & apps like these in large numbers. Social Media platforms need to be alert and responsive to complaints. Swift action from their end is crucial to stopping the spread of misinformation and deepfakes,\" he wrote.The video shows Tendulkar promoting an app called \u2018Skyward Aviator Quest\u2019, claiming that his daughter Sara Tendulkar is making good money by playing on this application.In the video, Tendulkar appears to be sitting casually and promoting the app, but closer examination reveals that the video is fake.Tendulkar is not the first celebrity to fall victim to deepfake videos. Recently,  Infosys  (NS:INFY) founder Narayana Murthy's two new deepfake videos were shared on social media, purportedly promoting a so-called investing platform \u2018Quantum AI\u2019, claiming that the user of this new technology would be able to earn $3,000 (around Rs 2.5 lakh) on the first working day.One of the videos showed a morphed version of Murthy claiming to be working on a \u2018Quantum AI\u2019 project with tech billionaire Elon Musk.Deepfake videos of Bollywood stars like Rashmika Mandanna, Alia Bhatt, Priyanka Chopra, Katrina Kaif, etc. and politicians also went viral in recent times.--IANSshs/rad",
-        "output": "Sachin Tendulkar has become the latest victim of deepfake videos, with a fake video promoting a gaming app circulating on social media. Tendulkar has urged social media platforms to be more responsive to complaints about deepfakes, which have also targeted other celebrities and politicians.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Between the years 2013-2016, the artist & Idot;z & Ouml;ztat created four distinct bodies of work, all of which engaged aspects of water. This period was marked in Turkey by the heightened tensions around the neoliberal (re)distribution of public space and public resources, which escalated in the aftermath of the Gezi Park Protests of 2013. In this article, the author argues that, beyond its immediate critique of contemporary capitalist appropriation, & Ouml;ztat's engagement with water builds relations across time, space, and species to recall histories of the Armenian Genocide, challenging the denials of official historiography. By tapping into the linguistic, cultural, and material imaginaries of water, and learning from the present-day water protection movements, & Ouml;ztat engages the diverse histories carried across waterways. Water becomes a nexus through which the artist locates and articulates the physical and epistemic violence of modernity, particularly as it indexes community, conscience, and ecology from the late 19th century to the present.",
+        "output": "Water and fluidity in \u0130z \u00d6ztat's heterochronic imaginaries in the aftermath of genocide",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HANOI - Vietnam is set to achieve a 6% growth in its gross domestic product (GDP) for the year 2024, a target that aligns with the projections made by HSBC and the expectations of the National Assembly. The Southeast Asian nation is experiencing an economic upswing, buoyed by substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, which saw $36.6 billion registered and $23.2 billion implemented in the preceding year.The country's economic growth is being propelled by a robust services sector and a strong manufacturing base, especially in the electronics segment. This has been instrumental in cementing Vietnam's role in the global technology supply chain.China has emerged as a top investor in Vietnam's technology sector, overtaking traditional leaders like Japan and South Korea. This surge in investment is a testament to Vietnam's growing importance as a hub for tech manufacturing.Additionally, Vietnam's adoption of a global minimum tax rate of 15% for large corporations is anticipated to bolster its tax revenue streams. This move is part of a wider international effort to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a fair share of taxes.While the economic forecast is positive, Vietnam still faces challenges such as trade volatility and inflation. However, inflation is expected to remain at a moderate level, which may help stabilize the economy amidst global uncertainties.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Vietnam's GDP is projected to grow by 6% in 2024, driven by strong FDI inflows, a robust services sector, and a thriving manufacturing base, particularly in electronics. China has become a major investor in Vietnam's tech sector, contributing to its growing role in the global technology supply chain.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely employed for image Super -Resolution (SR) in recent years. Various techniques enhance SR performance by altering CNN structures or incorporating improved self-attention mechanisms. Interestingly, these advancements share a common trait. Instead of explicitly learning high-frequency details, they learn an implicit feature processing mode that utilizes weighted sums of a feature map's own elements for reconstruction, akin to convolution and non-local. In contrast, early dictionary-based approaches learn feature decompositions explicitly to match and rebuild Low-Resolution (LR) features. Building on this analysis, we introduce Trainable Feature Matching (TFM) to amalgamate this explicit feature learning into CNNs, augmenting their representation capabilities. Within TFM, trainable feature sets are integrated to explicitly learn features from training images through feature matching. Furthermore, we integrate non-local and channel attention into our proposed Trainable Feature Matching Attention Network (TFMAN) to further enhance SR performance. To alleviate the computational demands of non-local operations, we propose a streamlined variant called Same-size-divided Region -level Non-Local (SRNL). SRNL conducts nonlocal computations in parallel on blocks uniformly divided from the input feature map. The efficacy of TFM and SRNL is validated through ablation studies and module explorations. We employ a recurrent convolutional network as the backbone of our TFMAN to optimize parameter utilization. Comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that TFMAN achieves superior results in most comparisons while using fewer parameters. The code is available at https://github.com/qizhou000/tfman.",
+        "output": "Single image super-resolution based on trainable feature matching attention network",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The I-CRR was introduced to absorb excess liquidity generated due to various factors.\u201cThe Nifty has been gaining strength and is inching closer towards its life high of 19,992. With monsoon gradually improving and India set to host the G20 summit over the weekend, sentiments are buoyant and may lift the market towards its life high and 20,000-mark over the next few days,\u201d said Siddhartha Khemka, head of retail research at Motilal Oswal.The Nifty, which logged its lifetime highs on 20 July, is now less than a per cent away from a new high. The mid-and small-cap indices have already made their fresh highs.The market cap of BSE-listed companies made a new high of Rs 321 trillion (almost $3.9 trillion) on Friday.The dovish comments from Federal Reserve officials revived speculation that the central bank may keep interest rates at current levels.On Thursday, the Federal Bank of New York President, John Williams, said the US monetary policy is in a good place and is having the desired effects of bringing demand and supply more into balance and easing inflation.Williams added that the Fed has \"done a lot\" by raising interest rates significantly, and officials must calibrate policy if needed to ensure they are bringing inflation sustainably down to their 2 per cent goal.Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas President, Lorie Logan, said that an interest-rate hike at the US central bank's upcoming policy meeting may be appropriate.On Friday, Chicago Fed President, Austan Goolsbee, said we are approaching a time when the argument is not going to be how high the rates should go but how long they need to be kept at this level before one is sure we are on the path back to the inflation target.The Federal Open Market Committee lifted its benchmark rate in July to a range of 5.25 to 5.5 per cent, the highest level in 22 years, after holding it in June.Though the Fed has not ruled out the possibility of another rate increase this year, they are slowing the pace of their rate hikes.The Fed is expected to hold rates when they meet on 19-20 September.\"Markets may take a breather after the recent surge, but the tone is likely to remain positive. In case of any dip, we expect Nifty to respect 19,650 now. Since all sectors are now participating in the move, we recommend focusing on stocks, which are showing relatively higher strength within the sector,\u201d said Ajit Mishra, vice-president of technical research at Religare Broking.Two-thirds of Sensex stocks gained. HDFC Bank gained 0.8 per cent and contributed the most to Sensex gains.The Bank Nifty index rose 0.6 per cent, and the India Vix index dipped 0.85 per cent to 10.78.The market breadth was positive, with 1,983 stocks advancing and 1,711 declining on the BSE.Foreign portfolio investors were net sellers to the tune of Rs 758 crore on Friday, according to provisional data from exchanges.",
-        "output": "The Nifty is approaching its lifetime high of 19,992 due to positive market sentiments, while the Federal Reserve's dovish comments have revived speculation of interest rate stability. Foreign portfolio investors were net sellers to the tune of Rs 758 crore on Friday.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Cultural soil heritages (CSHs) are artifacts with historical, artistic, and scientific significance; however, they are vulnerable to various hazards, such as weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies. This is especially true for those CSHs exposed to the outdoors. Due to the large number of CSHs sites within China, managing and protecting these heritages with the aid of detailed on-site investigations is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, evaluating the spatial distribution and degree of hazards developed in all these heritages becomes impractical. To address this issue, this paper developed a Gaussian process classification (GPC) method to predict the spatial distribution of typical hazards (i.e., weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies) and the development level of each hazard from eight environmental factors (e.g., annual relative humidity and annual sunshine time) and a limited number of investigation data. As the number of investigation data for different levels of each hazard is usually imbalanced and sparse, this study proposed a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with GPC to form the SMOTE-GPC method. A real-world example is used to illustrate this approach. Results from real-world data demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F 1 score, precision, recall, and Cohen's kappa with values greater than 0.93 in both the training and testing datasets, indicating its good performance. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Probabilistic evaluation of cultural soil heritage hazards in China from extremely imbalanced site investigation data using SMOTE-Gaussian process classification",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The forthcoming era of quantum computers can be a threat to the conventional cryptography and data security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security under real-life conditions with several protocols over long distances in fibre and free space communication. Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are becoming a dominant technology for QKD thanks to their unique characteristics, such as a near-unity efficiency in the infrared, low dark counts and picoseconds time resolution. Where the detector is typically a weakness of QKD, these SNSPDs characteristics make exploitation difficult. In this work, we characterized NbN SNSPDs at 2.2 K, using a CW laser source at 1550 nm, varying both bias currents and input photon rates to prove their high efficiency at low dark counts with a high counting rate, consistent with the requirements for QKD over long distances or with a high secure key rate.",
-        "output": "High Performance Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors for QKD Applications",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews are viewed as the best study design to guide clinical decision-making as they are the least biased publications assuming they are well-conducted and include well-designed studies. Cochrane was initiated in 1993 with an aim of conducting high-quality systematic reviews. We aimed to examine the publication rates of non-Cochrane systematic reviews (henceforth referred to simply as systematic reviews) and Cochrane reviews produced throughout Cochrane's existence and characterize changes throughout the period.METHODS: This observational study collected data on systematic reviews published between 1993 and 2022 in PubMed. Identified Cochrane reviews were linked to data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via their Digital Object Identifier. Systematic reviews and Cochrane reviews were analyzed separately. Two authors screened a random sample of records to validate the overall sample, providing a precision of 98%.RESULTS: We identified 231,602 (94%) systematic reviews and 15,038 (6%) Cochrane reviews. Publication of systematic reviews has continuously increased with a median yearly increase rate of 26%, while publication of Cochrane reviews has decreased since 2015. From 1993 to 2002, Cochrane reviews constituted 35% of all systematic reviews in PubMed compared with 3.5% in 2013-2022. Systematic reviews consistently had fewer authors than Cochrane reviews, but the number of authors increased over time for both. Chinese first authors conducted 15% and 4% of systematic reviews published from 2013-2022 and 2003-2012, respectively. Most Cochrane reviews had first authors from the UK (36%). The native English-speaking countries the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia produced a large share of systematic reviews (42%) and Cochrane reviews (62%). The largest publishers of systematic reviews in the last 10years were gold open access journals.CONCLUSIONS: Publication of systematic reviews is increasing rapidly, while fewer Cochrane reviews have been published through the last decade. Native English-speaking countries produced a large proportion of both types of systematic reviews. Gold open access journals and Chinese first authors dominated the publication of systematic reviews for the past 10years. More research is warranted examining why fewer Cochrane reviews are being published. Additionally, examining these systematic reviews for research waste metrics may provide a clearer picture of their utility.",
+        "output": "Comparative analysis of Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews over three decades.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this era of rapid technological development, medical schools have had to use modern technology to enhance traditional teaching. Online teaching was preferred by many medical schools. However due to the complexity of intracranial anatomy, it was challenging for the students to study this part online, and the students were likely to be tired of neurosurgery, which is disadvantageous to the development of neurosurgery. Therefore, we developed this database to help students learn better neuroanatomy.MAIN BODY: The data were sourced from Rhoton's Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Neurosurgery Tricks of the Trade in this database. Then we designed many hand gesture figures connected with the atlas of anatomy. Our database was divided into three parts: intracranial arteries, intracranial veins, and neurosurgery approaches. Each section below contains an atlas of anatomy, and gestures represent vessels and nerves. Pictures of hand gestures and atlas of anatomy are available to view on GRAVEN ( www.graven.cn ) without restrictions for all teachers and students. We recruited 50 undergraduate students and randomly divided them into two groups: using traditional teaching methods or GRAVEN database combined with above traditional teaching methods. Results revealed a significant improvement in academic performance in using GRAVEN database combined with traditional teaching methods compared to the traditional teaching methods.CONCLUSION: This database was vital to help students learn about intracranial anatomy and neurosurgical approaches. Gesture teaching can effectively simulate the relationship between human organs and tissues through the flexibility of hands and fingers, improving anatomy interest and education.",
-        "output": "GRAVEN: a database of teaching method that applies gestures to represent the neurosurgical approach's blood vessels and nerves.",
+        "input": "As we theorize about philosophy of language that bears on social and political issues, it is worth revisiting the methodological question of how we as theorists rely on our philosophical and linguistic intuitions, and what assumptions underlie our justification of such a reliance. Two threads in the philosophical literature are relevant to this question: the discussion of situatedness in feminist epistemology and the debate about philosophical expertise and philosophical intuitions. I argue that philosophers examining social and political philosophy of language should be careful-perhaps more careful than we have been-when we rely on our intuitions to draw conclusions about socially significant language, such as racist, sexist, homophobic, and other derogatory speech. I don't claim we should give up relying on our intuitions. Instead, I argue that we should be more explicit that our intuitions are limited, and open to the possibility that they might not align with the intuitions of those who have more experience with the kinds of speech we are analyzing. As a result, we might find that the conclusions we draw from our intuitions have to be revised or qualified.",
+        "output": "Philosophical Intuitions about Socially Significant Language",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In his book World-Centred Education, Biesta discusses two themes fundamental for the emergence of subjectivity as a desirable existential humane state of being and for an education that aims to achieve it. The first theme is about freedom and the importance of distancing education and teaching from any act of objectifying students. The second theme concerns the world, its limitations on freedom, and its central role in educational events, which aim to help students fulfill their subjectivity. However, when he analyzes three historical cases to conceptualize and demonstrate his ideas regarding subjectivity and education as subjectification, Biesta seems to focus more on the role of the first theme than the second. This imbalance does not give the world the proper place Biesta's theory itself inspires to provide, as first and foremost expressed in the book's title. This article proposes an alternative reading of the book's theory regarding subjectivity, freedom, the world, and their interrelationships. The suggested reading gives the world a more central role in the emergence of events of subjectivity without harming freedom and thus changes how we can analyze the three cases and how to understand and generate education and teaching aiming at subjectification.",
-        "output": "Subjectivity as the Purpose of Education and Teaching",
+        "input": "Recent 3D registration methods are mostly learning-based that either find correspondences in feature space and match them, or directly estimate the registration transformation from the given point cloud features. Therefore, these feature-based methods have difficulties with generalizing onto point clouds that differ substantially from their training data. This issue is not so apparent because of the problematic benchmark definitions that cannot provide any in-depth analysis and contain a bias toward similar data. Therefore, we propose a methodology to create a 3D registration benchmark, given a point cloud dataset, that provides a more informative evaluation of a method w.r.t. other benchmarks. Using this methodology, we create a novel FAUST-partial (FP) benchmark, based on the FAUST dataset, with several difficulty levels. The FP benchmark addresses the limitations of the current benchmarks: lack of data and parameter range variability, and allows to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a 3D registration method w.r.t. a single registration parameter. Using the new FP benchmark, we provide a thorough analysis of the current state-of-the-art methods and observe that the current method still struggle to generalize onto severely different out-of-sample data. Therefore, we propose a simple featureless traditional 3D registration baseline method based on the weighted cross-correlation between two given point clouds. Our method achieves strong results on current benchmarking datasets, outperforming most deep learning methods. Our source code is available on github.com/DavidBoja/exhaustive-grid-search.",
+        "output": "Addressing the generalization of 3D registration methods with a featureless baseline and an unbiased benchmark",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BOSTON - Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings Inc. (NYSE: NYSE:DNA), a company specializing in cell programming and biosecurity, announced today that it expects to achieve its projected revenue and new program goals for the year ended December 31, 2023. According to preliminary unaudited estimates, the company is set to meet the guidance ranges previously communicated.The company reported strong growth in its biopharma customer segment, with a more than 50% increase in cell engineering revenue from this sector over the past year. Notable partnerships with industry giants such as   Pfizer   (NYSE:PFE), Novo Nordisk (NYSE:NVO),  Merck  (NS:PROR), and Boehringer Ingelheim have contributed to this growth, potentially bringing in over $1.2B in combined upfront research payments, fees, and milestone payments.Ginkgo ended 2023 with a robust financial position, having nearly $950M in cash and cash equivalents, which the company believes will support its strategic initiatives and drive towards profitability. The company also highlighted improvements in operational efficiency and plans to expand new programs while reducing operating expenses.Preliminary key performance figures for 2023 include total revenue expectations of $250M to $260M, with Cell Engineering revenue anticipated to be within the $145M to $150M range. Biosecurity revenue is projected to align with the guidance of up to $110M. Ginkgo also expects the addition of 80-85 new Cell Programs to its platform.In collaboration with Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Cloud, Ginkgo is developing AI models that incorporate its proprietary metagenomics data, which could form the basis for additional pharmaceutical partnerships in 2024.This news is based on a press release statement from Ginkgo Bioworks.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Ginkgo Bioworks expects to meet its 2023 revenue and program goals, with strong growth in biopharma customer segment and partnerships with industry giants like Pfizer and Merck, resulting in over $1.2B in potential upfront payments. The company ended 2023 with a strong financial position, nearly $950M in cash, and plans to expand new programs while reducing operating expenses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The northwestern Pacific monsoon trough (NWPMT) deeply impacts socio-economic development and human security over East Asia by supplying moisture to the summer monsoon rainfall and modulating tropical cyclone activities. However, considerable inter-model spreads in the coupled model inter-comparison project phase 6 models make the future projection of the NWPMT less reliable. Here, we find that the inter-model spread of the NWPMT change is significantly correlated with the central equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature change, and mainly determined by the equatorial thermocline sharpness in the historical simulations. According to the emergent constraint method, the central equatorial Pacific SST would warm up about 6% slower than the multi-model mean with 56% uncertainty reduced. Correspondingly, the NWPMT would slacken westward with 36% uncertainty reduced. Results here emphasize the importance of examining and reducing systematic model biases in simulating thermocline sharpness that have been overlooked in past literatures, before achieving more reliable future projections.",
+        "output": "Emergent constraint on the projected central equatorial Pacific warming and northwestern Pacific monsoon trough change",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India's weightage in MSCI's Global Standard (Emerging Markets) index will move close to 16.3%, an all-time high, from the current 15.9%, after the index provider's November review.This marks \"a significant increase over the past three years, almost doubling its weight,\" Nuvama Alternative & Quantitative Research said in a note.Foreign portfolio investors use the MSCI indexes as a gauge to allocate their passive flows.MSCI added nine Indian stocks to the index in its November review on Tuesday, with changes to come into effect from market close on Nov. 30. Post the rebalance, India's stock count will rise to 131.Indian automaker Tata Motors, cables maker Polycab India, real estate firm Macrotech Developers, IndusInd Bank and Paytm-parent One 97 Communications were among the nine stocks to be added. No Indian stocks were deleted to accommodate the new additions.According to Nuvama's calculations, India is likely to receive passive inflows of close to $1.5 billion post the rejig.IndusInd Bank, Suzlon Energy, Persistent Systems, and APL Apollo Tubes will each receive maximum inflows of $355 million, $289 million, $255 million and $228 million after the inclusion, the domestic brokerage said.MSCI added One 97 Communications and Polycab India to its India Domestic Index, an index focussed on the large- and mid-cap segments of the domestic market.Power Finance Corp, REC, IDFC First Bank, Supreme Industries and Max Healthcare Institute have been included in the domestic index.MSCI's small-cap index, which accounts for approximately 14% of the market capitalisation of Indian stocks in MSCI indexes, also witnessed an inclusion of 41 stocks while 13 stocks were excluded.",
-        "output": "India's weightage in MSCI's Emerging Markets index will increase to 16.3% from 15.9%, marking a significant rise over the past three years. The index provider added nine Indian stocks, including Tata Motors and Paytm-parent One 97 Communications, resulting in potential passive inflows of $1.5 billion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this era of rapid technological development, medical schools have had to use modern technology to enhance traditional teaching. Online teaching was preferred by many medical schools. However due to the complexity of intracranial anatomy, it was challenging for the students to study this part online, and the students were likely to be tired of neurosurgery, which is disadvantageous to the development of neurosurgery. Therefore, we developed this database to help students learn better neuroanatomy.MAIN BODY: The data were sourced from Rhoton's Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Neurosurgery Tricks of the Trade in this database. Then we designed many hand gesture figures connected with the atlas of anatomy. Our database was divided into three parts: intracranial arteries, intracranial veins, and neurosurgery approaches. Each section below contains an atlas of anatomy, and gestures represent vessels and nerves. Pictures of hand gestures and atlas of anatomy are available to view on GRAVEN ( www.graven.cn ) without restrictions for all teachers and students. We recruited 50 undergraduate students and randomly divided them into two groups: using traditional teaching methods or GRAVEN database combined with above traditional teaching methods. Results revealed a significant improvement in academic performance in using GRAVEN database combined with traditional teaching methods compared to the traditional teaching methods.CONCLUSION: This database was vital to help students learn about intracranial anatomy and neurosurgical approaches. Gesture teaching can effectively simulate the relationship between human organs and tissues through the flexibility of hands and fingers, improving anatomy interest and education.",
+        "output": "GRAVEN: a database of teaching method that applies gestures to represent the neurosurgical approach's blood vessels and nerves.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Devolution and decentralisation policies involving health and other government sectors have been promoted with a view to improve efficiency and equity in local service provision. Evaluations of these reforms have focused on specific health or care measures, but little is known about their full impact on local health systems. We evaluated the impact of devolution in Greater Manchester (England) on multiple outcomes using a whole system approach. We estimated the impact of devolution until February 2020 on 98 measures of health system performance, using the generalised synthetic control method and adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. We selected measures from existing monitoring frameworks to populate the WHO Health System Performance Assessment framework. The included measures captured information on health system functions, intermediatory objectives, final goals, and social determinants of health. We identified which indicators were targeted in response to devolution from an analysis of 170 health policy intervention documents. Life expectancy (0.233 years, S.E. 0.012) and healthy life expectancy (0.603 years, S.E. 0.391) increased more in GM than in the estimated synthetic control group following devolution. These increases were driven by improvements in public health, primary care, hospital, and adult social care services as well as factors associated with social determinants of health, including a reduction in alcohol-related admissions (-110.1 admission per 100,000, S.E. 9.07). In contrast, the impact on outpatient, mental health, maternity, and dental services was mixed. Devolution was associated with improved population health, driven by improvements in health services and wider social determinants of health. These changes occurred despite limited devolved powers over health service resources suggesting that other mechanisms played an important role, including the allocation of sustainability and transformation funding and the alignment of decision-making across health, social care, and wider public services in the region.",
-        "output": "The impact of devolution on local health systems: Evidence from Greater Manchester, England.",
+        "input": "As the highest plateau on the Earth, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced rapid warming in the last decades, affecting natural ecosystem and water resources extending far beyond the plateau itself. A distinctive characteristic known as elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in the high mountain regions was particularly pronounced in the TP, whereby the magnitude of temperature warming was amplified with increasing altitudes. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, however, the link between the root cause of warming, human activities, and the EDW remains poorly understood. Here we used the homogenized observation and simulations by the newest climate models to discern human influence on both mean and extreme temperatures within the region. An optimal fingerprinting method was applied in a vertical space rather than in traditional horizontal space. We found that the long-term trends in mean and extreme temperature amplified with increasing elevation, with larger magnitude of trends at higher elevations. The response to external forcing, primarily driven by human activities, was robustly detected in altitudinal amplification of temperature increase, providing clear evidence of human causes of EDW. As warming increases, the EDW in the region will continue, with more pronounced EDW corresponding to larger magnitude of warming under a high emission scenario. These findings mark the first evidence of human influence on temperature across different vertical altitudes of climate system.",
+        "output": "Anthropogenic influence on altitudinally amplified temperature change in the Tibetan Plateau",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.",
-        "output": "Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.",
+        "input": "Primatologist who brought animals and humans a little closer.",
+        "output": "Frans de Waal (1948-2024).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Due to rapid growth in tourism and other economic activities, several small cities and towns in the Indian Himalayan region are facing problems of unplanned construction and extended use of deteriorating old structures. Despite being in the most active zone of seismic activity, significant nonengineered construction is practiced in this region. Hence, it becomes essential to examine the existing engineered and nonengineered building typologies and assess their vulnerabilities against earthquake shaking. This study presents typical engineered and nonengineered construction practices observed through a survey of 1,009 buildings located within Mandi, a small town in the lap of the great Himalayas in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. An attempt is made to identify the typical building typologies, visible structural irregular features and their seismic vulnerability. A few building typologies predominantly prevail in the northern zone of the Indian Himalayan region are identified. Rapid visual screening (RVS) of the surveyed buildings is performed using different existing guidelines. It is observed that a substantial number of buildings with hybrid typology (stone masonry mixed with brick masonry or reinforced concrete) prevail in the study area. It is also observed that the seismic vulnerability, as per the adopted RVS guidelines, of the majority of the buildings is high, indicating urgent demand to safeguard the vulnerable built environment and develop the framework for a seismic resilient society. It is further concluded that use of region-specific vulnerability attributes can improve the segregation of buildings based on expected damage.The seismic assessment of large existing building stock through rapid visual screening (RVS) is important for preliminary evaluation. This study presents crucial insights into seismic vulnerability assessment and earthquake-resistant construction practices in the Indian Himalayan region. It identifies new building typologies, prevalent poor construction practices, and critical vulnerable attributes in the case study region. These findings hold significant practical implications for various stakeholders, including engineers, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. By understanding the ground conditions of construction practices, building typologies, and vulnerability attributes, stakeholders can develop robust RVS methodologies which accurately assess their seismic vulnerability for planning effective seismic risk mitigation strategies and promote earthquake-resistant construction practices. Identifying new building typologies will encourage future research to quantify vulnerability through numerical studies, experimental investigation, and field data.",
-        "output": "Construction Practices and Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Case Study",
+        "input": "The article explores the 'making of martyrs' at the intersection of media (especially cinema), propaganda, and body politics in Iran. Martyrs are not only highly contested bodies, but also surrounded by diverse media techniques which compete for the right to re-make these bodies and organize the visual economy of witnessing. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the cultural industry called Cinema of Sacred Defence sought to monopolize the right to make martyrs after the 1979 Revolution, pursuing a strategy of ascribing different qualities of witnessing to different media. Along films such as Ebrahim Hatamikia's Damascus Time (2018) and Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian's Standing in the Dust (2016), the article examines the new cine-martyrographies of the Sacred Defence and demonstrates how the Islamic Republic's visual propaganda machinery uses old and new digital media as 'messages' - in terms of boundary building as well as the ability to generate genuine Islamic witnessing. In contrast, counter-martyrographies - such as Shahram Mokri's Fish and Cat (2013) and Careless Crime (2020)- are explored that challenge the state's iconology of the martyr and its monopoly on (blood) testimony by depicting media techniques of witnessing that remember those who have no right to be remembered as martyrs by the state.",
+        "output": "Cine-martyrographies. Media techniques of witnessing in Iranian cinema",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Prior assessments of critical care outcomes in patients with cirrhosis have shown conflicting results. We aimed to provide nationwide generalizable results of critical care outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.METHODS: This is a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019. Adults with cirrhosis who required respiratory intubation, central venous catheter placement or both (n=12,945) with principal diagnoses including: esophageal variceal hemorrhage (EVH, 24%), hepatic encephalopathy (58%), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS, 14%) or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (4%) were included. A comparison cohort of patients without cirrhosis requiring intubation or central line placement for any principal diagnosis was included.RESULTS: Those with cirrhosis were younger (mean 58 vs. 63 years, p<0.001) and more likely to be male (62% vs. 54%, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in the cirrhosis cohort (33.1% vs. 26.6%, p<0.001) and ranged from 26.7% in EVH to 50.6% HRS. Mortality when renal replacement therapy was utilized (n=1580, 12.2%) was 46.5% in the cirrhosis cohort, compared to 32.3% in other hospitalizations (p<0.001), and was lowest in EVH (25.7%) and highest in HRS (51.5%). Mortality when cardiopulmonary resuscitation was used was increased in the cirrhosis cohort (88.0% vs. 72.1%, p<0.001) and highest in HRS (95.7%).CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients with cirrhosis requiring critical care did not survive to discharge in this U.S. nationwide assessment. While outcomes were worse than in patients without cirrhosis, the results do suggest better outcomes compared to previous studies.",
-        "output": "Critical care outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis: a United States national inpatient sample cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery.OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step.RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS.CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway.",
+        "output": "The Brazilian version of the High-Activity Arthroplasty Score: cross-cultural adaptation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Surgical illustration plays a fundamental role in the surgical field, being able to convey imagery in a more comprehensive way. However, its utility has seen a decline and being slowly replaced by photographs and 3D models. Surgeons are in a unique position that is optimum for producing surgical illustrations due to having direct contact and possesses a deep knowledge of the subject being drawn. The process of producing an illustration may also be valuable to the long-term conceptual understanding of that surgeon. This article aims to highlight the field of surgical illustration, its future potential, and act as a guide for surgeons to start illustrating.",
-        "output": "Surgical illustration: the role, the reason, and the route.",
+        "input": "Uncertainty quantification for inverse problems in imaging has drawn much attention lately. Existing approaches towards this task define uncertainty regions based on probable values per pixel, while ignoring spatial correlations within the image, resulting in an exaggerated volume of uncertainty. In this paper, we propose PUQ (Principal Uncertainty Quantification) - a novel definition and corresponding analysis of uncertainty regions that takes into account spatial relationships within the image, thus providing reduced volume regions. Using recent advancements in generative models, we derive uncertainty intervals around principal components of the empirical posterior distribution, forming an ambiguity region that guarantees the inclusion of true unseen values with a user-defined confidence probability. To improve computational efficiency and interpretability, we also guarantee the recovery of true unseen values using only a few principal directions, resulting in more informative uncertainty regions. Our approach is verified through experiments on image colorization, super-resolution, and inpainting; its effectiveness is shown through comparison to baseline methods, demonstrating significantly tighter uncertainty regions.",
+        "output": "Principal Uncertainty Quantification With Spatial Correlation for Image Restoration Problems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Certain people occupy topological positions within social networks that enhance their effectiveness at inducing spillovers. We mapped face-to-face networks among 24,702 people in 176 isolated villages in Honduras and randomly assigned villages to targeting methods, varying the fraction of households receiving a 22-month health education package and the method by which households were chosen (randomly versus using the friendship-nomination algorithm). We assessed 117 diverse knowledge, attitude, and practice outcomes. Friendship-nomination targeting reduced the number of households needed to attain specified levels of village-wide uptake. Knowledge spread more readily than behavior, and spillovers extended to two degrees of separation. Outcomes that were intrinsically easier to adopt also manifested greater spillovers. Network targeting using friendship nomination effectively promotes population-wide improvements in welfare through social contagion.",
-        "output": "Induction of social contagion for diverse outcomes in structured experiments in isolated villages.",
+        "input": "Does targeting combatants really provide a military advantage during an armed conflict? The limitations on the use of force against civilians and means and methods of warfare are well developed under contemporary international humanitarian law (IHL), but the issue of targetability of adversary combatants remains underdeveloped. This paper builds on contemporary developments in international human rights law and moral just war theory to offer a revised lex ferenda look at the basic principles of IHL through the internalization of the value of the lives of combatants. It is argued that such a reading of IHL would allow for a rejection of the automatic necessity of targeting combatants, and hence give due consideration to the value of life of combatants (both adversary combatants and own combatants) in the evaluation of the use of force during armed conflicts, including through reduced military advantage, force protection, and adjusted proportionality analysis.",
+        "output": "When you have to shoot, shoot! Rethinking the right to life of combatants during armed conflicts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The digital transformation of medical data enables health systems to leverage real-world data from electronic health records to gain actionable insights for improving hypertension care.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of outpatients of a large regional health system from 2010 to 2021. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure \u2265140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure \u226590mm Hg, or recorded treatment with antihypertension medications. We evaluated 4 methods of using blood pressure measurements in the electronic health record to define hypertension. The primary outcomes were age-adjusted prevalence rates and age-adjusted control rates. Hypertension prevalence varied depending on the definition used, ranging from 36.5% to 50.9% initially and increasing over time by 5%, regardless of the definition used. Control rates ranged from 61.2% to 71.3% initially, increased during 2018 to 2019, and decreased during 2020 to 2021. The proportion of patients with a hypertension diagnosis ranged from 45.5% to 60.2% initially and improved during the study period. Non-Hispanic Black patients represented 25% of our regional population and consistently had higher prevalence rates, higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower control rates compared with other racial and ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONS: In a large regional health system, we leveraged the electronic health record to provide real-world insights. The findings largely reflected national trends but showed distinctive regional demographics and findings, with prevalence increasing, one-quarter of the patients not controlled, and marked disparities. This approach could be emulated by regional health systems seeking to improve hypertension care.",
+        "output": "Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A novel three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial with low frequency bandgaps and negative Poisson's ratio is designed, consisting of a conventional three-dimensional reentrant structure and periodic resonators, with the aim of achieving vibration isolation and impact mitigation. The bandgap characteristic of the proposed metamaterial is determined computationally, and its dispersion diagram exhibits both partial bandgaps and a complete bandgap within a frequency band of interest. The mechanism for bandgap occurrence is characterised as the local resonance of ligaments and resonators, according to a vibration mode analysis. The wave attenuation capacity of the proposed metamaterial is derived numerically and experimentally from semi-infinite and finite-size metamaterial models, showing a good agreement with the predicted bandgap. Additionally, a thorough study on the design flexibility indicates that the bandgap characteristic can be directly tailored by changing the geometrical parameters of the proposed metamaterial. This allows further optimisation of the metamaterial for potential applications. The dynamic performance of the proposed metamaterial under an impact load is investigated by a finite element model. This demonstrates that the metamaterial reduces the transmitted force by a factor of 1.6 (for peak value) and 2.0 (for root mean square value) under a pulse impact with a duration of 0.88 ms. The impact mitigation result obtained from the impact test confirms that the metamaterial shows a mitigation capacity which is approximately 20% better than that of the conventional reentrant structure.",
-        "output": "Developing three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with tailorable bandgaps for impact mitigation",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: For the majority of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), disease management has improved in recent years. However, there are still populations underrepresented or excluded in current registries and randomized controlled trials. HERA-FIB (Heidelberg Registry of Atrial Fibrillation) was planned to assess real-world evidence for the prevalence, demographic characteristics and management of patients with the diagnosis of AF presenting consecutively to a chest pain unit.METHODS AND RESULTS: HERA-FIB is a retrospective, observational, single-center study on patients with a diagnosis of AF presenting to a chest pain unit from June 2009 until March 2020. This article describes the structure, governance, outcome assessment, quality and data collection processes of the registry. Additionally, characteristics of populations of special interest are described. The study consecutively enrolled 10222 patients presenting with AF to the chest pain unit of the University Hospital of Heidelberg. Clinical parameters and patient characteristics were assessed retrospectively. Outcome parameters included rates for all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction and major bleedings. We were able to investigate patient cohorts of special interest such as advanced chronic kidney disease, octogenarians, and those with acute coronary syndrome who are often underrepresented in current studies and randomized controlled trials.CONCLUSIONS: HERA-FIB is one of the largest real-world single-center retrospective registries on patients with AF, which captures the era of transition from vitamin K antagonists to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulation regimens in clinical practice and offers the possibility to investigate patient populations usually underrepresented or excluded in current available randomized controlled trials and registries.REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT05995561.",
+        "output": "Design, Rationale and Initial Findings From HERA-FIB on 10222 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Presenting to an Emergency Department Over An 11-Year Period.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "REHOVOT, Israel - Maris-Tech Ltd. (NASDAQ:MTEK), an edge computing AI video solutions provider, anticipates a significant revenue increase for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. The company expects gross revenues to reach at least $7M, marking a substantial rise of approximately 75% compared to its preliminary gross revenue projections for the previous year, which were estimated at $4M.This optimistic revenue projection for 2024 is supported by the company's current and expected orders, including those placed in previous years, and a strong ongoing demand for its defense and AI-powered solutions. Maris-Tech's Chief Executive Officer, Israel Bar, expressed confidence in the company's growth trajectory, citing a positive trend in demand and validation for their innovative technologies.It is important to note that these projections are based on the company's estimates and have not been audited or reviewed by its independent registered public accounting firm. As such, no form of assurance has been expressed regarding these preliminary projections, and they should not be seen as a comprehensive statement of the company's financial results for the period.The forward-looking statements included in the company's press release highlight plans and expectations for the future, subject to uncertainties, risks, and changes that are difficult to predict. Factors that could influence actual results include the company's ability to market its products effectively, customer acceptance, operational costs, competition, and regulatory compliance.This projection is based on a press release statement and has not been independently verified. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Maris-Tech Ltd. (NASDAQ:MTEK) anticipates a significant 75% increase in gross revenue to at least $7M for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, driven by strong demand for its defense and AI-powered solutions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Developing a superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic mesh membrane using an economical and eco-friendly method is still challenging to achieve high efficiency for oily wastewater separation. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to fabricate superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic PVP/ZIF-8 coatings on stainless steel (SS) mesh using a low-cost and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The prepared PVP/ZIF8@SS mesh membrane exhibited remarkable self-cleaning and anti -oil -fouling properties, along with a strong chemical robustness in extreme environments. Additionally, the mesh membrane demonstrated strong antimicrobial ability and excellent corrosion resistance property. The mesh membrane also showed promising potential in gravitational oil -water separation and oil recovery, achieving a separation efficiency of 99.0% and a water flux of 3.8 x 103 L & sdot;m-2 & sdot;h-1 for rapeseed oil -water mixtures. Importantly, the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane maintained exceptional separation efficiency, high water flux, and underwater oleophobicity properties even after undergoing 35 cycles of oil -water separations. The oil -water separation mechanism of the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane suggested that the surface of the mesh membrane contained PVP/ZIF-8 particles with a significant negative charge. These particles preferentially interacted with positively charged water, facilitating the rapid passage of water phase through the pores, while impeding the permeation of negatively charged oil phase. This research provides an effective strategy for practical applications, including marine oil spill cleanup, oily wastewater treatment, and recycling of residual cooking oil in the restaurant industry.",
+        "output": "Durable polyvinylpyrrolidone superhydrophilic modified ZIF-8 mesh membrane for gravitational oil-water separation and oil recovery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Former OpenAI CEO Sam Altman will join Microsoft to lead a new AI team, Satya Nadella said on Monday, fuelling gains in tech stocks and sending the Nasdaq to a 22-month high, up over 1 per cent.Asian markets mirrored Wall Street gains. Hang Seng and Kospi led gains in the region by rising 1 per cent each.The company is exploring a fundraising of $1 billion, including from offshore bonds, to pre-pay a bulk of its dues related to spectrum bought in 2015, reported The Economic Times.ABB and Titagarh Rail Systems have formed a partnership to supply propulsion systems for metro rolling stock projects in India. Under the agreement, Titagarh will purchase ABB propulsion systems including traction converters, auxiliary converters, traction motors, and TCMS software.The Railway Ministry has permitted IRCTC to go for long-term tenders of 7 years (5+2 years) for catering on trains, subject to satisfactory performance on completion of the initial 5-year term and through clustering of trains.The company has partnered with Indraprastha Gas to set up LNG/LCNG infrastructure within its terminals. Initially, the facilities will be installed at the Dadri (Gautam Budh Nagar) terminal of Concor.The government has appointed Vinay M Tonse as the Managing Director of the State Bank of India till November 30, 2025.Its subsidiary Mumbai Travel Retail has incorporated MTRPL Macau for bidding on the tender of duty-free liquor and tobacco shops at Macau International Airport.Tata Power Renewable Energy said it has crossed the milestone of 1.4 GW of group captive projects in its portfolio in the past seven months. With the addition of these, its overall renewables capacity hit 7,961 MW as of October.Tech Mahindra Americas has signed a collaboration deal with Neom Tech to provide digital services. It will incorporate a new subsidiary to provide product and platform development services to Neom group companies.The company has bagged a letter of intent for a project worth Rs 356.78 crore from Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.The company appointed Sanjeev Mantri as the MD and CEO for a period of five years effective Dec 1, 2023.The company said there was an accident in the Ayodhya factory as a 15MW cable caught fire. One engineer died in the incident and the factory's operations are temporarily closed",
-        "output": "Sam Altman, former OpenAI CEO, joins Microsoft to lead a new AI team, boosting tech stocks and the Nasdaq to a 22-month high. IRCTC has been permitted to go for long-term tenders of 7 years for catering on trains, subject to satisfactory performance.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study focuses on the traditional weaving technique, which has its origins in Anatolia. It is aimed to uncover the plain, twill, and satin weaving techniques within the context of computational design approaches. The objectives of this study are to analyse and decipher the weaving patterns through a computational model. The core idea of this study consists of five steps that represent a cycle of the weaving from traditional processes to digital and digital fabrication. Eight parameters are defined to integrate the weaving technique into the computational model. A computational weaving model was developed which transforms the two-dimensional pattern into a three-dimensional model. Describing weaving patterns using parameters is crucial in today's world for cultural transfer of traditional weaving. Thus, weaving techniques can be used for designing architectural elements, such as shells, panels, structural elements.",
+        "output": "Analysis of Anatolian Traditional Weaving Technique in the Context of Computational Design",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Davos, Jan 17 (IANS) RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das on Wednesday said that the Indian economy is likely to grow 7 per cent in the next financial year (2024-25) despite the global slowdown. \"Amid a challenging global macroeconomic environment, India presents a picture of growth and stability,\" Das said at a CII session on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos.\"The structural reforms undertaken by the government in recent years have boosted the medium and long-term growth prospects of the Indian economy,\" he pointed out.With a strong domestic demand, India remains the fastest growing major economy, he addedDas also said that inflation in India has come down from the high levels witnessed in the middle of 2022.\"Chances of soft landing have improved and markets have reacted positively. However, geopolitical risks and climate risks remain matters of concern,\" he said.A soft landing is a situation where the central bank does not go for a sharp increase in interest rates to control inflation in order to avoid choking economic growth.He also said that India was in a comfortable situation as far as the external balance is concerned with robust foreign exchange reserves.--IANSpannu/vd",
-        "output": "Despite global slowdown, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das predicts India's economy to grow 7% in 2024-25 due to structural reforms and strong domestic demand.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In the 1940s, Abraham Myerson's work on drinking norms in the USA was central to reorienting the approach medical and scientific experts adopted when studying and treating alcoholism. A leading psychiatrist and neurologist from Boston, Myerson argued that tensions between alcohol's ability to satisfy a pleasure-seeking drive and the rise of asceticism had generated ambivalent social attitudes, traditions and expectations towards drinking. This article explores how Myerson identified and employed social factors to uncover the relationship between ambivalent drinking norms, one's gender, ethnic or religious background, and whether one would drink to excess. In doing so, it will illuminate how Myerson's innovative efforts to highlight the role of social attitudes and traditions in alcoholism ultimately helped shape the approach of medical science to the alcohol problem.",
+        "output": "The Social Origins of Alcoholism: Abraham Myerson and the Significance of Drinking Norms in Alcohol Addiction, 1938-1946",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Fortinet    (NASDAQ:FTNT) shares were cut to Equal Weight from Overweight at Wells Fargo on Tuesday, with analysts upping the price target for the stock to $65 from $60 per share.Analysts said the downgrade is based on three factors, including SASE demand trends being off to a slow start, which is a key driver of billings, and free cash flow growth.They noted that billings growth is slowing to single digits in FY24 and may take longer to get back to double digits, while adjusted free cash flow is slowing, and the lack of operating leverage over the next two years will make it difficult to accelerate growth.\"The crux of our downgrade is our concern that the adoption of SASE is off to a slow start,\" said the analysts. \"While the pivot to SASE is the right strategy long term, we believe it will be difficult for Fortinet to compete against market leaders like Palo Alto Networks and Zscaler, both of which have a huge head start in this market.\"\"We believe our FY24 Billings estimates were too high, based on the 4Q23 demand trends we are seeing from resellers,\" explained the analysts. \"As such, we are lowering our estimates and rolling out our new FY25 estimates. Our new estimates for both FY24 and FY25 have modest growth expectations of 5.0% (FY24) and 10.4% (FY25).\"",
-        "output": "Wells Fargo downgraded Fortinet to Equal Weight due to slow SASE demand, leading to lower billings growth (5% in FY24) and adjusted free cash flow, making it difficult to accelerate growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Passenger vehicles have significant environmental concerns, accounting for approximately 52% of total CO2 emissions in the transportation sector over well to wheel period. Understanding its historical emission trends and drivers is crucial for future carbon reduction interventions. Here, an integrated analytical framework is developed, consisting of the vehicle fleet-based fuel cycle carbon emissions accounting model, Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method (LMDI) and scenario-based prediction method. The obtained results of case study in China show that: i) The annual CO2 emissions from passenger vehicles consistently increased from 228.4 Mt in 2012 to 459.9 Mt in 2022, primarily driven by income per capita and passenger vehicle ownership. ii) The reduction in vehicle fuel intensity and changes in market structure contributed to decreases in emissions of 41.6 Mt and 1.8 Mt, respectively. Moreover, the emission coefficient effect has more significant impacts in new energy vehicles (NEVs), leading to a reduction of 1.0 Mt. iii) By optimizing the market structure, 3425.8 Mt CO2 emissions could be mitigated by 2060, yielding the lowest aggregate emissions among all emission reduction strategies. iv) The adoption of advanced power technology will continue to contribute to carbon reduction till 2045. The effectiveness of the emission coefficient reduction strategy will be strengthened after 2045, leading to the lowest annual CO2 emissions of 26.0 Mt by 2060. Long-term emission curtailment will necessitate technological innovation and widespread adoption of new energy vehicles and clean electricity.",
+        "output": "The driving factors and mitigation strategy of CO2 emissions from China's passenger vehicle sector towards carbon neutrality",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK \u2013 CoinShares International Limited has announced its intention to acquire Valkyrie Funds LLC, just a day after Valkyrie's Bitcoin ETFs, including the Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund (BRRR), commenced trading on Nasdaq. This strategic move follows the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) approval of Valkyrie's exchange-traded funds (ETFs).The acquisition aims to bolster CoinShares' assets under management by incorporating funds such as BRRR and The Valkyrie Bitcoin Miners ETF (WGMI). However, the finalization of the deal is subject to the completion of due diligence, the execution of definitive legal agreements, and board consent.During the transition period, Valkyrie Funds will continue to operate independently. If the deal proceeds as planned, it is expected to create a stronger foothold for CoinShares in the digital asset management space.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "CoinShares International Limited intends to acquire Valkyrie Funds LLC, incorporating funds like BRRR and WGMI to bolster its assets under management, subject to due diligence and board consent.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Recent analyses have shown that, whereas cancer survival overall has been improving, it has not improved for adolescents and young adults ages 15-39 years (AYA). The clinical care of AYA with primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors (BT) is complicated by the fact that the histopathologies of such tumors in AYA differ from their histopathologies in either children (ages 0-14 years) or older adults (ages 40+ years). The present report, as an update to a 2016 publication from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and the American Brain Tumor Association, provides in-depth analyses of the epidemiology of primary BT in AYA in the United States and is the first to provide biomolecular marker-specific statistics and prevalence by histopathology for both primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA. Between 2016 and 2020, the annual average age-specific incidence rate (AASIR) of primary malignant and non-malignant BT in AYA was 12.00 per 100,000 population, an average of 12,848 newly diagnosed cases per year. During the same period, an average of 1,018 AYA deaths per year were caused by primary malignant BT, representing an annual average age-specific mortality rate of 0.96 per 100,000 population. When primary BT were categorized by histopathology, pituitary tumors were the most common (36.6%), with an AASIR of 4.34 per 100,000 population. Total incidence increased with age overall; when stratified by sex, the incidence was higher in females than males at all ages. Incidence rates for all primary BT combined and for non-malignant tumors only were highest for non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, whereas malignant tumors were more frequent in non-Hispanic White individuals, compared with other racial/ethnic groups. On the basis of histopathology, the most common molecularly defined tumor was diffuse glioma (an AASIR of 1.51 per 100,000). Primary malignant BT are the second most common cause of cancer death in the AYA population. Incidence rates of primary BT overall, as well as specific histopathologies, vary significantly by age. Accordingly, an accurate statistical assessment of primary BT in the AYA population is vital for better understanding the impact of these tumors on the US population and to serve as a reference for afflicted individuals, for researchers investigating new therapies, and for clinicians treating these patients.",
+        "output": "CBTRUS Statistical Report: American Brain Tumor Association & NCI Neuro-Oncology Branch Adolescent and Young Adult Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Buy BHARAT FORGE (28-DEC expiry) 1130 CALL at Rs 36 & simultaneously sell 1180 CALL at Rs 20Lot Size 500Cost of the strategy Rs 16 (Rs 8,000 per strategy)Maximum profit Rs 17,000; If BHARAT FORGE closes at or above Rs 1,180 on 28-Dec expiry.Breakeven Point: Rs 1146Risk Reward Ratio: 1:2.12Approx margin required: Rs 20,000Nandish Shah is Sr. Derivatives & Technical Research Analyst at HDFC Securities. He doesn't hold any position in the stock. Views are personal.",
-        "output": "This strategy involves buying a BHARAT FORGE 1130 CALL and selling a 1180 CALL, with a maximum profit of Rs 17,000 if the stock closes at or above Rs 1,180 on 28-Dec expiry. The cost of the strategy is Rs 16, with a breakeven point of Rs 1146 and a risk-reward ratio of 1:2.12.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Research has indicated that the attitudes of principals toward students with disabilities may affect the success of the implementation of inclusive programs in schools. This study was designed to address a gap in the research regarding Saudi principals' attitudes toward inclusion. Relationships between attitudes and a number of variables were analyzed (i.e., gender, years of experience, level of school, type of student disability, personal relationships with individuals with disabilities).METHODS AND PROCEDURE: The study sample was drawn from the 600 public general education elementary, middle, and high schools with special education programs in Riyadh (n=366 schools) and Jeddah (n=234 schools) in Saudi Arabia. Each of the principals of these schools for AY2022/2023 was sent an email invitation to participate. A total of 403 respondents (67.17% response rate) successfully completed Bailey's (2004) Principals' Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education (PATIE) scale via electronic survey link.RESULTS AND OUTCOMES: Overall, the research found that Saudi principals of public general education schools have positive attitudes toward inclusion. The factors of training in special education, personal experience with individuals with disabilities, and years of experience as principal were found to be significant in regard to more positive attitudes. Conversely, the variables of gender, level of school, and type of student disability were not found to correlate with more or less positive attitudes.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: While the findings of the study bode well for the implementation of inclusion in Saudi public schools, certain limitations exist, including that the study sample was entirely drawn from the two largest cities in the country. In addition, the Saudi Ministry of Education has created an incentive plan that provides financial bonuses to principals at public schools who implement inclusive and special education programming in their schools. This indicates that the target population of this study might be more inclined to be positive toward inclusion than their colleagues at private schools. The findings have implications for expanding special education training in university teacher education programs and the creation of public awareness programs designed to improve understanding of disabilities and how inclusion positively impacts society as a whole.",
+        "output": "Factors affecting the attitudes of principals of saudi general education public schools toward the inclusion of students with disabilities.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Equity benchmark indiceswith investor focus remaining on the RBI policy outcome today.At 7:30 am, the Gift Nifty futures were 45 points higher at 21,077 over Nifty futures\u2019 last close.In the US, the Dow rose 0.17 per cent, S&P 500 gained 0.8 per cent overnight while the Nasdaq Composite rallied 1. 4 per cent.In Asia, Nikkei in Japan was the only loser and edged 1.4 per cent lower after Q3 GDP was revised downward to a 0.7 per cent QoQ fall.Kospi was up 0.8 per cent and Hang Seng in Hong Kong was just above the flatline.The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) has set aside the order by Sebi restricting IIFL Securities from taking new clients for two years. The tribunal has also reduced the penalty imposed on the stockbroker to Rs 20 lakh from Rs 1 crore.SoftBank\u2019s investment firm SVF Growth Singapore plans to offload its remaining 93.5 million shares (1.1 per cent equity) in food delivery major Zomato on Friday. The price range for the transaction has been fixed at Rs 120-121 per share, as per reports.The company is pressing Indian officials not to lower import taxes of 100 per cent on electric vehicles and to protect domestic industry and its investors, as the government reviews Tesla's plans to enter the market, reported Reuters.The firm has\u00a0launched a QIP issue to raise up to Rs 700 crore. The floor price is Rs 976 and indicative issue price is Rs 933, as per CNBC-TV18.The board of directors will meet on December 14 to consider and approve a proposal of raising funds.The\u00a0company has received a letter of award from Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation, Mumbai for supply and maintenance of 40 Electric Buses. The contract is valued at Rs 63 crore.The company's unit Kalyani Strategic Systems proposed to acquire a majority stake in Zorya Mashproekt India, which is engaged in the development of indigenous capabilities for build-ups and repair and overhaul of all types of gas turbine engines.The company signed an MoU with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam to develop solar projects at its terminals.The company recorded toll collection of Rs 437 crore in November against Rs 366 crore in the same period last year.It has\u00a0executed a co-lending agreement with Small Industries Development Bank Of India (SIDBI) for providing loans to MSME borrowers.",
-        "output": "Indian equity benchmarks are expected to open higher today, with investors awaiting the RBI's policy outcome. SoftBank's investment firm SVF Growth Singapore plans to sell its remaining 1.1% stake in Zomato on Friday.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observations and 402 Heritage Sites. World Heritage managers assess that certain factors are both beneficial and harmful for their sites. These contradictory perceptions appear most commonly in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation (28% of the sites), ground transport infrastructure (16%) and to the Society's valuing of heritage (12%). Besides this, ambivalent perceptions are also identified for housing, commercial development, land conversion, forestry/timber production and renewable energy facilities, although to a lesser extent. Estimation results reveal that the highest degree of ambivalence occurs in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation, interpretive and sightseeing facilities and ground transport infrastructure when location and specific site characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results coincide only to some extent with the descriptive statistics. Compared to other groups of Cultural World Heritage Sites (cultural landscapes, religious sites and other sites) managers of cities have a significantly lower probability of perceiving the different factors as harmful. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phases of a new admission interaction between collaborating pediatric residents and fellows; to explore trainee perspectives on motivating and demotivating qualities of that interaction; and to identify behaviors that lead to an optimal new admission interaction.METHODS: The authors used modified grounded theory with experiential learning theory and self-determination theory as sensitizing concepts to conduct 6 focus groups and journey mapping at Stanford Children's Health from January to March 2021. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two authors independently coded the transcripts and developed categories and themes using constant comparison, while a third author reviewed these findings. The qualitative data were triangulated with surveys and journey mapping dataand conceptualized into a model of trainee motivation during the new admission interaction. They outlined an optimal new admission interaction using behaviors consistently described by participants as motivating.RESULTS: Developing inter-trainee trust and educational buy-in is essential for both residents and fellows to feel intrinsically motivated and engaged during a new admission. Residents need to feel autonomous, competent, and related to the team in order to develop trust and buy-in. Fellows require assurance of patient safety to develop trustand a sense of self-efficacy in fostering resident growth to develop buy-in. Lack of trust or buy-in from either party leads to a cycle of trainee disengagement.CONCLUSIONS: Trainee motivation and engagement with patient care can be impacted by discreet, modifiable behavior by their fellow or resident counterpart, which may help improve the quality of care delivered.",
-        "output": "We've Got a New One-Exploring the Resident-Fellow New Admission Interaction and Opportunities for Enhancing Motivation.",
+        "input": "This study analyses an eastern mirror with a central loop, related to the Berjozovka-Carnuntum-M & ouml;dling type, which was recently discovered in Secuieni, Bac & abreve;u County, Romania. Such mirrors, common among nomadic tribes, have been found mainly in the northern Caucasus and north, north-west of the Black Sea. It is thought that the nomads of Central Asia adopted them due to their frequent interactions with China. The mirrors made their way to Europe during the Migration Period, accompanying the eastward advance of the Alans and Hunnic tribes. Notably, they were found mainly in the Middle and Lower Danube region in the 5(th) century AD. Most of these mirrors were recovered from the graves of women, often with artificially deformed crania, buried with prestigious objects (such as large silver fibulae with semi-circular plates, Adlerfibeln, gold diadems, granulated earrings, beads, etc.). Only 12 such mirrors have been documented in Romania, and only one in the region of Moldavia (Romania, Region between Eastern Carpathians and Prut) in fragmentary form. The recent discovery of a mirror at Secuieni is therefore of great archaeological value, shedding light on the archaeological landscape of the Migration Period east of the Carpathians and far beyond, as far as China.",
+        "output": "Reflections in time: Migration Period mirror recently found east of the Carpathians",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the atmospheric environment has seriously threatened human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important source of aerosol ARGs. A large WWTP, including sewage treatment process (SWP) and sludge treatment process (SDP), was selected in North China for sampling in this study. The content of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial genera in sewage/sludge and aerosols from different process stages was detected. The possible correlation between ARGs/ MGEs and bacteria was analyzed. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated and the diffusion of ARGs/MGEs was simulated. The results showed that the concentration of ARGs/MGEs varied as the process progressed, and which in the aeration tank was relatively high. The ARGs/MGEs content in SWP aerosol (8.35-163.27 copies/m3) was higher than that in SDP (5.52-16.36 copies/m3). The main ARGs/MGEs detected in SWP aerosol were tnpA-05, tnpA-04, and ermF, while the main ARGs/MGEs detected in SDP aerosol were sul1, ermF, and blaPAO. ARGs were positively correlated with most bacteria and Escherichia coli with ARGs carries higher cytotoxicity. ARGs/MGEs mainly diffused towards the southeast, which may cause harm to urban residents with the diffusion of aerosols. This study provides clues and theoretical basis for preventing the hazards of ARGs from WWTP sources.",
-        "output": "Change characteristics, bacteria host, and spread risks of bioaerosol ARGs/MGEs from different stages in sewage and sludge treatment process.",
+        "input": "Foliar functional traits are essential for understanding plant adaptation strategies and ecosystem function. Due to limited in-situ observational data, there is a growing interest in upscaling these traits from field sites to regional and global levels. However, limitations persist: (1) global/national scale upscaling that relies on plant functional type (PFT) maps, environmental variables or coarse resolution multispectral images, which fail to capture localscale trait variability; (2) airborne imaging spectroscopy that enables high-resolution and accurate mapping but is restricted to site scale and is costly; and (3) multispectral satellites like Sentinel-2 that offer global coverage but have limited spectral bands and resolution. While previous research has demonstrated the connection between traits and vegetation phenology, our study seeks to build upon this foundation by further exploring the integration of phenological information for large-scale trait prediction. We examined the integration of Sentinel-2 data with its time series (for phenology information) to map 12 foliar functional traits across 14 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites in the eastern United States. Our results show that time-series Sentinel-2 models effectively capture the variance in these 12 traits (R2 = 0.60-0.80) when compared with benchmark trait data generated by state-of-the-art airborne imaging spectroscopy. The models adequately capture considerable trait variations observed within sites and PFTs. Our approach outperforms existing methods that rely on environmental variables, or a single Sentinel-2 image as predictors across examined NEON sites in eastern United States. Interestingly, including environmental variables in our models does not significantly improve predictive power. Further analysis reveals that a 'fast-slow' principal axis predominantly explains the covariation in Enhanced Vegetation Index amplitude (a proxy for leaf longevity), leaf mass per area, and leaf nitrogen content across PFTs. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating phenological information for trait mapping and suggests a potential mechanism underlying these spectra-based models. Our proposed method, which simultaneously achieves high accuracy, large-scale scalability, and high spatial resolution, represents a promising avenue for future global trait mapping. Validation on a larger scale to fully realize its potential in addressing fundamental ecological questions will be a key future focus.",
+        "output": "Spectra-phenology integration for high-resolution, accurate, and scalable mapping of foliar functional traits using time-series Sentinel-2 data",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "This article was created with the help of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more details, refer to our T&C.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
+        "output": "Research note: Virtual historical archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Mass capture of small fishes with a variety of nets, traps, and weirs was widely practiced and economically important across East Polynesia at western contact. Archaeological research, however, has suggested these technologies were less important during the early settlement period and gained prominence over time. Several explanations have been proposed, including resource depression, changes in marine environments, and/or social and economic reorientations. In the Marquesas Islands, pelagic and offshore fishes were historically well represented in early assemblages relative to most Polynesian islands. Here we report on fishbone assemblages from Nuku Hiva Island that were recovered with fine mesh screens, identified using a wide range of skeletal elements, and analysed with morphometric methods. The Hakaea Beach results demonstrate that mass capture of small fishes was especially important at this locality and sustained over three early, successive occupations. These patterns may reflect the nature of the local fisheries, preferential use of high-return capture strategies in this reef-limited setting, and/or purposeful avoidance of ciguatera-prone fishes and a preference for less vulnerable fishes. Overall, our findings highlight geographic variation in early Marquesan fisheries and provide archaeological evidence that mass capture technologies had an important place in the maritime toolkits of the earliest East Polynesian fishers.",
-        "output": "Mass capture fishing in the Marquesas Islands",
+        "input": "This article contributes to the growing historical literature on the 'first globalization' (1815-1913) and income inequality in countries that exported agricultural products. International market integration is expected to increase the demand for exports and therefore their prices. We estimate the effects of increased prices from international market integration on national welfare and income inequality between and within regions in three major exporters of agricultural products-British India, Colonial Indonesia, and the United States-using the prices of eleven key primary commodities. Market integration significantly increased aggregate welfare, but the gains were unevenly distributed. Producing regions gained up to nearly 6% of their GDP. Since the regions that made most welfare gains were also the poorest in their countries, market integration mitigated inequality between regions. Within the southern United States and Java, plantation owners obtained most gains, causing a substantial increase in inequality between persons.",
+        "output": "Globalization, welfare, and inequality: Evidence from transoceanic market integration, 1815-1913",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PORTLAND, Ore. -   Columbia Sportswear   Company (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:COLM), a leader in outdoor and active lifestyle apparel, is scheduled to disclose its fourth quarter financial results for 2023 on Thursday, February 1, 2024, after the market closes at approximately 4:00 p.m. ET. Following the release, at 4:15 p.m. ET, the company's Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Jim Swanson, will provide a detailed commentary on the financial outcomes. This commentary will be available on the SEC's Form 8-K and on the company's investor relations website.Interested parties can access the call by dialing 888-506-0062 or by tuning into the live webcast on the Investor Relations section of Columbia Sportswear's website, where it will remain accessible until February 1, 2025.Columbia Sportswear, established in 1938 and headquartered in Portland, Oregon, is renowned for its innovation in apparel, footwear, accessories, and equipment for outdoor activities. The company's product portfolio is sold in roughly 90 countries worldwide and includes not only the Columbia\u00ae brand but also other owned brands such as Mountain Hardwear\u00ae, SOREL\u00ae, and prAna\u00ae.This announcement is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Columbia Sportswear Company (NASDAQ: COLM) will release its fourth quarter financial results for 2023 on February 1, 2024, after the market closes at approximately 4:00 p.m. ET, followed by a conference call at 4:15 p.m. ET.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: In 2020, a group of 30 stakeholders from Latin America established 15 criteria for a diagnostic technologies value framework (D-VF) to help assess and inform decisions on diagnostic technologies. This article aims to present the operationalization, piloting, and initial validation of the framework for its implementation.METHODS: This work was carried out collaboratively with a variety of stakeholders. Three sequential phases were undertaken: (1) operationalization of the D-VF through a literature search for conceptual definitions and assessment tools, (2) piloting of the D-VF through a rapid health technology assessment document applying the methodology of the framework, and (3) a face validation process conducted through a virtual workshop, where usefulness and implementation aspects of the framework were assessed.RESULTS: The operationalization of the framework was conducted, and a methodological user guide was published. The D-VF criteria were applied in a health technology assessment document on human papilloma virus testing in cervical cancer screening. Also, an open-access training program was developed. Stakeholders agreed on the usefulness of the D-VF for assessment and decision-making stages of diagnostic technologies. However, they highlighted the need to improve technical capacities and the potential for added complexity when applying a D-VF with many criteria. The absence of an established value framework for diagnostic technologies in Latin America and the potential for strengthening technical capacities made the project valuable to those involved.CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic technologies value framework was shown to be fit for implementation in real-life decision-making settings after the operationalization, piloting, and initial validation phases. Further experiences are important to support its implementation.",
+        "output": "Toward the Implementation of a Value Framework for Diagnostic Technologies: Operationalization, Piloting, and Validation in Latin America.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Indian shares ended higher on Wednesday, helped by stronger energy stocks on the back of falling oil prices, although gains were limited by declines in financials and information technology (IT) stocks.The NSE Nifty 50 index closed 0.19% higher at 19,443.50, while the S&P BSE Sensex rose 0.05% to 64,975.61.Energy and oil & gas rose 0.42% and 0.78%, respectively, as oil prices remained under pressure and continued to slip on waning demand in China and the U.S. [O/R]Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd rose 3.06% and was the top Nifty 50 gainer, while Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd climbed 7.48%, helped by strong quarterly results.In contrast, both financial services and IT fell over 0.2%, after having risen more than 2% each over the last four sessions.\"India's strong macroeconomic fundamentals, stable corporate earnings, rising retail inflows, and increasing participation of domestic investors indicate positive construct for domestic equities,\" said Santosh Pandey, president and head of Nuvama Professional clients group.While the Nifty could witness consolidation for the next few sessions after the recent rise, the outperformance in small- and mid-caps will continue, aided by retail inflows, two analysts said.Small- and mid-caps have gained 37% and 28% in 2023 so far, compared to 7.4% rise in the Nifty.\"There is no selling pressure in broader market since the ongoing foreign portfolio investors' selling is confined to mostly large-caps,\" said VK Vijayakumar, chief investment strategist at Geojit Financial Services.Small-caps rose 0.70% and hit a record high, while mid-caps gained 0.99%.Pharma index rose 1.48%, led by post-earnings rally in Alkem Laboratories and Lupin following U.S. FDA approval for key drugs.Real estate stocks jumped 1.52%, powered by 5.28% post-earnings surge in Prestige Estate Projects.",
-        "output": "Indian shares closed higher on Wednesday, with energy stocks leading the gains due to falling oil prices, while financials and IT stocks declined. The Nifty 50 index rose 0.19% to 19,443.50, while the Sensex gained 0.05% to 64,975.61.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with \u22655,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.",
+        "output": "Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Trace metal soil contamination poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems, necessitating thorough investigation and management strategies. Researchers have increasingly utilized advanced techniques like remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), geostatistical analysis, and multivariate analysis to address this issue. RS tools play a crucial role in collecting spectral data aiding in the analysis of trace metal distribution in soil. Spectroscopy offers an effective understanding of environmental contamination by analyzing trace metal distribution in soil. The spatial distribution of trace metals in soil has been a key focus of these studies, with factors influencing this distribution identified as soil type, pH levels, organic matter content, land use patterns, and concentrations of trace metals. While progress has been made, further research is needed to fully recognize the potential of integrated geospatial imaging spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis for assessing trace metal distribution in soils. Future directions include mapping multivariate results in GIS, identifying specific anthropogenic sources, analyzing temporal trends, and exploring alternative multivariate analysis tools. In conclusion, this review highlights the significance of integrated GIS and multivariate analysis in addressing trace metal contamination in soils, advocating for continued research to enhance assessment and management strategies.",
-        "output": "Mapping soil trace metal distribution using remote sensing and multivariate analysis.",
+        "input": "Political conflicts or geopolitical tensions can create uncertainty in addressing climate change and environmental management in the Arctic. Dissecting how actors interact with each other and form networks is important for understanding ecological and environmental management challenges during geopolitical tensions, as well as promoting better governance. We construct transboundary networks for Arctic climate change governance (ACCG) from 2013 to 2021 based on the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT). Further, we used network descriptive statistical analysis and Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models (TERGM) to explore the structure of ACCG networks and the key factors influencing cooperation formation. The findings suggest that the overall cooperation density of the ACCG is low, and the dominant position of core actors is continuously strengthening. Non-state actors are less likely to be seen as partners and their participation depends largely on cooperation with states. The results also show that actors with similar stances and problem exposure are more likely to cooperate, but those exposed to high latitudes often choose not to cooperate; first-comers are more likely to perceive as cooperating yet they are inclined to establish internal cooperation. Additionally, two geographically proximate actors are more likely to cooperate. This indicates that under geopolitical tensions, the ACCG faces challenges not only due to the limited capacity of non-state actors to perform transboundary functions but also because the cooperation mechanisms are influenced by regional political logic. Accordingly, we further suggest policy recommendations from developing binding international frameworks to guide transboundary cooperation, enhancing cooperation among non-state actors, and ensuring the representativeness and fairness of non-Arctic actors' participation. This research provides insights into transboundary environmental management under political tensions, while also offering new pathways for analysing large-scale environmental governance structures.",
+        "output": "Transboundary cooperation in Arctic climate change governance under geopolitical tensions.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Given environmental contribution of individuals' behavioral change, this study explored how hikers' pro-environmental behavior can be facilitated. The theoretical model incorporated the restorative quality of natural trails as an external environment, hikers' place affect and their pro-environmental behavior. This study used a mixed research approach to test this model, which involved developing measurement items for the restorative quality of nature trails and analyzing survey data from 361 hikers. The analysis showed that the restorative quality of natural trails induced place affect, which increased place-specific pro-environmental behavior. Mediating effect of place affect and moderating function of daily environmental practices were identified.",
-        "output": "Role of restorative natural environments in predicting hikers' pro-environmental behavior in a nature trail context",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Delivering difficult news to families is an essential but challenging skill. Pediatric trainees report limited confidence in this skill and perform poorly in simulation. We implemented the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Resilience Curriculum and evaluated performance and self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.METHODS: The AAP Resilience Curriculum, using the SPIKES (Set-up, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, and Summary) framework, was taught to pediatric fellows. Fellows' performance during simulations with standardized patients before and after curriculum implementation was scored with a SPIKES checklist. Pre- and post-test surveys assessed self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.RESULTS: Fellows (n=19) significantly improved their performance in delivering difficult news, increasing the median SPIKES checklist scores from 78% to 90% completion (P<0.001). Pediatric fellows (n=35) reported improved confidence from 3.4/5 to 3.9 (P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric fellows demonstrated significant improvement in their ability to deliver difficult news during a simulated patient encounter and reported increased self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.",
+        "output": "Resilience Curriculum Improves Skills of Pediatric Fellows in Delivery of Difficult News.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A strong performance in the September quarter, upward revision in margin guidance and sustained momentum in US sales helped the stock of pharmaceutical major Cipla to gain 1.6 per cent in trade on Monday. Brokerages have upgraded the earnings estimates for FY24\u00a0 by 6-9 per cent to factor in the improved margin guidance and sales in the US market.Led by the US market, which rose by 31 per cent, the company posted a 16 per cent growth in revenues. The US market accounted for 28 per cent of sales. US revenues at $229 million were its highest ever in",
-        "output": "Cipla's stock rose 1.6% due to strong Q3 performance, upward margin guidance revision, and sustained US sales momentum, leading to a 6-9% upgrade in FY24 earnings estimates by brokerages. The US market, which grew by 31%, contributed 28% to sales, with revenues reaching a record $229 million.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Under what conditions do incumbents succeed in curtailing programs benefitting large constituencies of low-income voters? We undertake a within-country comparison of four highly popular cash transfer policies in Brazil in the 2010s. Our contribution is threefold. First, we refine the concept of policy drift by distinguishing executive-driven drift (resulting from incumbents' decisions) from opposition-driven drift (resulting from the veto power of welfare opponents). The latter results from the dispersion of authority; the former is favored by its concentration. Second, we show that executive-driven drift is a successful strategy when programs give incumbents discretion over entitlement and benefits, meaning authority to make unilateral decisions. Third, we argue that executive-driven drift explains retrenchment outcomes better than partisan orientation, size of program's clientele, and fiscal impacts. Incumbents were more successful in their retrenchment initiatives when concentration of authority in the executive branch allowed them to bypass legislative and judicial veto points.",
+        "output": "When incumbents successfully retrench big and popular social policies: policy design matters",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper delves into the realm of green restaurants, which seamlessly combine environmentally conscious practices with culinary excellence. It scrutinized 106 reputable hospitality and tourism articles using systematic literature review methods. The analysis, featuring descriptive examination and topic modeling, revealed significant developments in green restaurant research and highlighted their potential to address sustainability challenges. Employing an adapted TCCM framework (Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology), the review suggests new research directions, placing a heightened focus on the characteristics aspect to align academic insights with global priorities and industry requirements. This promotes actionable and collaborative strategies for eco-friendly restaurants.",
-        "output": "Sustainability \u00e0 la carte: A systematic review of green restaurant research (2010-2023)",
+        "input": "This paper examines one aspect of the legacy of the Value-Free Ideal in conservation science: the view that measurements and metrics are value-free epistemic tools detached from ideological, ethical, social, and, generally, non-epistemic considerations. Contrary to this view, I will argue that traditional measurement practices entrenched in conservation are in fact permeated with non-epistemic values. I challenge the received view by revealing three non-epistemic assumptions underlying traditional metrics: (1) a human-environment demarcation, (2) the desirability of a people-free landscape, and (3) the exclusion of cultural diversity from biodiversity. I also draw a connection between arguments for retaining traditional metrics to scientific colonialism, exemplified by a fortress conservation model. I conclude by advocating for abandoning the myth of the intrinsic value-freedom of measurement practices and embracing metrics aligned with societal and scientific goals.",
+        "output": "Metrics in biodiversity conservation and the value-free ideal",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Nearly 53 per cent of traders in the Futures and Options (F&O) segment of the stock market make decisions based on the mentions on social media and YouTube videos, and the advice of family and friends, according to a pan-India survey by Sharekhan with Kantar.The report titled \u2018Serious about the markets\u2019 found that only 10 per cent of the traders did their analysis.Over 40 per cent of the newbie traders claimed they entered the F&O segment for making quick and easy money, while 48 per cent believed 30-40 per cent of the people make consistent \u2018good returns\u2019.The assumption of 30 per cent to 40 per cent of respondents making good returns is in sharp contrast to the findings by the market regulator, which states that 9 out of 10 investors lose their money in the derivatives or the F&O segment.Following the findings of the study conducted by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, stockbrokers were mandated to show risk-related disclosures to investors and traders.Additionally, 55 per cent of the respondents surveyed said they buy more to average out their losses in F&O trades.",
-        "output": "A survey by Sharekhan and Kantar revealed that 53% of F&O traders rely on social media, YouTube, and personal advice for trading decisions, despite only 10% conducting their own analysis. Over 40% of new traders enter the F&O segment seeking quick profits, despite evidence suggesting that 90% of investors lose money in derivatives.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Based on a field survey, data on 724 loess seismic landslides induced by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake were acquired. The relationships between the landslide distribution, seismic intensity, epicentral distance, and original slope angle were analyzed to better understand the geometrical, directional, and kinematic characteristics of loess seismic landslides. The results indicate that (1) the seismic intensity and epicentral distance, which are essential factors controlling the spatial distribution of loess landslides induced by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake, are significantly correlated with the landslide scale. (2) The original slope angle of seismic landslides is generally moderate, and the dominant angle ranges from 10 to 25 degrees. (3) The main sliding directions of the landslides are concentrated in the ranges of 30 to 40 degrees, 180 to 190 degrees, and 250 to 260 degrees. The correlation between the main sliding direction of the landslides, the original slope aspect, and the relative epicenter azimuth demonstrates that the propagation direction of seismic waves and the original slope aspect influence the main sliding direction of landslides. (4) The equivalent friction coefficient (mu) of these landslides is between 0.07 and 0.67, with an average value of 0.25. The empirical relationships of kinematic characteristics suggest that these landslides are characterized by significant scaling effects, low slope angles, and long sliding distances. The findings of our study are worthy for use in engineering applications and will pave the way for additional studies into the mechanism and risk assessment of loess seismic landslides.",
+        "output": "Distribution and characteristics of loess landslides induced by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake based on a field survey",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with \u22655,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.",
-        "output": "Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.",
+        "input": "Synthesizing research on wisdom and a real-world practitioner intervention, we develop and test a strategy for presenting political views that fosters cross-partisan respect. This strategy of balanced pragmatism combines two aspects of wise reasoning: balancing multiple interests and seeking pragmatic solutions. Studies 1-5 (N = 2,846) demonstrate that participants respected outgroup political elites more when they used balanced pragmatism versus other forms of messaging. Studies 6-8 (N = 671) extend the usefulness of balanced pragmatism to everyday political disagreements: cross-partisan comments about divisive issues (i.e., guns and immigration) generated more respect when they used balanced pragmatism versus logical analysis. Strikingly, people were as willing to discuss politics with opponents who used balanced pragmatism as they were with ingroup members. Balanced pragmatism appears to improve cross-partisan respect by making opponents seem more moral and rational. Results highlight connections between political psychology and wisdom research and illustrate the fruitfulness of scientist-practitioner collaborations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
+        "output": "Using balanced pragmatism in political discussions increases cross-partisan respect.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Indian sovereign bonds, coming off the best annual performance in three years, are poised for further gains on expectations that their upcoming inclusion in a global bond index will lure big foreign inflows.The benchmark 10-year sovereign yield fell 15 basis points last year, the most in three years. It\u2019s expected to slide by more than 30 points by the end of 2024 from 7.22 per cent on Wednesday, according to the median estimate in a Bloomberg survey.Here are charts showing the state of play in the Indian bond market:Foreigners bought $8.4 billion of local bonds last year, the most in six years. Investors have been particularly drawn to the index-eligible Fully Accessible Route, or FAR bonds, which were created by authorities to allow full foreign ownership in certain securities.The instrument drew over 350 billion rupees of purchases since the index announcement in September last year.Bets of rate cuts by the central bank may also spur more bond investments in the country, according to traders.The Reserve Bank of India is expected to start cutting interest rates earlier than anticipated in response to the Federal Reserve\u2019s accelerated easing cycle, according to Goldman Sachs Group Inc. The RBI\u2019s two previous rate-cut cycles showed that a rally in government bonds preceded actual cuts, according to ICICI Direct Research.\u201cIf we see 50-75 basis points of rate cuts by the year end, the 10-year yield could reach 6.50 per cent by the end of the year,\u201d said Pankaj Pathak, portfolio manager at Quantum Asset Management Co.The federal budget for the next fiscal year, which is due early February, is likely to be prudent as Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has said no major announcements should be expected. The statement helped ease worries over extra spending ahead of general elections that are expected in April or May.The supply of government bonds, on a net basis, is expected to decrease by around 1.6 trillion rupees over the next two years, Quantum Asset Management said.\u201cThe demand-supply dynamic is not an immediate concern as the interim budget in February is unlikely to throw up a surprise in the borrowing number for next year,\u201d said Badrish Kulhalli, head of fixed income at HDFC Life Insurance Co.Higher demand from long-term investors, such as insurers and pension companies, also should drive prices higher, said Gaura Sen Gupta, economist at IDFC FIRST Bank Ltd. The demand for bonds will outstrip supply in the coming fiscal year by 900 billion rupees, she said.",
-        "output": "Indian sovereign bonds are expected to gain further due to their upcoming inclusion in a global bond index, attracting foreign inflows and bets on rate cuts by the central bank. The benchmark 10-year sovereign yield is projected to fall by over 30 basis points by the end of 2024, driven by demand from long-term investors and a decrease in government bond supply.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Design education in Australia is still largely dominated by Westphalian perspectives, values, histories and ways of learning. The focus on Euro-western aesthetics, technologies, timelines and processes marginalises other identities, cultures and places. This signals to students that they should internalise, value and master dominant narratives, knowledges and ways of designing. Responding to this legacy, this article details the development of an intersectional and transformative framework to guide pedagogy for design education futures. Drawing from intersectional, student-centred and transformative learning theories, we argue that students can develop self-awareness and critical evaluation skills through understanding and designing within their own histories and cultures. In applying our framework, we reflect on how we developed a communication design history curriculum that centres on previously marginalised designers and prioritises pluralistic work that comes out of diverse cosmologies, perspectives and points of view. Early results demonstrate that offering spaces for students to connect design to their own intersectional identities increases self-reflection and belonging, while engaging students to contribute new knowledges and perspectives to design history than we have had in the past. We hope this framework contributes to design education moving towards and respecting expanded ways of thinking, seeing and teaching design.",
+        "output": "Acknowledging Identity and Intersectionality-A Transformative Framework for Design Education Futures",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - Shares of Nuix Ltd experienced a significant decline today following the company's pre-market announcement of its half-year financial performance. The update revealed a substantial 17% increase in Annual Contract Value (ACV), reaching $199 million. Despite the growth in ACV, Nuix is bracing for a fall in statutory EBITDA of up to 19%, primarily due to hefty legal expenses stemming from an ASIC Federal Court hearing.The technology firm, however, conveyed some positive financial aspects, including a robust underlying cash flow. At the end of the period, Nuix reported a strong cash position, holding $24 million and maintaining a debt-free status. The underlying EBITDA is forecasted to lie in the range of $27 to $29 million. This projection points to the company's financial resilience and its commitment to continue strategic investments, even in the face of legal challenges.Investors reacted to the mixed financial signals, focusing on the potential impact of the legal costs on the company's profitability. As a result, Nuix's stock value witnessed a sharp downturn in today's trading session. The market's response underscores the weight that legal uncertainties can have on investor sentiment, even when a company demonstrates areas of financial growth and stability.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Nuix Ltd.'s shares fell today after the company reported a 17% increase in ACV to $199 million but a potential 19% drop in statutory EBITDA due to legal expenses. Despite a strong cash position of $24 million and a forecasted underlying EBITDA of $27-$29 million, investors reacted negatively to the legal uncertainties.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Numerous jurisdictions have recently raised the age of retirement or plan to do so. Pressure to extend people's working lives is due to population aging, which makes it harder to fund retirement through existing methods. Raising the retirement age can improve the 'dependency ratio' by increasing the fraction of the population that works (and pays taxes) relative to the fraction retired. This article gives sustained attention to connecting the case for retirement with one view about wellbeing, according to which old age is subject to distinctive goods. The importance of being able to access these goods in old age favours an eventual exit from labour market participation that retirement provisions enable. This view is stronger than one that treats retirement as merely a safety net to enable people to stop work only when advanced aging makes it unreasonably burdensome. At the same time, the view likely does not justify status quo retirement ages, meaning that some increase to the retirement age might be defensible. The article also seeks to illuminate ways in which different aspects of population aging - in particular the distinction between dependency ratios and inequalities in longevity - bear differently on the wider debate about justice and retirement.",
+        "output": "Population Aging and the Retirement Age",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "How did Louis Pasteur, born in a small town in the Jura-Dole, still little known to the world today, become a man of global recognition and fame? The answer to this question is guided by two pivotal considerations. First is Pasteur's relationship to the representation of reality. This relationship was seeded and steadily developed since his juvenile years through practicing different forms of artistic expression, the most famous of which were subtle pastels portraying Pasteur's parents and neighbors. This genuine attraction towards art gradually became scientificized at the same time, when new means of reproducing the reality were invented, such as photography. The second consideration, critical to understand the phenomenon of Pasteur's celebrity, is a strong linkage of his research with nature-based agricultural production. Here again, deeply rooted in his youth and home environment, permeated with the taste of wine and the smell of tanned leather, Pasteur's interests necessitated the processes of communication, not only at the scientific level, but also on a daily life basis, with numerous social actors at play (ferments, silkworms etc.). Throughout his work, Pasteur had to provide himself with the means to set up these interdisciplinarity and communication. The final result was the Pasteur Institute, or rather the Pasteur Institutes and the global Pasteur network.",
-        "output": "Louis Pasteur, a child of the Jura, a man for the world.",
+        "input": "After the Notre-Dame de Paris (NDP) Cathedral fire, a structural analysis was undertaken to provide decision support for architects in charge of diagnosis and repair operations. Due to the potential impact of the results on the renovation project, calculations on the vaults and walls of the monument were compared to increase their reliability. This article presents the 3 modelling strategies implemented: 2 discrete blockto-block 3D approaches (DEM and FEM) and 1 continuum 3D approach (FEM). The assumptions common to the 3 approaches are presented. They mainly concern the geometrical model, the thermal actions and a diagnosis methodology called the working point method, previously used by the authors on other Gothic vaults. Comparisons of the results with each other and with on-site deflection measurements should lead to validation of the calculation strategies. The analysis will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the computational approaches and propose research perspectives. Future developments concern the determination of models of homogenized thermomechanical behaviour of masonry and the development of a new hybrid calculation tool taking advantage of the continuum and discontinuum approaches detailed in this article. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "A multi-model structural analysis of the vaults of Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral after the 2019 fire and a proposal for a hybrid model merging continuum and discrete approaches",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) Iconic cricketer Sachin Tendulkar has become the latest celebrity to fall victim to a deepfake video.On Monday, Tendulkar took to the micro-blogging site X, informing that his deepfake video promoting a gaming application is circulating on social media platforms.\u201cThese videos are fake. It is disturbing to see rampant misuse of technology. Request everyone to report videos, ads & apps like these in large numbers. Social Media platforms need to be alert and responsive to complaints. Swift action from their end is crucial to stopping the spread of misinformation and deepfakes,\" he wrote.The video shows Tendulkar promoting an app called \u2018Skyward Aviator Quest\u2019, claiming that his daughter Sara Tendulkar is making good money by playing on this application.In the video, Tendulkar appears to be sitting casually and promoting the app, but closer examination reveals that the video is fake.Tendulkar is not the first celebrity to fall victim to deepfake videos. Recently,  Infosys  (NS:INFY) founder Narayana Murthy's two new deepfake videos were shared on social media, purportedly promoting a so-called investing platform \u2018Quantum AI\u2019, claiming that the user of this new technology would be able to earn $3,000 (around Rs 2.5 lakh) on the first working day.One of the videos showed a morphed version of Murthy claiming to be working on a \u2018Quantum AI\u2019 project with tech billionaire Elon Musk.Deepfake videos of Bollywood stars like Rashmika Mandanna, Alia Bhatt, Priyanka Chopra, Katrina Kaif, etc. and politicians also went viral in recent times.--IANSshs/rad",
-        "output": "Sachin Tendulkar has become the latest victim of deepfake videos, with a fake video promoting a gaming app circulating on social media. Tendulkar has urged social media platforms to be more responsive to complaints about deepfakes, which have also targeted other celebrities and politicians.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Diarrhea caused by Salmonella and Shigella species are the leading cause of illness especially in developing countries. These infections are considered as the main public health problems in children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species in Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia from August 05 to November 15, 2022.METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 under-five children with diarrhea selected through a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect associated factors. A stool sample was collected and processed for the identification of Salmonella and Shigella species using MacConkey adar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (Oxoid Ltd) and Biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 22 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was assessed using bivariate, multivariable, and chi-square and P-value<0.05 was considered as statistical significance.RESULT: Overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.7-6.9%), of which 3.8% (95 CI, 3.2-4.4%) were Salmonella species and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.95-3%) were Shigella species. Unimproved water source (AOR=5.08, 95% CI=1.45, 17.25), open field (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.3, 5.03), rural residence (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.4, 7.5), Hand-washing practice (p=0.001), and raw meat consumption (p=0.002) were associated with occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella species. Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to Ampicilin (100%). However, Salmonella isolates was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100%). About 22.2% and 16.7% of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were multi-drug resistant, respectively.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species were lower than most studies done in Ethiopia. Hand-washing habit, water source type, Open field waste disposal habit, raw meat consumption and rural residence were associated with Salmonellosis and shigellosis. All isolated Salmonella were sensitive to norfloxacin. The evidence from this study underscores the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system and the imperative to implement drug susceptibility tests for the treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infection.",
+        "output": "Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 U.K. equities were lower at the close on Monday, as losses in the Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking and General Retailers sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in London, the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 were Flutter Entertainment PLC (LON:FLTRF), which rose 2.82% or 360.00 points to trade at 13,150.00 at the close.  Admiral Group  PLC (LON:ADML) added 1.67% or 43.00 points to end at 2,625.00 and  Tesco  PLC (LON:TSCO) was up 1.25% or 3.70 points to 300.60 in late trade.Biggest losers included  Burberry  Group PLC (LON:BRBY), which lost 5.72% or 73.50 points to trade at 1,212.00 in late trade.  Ocado Group  PLC (LON:OCDO) declined 5.09% or 33.20 points to end at 619.00 and Lloyds Banking Group PLC (LON:LLOY) shed 2.57% or 1.16 points to 43.83.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 1145 to 916 and 376 ended unchanged on the London Stock Exchange. In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was up 0.32% or 6.60 to $2,058.20 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in March fell 0.62% or 0.45 to hit $72.34 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract fell 0.52% or 0.41 to trade at $77.88 a barrel.GBP/USD was unchanged 0.16% to 1.27, while EUR/GBP unchanged 0.14% to 0.86.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.17% at 102.32.",
-        "output": "The Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43% on Monday, led by losses in Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking, and General Retailers sectors. Burberry Group PLC and Ocado Group PLC were among the biggest losers, while Flutter Entertainment PLC and Admiral Group PLC gained.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Exposure to cigarette smoke introduces a large amount of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs. So, smoking can be a risk factor for many diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of active and passive cigarette smoke on the blood lipid profile and dyslipidemia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5052 individuals who participated in the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between smoking exposure status and lipid profiles.RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal HDL-C, abnormal total cholesterol (TC), abnormal triglyceride (TG), and dyslipidemia were 254 (5.00%), 562 (11.10%), 470 (9.30%), 1008 (20.00%), and 1527 (30.20%), respectively. Adjusting for confounders, it was observed that current smokers had higher odds of having abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 2.90 (2.28-3.69)], abnormal TG [OR (95% CI), 1.71 (1.38-2.13)] and dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI), 1.86 (1.53-2.25)]. Ex-smokers also had greater odds of abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 1.51 (1.06-2.16)] compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to cigarette smoke.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that current smokers had higher TG and lower HDL. So, necessary measures should be taken to reduce smoking. The findings also showed that the prevalence of abnormal TG and HDL in ex-smokers was lower than in current smokers. Therefore, the existence of incentive policies to quit smoking seems necessary.",
+        "output": "Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - The Australian dollar experienced a notable decline today, slipping below the US66 cents mark amid a broader strengthening of the US dollar. In corporate news, Coles announced a leadership change, with Jeff Kennett stepping down and Jenny Linsten set to take over the reins on February 15th.In the United States, major stock indexes saw a downturn in performance. The S&P 500 fell by 0.4%, the Dow Jones Industrial Average by 0.6%, and the Nasdaq Composite by 0.2%. The aviation sector made headlines as   Spirit Airlines   (NYSE:SAVE)' shares took a hit of 47.09% following the suspension of its merger plans with JetBlue due to disagreements over the deal's pricing. Conversely, JetBlue's stock enjoyed an uptick of 4.91% despite the merger setback.Further impacting market sentiment,  Morgan Stanley  (NYSE:MS)'s shares declined by 4.16% after the company reported significant legal expenses. Investors are also looking ahead to potential Federal Reserve rate cuts, with expectations of a decrease as soon as March, causing Treasury yields to drop.Boeing (NYSE:BA) also faced challenges in the market due to safety concerns stemming from an incident with an Alaska Airlines jet, resulting in a decrease in its stock value.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The Australian dollar fell below 66 US cents due to a stronger US dollar, while Coles announced a leadership change with Jenny Linsten taking over as CEO on February 15th. In the US, major stock indexes declined, with Spirit Airlines shares plummeting 47.09% after its merger with JetBlue was suspended due to pricing disagreements.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Mental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21-35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.",
+        "output": "Psychological implications of unemployment among higher educated migrant youth in Kolkata City, India.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "During the Early Holocene, northern China witnessed revolutionary changes, such as the emergence of sedentary lifestyles, the domestication of animals and plants, the spread of pottery making, and a radical restructuring of social relationships. During this period, the avifauna became an increasingly significant component of the diversified small game resources. This paper presents the results of a study of remains of pheasants, assigned to Phasianinae, recovered at the Xiaogao site in Shandong Province, northern China. The data show that the occupants of Xiaogao seasonally hunted predominantly male pheasants and systematically butchered them. They became familiar with the ecology and ethology of pheasants, and they were able to consciously and purposefully intensify the utilization of pheasants to a maximum foraging efficiency. Animal exploitation behaviors are manifestations and results of niche-construction efforts by human societies. This emphasizes humans' capacity to actively exploit wild animal and plant resources and modify the environment and ecosystem to produce stable and sustainable subsistence economies.",
-        "output": "Intensive exploitation of pheasants at the Early Holocene site of Xiaogao in Northern China",
+        "input": "This article offers a systematic concept analysis of place identity, a concept central to place branding, suffering from conceptual confusion. The study provides an overview of related terminology, theoretical foundations, conceptualizations, and associated operationalizations of place-related identity concepts. Building on identity theory and a thematic analysis of measurement items gathered, a framework conceptualizing place-related identity elements is proposed, distinguishing between different dimensions of identification. Results show a range of cognitive, affective, and conative and evaluative elements of place identity/identification and applicable testable sub-dimensions. Findings show how different labels have been applied to identify what appear to be conceptually equivalent constructs. Potential links between elements, outcomes, and related concepts are discussed and recommendations for measurement approaches, construction of measurement scales, and future research are presented. Results highlight the need for research in the area to exert stringency when applying the terms in their research and to carefully define and delineate concepts when gathering data and reporting results.",
+        "output": "The multidimensionality of place identity: A systematic concept analysis and framework of place-related identity elements",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Coastal seas are important pools of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) discharged from land. Considering the complex conditions in coastal seas and various biochemical features of POPs, special temporal-spatial variations in POPs have been reported. To understand these variations, we developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem-POP coupled model and applied it to the Yellow Sea. We selected two POP species (polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)), which have different biochemical properties, as target materials. The dissolved PCB-153 simulated concentration was high in late spring and low in autumn, whereas that of BDE-209 was high in summer and low in winter. Both PCB-153 and BDE-209 showed high particle-bound concentrations in early spring. In summer, dissolved PCB-153 accumulated at the sea bottom, whereas dissolved BDE-209 accumulated at the sea surface. Seasonal and spatial variation differences in the two POPs are likely caused by greater Henry's Law Constant (H') and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PCB-153 than that of BDE-209, which leads to higher volatilization and stronger absorption by the particles for PCB-153 than BDE-209. As a component of such differences, the biological pump of PCB-153 in the central Yellow Sea is more apparent than that of BDE-209.",
-        "output": "Effect of hydrodynamic and ecosystem conditions on persistent organic pollutant temporal-spatial variations in the Yellow Sea.",
+        "input": "The Caribbean & Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO) is an archaeological data community designed to integrate published biogeochemical data from the Caribbean, Mesoamerica, and southern Central America to address questions about dynamic interactions among humans, animals, and the environment in the region over the past 10,000 years. Here we present the CAMBIO human dataset, which consists of more than 16,000 isotopic measurements from human skeletal tissue samples (delta 13C, delta 15N, delta 34S, delta 18O, 87Sr/86Sr, 206/204Pb, 207/204Pb, 208/204Pb, 207/206Pb) from 290 archaeological sites dating between 7000 BC to modern times. The open-access dataset also includes detailed chronological, contextual, and laboratory/sample preparation information for each measurement. The collated data are deposited on the open-access CAMBIO data community via the Pandora Initiative data platform (https://pandoradata.earth/organization/cambio).",
+        "output": "The Caribbean and Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Polycab India slipped 5 per cent to Rs 5,365 on the BSE in Friday's intraday trade, on the back of heavy volume, on report that the Income Tax (I-T) teams are conducting searches at over 50 locations of the company across India.The BSE said the Exchange has sought clarification from Polycab India with reference to news. The reply is awaited.According to reports, the investigation wing of the Income Tax Department conducted searches at nearly 50 locations linked to Polycab India in Mumbai on Friday. The residences and offices of the top management linked to the firm were also being raided, the report added.At 12:51 PM, Polycab was trading 4 per cent lower at Rs 5,379, as compared to 0.42 per cent decline in the S&P BSE Sensex. Trading volumes on the counter more-than-doubled today with a combined nearly 1.3 million equity shares of Polycab having changed hands on the NSE and BSE.The stock had hit a record high of Rs 5,722.90 on December 14. Thus far in calendar year 2023, the market price of Polycab has more-than-doubled, zooming 109 per cent. It has zoomed nearly 11 times against its issue price of Rs 538 per share. The company had debuted on April 16, 2019.Polycab manufactures and sells cables & wires (C&W), and fast moving electric goods (FMEG) products. It also executes limited engineering, procurement, and construction projects. It has 25 manufacturing facilities across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu and Daman.",
-        "output": "Polycab India shares fell 5% on Friday due to Income Tax searches at 50 locations, including top management residences and offices. The stock has more than doubled in 2023, reaching a record high of Rs 5,722.90 on December 14.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Monitoring plants' responses to water deficit using remote sensing still faces large uncertainty, mostly due to the inaccurate characterization of plants' physiological responses. Solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) contains information on plants' physiological processes which regulates the energy partitioning after solar radiation is absorbed by chlorophyll, providing new opportunities to monitor plant response to drought stress. However, the drought-induced physiological, biochemical, and structural changes are strongly coupled, hindering the mechanistic understanding of drought impacts on plants. Here, using tower-based observations of SIF together with high spectral resolution reflectance measurements, we derived the time series of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by canopy, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence efficiency using two radiative transfer model -based decomposition methods, and evaluated their responses to two consecutive dry spells at a tall-grass prairie site in the USA (34 degrees 59 ' 05.0 '' N, 97 degrees 31 ' 20.6 '' W). We observed a robust signal of afternoon depression based on the fluorescence efficiency estimates during the second dry spell, which had much lower soil moisture than the first one. The strong decline in fluorescence efficiency in the afternoon was likely caused by the high temperature and atmospheric dryness when the soil was dry. Such a direct physiological response contributed to 14.4% to 36.0% of seasonal variation of afternoon SIF, depending on the decomposition method used. Sustained water stress also caused lagged responses. Despite the subsequent rainfall after the dry spell, we observed a continued decline of SIF due to the lagged decline of chlorophyll content and green canopy coverage. Our study demonstrates the use of continuous SIF measurements to understand the development of drought effects on plants, and highlights the importance of afternoon SIF measurements for physiological stress detection.",
+        "output": "Immediate and lagged vegetation responses to dry spells revealed by continuous solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence observations in a tall-grass prairie",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Buoyed by the ongoing rally in domestic equities, the market capitalisation (mcap) of BSE-listed firms surged to a fresh record of Rs 320.94 lakh crore on Friday.The BSE Sensex jumped 333.35 points or 0.50 per cent to settle at 66,598.91.Since August 31, the benchmark index has rallied 1,767.5 points or 2.72 per cent.Helped by the encouraging trend in domestic equities, the market capitalisation of BSE-listed companies jumped to a new all-time high of Rs 3,20,94,202.12 crore.\"Benchmark indices once again defied the weak Asian and European markets trend to post solid gains for the sixth straight session, as lack of opportunity in key economies is prompting investors to increase their bets on India.\"Investors are increasing exposure to stocks of companies that are likely to play a major role in boosting the economy going ahead,\" said Amol Athawale, Vice President - Technical Research at Kotak Securities Ltd.From the Sensex pack, NTPC, Tata Motors, Larsen & Toubro, Bajaj Finserv, Bharti Airtel, HDFC Bank, Reliance Industries, Titan, Power Grid and State Bank of India were the major gainers.ITC, UltraTech Cement, Tech Mahindra, Tata Steel, Wipro, Tata Consultancy Services and JSW Steel were among the laggards.\"Markets extended rally for the sixth straight session despite weak global cues, as investors remained optimistic about India's strong growth prospects going ahead,\" said Prashanth Tapse, Senior VP (Research), Mehta Equities Ltd.In Asian markets, Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai and Hong Kong ended in the negative territory. European markets were trading lower. The US markets ended on a mixed note on Thursday.In the broader market, the BSE midcap gauge climbed 0.92 per cent and smallcap index gained 0.43 per cent.Among the indices, realty jumped 2.13 per cent, capital goods climbed 1.51 per cent, power (1.48 per cent), oil & gas (1.43 per cent), consumer durables (1.35 per cent) and energy (1.33 per cent).Commodities, FMCG, and IT were the laggards.",
-        "output": "The market capitalization of BSE-listed firms reached a record high of Rs 320.94 lakh crore on Friday, driven by a rally in domestic equities, with the Sensex gaining 333.35 points to close at 66,598.91. The rally was supported by investor optimism about India's strong growth prospects, despite weak global cues.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.",
+        "output": "Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The bivalve mollusk Iphigenia brasiliensis, locally known as tarioba, is an important fishing resource exploited along the coast of Maranha similar to o. Despite its socioeconomic relevance to numerous shellfish communities on the Amazon coast, little information is available on this species. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic profiles and traditional local knowledge of I. brasiliensis fishermen working on Maranha similar to o Island. For this purpose, 106 guided interviews were conducted with workers selected using the snowball method in the four municipalities of the region: Sa similar to o Luis, Raposa, Paco do Lumiar, and Sa similar to o Jose ' de Ribamar. The results showed that shellfish gatherers are predominantly young men with reasonable education and low income who start practicing the activity early, are influenced by family and friends, and have traditional knowledge verticalized between generations. In the region, three methods of capturing mollusks were identified: diving, using hands and feet, and with the support of a stick, with subsistence being the main demand for the activity. Dozens of mollusks are marketed in natura, with prices varying between municipalities, and processing is conducted only by the final consumer.",
-        "output": "Traditional knowledge and socioeconomic aspects of small-scale bivalve fishing on the Amazon coast: A case study of Iphigenia brasiliensis on the Island of Maranhao",
+        "input": "The dispersal and development of pastoralism during the Bronze Age profoundly influenced human livelihoods and adaptability to diverse environments in northwestern China. Although diachronic changes in the composition of animal resources have been discussed, the specific utilization form of these resources remains unclear due to the lack of age-class and sex ratio data for inferring population structure. Here, we report new zooarchaeological data from the Haizang site dated between 4000 and 3500 cal. yr BP in an oasis in northwestern China's Hexi Corridor. The 7092 identified animal remains are dominated by sheep/goat (53.44%) and cattle (15.61%), supplemented by pig (11.96%) and wildlife (11.11%), representing the largest animal remains assemblage in this area thus far. The mortality age profiles of sheep/goat and cattle remains show that domesticated ruminants were utilized for multiple purposes, implying the introduction of livestock utilization knowledge alongside these species. During this stage, the reliance of local subsistence on ruminant pastoralism was geographically varied in and around the Hexi Corridor, although these areas shared similar Qijia cultural phenomena. We argue that ancient inhabitants of Haizang took a more ruminant-focused and multipurpose animal utilization strategy, which alleviated the survival pressure caused by colder and drier climate in the global context of '4.2 ka BP event' and underpinned local social development. The acceleration of trans-regional exchange across Eurasia during the early Bronze Age provided the paramount material and knowledge for this transformation.",
+        "output": "Multipurpose animal utilization underpinned early Bronze Age subsistence of an oasis in an arid area of northwestern China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Pesticides and fertilisers are frequently used and may co-exist on farmlands. The overfertilisation of soil may have a profound influence on pesticide residues, but the mechanism remains unclear. The effects of chemical fertilisers on the environmental behaviour of atrazine and their underlying mechanisms were investigated. The present outcomes indicated that the degradation of atrazine was inhibited and the half-life was prolonged 6.0 and 7.6 times by urea and compound fertilisers (NPK) at 1.0mg/g (nitrogen content), respectively. This result, which was confirmed in both sterilised and transfected soils, was attributed to the inhibitory effect of nitrogen fertilisers on soil microorganisms. The abundance of soil bacteria was inhibited by nitrogen fertilisers, and five families of potential atrazine degraders (Micrococcaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Bryobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae) were strongly and positively (R >0.8, sig <0.05) related to the decreased functional genes (atzA and trzN), which inhibited hydroxylation metabolism and ultimately increased the half-life of atrazine. In addition, nitrogen fertilisers decreased the sorption and vertical migration behaviour of atrazine in sandy loam might increase the in-situ residual and ecological risk. Our findings verified the weakened atrazine degradation with nitrogen fertilisers, providing new insights into the potential risks and mechanisms of atrazine in the context of overfertilisation.",
-        "output": "Nitrogen fertiliser-domesticated microbes change the persistence and metabolic profile of atrazine in soil.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Globally, depression is a leading cause of disease-related disability among women. In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), the prevalence rate of antepartum depression is estimated to range between 15% and 57% and even higher in adolescent antepartum women. Although a number of studies have shown that depression is common in adolescent pregnancies and has a prevalence rate between 28% and 67% among adolescent mothers, there currently exists no literature on depression among adolescent pregnant women in Ghana. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of antepartum depression and identify the factors associated with it among pregnant adolescent women.METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was adopted by randomly recruiting 220 adolescent pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics in five selected health facilities in five communities in the Assin North District of Ghana. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data analysis was performed using Stata version 14. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. A chi-square analysis was conducted to identify the association between independent and dependent variables. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the independent variables that were significantly associated with the dependent variable. In all analyses, p-values\u22640.05 were deemed statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval.RESULTS: The results indicated prevalence of depression was 38.6% using the EPDS cut-off \u226513. Respondents who were cohabiting were less likely to experiencing antepartum depression compared to those who were single (AOR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.64, p=0.001). Also, Respondents who had completed Junior High School had a lower likelihood of experiencing antepartum depression compared to those who had no formal education (AOR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.76, p=0.019). Respondents who perceived pregnancy-related items to be costly had higher odds of experiencing antepartum depression (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.02-4.12, p=0.042). Lastly, adolescent pregnant women who reported that pregnancy-related items are costly were likely to experience antepartum depression compared to those who did not report such costs (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.20-3.75, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight the importance of a multi-pronged strategy for combating antepartum depression in adolescents and improving the overall health and well-being of pregnant adolescents. Considering that adolescence is a transitional period occasioned by several bio-psycho-social challenges, setting up systems to ensure that young girls are motivated and supported to stay in school will enhance their economic prospects and improve their standards of life while providing psycho-social support will benefit their health and general well-being.",
+        "output": "Prevalence and factors associated with antepartum depression among adolescent women in the assin north district of Ghana: a cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Citigroup analysts have adjusted their outlook on Netflix (NASDAQ:NFLX), moving the streaming giant's rating from \"Buy\" to \"Hold\" amid concerns about its future revenue growth and profit margins.The decision, released today, is rooted in apprehensions regarding escalating content costs and the uncertainty surrounding the company's stock repurchase plans.The analysts project that Netflix's spending on content will surge to approximately $20.4 billion by 2025, a substantial increase that could potentially strain the company's finances. This anticipated rise in expenses casts doubt on Netflix's ability to expand its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) margin over the next two years.Despite the downgrade, it's notable that Netflix's stock has experienced considerable growth over the past year. The company's performance has been strong, but Citigroup's analysis suggests caution due to the financial challenges that lie ahead. The focus for investors and analysts alike will now be on how Netflix manages its content budget and whether it can maintain its growth trajectory amid these cost pressures.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Citigroup downgraded Netflix from \"Buy\" to \"Hold\" due to concerns about escalating content costs ($20.4 billion by 2025) and uncertainty surrounding stock repurchase plans, potentially straining finances and limiting EBIT margin expansion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Objectives: To investigate communication clarity and understanding at the time of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis and whether they can influence patient engagement and compliance.METHODS: Consecutive PDAC patients were enrolled at the time of diagnosis after obtaining informed consent in a single-center study. The patients completed a validated scale (PHE-s), and the understanding rate was assessed using standardized tools. Patient compliance was evaluated, and the correlation between the PHE-s, understanding, and compliance was calculated.RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled (15 female) with a mean age 64.4, 13 were metastatic. The mean visit time was 31min, being longer if visiting doctor was an oncologist (p=0.002). The engagement level was high in 70% of the patients, and all but one were compliant. The analysis of doctor-patient interactions showed a median of 121 conversational turns for doctors, 75 for patients, and 20 for caregivers (p<0.0001), and the median percentage of speaking time was 77% for doctors, 13% for patients, and 2% for caregivers (p<0.0001). Female caregivers spent more time speaking than did male caregivers (median 11.6% vs. 1.3%; p=0.06). There were 290 instances of problematic understanding, most of which occurred during the taking of patients' personal medical history for doctors, while for patients and caregivers, these occurred mainly during the discussion of diagnosis/treatment (p<0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, only origin from central or southern Italy was associated with high engagement (p=0.0087).CONCLUSION: In this first attempt to measure clarity of communication and engagement in patients with PDAC, typical features of conversation and problematic understanding emerged, which deserves further investigation.",
+        "output": "Communication, understanding and engagement of patients with pancreatic cancer at time of diagnosis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Morgan Stanley  (NYSE:MS) shares fell more than 3% on Tuesday after reporting its latest quarterly results, topping revenue expectations.The bank reported Q4 EPS of $0.85, while revenue for the quarter came in at $12.9 billion, above the $12.7 billion reported a year ago and the consensus estimate of $12.79 billion.Morgan Stanley's pre-tax income for the fourth quarter included $535 million of charges, with $286 million related to an FDIC special assessment and a $249 million legal charge related to a \"specific matter\".In addition, full-year net revenues were $54.1 billion compared with $53.7 billion a year ago.For the full year, the bank's wealth management division delivered revenues of $26.3 billion and added net new assets of $282 billion. Furthermore, its investment management division reported full-year revenues of $5.4 billion, while assets under management increased to $1.5 trillion.\u201cIn 2023, the Firm reported a solid ROTCE against a mixed market backdrop and a number of headwinds,\" said Ted Pick, Morgan Stanley's CEO. \"We begin 2024 with a clear and consistent business strategy and a unified leadership team. We are focused on achieving our long-term financial goals and continuing to deliver for shareholders.\u201dReacting to the report, analysts at Goldman Sachs said the results were largely in line with expectations. However, they noted that trading revenue was worse than expected, 6% below the Street and 3% above 4Q19 levels, on sequentially lower FICC and lower Equities.\"We expect investor focus on: 1) GWM trends, in terms of net flows vs. margin sustainability; 2) timing capital markets normalization, given the strong investment banking results but weaker trading; 3) updated targets, with long-term guidance largely unchanged,\" the analysts wrote, maintaining a Buy rating and $105 price target on the stock. Meanwhile, analysts at Jefferies maintained a Buy rating and $107 price target on MS, stating that excluding the legal charge, the bank's EPS was closer to $0.98. \"NNA equaled +4% annualized growth and deposit levels increased +$2B q/q,\" they noted.",
-        "output": "Morgan Stanley's Q4 revenue of $12.9 billion exceeded expectations, but its EPS of $0.85 fell short due to charges including a $249 million legal charge. Despite headwinds, the bank's wealth management division added $282 billion in net new assets, and its investment management division saw assets under management increase to $1.5 trillion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medical trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows) are playing an active role in the development of new curricular initiatives; however, examinations of their advocacy efforts are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of trainees advocating for improved medical education on the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.METHODS: In 2022-23, the authors conducted an explanatory, sequential, mixed methods study using a constructivist paradigm to analyze the experiences of trainee advocates. They used descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data collected through surveys. Participant interviews then yielded qualitative data that they examined using team-baseddeductive and inductivethematic analysis. The authors applied Kern's six-stepapproach to curriculum development as a framework for analyzing and reporting results.RESULTS: A total of 24 participants completed the surveys, of whom 12 volunteered to be interviewed. Most survey participants were medical students who reported successful advocacy efforts despite administrative challenges. Several themes were identified that mapped to Steps 2, 4, and 5 of the Kern framework: Utilizing Trainee Feedback related to Needs Assessment of Targeted Learners (Kern Step 2);Inclusion related to Educational Strategies (Kern Step 4); and Obstacles, Catalysts, and Sustainability related to Curriculum Implementation (Kern Step 5).CONCLUSIONS: Trainee advocates are influencing the development and implementation of medical education related to the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. Their successes are influenced by engaged mentors, patient partners, and receptive institutions and their experiences provide a novel insight into the process of trainee-driven curriculum advocacy.",
+        "output": "Trainee advocacy for medical education on the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities: a sequential mixed methods analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Between 1898 and 1940, eight human cases of diphyllobothriasis were reported in Argentina, always in recently arrived European immigrants. In 1982, the first autochthonous case was detected, and since then, 33 other autochthonous cases have been reported, totaling 42 cases of human diphyllobothriasis in Argentina before the present study. Our aim is to update the information on diphyllobothriasis in Argentina by identifying specimens from new cases using morphometrical and/or molecular methods. We also aim to assess the epidemiological relevance of this food-borne disease in the country. Anamnestic data were obtained from patients or professionals, along with 26 worms identified using morphometrical (21 samples) and molecular techniques (5 samples). All the patients acquired the infection by consuming freshwater salmonids caught in Andean lakes in Northern Patagonia. Morphometrics and DNA markers of worms were compatible with Dibothriocephalus latus. In total, 68 human cases have been detected in Argentina, 60 of which were autochthonous. The human population living North-western Patagonia, whose lakes are inhabited by salmonids, is increasing. Similarly, the number of other definitive hosts for Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (gulls) and for D. latus (dogs) is also increasing. In addition, salmonid fishing and the habit of consuming home-prepared raw fish dishes are becoming widespread. Therefore, it is to be expected that diphyllobothriasis in Argentina will increase further.",
-        "output": "Human diphyllobothriasis in Argentina: assessing the epidemiological significance from historical records and reports of new cases.",
+        "input": "The paradigm of values adopted by the global health community has a palpable, albeit often unseen, impact on patient health care. In this Viewpoint, we investigate an inherent tension in the core values of medical ethics and clinical practice that could explain why paediatric health care faces resource constraints despite compelling economic and societal imperatives to prioritise child health and wellbeing. The dominant narrative in the philosophy of medicine tends to disproportionately underscore values of independence and self-determination, which becomes problematic in the context of paediatric patients, who by their very nature epitomise vulnerability and dependence. A double-jeopardy situation arises when disadvantaged children see their inherent dependence leveraged against them. We illustrate this predicament through specific examples relating to rights and obligations and to autonomy. Alternative value perspectives-communitarianism and relational autonomy-might offer more robust protection for vulnerable children. A shift away from the dominant narrative towards a more explicit and inclusive discussion of values is necessary. Such a shift requires giving a legitimate platform to diverse perspectives, with the presumption that collective moral progress is possible; this endeavour is embodied by global bioethics. Successful implementation of global bioethics, in turn, hinges on close collaboration between practicing clinicians and bioethicists. Taking global bioethics seriously and actively pursuing collaboration could help the global health community achieve more equitable health care.",
+        "output": "The importance of global bioethics to paediatric health care.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity represent critical modifiable determinants in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the long-term impact of prior overweight/obesity on the risk of CMD in later life remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between longitudinal transition of body mass index (BMI) status and incident CMD.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 57493 CMD-free Chinese adults from the Kailuan Study. BMI change patterns were categorized according to the BMI measurements obtained during the 2006 and 2012 surveys. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of transitions in BMI with overall CMD events and subtypes, with covariates selected on the basis of the directed acyclic graph. During a median follow-up of 7.62years, 8412 participants developed CMD. After considering potential confounders, weight gain pattern (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23-1.46]), stable overweight/obesity (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.00-2.24]), and past overweight/obesity (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.59-1.89]) were associated with the incidence of CMD. Similar results were observed in cardiometabolic multimorbidity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure explained 8.05% (95% CI, 5.87-10.22) and 12.10% (95% CI, 9.19-15.02) of the association between past overweight/obesity and incident CMD, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: A history of overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of CMD, even in the absence of current BMI abnormalities. These findings emphasize the necessity for future public health guidelines to include preventive interventions for CMD in individuals with past overweight/obesity.",
-        "output": "Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Ideal Weight Adults With History of Overweight/Obesity in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.",
+        "input": "Emotion recognition plays an essential role in human-human interaction since it is a key to understanding the emotional states and reactions of human beings when they are subject to events and engagements in everyday life. Moving towards human-computer interaction, the study of emotions becomes fundamental because it is at the basis of the design of advanced systems to support a broad spectrum of application areas, including forensic, rehabilitative, educational, and many others. An effective method for discriminating emotions is based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data analysis, which is used as input for classification systems. Collecting brain signals on several channels and for a wide range of emotions produces cumbersome datasets that are hard to manage, transmit, and use in varied applications. In this context, the paper introduces the Empatheia system, which explores a different EEG representation by encoding EEG signals into images prior to their classification. In particular, the proposed system extracts spatio-temporal image encodings, or atlases, from EEG data through the Processing and transfeR of Interaction States and Mappings through Image-based eNcoding (PRISMIN) framework, thus obtaining a compact representation of the input signals. The atlases are then classified through the Empatheia architecture, which comprises branches based on convolutional, recurrent, and transformer models designed and tuned to capture the spatial and temporal aspects of emotions. Extensive experiments were conducted on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) public dataset, where the proposed system significantly reduced its size while retaining high performance. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and suggest new avenues for data representation in emotion recognition from EEG signals.",
+        "output": "Spatio-Temporal Image-Based Encoded Atlases for EEG Emotion Recognition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The overwhelming view at the Street is that the S&P 500 (SPX) underwent a cyclical correction in 2022 within a longer-term secular bull market. In 2023, it transitioned to a cyclical bull market within the same secular bull market, according to BofA technical analysts.As of entering 2024, the S&P 500 is positioned in mid-cycle cyclical and secular uptrends, analysts said in a note. Various factors, including scenario analysis, election year seasonality, a significant base from 2022-2023, and the roadmap of the secular bull market, indicate potential longevity for the S&P 500 at 5000+ levels in 2024. \u201cThe SPX was up 24.2% in 2023 after dropping 19.4% in 2022. Investors want to know: Can the SPX make it two up years in row and rally again in 2024? The answer is yes,\u201d analysts said.\u201cThe SPX is up 86% of the time on an average return of 13% in years following an up year (2023) after a down year (2022).\u201d This indicator sees the SPX trading at 5300-5400 at the end of 2024.\u201cThe 2022-2023 cup and handle and our secular bull market roadmap charts also suggest that the SPX spends some time above 5000 in 2024.\u201d The significant base, resembling a cup and handle pattern, points to potential future targets at 5200 and 5600, with a strong foundation above the 4600 level, according to BofA. The rising 40-week moving average (MA) around 4400 and the ascending 200-week MA around 4000 serve as indicators of the mid-cycle cyclical and secular bullish trends. Given that 2024 is an election year, analysts note that the Presidential Cycle Year 4 has solid returns. However, they also noted that \u201cthe SPX can struggle in early Year 4 given lackluster January through May returns in Presidential Election years.\u201dOverall, the SPX tends to show solid returns in Presidential election years.",
-        "output": "BofA analysts predict the S&P 500 (SPX) to continue its cyclical bull market within a secular bull market in 2024, potentially reaching levels above 5000 due to factors such as historical trends, technical indicators, and election year seasonality.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Computation of piled-raft interaction effects based on boundary element method (BEM) achieves high accuracy. However, it's not preferred, due to the impractical requirement for huge computational time. In this paper, a simplified coding technique which is generally applicable to any BEM application is demonstrated for pile-soilpile interaction problems. The proposed simplified technique is based on parallel computing to optimize computational performance. Three parallel computing approaches have been developed in order to take full advantage of the computer's power. The approaches are based on CPU Multithreading, GPU Multithreading, and a hybrid system that combines both. The approaches have been tested on five machines with different hardware (CPU, GPU, and Memory) configurations to analyze four practical examples with different load cases, geometric details, interaction methods, and cases of interactions. The parallelization approaches performance illustrated high efficiency with large-scale computations and the consumed time has been reduced by 95 % for both the GPU and hybrid system approaches and 90 % reduction for the multithreading on the CPU. The analysis results confirmed the validity of the proposed methods without affecting the accuracy of the numerical results. The strength of the proposed technique is in its simplicity and scalability to be used for any BEM code.",
+        "output": "Simplified based parallelization approaches for pile-soil-pile interactions",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.",
-        "output": "Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms",
+        "input": "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been widely used in pipeline detection and underground diagnosis. In practical applications, the characteristics of the GPR data of the detected area and the likely underground anomalous structures could be rarely acknowledged before fully analyzing the obtained GPR data, causing challenges to identify the underground structures or anomalies automatically. In this article, a GPR B-scan image diagnosis method based on learning in the model space is proposed. The idea of learning in the model space is to use models fitted on parts of data as more stable and parsimonious representations of the data. For the GPR image, 2-Direction Echo State Network (2D-ESN) is proposed to fit the image segments through the next item prediction. By building the connections between the points on the image in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the 2D-ESN regards the GPR image segment as a whole and could effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of the GPR image. And then, semi-supervised and supervised learning methods could be further implemented on the 2D-ESN models for underground diagnosis. Experiments on real-world datasets are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.",
+        "output": "Underground Diagnosis Based on GPR and Learning in the Model Space",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "James V. Wertsch coined the concept of schematic narrative template in his Voices of Collective Remembering, which has become a classic work in memory studies. The central argument of this article is that the analytical power of the concept of schematic narrative template can be increased, and its methodological implications clarified, by making a distinction between plot structures, narrative schemata, and the practices of narrative production, dissemination, and consumption. The article demonstrates that these entities and their associated mechanisms and processes are different in kind and should therefore be studied by using different types of methods. Furthermore, the article elaborates on the cognitive aspects of Wertsch's notion of schematic narrative template by distinguishing between the pattern completion and pattern matching functions of narrative schemata as well as between the cognitive processes of assimilation and accommodation of narrative schemata.",
-        "output": "Schematic narrative templates in national remembering",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Implementing PBL in teaching and learning can be challenging due to a variety of complex barriers. Studies on barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning in Ethiopia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning at the Debre Berhan University Medical School.METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among faculty and medical students at the medical school. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with tutors and academic leaders, including the problem-based learning coordinator, the biomedical sciences coordinator, and the school dean. Data was also collected from students through focus group discussions. All interviews and discussions were recorded. The four steps of data analysis of Spradley, including domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis, were employed.RESULTS: The study identified student-related, tutor-related, case scenario-related, and assessment-related barriers as the most significant obstacles to implementing problem-based learning. These barriers included work overload for both students and tutors, lack of training and experience among tutors, student reluctance, absence of standardized case scenarios, subjectivity of assessment methods, and on-the-spot assessment of students.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Lack of both tutor and student commitment, lack of standardized cases, absence of a recognition of staff input, gap in communication skills, work overload, lack of continuous training, and at-spot evaluation of students were identified as the main barriers to the implementation of PBL.",
+        "output": "Barriers to implementing problem-based learning at the school of medicine of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaIn a strategic move, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) have scheduled a special live trading session on 20 January 2024, to transition to their Disaster Recovery (DR) site. This initiative aligns with SEBI's mandate for Market Infrastructure Intermediaries (MIIs) to implement a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). Two distinct sessions are planned for the day, with the first running from 9:15 AM to 10:00 AM, and the second from 11:30 AM to 12:30 PM.During the special live trading session, all futures contracts will have a 5% operating range, and securities traded in the F&O segment will experience upper and lower circuit limits of 5%. Those with a regular 2% limit will maintain this threshold. Notably, this session is part of the exchanges' efforts to enhance their Disaster Recovery Site capabilities.The second session, exclusively on the DR site, will encompass a pre-open session, a normal market operation, Call Auction Illiquid session, and a closing session. It is crucial to note that Saturday, 20 January 2024, is a settlement holiday, impacting F&O segment credits, intraday profits, and BTST sell transaction sale proceeds. Credits will be available for trading on Tuesday, 23 January 2024, following settlement on Monday, 22 January 2024.This strategic move by NSE and BSE emphasizes their commitment to a robust Business Continuity Plan and aligns with SEBI guidelines for seamless transitions to DR sites. Investors and market participants should be aware of the schedule adjustments and settlement timelines during this special live trading session.",
-        "output": "NSE and BSE will conduct a special live trading session on January 20, 2024, to transition to their Disaster Recovery site, with futures contracts having a 5% operating range and upper and lower circuit limits of 5% for F&O segment securities.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "By analysing new archival evidence, this article reveals how in the late 1980s, the legal principle of subsidiarity came to be seen as a tool for demobilising opposition to further European integration. At the same time, it also became a projection screen for competing visions for Europe's future: while the European Commission saw subsidiarity as an important foundation for a future European federation and the German government as an essential part of a 'Europe of the regions', the British government hoped to use it to achieve a renationalisation of the European Community. The French government was much more sceptical towards subsidiarity, pointing to the paradox that subsidiarity actually required a strong central authority to achieve its decentralising ends. The article concludes by arguing that the debate on subsidiarity reveals how ambitious and yet contested European integration had become by the early 1990s.",
+        "output": "Demobilising Opposition to European Integration: The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Creation of the European Union, 1988-1992",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The ability to answer complex scientific questions depends on the experimental methods available. New methods often allow scientists to answer questions that were previously intractable, leading to discoveries that often dramatically change a field. Beginning with Max Delbruck's famous summer phage course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1945, the Phage, Bacterial Genetics, and Advanced Bacterial Genetics courses have provided hands-on experiences to generations of scientists that facilitated the broad adoption of new experimental methods into laboratories around the world. These methods have led to discoveries that changed the way we think about genetics, bacteria, and viruses, transforming our understanding of biology. The impact of these courses has been further amplified by published laboratory manuals that provide detailed protocols for the evolving experimental toolkit. These courses catalyzed intensive and critical discourse about ideas that were previously intractable and provided novel experimental approaches to answer new questions-a process that epitomizes Thomas Kuhn's concepts of Scientific Revolution, spinning off the new field of Molecular Biology and dramatically changing the field of microbiology.",
-        "output": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Courses in Phage and Bacterial Genetics: A Catalyst for Innovation in Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Microbiology.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the reporting quality of existing economic evaluations for negotiated glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) included in China National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2013 (CHEERS 2013).METHODS: We performed asystematic literature research through 7 databases to identify published economic evaluations for GLDs included in the China NRDL up to March 2021. Reporting quality of identified studies was assessed by two independent reviewers based on the CHEERS checklist. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-WhitneyU test were performed to examine the association between reporting quality and characteristics of the identified studies.RESULTS: We have identified 24 studies, which evaluated six GLDs types. The average score rate of the included studies was 77.41% (SD:13.23%, Range 47.62%-91.67%). Among all the required reporting items, characterizing heterogeneity (score rate=4.17%) was the least satisfied item. Among six parts of CHEERS, results part scored least at 0.55 (score rate=54.79%) because of the incompleteness of characterizing uncertainty. Results from the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-WhitneyU test showed that model choice, journal type, type of economic evaluations, and study perspective were associated with the reporting quality of the studies.CONCLUSIONS: There remains room to improve the reporting quality of economic evaluations for GLDs in NRDL. Checklists such as CHEERS should be widely used to improve the reporting quality of economic researches in China.",
+        "output": "A systematic review on reporting quality of economic evaluations for negotiated glucose-lowering drugs in China national reimbursement drug list.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Previous studies on attrition from MD-PhD programs have shown that students who self-identify as Black are more likely to withdraw before graduating than Hispanic students and students not from groups underrepresented in medicine (non-UIM). Here, we analyzed data collected for the National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study, a national effort to track the careers of over 10,000 individuals who have graduated from MD-PhD programs over the past 60 years. On average, Black trainees took slightly longer to graduate, were less likely to choose careers in academia, and were more likely to enter nonacademic clinical practice; although, none of these differences were large. Black graduates were also more likely to choose careers in surgery or internal medicine, or entirely forego residency, and less likely to choose pediatrics, pathology, or neurology. Among those in academia, average research effort rates self-reported by Black, Hispanic, and non-UIM alumni were indistinguishable, as were rates of obtaining research grants and mentored training awards. However, the proportion of Black and Hispanic alumni who reported having NIH research grants was lower than that of non-UIM alumni, and the NIH career development to research project grant (K-to-R) conversion rate was lower for Black alumni. We propose that the reasons for these differences reflect experiences before, during, and after training and, therefore, conclude with action items that address each of these stages.",
-        "output": "The National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study: career paths followed by Black and Hispanic graduates.",
+        "input": "The pattern of resonator in a periodical array is decisive for its response under impinging electromagnetic wave. A scale-free network resonator is proposed by connecting sub-units in the form of scale free network. Scale-free network resonator array's reflectivity near resonant frequency could be modulated at arbitrary value between zero and unity, which is different from known resonator array or frequency selective surface. Reflection amplitude modulation could generate rich behaviors, as effective medium property in wide band could be maintained near zero constant, which means zero phase shift and is favorable in radar radome structure. S-parameter analysis indicates amplitude modulation is owing to polarization conversion generated by network links. Scale-free network resonator array has application potentials in future radar radomes, electromagnetic wave lens and microwave antenna panels.",
+        "output": "Reflection modulation generated by scale-free network resonator periodic structure",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) CEO Tim Cook's total compensation for 2023 witnessed a decline, amounting to $63.2 million compared to $99.4 million the previous year. For 2022, Cook\u2019s compensation stood at $98.7 million.The decrease is primarily attributed to the diminished value of his stock awards, as revealed by Apple's proxy statement. In 2023, stock awards were valued at $47 million, contrasting with $83 million in the preceding year and $82.3 million in 2021. This reduction in the value of stock awards impacted Cook's overall compensation for the year 2023.Luca Maestri, SVP and CFO of Apple, received $26.9 million vs. $27.1 million in 2022. Other senior executives, including COO Jeff Williams, earned a similar amount.",
-        "output": "Apple CEO Tim Cook's compensation fell to $63.2 million in 2023, a 36% decrease from $99.4 million in 2022, primarily due to a decline in the value of his stock awards. SVP and CFO Luca Maestri's compensation remained relatively stable at $26.9 million.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Medical service fragmentation is a common problem worldwide, and many countries have adopted integration to solve the difficulty. Contrary to developed countries, developing countries such as China must consider how to implement integration under a relatively weak medical foundation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the Compact Union of County and Township Health Sectors policy on the medical service capacity of a typical integration model represented by Shanxi Province in China and determine the path the policy followed. By using Shanxi's county-level medical integration as a quasi-natural experiment, this study establishes a difference-in-differences model to investigate the effect of the policy using official data. A series of tests are conducted to verify the robustness of the result. Finally, the policy pathway is tested. The results show that the third-level surgeries and outpatient service utilization of leading hospitals and township institutions increased. Still, inpatient service utilization and fourth-level surgeries did not show a significant change in either type of institution. Moreover, the enhancement of leading hospitals' service capacity comes mainly through improving asset efficiency and personal income, while the improvement of township institutions' capacity comes primarily through increased personal income. Compact integration of county-level medical institutions can stimulate and improve service capacity by improving asset efficiency and personal income, even with a weak medical foundation. However, to achieve continuous service capacity improvement, the professional level of county-level institutions must be strengthened with a superior hospital's assistance, and personnel's enthusiasm for active innovation must be cultivated.",
+        "output": "Effective policy research of county and township health sector integration in China: Empirical evidence from the difference-in-differences model.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "My first acquaintance with the History of Economics Society (HES) occurred in the summer of 1990 when I attended its seventeenth annual meeting. Organized by the then HES president and now recently deceased Stanley Todd Lowry at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, it marked the beginning of my experience with US higher education. Later that summer, I began a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University. The economics department still hosted a history of economics seminar-the Kress seminar-though its actual connection with the seminar was tenuous.1 Following the Lexington meeting, the paper I presented was accepted for publication in volume 7 of Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought-a book series that published selected papers from the HES conference. It was my first publication in English. From then on, I kept attending the HES annual meeting regularly and with enthusiasm. I met a number of stimulating people and made some good friends there. It was always refreshing to find myself in the United States following nine months of teaching and research in France.",
-        "output": "THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY AT FIFTY: WHAT KIND OF DIVERSITY?",
+        "input": "As an important component of prehistoric subsistence, an understanding of bone-working is essential for interpreting the evolution of early complex societies, yet worked bones are rarely systematically collected in China. Here, the authors apply multiple analytical methods to worked bones from the Longshan site of Pingliangtai, in central China, showing that Neolithic bone-working in this area, with cervid as the main raw material, was mature but localised, household-based and self-sufficient. The introduction of cattle in the Late Neolithic precipitated a shift in bone-working traditions but it was only later, in the Bronze Age, that cattle bones were utilised in a specialised fashion and dedicated bone-working industries emerged in urban centres.",
+        "output": "Bone-artefact production in late Neolithic central China: evidence from Pingliangtai",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Understanding changes to student wellbeing on design modules in a distance higher education setting is difficult. Previous research suggested that environmental, study and skills-related barriers impact the wellbeing of learners at a distance. This study sought to understand the experiences of barriers and what enabled distance design students' wellbeing. It identifies avenues to balance tensions between conflicting experiences of studying design and maintaining wellbeing that our participants disclosed in a longitudinal, qualitative study using repeat interviews, experience sampling and a diary study. The findings provide insights from the learners' perspectives. Students reported strategies on how to deal with open-ended design projects and how to cope with feedback. They revealed how they currently seek and receive support for design work and wellbeing. We uncovered how learners keep to deadlines and how they approach social learning. The study also exposed enabling study rhythms to facilitate creative flow and how creative environments are set up in the learners' homes. Our findings suggest that educators and designers of hybrid and distance design education should pay attention to three key aspects: dealing with uncertainty, learning satisficing and managing creative flow, to enable design students' wellbeing.",
-        "output": "Enabling Students' Wellbeing in Distance Design Education",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition with increasing prevalence, high morbidity, and increased mortality. Obesity is an established risk factor for HF. Fluctuation in body mass index (BMI) has shown a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the association between BMI variability and incident HF.METHODS AND RESULTS: In the UK Biobank, we established a prospective cohort after excluding participants with prevalent HF or cancer at enrollment. A total of 99368 White participants with \u22653 BMI measures during >2years preceding enrollment were included, with a median follow-up of 12.5years. The within-participant variability of BMI was evaluated using standardized SD and coefficient of variation. The association of BMI variability with incident HF was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk model, adjusting for confounding factors and participant-specific rate of BMI change. Higher BMI variability measured in both SD and coefficient of variation was significantly associated with higher risk in HF incidence (SD: hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.08], P<0.0001; coefficient of variation: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.10], P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal health records capture BMI fluctuation, which independently predicts HF incidence.",
+        "output": "High Variability of Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated With Incident Heart Failure.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The current market scenario for the Nifty Metal Index reveals a challenging landscape. Presently, the index stands at 6359.90, experiencing a noticeable downtrend in the near term as indicated by recent charts. Key support levels are expected to emerge around 6165 and 5890, underlining the significance of these price points in the current market dynamics.Adding to the cautionary signals, technical indicators such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) are reflecting a bearish momentum in the market. These observations necessitate a prudent approach for traders navigating this sector.Given this context, the most advisable trading strategy is to initiate selling positions when the index exhibits upward movements. Implementing a strict stop loss at 6550 on a closing basis is vital. This precautionary measure acts as a safeguard, minimizing potential losses in the event of unforeseen market fluctuations.Additionally, traders should pay close attention to the anticipated targets and support levels highlighted on the daily charts, specifically at 6165 and 5890. These levels serve as crucial reference points for making informed trading decisions. Aligning trades with these levels allows traders to optimize their potential gains while effectively managing the risks associated with the prevailing bearish momentum in the market.By adhering to this strategic approach, traders can navigate the volatile market environment with a calculated and informed perspective. Timely decisions, coupled with a keen awareness of support and resistance levels, position traders favorably, enabling them to make precise moves in response to the ever-changing market conditions.The current market price for the Nifty Oil & Gas Index is 7626.30. Anticipated in the near term is a range-bound trend as per daily charts, with expected boundaries at 7725 and 7425. A close above or below this range is poised to trigger significant movements in the market.Should the index fall below the lower boundary, the next support levels are projected at 7240 and 7035. Conversely, a breach of the upper boundary could lead to resistance levels around 7810, 7900, and 8030. For cautious traders, the best strategy is to wait for a breakout, observing the market's behavior for a decisive move.On the other hand, risk-tolerant traders might consider selling near the upper range and buying when the index approaches the lower range. To manage risk effectively, a strict stop loss of 1% from the committed levels is advisable.This approach allows traders to adapt to varying risk tolerances while maximizing opportunities within the established range. By aligning their strategies with these key levels, traders can make informed decisions in response to the market's movements.",
-        "output": "Nifty Metal Index is experiencing a downtrend with key support levels at 6165 and 5890, while Nifty Oil & Gas Index is range-bound between 7725 and 7425, with support levels at 7240 and 7035 and resistance levels at 7810, 7900, and 8030.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A growing literature finds that the way governments are organized can impact the societies they serve in important ways. The same is apparent with respect to civil service organizations. Numerous studies show that the recruitment of civil servants based on their credentials rather than on nepotism or patronage reduces corruption in government. Political corruption in turn appears to harm population health. Up to this time, however, civil service organization is not a recognized determinant of health and is little discussed outside of political science disciplines. To provoke a broader conversation on this subject, the following study proposes that meritocratic recruitment of civil servants improves population health. To test this proposition, a series of regression models examines comparative data for 118 countries. Consistent with study hypotheses, meritocratic recruitment of civil servants corresponds longitudinally with both lower rates of corruption and lower rates of infant mortality. Results are similar after robustness checks. Findings with regard to life expectancy are more mixed. However, additional tests suggest meritocratic recruitment contributes to life expectancy over a longer span of time. Findings also offer more support for a direct pathway from meritocratic recruitment to population health rather than via changes in corruption levels per se, although this may depend on a country's level of economic development. Overall, this study offers first evidence that civil service organization, particularly the recruitment of civil servants based on the merits of their applications rather than on whom they happen to know in government, is a positive determinant of health. More research in this area is needed.",
+        "output": "Civil service organization as a political determinant of health: Analyzing relationships between merit-based hiring, corruption, and population health.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this Voices article we introduce seven impressive young group leaders who spoke at the recent Ringberg Workshop on Structural Biology organized by Ilme Schlichting from the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg. We asked them to tell us more about their careers and their exciting research.",
-        "output": "Introducing: Ulrich J. Lorenz, Radoslav I. Enchev, Clare F. Megarity, Helen Ginn, Patrick Rabe, Alice R. Walker, and Kartik Ayyer.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Sex disparities exist in cardiometabolic diseases. Metabolomic profiling offers insight into disease mechanisms, as the metabolome is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. We identified metabolites associated with sex and determined if sex-associated metabolites are associated with incident stoke, incident coronary heart disease, prevalent hypertension, and prevalent chronic kidney disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: Targeted metabolomics was conducted for 357 metabolites in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) case-cohort substudy for incident stroke. Weighted logistic regression models were used to identify metabolites associated with sex in REGARDS. Sex-associated metabolites were replicated in the HyperGEN (Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network) and using the literature. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and incident stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and incident coronary heart disease. Weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Fifty-one replicated metabolites were associated with sex. Higher levels of 6 phosphatidylethanolamines were associated with incident stroke. No metabolites were associated with incident coronary heart disease. Higher levels of uric acid and leucine and lower levels of a lysophosphatidylcholine were associated with hypertension. Higher levels of indole-3-lactic acid, 7 phosphatidylethanolamines, and uric acid, and lower levels of betaine and bilirubin were associated with chronic kidney disease.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the sexual dimorphism of the metabolome may contribute to sex differences in stroke, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease.",
+        "output": "Sex-Associated Metabolites and Incident Stroke, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease in the REGARDS Cohort.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In another report by PTI, oil companies are looking at the possibility of using close to $600 million of their dividend income stranded in Russia to buy oil from that country, the report cited officials as saying.In the 2G ethanol space, OIL is looking to invest Rs 8,000 crore, Rath said.With crude crossing 10-month highs of $94 per barrel, upstream companies like OIL will benefit from higher net crude realisations, aided by cheaper imports of Russian crude.In the last 3 months, the stock has gained almost 10 per cent from a level of Rs 253 touched on June 15, 2023.",
-        "output": "Oil companies are considering using $600 million of their dividend income stranded in Russia to purchase oil from that country. OIL is also planning to invest Rs 8,000 crore in the 2G ethanol space, and upstream companies like OIL will benefit from higher net crude realizations due to cheaper imports of Russian crude.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Existing handover communication tools often lack a clear theoretical foundation, have limited psychometric evidence, and overlook effective communication strategies for enhancing diagnostic reasoning. This oversight becomes critical as communication breakdowns during handovers have been implicated in poor patient care. To address these issues, we developed a structured communication tool: Background, Responsible diagnosis, Included differential diagnosis, Excluded differential diagnosis, Follow-up, and Communication (BRIEF-C). It is informed by cognitive bias theory, shows evidence of reliability and validity of its scores, and includes strategies for actively sending and receiving information in medical handovers.DESIGN: A pre-test post-test intervention study.SETTING: Inpatient internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery units at one tertiary care hospital.INTERVENTION: The BRIEF-C tool was presented to internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery faculty and residents who participated in an in-person educational session, followed by a 2-week period where they practised using it with feedback.MEASUREMENTS: Clinical handovers were audiorecorded over 1week for the pre- and again for the post-periods, then transcribed for analysis. Two faculty raters from internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery scored the transcripts of handovers using the BRIEF-C framework. The two raters were blinded to the time periods.RESULTS: A principal component analysis identified two subscales on the BRIEF-C: diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication, with high interitem consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 and 0.99, respectively). One sample t-test indicated significant improvement in diagnostic clinical reasoning (pre-test: M=0.97, SD=0.50; post-test: M=1.31, SD=0.64; t(64)=4.26, p<0.05, medium to large Cohen's d=0.63) and communication (pre-test: M=0.02, SD=0.16; post-test: M=0.48, SD=0.83); t(64)=4.52, p<0.05, large Cohen's d=0.83).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates evidence supporting the reliability and validity of scores on the BRIEF-C as good indicators of diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication shared during handovers.",
+        "output": "Improving clinical reasoning and communication during handover: An intervention study of the BRIEF-C tool.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Joint Cerebrovascular (CV) Section serves as a centralized entity for the dissemination of information related to CV neurosurgery. The quality of scientific conferences, such as the CV Section's Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Annual Meeting, can be gauged by the number of poster and oral presentations that are published in peer-reviewed journals. However, publication rates from the CV Section's meetings are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the rate at which abstracts presented at the AANS/CNS CV Section Annual Meeting from 2014 to 2018 were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals.METHODS: The abstract titles for all accepted poster and oral podium presentation abstracts from the 2014-2018 Annual Joint AANS/CNS CV Section Meetings were searched using PubMed. A match was defined as sufficient similarity between the abstract and its corresponding journal publication with regard to title, authors, methods, and results. Five-year impact factors (IFs) from Journal Citation Reports (JCR), the country of the corresponding author, and the number of citations in the Scopus database were obtained using the articles' digital object identifier when available, or the exact article title, journal, and year of publication.RESULTS: Of the 607 total poster and oral presentations from the 2014-2018 Annual Meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section, 46.29% (n = 281) have been published. Published articles received 3233 total citations for an average number of citations per article (\u00b1 SD) of 10.89 \u00b1 16.37. The average 5-year JCR IF of published studies was 4.64 \u00b1 3.13. Additionally, 98.22% of published abstracts were in publication within 4 years from the time the abstract was presented. The most common peer-reviewed neurosurgical journals featuring these publications were the Journal of Neurosurgery, World Neurosurgery, the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Neurosurgery, and the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of all poster and oral presentations at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section from 2014 to 2018 have been published in PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed journals. The average number of citations per publication (10.89 \u00b1 16.37) reflects the high quality of abstracts accepted for presentation. It is important to continuously assess the quality of research presented at national conferences to ensure that standards are being maintained for the advancement of clinical practice in a given area of medicine. Conference abstract publication rates in peer-reviewed journals represent a way in which research quality can be gauged, and the authors encourage others to conduct similar investigations in their subspecialty area of interest and/or practice.",
-        "output": "Publication patterns of posters and oral presentations at the Annual Meeting of the Joint AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal consultations constitute a growing portion of primary care physician (PCP) referrals. Optimizing communication between PCPs and orthopaedists can potentially reduce time spent in the electronic medical record (EMR) as well as physician burnout. Little is known about the preferences of PCPs regarding communication from orthopaedic surgeons. Hence, the present study investigated, across a large health network, the preferences of PCPs regarding communication from orthopaedists.METHODS: A total of 175 PCPs across 15 practices within our health network were surveyed. These providers universally utilized Epic as their EMR platform. Five-point, labeled Likert scales were utilized to assess the PCP-perceived importance of communication from orthopaedists in specific clinical scenarios. PCPs were further asked to report their preferred method of communication in each scenario and their overall interest in communication from orthopaedists. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether any PCP characteristics were associated with the preferred method of communication and the overall PCP interest in communication from orthopaedists.RESULTS: A total of 107 PCPs (61.1%) responded to the survey. PCPs most commonly rated communication from orthopaedists as highly important in the scenario of an orthopaedist needing information from the PCP. In this scenario, PCPs preferred to receive an Epic Staff Message. Scenarios involving a recommendation for surgery, hospitalization, or a major clinical change were also rated as highly important. In these scenarios, an Epic CC'd Chart rather than a Staff Message was preferred. Increased after-hours EMR use was associated with diminished odds of having a high interest in communication from orthopaedists (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.88; p = 0.005). Ninety-three PCPs (86.9%) reported spending 1 to 1.5 hours or more per day in Epic after normal clinical hours, and 27 (25.2%) spent >3 hours per day. Forty-six PCPs (43.0%) reported experiencing \u22651 symptom of burnout.CONCLUSIONS: There were distinct preferences among PCPs regarding clinical communication from orthopaedic surgeons. There was also evidence of substantial burnout and after-hours work effort by PCPs. These results may help to optimize communication between PCPs and orthopaedists while reducing the amount of time that PCPs spend in the EMR.",
+        "output": "Primary Care Physician Preferences Regarding Communication from Orthopaedic Surgeons.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaOne F&O share that has been making headlines for the last couple of sessions is  Polycab India Ltd  (NS:POLC) Limited. The stock is seeing a never-ending fall and is down 27% this week so far, currently locked in at a massive 20% lower circuit to INR 3,929.5, by 9:57 AM IST. The volume for the week has already reached 8.8 million shares, which is the highest since July last year.So what is happening with this counter? In a recent income tax department operation, the Polycab group, a prominent player in wires, cables, and electrical items manufacturing, faced scrutiny, revealing undisclosed cash sales amounting to around INR 1,000 crore. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) disclosed that during the 22 December 2023 raid, over INR 4 crore in unaccounted cash was seized, and more than 25 bank lockers were restrained.Covering 50 locations across Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Delhi, the operation raised questions about financial transparency and adherence to tax regulations within corporate entities. Though the CBDT refrained from explicitly naming Polycab, the company issued a clarification terming reports of tax evasion as \"rumors.\"This development underscores the need for vigilant oversight and enforcement of financial regulations, emphasizing the importance of compliance and transparency. As regulatory authorities investigate, it signals the significance of robust mechanisms to prevent and detect instances of tax evasion, ensuring accountability and ethical financial practices across industries.Image Source: InvestingPro+In case investors are thinking of buying the dip, they should not ignore the fair valuation of the company. InvestingPro+ lets you calculate the realistic intrinsic value of the stock with ease, which in this case is INR 3,942, leaving no margin on the value front. -----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaNEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 65% discount and by using the coupon code PROC324 for the Bi-yearly plan and 1PROC324 for the annual plan. Click on the image below to access the link",
-        "output": "Polycab India Ltd. stock has plummeted 27% this week due to an income tax department raid that uncovered INR 1,000 crore in undisclosed cash sales, leading to the seizure of INR 4 crore in cash and the freezing of over 25 bank lockers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
+        "output": "Research note: Virtual historical archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Microorganisms are crucial elements of terrestrial ecosystems, which play significant roles in improving soil physicochemical properties, providing plant growth nutrients, degrading toxic and harmful chemicals, and biogeochemical cycling. Variations in the types and quantities of root exudates among different plants greatly alter soil physicochemical properties and result in variations in the diversity, structure, and function of soil microorganisms. Not much is understood about the differences of soil fungi and archaea communities for different plant communities in coastal wetlands, and their response mechanisms to environmental changes. In this study, fungal and archaea communities in soils of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands were selected for research. Soil fungi and archaea were analyzed for diversity, community structure, and function using high throughput ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed significant differences in fungi and archaea's diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three plant communities. At the same time, there is no significant difference in the functional groups. SOM, TP, AP, MC, EC and SOM, TN, TP, AP, MC, EC are the primary environmental determinants affecting changes in soil fungal and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the diversity, community structure, and ecological functions of fungi and archaea can be used as indicators characterizing the impact of external disturbances on the soil environment, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective utilization of soil microbial resources, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and health promotion.",
-        "output": "Floristic changes and environmental drivers of soil fungi and archaea in different salt-tolerant plant communities in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands",
+        "input": "An objection to shifty epistemologies such as subject-sensitive invariantism is that it predicts that agents are susceptible to guaranteed losses. Bob Beddor (Analysis, 81, 193-198, 2021) argues that these guaranteed losses are not a symptom of irrationality, on the grounds that forgetful agents are susceptible to guaranteed losses without being irrational. I agree that forgetful agents are susceptible to guaranteed losses without being irrational- but when we investigate why, the analogy with shifty epistemology breaks down. I argue that agents with shifty epistemologies are susceptible to guaranteed losses in a way which is a symptom of irrationality. Along the way I make a suggestion about what it takes for an agent to be coherent over time. I close by offering a taxonomy of shifty epistemologies.",
+        "output": "How to lose your memory without losing your money: shifty epistemology and Dutch strategies",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and analyze the relationship between PTSD and breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors among breastfeeding mothers and women with children aged 0-24months, all of whom had experienced the earthquake.METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 173 earthquake survivors in Adiyaman, Turkey, during June and July 2023. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian scale was used to assess the presence of PTSD, while the Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES) was employed to evaluate breastfeeding behaviors in mothers.RESULTS: Significantly higher PTSD scores (47.6\u00b117.4) were found among women staying in tents, while lower scores (37.0\u00b116.4) were observed in those who continued breastfeeding. 78.6% of women reported decreased breast milk because of the earthquake. Mothers with reduced milk supply had higher PTSD scores (46.1\u00b117.3). Breastfeeding training was associated with higher BAES scores (106.8\u00b156.8) and lower PTSD scores (32.5\u00b111.0). A significant negative correlation was observed between the PTSD score and BAES (r=-0.742; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that breastfeeding may protect mothers against PTSD in the aftermath of earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding education. The higher frequency and severity of PTSD observed among earthquake survivor mothers residing in tents underscores the importance of promptly transitioning to permanent housing after the earthquake.",
-        "output": "The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior.",
+        "input": "Satellite-based near-real-time forest disturbance alerting systems have been widely used to support law enforcement actions against illegal and unsustainable human activities in tropical forests. The availability of multiple optical and radar-based forest disturbance alerts, each with varying detection capabilities depending mainly on the satellite sensor used, poses a challenge for users in selecting the most suitable system for their monitoring needs and workflow. Integrating multiple alerts holds the potential to address the limitations of individual systems. We integrated radar-based RAdar for Detecting Deforestation (RADD) (Sentinel-1), and optical-based Global Land Analysis and Discovery Sentinel-2 (GLAD-S2) and GLAD-Landsat alerts using two confidence rulesets at ten 1 degrees sites across the Amazon Basin. Alert integration resulted in faster detection of new disturbances by days to months, and also shortened the delay to increased confidence. An increased detection rate to an average of 97% when combining alerts highlights the complementary capabilities of the optical and cloud-penetrating radar sensors in detecting largely varying drivers and environmental conditions, such as fires, selective logging, and cloudy circumstances. The most improvement was observed when integrating RADD and GLAD-S2, capitalizing on the high temporal observation density and spatially detailed 10 m Sentinel-1 and 2 data. We introduced the highest confidence class as an addition to the low and high confidence classes of the individual systems, and showed that this displayed no false detection. Considering spatial neighborhood during alert integration enhanced the overall labeled alert confidence level, as nearby alerts mutually reinforced their confidence, but it also led to an increased rate of false detections. We discuss implications of this study for the integration of multiple alert systems. We demonstrate that alert integration is an important data preparation step to make use of multiple alerts more user-friendly, providing stakeholders with reliable and consistent information on new forest disturbances in a timely manner. Google Earth Engine code to integrate various alert datesets is made openly available.",
+        "output": "Integrating satellite-based forest disturbance alerts improves detection timeliness and confidence",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Nifty Pharma Index finds itself in a consolidation phase after a brisk short-term rally.For the past two months, the index and its components have been moving within a specific range of 15,750 to 15,000, creating a pivotal zone for traders. In this scenario, astute traders must pay close attention to the boundaries of this range.If the index breaches the upper limit of 15,750 or falls below the 15,000 mark, significant market movements might follow. Traders employing a higher risk tolerance might consider buying near the lower end of the range and selling near the upper band, adapting their positions based on these boundary shifts.Conversely, conservative traders might opt to wait. They can observe the market's behavior, anticipating a decisive breakout. A close above 15,750 could signify an upward trend, potentially encountering resistance at levels such as 15,950 and 16,225.If the index ventures into this territory, investors should be cautious, as it might indicate a negative divergence on the charts, suggesting a prudent moment to secure profits.In essence, the Nifty Pharma Index is currently a battleground of fluctuating prices, offering both risks and opportunities. Traders must remain vigilant, adapting their strategies based on the index's movements within or outside of the established range. This vigilance, coupled with strategic decision-making, will be key to navigating this consolidation phase effectively.The Nifty Auto Index is currently positioned at a critical juncture, finding stability near the significant support level of 15,700. Traders are advised to maintain a strict stoploss at this level on a closing basis, ensuring prudent risk management.Given the index's recent support, a strategic approach involves purchasing the index and its underlying components when prices dip. This strategy aligns with the anticipation of a consolidative phase in the near term. The projected range for this consolidation spans from 16,025 to 15,700.In the event of a breakout above 16,025, the index could encounter resistance at subsequent levels, namely 16,064, 16,280, and 16,880. On the flip side, a breach below 15,700 might indicate a downward trend, with support levels expected around 15,450 and 15,300.It's crucial to note that a closure beneath 15,300 could signify a shift from a bullish to a bearish trend in the short term. Therefore, traders are advised to stay vigilant, keeping these pivotal levels in mind while making their trading decisions.The prevailing bias suggests a positive outlook, emphasizing a buy-on-dips strategy. By adhering to these principles and remaining attentive to market dynamics, traders can navigate the Nifty Auto Index effectively in the coming sessions.",
-        "output": "The Nifty Pharma Index is consolidating within a range of 15,750-15,000, with a breakout above or below these levels indicating significant market movements. The Nifty Auto Index is finding support at 15,700, with a buy-on-dips strategy recommended within a consolidation range of 16,025-15,700.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Studies have found a pronounced decline in male effective population sizes worldwide around 3000-5000 years ago. This bottleneck was not observed for female effective population sizes, which continued to increase over time. Until now, this remarkable genetic pattern was interpreted as the result of an ancient structuring of human populations into patrilineal groups (gathering closely related males) violently competing with each other. In this scenario, violence is responsible for the repeated extinctions of patrilineal groups, leading to a significant reduction in male effective population size. Here, we propose an alternative hypothesis by modelling a segmentary patrilineal system based on anthropological literature. We show that variance in reproductive success between patrilineal groups, combined with lineal fission (i.e., the splitting of a group into two new groups of patrilineally related individuals), can lead to a substantial reduction in the male effective population size without resorting to the violence hypothesis. Thus, a peaceful explanation involving ancient changes in social structures, linked to global changes in subsistence systems, may be sufficient to explain the reported decline in Y-chromosome diversity.",
+        "output": "Patrilineal segmentary systems provide a peaceful explanation for the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of state-owned lender Bank of Baroda declined more than 3 per cent on Wednesday.On Tuesday, the Reserve Bank of India barred the Bank of Baroda from onboarding new customers on its mobile app 'Bob World' following material supervisory concerns.The action taken by the central bank is based on certain material supervisory concerns observed in the manner of onboarding customers onto its mobile application.In late morning trade, shares of Bank of Baroda declined 3.10 per cent to Rs 207.55 apiece and plunged further to Rs 207.20 apiece, registering a 3.27 per cent fall during the day on the BSE.On the NSE, the stock of the company dived 2.96 per cent to Rs 207.95 per piece and went lower by 3.22 per cent to close at Rs 207.40 per scrip.In the volume terms, 12.69 lakh equity shares were traded on the BSE, while 4.30 crore shares were on the NSE, during the day.The 30-share BSE Sensex rose 393.69 points to close at 66,473.05, while NSE Nifty gained 121.50 points to settle at 19,811.35.In a statement on Tuesday, the Reserve Bank of India said it \"has, in the exercise of its power, under Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, directed Bank of Baroda to suspend, with immediate effect, any further onboarding of their customers onto the 'bob World' mobile application\".However, the public sector lender said it has already carried out corrective measures to address the concerns of the central bank and has initiated further steps to plug any remaining gaps.\"We will work closely with the RBI to address their concerns at the earliest to their satisfaction,\" the bank added.Also, the lender assured its customers they would not face any disruption and would continue to experience uninterrupted services on the mobile app.",
-        "output": "Bank of Baroda's shares fell over 3% on Wednesday after the RBI barred it from onboarding new customers on its 'Bob World' app due to supervisory concerns. The bank has initiated corrective measures to address the concerns and assure customers of uninterrupted services.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 20% of children globally. While studies have been conducted elsewhere, air pollution and weather variability is not well studied in the tropics. This time-series study examines the association between air pollution and meteorological factors with the incidence of outpatient visits for AD obtained from the National Skin Centre (NSC) in Singapore. The total number of 1,440,844 consultation visits from the NSC from 2009 to 2019 was analysed. Using the distributed lag non-linear model and assuming a negative binomial distribution, the short-term temporal association between outpatient visits for AD and air quality and meteorological variability on a weekly time-scale were examined, while adjusting for long-term trends, seasonality and autocorrelation. The analysis was also stratified by gender and age to assess potential effect modification. The risk of AD consultation visits was 14% lower (RR10th percentile: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.96) at the 10th percentile (11.9 g/m3) of PM2.5 and 10% higher (RR90th percentile: 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19) at the 90th percentile (24.4 g/m3) compared to the median value (16.1 g/m3). Similar results were observed for PM10 with lower risk at the 10th percentile and higher risk at the 90th percentile (RR10th percentile: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95, RR90th percentile: 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19). For rainfall for values above the median, the risk of consultation visits was higher up to 7.4 mm in the PM2.5 model (RR74th percentile: 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14) and up to 9 mm in the PM10 model (RR80th percentile: 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.25). This study found a close association between outpatient visits for AD with ambient particulate matter concentrations and rainfall. Seasonal variations in particulate matter and rainfall may be used to alert healthcare providers on the anticipated rise in AD cases and to time preventive measures to reduce the associated health burden.",
+        "output": "Association between exposure to ambient air pollution, meteorological factors and atopic dermatitis consultations in Singapore-a stratified nationwide time-series analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper addresses the problem of mapping high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional space, in the presence of other known features. This problem is ubiquitous in science and engineering as there are often controllable/measurable features in most applications. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a broad class of methods, which is referred to as conditional multidimensional scaling (MDS). An algorithm for optimizing the objective function of conditional MDS is also developed. The convergence of this algorithm is proven under mild assumptions. Conditional MDS is illustrated with kinship terms, facial expressions, textile fabrics, car-brand perception, and cylinder machining examples. These examples demonstrate the advantages of conditional MDS over conventional dimension reduction in improving the estimation quality of the reduced-dimension space and simplifying visualization and knowledge discovery tasks. Computer codes for this work are available in the open-source cml R package.",
-        "output": "Dimension Reduction With Prior Information for Knowledge Discovery",
+        "input": "In many countries around the world, individualised budgets are replacing 'block funding' as the primary way in which disability service provision is funded. These models assume that dynamics of competition improve services for people with disabilities. This article presents the findings of research on the accessibility and inclusiveness of mainstream services for people with intellectual disabilities in four Australian cities in the wake of the rollout of individual support budgets. We use the concept of 'repair' and the conceptual framework of 'landscapes of care and support' to analyse interviews with mainstream service managers. Our findings reveal that not-for-profit organisations perform crucial tasks in persuading for-profit service providers to collaborate with them to improve their accessibility and inclusion. When these services collaborate to repair service access, not-for-profit organisations often take on associated responsibility, costs and risk to encourage reparative adjustments in for-profit services. Not-for-profit organisations are also more likely to be tasked with the relational and interpersonal work that is crucial for successful service repair. Our findings challenge assumptions that free-market competition is the main driver of more accessible and inclusive service delivery and suggest how policy can support more equitable collaborative repair work.Dans de nombreux pays autour du monde, le financement individualis & eacute; est en train de devenir le syst & egrave;me principal pour les services destin & eacute;s aux personnes en situation de handicap, repla & ccedil;ant ainsi le financement global. Ce mod & egrave;le repose sur l'assomption que les dynamiques de la comp & eacute;tition vont am & eacute;liorer le soutien aux personnes handicap & eacute;es. Cet article pr & eacute;sente les r & eacute;sultats d'une & eacute;tude sur l'accessibilit & eacute; et l'inclusion des services de base pour les personnes en situation de handicap mental dans quatre grandes villes australiennes pendant le d & eacute;ploiement du financement individualis & eacute;. Nous nous servons du concept de << r & eacute;paration >> et de la structure conceptuelle de << panoramas de soins et de soutien >> pour analyser les entretiens avec les responsables des services g & eacute;n & eacute;raux. Nos observations r & eacute;v & egrave;lent que les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif accomplissent une t & acirc;che essentielle en persuadant celles & agrave; but lucratif de collaborer pour am & eacute;liorer leur accessibilit & eacute; et leur inclusion. Quand ces services travaillent ensemble pour r & eacute;parer l'acc & egrave;s aux prestations, les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif prennent souvent en charge les responsabilit & eacute;s, les frais et les risques r & eacute;sultants afin d'encourager les ajustements rectificatifs chez les prestations & agrave; but lucratif. Elles sont aussi plus susceptibles de se retrouver charg & eacute;es du travail relationnel et interpersonnel qui est essentiel pour le succ & egrave;s de la r & eacute;paration. Nos observations remettent en question l'id & eacute;e re & ccedil;ue que la libre concurrence est le principal facteur pour des prestations de services plus accessibles et plus inclusifs. Elles sugg & egrave;rent aussi des moyens par lesquels les strat & eacute;gies peuvent soutenir des travaux de r & eacute;paration collaboratifs plus & eacute;quitables.Enmuchos pa & iacute;ses del mundo, los presupuestos individualizados est & aacute;nreemplazando la financiaci & oacute;n en bloque como la forma principalen que se prestan los servicios para la discapacidad. Estos modelossuponen que la din & aacute;mica de la competencia mejora los servicios paralas personas con discapacidad. Este art & iacute;culo presenta los resultadosde una investigaci & oacute;n sobre la accesibilidad y la inclusi & oacute;n de losservicios generales para personas con discapacidad intelectual encuatro ciudades australianas tras la implementaci & oacute;n de presupuestosde apoyo individuales. Utilizamos el concepto de reparaci & oacute;n yel marco conceptual de paisajes de atenci & oacute;n y apoyo paraanalizar entrevistas con administradores de servicios convencionales.Nuestros hallazgos revelan que las organizaciones sin fines de lucrorealizan tareas cruciales para persuadir a los proveedores deservicios con fines de lucro a colaborar con ellos para mejorar suaccesibilidad e inclusi & oacute;n. Cuando estos servicios colaboran parareparar el acceso a los servicios, las organizaciones sin fines delucro a menudo asumen responsabilidades, costos y riesgos asociadospara fomentar ajustes reparativos en los servicios con fines delucro. Tambi & eacute;n es m & aacute;s probable que las organizaciones sin fines delucro tengan la tarea de realizar el trabajo relacional einterpersonal que es crucial para una reparaci & oacute;n exitosa delservicio. Nuestros hallazgos cuestionan los supuestos de que lacompetencia del libre mercado es el principal impulsor de unaprestaci & oacute;n de servicios m & aacute;s accesible e inclusiva y sugieren c & oacute;molas pol & iacute;ticas pueden respaldar un trabajo de reparaci & oacute;ncolaborativo m & aacute;s equitativo.",
+        "output": "Repairing disability access in competitive environments: drivers of inclusive service provision for people with intellectual disabilities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Despite a world-leading educational system, an achievement gap in educational outcomes exists between children of refugee background and native-born peers in Finland. To offer targeted support for children at schools, we need to be able to reliably assess and understand the interplay of the aspects of children's cognitive, social, and mental health functions that may explain the underachievement of refugee children. This study tests a novel research-based, universally applicable screening battery for evaluating cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of children at schools and planning supportive actions. It aims to answer research questions about a) the cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of refugee children compared with non-refugee immigrant and native-born children, b) the interplay of these different functions among refugee and other children,c) whether implementing a screening battery can inform schools in planning supportive actions for (refugee) children, and d) whether such supportive actions result in improvements in cognitive, social, and mental health functioning.METHODS: Four hundred fifty children aged 10-12 will be recruited from primary schools, including 150 children of refugee background, 150 of non-refugee immigrant background, and 150 native-born Finnish children. A screening battery including tasks and questionnaires on different aspects of cognitive, social, and mental health functioning will be used to assess the children in their classrooms at the start and end of a school year. Supporting information will also be collected from parents and teachers. The information gathered will be collated into class-level feedback reports for teachers and, with parental permission, individualized reports for multiprofessional student welfare bodies, for informing supportive actions. Correlational and latent profile analyses, ANOVAs, and linear regression will be used to answer the research questions.DISCUSSION: This study will help clarify how the interplay of cognitive, social, and mental health factors may explain underachievement at school among refugee children. It will provide evidence about the extent to which a standardized screening battery could be helpful in informing and planning supportive actions for children at schools, and whether such supportive actions can lead to positive cognitive, social, or mental health outcomes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study will be preregistered on the Open Science Framework.",
-        "output": "Cognitive, social, and mental health functions of refugee children - screening and supportive actions at school: a study protocol.",
+        "input": "Natural disasters devastate communities by damaging built infrastructure systems that support residential habitation, forcing people to evacuate from their homes, find alternative housing, and eventually rehabitate. Disaster mitigation projects can reduce damage to built infrastructure and community recovery time. Most mitigation projects are analyzed using monetary measures, thereby not fully accounting for benefits due to other factors, such as residential habitation, which are difficult to quantify and model. A recent US Army Corps of Engineers policy requires the inclusion of nonmonetary impacts in mitigation project analyses. However, rigorous modeling and quantification methods of nonmonetary impacts are needed. This paper describes such a modeling approach and the Disaster Habitation Model (DHM) for rigorously modeling and quantifying the habitation impacts of disaster mitigation projects for project analysis and selection. The DHM combines the impacts of critical internal infrastructure systems in a community to simulate habitation over a community's disaster experience. The approach and model are illustrated using the Halls Bayou watershed in Houston, Texas. Results estimate the habitation benefits of a proposed mitigation program and thereby provide a basis for including other social effects of projects in mitigation project analyses. The approach and method are found to be capable of realistically portraying disaster habitation behavior and are useful in quantifying improvements due to mitigation efforts. Application across different disaster types, mitigation efforts, limitations, and future development opportunities are discussed.",
+        "output": "Modeling Disaster Habitation for Improved Mitigation Project Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW DELHI - Shares of the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) witnessed a significant uptick today, following the announcement of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the  Indian Overseas Bank  (NS:IOBK). The collaboration is set to jointly finance renewable energy projects, aligning with India's commitments made at COP26 to ramp up non-fossil fuel-based electricity.The market response to the partnership has been notably positive, with IREDA's stock price increasing by over 4% on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and over 5% on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The shares reached highs of Rs 124.15 on the BSE and Rs 125.60 on the NSE.The strategic alliance between IREDA and the Indian Overseas Bank is intended to bolster India's sustainable energy sector by facilitating the syndication and underwriting of loans for renewable energy projects.Despite the surge in share prices and the promising outlook for renewable energy financing, some financial analysts remain cautious. They point to concerns regarding IREDA's earnings growth. This cautious stance by analysts signals that while the MoU has generated immediate market enthusiasm, there are underlying considerations that investors may need to monitor.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "IREDA's stock price surged over 4% on BSE and 5% on NSE following the announcement of an MoU with Indian Overseas Bank to jointly finance renewable energy projects, aligning with India's COP26 commitments. Despite the positive market response, some analysts remain cautious due to concerns about IREDA's earnings growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Given the increasing attention to glycemic variability (GV) and its potential implications for cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of acute GV on short-term outcomes in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: This study enrolled 7510 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute STEMI from 274 centers in China. GV was assessed using the coefficient of variation of blood glucose levels. Patients were categorized into three groups according to GV tertiles (GV1, GV2, and GV3). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent correlation between GV and the outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 7136 patients with STEMI were included. During 30-days follow-up, there was a significant increase in the incidence of all-cause death and MACEs with higher GV tertiles. The 30-days mortality rates were 7.4% for GV1, 8.7% for GV2 and 9.4% for GV3 (p=0.004), while the MACEs incidence rates was 11.3%, 13.8% and 15.8% for the GV1, GV2 and GV3 groups respectively (p<0.001). High GV levels during hospitalization were significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs. When analyzed as a continuous variable, GV was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.679, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.005-2.804) and MACEs (HR 2.064, 95% CI 1.386-3.074). Additionally, when analyzed as categorical variables, the GV3 group was found to predict an increased risk of MACEs, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM).CONCLUSION: Our study findings indicate that a high GV during hospitalization was significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACE in Chinese patients with STEMI. Moreover, acute GV emerged as an independent predictor of increased MACEs risk, regardless of DM status.",
+        "output": "Impact of acute glycemic variability on short-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a multicenter population-based study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Washington State legislators have attempted to regulate high delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis to reduce cannabis-related harms. Historically, industry actors of other health-compromising products have influenced governments' adoption of evidence-based regulation policies. A better understanding of the industry rhetoric can be used by public health advocates to develop counterarguments and disseminate alternative narratives that protect the public's health. We analyzed the arguments used by cannabis industry actors opposing regulations to de-incentivize the availability and use of high-THC products in Washington State.METHOD: We analyzed 41 testimonies transcribed from 33 cannabis industry actors in 3 public bill hearings and one legislative work session that occurred between 2020 and 2023. Using a deductive thematic analysis, informed by industry actors' arguments opposing regulation of alcohol, tobacco, and high-sugar beverages, we developed a codebook to analyze and identify themes within cannabis industry rhetorical strategies.RESULTS: We identified three main rhetorical strategies used by cannabis industry actors to oppose THC content regulation: threaten, distract, discredit. The most frequently used rhetorical strategy was threats to economic benefits, public health, and the will of the people. The other two most apparent strategies were distracting from the bill's focus by introducing a tangential topic and discrediting the science that supported regulation of cannabis products with high THC concentration or its advocates.CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis industry actors have leveraged several arguments used by industry actors of other health-compromising products to undermine initiatives to advance public health. They have also adapted rhetoric from other industries to the unique conditions of the cannabis regulatory landscape.",
-        "output": "Threaten, Distract, and Discredit: Cannabis Industry Rhetoric to Defeat Regulation of High-THC Cannabis Products in Washington State.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the change in physicians' hypertension treatment behavior before and after the reform of the capitation in county medical community.METHODS: Spanning from January 2014 to December 2019, monthly data of outpatient and inpatient were gathered before and after the implementation of the reform in April 2015. We employed interrupted time series analysis method to scrutinize the instantaneous level and slope changes in the indicators associated with physicians' behavior.RESULTS: Several indicators related to physicians' behavior demonstrated enhancement. After the reform, medical cost per visit for inpatient exhibited a reverse trajectory (-53.545, 95%CI: -78.620 to -28.470, p<0.01). The rate of change in outpatient drug combination decelerated (0.320, 95%CI: 0.149 to 0.491, p<0.01). The ratio of infusion declined for both outpatient and inpatient cases (-0.107, 95%CI: -0.209 to -0.004, p<0.1; -0.843, 95%CI: -1.154 to -0.532, p<0.01). However, the results revealed that overall medical cost per visit and drug proportion for outpatient care continued their initial upward trend. After the reform, the decline of drug proportion for outpatient care was less pronounced compared to the period prior to the reform, and length of stay also had a similar trend.CONCLUSION: To some extent, capitation under the county medical community encourages physicians to control the cost and adopt a more standardized diagnosis and treatment behavior. This study provides evidence to consider the impact of policy changes on physicians' behavior when designing payment methods and healthcare systems aimed at promoting PHC.",
+        "output": "Impact of capitation on physicians' behavior among patients with hypertension: an interrupted time series study in rural China.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this visual essay, Mazen Kerbaj and Jana Traboulsi bear witness to the genocidal violence that has been unfolding in Gaza since 7 October 2023. From Berlin and Lebanon, respectively, Kerbaj and Traboulsi have been chronicling and responding to the harrowing day-to-day news and testimonies from Gaza. Their drawings raise fundamental questions about what it is to bear witness to genocide as it unfolds, about the politics of seeing as an act of solidarity against imposed invisibility and about racialized sight - the eye that refuses to see what is hiding in plain sight.",
-        "output": "Gaza in plain sight: witnessing in solidarity",
+        "input": "The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.",
+        "output": "Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Indian markets on Wednesday hit the historic $4 trillion market cap milestone for the first time. Currently, there are only three countries in the $4-trillion-plus mcap club--US, China and Japan. Hong Kong too, is part of the club. However, a large contribution is on account of companies belonging elsewhere, mainly China.Market value of all BSE-listed companies currently is at a record high of Rs 333 trillion, translating into $4 trillion.With a market cap of almost $48 trillion US is by-far the world's largest equity market. Followed by China ($9.7 trillion) and Japan ($6 trillion).According to Bloomberg data, India\u2019s market cap has risen nearly 15 per cent so far this calendar year, even as China\u2019s has seen a 5 per cent erosion in its market cap. The US is the only market in the top-10 market cap club which has grown at a faster clip than India at 17 per cent. The combined world market cap has grown 10 per cent this year to $106 trillion.The mcap gains this year are propelled by gains in the broader market mid- and small-cap stocks. Stocks outside the top-100 now contribute 40 per cent to the country\u2019s market cap, up from 35 per cent during the start of this financial year.Since April 1, India\u2019s mcap has risen 27 per cent. Meanwhile, the mcap of top 100 companies has growth 17 per cent to Rs 195 trillion, while those outside the top 100 have seen their market value surge 46 per cent to Rs 133 trillion.\u201cIndia's correlation of returns with global equities continues to decline and is lower than in history. That said, India is a large stock market in terms of capitalisation in a global context and cannot completely deviate from global equity market trends. Softer global markets could cap absolute returns whereas a strong global bull market could coincide with relative underperformance for low-beta market like India,\u201d says Ridham Desai, MD & Head of Research, Morgan Stanley India.Analysts say achieving the $4 trillion mcap milestone will burnish India\u2019s image as the go-to market in the Asia and Emerging Market (EM) basket.India\u2019s strong earnings, macro stability and domestic flows make it a standout market, say analysts. In recent weeks, about half a dozen foreign brokerages, that includes Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, Morgan Stanley and CLSA, have recommended higher allocation to India in the EM and Asia Pacific (APAC) basket even as valuations remain pricey vis-\u00e0-vis its peers.\u201cIndia has the best structural growth prospects in the region. We believe GDP growth is likely to stay robust at 6.3 per cent year-on-year in 2024. While the external macro backdrop of high for longer rates, persistent dollar strength, lower China growth and greater geopolitical uncertainty, could potentially lead to elevated market volatility in the region, India is relatively less sensitive to these external shocks,\u201d says Sunil Koul, APAC Equity Strategist, Goldman Sachs. Earlier this month, the US-based brokerage upgraded its stance on the Indian markets to \u2018overweight\u2019.",
-        "output": "India's stock market has reached a historic $4 trillion market capitalization, joining the exclusive club of the US, China, and Japan. This milestone is driven by strong earnings, macro stability, and domestic flows, making India an attractive investment destination in the Asia and Emerging Market basket.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Interactions with the Roman Empire presumably enhanced social differentiation and caused the emergence of an elite class among Gothic communities in present-day northern Poland (Pomerania) in the first centuries AD. Arguably, the process is documented archaeologically by the presence of exceptional burials, richly furnished with imported artefacts. Such features were discovered at the Wielbark culture cemetery in Czarnowko, however, due to poor preservation neither their infills nor the interred human remains have previously been fully examined. We studied (by means of osteological, Sr isotope, anthracological and soil analyses) a newly-found, well-preserved cremation grave in order to assess (1) the biological profile, geographical origin and mobility of the buried individual, (2) details of the multi-stage funerary practice, and (3) the formation of the grave-pit infill. Most probably, the grave belonged to a senilis woman who was born and spent her final years in Pomerania, seemingly living in good health. Except for outstanding grave goods, her funeral reassembled other Wielbark culture cremation interments: the body was burned shortly after death on a birch-wood pyre, together with single artefacts, at high temperatures, with good oxygen supply, until the calcination of bones. The burned remains were separated from the pyre debris and randomly deposited in the urn. The vessel was placed at the bottom of a pit and covered with sand containing charcoals. Subsequently, the grave was re-opened and backfilled once again. This singular cremation burial reflects the idea of eliteness in the local Gothic community - Roman-influenced but rooted in Wielbark culture traditions. However, to address the issue of social stratification comprehensively, similar research focused on graves of common people is required.",
+        "output": "Being elite among Goths: multi-proxy analysis of a Roman period cremation princely grave from Czarn\u00f3wko (Pomerania, North Poland)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The aim of this paper is to contribute to the concept of design literacy by exploring what it means to learn design literacy through making. To support my argumentation, I draw on a case study where I followed two student teachers of design and craft as they learned design literacy through woodworking. Due to Covid-19, the learning environment was located at the students' homes rather than the design and craft studio at the university. Two research questions guide the case study: What stories does the student recall from learning woodworking and what do these stories provide that are relevant for learning design literacy? Three 'making' stories are presented from the case study: (1) Making with the unknown, (2) Making alone educationally, and (3) The affective and embodied making. These stories provide numerous making skills that are relevant when teaching and learning for design literacy, which is further discussed in the paper.",
-        "output": "New Learning Environments in Design and Craft Education - Acknowledging the Learning of Design Literacy",
+        "input": "Rather than confining the investigation solely to intentions, as typically done within the unifinality paradigm (e.g. Structural Equation Modeling with prespecified hypotheses), this paper extends the traditional approach by delving into the actual behaviors of tourists through diverse pathways. Employing mixed methods, we aim to uncover potential explanations for the formation of green behavioral patterns among tourists. While our findings reveal a limited variance in behavior explained solely by intention, it is imperative to recognize the critical role of intention as a significant determinant of behavior, as supported by our empirical data.",
+        "output": "Exploring multifaceted pathways: understanding behavioral formation in green tourism selection through fsQCA",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 11 (IANS) The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has finally approved a number of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded product (ETP) shares and with the decision, the world's largest cryptocurrency has joined the global financial system.The decision will make around a dozen spot Bitcoin ETFs available to investors, such as those from Grayscale, Fidelity and BlackRock (NYSE:BLK).\"While we approved the listing and trading of certain spot bitcoin ETP shares, we did not approve or endorse bitcoin. Investors should remain cautious about the myriad risks associated with bitcoin and products whose value is tied to crypto,\" SEC Chair Gary Gensler said in a statement late on Wednesday.For the last 10 years, the SEC denied all attempts to create a Bitcoin ETF.Gensler said that the decision should in no way signal the Commission's willingness to approve listing standards for crypto asset securities.\"Nor does the approval signal anything about the Commission\u2019s views as to the status of other crypto assets under the federal securities laws or about the current state of non-compliance of certain crypto asset market participants with the federal securities laws,\" Gensler informed.The vast majority of crypto assets are investment contracts and thus subject to the federal securities laws.The sponsors of bitcoin ETPs will be required to provide full, fair, and truthful disclosure about the products.\u201cWhile these disclosures are required, it is important to note that today\u2019s action does not endorse the disclosed ETP arrangements, such as custody arrangements,\u201d said the Commission.These products will be listed and traded on registered national securities exchanges.\u201cWe will monitor them closely to ensure that they are enforcing those rules,\u201d said the SEC.The existing rules and standards of conduct will apply to the purchase and sale of the approved ETPs.Earlier this week, the US SEC saw its X account hacked for a brief time, with a post claiming it has approved listings for Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs).Gensler later clarified in a post on his X account that the agency\u2019s account was \u201ccompromised, and an unauthorised tweet was posted\u201d.--IANSna/prw",
-        "output": "The SEC has approved a number of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded product (ETP) shares, making Bitcoin available to investors through around a dozen spot Bitcoin ETFs. The decision comes after 10 years of denying all attempts to create a Bitcoin ETF.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper introduces a novel class of negative-stiffness (NS) core sandwich composite structures that exhibit unique mechanical performance, including shape recovery, superelasticity, and energy absorption (EA) in bending and shear mode. The core of these structures consists of a periodic cellular arrangement of double-curved beams that undergo consecutive local snap-buckling transitions between multiple equilibrium states, enabling the structures to change shape reversibly between their initial and deformed configurations. To characterize the force-displacement relationship of the core, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using a combination of 3D printed models and finite-element simulations. The metamaterial core with gradient-thickness negative-stiffness beams were examined under uniform compression, demonstrating that the snap-through behavior of the curved beams was intricately controlled by the beam thickness in each row. The numerical simulations accurately predicted the deformation characteristics of the graded cellular core, supporting the design of a metamaterial core with functionally varied beam thickness for nonuniform transverse loading. This led to spatially controlled NS core material with specific EA of around 50 J kg-1 and an apparent core shear strength of 0.1 MPa, all mainly within the reusable elastic regime. The resulting sandwich structures efficiently mitigated the localized effect from concentrated compressive forces and achieved complete snap-through buckling in all curve beams. Three-point bending response revealed three distinct phases of flexural deformation: the local facial bending phase, the sequential core-snapping superelastic phase, and the global bending phase.",
+        "output": "Functionally varied negative-stiffness metamaterial core sandwich structures with three-phase bending deformation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Nanovoids within a polyamide layer play an important role in the separation performance of thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To form more extensive nanovoids for enhanced performance, one commonly used method is to incorporate sacrificial nanofillers in the polyamide layer during the exothermic interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction, followed by some post-etching processes. However, these post-treatments could harm the membrane integrity, thereby leading to reduced selectivity. In this study, we applied in situ self-etchable sacrificial nanofillers by taking advantage of the strong acid and heat generated in IP. CaCO3 nanoparticles (nCaCO(3)) were used as the model nanofillers, which can be in situ etched by reacting with H+ to leave void nanostructures behind. This reaction can further degas CO2 nanobubbles assisted by heat in IP to form more nanovoids in the polyamide layer. These nanovoids can facilitate water transport by enlarging the effective surface filtration area of the polyamide and reducing hydraulic resistance to significantly enhance water permeance. The correlations between the nanovoid properties and membrane performance were systematically analyzed. We further demonstrate that the nCaCO(3)-tailored membrane can improve membrane antifouling propensity and rejections to boron and As(III) compared with the control. This study investigated a novel strategy of applying self-etchable gas precursors to engrave the polyamide layer for enhanced membrane performance, which provides new insights into the design and synthesis of TFC membranes.",
-        "output": "Engraving Polyamide Layers by In Situ Self-Etchable CaCO3 Nanoparticles Enhances Separation Properties and Antifouling Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes",
+        "input": "This study investigated the Chinese millennials' perspectives of tourism sustainability using Hofstede's five-dimensional model. It examined the relationship between their environmental attitudes and hedonic/utilitarian values. According to the findings, collectivism had a positive impact on their pro-environmental attitude, evident in both their preferences and behaviors. Large power distance as well as high tolerance for uncertainty, conversely, resulted in a less pro-environmental attitude. Simultaneously, their masculinity, as expressed in their tendency to obtain more profit in advance, was harmful. This research adds to a greater understanding of cultural and individual values and suggests marketing strategies to advocate for environmentally conscious behaviors.",
+        "output": "Do cultural and individual values influence sustainable tourism and pro-environmental behavior? Focusing on Chinese millennials",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.",
-        "output": "Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.",
+        "input": "The rising occurrence and notable public health consequences of skin cancer, especially of the most challenging form known as melanoma, have created an urgent demand for more advanced approaches to disease management. The integration of modern computer vision methods into clinical procedures offers the potential for enhancing the detection of skin cancer . The UNet model has gained prominence as a valuable tool for this objective, continuously evolving to tackle the difficulties associated with the inherent diversity of dermatological images. These challenges stem from diverse medical origins and are further complicated by variations in lighting, patient characteristics, and hair density. In this work, we present an innovative end-to-end trainable network crafted for the segmentation of skin cancer . This network comprises an encoder-decoder architecture, a novel feature extraction block, and a densely connected multi-rate Atrous convolution block. We evaluated the performance of the proposed lightweight skin cancer segmentation network (LSCS-Net) on three widely used benchmark datasets for skin lesion segmentation: ISIC 2016, ISIC 2017, and ISIC 2018. The generalization capabilities of LSCS-Net are testified by the excellent performance on breast cancer and thyroid nodule segmentation datasets. The empirical findings confirm that LSCS-net attains state-of-the-art results, as demonstrated by a significantly elevated Jaccard index.",
+        "output": "LSCS-Net: A lightweight skin cancer segmentation network with densely connected multi-rate atrous convolution.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.",
-        "output": "Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods",
+        "input": "The morphological characteristics of starch granules preserved on ancient ground stone tools can reveal which plant species were processed and consumed and even infer tool function. Bedrock metates are commonly associated with the processing of localized seasonal resources, providing potential evidence for past human lifeways, including foods collected and processed, social gatherings, settlement patterns, land investment, and territorial behavior. In contrast to ground stone artifacts preserved in a buried context that have been studied extensively, limited starch research has been conducted on the potential for environmental contamination of open-air bedrock mortars and metates exposed to natural erosional elements. This project examines the residue samples of bedrock metates from three archaeological sites in southern Oregon in the United States to compare the starch yields of extraneous material cleaned from the grinding surface to those extracted from interstitial matrices deeper within the bedrock. Significantly greater number of starch granules were recovered from deep within the cracks and crevices than from the surface. Our study suggests that environmental contamination can be managed if separate surface and control samples are collected and analyzed in conjunction with the interstitial samples. Examining the potential for environmental contamination on exposed grinding surfaces is crucial for confidence in starch granule results and improving our understanding of human dietary behavior.Las caracteristicas morfologicas de los granos de almidon que se han conservado en antiguos artefactos de piedra para moler pueden mostrar cuales especies de plantas eran utilizadas para su consumo y produccion, asi como la funcion de la herramienta. El uso de los metates de piedra madre suelen asociarse con el proceso y uso de recursos naturales de la zona y la temporada, y son evidencia del comportamiento humano del pasado, de los alimentos recolectados y procesados, de las relaciones sociales y modelos de asentamiento, del uso de la tierra y alteracion del territorio. A diferencia de los artefactos de piedra madre conservados bajo tierra, las investigaciones sobre el almidon hallado en los metates de piedra madre expuestos al aire libre y que han sido afectados por la contaminacion ambiental y la erosion, han sido muy limitadas. Este proyecto examina las muestras de residuos encontrados en metates de piedra madre de tres sitios arqueologicos en el sur de Oregon, en los Estados Unidos de America, el cual compara el rendimiento de almidon de material externo obtenido de la superficie del metate con los materiales extraidos de fuentes intersticiales de la parte profunda de la piedra. El resultado mostro la recuperacion de una mayor cantidad de granulos de almidon obtenido de las grietas y hendiduras en comparacion a los obtenidos en la superficie. Nuestro estudio propone que el efecto de la contaminacion ambiental puede ser mejor interpretado si las muestras intersticiales y las hechas en la superficie de los artefactos se colectan y analizan de manera conjunta. Es crucial examinar el grado de contaminacion ambiental en la superficie de las piedras de moler con el fin de aumentar la credibilidad en los resultados de los granulos de almidon y mejorar nuestro entendimiento sobre el comportamiento alimenticio de los humanos.",
+        "output": "Starch Granule Yields from Open-Air Metates Unaffected by Environmental Contamination",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stable isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen (delta C-13, delta N-15) of archaeological grains/seeds recovered from different cultural layers of an Indus (Harappan) archaeological site 4MSR (29 degrees 12'87.2N; 73 degrees 9'421E; Binjor, western Rajasthan, India) provide insights into the Harappan agriculture between similar to 2900 to similar to 1800 BCE. The delta C-13 values were used to retrieve hydrological status, while delta N-15 values were used to gauge agricultural intensification. Isotopic data of grains/seeds were generated representing three Indus phases (i) Early phase (similar to 2900-2600 BCE), (ii) Transitional phase (similar to 2600-2500 BCE), and (iii) Mature phase (similar to 2500-1800 BCE). We find delta C-13 values of barley grains (winter crop) varied in overlapping ranges for all the three phases -21.34 parts per thousand +/- 1.9; -22.55 parts per thousand +/- 1.6 and -22.75 parts per thousand +/- 1.7 respectively (n=10 for each phase) indicating insignificant changes in hydrology for winter crops. For summer crops like cotton, average delta C-13 values for Transitional phase -23.44 parts per thousand +/- 1.8 were not significantly different from those of Mature phase -22.55 parts per thousand +/- 2.5. The delta N-15(barley) values varied in wider range, however, intra-phase variability appears to have overlapping values but showing overall increase from Early (7.72 parts per thousand +/- 1.8) to Mature phase (11.17 parts per thousand +/- 7.2) indicating a plausible agricultural intensification. We also measured delta C-13 of host soil organic matter (SOM) and sediment delta N-15 to assess regional environmental conditions. In contrast to the trends observed for archaeological grains/seeds, delta C-13(SOM) values showed a statistically significant enriching trend from Early (-23.54 parts per thousand +/- 1.4) to Mature phase (-20.40 parts per thousand +/- 1.9) hinting a growing aridity in the region. We surmise that Harappan farmers of western Rajasthan region might be managing arable hydrological conditions in their fields through agricultural interventions to continue agriculture practices despite growing aridity in the vicinity. The high proportion of water-demanding crop cotton during the Mature phase despite of changing environmental conditions, also corroborate our interpretation, possibly grown for the trade purposes.",
-        "output": "Agricultural resilience and land-use from an Indus settlement in north-western India: Inferences from stable Carbon and Nitrogen isotopes of archaeobotanical remains",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) is an indicator of the average lifespan in good health. Through this study, we aimed to identify regional disparities in the gap between HALE and life expectancy, considering the trends that have changed over time in Korea.METHODS: We employed a group-based multi-trajectory modeling approach to capture trends in the gap between HALE and life expectancy at the regional level from 2008 to 2019. HALE was calculated using incidence-based years lived with disability. This methodology was also employed in the Korean National Burden of Disease Study.RESULTS: Based on five different information criteria, the most fitted number of trajectory groups was seven, with at least 11 regions in each group. Among the seven groups, one had an exceptionally large gap between HALE and life expectancy compared to that of the others. This group was assigned to 17 regions, of which six were metropolitan cities.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we identified regions in which health levels have deteriorated over time, particularly within specific areas of metropolitan cities. These findings can be used to design comprehensive policy interventions for community health promotion and urban regeneration projects in the future.",
+        "output": "Trends of Gaps Between Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy at the Regional Level in Korea Using a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modeling Approach (2008-2019).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In times of person-centered care, it is all the more important to support patients in making good decisions about their care. One way to offer such support to patients is by way of Patient Decision Aids (PDAs). Ranging from patient brochures to web-based tools, PDAs explicitly state the decisions patients face, inform them about their medical options, help them to clarify and discuss their values, and ultimately make a decision. However, lingering discussions surround effectiveness research on PDAs. In this article, I focus on two subjective measures of decision quality that are widely used as outcome measures in effectiveness research on PDAs (i.e., the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and measures of regret). Although these measurement instruments have attracted critical attention in the scientific literature, bioethicists have hardly engaged with them. Therefore, I set myself to analyze the relationship between (the different subscales of) the DCS and measures of regret, on the one hand, and ethical principles such as beneficence and autonomy, on the other hand. In light of that analysis, I will clarify some discussions regarding the use of these measures of decision quality in effectiveness research on PDAs. This should help us to align the way we evaluate PDAs with ethical principles and avoid that our attempts to support patients in making good decisions about their care that is so central to person-centered care point in unethical directions.",
-        "output": "On subjective measures of decision quality",
+        "input": "The effect of spatial variability on the liquefaction prediction and liquefaction-induced ground failure of a soil profile with thinly interbedded layer of sand and clay was examined using simplified procedures and fully coupled two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA). The Palinurus Road site in Christchurch, New Zealand, subjected to the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch events, was selected for the analyses. The liquefaction vulnerability of the site was estimated using one-dimensional (1D) liquefaction vulnerability indices (LVIs), and the results were compared with the results of NDAs and field observations. Spatially correlated random fields conditioned on corrected cone penetration tests (CPTs) were generated based on sand-like and claylike portions of the interbedded soil profile. CPT data were corrected for the thin-layer and transition zone effects. The generated random fields were assigned to the interbedded layer of the stochastic model to examine the effect of spatial variability on the system dynamic response, cross-interaction between layers, and liquefaction-induced diffusion during the evolution of liquefaction and postliquefaction. The potential of sediment ejecta manifestation using the artesian flow potential (AFP) and ejecta potential index (EPI) also was investigated for the stochastic models and compared with those of deterministic models. This study demonstrates the value of advanced 2D NDA modeling with realistic soil spatial variability for understanding inconsistent ejecta predictions from simplified tools. The approach can guide future refinements to assessment procedures and provide insights into key factors controlling manifestation in complex stratified sites.",
+        "output": "Liquefaction Potential and Sediment Ejecta Manifestation of Thinly Interbedded Sands and Fine-Grained Soils: Palinurus Road Site in Christchurch Subjected to 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The difficulty of collecting maize leaf lesion characteristics in an environment that undergoes frequent changes, suffers varying illumination from lighting sources, and is influenced by a variety of other factors makes detecting diseases in maize leaves difficult. It is critical to monitor and identify plant leaf diseases during the initial growing period to take suitable preventative measures. In this work, wepropose an automated maize leaf disease recognition system constructed using the PRF-SVM model. The PRFSVM model was constructed by combining three powerful components: PSPNet, ResNet50, and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (Fuzzy SVM). The combination of PSPNet and ResNet50 not only assures that the model can capture delicate visual features but also allows for end-to-end training for smooth integration.Fuzzy SVM is included as a final classification layer to accommodate the inherent fuzziness and uncertainty in real-world image data.Five different maize crop diseases (common rust, southern rust, grey leaf spot, maydis leaf blight, and turcicum leaf blight along with healthy leaves) are selected from the Plant Village dataset for the algorithm's evaluation. The average accuracy achieved using the proposed method is approximately 96.67%. The PRFSVM model achieves an average accuracy rating of 96.67% and a mAP value of 0.81, demonstrating the efficacy of our approach for detecting and classifying various forms of maize leaf diseases.",
-        "output": "Maize leaf disease recognition using PRF-SVM integration: a breakthrough technique.",
+        "input": "We study various physical quantities of objects with petal shapes. N-petal shapes exhibit N-fold rotational symmetry. Furthermore, they might have an additional characteristic: the equation defining their boundaries could be represented by F(N theta). We will show that physical quantities of objects with these characteristics may show strange properties. By 'physical quantities', we refer to aspects such as electric potential and electric field due to a charged petal-shaped plate or cylinder on the rotation axis, their mass and moment of inertia. We are going to show that for such objects, these physical observables do not depend on the number of petals, N. This intriguing result has a simple reason.",
+        "output": "Strange property of physical quantities of some petal shape objects",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article builds a case for raising occupational consciousness by critically questioning ahistorical and apolitical uses of battle language, especially when referring to infectious diseases. Words such as invasion, colonization, and resistance are particularly ethically troubling, and this article considers why the social practices our language brings about matter in health care. Dynamic relationships among humans and microbes, as well as metaphor, are considered here in historical context and through the lens of Derrida's portmanteau hostipitality, which invites reconsideration of an infectious disease notion of host and how conceptions of hospitality have been institutionalized and commodified. This article argues that language used in infectious disease care settings should be informed by coexistence as a guiding value of clinical and ethical relevance.",
-        "output": "Why We Need to Change How We Talk About Infectious Disease.",
+        "input": "Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is effective for treating common cutaneous malignancies, but complex repairs may often present challenges for reconstruction. This paper explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in MMS, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. 3D printing technologies show promise in advancing skin regeneration and refining surgical techniques in dermatologic surgery. A PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: Three-dimensional bioprinting OR 3-D printing AND Mohs OR Mohs surgery OR Surgery. Peer-reviewed English articles discussing medical applications of 3D bioprinting were included, while non-peer-reviewed and non-English articles were excluded. Patients using 3D MMS models had lower anxiety scores (3.00 to 1.7, p<0.0001) and higher knowledge assessment scores (5.59 or 93.25% correct responses), indicating better understanding of their procedure. Surgical residents using 3D models demonstrated improved proficiency in flap reconstructions (p=0.002) and knowledge assessment (p=0.001). Additionally, 3D printing offers personalized patient care through tailored surgical guides and anatomical models, reducing intraoperative time while enhancing surgical. Concurrently, efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being explored as potential alternatives to address organ donor shortages, eliminating autografting needs. However, challenges like limited training and technological constraints persist. Integrating optical coherence tomography with 3D bioprinting may expedite grafting, but challenges remain in pre-printing grafts for complex cases. Regulatory and ethical considerations are paramount for patient safety, and further research is needed to understand long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. While promising, significant advancements are necessary for full utilization in MMS.",
+        "output": "3D bioprinting: a review and potential applications for Mohs micrographic surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Our image of the Roman landscape of Istria is characterised by large-scale centuriation and architectural remains of Roman villae. Detection and mapping of other, less dramatic landscape features require systematic large-scale prospection, but this faces significant difficulties in the Mediterranean environment. However, the developments in the field of airborne laser scanning offer the possibility to create archaeologically usable digital terrain models under water and under very dense and low maquis vegetation. This paper reports on the use of terrain models created using a green laser and a sophisticated archaeologically driven ground point filtering strategy. Combined with archaeological aerial photo interpretation, this provides the means for landscape mapping and interpretation that has revealed a wealth of archaeological structures hinting at Roman agricultural practices and landscape. Our case study is based on a laser scan of about 24 km2 of land and underwater terrain in Medulin Bay. Processed, visualised and interpreted for archaeological purposes, the data reveal not only features ranging from prehistoric hilltop settlements to modern military installations but also features a complex picture of the Roman land use. Of particular interest is the large number of planting pits, which extend over a total length of 4 km. They were laid on a regular grid of approximately 35 x 35 m, sometimes combined in contiguous parcels. They can be interpreted as remains of orchards or tree nurseries of Roman date, and the paper examines also the question of whether they can be linked to the associated Roman estates. The case study area presented here shows that the potential of remote sensing methods goes far beyond the mere finding of traditional sites but can open up new landscape-scale perspectives on regions that have been archaeologically little explored.",
-        "output": "Intensively Cultivated Roman Villae Estates: Case Study of Medulin Bay (Istria, Croatia)",
+        "input": "ObjectiveTo investigate the trajectories and potential categories of changes in the sense of coherence (SOC) in patients after colorectal cancer surgery and to analyze predictive factors. MethodsFrom January to July 2023, 175 patients with colorectal cancer treated at a tertiary Grade A oncology hospital in Jiangsu Province were selected as the study subjects. Prior to surgery, SOC-13 scale, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to survey the patients. SOC levels were measured multiple times at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery. Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) was applied to fit the trajectory changes of SOC in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive factors of SOC trajectory changes. ResultsThe SOC scores of patients at points T1-T4 were (65.27 +/- 9.20), (63.65 +/- 10.41), (63.85 +/- 11.84), and (61.56 +/- 12.65), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that gender, employment status, disease stage, household monthly income, intestinal stoma, nutritional status, illness perception, and social support were predictors of SOC trajectory changes (P < 0.05). ConclusionThere is heterogeneity in the trajectory changes of SOC in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. Healthcare professionals should implement early precision interventions based on the patterns of changes and predictive factors in each trajectory category.",
+        "output": "Analysis of trajectory changes and predictive factors of sense of coherence in patients after colorectal cancer surgery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has recently been considered one of archaeology's most preferred analytical techniques because of its simplicity; it does not need sample preparation, is fast, is a quasi-nondestructive analytical technique, and is cost-effective. Besides, LIBS can perform stratigraphic measurements, which are of significant interest in cultural heritage samples. Such pros facilitate utilizing LIBS in situ, e.g., in museums and excavation sites. In the present work, LIBS has been used to analyze black resin remains and gold fragments used in mummification and collected from the Ptahemwia tomb in the vicinity of Djoser's Step Pyramid at Sakkara. The IR (1064 nm) and the UV (355 nm) laser wavelengths have been used in the LIBS measurements. The results revealed both samples' emission line intensity dependence on the laser wavelength. In this regard, elements such as Na, Ca, Mo, and CN (molecular band) for black resin and Au, Ag, and Cu for gold samples were detected as significant elements. It has been found that the detection sensitivity achieved by the LIBS technique was higher when using the UV laser. This is crucial in detecting rare earth elements REE (Y, La) and/or minor elements (Nb, Zr) in the samples under study. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been used to validate the LIBS results for the same samples. In agreement with what is reported in the literature, the LIBS and the EDX spectroscopic results showed that the black resin investigated in the present study is bitumen in its composition. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "LIBS utilization for the elemental analysis of black resin and gold used by ancient Egyptians in embalming",
+        "input": "The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provides science-based advice on dietary intake to promote health, reduce risk of chronic disease, and meet nutrient needs. It is jointly published by the United States Departments of Health and Human Services and Agriculture (USDA) every 5 y. As chronic diseases continue to rise to pervasive levels, helping the United States population follow the DGA is especially important for improving the health of our nation. The DGA is developed using a rigorous and transparent scientific process, and with the advice of an independent, external committee of leading scientists. Career federal nutrition scientists who manage the process ensure that the methods used to develop the DGA remain state of the art. Unfortunately, misinformation about the scientific basis, transparency, and relevance of the DGA for the United States population threatens its credibility. The main objective of this article is to correct this misinformation with factual information about the process used to develop the DGA. The DGA provides guidelines for the general public, and its primary audience includes policymakers and nutrition and health professionals who help individuals and families consume a healthy dietary pattern. Providing accurate information may bolster trust in the recommendations among these audiences while improving implementation across sectors to promote better adherence to the DGA, thereby improving diet quality among the United States population.",
+        "output": "Addressing misinformation about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Reviewed by Matthijs Metselaar, a specialist in fish health and production.",
-        "output": "A 'must-have' book for vets working with aquatic species.",
+        "input": "Importance Arterial hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and periodic breathing increase the vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia at altitude. Objective To explore the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in healthy individuals at high altitudes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study involved healthy individuals at altitude (8849 m) on Mount Everest, Nepal. Recruitment occurred from January 25 to May 9, 2023, and data analysis took place from June to July 2023. Exposure All study participants underwent 12-lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, and exercise stress testing before and ambulatory rhythm recording both before and during the expedition. Main Outcome The incidence of a composite of supraventricular (>30 seconds) and ventricular (>3 beats) tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia (sinoatrial arrest, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block). Results Of the 41 individuals recruited, 100% were male, and the mean (SD) age was 33.6 (8.9) years. On baseline investigations, there were no signs of exertional ischemia, wall motion abnormality, or cardiac arrhythmia in any of the participants. Among 34 individuals reaching basecamp at 5300 m, 32 participants climbed to 7900 m or higher, and 14 reached the summit of Mount Everest. A total of 45 primary end point-relevant events were recorded in 13 individuals (38.2%). Forty-three bradyarrhythmic events were documented in 13 individuals (38.2%) and 2 ventricular tachycardias in 2 individuals (5.9%). Nine arrhythmias (20%) in 5 participants occurred when climbers were using supplemental bottled oxygen, whereas 36 events (80%) in 11 participants occurred at lower altitudes when no supplemental bottled oxygen was used. The proportion of individuals with arrhythmia remained stable across levels of increasing altitude, while event rates per 24 hours numerically increased between 5300 m (0.16 per 24 hours) and 7300 m (0.37 per 24 hours) before decreasing again at higher altitudes, where supplemental oxygen was used. None of the study participants reported dizziness or syncope. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, more than 1 in 3 healthy individuals experienced cardiac arrhythmia during the climb of Mount Everest, thereby confirming the association between exposure to high altitude and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Future studies should explore the potential implications of these rhythm disturbances.",
+        "output": "Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Climbers on Mount Everest",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - BlackRock (NYSE:BLK), the world's largest asset manager, has initiated a television advertising campaign for its iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), specifically aiming to attract affluent baby boomers. The initiative by BlackRock comes as part of a growing movement among established financial institutions to incorporate Bitcoin into their product offerings. Notably, firms like Ark Invest, VanEck, and Grayscale have also been promoting their Bitcoin ETFs, signaling a significant shift towards mainstream acceptance of digital assets.The advertising strategies of these key players are not just about attracting a new segment of investors but are also seen as a way to influence investor sentiment more broadly. As these firms compete for a share of the market, they are focusing on the potential of Bitcoin to complement traditional investments, a message that is particularly tailored to appeal to the more conservative investment approach often favored by baby boomers.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "BlackRock, the world's largest asset manager, has launched a TV advertising campaign for its iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), targeting affluent baby boomers as part of a growing trend among established financial institutions to incorporate Bitcoin into their offerings. This move signals a shift towards mainstream acceptance of digital assets, with firms like Ark Invest, VanEck, and Grayscale also promoting their Bitcoin ETFs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Mothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged\u226535years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged\u226535years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.RESULTS: Out of 417 participants, most were aged 35-37years (n=206; 49.4%), and had parity\u22655 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n=157, 95%CI: 33.1-42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.95, 95%CI: 1.44-2.65), prolonged labour, lasting>12h (aPR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.48-3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.34-3.9).CONCLUSION: Approximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population.",
+        "output": "Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.",
-        "output": "Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey",
+        "input": "Stratigraphic data form the backbone of archaeological records from excavated sites and are essential for the integrated analysis and wider interpretation of artefacts and sites. Accessible archiving of this data is therefore vital for understanding and revisiting such interpretations. Here, the authors highlight the need for more consistent digital records of stratigraphic and associated temporal relationships derived during post-excavation analysis phasing activities. They argue for the distillation of best practice in post-excavation procedures and the application of consistent and persistent terminology to make this fundamental archaeological data sustainably FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) and 'Open' across present-day geopolitical and spatiotemporal boundaries.",
+        "output": "Resurrecting, reinterpreting and reusing stratigraphy: an afterlife for archaeological data",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ABSTRACT: Donnelly, S, Collins, K, Burns, C, O'Neill, C, and Mangan, S. A comparison of elite and sub-elite match-play running performance of Gaelic football players. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 912-923, 2024-This research aimed to examine differences in match-play running performance between elite and sub-elite Gaelic football players. Global Positioning System devices were used to record the match-play running performance of sub-elite and elite players during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. In total, 783 samples were collected from 31 sub-elite and 30 elite players, from 1 elite and 1 sub-elite team. Comparisons were made on a team and positional level. Statistical significance was accepted at p \u2264 0.05. Significant positional differences were present between all positions with varying effect sizes (ESs) and p-values. Effect size was used to determine the magnitude of statistical difference. On a team level, the elite covered significantly more relative distance (p = 0.021, ES = 0.007) and elicited significantly higher average speed (p = 0.023, ES = 0.007) in quarters 2, 3, and 4 than the sub-elite. The elite covered significantly more relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012) in quarter 3 and performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009) in quarter 4. In quarter 1, the sub-elite performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009), relative high-speed running (\u226517 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.011, ES = 0.009), and relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012). Power events were defined as the estimation of the number of events that depend on anaerobic processes. The present study indicates that elite players possess superior conditioning, ability to read match-play, pacing, and anaerobic capacity. Sub-elite teams may use the present study to inform their training to potentially improve conditioning, pacing, and anaerobic capacity.",
-        "output": "A Comparison of Elite and Sub-elite Match-Play Running Performance of Gaelic Football Players.",
+        "input": "Importance With exposure to traumatic events and reduced access to mental health care, adolescents of Ukraine during the Russian invasion since February 2022 are at high risk of psychiatric conditions. However, the actual mental health burden of the war has scarcely been documented. Objective To investigate the prevalence of a positive screen for psychiatric conditions among adolescents amidst the ongoing war in Ukraine as well as their associations with war exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study reports the results from the first wave of the Adolescents of Ukraine During the Russian Invasion cohort, the largest cohort study on Ukrainian adolescents' mental health during the Russian invasion since 2022. Using self-reported questionnaires, the national-level prevalence of a positive screen for various psychiatric conditions was estimated among adolescents aged 15 years or older attending secondary school in Ukraine in person or online (including those residing abroad but attending Ukrainian secondary school online) and the prevalence among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad due to the war. Exposure Self-reported exposure to war. Main Outcomes and Measures A positive screen for psychiatric conditions. The association between self-reported war exposure and a positive screen for each of the psychiatric conditions was also evaluated. Results A total of 8096 Ukrainian adolescents (4988 [61.6%] female) living in Ukraine or abroad were included in the analyses. Based on national-level estimates, 49.6% of the adolescents were directly exposed to war, 32.0% screened positive for moderate or severe depression, 17.9% for moderate or severe anxiety, 35.0% for clinically relevant psychological trauma, 29.5% for eating disorders, and 20.5% for medium risk or higher of substance use disorder. The burden of psychiatric symptoms was similarly large among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad. Adolescents exposed to war were more likely to screen positive for depression (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29-1.50), anxiety (PR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.81), clinically relevant psychological trauma (PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.32-1.50), eating disorders (PR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and substance use disorder (PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.98-1.25). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine is substantial. Mental health care efforts to alleviate the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents are needed.",
+        "output": "Mental Health of Adolescents Exposed to the War in Ukraine",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of ITC continued to trade firm in an otherwise weak market, hitting over five-month high of Rs 480.70 as they rose 2.2 per cent on the BSE in Wednesday's intraday trade. At 11:57 AM, ITC was the top gainer on the S&P BSE Sensex and Nifty 50 indices, which were down 0.4 per cent.ITC was trading at its highest level since July 24, 2023 when the stock hit a record high of Rs 499.60 in the intraday deals. Since December, ITC has outperformed the market by surging 10 per cent as against nearly 7 per cent rise in the",
-        "output": "ITC shares surged 2.2% to a five-month high of Rs 480.70 on Wednesday, outperforming the weak market due to positive sentiment and a 10% rise since December.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Pollution of water resources with nitrate is currently one of the major challenges at the global level. In order to make macro-policy decisions in water safety plans, it is necessary to carry out nitrate risk assessment in underground water, which has not been done in Fars province for all urban areas. In the current study, 9494 drinking water samples were collected in four seasons in 32 urban areas of Fars province in Iran, between 2017 and 2021 to investigate the non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. Geographical distribution maps of hazard quotient were drawn using geographical information system software. The results showed that the maximum amount of nitrate in water samples in 4% of the samples in 2021, 2.5% of the samples in 2020 and 3% of the samples in 2019 were more than the standard declared by World Health Organization guidelines (50mg/L). In these cases, the maximum amount of nitrate was reported between 82 and 123mg/L. The HQ values for infants did not exceed 1 in any year, but for children (44%\u00b110.8), teenagers (10.8%\u00b18.4), and adults (3.2%\u00b11.7) exceeded 1 in cities, years, and seasons, indicating that three age groups in the studied area are at noticeably significant non-carcinogenic risk. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the average value of non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1 for all age groups. Moreover, the maximum HQ values (95%) were higher than 1 for both children and teenager, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk for the two age groups.",
+        "output": "Geographical distribution of nitrate pollution and its risk assessment using GIS and Monte Carlo simulation in drinking water in urban areas of Fars province-Iran during 2017-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Recent 3D registration methods are mostly learning-based that either find correspondences in feature space and match them, or directly estimate the registration transformation from the given point cloud features. Therefore, these feature-based methods have difficulties with generalizing onto point clouds that differ substantially from their training data. This issue is not so apparent because of the problematic benchmark definitions that cannot provide any in-depth analysis and contain a bias toward similar data. Therefore, we propose a methodology to create a 3D registration benchmark, given a point cloud dataset, that provides a more informative evaluation of a method w.r.t. other benchmarks. Using this methodology, we create a novel FAUST-partial (FP) benchmark, based on the FAUST dataset, with several difficulty levels. The FP benchmark addresses the limitations of the current benchmarks: lack of data and parameter range variability, and allows to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a 3D registration method w.r.t. a single registration parameter. Using the new FP benchmark, we provide a thorough analysis of the current state-of-the-art methods and observe that the current method still struggle to generalize onto severely different out-of-sample data. Therefore, we propose a simple featureless traditional 3D registration baseline method based on the weighted cross-correlation between two given point clouds. Our method achieves strong results on current benchmarking datasets, outperforming most deep learning methods. Our source code is available on github.com/DavidBoja/exhaustive-grid-search.",
-        "output": "Addressing the generalization of 3D registration methods with a featureless baseline and an unbiased benchmark",
+        "input": "The aim of this study is to show how an entrepreneurial project that identifies a future form of value may not be motivated by the search for personal financial gain. Based on the new entrepreneurial history framework, the paper analyzes the process by which FC Barcelona was created and consolidated, at a time when football was strictly amateur in nature. It was an entrepreneurial project deployed in a dynamic process based on trial and error characterized by three decisive entrepreneurial momentums: the creation of the club in 1899; its rebirth in 1908; and the construction of a large stadium in 1922. From uncertain beginnings, the club's eventual consolidation led to long-term socio-economic change and presents the main characteristics of a Schumpeterian creative response since it was key in the introduction of a sport that changed the way in which leisure was consumed in Spain.",
+        "output": "The creation of the FC Barcelona early competitive advantage from a new entrepreneurial history approach, 1899-1922",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Biomedical terminologies play a vital role in managing biomedical data. Missing IS-A relations in a biomedical terminology could be detrimental to its downstream usages. In this paper, we investigate an approach combining logical definitions and lexical features to discover missing IS-A relations in two biomedical terminologies: SNOMED CT and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) thesaurus. The method is applied to unrelated concept-pairs within non-lattice subgraphs: graph fragments within a terminology likely to contain various inconsistencies. Our approach first compares whether the logical definition of a concept is more general than that ofthe other concept. Then, we check whether the lexical features of the concept are contained in those ofthe other concept. If both constraints are satisfied, we suggest a potentially missing IS-A relation between the two concepts. The method identified 982 potential missing IS-A relations for SNOMED CT and 100 for NCI thesaurus. In order to assess the efficacy of our approach, a random sample of results belonging to the Clinical Findings and Procedure subhierarchies of SNOMED CT and results belonging to the Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material subhierarchy of the NCI thesaurus were evaluated by domain experts. The evaluation results revealed that 118 out of 150 suggestions are valid for SNOMED CT and 17 out of 20 are valid for NCI thesaurus.",
-        "output": "Leveraging logical definitions and lexical features to detect missing IS-A relations in biomedical terminologies.",
+        "input": "Natural modalities are often analysed from an abstract point of view where they are associated with putative laws of nature. However, the way possibilities are represented in physics is more complex. Lagrangian mechanics, for instance, involves two different layers of modalities: kinematical and dynamical possibilities. This paper examines the status of these two layers, both in the classical and quantum case. The quantum case is particularly problematic: we identify four possible interpretive options. The upshot is that a close inspection of the way possibilities are represented in physics could lead to new ways of thinking about natural modalities.",
+        "output": "Lagrangian possibilities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this editorial the editor considers issues of historicity (understanding things in their historical context) in health professions education and the sciences thereof, and argues for more attention to historical and other contextual factors in creating and appraising the research literature.",
-        "output": "Historicity and the impossible present",
+        "input": "The perennial question of the nature of natural-language understanding has received renewed attention in recent years. Two kinds of natural-language understanding, in particular, have captivated the interest of philosophers: linguistic understanding and utterance understanding. While the literature is rife with discussions of linguistic understanding and utterance understanding, the question of how the two types of understanding explanatorily depend on each other has received relatively scant attention. Exceptions include the linguistic ability/know-how views of linguistic understanding proposed by Dean Pettit and Brendan Balcerak Jackson. On these views, to tacitly linguistically understand a sentence just is to possess the linguistic ability/knowledge-how needed to derive/infer what is said by different utterances of the sentence. Despite their focus on linguistic understanding, both views can straightforwardly explain utterance understanding as the output of a derivation/inference from a representation of the sentence uttered. Here, I take issue with these approaches to utterance understanding and then develop an alternative. More specifically, I distinguish two kinds of utterance understanding, experiential and doxastic, and then argue that experiences of what is said by utterances play distinct rational roles in the two kinds of utterance understanding. I conclude by addressing a recent challenge to my proposal.",
+        "output": "The rational roles of experiences of utterance meanings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 15 (IANS) Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) is going to reportedly combine its Siri quality control team of 121 employees in San Diego with the one in Austin, Texas.Those who choose not to move could be let go on April 26, reports Bloomberg.An Apple spokesperson confirmed that the Siri quality control team will \u201chave the opportunity to continue their role with Apple in Austin.\u201dThe company reportedly told employees they can apply for other jobs within the company. However, some employees doubt they\u2019re qualified for other Apple roles in the city, and most don\u2019t plan to move, according to the report.Apple is the only tech company which has mostly avoided letting employees go, like the other Big Tech companies including Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL), Meta (NASDAQ:META) and Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) have done in the past two years.Those who wish to relocate, they\u2019ll be given $7,000 stipends. Apple will reportedly offer the others four weeks of severance plus another week\u2019s worth per year that they worked, as well as six months of health insurance.The San Diego team reportedly listens to Siri recordings in multiple languages, including Hebrew, English, Spanish, and Arabic. Apple recently released frameworks and libraries supporting AI development on code repositories.The company is also working on optimising large language models (LLMs) for use on its iPhones.--IANSna/kvd",
-        "output": "Apple is reportedly combining its Siri quality control teams in San Diego and Austin, Texas, with employees given the option to relocate or face potential layoffs. The San Diego team, consisting of 121 employees, will have the opportunity to continue their roles in Austin, with relocation stipends offered to those who choose to move.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article explores the design, development and deployment of a digital platform for scholarly work at Notre Dame Cathedral and demonstrates the transformative impact of digital technology on heritage disciplines. By merging technology and human expertise, the platform facilitates the creation, integration, sharing, and analysis of extensive scientific data on the multidisciplinary post-fire study of the cathedral. This multi-layered approach includes community building for collaborative efforts, digital tools tailored to different stakeholders, data structuring approaches for managing multidimensional features, and experience-based workflows for documenting, categorising and semantically enriching scientific and restoration data. The overall goal is to introduce an integrated solution for collaborative studies and to promote a digital memory of the collective initiative in accordance with the principles of FAIR for scientific heritage data. This initiative not only supports the research and restoration of Notre Dame, but also serves as a paradigm for future conservation and documentation efforts in the field of cultural heritage. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "A digital platform for the centralization and long-term preservation of multidisciplinary scientific data belonging to the Notre Dame de Paris scientific action",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.METHODS: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the beSAAS. We administrated this 23-item questionnaire to 923 final-year medical students in Belgium (response rate=71,1%). Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the clusters.RESULTS: Four clusters of students with specific characteristics were identified in this study. The first, The Inclusives (including 27,9% of respondents) had the least negative attitudes; they wanted to specialize mainly in psychiatry and gynecology. The second, The Centrists (23,6%) consisted mainly of male students. They had many private and professional experiences with substance use and considered themselves less healthy than others did. Most wanted to specialize in pediatrics and general practice. Their attitudes were slightly negative towards people with SUD. The third, The Moralists (27,6%), were mainly older, from non-European countries, had the least experience with substance use (or contact mainly in hospitals), had the less high mother's level of education and reported excellent health. They were heading toward other specialties. They had the most stereotypes and moralism, and less treatment optimism. The fourth, The Specialist care-oriented (20,8%), were the most in favor of specialized treatment. This group had a higher proportion of Belgian, females, and students who had specific contact with this population. They especially intended to specialize in internal medicine.CONCLUSION: This study revealed 4 profiles of medical students with different attitudes towards SUD people. The Moralists, including more than a quarter of the respondents, were characterized by strong stereotypes and moralism and little treatment optimism. These clusters could contribute to the design of a learner-centered program aimed at addressing stigma within the main curriculum.",
-        "output": "Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.",
+        "input": "This report examines the deposit of a sixteenth-century cache of silver aquillas within a Chachapoya household at the site of Purun Llacta de Soloco. The report examines their context and contents. These findings have implications for a larger examination of social value in Andean societies and the specialized treatment and use of ritual objects during the tumultuous colonial period.",
+        "output": "A Deposit of Silver Aquillas from the Site of Punrun Llacta de Soloco, Amazonas, Peru",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Kellton Tech Solutions zoomed 16.16 per cent to Rs 108.5 per share, also their 52-week high, on the BSE in Monday's intraday trade after the company won a \"mega\" order from Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).\"LIC decided to partner with Kellton to integrate and oversee its HRMS portal, forming a robust union between Kellton's extensive experience in handling large-scale projects and the innovative PeopleStrong HR-Tech product. This exhaustive system aims at every aspect of HR operations - from recruitment to retirement, aiming to transform the management of LIC's vast employee and retiree base,\" Kellton Tech said in an exchange filing earlier today.Under the collaboration, Kellton will transform the HRMS landscape of LIC, leveraging the cutting-edge capabilities of PeopleStrong's product. The engagement encompasses seamless data integration, ensuring smooth transition, and optimisation alongside legacy applications.The engagement will impact over 150,000 LIC employees, empowering them with advanced HR solutions that promise heightened efficiency and performance.According to the statement, the partnership aligns seamlessly with LIC's objectives, marking a significant stride in shaping the future of HR transformation within LIC and the broader Indian technology industry.\"We're delighted to be chosen by LIC in their digital transformation journey. Our expertise in implementing the SaaS-based HRMS solution has positioned us to secure a contract of unprecedented global size and scale,\" commented Karanjit Singh, CEO, APAC, Kellton.At 1:50 PM, Kellton Tech was trading 10.76 per cent higher to Rs 103.45 per share as against 0.2 per cent dip in the benchmark S&P BSE Sensex.Over the past one year, shares of the global technology consulting and IT services company have surged 61 per cent on the BSE as against 15-per cent rise in the Sensex index.From its 52-week low of Rs 40.53, touched on March 31 on intraday basis, the stock has leaped 130.4 per cent. By comparison, the BSE Sensex is up 25 per cent from its 52-week low.Kellton Tech Solutions is a\u00a0 IT services company which helps companies build disruptive digital solutions. With operations across the US, Europe, India, and the Asia Pacific, and a global team of over 1,800 employees, Kellton enables clients to use technology as their competitive advantage.",
-        "output": "Kellton Tech Solutions' shares surged 16.16% to Rs 108.5 after winning a \"mega\" order from LIC to integrate and oversee its HRMS portal, impacting over 150,000 employees. The collaboration aims to transform LIC's HR operations, leveraging PeopleStrong's HR-Tech product.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "My first acquaintance with the History of Economics Society (HES) occurred in the summer of 1990 when I attended its seventeenth annual meeting. Organized by the then HES president and now recently deceased Stanley Todd Lowry at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, it marked the beginning of my experience with US higher education. Later that summer, I began a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University. The economics department still hosted a history of economics seminar-the Kress seminar-though its actual connection with the seminar was tenuous.1 Following the Lexington meeting, the paper I presented was accepted for publication in volume 7 of Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought-a book series that published selected papers from the HES conference. It was my first publication in English. From then on, I kept attending the HES annual meeting regularly and with enthusiasm. I met a number of stimulating people and made some good friends there. It was always refreshing to find myself in the United States following nine months of teaching and research in France.",
+        "output": "THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY AT FIFTY: WHAT KIND OF DIVERSITY?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaEaseMyTrip.com, a prominent travel tech platform in India, has introduced enticing holiday and cruise packages under its latest campaign, \"Chalo Lakshadweep.\" In line with their commitment to \"Nation First, Business Later,\" EaseMyTrip aims to position Lakshadweep as a globally competitive destination. To celebrate domestic travel experiences, the company is offering attractive discounts using coupon codes BHARATFIRST or NATIONFIRST on their website.The holiday packages cater to diverse preferences, ranging from 2 to 4 nights, starting at an irresistible cost between INR 22,999 to INR 53,999. These packages invite travelers to immerse themselves in the serene atmosphere of Agatti Island, explore captivating coral reefs, and discover the treasures of Lakshadweep, promising an unforgettable getaway.For those seeking a unique cruise experience, EaseMyTrip is offering packages starting from INR 42,599 per person for twin sharing. Departing on 5 February 2024, and returning on February 9, 2024, the Mumbai-Lakshadweep-Mumbai cruise spans 4 nights and 5 days. Travelers (NYSE:TRV) can relish delightful meals, onboard entertainment with live music and DJ parties, and complimentary access to clubs and lounges. The comprehensive package covers port charges and ensures exclusive access to all public venues.Nishant Pittie, CEO and Co-founder of EaseMyTrip, expressed excitement about the \"Chalo Lakshadweep\" campaign, emphasizing its goal to captivate the increasing interest of Indian travelers in the enchanting Lakshadweep islands. He highlighted the warmth and readiness of Indians to explore and savor Indian destinations, cuisine, and the ultimate beach experience. Pittie reaffirmed the company's commitment to transforming every journey into an unforgettable adventure, with \"Chalo Lakshadweep\" representing the next stride in redefining domestic travel experiences.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim the sale of the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\" and for the 1-year plan, click \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "EaseMyTrip's \"Chalo Lakshadweep\" campaign offers holiday packages starting at INR 22,999 and cruise packages from INR 42,599, aiming to promote Lakshadweep as a competitive destination and cater to the growing interest in domestic travel.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The chrono-cultural sequence of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic went through several major revisions during approximately a century of focused research, each revision contributing to shedding light on the mosaic of cultural entities and the complex social and cultural dynamics composing the Levantine Upper Paleolithic. The current state of research suggests the co-inhabitance of two cultural groups: the Early Ahmarian and the Levantine Aurignacian. Two other cultural entities, the Arkov-Divshon and the Atlitian, are regarded as younger manifestations and were tentatively suggested to relate to the Levantine Aurignacian. This paper presents a research synthesis of two case studies: Manot Cave, located in western Galilee, Israel, and Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter in the Judean Desert. The application of high-resolution excavation methods, alongside detailed documentation of the stratigraphy and site-formation processes and wide-scale radiocarbon-based absolute dating, marked these sites as ideal for chrono-cultural study through the analyses of flint industries. The results indicate a clear distinction between the Levantine Aurignacian and the Arkov-Divshon/Atlitian industries and a chronological overlap between the Arkov-Divshon, Levantine Aurignacian, and possibly with the Early Ahmarian. Subsequently, we suggest another revision of the currently accepted chrono-cultural model: not two, but at least three cultural entities co-inhabited the Levant at ca. 40-30 ky cal BP. This study further suggests an evolvement of the Atlitian flint industries from the Arkov-Divshon and stresses the foreign cultural features of the Levantine Aurignacian. These results were used to construct an updated model of migration and possible interaction patterns.",
+        "output": "Cultural Dynamics in the Levantine Upper Paleolithic, ca. 40-33 ky BP: Insights Based on Recent Advances in the Study of the Levantine Aurignacian, the Arkov-Divshon, and the Atlitian.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "It is some 50 years since the first published reports appeared of ex vivo preservation of organs for transplantation. Over the intervening decades, organ preservation strategies have become one essential component of world-wide clinical transplant services. In the formative years, translational research in organ hypothermic preservation was grappling with the questions about whether static or dynamic storage was preferable, and the practical implications of those choices. Those studies were also informing the newly expanding clinical transplant services. During the middle years, both preservation modalities were practiced by individual group choices. By the 2000s, the shift in donor demographics demanded a re-evaluation of organ preservation strategies, and now a new era of research and development is promoting adoption of new technologies. In this review we outline many important academic studies which have contributed to this successful history, and give profile to the increasing innovative approaches which are being evaluated for the future. Doi.org/10.54680/fr24310110112.",
-        "output": "The cold chain delivery of organs for transplantation: from research laboratories and individual enthusiasts to pan- global networks in 50 years.",
+        "input": "The social media platform and the information dissemination revolution have changed the thinking, needs, and methods of students, bringing development opportunities and challenges to higher education. This paper introduces social media into the classroom and uses quantitative analysis to investigate the relation between design college students' learning self-efficacy and social media for design students, aiming to determine the effectiveness of social media platforms on self-efficacy. This study is conducted on university students in design media courses and is quasi-experimental, using a randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. The study participants are 73second-year design undergraduates. Independent samples t-tests showed that the network interaction factors of social media had a significant impact on college students learning self-efficacy. The use of social media has a significant positive predictive effect on all dimensions of learning self-efficacy. Our analysis suggests that using the advantages and value of online social platforms, weakening the disadvantages of the network, scientifically using online learning resources, and combining traditional classrooms with the Internet can improve students' learning self-efficacy.",
+        "output": "Effectiveness of social media-assisted course on learning self-efficacy.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Rationale and Objectives: With the shifting needs of radiologists due to escalating healthcare demands, the impetus for an increased focus on wellness and the benefits of the humanities in medicine inspired a novel approach to curricular planning of the 2023 Association of University Radiologists (AUR) annual meeting. In this manuscript, we describe the creative process behind planning and executing this innovative meeting format. Materials and Methods: Reimagining the annual meeting was a collaborative effort centered around the development of an innovative Arts and Wellness Program, with the goal of integrating opportunities for artistic expression and experiential wellness throughout the meeting. Results: Of the 1313 meeting attendees, 423 (32.2%) completed the annual meeting evaluation, of which 244 were in -person and 61 attended virtually. 178 of 423 respondents (42.1%) participated in the arts and wellness programming. 160 of 203 respondents (78.9%) reported that the arts and wellness programming enhanced the overall meeting experience. 164 of 197 respondents (83.2%) gained greater appreciation for the talents of radiology colleagues. 97 of 195 respondents (49.7%) stated that the programming gave them ideas as to how to cope effectively with stress. Conclusion: The incorporation of art, music, and other wellness activities into a national radiology meeting was well -received by meeting attendees. For many radiologists who participated in the various musical and artistic offerings at the AUR 2023 meeting, sharing artistic talents with the radiology community and colleagues represented the most fundamental way to be fully seen, express authenticity, and connect with others. (c) 2023 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Creativity, Connection, and Community: Reimagining the Radiology Society Meeting",
+        "input": "To evaluate the association of standardized phase angle (SPA) with nutritional status, functional parameters, and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients. This prospective study includes 59 cancer patients from Pelotas (Brazil) admitted for elective cancer surgery. We obtained the phase angle through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and standardized it according to the population's reference values. We estimated the muscle mass using BIA for later calculation of the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and performed handgrip strength (HGS) and gait speed (GS) tests. We used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) to assess the nutritional status. Postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were evaluated as the outcomes. The prevalence of malnutrition in the sample was 28.8%, according to ASG-PPP. SPA was statistically lower in patients with malnutrition, with lower HGS and reduced GS. For postoperative outcomes, patients with severe complications and those with prolonged hospitalization also had lower SPA values. The greater the number of functional alterations in patients, the lower the SPA value, mainly when associated with reduced muscle mass assessed by BIA, suggesting that muscle mass reduction plays an important role in the association between functional alterations and phase angle in patients with cancer. According to the parameters used in this study, low SPA value was associated with impaired nutritional and functional status and negative outcomes in the analyzed sample.",
+        "output": "Standardized phase angle: relationship with functionality, muscle mass and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquitoborne orthobunyavirus in the California serogroup that circulates throughout Canada and the United States. Most JCV exposures result in asymptomatic infection or a mild febrile illness, but JCV can also cause neurologic diseases, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a case series of confirmed JCV-mediated neuroinvasive disease among persons from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2011-2016. We highlight the case definitions, epidemiology, unique features and clinical manifestations, disease seasonality, and outcomes for those cases. Two of the patients (from Quebec and Nova Scotia) might have acquired JCV infections during travel to the northeastern region of the United States. This case series collectively demonstrates JCV's wide distribution and indicates the need for increased awareness of JCV as the underlying cause of meningitis/meningoencephalitis during mosquito season.",
-        "output": "Case Series of Jamestown Canyon Virus Infections with Neurologic Outcomes, Canada, 2011-2016.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023.DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design.SETTING: South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique.MEASUREMENT: Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder.CONCLUSION: HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.",
+        "output": "Prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South Gondar zone primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of State Bank India (SBI) hit a new high of Rs 659.50, up nearly 2 per cent on the BSE in Tuesday's intraday trade, amid heavy volumes on expectation of healthy profitability over the medium term.In the past one month, the stock of the country's largest public sector bank (PSB) has outperformed the market by surging 17 per cent. In comparison, the S&P BSE Sensex and the Nifty 50 are up nearly 9 per cent, while the Nifty PSU Bank index gained 14 per cent during the period.A sharp rally in the stock price has pushed the",
-        "output": "State Bank of India (SBI) shares reached a new high of Rs 659.50 on the BSE, a 2% increase, due to expectations of strong profitability in the medium term. In the past month, SBI shares have outperformed the market, rising 17%, compared to a 9% gain in the Sensex and Nifty 50.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: System contributors to resident burnout and well-being have been under-studied. We sought to determine factors associated with resident burnout and identify at risk groups.METHODS: We performed a US national survey between July 15 2022 and April 21, 2023 of residents in 36 specialties in 14 institutions, using the validated Mini ReZ survey with three 5 item subscales: 1) supportive workplace, 2) work pace/electronic medical record (EMR) stress, and 3) residency-specific factors (sleep, peer support, recognition by program, interruptions and staff relationships). Multilevel regressions and thematic analysis of 497 comments determined factors related to burnout.RESULTS: Of 1118 respondents (approximate median response rate 32%), 48% were female, 57% White, 21% Asian, 6% LatinX and 4% Black, with 25% PGY 1s, 25% PGY 2s, and 22% PGY 3s. Programs included internal medicine (15.1%) and family medicine (11.3%) among 36 specialties. Burnout (found in 42%) was higher in females (51% vs 30% in males, p=0.001) and PGY 2's (48% vs 35% in PGY-1s, p=0.029). Challenges included chaotic environments (41%) and sleep impairment (32%); favorable aspects included teamwork (94%), peer support (93%), staff support (87%) and program recognition (68%). Worklife subscales were consistently lower in females while PGY-2's reported the least supportive work environments. Worklife challenges relating to burnout included sleep impairment (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.82 (95% CIs 1.94, 4.19), absolute risk difference (ARD) in burnout 15.9%), poor work control (aOR 2.25 (1.42, 3.58), ARD 12.2%) and chaos (aOR 1.73 (1.22, 2.47), ARD 7.9%); program recognition was related to lower burnout (aOR 0.520 (0.356, 0.760), ARD 9.3%). These variables explained 55% of burnout variance. Qualitative data confirmed sleep impairment, lack of schedule control, excess EMR and patient volume as stressors.CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a nomenclature and systematic method for addressing well-being during residency. Work conditions for females and PGY 2's may merit attention first.",
+        "output": "Resident worklife and wellness through the late phase of the pandemic: a mixed methods national survey study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "An increasingly prevalent approach to studying human cognition is to construe the mind as optimally allocating limited cognitive resources among cognitive processes. Under this bounded rationality approach (Icard in Philos Sci 85(1):79-101, 2018; Simon in Utility and probability, Palgrave Macmillan, 1980), it is common to assume that resource-bounded cognitive agents approximate normative solutions to statistical inference problems, and that much of the bias and variability in human performance can be explained in terms of the approximation strategies we employ. In this paper, we argue that this approach restricts itself to an unnecessarily narrow scope of cognitive models, which limits its ability to explain how humans flexibly adapt their representations to novel environments. We argue that more attention should be paid to how we form our cognitive representations in the first place, and advocate for pluralistic framework which jointly optimizes over both representations and algorithms for manipulating them. We identify several fundamental trade-offs that manifest in this joint optimization, and draw on recent work to motivate a unified formal framework for this analysis. We illustrate a simplified version of this analysis with a case study in social cognition, and outline several new directions for research that this approach suggests.",
-        "output": "Rational representations of uncertainty: a pluralistic approach to bounded rationality",
+        "input": "Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), now assigned to the genus Poacevirus of the family Potyviridae, was reported for the first time in 1932 in Louisiana and was believed to be strain F of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) for more than six decades. SCMV-F was renamed SCSMV in 1998 after partial sequencing of its genome and phylogenetic investigations. Following the development of specific molecular diagnostic methods in the 2000s, SCSMV was recurrently found in sugarcane exhibiting streak mosaic symptoms in numerous Asian countries but not in the Western hemisphere or in Africa. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge on this disease and the progression in research on SCSMV. This includes symptoms, geographical distribution and incidence, diagnosis and genetic diversity of the virus, epidemiology, and control. Finally, we highlight future challenges, as sugarcane streak mosaic has recently been found in Africa, where this disease represents a new threat to sugarcane production.",
+        "output": "Historical Review of Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus that Has Recently Emerged in Africa",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Tata Steel board has approved the allotment of 7.58 crore shares to eligible shareholders of Tata Steel Long Products Limited.These equity shares are proposed to be listed and traded on BSE Limited and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Tata Steel said in a regulatory filing on Wednesday.Tata Steel's board has approved the allotment of 7,58,00,309 shares to eligible shareholders of Tata Steel Long Products and the record date has been fixed as November 17.According to the filing, the share exchange ratio will be 67:10, which means that 67 shares of Tata Steel will be allotted for every 10 shares of Tata Steel Long Products.The scheme of amalgamation was approved and sanctioned by the NCLT-Mumbai Bench vide order dated October 20, 2023, and the NCLT-Cuttack vide order dated October 18, 2023.These equity shares so allotted shall rank pari-passu with the existing shares of Tata Steel.The above allotment, Tata Steel said, includes \"14,430 fully paid-up equity shares of Tata Steel of face value Re 1 each, allotted to TSL-TSLP Fractional Share Entitlement Trust...(and) 25,47,224 fully paid-up equity shares allotted to Tata Steel Limited - Unclaimed Securities - Suspense Escrow Demat Account TSL-TSLP Merger...,\" it said.Tata Steel is in the process of merging a few of its subsidiaries with itself.These include Tata Steel Long Products, The Tinplate Company of India, Tata Metaliks, TRF, Indian Steel & Wire Products, Tata Steel Mining and S&T Mining Company.",
-        "output": "Tata Steel's board has approved the allotment of 7.58 crore shares to eligible shareholders of Tata Steel Long Products Limited, with a share exchange ratio of 67:10. These shares will be listed on BSE and NSE, and the record date has been set as November 17.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The state-of-the-art literature indicates an increasing need for co-design education as it is imperative to equip future designers with the co-designing mindset. This derives from the significance of involving 'people with lived experience' in co-design processes to better meet their needs. However, the traditional design education system seems to include mostly individual designing skills, causing a lack of skills in design students to facilitate the active participation of people in co-design. This paper reports on a case study carried out in a third-year Bachelor industrial design engineering course with design students (n = 32) and design educators (n = 4) to find an effective and efficient way of preparing future designers for their role in co-design and to gain insights into design students' experience with learning about co-design. As an instructional method, a co-design workshop including the game-play, game-modding and game-design approaches is introduced. The obstacles and confusion of the design students regarding co-design and co-design education, which they have documented throughout the year on their personalised logbooks, are explained to eliminate them in the future for smoother incorporation of co-design education into design education curricula. Lastly, for future designers' mindfulness of co-design and their role as facilitators suggestions are provided such as accreditation of curriculum activities regarding co-design education.",
+        "output": "Preparing Future Designers for their Role in Co-Design: Student Insights on Learning Co-Design",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of designing effective trade recovery measures in response to global health events (GHEs). This study combines international trade risk management theory and multi-case comparative analysis of past GHEs to present a theoretical framework for designing national trade recovery measures for future events.RESULTS: The research finds that during GHEs, trade risks shift to fundamental uncertainty, requiring spatial-temporal-subject dimension recovery measures. The study suggests changing the focus of trade recovery policy design from emergency-oriented and single-dimension measures to reserve-oriented and enduring-effect measures of comprehensive dimensions at micro- and macroeconomic levels.CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the debate on managing trade risks in times of crisis, where there is a need to develop effective trade recovery measures that account for the complexities of global trade and the unique challenges of GHEs. The findings provide practical guidance for trade officials and policymakers to design measures in response to GHEs to improve a country's overall trade recovery.",
-        "output": "From isolation to revival: trade recovery amid global health crises.",
+        "input": "The Eastern Zhou (770-221 BCE) was an important period of social transformation in ancient China. The development of class- and gender-based stratification of this period had profound effects on human diet. We aim to examine the relationships among diet, class, and sex (as a proxy for gender) during this period through comparative investigations of noble individuals and sacrificial human companions. We analyzed the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone collagen of 61 human (26 nobles and 35 sacrificial companions) and 32 faunal samples from the Dahan (sic) cemetery (an Eastern Zhou archaeological site). There are statistically significant class-based dietary differences, with the nobles consuming more socially valued foods (high protein food and millets) compared with sacrificial companions, which is also supported by paleopathological evidence. Sex-based differences were specific to class, with no significant dietary differences found in the nobles, whereas males may have had better diets than females in the lower classes. Our dietary analysis suggests that some sacrificial companions may have benefited from the resources of their noble masters, however, most sacrificial companions had a poorer diet. In addition, one noble individual possibly experienced social mobility in his lifetime, as shown by the discrepancy in his burial treatment and his long-term diet. This cemetery-wide study of dietary differences between nobles and sacrificial companions allows for novel insight into the intersection of class, gender, and diet during the Eastern Zhou period.",
+        "output": "The intersection of diet, class, and sex during the Eastern Zhou (770-221 BCE): Bioarchaeological evidence from the Dahan cemetery, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article examines Middle and Late Preclassic period ritual activity and caches discovered in the Central E Group complex at the ancient Maya site of Cival, which is located in northeastern Peten, Guatemala. It focuses on a series of excavations conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Structure 9, the E Group's western radial pyramid and uses theories of social memory and sacred place to provide insight into the recently discovered caches, termination rituals, and the deliberate destruction of architectural features found there. It also draws on previous ritual activity conducted in the Central E Group plaza and the site's broader history to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of this complex as a sacred place and hub of memory at Cival for more than 1,000 years.Este articulo examina la actividad ritual del periodo Preclasico Medio y Tardio de los escondites descubiertos en el complejo del Grupo Tipo-E Central en el antiguo sitio Maya de Cival, que se encuentra en el noreste de Peten, Guatemala. Haciendo enfasis en una serie de excavaciones realizadas entre los anos 2013 y 2014 en la Estructura 9, que es la Piramide radial al oeste del Grupo. Las teorias de la memoria social y el lugar sagrado son aplicadas para dar una idea de los hallazgos mencionados recientemente, los rituales de terminacion y la destruccion deliberada de las caracteristicas arquitectonicas que se encuentran en dicha estructura. Tambien se basa en la actividad ritual realizada anteriormente en la plaza del mismo complejo para obtener una comprension mas amplia y completa de su historia y del papel de este grupo como lugar sagrado y centro de la memoria en Cival durante mas de 1000 anos.",
-        "output": "Caches, Memory, and Ritual at the Maya City of Cival",
+        "input": "Ifriqiya (roughly Tunisia and eastern Algeria) is believed to have played a significant role in the diffusion of ceramic glazed technologies into other regions of the Western Mediterranean. However, due to limited analysis on North African glazed ceramics, its role in technology transfer remains poorly understood. This paper uses SEM-EDS and petrographic analyses to understand the technology employed in the production of Tunisian ceramics through the study of 30 polychrome glazed ceramics from a medieval settlement at the site of Chimtou (ancient Simitthus), Tunisia, dated to the late ninth-twelfth century. The results show that these are lead-rich glazes with varying contents of alkalis, coloured with copper, iron and manganese oxide and applied over a calcareous body. Opaque glazes were obtained using cassiterite crystals as opacifier or by adding crushed quartz. The use of lead stannate as a colourant and opacifier in one light yellow glaze raises questions about the mechanisms of introduction of tin opacification technology in North Africa. Scrap metal seems to have been used as a source of lead for the glazes; while iron slag was probably used as a source of iron to colour the glaze in one sample, pointing to a cross-craft interaction between glazemaking and metallurgy.",
+        "output": "The technology of polychrome glazed ceramics in Ifriqiya: new data from the site of Chimtou",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) The Central Consumer Protection Authority\u2019s (CCPA) committee held its first meeting on Tuesday to discuss the draft guidelines to prevent misleading advertisements and false claims regarding success rates in coaching institutions.Consumer Affairs Secretary & CCPA Chief Commissioner Rohit Kumar Singh highlighted the need for clarity, specifically in addressing certain aspects related to advertisements in the coaching sector. He further stated that CCPA firmly believes in safeguarding the rights of consumers and ensuring no false or misleading advertisement is made of any goods or services which contravenes the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.The guidelines shall be applicable to all the coaching institutes whether online or physical and cover all forms of advertisement regardless of form, format, or medium.The guidelines also prescribes Do's and Dont's that need to be observed before coming up with advertisements:The coaching institute shall mention requisite information with successful candidate photo, including the rank secured by successful candidate, the course opted by successful candidate, the duration of course, and whether it is paid or freeCoaching institutes shall not make claims on 100 per cent selection or 100 per cent job guaranteed or guaranteed preliminary or mains.The font of disclaimer/disclosure/Important information in the advertisement shall be the same as that used in the claim/advertisement. The placement of such information shall be at a prominent and visible place in the advertisement.It was also clarified that penalty for misleading advertisements by the coaching sector will be governed as per Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and the guidelines are just in the nature of clarification to the stakeholders and violations of the provisions of the act shall continue to be governed under the existing provisions of the act.The Committee observed that there is an urgent need to issue the guidelines and the draft as discussed in the Meeting should be issued at the earliest.The CCPA had taken suo motu action against misleading advertisements by coaching institutes.In this regard, it has issued notices to 31 coaching institutes for misleading advertisement and imposed fine on 9 of them for misleading advertisements.The CCPA has observed that some of the coaching institutes mislead consumers by deliberately concealing important information with respect to course opted by successful candidates, duration of the course so attended, and the fees paid by the candidates. It also said that some of the coaching Institutes also indulge in making claims like 100 per cent selection, 100 per cent job guaranteed and guaranteed preliminary and main examination without providing verifiable evidence.--IANSpannu/vd",
-        "output": "The CCPA committee met to discuss guidelines for preventing misleading advertisements and false claims by coaching institutions, including requirements for disclosing information about successful candidates and prohibiting claims of guaranteed success. The CCPA has taken action against 31 coaching institutes for misleading advertisements and fined 9 of them.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "An affordable optical project for students is explained in this work. The experiment only requires a handheld laser illuminating a structure with stationary vibrations induced, but the interpretation of this phenomenon demands a strong understanding of optical interference and modal behavior of a bar. The operating principle employs the speckle phenomenon, which is a type of interference between coherent light incident on a rough surface and its reflection. This interference occurs in a luminous plane outside of the vibrating object and shows a granular structure due to the brightness fluctuations. Speckle is static but if the surface illuminated oscillates, the plane of interference moves from one side to the other, causing a streak pattern. Mode shapes of the object under examination can be naked eye detected from streak patterns. What is more, this phenomenon can be photographed using a manual focus digital camera. Therefore all the components of the procedure can be available (or acquired) by almost any physics laboratory, at any level, which would be unthinkable for optical experiments just a few years ago.",
+        "output": "Speckle interference for naked-eye detection of vibrations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Triethylammonium phosphate wastewater, resulting from the absorption of triethylamine (TEA) exhaust gas by phosphoric acid, poses challenges in environmental protection. In this study, a novel combined process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) and resin adsorption (RA) was proposed. Under the optimal conditions of 50 mA/cm2 and 5 cm/s, more than 96 % of the triethylammonium phosphate in real wastewater was converted into TEA and phosphoric acid during the BMED processes. Its current efficiency of 47 % and an energy consumption rate of 4.26 kWh/kg TEA. Furthermore, the low-concentration wastewater from BMED could be effectively treated through D001 resin at pH 2. Desorption of TEA loaded on D001 resin could be achieved using a 6 wt% phosphoric acid produced from the BMED process, and the concentrated desorption solution could be reprocessed through BMED process. The effluent of RA process could undergo chemical precipitation, thereby contained 18 mg/L COD, 0.43 mg/L TP and less than 3 mg/L TEA, meeting the first-class A standard of the Chinese GB18918-2002 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant. This novel strategy offered an innovative and environmentally friendly method for recycling this type of wastewater within ecological industries.",
-        "output": "Recovery of triethylamine and phosphoric acid from wastewater using a novel hybrid process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and resin adsorption",
+        "input": "This article examines Middle and Late Preclassic period ritual activity and caches discovered in the Central E Group complex at the ancient Maya site of Cival, which is located in northeastern Peten, Guatemala. It focuses on a series of excavations conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Structure 9, the E Group's western radial pyramid and uses theories of social memory and sacred place to provide insight into the recently discovered caches, termination rituals, and the deliberate destruction of architectural features found there. It also draws on previous ritual activity conducted in the Central E Group plaza and the site's broader history to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of this complex as a sacred place and hub of memory at Cival for more than 1,000 years.Este articulo examina la actividad ritual del periodo Preclasico Medio y Tardio de los escondites descubiertos en el complejo del Grupo Tipo-E Central en el antiguo sitio Maya de Cival, que se encuentra en el noreste de Peten, Guatemala. Haciendo enfasis en una serie de excavaciones realizadas entre los anos 2013 y 2014 en la Estructura 9, que es la Piramide radial al oeste del Grupo. Las teorias de la memoria social y el lugar sagrado son aplicadas para dar una idea de los hallazgos mencionados recientemente, los rituales de terminacion y la destruccion deliberada de las caracteristicas arquitectonicas que se encuentran en dicha estructura. Tambien se basa en la actividad ritual realizada anteriormente en la plaza del mismo complejo para obtener una comprension mas amplia y completa de su historia y del papel de este grupo como lugar sagrado y centro de la memoria en Cival durante mas de 1000 anos.",
+        "output": "Caches, Memory, and Ritual at the Maya City of Cival",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The initial public offer (IPO) of pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing firm Valiant Laboratories was subscribed 71 per cent on day two of subscription on Thursday.The initial share sale received bids for 54,25,770 shares against 76,23,030 units on offer, as per NSE data.The category for retail individual investors (RIIs) was subscribed 1.27 times, while the quota for non-institutional investors received 29 per cent subscription. The portion for qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) was subscribed 5 per cent.The IPO is an entirely fresh issuance of up to 1.08 crore equity shares with no offer-for-sale component.The price range for the offer is Rs 133-140 a share.Proceeds of the issue will be utilised to set up a manufacturing facility for speciality chemicals in Gujarat through its subsidiary -- Valiant Advanced Sciences Private Ltd. -- and to meet the working capital requirements of the subsidiary company.Valiant Laboratories is an active pharmaceutical ingredient or bulk drug manufacturing company with its focus on manufacturing paracetamol, used in the treatment of headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothache, cold and fever.Unistone Capital is the manager to the offer.Equity shares of the company will be listed on the BSE and the NSE.",
-        "output": "Valiant Laboratories' IPO was subscribed 71% on day two, with retail investors subscribing 1.27 times, non-institutional investors 29%, and QIBs 5%. The IPO aims to raise funds for a new manufacturing facility and working capital requirements.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Armed conflict and insecurity have been linked to deteriorations in reproductive health and rights globally. In Nigeria, armed violence has taken a significant toll on women's and girls' health and safety. However, knowledge is limited about how conflict shapes attitudes surrounding their ability to make autonomous decisions on relationships and childbearing. Drawing on a socioecological framework and terror management theory, we aimed to investigate the association between conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from two sources: the World Values Survey (WVS) and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program-Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP-GED). Nationally representative data on attitudes of 559 men and 534 women was collected by WVS in 2017-2018. Linear probability models estimated the association between attitudes toward five dimensions of women and girl's reproductive autonomy (contraception, safe abortion, marital decision-making, delayed childbearing, early marriage), respondents' perceptions of neighborhood insecurity using WVS data, and geospatial measures of conflict exposure drawn from UCDP-GED.RESULTS: Exposure to armed conflict and perceived neighborhood insecurity were associated with more supportive attitudes toward access to safe abortion among both men and women. Among women, conflict exposure was associated with higher support for contraception and the perception that early marriage can provide girls with security. Conflict-affected men were more likely to support a delay in girls' childbearing.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that conflict and insecurity pose a threat to, but also facilitate opportunities for, women's and girls' reproductive autonomy. Contraception, abortion, early marriage, and postponement or childbearing may be perceived as risk-aversion strategies in response to mortality threats, livelihood losses, and conflict-driven sexual violence. Our findings foreshadow changes in fertility and relationship patterns in conflict-affected Nigeria and highlight the need for health programming to ensure access to contraception and safe abortion services.",
+        "output": "Armed conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 11 (IANS) Mid-and-small caps have seen a strong rally in the year gone by that has pushed the valuations above historical average thereby warranting caution in the near-term, Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC (NS:ADIE) said in a report.The fund house is more inclined towards large caps over mid-and-small caps considering their relative valuation differential is near historic highs. However, with the Indian economy expected to do well, the fund house continues to remain structurally positive on the mid-and-smallcap space for the medium-to-long term, the report said.Considering the positive macro environment, ABSLAMC expects the continuing improvement in the corporate profit to GDP ratio to sustain.Nifty earnings are expected to grow in the low-to-mid teens on a compounded basis over the next 3 years.The earnings growth should be broad-based across sectors with Banking and Financials, Auto, Industrials, Infrastructure, Cement, and Real Estate sectors leading from the front.At the same time, liquidity is expected to improve driven by both domestic and FPI flows. However, sentiment is at its peak and is expected to moderate. Overall, the interplay of earnings growth, liquidity, and sentiment is expected to be supportive for equity markets. Large cap valuations are at just 5 per cent premium to their historical average indicating that valuations are reasonable, the report said.--IANSbiz/san/prw",
-        "output": "Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC advises caution in mid-and-small caps due to high valuations, but remains positive on the space for the medium-to-long term due to expected economic growth and broad-based earnings growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The structure and age of remains of two ancient walls located in the city of Nan, a former part of the Lanna Kingdom in modern northern Thailand, were investigated. The remains differ in appearance with a well-preserved brick wall present at Mahawong Road (MHW), while an earthwork with a brick reinforcement core is found at Phaya Wat Temple (PWT). We employed an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey and optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) to determine the buried structure of the earthwork at the PWT site and the production age of bricks from both locations. The ERT results reveal lateral heterogeneous resistivity domains cross-cutting the wall, which presumably relates to the construction of a dam. According to OSL dating, the PWT wall was likely built during the time of the war with Burma that ultimately resulted in a foreign occupation of Nan in the sixteenth century. This structure played a role in both flood mitigation and military defence of the city. The structure at MHW represents a city wall that was built at the end of the nineteenth century after Nan was relocated to its present position and rather reflects representative and social needs.",
+        "output": "Structure and age of ancient walls from the city of Nan, northern Thailand",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medical students face significant psychological stress, impacting their academic performance and well-being. The Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework is designed to enhance resilience and mitigate stress among medical students, addressing the need for interventions within the assessment system in medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of SAR framework on medical students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress.METHODS: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-testing. It involved the training of course coordinators in implementing the SAR framework and its integration into the daily learning activities. Fourth-year medical students were assessed before and after the intervention using standardized measures of resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods and thematic analysis for qualitative feedback.RESULTS: Post-intervention, students demonstrated a significant increase in resilience scores (p<0.001) and a notable decrease in measures of anxiety, depression, and academic stress (p<0.001). The burnout types were also statistically different (p<0.001) except client-related burnout (p>0.05). Qualitative feedback of the course coordinators highlighted an improved learning environment, increased coping strategies, and a more supportive academic culture.CONCLUSION: The SAR framework significantly contributes to enhancing medical students' resilience and reducing psychological distress. Its implementation suggests a promising approach to fostering a supportive educational environment that not only addresses the psychological challenges faced by medical students but also enhances their academic performance and overall well-being. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts of SAR across different medical education contexts.",
-        "output": "The impact of the Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework on students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic-related stress: a quasi-experimental study.",
+        "input": "Turbine blades recovered from the Apollo Saturn V rocket F-1 engines were examined to determine an appropriate conservation protocol. Significant corrosion damage was observed in the turbine blades which appear to be made of a nickel based gamma-gamma ' superalloy. Pitting corrosion appears to have breached the surface of the turbine blades, and subsequently a form of dealloying corrosion preferentially attacked the gamma ' phase. This corrosion left behind a thin network of interconnected gamma phase, causing a severe loss of density of the blades and fragility of the blades. The particular alloy used for these turbine blades does not appear to be a known production alloy and may have been developed specifically for use in the F-1 rocket engines, with an increased concentration of refractory (Mo, Nb) elemental additions. The analytical results helped conservators determine a suitable treatment protocol for more than 400 blades and 100 fragments from four recovered turbines.",
+        "output": "Metallurgical Analysis and Conservation of Turbine Blades from Recovered Apollo F-1 Engines",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "It sold 296 million shares at Rs 112.7 a piece for a total of Rs 3,336 crore. Shares of Zomato have more than doubled this year.\"Pursuant to the above recovery, PGIM India AMC distributed the entire sum recovered including principal and accrued interest to unit holders of the referred schemes,\" the fund house stated in the communication.PGIM MF had exposure to JSEL papers through five of its fixed maturity plans (FMPs), which matured in 2021.JSEL, an IL&FS subsidiary, had defaulted on its debt obligations in March 2019. In such cases, funds holding papers of the defaulted entity have to value the holdings at zero.According to the fund house, there was an option to sell the paper last year at a discount but they held onto it expecting full recovery, given the efforts \"being undertaken by stakeholders to sell JSEL\".",
-        "output": "Zomato sold 296 million shares at Rs 112.7 each, raising Rs 3,336 crore, while PGIM India AMC recovered and distributed funds to unit holders after JSEL's default in 2019.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Providing informed consent for trials requires providing trial participantswith comprehensive information about the trial, including information about potential risks and benefits. It is required by the ethical principle of respecting patient autonomy. Our study examines the variation in the way information about potential trial benefits and harms is shared in participant information leaflets (PILs).METHODS: A total of 214 PILs and informed consent forms from clinical trials units (CTUs) and Clinical Research Facilities (CRFs) in Ireland and the UK were assessed by two authors independently,to check the extent to which they adhered to seven recently developed principles. Discrepancies were resolved by a third.RESULTS: Usage of the seven principles varied widely between PILs regardless of the intended recipient or trial type. None of the PILs used more than four principles, and some (4%) used none. Twenty-seven per cent of PILs presented information about all known potential harms, whereas 45% presented information on allknown potential benefits. Some PILs did not provide any potential harms or potential benefits (8%). There was variation in the information contained in adult and children PILs and across disease areas.CONCLUSION: Significant variation exists in how potential trial benefits and harms are described to potential trial participants in PILs in our sample. Usage of the seven principles of good practice will promote consistency, ensure informed ethical decision-making and invoke trust and transparency. In the long term, a standardised PIL template is needed.",
+        "output": "When describing harms and benefits to potential trial participants, participant information leaflets are inadequate.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this study bronze mirrors from the Zonglvcheng cemetery in Linzi city, the unique bronze mirror production centre of the Western Han dynasty (WHD, 202 BCE-8 CE), were subjected to scientific examinations. Compositional and lead isotope ratio analyses on 41 bronze mirrors from different periods of WHD were conducted. For the first time, a mirror made of pure lead and another one made with highly radiogenic lead were identified. The compositional analysis revealed a roughly stable copper-tin-lead ratio of 14:5:1 for mirrors, providing insights into the standardised mirror production. The interpretation of isotope ratios was done by combining characteristic parameters and kernel density estimate methods, compiling a wide range of published data for comparison to mitigate the detrimental effects of the overlap effect. The results indicate that the majority of mirrors were produced within Linzi city, but their lead sources were likely from the Xiaoqinling metallogenic belt controlled by the Han Empire rather than local to Shandong province. This study demonstrates that changes in the alloy compositions and ore sources for bronze mirrors and other objects with time were influenced by state-intervention economic policies, providing a new perspective for the study of technical and economic history during the WHD.",
-        "output": "Technical and economic history of western Han dynasty revealed by bronze mirrors from Zonglvcheng cemetery, Linzi, China",
+        "input": "Light -stabilizing additives may contribute to the overall pollution load of microplastics (MPs) and potentially enter the food chain, severely threatening aquatic life and human health. This study investigated the variation between polystyrene (PS) MPs and phthalocyanine blue (CuPC)-containing MPs before and after photoaging, as well as their effects on Microcystis aeruginosa. The presence of PS -MPs increased cell mortality, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the variation in extracellular components, while the presence of CuPC exacerbated these variations. CuPC-containing MPs caused different increasing trends in superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activities due to electron transfer across the membrane. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the MPs and CuPC affected various cellular processes, with the greatest impact being on cell membranes. Compared with MPs, CuPC negatively affected ribosome and polysaccharide formation. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to MPs and their associated light -stabilizer pollution and imply the necessity for mitigating the pollution of both MPs and light -stabilizers.",
+        "output": "Phthalocyanine blue leaching and exposure effects on Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) of photoaged microplastics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HDFC Bank\u2019s shares slid 4 per cent on the BSE after the bank indicated a potential negative impact of the merger of HDFC Ltd on its key financial ratios. This was the worst fall for HDFC Bank since the merger became effective. The HDFC Bank stock closed at Rs 1,564 on Wednesday, much lower than Rs 1,679 \u2014 the price at which it had settled on the first day of trade after the merger on July 17.The bank, which has the highest weighting in both the Sensex and the Nifty, accounted for more than half the losses in the indices. Shares of Reliance Industries (RIL), which has the second-highest weighting, dropped 2.2 per cent, contributing a 163-point decline to the Sensex.Nomura\u2019s latest note flagged concerns about reductions in net interest margins and a surge in bad loans in HDFC Bank\u2019s corporate loan book. Nomura lowered its target price for HDFC Bank from Rs 1,970 to Rs 1,800.Foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) sold shares worth Rs 3,111 crore, while domestic institutional investors were net sellers of Rs 573 crore worth of shares on Wednesday. HDFC Bank remains a top holding for both investor categories.\u201cThe crucial question now is whether the margin pressures are unique to HDFC Bank or a broader industry issue. Analysts are currently uncertain,\u201d Andrew Holland, chief executive officer of Avendus Capital Alternate Strategies, said.Globally, surging crude oil prices have stoked inflation concerns, complicating central banks' efforts to achieve their inflation targets. Brent crude has risen 13 per cent over the past three weeks and is currently trading close to $95 a barrel.\u201cHigh oil prices have left investors uneasy, as this could force central banks to maintain higher rates for an extended period,\u201d noted Deepak Jasani, head of retail research at HDFC Securities.Market breadth was weak, with 2,207 stocks declining and 1,476 advancing. More than two-thirds of the Sensex stocks fell. The Nifty Midcap100 and the Nifty Smallcap100 indices dropped 0.3 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively. Analysts warned of a potential steeper correction in the mid and smallcap segments, urging investors to remain cautious.\u201cThe exuberance in mid and smallcaps has pushed valuations to high levels. It remains to be seen whether the sharp rise in many of these stocks will translate into real gains. Investors may do well to focus on high-quality largecaps,\u201d V K Vijayakumar, chief investment strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said.",
-        "output": "HDFC Bank shares fell 4% due to concerns about the merger with HDFC Ltd potentially impacting financial ratios, with Nomura lowering its target price from Rs 1,970 to Rs 1,800. Foreign portfolio investors sold shares worth Rs 3,111 crore, while domestic institutional investors sold Rs 573 crore worth of shares.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Reports on long-term outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for patients aged<60years are scarce in Japan. Hence, we aimed to evaluate these outcomes in patients aged<60years.METHODS: Between March 2000 and December 2020, 1477 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. In total, 170 patients aged<60years who underwent aortic valve replacement were recruited. Patients aged<18years were excluded. Patient data collected from the operative records and follow-up assessments were reviewed.RESULTS: The mean age was 49\u00b19years, and 64.1% of patients were male. One-hundred-and-fifty-two patients (89.4%) underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve and 18 (10.6%) with a bioprosthetic valve. The mean follow-up period was 8.1\u00b15.5years. No operative mortality occurred, and in-hospital mortality occurred in one patient (0.6%). Ten late deaths occurred, with seven cardiac-related deaths. The overall survival rate was 95.4\u00b11.7%, 93.9\u00b12.3%, 90.6\u00b13.9%, and 73.2\u00b111.8% at 5, 10, 15, and 20years, respectively. Freedom from major bleeding was 96.4\u00b11.6% at 5, 10, and 15years, and 89.0\u00b17.3% at 20years. Freedom from thromboembolic events was 98.7\u00b11.3%, 97.3\u00b11.9%, 90.5\u00b14.5%, and 79.0\u00b111.3% at 5, 10, 15, and 20years, respectively. Freedom from valve-related reoperation was 99.4\u00b10.6% at 5years, 97.8\u00b11.7% at 10 and 15years, and 63.9\u00b114.5% at 20years.CONCLUSIONS: Patients aged<60years undergoing aortic valve replacement with a high mechanical valve implantation rate had favorable long-term outcomes.",
+        "output": "Twenty-year experience following aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 60years of age.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "VANCOUVER - Taseko Mines (NYSE:TGB) Limited (TSX: TKO) (NYSE American: TGB) (LSE: TKO) has announced a significant increase in copper production at its Gibraltar mine for the year ended December 31, 2023. The mine produced 123 million pounds of copper, marking a 26% increase from the previous year and surpassing the company's production guidance.The fourth quarter of 2023 saw the Gibraltar mine produce 34 million pounds of copper and 369 thousand pounds of molybdenum, with copper grades averaging 0.27%. Despite challenges including additional downtime for maintenance, the mill's throughput averaged 83,000 tons per day.Stuart McDonald, President and CEO of Taseko, expressed optimism for the continued strong performance of the mine into 2024, with the Gibraltar pit expected to remain the primary source of ore for the first half of the year.This information is based on a press release statement from Taseko Mines Limited. No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the information contained in the release.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Taseko Mines' Gibraltar mine exceeded its production guidance, producing 123 million pounds of copper in 2023, a 26% increase from the previous year, despite maintenance downtime. The mine is expected to continue its strong performance in 2024, with the Gibraltar pit remaining the primary ore source for the first half of the year.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Jasbir K. Puar and Dima Srouji build upon their respective work in architecture, visual art and decolonial theory to produce a collaborative examination of colonial pathologies for Sharjah Art Biennial 15, 2023. Srouji's architecture and art practice encompass a variety of mediums that allow her to explore notions of heritage and public space in Palestine and the region. Puar is a writer and scholar whose current work focuses on settler colonial violence, disability and debility in Palestine. Their collaborative installations integrate understandings of space and planning with the contemporary politics of resistance in the context of Palestine and the surrounding region.At Sharjah Art Biennial 15, Puar and Srouji present 'Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)' (2023), a series of household items that respond to the material conditions of lockdown, interweaving the artists' experiences of COVID-19 quarantine in Palestine and their memories of the Second Intifada (2000-2005), a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. The project reframes everyday objects emblematic of the trauma of enclosure for Palestinians as transformative matter and reservoirs of affective practices of resilience, community and caregiving: hoarded cans of tuna form the constituent parts of a radiator signifying warmth; resin apricots evoke the exchange of sustenance among neighbours; shrapnel becomes decorative wallpaper motifs; a stairwell used as shelter from air raids transforms into a communal reading space. Exploring the collective rhythms and materialities of these conditions, Srouji and Puar conjure the everyday making and remaking of the commons through and against the constraints of siege and containment.The conversation published here took place between March and September 2023, and thus predates the latest phase in the catastrophic violence that has historically defined Israel's relationship to Palestine and the Palestinians. Triggered by an unprecedented and shocking attack by Hamas on 7 October, Israel's genocidal military campaign in Gaza is not an anomaly, but in line with and part and parcel of the systematic ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians and the Apartheid system that the settler colonial state of Israel has relied on for its sustenance since 1948. The questions asked here by Maasri and Toukan, as well as the artworks discussed by Jasbir and Srouji, probe aspects of this very condition that has brought us to the unabashed genocidal violence we are now all witness to today.",
+        "output": "Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of MMTC Ltd were locked in the 10 per cent lower circuit on BSE for a second straight session on Thursday amid reports that the government may wind down the PSU due to a lack of investor interest in its offer-for-sale (OFS).The stock was trading at Rs 70.55 in Thursday\u2019s intra-day trade, down 19 per cent in the last two sessions after staging a sharp rally of 55 per cent in the preceding 7 days.From its 52-week low of Rs 26.4 touched on April 28 this year, the stock had leaped 237 per cent to a new 52-week high of Rs 89 on October 17, Tuesday, just before the recent losses.A Moneycontrol report on Tuesday said that the government could seek the company\u2019s closure to the alternative mechanism (AM) due to a lack of investor participation in the company\u2019s OFS.After the approval for stake sale in MMTC, transanction advisors failed to go ahead with the proposed OFS and thus MMTC is likely to be recommended to the AM for closure, the report said, citing an official.Other PSUs State Trading Corp (stock is down 10 per cent) and PEC Ltd could also be closed down. The final decision on the three companies will be taken in a meeting chaired by Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal on October 23, reported CNBC-TV18.The AM allows for speedy decisions on strategic divestment, minority stake sale and closures of PSU units. It comprises select ministers empowered to decide on the timing, price and number of shares of a PSU to be put out for sale.The government currently holds a 99.33 percent stake in MMTC, which is an international trading company, dealing in trading of minerals.MMTC is one of India\u2019s largest non-oil importers and the single largest exporter of minerals.It is a currently a member of the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), registered as a commodity derivative broker from December 2015.In August this year, Sebi cancelled MMTC\u2019s broker licence for its involvement in illegal \u201cpaired contracts\" in a case related to the now defunct National Spot Exchange Ltd (NSEL).MMTC traded in \u201cpaired contracts\", which did not have regulatory approval, Sebi had said.",
-        "output": "MMTC Ltd shares fell 10% on BSE for the second consecutive session due to reports that the government may wind down the PSU due to lack of investor interest in its OFS. The government currently holds a 99.33% stake in MMTC, which is an international trading company dealing in minerals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The growing popularity of GIS technology in Ethiopia has encouraged multiple scholars to investigate landslide hazards using quantitative approaches, despite its limitations. The present review examined the approach used in the evaluation of landslide hazards by five prior studies that shared catchments. The review results reveal that the controlling factors assumed by the five researchers were inconsistent and resulted in highly divergent frequency ratio (FR) values, even for the same factors. This implies that the contribution of a single instability factor can be inferred sufficiently for landslide hazard assessment and mapping; otherwise, the results are highly subjective and disputable. Since the soil type in the region was alluvial-colluvial in the five studies, and a majority of the failures occurred shortly after rainfall, rainfall data and basic soil properties (classification and shear strength) should not be overlooked. In addition to the nonstandard use of morphometric parameters, the inherent limits of GIS methodologies, the omission of hydrogeotechnical properties, and the observed subjective outcomes make the GIS-based approach imprecise, error-prone, and doubtful. The total effect will result in ineffective early warning systems and unworthy mitigation measures, resulting in significant life costs and damage. As a result, it is recommended that GIS technology should be coupled with software (TRIGRS, Scoops3D, SINMAP, OpenLISEM, GLM, and SLIP) that considers hydrogeotechnical properties to provide more reliable conclusions. In addition to using instability factors consistently, regional statistical correlations of all morphometric parameters can be developed, allowing for less complex and realistic empirical models to be used.",
+        "output": "A comprehensive review and potential guidance on the reliability of landslide evaluation approaches in Central, Northern, and Northwestern Highlands, Ethiopia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "US technology stocks are poised for positive surprises in 4Q earnings, according to Citigroup strategists. Alongside technology, consumer staples are anticipated to deliver upbeat results, contributing to the highest percentage of positive surprises since 3Q22. However, the energy and utilities sectors are expected to disappoint. A select few stocks are predicted to drive a substantial portion of the earnings growth increase projected for the Russell 1000 in 4Q. Five out of eleven sectors are anticipated to report positive earnings growth, with communication services, utilities, and consumer discretionary leading the way. Conversely, energy, materials, and healthcare sectors are expected to lead in earnings declines, showcasing the varied sectoral dynamics in the upcoming earnings season.Real estate and utilities are poised for significant earnings growth, while financials are expected to undergo a noteworthy decrease, moving into negative territory.On the positioning front, analysts noted the return of bullish flows.\u201cLarge short covering and new longs drove a strong move more bullish in S&P futures but positioning remains only modestly net long. Positioning is more extended in Nasdaq and in Eurostoxx, but recent net flows have been small,\u201d they said.",
-        "output": "US technology and consumer staples stocks are expected to deliver positive earnings surprises in 4Q, while energy and utilities sectors are anticipated to disappoint. Five out of eleven sectors in the Russell 1000 are projected to report positive earnings growth, with communication services, utilities, and consumer discretionary leading the way.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Nowadays, interdisciplinary fields between Artificial Life, artificial intelligence, computational biology, and synthetic biology are increasingly emerging into public view. It is necessary to reconsider the relations between the material body, identity, the natural world, and the concept of life. Art is known to pave the way to exploring and conveying new possibilities. This survey provides a literature review on recent works of Artificial Life in visual art during the past 40 years, specifically in the computational and software domain. Having proposed a set of criteria and a taxonomy, we briefly analyze representative artworks of different categories. We aim to provide a systematic overview of how artists are understanding nature and creating new life with modern technology.",
+        "output": "A Survey of Recent Practice of Artificial Life in Visual Art",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "STOCKHOLM - BioArctic AB (Nasdaq Stockholm: BIOA B) announced that its partner Eisai has received approval for Leqembi (lecanemab-irmb) in China for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease and mild Alzheimer's dementia. This makes China the third country to approve the drug, following the United States in July 2023 and Japan in September 2023.Leqembi targets amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) aggregates, which are associated with the disruption of brain function in Alzheimer's patients. The drug has been shown to reduce the rate of disease progression and slow cognitive and functional decline. The approval in China is based on positive results from the global Phase 3 Clarity AD study, which met its primary and key secondary endpoints.Eisai is preparing for the launch of Leqembi in China in the third quarter of 2024, with an estimated 17 million patients currently affected by MCI or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in the country. The company plans to distribute the product, engage in awareness activities, and improve diagnostic environments, including the use of blood-based biomarkers.BioArctic, which has been collaborating with Eisai on the development and commercialization of Leqembi, will not incur development costs and is entitled to receive payments for regulatory approvals, sales milestones, and royalties on global sales. The company also retains the right to commercialize the drug in the Nordic region, pending European approval.The information provided is based on a press release statement from BioArctic AB.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "China has approved Leqembi for treating mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's dementia, making it the third country to do so after the US and Japan. BioArctic, Eisai's partner in developing Leqembi, will receive payments for regulatory approvals, sales milestones, and royalties on global sales.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, has been witnessed as a rapidly escalating worldwide health crisis. China currently had 140.9 million diabetic population in 2021, which was the largest globally. DM has witnessed a significant surge in the past few decades, leading to an alarming rise in the overall burden caused by this disease. To monitor the near real-time DM prevalence and the consumption of first-line anti-diabetic drugs, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach based on the back-calculation of metformin concentration was implemented in 237 cities in China. The quantitative analysis of metformin in wastewater was conducted by LC-MS/MS with satisfactory results of method validation. The average concentration of metformin in wastewater was 14.07\u00b113.16mug/L, and the per capita consumption was 5.16\u00b12.08mg/day/inh, ranging from 0.90 to 10.36\u00b14.63mg/day/inh. The calculated metformin prevalence was found to be 0.52%\u00b10.28%, and the final estimated DM prevalence was 11.33%\u00b14.99%, which was nearly consistent with the result of the International Diabetes Federation survey of 9.98%. The results suggested that metformin might be one of the suitable WBE biomarkers in DM monitoring and WBE strategy could potentially enable the estimation of DM prevalence in most of Chinese cities after reasonable correction of associated parameters.",
+        "output": "Wastewater-based estimation of diabetes mellitus prevalence in 237 cities: A cross-China study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Lokesh Machines (LML) surged 14 per cent on Thursday to a fresh high of Rs 383.50 on the BSE on the back of a healthy outlook.So far in calendar year 2023, the stock has zoomed 264 per cent as compared to a 15.3 per cent rise in the BSE Sensex.The company\u2019s operations are segregated into two divisions namely Machines and Components division.It is engaged in manufacturing of custom built Special Purpose Machines (SPMs), General purpose CNC Machines (GPMs), Jigs & Fixtures and Machining of automobile Cylinder Blocks, Heads and Connecting Rods, among others.The Indian machine tools market is",
-        "output": "Lokesh Machines (LML) shares surged 14% to a new high of Rs 383.50 on the BSE due to a positive outlook, with a 264% increase in 2023 compared to the Sensex's 15.3% rise. The company manufactures custom-built machines, CNC machines, and components for the automobile industry.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Understanding the conservation condition of historical silk yarn allows to define appropriate storage, care and display of historical silk collections. This paper discusses the characterisation of silk fabrics from a collection of traditional Japanese samurai armours which date back from the 16th to the 20th century (Morigi Collection, Museo delle Culture, Lugano, Switzerland). An analytical protocol to assess silk fabrics conditions was defined, based on microinvasive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. In particular, the amide I and II region was studied in order to extrapolate the conformational information about silk proteins. According to literature, this kind of information can be related to different degradation stages. A linear correlation was found between the amide I and the amide II shifts, allowing to assess the silk fibre condition. Along with this bivariate approach based on intensity ratios, a multivariate approach based on Principal Component Analysis was also applied to ATR-FTIR spectra. This allowed to group together silks with the same state of preservation. The findings of this research offer a valuable method to researchers and conservators to identify the most damaged textiles; the differentiation between original and restoration materials was also possible in some cases. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Historical silks: a novel method to evaluate their condition with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Archaeological evidence supports sporadic seafaring visits to the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus by Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers over 12,000 years ago, followed by permanent settlements during the early Neolithic. The geographical origins of these early seafarers have so far remained elusive. By systematically analysing all available genomes from the late Pleistocene to early Holocene Near East (c. 14,000-7000 cal BCE), we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of the early Neolithic Fertile Crescent and Anatolia and infer the likely origins of three recently published genomes from Kissonerga-Mylouthkia (Cypriot Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, c. 7600-6800 cal BCE). These appear to derive roughly 80% of their ancestry from Aceramic Neolithic Central Anatolians residing in or near the Konya plain, and the remainder from a genetically basal Levantine population. Based on genome-wide weighted ancestry covariance analysis, we infer that this admixture event took place roughly between 14,000 and 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the transition from the Cypriot late Epipaleolithic to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA). Additionally, we identify strong genetic affinities between the examined Cypro-LPPNB individuals and later northwestern Anatolians and the earliest European Neolithic farmers. Our results inform archaeological evidence on prehistoric demographic processes in the Eastern Mediterranean, providing important insights into early seafaring, maritime connections, and insular settlement.",
-        "output": "Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of early settlers on the island of Cyprus.",
+        "input": "In the spirit of America's Shakespeare, August Wilson (1997), I have written this article as a testimony to the conditions under which I, and too many others, engage in scholarly discourse. I hope to make clear from the beginning that although the ideas presented here are not entirely my own-as they have been inherited from the minority of scholars who dared and managed to bring the most necessary, unpalatable, and unsettling truths about our discipline to the broader scientific community-I do not write for anyone but myself and those scholars who have felt similarly marginalized, oppressed, and silenced. And I write as a race scholar, meaning simply that I believe that race-and racism-affects the sociopolitical conditions in which humans, and scholars, develop their thoughts, feelings, and actions. I believe that it is important for all scholars to have a basic understanding of these conditions, as well as the landmines and pitfalls that define them, as they shape how research is conducted, reviewed, and disseminated. I also believe that to evolve one's discipline into one that is truly robust and objective, it must first become diverse and self-aware. Any effort to suggest otherwise, no matter how scholarly it might present itself, is intellectually unsound.",
+        "output": "Dealing With Diversity in Psychology: Science and Ideology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The goal of the project accounted in the present article was to produce a perfect replica of the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II with organic and sustainable materials and to let it be displayed without a showcase and even touched by visitors in a museum. The replica was produced by an integrated team of experts through 3D modeling and handcraft. The mummy was the core of the exhibition entitled The mummy of Ramses. The immortal pharaoh visited by more than 50 0 0 people for four months (68 opening days). The interaction of visitors with the touchable embalmed body was thus studied, as well as the preservation state of the recreated mummified skin. The results of such an experience are illustrated hereby. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Caress the pharaoh. The tactile reproduction of Ramses II's mummy in the Sapienza University Museum of the Near East, Egypt and Mediterranean",
+        "input": "Coastal seas are important pools of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) discharged from land. Considering the complex conditions in coastal seas and various biochemical features of POPs, special temporal-spatial variations in POPs have been reported. To understand these variations, we developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem-POP coupled model and applied it to the Yellow Sea. We selected two POP species (polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153 (PCB-153) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)), which have different biochemical properties, as target materials. The dissolved PCB-153 simulated concentration was high in late spring and low in autumn, whereas that of BDE-209 was high in summer and low in winter. Both PCB-153 and BDE-209 showed high particle-bound concentrations in early spring. In summer, dissolved PCB-153 accumulated at the sea bottom, whereas dissolved BDE-209 accumulated at the sea surface. Seasonal and spatial variation differences in the two POPs are likely caused by greater Henry's Law Constant (H') and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PCB-153 than that of BDE-209, which leads to higher volatilization and stronger absorption by the particles for PCB-153 than BDE-209. As a component of such differences, the biological pump of PCB-153 in the central Yellow Sea is more apparent than that of BDE-209.",
+        "output": "Effect of hydrodynamic and ecosystem conditions on persistent organic pollutant temporal-spatial variations in the Yellow Sea.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SANTA CLARA, Calif. - In a move to expand its payment solutions, Shift4 (NYSE: FOUR), a prominent integrated payments and commerce technology provider, has selected MagicCube's i-Accept as its preferred software-based point of sale (softPOS) system. This partnership, announced today, enables Shift4's merchant network to process secure contactless payments directly on Android devices.i-Accept, developed by MagicCube, converts any Android smartphone or tablet into a payment terminal capable of handling Tap-to-Pay transactions, including those requiring a PIN. The solution supports a variety of contactless payment methods, such as payment cards and mobile wallets like Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) Pay, Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Pay, and Samsung (KS:005930) Pay.Sam Shawki, CEO and co-founder of MagicCube, said the company's technology simplifies compliance with payment card industry (PCI) standards while offering a flexible and consumer-friendly payment option.Michael Isaacman, Chief Commercial Officer at Shift4, added that the integration of i-Accept into the Shift4 network is anticipated to begin early this year, promising to enhance the convenience and flexibility for retail businesses.MagicCube is recognized as a leader in the Software Defined Trust (SDT) category with its virtual Trusted Execution Environment (vTEE) platform. This partnership is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Shift4 has partnered with MagicCube to integrate i-Accept, a softPOS system, into its payment solutions, enabling merchants to process contactless payments on Android devices, supporting various payment methods and enhancing convenience for retail businesses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Lacquered artifacts are among the most exquisite objects in museum collections. However, during aging, a considerable quantity of water-soluble products are formed on the lacquered surfaces, posing significant conservation and preservation challenges. This paper presents in-depth research on the composition of these water-soluble products by the investigation into water extracts from Asian lacquer coatings during artificial aging. Lacquer coatings of 15 specially designed formulations involving different lacquer tree saps (urushi, laccol, and thitsi), drying oils, tree resins and pigments were produced and artificially aged. A set of analytical methods was developed including pH and conductivity measurements, and peak area and index analyses based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results show that artificial light aging cause the formation of a complex array of hydroxyl carboxyl benzenes (Webboxy products), while simultaneously decreasing the amounts of saturated straight-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids and glycerol. Distinct changes in the average number of hydroxyls and carboxyls bonded to the benzene rings or average chain length of the dicarboxylic fatty acids have also been observed with light aging. The additive that impeded light degradation and formation of water-soluble products the most is drying oil, and the additives that accelerated composition changes of water-soluble products was iron (treatment). Additionally, 12 new compounds have been identified as aging products of lacquer, such as tetramethyl dimethoxybenzene tetracarboxylate and benzene hexacarboxylic acid hexamethyl ester. The understanding of pH and conductivity readings of water extracts from aged lacquer is significantly improved. The research results contribute to the knowledge of aging pathways and mechanisms of alteration to Asian lacquer coatings. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Composition changes of water extracts from Asian lacquer surfaces during artificial aging and the influence of formulations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - Woolworths Group has confirmed that its W Caf\u00e9 outlets have transitioned to a cashless system, joining a growing number of retailers that are embracing electronic payments. This move reflects a broader trend within the retail industry towards digital transactions, which is seen as a way to improve customer convenience and security.While W Caf\u00e9 is now exclusively accepting non-cash payments, Woolworths supermarkets will continue to accept cash, ensuring that customers have options based on their payment preferences. The decision to go cashless at the caf\u00e9 chain has sparked conversations about the evolving landscape of retail payments and the balance between technological advancements and the use of traditional currency.The shift towards cashless operations isn't unique to Woolworths. Other retailers such as Checkers Rush, Starbucks (NASDAQ:SBUX), PNA, Checkers' Uniq stores, and the OK Urban concept store have also adopted electronic payment methods exclusively. This global movement towards cashless transactions is designed to enhance the customer experience and increase safety measures. However, it also brings to the forefront issues concerning financial inclusivity and privacy, as not all consumers may have access to digital payment options or may be wary of the privacy implications of such transactions.The adoption of cashless systems by these retailers is part of a significant transformation in the industry, as businesses aim to streamline operations and cater to the changing preferences of consumers who increasingly rely on digital payment methods. Despite the potential benefits, the conversation around this transition also reflects the need to consider the diverse needs of all customers, including those who may be impacted by the shift away from cash.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Woolworths Group's W Caf\u00e9 outlets have transitioned to a cashless system, joining a growing number of retailers embracing electronic payments for improved customer convenience and security. Other retailers like Checkers Rush, Starbucks, PNA, Checkers' Uniq stores, and OK Urban concept store have also adopted cashless operations, reflecting a global movement towards digital transactions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame and show how the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and offshore fisheries, enclosure is inefficient, and customary law supports a more efficient free sea regime. The model also identifies the trigger for changes in property rights and the reason choice of a particular limit, like the current 200-mile zone, is arbitrary. In an asymmetric, regional sea, I find that the scope of the EEZ is determined by the relative power of coastal and distant water states, and need not be efficient. Finally, I find that proposals to nationalize the seas or ban fishing on the high seas are neither efficient nor supportable as equilibria in customary law.",
+        "output": "Property Rights to the World's (Linear) Ocean Fisheries in Customary International Law",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The importance of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic is widely acknowledged. The aim of this study was (1) to understand how one's vaccine conspiracy beliefs would influence their public health news processing, (2) to examine how specific public health news features (i.e., news frame) would influence message processing, and (3) to examine if there were any differences between Black and White participants in their message processing.METHODS: A nationwide online experiment (N=821) with a 3 (vaccine conspiracy beliefs: high vs. moderate vs. low)*2 (participants' race: Black vs. White)*2 (news frames: gain vs. loss) mixed-factorial design was conducted in the United States.RESULTS: Participants' level of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was predictive of their responses to outcome measures. Additionally, Black participants reported higher perceived message effectiveness, more favorable attitudes toward the message, and higher vaccination intentions than White participants. Furthermore, health news that emphasized vaccination benefits produced more favorable attitudes than those emphasizing losses associated with non-vaccination, especially for White participants. Lastly, participants reported more favorable attitudes toward gain-framed health news regardless of their vaccine conspiracy beliefs.CONCLUSION: It is crucial for health officials to work to find effective media message strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and misinformation. Furthermore, this study supports the significance of health organizations' ongoing efforts to tailor public health messaging to specific racial groups, as evidenced by considerable variations in perceptions among Black and White Americans.",
-        "output": "COVID-19 vaccination communication: Effects of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and message framing among black and white participants.",
+        "input": "This paper follows a detection-theoretic approach for using synthetic-aperture measurements, made at multiple moving passive receivers, in order to form an image showing the locations of stationary sources that are radiating unknown electromagnetic or acoustic waves. The paper starts with a physics-based model for the propagating fields, and, following the general approach of McWhorter et al (2023 arXiv:2302.06816, IEEE Open J. Signal Process. 4 437-51), derives a detection statistic that is used for the image formation. This detection statistic is a quadratic function of the data. Each point in the scene is tested as a possible hypothesized location for a source, and the detection statistic is plotted as a function of location. Because this image formation process is nonlinear, the standard linear methods for determining resolution cannot be applied. This paper shows how to analyze the detection image by first writing the noiseless image as a coherent sum of shifted complex ambiguity functions of the source waveform. The paper then develops a technique for calculating image resolution; resolution is found to depend on the sensor-source geometry and also on the properties (bandwidth and temporal duration) of the source waveform. Optimal filtering of the image is given, but a simple example suggests that optimal filtering may have little effect. Analysis is also given for the case in which multiple sources are present.",
+        "output": "Image analysis and resolution for detection-based synthetic-aperture passive source localization",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.",
-        "output": "ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.",
+        "input": "CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Demand forecasting is a vital step for production planning and consequently, for supply chain efficiency, especially for the pharmaceutical (pharma) supply chain due to its unique characteristics. Numerous models and techniques that are proposed in the literature but little in concrete and generic framework to forecasting process, mainly for pharmaceutical supply chain. Unlike studies in the literature, this study not only perfectly predict the sales of a pharma manufacturer, but also visualize the results via a developed dashboard using modern information technology and business intelligence.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this research, a rolling forecasting framework comprising of different steps and specialized tools is proposed that can assist supply chain managers to perform an accurate sales forecasting and consequently a better performance and specifically patient satisfaction. The proposed generic framework combines the use of Visual studio C++ software to extract optimal forecasting and the Power BI software to monitor the accuracy of the obtained sales forecasts. Three exponential smoothing methods are integrated in the proposed framework, which is open to adding more new forecasting methods.RESULTS: The proposed framework is tested for many data sets from a pharmaceutical manufacturer company, and the results obtained show superior performance, especially a clear decline in both forecast errors, which can reach 75% and a drop of stock level to 50%. Therefore, the company is currently using it and a future integration with their ERP is being carried out.CONCLUSION: The proposed rolling forecasting framework contributes to insightful decision-making through the visualization of accurate future sales and turnover, and consequently, an efficient stock management and effective production planning.",
+        "output": "A new rolling forecasting framework using Microsoft Power BI for data visualization: A case study in a pharmaceutical industry.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Uncertainty quantification for inverse problems in imaging has drawn much attention lately. Existing approaches towards this task define uncertainty regions based on probable values per pixel, while ignoring spatial correlations within the image, resulting in an exaggerated volume of uncertainty. In this paper, we propose PUQ (Principal Uncertainty Quantification) - a novel definition and corresponding analysis of uncertainty regions that takes into account spatial relationships within the image, thus providing reduced volume regions. Using recent advancements in generative models, we derive uncertainty intervals around principal components of the empirical posterior distribution, forming an ambiguity region that guarantees the inclusion of true unseen values with a user-defined confidence probability. To improve computational efficiency and interpretability, we also guarantee the recovery of true unseen values using only a few principal directions, resulting in more informative uncertainty regions. Our approach is verified through experiments on image colorization, super-resolution, and inpainting; its effectiveness is shown through comparison to baseline methods, demonstrating significantly tighter uncertainty regions.",
-        "output": "Principal Uncertainty Quantification With Spatial Correlation for Image Restoration Problems",
+        "input": "Introduction: Mailed stool testing for colorectal cancer (CRC) may improve screening uptake and reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC, especially among patients at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). To expand screening programs it is important to identify cost-effective approaches.Methods: We developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost, effects on screening and patient outcomes (CRCs detected, CRCs prevented, CRC deaths prevented), and cost-effectiveness of implementing a state-wide mailed stool testing program over 5 years among unscreened, age-eligible (aged 50-75 y) patients at FQHCs in Texas. We compared various outreach strategies and organizational structures (centralized, regional, or a hybrid). We used data from our existing regional mailed stool testing program and recent systematic reviews to set parameters for the model. Costs included start-up and ongoing activities and were estimated in 2022 US dollars from the perspective of a hypothetical third-party payer. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by using both incremental and average cost-effectiveness ratios.Results: Using either a statewide centralized or hybrid organizational configuration to mail stool tests to newly eligible FQHC patients and patients who have responded at least once since program inception is likely to result in the best use of resources over 5 years, enabling more than 110,000 additional screens, detecting an incremental 181 to 194 CRCs, preventing 91 to 98 CRCs, and averting 46 to 50 CRC deaths, at a cost of $10 million to $11 million compared with no program.Conclusions: A statewide mailed stool testing program for FQHC patients can be implemented at reasonable cost with considerable effects on CRC screening outcomes, especially when its structure maximizes program efficiency while maintaining effectiveness.",
+        "output": "Costs and Projected Effect of a Federally Qualified Health Center-Based Mailed Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Texas.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.",
-        "output": "Molecular Epidemiology of Mayaro Virus among Febrile Patients, Roraima State, Brazil, 2018-2021.",
+        "input": "This article argues that the conceptual basis for the Norwegian policy framed by 'deterrence and reassurance' towards the Soviet Union/Russia has consisted of two divergent 'balancing acts'. One is 'calibrated deterrence', where reassurance is the means to 'balance' the deterrent effect. The other is a 'balance' between two theoretically conflicting means of achieving security: calibrated deterrence, versus reassurance understood as efforts and means to achieve common security. The argument implies that reassurance balancing deterrence has represented different things according to its use. Clarifying these distinct dyads improves our theoretical understanding of how states conduct their deterrent policies.",
+        "output": "The dual 'dual' policy: Two conceptions of 'deterrence and reassurance' in Norwegian security policy and analyses",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Wooden shipwrecks submerged in underwater environments are susceptible to physical and biological corrosion. This study investigates the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEMEDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), were employed to analyze the corrosion processes. The findings have unveiled a distinct pattern of black corrosion, prominently concentrated within the interface region where barnacles attach to the wooden shipwreck. This corrosion primarily consists of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3 S4 and exhibits a notable tendency to expand along the wooden surface to interior region. Additionally, a striking ultraviolet fluorescence phenomenon emanates from the barnacle cement within the adhesion region of barnacles and the wooden surface. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the origin of this black corrosion is intricately linked to the barnacle cement, its role in biological corrosion, and subsequent biomineralization processes. To conclude, this study provides an intricate account of the microbial corrosion process influenced by barnacle cement in the context of the wooden shipwreck. The research findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a point of reference in identifying the sources of disease and implementing protective measures for waterlogged wooden cultural relics. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Barnacle attachment and its corrosion effects on the surface of the Yangtze Estuary II Shipwreck",
+        "input": "Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a technically challenging surgical procedure. More recently, quality of life and survivorship following PEs are being increasingly acknowledged as important patient outcomes. This includes evaluating major long-term complications such as hernias, defined as the protrusion of internal organs through a facial defect (The PelvEx Collaborative in Br J Surg109:1251-1263, 2022), for which there is currently limited literature. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the incidence and risk factors for postoperative hernia formation among our PE cohort managed at a quaternary centre.METHOD: A retrospective cohort study examining hernia formation following PE for locally advanced rectal carcinoma and locally recurrent rectal carcinoma between June 2010 and August 2022 at a quaternary cancer centre was performed. Baseline data evaluating patient characteristics, surgical techniques and outcomes was collated among a PE cohort of 243 patients. Postoperative hernia incidence was evaluated via independent radiological screening and clinical examination.RESULTS: A total of 79 patients (32.5%) were identified as having developed a hernia. Expectantly, those undergoing flap reconstruction had a lower incidence of postoperative hernias. Of the 79 patients who developed postoperative hernias, 16.5% reported symptoms with the most common symptom reported being pain. Reintervention was required in 18 patients (23%), all of which were operative.CONCLUSION: This study found over one-third of PE patients developed a hernia postoperatively. This paper highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and optimization of patients to minimize morbidity.",
+        "output": "Evaluating postoperative hernia incidence and risk factors following pelvic exenteration.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chloramphenicol (CAP) is an antibiotic that commonly pollutes the environment, and microorganisms primarily drive its degradation and transformation. Although several pathways for CAP degradation have been documented in different bacteria, multiple metabolic pathways in the same strain and their potential biological significance have not been revealed. In this study, Sphingobium WTD-1, which was isolated from activated sludge, can completely degrade 100mg/L CAP within 60h as the sole energy source. UPLC-HRMS and HPLC analyses showed that three different pathways, including acetylation, hydroxyl oxidation, and oxidation (C1-C2 bond cleavage), are responsible for the metabolism of CAP. Importantly, acetylation and C3 hydroxyl oxidation reduced the cytotoxicity of the substrate to strain WTD-1, and the C1-C2 bond fracture of CAP generated the metabolite p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) to provide energy for its growth. This indicated that the synergistic action of three metabolic pathways caused WTD-1 to be adaptable and able to degrade high concentrations of CAP in the environment. This study deepens our understanding of the microbial degradation pathway of CAP and highlights the biological significance of the synergistic metabolism of antibiotic pollutants by multiple pathways in the same strain.",
-        "output": "Revealing the biological significance of multiple metabolic pathways of chloramphenicol by Sphingobium sp. WTD-1.",
+        "input": "In Latin America, rabies virus has persisted in a cycle between Desmodus rotundus vampire bats and cattle, potentially enhanced by deforestation. We modeled bovine rabies virus outbreaks in Costa Rica relative to land-use indicators and found spatial-temporal relationships among rabies virus outbreaks with deforestation as a predictor.",
+        "output": "Deforestation and Bovine Rabies Outbreaks in Costa Rica, 1985-2020.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India may reconsider allowing local firms to list on foreign exchanges, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said on Monday, signalling New Delhi could revive a plan put on hold due to domestic opposition and tax concerns.Under current regulations, Indian firms are not allowed to list directly on overseas exchanges. They can only list on foreign exchanges through instruments such as depository receipts.The plan to allow direct overseas listing of Indian firms was first announced in 2020, but was shelved following concerns around tax losses and opposition from a faction of the ruling party, which feared less Indian regulatory oversight of domestic firms that list abroad.Sitharaman was speaking at a joint press conference with British Finance Minister Jeremy Hunt following bilateral talks after the weekend's G20 meetings in New Delhi.Hunt told the press that the Indian government had said it would consider allowing Indian companies to list directly on the London Stock Exchange.\"We are particularly pleased to make a big step forward to make a first confirmation by India that it will explore the London Stock Exchange as an international destination for the direct listing of Indian companies,\" Hunt said.In 2020, Reuters reported that the London Stock Exchange was in talks with several Indian technology firms for their overseas stock listings, before the government shelved allowing overseas listings.In July, India said it would allow companies to list on exchanges registered in the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), a new financial tax neutral hub housed in the Gujarat International Financial Tech City (GIFT) in India, to give companies easier access to foreign capital.\"We have mentioned earlier once that we are looking at listing, commencing with the IFSC, so once that is done, we may look at moving further (with overseas listing),\" Sitharaman said.\"So at this stage we have said that we are looking at listing in IFSC first.\"(Reporting by Nikunj Ohri; editing by Sudipto Ganguly, Sharon Singleton and Susan Fenton)",
-        "output": "India is considering allowing local firms to list on foreign exchanges, including the London Stock Exchange, after shelving the plan in 2020 due to tax concerns and opposition from a faction of the ruling party. The move is part of India's efforts to provide companies with easier access to foreign capital.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Growth hormone (GH) has been proposed as an adjunct in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, especially in women with poor ovarian response. However, it is unclear whether GH supplementation is effective in women with poor embryonic development in the previous IVF cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of GH supplementation in IVF/ICSI cycles in women with poor embryonic development in the previous cycle.METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study from a public fertility center in China, in which we performed propensity score-matching (PSM) for female age and AFC in a ratio of 1:1. We compared the cumulative live birth rate per started cycle, as well as a series of secondary outcomes. We included 3,043 women with poor embryonic development in the previous IVF/ICSI cycle, of which 1,326 had GH as adjuvant therapy and 1,717 had not. After PSM, there were 694 women in each group.RESULTS: After PSM, multivariate analyses showed the cumulative live birth rate to be significantly higher in the GH group than the control group [N=694, 34.7% vs. N=694, 27.5%, risk ratio (RR): 1.4 (95%CI: 1.1-1.8)]. Endometrial thickness, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos available, and number of good-quality embryos were significantly higher in the GH group compared to controls. Pregnancy outcomes in terms of birth weight, gestational age, fetal sex, preterm birth rate, and type of delivery were comparable. When we evaluated the impact of GH on different categories of female age, the observed benefit in the GH group did not appear to be significant. When we assessed the effect of GH in different AFC categories, the effect of GH was strongest in women with an AFC5-6 (32.2% versus 19.5%; RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.3).CONCLUSIONS: Women with poor embryonic quality in the previous IVF/ICSI cycles have higher rates of cumulative live birth with GH supplementation.",
+        "output": "Does growth hormone supplementation of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection improve cumulative live birth rates in women with poor embryonic development in the previous cycle?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) Sensex is now up more than 800 points during afternoon trade on Friday led by IT, banks and real estate stocks.Sensex is up 814 points at 72,535 points.IT stocks are the top gainer on BSE after  Infosys  (NS:INFY) and TCS announced their quarterly results.Among the Sensex stocks, Infosys is up 8 per cent,  Tech Mahindra  (NS:TEML) up 5 per cent, TCS up 4 per cent, HCL Tech (NS:HCLT) up 3 per cent and SBI (NS:SBI) up 2 per cent.Elara Securities said in a report that Infosys Q3 results reflect persistent revenue leakage; weak discretionary demand and disparity between deal wins and revenue growth.\u201cWe find no green-shoots in management commentary regarding revenue growth outlook and assess limited room to utilise traditional margin levers (utilisation at 82.7%). With two quarters of revenue decline in H2FY24 (revised guidance implies a 0.7 per cent QoQ revenue dip in Q4E at mid-point), Infosys has had a very weak start to FY25,\" the report said.Elara Securities said  Tata Consultancy Services  (NS:TCS) delivered a revenue beat after two misses.Q3FY24 revenue was up 1 per cent QoQ beating both median consensus estimates of 0.2 per cent growth and our estimate of 1 per cent contraction.--IANSsan/ksk",
-        "output": "Sensex surged over 800 points on Friday, driven by IT, banking, and real estate stocks, with Infosys and TCS reporting strong quarterly results. Infosys gained 8%, while TCS rose 4%, contributing significantly to the rally.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Accurate debris flow susceptibility mapping (DFSM) plays a crucial role in enabling government authorities to devise rational policies to mitigate the threats posed by debris flows to human life and property. Nujiang Prefecture, located in the alpine canyon region, is prone to frequent debris flows in China. Therefore, this study focuses on Nujiang Prefecture as the research area. Based on the characteristics of debris flow development, the occurrence mechanism, and the actual conditions of the study area, small watersheds are selected as mapping units. Fifteen influencing factors, including elevation, slope, aspect, relief, surface roughness, Melton ratio, NDVI, lithology, distance to faults, rainfall, SPI, TWI, STI, watershed aera, and gully density, are considered in the mapping process. We explored the predictive performance of three single models, namely, the statistical model certainly factor (CF), the machine learning model support vector machines (SVM), and the deep learning model convolutional neural network (CNN). Additionally, we investigated the coupling models CF-LR (statistical model coupled with machine learning model) and CNN-SVM (machine learning model coupled with deep learning model) in the mapping of debris flow sensitivity. The analysis and comparison of model performance were conducted using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the mean value (MV) and standard deviation (SD) of debris flow sensitivity values. The results demonstrate that all five models show promising performance in DFSM. Among them, the CNN-SVM coupled model (AUC = 0.933, MV = 0.211, SD = 0.199) outperforms the others, exhibiting the best predictive capability. These findings can serve as valuable references for debris flow prevention and control efforts.",
+        "output": "Debris flow susceptibility mapping in alpine canyon region: a case study of Nujiang Prefecture",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines in salt flats has been evaluated in a unique natural laboratory in the Chilean Andes. The area encompasses Laguna Verde (LV), a hypersaline lake, and a salt flat (salar) within a closed basin surrounded by volcanoes. The predominant lithology consists of andesitic-dacitic rocks, with limited occurrences of rhyolitic rocks. The LV geothermal system exhibits surface manifestations, including over 20 hot springs reaching 47 C-degrees along the lake's southern margin. The upflow zone is represented by the fumarolic field in the Nevado Ojos del Salado volcano, 25 km southwest of LV. Lithium concentrations range from 2.76 to 4.46 mg/L in thermal water and 0.59 to 0.76 mg/L in the Penas Blancas river water, which feeds into LV after passing through a volcanic environment rich in lithium -bearing rocks. However, the thermal waters contribute over six times more lithium than non -thermal waters, highlighting their significance in releasing and transporting lithium from the source rocks to its eventual accumulation in LV. This natural laboratory at LV provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines, offering valuable insights into the processes involved in lithium enrichment in similar geological and climatic conditions in other geographic areas.",
-        "output": "A critical evaluation of the role of a geothermal system in lithium enrichment of brines in the salt flats: A case study from Laguna Verde in the Atacama Region of Chile",
+        "input": "Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), a workhorse of the semiconductor industry, has progressed rapidly in the last few decades in the development of novel materials. Recent developments in condensed matter and materials physics have seen the rise of many novel quantum materials that require ultra-clean and high-quality samples for fundamental studies and applications. Novel oxide-based quantum materials synthesized using MBE have advanced the development of the field and materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in new MBE techniques that have enabled synthesis of complex oxides that exhibit 'quantum' phenomena, including superconductivity and topological electronic states. We show how these techniques have produced breakthroughs in the synthesis of 4d and 5d oxide films and heterostructures that are of particular interest as quantum materials. These new techniques in MBE offer a bright future for the synthesis of ultra-high quality oxide quantum materials.",
+        "output": "Advances in complex oxide quantum materials through new approaches to molecular beam epitaxy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "This article was created with the help of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more details, refer to our T&C.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Training of medical interns at the Middelburg district hospital has been introduced as part of the mandatory 6 months' rotation in Family Medicine department since 2021. This report provides an overview of what has been attained in 2021 and 2022. It covers various aspects of the activities medical interns have been exposed to in the Middelburg hospital and the surrounding primary health care clinics.Contribution:Sharing experiences of family medicine training for medical interns in district hospitals is essential because the 6 months' rotation is new for most family physician trainers, especially those in small hospitals and primary health care clinics. Taking into account the paucity of evidence on the topic, the report brings current information that supports that training medical interns in district hospitals and primary health care clinics prepares them to be comfortable and competent clinicians for the generalist work during the community service year ahead.",
+        "output": "Medical interns' training in family medicine at a district hospital and primary health care clinics in Middelburg, Mpumalanga.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Evacuations require people to leave their homes and seek temporary accommodations for varying lengths of time. However, although studies of evacuation and return-entry examine travel to and from short-term evacuation destinations, prior work overlooks relocations from one destination to another during long-term evacuations. In this study we use novel spatial-social network data from a household mail survey administered in three US regions (Akron, OH, Philadelphia, PA, and State College, PA) to examine people's decisions to relocate from short-term to long-term evacuation destinations. To understand these decisions, we used a CatBoost classification algorithm to examine the significance of demographic and evacuation-related factors, including social support from family and friends at evacuation and relocation destinations, that affect relocation decision-making during evacuations lasting up to two months. We find that a majority of respondents plan to remain at a single destination during a long-term evacuation and tend to receive support, such as accommodations, from family and friends at these destinations. In contrast, respondents who plan to relocate tend to lack support from family and friends at long-term destinations. While relocation decisions are influenced by multiple factors, travel to remote evacuation destinations and lack of social support at these destinations have the greatest influence on relocation decision-making. In contrast, no demographic attributes show statistically significant correlation with relocation decisions. By revealing evacuees' intended short- and long-term evacuation and relocation destinations, and social support available to evacuees at these locations, the study's findings offer implications for the strategic management of large-scale evacuation and return-entry processes.",
-        "output": "Relocation and Social Support during Large-Scale Evacuations",
+        "input": "Hand stencils are a remarkable graphic expression in Prehistoric rock art, dating back to 42 ka BP. Although these stencils provide direct impressions of the artists' hands, the characterization of their biological profile (i.e., biological sex and age) is very challenging. Previous studies have attempted this analysis with traditional morphometrics (TM), whereas little research has been undertaken using Geometric Morphometrics (GM), a method widely used in other disciplines but only tentatively employed in rock art studies. However, the large variation in relative finger position in archaeological hands poses the question of whether these representations can be examined through GM, or, in contrast, if this creates an unmanageable error in the results. To address this issue, a 2D hand scans sample of 70 living individuals (F = 35; M = 35) has been collected in three standardized positions (n = 210) and digitized with 32 2D conventional landmarks. Results show that the intra-individual distance (mean Procrustes distance between Pos. 1-2 = 0.132; 2-3 = 0.191; 1-3 = 0.292) is larger than the inter-individual distance (mean in 1 = 0.122; 2 = 0.142; 3 = 0.165). Finally, it has been demonstrated that the relative finger positions, as well as the inclusion of all hand parts in the analysis, have an overshadowing effect on other variables potentially involved in the morphometric variability of the hand, such as biological sex.",
+        "output": "Exploring the utility of Geometric Morphometrics to analyse prehistoric hand stencils",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO - Power Nickel Inc. (TSXV: PNPN) (OTCBB: PNPNF) (Frankfurt: IVV) has completed a private placement, raising CAD $2.18 million through the sale of flow-through units to fund its exploration activities at the Nisk property in Quebec, the company announced. The private placement, which closed on December 29, 2023, consisted of 4,360,000 units at a price of $0.50 each.The proceeds from the sale are earmarked for the exploration of the Nisk property, where the company plans to deploy a second drilling rig to investigate new targets identified by Ambient Noise Tomography technology. The exploration is part of a broader 2024 plan that includes completing a feasibility study with CVMR Inc., spinning out copper and gold assets, and defending against predatory short sellers.Each unit sold in the private placement includes one common share and a half warrant, with each full warrant convertible into a non-flow-through common share at $0.50 for three years post-issuance. The warrants come with an acceleration clause that could shorten their exercise period under certain conditions.The company has received conditional approval from the TSX Venture Exchange for the private placement and plans to use the federal 30% Critical Mineral Exploration Tax Credit towards eligible Canadian exploration expenses.In 2023, Power Nickel increased its NI 43-101 Mineral Resource Estimate significantly, and for 2024, it aims to continue this trend. Other plans include completing a feasibility study with CVMR Inc., which has suggested a potential 30% improvement in mineral recovery and a notable increase in revenue for finished products over concentrate.Additionally, Power Nickel intends to spin out its copper and gold assets into a new company, Pan American Gold Equities, using the same Ambient Noise Tomography technology in Chile.The company is also in the process of selling a royalty at the Teck Resources (NYSE:TECK) Limited-owned Copaquire project and negotiating a 10% stake and offtake agreement for Nisk production.Power Nickel's CEO Terry Lynch expressed optimism about the company's ambitious 2024 program, emphasizing transparent communication with stakeholders and the potential of Nisk to become Canada's first Carbon Neutral nickel mine.This article is based on a press release statement and contains only facts from the release, without speculation or subjective assessment.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Power Nickel Inc. raised CAD $2.18 million through a private placement to fund exploration activities at the Nisk property in Quebec, including deploying a second drilling rig to investigate new targets identified by Ambient Noise Tomography technology. The company plans to use the proceeds to complete a feasibility study with CVMR Inc., spin out copper and gold assets, and defend against predatory short sellers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Lung health, the development of lung disease, and how well a person with lung disease is able to live all depend on a wide range of societal factors. These systemic factors that adversely affect people and cause injustice can be thought of as structural violence. To make the causal processes relating to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more apparent, and the responsibility to interrupt or alleviate them clearer, we have developed a taxonomy to describe this. It contains five domains: 1) avoidable lung harms (processes impacting lung development, processes that disadvantage lung health in particular groups across the life course), 2) diagnostic delay (healthcare factors; norms and attitudes that mean COPD is not diagnosed in a timely way, denying people with COPD effective treatment), 3) inadequate COPD care (ways in which the provision of care for people with COPD falls short of what is needed to ensure they are able to enjoy the best possible health, considered as healthcare resource allocation and norms and attitudes influencing clinical practice), 4) low status of COPD (ways COPD as a condition and people with COPD are held in less regard and considered less of a priority than other comparable health problems), and 5) lack of support (factors that make living with COPD more difficult than it should be, i.e., socioenvironmental factors and factors that promote social isolation). This model has relevance for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public as an educational resource to change clinical practices and priorities and stimulate advocacy and activism with the goal of the elimination of COPD.",
+        "output": "Lung Disease and Social Justice: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Manifestation of Structural Violence.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - In a recent interview with CNBC, JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) CEO Jamie Dimon reiterated his doubts about the value of Bitcoin, leading to a dip in the cryptocurrency's price today. Despite his critical stance, Bitcoin spot Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) have continued to draw significant investment, reflecting a persistent investor appetite for the digital currency.Dimon's latest comments echo his long-held skepticism towards Bitcoin, which he conveyed during his appearance on the network. Following his remarks, Bitcoin experienced a price drop, falling to $42,400. The decline underscores the influence that prominent financial figures can have on the volatile cryptocurrency markets.However, Dimon did acknowledge the potential of blockchain technology, the underlying system for Bitcoin, in certain applications. This nod to the technology's utility indicates a recognition of the growing role digital ledgers play in modern finance, even as he casts doubt on the cryptocurrency itself.While Dimon's views may not align with the enthusiasm of cryptocurrency advocates, the continued inflow of billions into Bitcoin spot ETFs suggests that many investors remain bullish on the future of digital assets.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Despite JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon's skepticism about Bitcoin's value, Bitcoin spot ETFs continue to attract significant investment, indicating persistent investor appetite for digital currency. Dimon's comments led to a dip in Bitcoin's price, highlighting the influence of prominent financial figures on volatile cryptocurrency markets.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study investigates how tourists' Green Environmental Knowledge, Green Hotel Knowledge, and environment concern impact pro-environmental (PE) attitudes. Using mixed methods, it examines how PE attitudes influence the intention to stay at eco-friendly hotels, based on the theory of planned behavior. The study further explores the moderating role of the Greta Effect in connecting PE attitudes and hotel choice. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to enhance the comprehension of quantitative findings, on exploring the moderating impact of the Greta Effect. The findings highlight the important role of environmental activism in inspiring action for green hotel choice.",
+        "output": "Beyond carbon footprints: the 'Greta Thunberg Effect' and tourist hotel preferences",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the simulation teaching of congenital malformations.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis between an experimental group that received traditional teaching supplemented with 3D printing model demonstrations and hands-on model operation, and a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Various parameters, including classroom interest, classroom interaction, learning enthusiasm, disease awareness, teaching satisfaction, and independent operation confidence, were assessed, along with theoretical and practical tests.RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in theoretical test scores between the two groups (91.92\u00b115.04 vs. 89.44\u00b114.89), but the practical test revealed a significantly higher number of qualified trainees in the experimental group compared to the control group (23 vs. 8). In terms of classroom engagement, both groups exhibited similar levels of interest (8.08\u00b11.52 vs. 8.74\u00b10.984), classroom interaction (7.88\u00b11.97 vs. 8.7\u00b11.33), learning enthusiasm (8.81\u00b11.021 vs. 8.52\u00b11.189), and disease awareness (8.58\u00b10.99 vs. 8.58\u00b10.99). However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher teaching satisfaction (8.81\u00b11.06 vs. 9.19\u00b10.96) and greater operation confidence (7.67\u00b12.56 vs. 5.5\u00b12.79) than the control group.CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized to create surgical teaching models, enhancing the confidence of standardized training doctors and improving teaching outcomes.",
-        "output": "Feasibility and impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in simulated teaching of congenital malformations.",
+        "input": "In recent years, the proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms on a global scale has been remarkable. Learners can now meet their learning demands with the help of MOOC. However, learners might not understand the course material well if they have access to a lot of information due to their inadequate expertise and cognitive ability. Personalized Recommender Systems (RSs), a cutting-edge technology, can assist in addressing this issue. It greatly increases resource acquisition through personalized availability for various people of all ages. Intelligent learning methods, such as machine learning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used in RS challenges. However, machine learning needs supervised data and classical RL is not suitable for multi-task recommendations in online learning platforms. To address these challenges, the proposed framework integrates a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and multi-agent approach. This adaptive system personalizes the learning experience by considering key factors such as learner sentiments, learning style, preferences, competency, and adaptive difficulty levels. We formulate the interactive RS problem using a DRL-based Actor-Critic model named DRR, treating recommendations as a sequential decision-making process. The DRR enables the system to provide top-N course recommendations and personalized learning paths, enriching the student's experience. Extensive experiments on a MOOC dataset such as the 100K Coursera course review validate the proposed DRR model, demonstrating its superiority over baseline models in major evaluation metrics for long-term recommendations. The outcomes of this research contribute to the field of e-learning technology, guiding the design and implementation of course RSs, to facilitate personalized and relevant recommendations for online learning students.",
+        "output": "An adaptable and personalized framework for top-N course recommendations in online learning.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The mortality risk attributable to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely characterized and has historically been underestimated. We aim to evaluate the association between moderate AS and all-cause death, comparing it with no/mild AS (in a general referral population and in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction).METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review and pooled meta-analysis of Kaplan-Meier-derived reconstructed time-to-event data of studies published by June 2023 was conducted to evaluate survival outcomes among patients with moderate AS in comparison with individuals with no/mild AS. Ten studies were included, encompassing a total of 409680 patients (11527 with moderate AS and 398153 with no/mild AS). In the overall population, the 15-year overall survival rate was 23.3% (95% CI, 19.1%-28.3%) in patients with moderate AS and 58.9% (95% CI, 58.1%-59.7%) in patients with no/mild aortic stenosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55 [95% CI, 2.46-2.64]; P<0.001). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the 10-year overall survival rate was 15.5% (95% CI, 10.0%-24.0%) in patients with moderate AS and 37.3% (95% CI, 36.2%-38.5%) in patients with no/mild AS (HR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.69-2.0]; P<0.001). In both populations (overall and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), these differences correspond to significant lifetime loss associated with moderate AS during follow-up (4.4years, P<0.001; and 1.9years, P<0.001, respectively). A consistent pattern of elevated mortality rate associated with moderate AS in sensitivity analyses of matched studies was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate AS was associated with higher risk of death and lifetime loss compared with patients with no/mild AS.",
-        "output": "Moderate Aortic Valve Stenosis Is Associated With Increased Mortality Rate and Lifetime Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data of 409680 Patients.",
+        "input": "Disturbances in tropical forests can have long-lasting ecological impacts, but their manifestations (ecological legacies) in modern forests are uncertain. Many Amazonian forests bear the mark of past soil modifications, species enrichments, and fire events, but the trajectories of ecological legacies from the pre-contact or post-colonial period remain relatively unexplored. We assessed the fire and vegetation history from 15 soil cores ranging from 0 to 10 km from a post-colonial Surinamese archaeological site. We show that (1) fires occurred from 96 bc to recent times and induced significant vegetation change, (2) persistent ecological legacies from pre-contact and post-colonial fire and deforestation practices were mainly within 1 km of the archaeological site, and (3) palm enrichment of Attalea, Oenocarpus and Astrocaryum occurred within 0, 1, and 8 km of the archaeological site, respectively. Our results challenge the notion of spatially extensive and persistent ecological legacies. Instead, our data indicate that the persistence and extent of ecological legacies are dependent on their timing, frequency, type, and intensity. Examining the mechanisms and manifestations of ecological legacies is crucial in assessing forest resilience and Indigenous and local land rights in the highly threatened Amazonian forests.",
+        "output": "Pre-contact and post-colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: District Residency Programme (DRP) was introduced by National Medical Commission as mandatory three-months training program for postgraduate residents. The program was for the first time implemented in April 2023 in Rajasthan. However, it ran into several teething problems, especially for residents. With a lack of any precedence, this study was planned to explore experiences and challenges of residents posted in DRP.METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 DRP sites attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur between August-October 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from residents who had completed DRP. Questions were scored on a five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to show association.RESULTS: Only around 17% residents felt that the learning objectives of DRP were fulfilled and nearly 60% residents felt isolated from academic activities and parent department. Over half of the residents were never posted with their concerned specialty services. Around four-fifth residents felt concerned about safety at least sometimes and more than three-fourth residents were dissatisfied with basic amenities. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests showed significant association of gender and specialisation strata with multiple outcome variables.CONCLUSION: The study finds high degree of dissatisfaction among residents towards learning objectives, academic learning, and basic amenities during DRP. There was also a clear lack of specialty-exposure and high concerns of safety, especially for female residents. The study findings should alarm and inform policymakers and administrators to improve DRP implementation so as to better achieve laid objectives.",
-        "output": "Early evidence of implementation of District Residency Programme: experiences and challenges of residents in Rajasthan, India.",
+        "input": "This paper is about the concept of semantically closed languages. Roughly speaking, those are languages which can name their own sentences and apply to them semantic predicates, such as the truth or satisfaction predicates. Hence, they are self-referential languages, in the sense that they are capable of producing sentences about themselves or other sentences in the same language. In section one, we introduce the concept informally; in section two, we provide the formal definition of first-order semantically closed languages, which is the Tarskian definition with some technical modifications. Then, we construct a semantic for this kind of language, and prove that the language is indeed semantically closed (according to Definition 1). Finally, we discuss whether the logic underlying the construction is classical, and future goals of this research.",
+        "output": "On a First-Order Bi-Sorted Semantically Closed Language",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DE SOTO, KANSAS - Panasonic (OTC:PCRFY) Corporation is advancing its plans to construct a $4 billion lithium-ion battery manufacturing facility in De Soto, Kansas, with production slated to commence in early 2025. This strategic move is set to bolster the company's battery production capacity and is anticipated to generate around 4,000 new jobs in the area that spans across 4.7 million square feet.\u00a0The state-supported project with $1 billion economic incentives.The De Soto plant forms a critical component of Panasonic's larger ambition to scale up its manufacturing presence in the United States and to stay competitive in the global battery market. The facility is being established in response to the growing market demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for powering electric vehicles and supporting the transition to renewable energy sources.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Panasonic is investing $4 billion to build a lithium-ion battery manufacturing facility in De Soto, Kansas, with production starting in early 2025, creating 4,000 jobs and supported by $1 billion in state incentives.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This multi-disciplinary study examines the historical and technical aspect of the supply of ornamental white marble in Ottoman Algiers between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Our systematic analysis of Ottoman Regency administration archives, specifically the correspondence between provincial chiefs of Algiers and Cherchell dating from 1824 to 1825AD, reveals two distinct supply routes for white ornamental marble to Algiers' building sites. The first identifies Genoa as the sole source of imports, while the second confirms the reuse of remains from the ancient Roman city of Caesarea/Cherchell. To verify these provenances of ornamental white marble, petrographic and geochemical analyses were conducted on fifteen (15) white marble samples collected from the architectural elements of the Ottoman Algiers Citadel. This palatial complex's construction and subsequent completion coincide with the period of the archival data. Experimental results confirm the Italian origin of the majority of samples, primarily from Carrara.",
+        "output": "The Ornamental white marble use and reuse at the Ottoman palaces of Algiers' Regency: New knowledge to a provenance study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "What is the connection between the cultural evolution of a language and the rapid processing response to that language in the brains of individual learners? In an iterated communication study that was conducted previously, participants were asked to communicate temporal concepts such as tomorrow, day after, year, and past using vertical movements recorded on a touch screen. Over time, participants developed simple artificial 'languages' that used space metaphorically to communicate in nuanced ways about time. Some conventions appeared rapidly and universally (e.g., using larger vertical movements to convey greater temporal durations). Other conventions required extensive social interaction and exhibited idiosyncratic variation (e.g., using vertical location to convey past or future). Here we investigate whether the brain's response during acquisition of such a language reflects the process by which the language's conventions originally evolved. We recorded participants' EEG as they learned one of these artificial space-time languages. Overall, the brain response to this artificial communication system was language-like, with, for instance, violations to the system's conventions eliciting an N400-like component. Over the course of learning, participants' brain responses developed in ways that paralleled the process by which the language had originally evolved, with early neural sensitivity to violations of a rapidly-evolving universal convention, and slowly developing neural sensitivity to an idiosyncratic convention that required slow social negotiation to emerge. This study opens up exciting avenues of future work to disentangle how neural biases influence learning and transmission in the emergence of structure in language.",
-        "output": "Brain responses to a lab-evolved artificial language with space-time metaphors",
+        "input": "The extensive use of antidiabetic drugs (ADDs) and their detection in high concentrations in the environment have been extensively documented. However, the mechanism of ADDs dissipation in aquatic environments is still not well understood. This study thoroughly investigates the dissipation behavior of ADDs and the underlying mechanisms in the aerobic activated sludge system. The results indicate that the removal efficiencies of ADDs range from 3.98% to 100% within 48h, largely due to the biodegradation process. Additionally, the gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is shown to be significantly upregulated in most ADDs-polluted samples (P<0.05), indicating the vital role of CYP450 enzymes in the biodegradation of ADDs. Enzyme inhibition experiments validated this hypothesis. Moreover, molecular docking and simulation results indicate that a strong correlation between the biodegradation of ADDs and the interactions between ADDs and CYP450 (Ebinding). The differences in dissipation behavior among the tested ADDs are possibly due to their electrophilic characteristics. Overall, this study makes the initial contribution to a more profound comprehension of the crucial function of CYP450 enzymes in the dissipation behavior of ADDs in a typical aquatic environment.",
+        "output": "Vital role of CYP450 in the biodegradation of antidiabetic drugs in the aerobic activated sludge system and the mechanisms.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Autism is characterized by atypical social communication styles. To investigate whether individuals with high autistic traits could still have effective social communication among each other, we compared the behavioral patterns and communication quality within 64 dyads of college students paired with both high, both low, and mixed high-low (HL) autistic traits, with their gender matched. Results revealed that the high-high (HH) autistic dyads exhibited atypical behavioral patterns during conversations, including reduced mutual gaze, communicational turns, and emotional sharing compared with the low-low and/or HL autistic dyads. However, the HH autistic dyads displayed enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization during social communications measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, suggesting an effective communication style. Besides, they also provided more positive subjective evaluations of the conversations. These findings highlight the potential for alternative pathways to effectively communicate with the autistic community, contribute to a deeper understanding of how high autistic traits influence social communication dynamics among autistic individuals, and provide important insights for the clinical practices for supporting autistic people.",
-        "output": "Enhanced neural synchronization during social communications between dyads with high autistic traits.",
+        "input": "We submitted a joint response to the Competition and Markets Authority's (CMA) consultation on its proposed market investigation into the UK veterinary services market for pets in April, following the initial review, which outlined a number of concerns.",
+        "output": "Ensuring the veterinary view cuts through.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "GLOBAL - Accenture (NYSE:ACN) has solidified its position at the forefront of the IT services sector, with its brand value soaring to $40.5 billion. This growth is attributed to the company's strategic focus on generative AI trends, which has propelled it ahead of its competitors in the industry.Following Accenture,   Tata Consultancy Services   (NS:TCS) has also seen a significant increase in brand valuation, reaching $19.2 billion. TCS has reaped the benefits of its sponsorship of Formula E racing and its partnership with automotive giant Jaguar, which have both enhanced the company's brand visibility and appeal.  Infosys   (NS:INFY), under the leadership of CEO Salil Parekh, has achieved a brand value of $14.2 billion. This milestone is backed by the company's robust five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR), showcasing its consistent performance and strategic growth initiatives. HCL Technologies  (NS:HCLT) (HCLTech) has not been left behind in the race for brand supremacy, with an impressive 16% increase in its valuation, now at $7.6 billion. The company's growth has been partly fueled by its sponsorships with prominent New York sports teams, including the Giants and Jets, which have helped to elevate its brand profile in key markets.The success of these IT giants reflects the sector's dynamic nature and the importance of brand strategy in maintaining a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Accenture leads the IT services sector with a brand value of $40.5 billion, driven by its focus on generative AI, while Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, and HCL Technologies have also seen significant brand value increases due to strategic partnerships and growth initiatives.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article is a history of the idea of neocolonialism from its first use in the 1960s to its more recent deployments in the 2010s. During the decolonization period, the concept of neocolonialism was a powerful ideological and analytical tool in the service of the global anti-colonial movement to denounce the persistence of subordinate relations between the former colonizers and the newly independent countries. The article argues that the decline of the concept was the result of the crisis of the postcolonial state in the 1980s and the parallel rise of the theory and ideology of globalization which was based on opposite theoretical premises. The crisis of the popularity of globalization in the 2010s has made room for a return of critical concepts in the analysis of international politics and, among them, neocolonialism. This new wave of literature on neocolonialism remains fragmented, undertheorized, and, unlike its heyday in the 1960s and 1970s, disconnected from social and political movements. Moreover, Western-based sources have recently started using the concept to describe China's activities in the Global South in a problematic way that seems to attribute solely to Beijing the very neocolonial practices that Western powers are normally denounced for.",
+        "output": "What happened to neocolonialism? The rise and fall of a critical concept",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW DELHI - Shares of the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) witnessed a significant uptick today, following the announcement of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the  Indian Overseas Bank  (NS:IOBK). The collaboration is set to jointly finance renewable energy projects, aligning with India's commitments made at COP26 to ramp up non-fossil fuel-based electricity.The market response to the partnership has been notably positive, with IREDA's stock price increasing by over 4% on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and over 5% on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The shares reached highs of Rs 124.15 on the BSE and Rs 125.60 on the NSE.The strategic alliance between IREDA and the Indian Overseas Bank is intended to bolster India's sustainable energy sector by facilitating the syndication and underwriting of loans for renewable energy projects.Despite the surge in share prices and the promising outlook for renewable energy financing, some financial analysts remain cautious. They point to concerns regarding IREDA's earnings growth. This cautious stance by analysts signals that while the MoU has generated immediate market enthusiasm, there are underlying considerations that investors may need to monitor.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "IREDA's stock price surged over 4% on BSE and 5% on NSE following the announcement of an MoU with Indian Overseas Bank to jointly finance renewable energy projects, aligning with India's COP26 commitments. Despite the positive market response, some analysts remain cautious due to concerns about IREDA's earnings growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.",
+        "output": "Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Mothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged\u226535years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged\u226535years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.RESULTS: Out of 417 participants, most were aged 35-37years (n=206; 49.4%), and had parity\u22655 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n=157, 95%CI: 33.1-42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.95, 95%CI: 1.44-2.65), prolonged labour, lasting>12h (aPR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.48-3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.34-3.9).CONCLUSION: Approximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population.",
-        "output": "Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "This study explores the relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of alexithymia and negative body image. Using the University Student Social Withdrawal Questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Negative Body Image Scale, 2582 college students (33.46% male, average age=19.46 years, SD=2.23) were surveyed. Social withdrawal, alexithymia, negative body image, and problematic social media use were significantly correlated with each other. Social withdrawal positively predicted problematic social media use, and both alexithymia and negative body image played a chain mediating role between social withdrawal and problematic social media use. The findings indicate that individual social withdrawal is associated with college students' problematic use of social media. The results suggest that alexithymia and negative body image may mediate this association, highlighting a potential pathway through which social withdrawal influences social media use patterns.",
+        "output": "The relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use in Chinese college students: a chain mediation of alexithymia and negative body image.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Objective: To investigate sickness benefits following delivery in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mothers without SLE. Method: SLE and non-SLE mothers, matched by age and month of delivery, with a singleton liveborn (2004-2008), were identified from the Swedish Lupus Linkage cohort. Work loss (sum of sick leave and disability pension) was studied from 1 year prenatally to 3 years postpartum. Adjusted logistic regression models of covariates associated with > 30 days of work loss in the first and second years postpartum were estimated in SLE mothers. Results: Among 130 SLE mothers and 440 non-SLE mothers, SLE mothers were more likely to have work loss from the prenatal year (42% vs 16%) to 3 years postpartum (49% vs 15%). In SLE mothers, work loss was on average 61 +/- 112 days (mean +/- sd) in the prenatal year and 38 +/- 83 days in the first year postpartum, which increased to 71 +/- 114 days in the third year postpartum. Having > 30 days of sick leave in the year of delivery [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-12.9] and <= 12 years of education (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0) were associated with work loss in the first year postpartum. No covariates were associated with work loss in the second year postpartum. Conclusion: SLE mothers more often had work loss in the prenatal year to 3 years postpartum compared to non-SLE mothers. Lower education and sick leave in the year of delivery were associated with a higher odds of work loss in the first year postpartum in SLE.",
-        "output": "Sick leave and disability pension following delivery in women with systemic lupus erythematosus",
+        "input": "Emergency medical systems in the world are mainly based on two main models: the Franco-German System (FGS) and the Anglo-American System (AAS). The characteristic feature of the FGS is the Stay and Play principle, while the AAS system is based on the Scoop and Run principle. The Polish model is a mix of those two systems mainly based on the work of paramedics. Their scope of operations and powers have changed over time. As a result of the advocacy undertaken by paramedics in Poland, legislation was drafted and became law in June 2023. The central changes include: the introduction of a paramedic register, the establishment of a professional self-government of paramedics, the expansion of professional competencies such as the ability to declare death, and new opportunities for professional development including speciality training or paid training leave. This article discusses the new law in the context of previous legislative solutions in the field of emergency medicine in Poland and in other European countries.",
+        "output": "New paramedic scope of practice in Poland based on the 2022 reform.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Glutaraldehyde-Didecyldimethylammonium bromides (GDs) has been frequently and widely employed in livestock and poultry breeding farms to avoid epidemics such as African swine fever, but its long-term effect on the active sludge microorganisms of the receiving wastewater treatment plant was keep unclear. Four simulation systems were built here to explore the performance of aerobic activated sludge with the long-term exposure of GDs and its mechanism by analyzing water qualities, resistance genes, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community structure. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr and ammonia nitrogen decreased with the exposure concentration of GDs increasing. It is worth noting that long-term exposure to GDs can induce the horizontal transfer and coordinated expression of a large number of resistance genes, such as qacE, sul1, tetx, and int1, in drug -resistant microorganisms. Additionally, it promotes the secretion of more extracellular proteins, including arginine, forming a barrier -like protection. Therefore, long-term exposure to disinfectants can alter the treatment capacity of activated sludge receiving systems, and the abundance of resistance genes generated through horizontal transfer and coordinated expression by drug -resistant microorganisms does pose a significant threat to ecosystems and health. It is recommended to develop effective pretreatment methods to eliminate disinfectants.",
-        "output": "From resistance genes expression to horizontal migration as well as over secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Sludge microorganism's response to the increasing of long-term disinfectant stress",
+        "input": "Photovoltaic defect detection is an essential aspect of research on building-distributed photovoltaic systems. Existing photovoltaic defect detection models based on deep learning, such as YOLOv5 and YOLOv8, have significantly improved the accuracy of photovoltaic defect detection. However, these models are too large, and their feature extraction ability is insufficient, leading to low detection efficiency and inability to cope with the continuous evolution of defects. Therefore, this study proposes an accurate and lightweight YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once v8) GD algorithm. The algorithm is an improved version of YOLOv8, wherein DW-Conv (DepthWise-Conv) is applied to the YOLOv8 backbone network. Moreover, convolution is replaced with the GSConv (Group-shuffle Conv) and the BiFPN (bidirectional feature pyramid network) structure is added to the architecture. Several electroluminescent photovoltaic defect datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The final experimental results show that the map@0.5 and map@0.5 similar to 0.95 of YOLOv8-GD are 92.8% and 63.1%, respectively, which are 4.2% and 5.7% higher than those of the original algorithm, respectively, and the model volume is reduced by 16.7%. Thus, the proposed algorithm shows considerable potential in the field of photovoltaic defect detection.",
+        "output": "Improved YOLOv8-GD deep learning model for defect detection in electroluminescence images of solar photovoltaic modules",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - The price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil has risen above $74 per barrel today, following a joint military response by the United States and the United Kingdom to attacks on shipping in the Red Sea by Yemen's Houthi insurgents. The airstrikes have escalated tensions in a region critical to global oil supply, leading to increased volatility in the oil markets.This recent surge in oil prices reflects broader market concerns about the stability of oil shipments through key transit points. The conflict in Yemen, which has seen a series of escalations, plays a significant role in these concerns, as it directly impacts one of the world's most important shipping lanes for oil transport.The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, collectively known as OPEC+, have been actively attempting to balance the oil market. Their efforts have been a contributing factor to the expectation among industry experts that oil prices will remain steadfastly above the $70 mark. The current situation in Yemen and the subsequent military actions only serve to reinforce these expectations, as the market reacts to potential disruptions in supply.As the situation continues to unfold, the oil market remains sensitive to geopolitical developments, with traders and analysts closely monitoring the impact of these events on global oil supply and prices.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil has risen above $74 per barrel due to joint military airstrikes by the US and UK in response to attacks on shipping in the Red Sea by Yemen's Houthi insurgents, escalating tensions in a region critical to global oil supply. OPEC+ efforts to balance the oil market and concerns about potential supply disruptions due to the conflict in Yemen are contributing to expectations that oil prices will remain above $70.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Research examining the contraceptive paradox has illuminated how contraception can be a source of empowerment for some and oppression for others. This study advances theorizing of the contraceptive paradox by illustrating how 45 young women experience contraception as both liberating and constraining due to a confluence of biomedicalization processes, gender inequality, and neoliberal feminism. Drawing on focus group data, we find that the biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention and neoliberal feminist discourse, in combination with experiences of social and economic privilege and gender inequality in fertility work, shape participants' interpretation of contraceptive technology as a key resource for individually liberating themselves from undesired pregnancy. At the same time, their experiences indicate prescription contraception plays an oppressive role in their lives. In addition to blaming themselves and their bodies for negative contraceptive side effects, participants take for granted that assuming sole responsibility for contraceptive use in their relationships with men is the price they must pay to feel free. The findings indicate that addressing a social problem using an individualized biomedical solution obscures the power that structural inequalities exert over pregnancy-capable people, including relatively privileged young women. As an expression of biopower, these dynamics prompted participants to emphasize distributive justice over social justice, foreclosing their engagement in collective action.",
+        "output": "The biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention, neoliberal feminism, and college women's experiences of the contraceptive paradox.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Anil Agarwal-promoted Vedanta were up 4 per cent at Rs 232.25 on Tuesday's intra-day trade after the company on Friday after market hours announced its plan to demerge its existing business verticals into six independent 'pure play' companies. This move aims to unlock stakeholder value, attract strategic investment, improve competencies, and ensure transparency. In the past two trading days, the stock rallied 12 per cent.Meanwhile, the stock of Vedanta had hit a 52-week low of Rs 207.85 on Thursday, September 28. Despite a two-day gain, Vedanta has underperformed the market by falling 28 per cent, as compared to 7.6 per cent rise in the S&P BSE Sensex.The proposed plan entails five new listed firms - Vedanta Aluminium, Vedanta Oil & Gas, Vedanta Power, Vedanta Steel and Ferrous Materials, and Vedanta Base Metals - in addition to Vedanta Ltd.The de-merger is planned to be a simple vertical split, for every 1 share of Vedanta, the shareholders will additionally receive 1 share of each of the 5 newly listed companies.The proposed demerger is anticipated to conclude, with separate units being listed, within the next 12-15 months, subject to all the necessary approvals from shareholders, lenders, creditors, and regulatory authorities.The rationale for demerger is to simplify Vedanta's corporate structure with sector focussed independent businesses. The move provides opportunities to global investors, including sovereign wealth funds, retail investors and strategic investors, with direct investment opportunities in dedicated pure-play companies linked to India\u2019s remarkable growth story through Vedanta\u2019s world class assets.The demand for minerals, metals, oil and gas and power is going to grow very rapidly and Vedanta\u2019s businesses are uniquely positioned to service this rising demand and reduce reliance on imports. Vedanta is also foraying into semiconductors and display glass which are of great strategic significance to India, the management said.The demerger into different entities is expected to simplify the corporate structure, enhance risk mitigation framework, ensure autonomy, and improve transparency, according to Motilal Oswal Financial Services (MOFSL).However, the debt positions at both Vedanta and Holding company remain unchanged. Holding company/Vedanta continues to face refinancing/repayment risks, considering a substantial portion of debt maturing by CY25. The developments concerning the company\u2019s debt will be a key monitorable moving forward, the brokerage firm said.Globally, commodity markets are facing multiple headwinds, such as volatile input raw material prices, multi-decade high interest rates in developed economies, muted demand pick-up from China, and a slowdown in the Chinese real estate sector, MOFSL said.",
-        "output": "Vedanta plans to demerge into six independent companies to unlock stakeholder value, attract strategic investment, and improve transparency. The demerger is expected to conclude within 12-15 months, subject to necessary approvals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Continuous tobacco use in patients with cancer is linked to substantial healthcare costs due to increased risks and complications, whereas quitting smoking leads to improved treatment outcomes and cost reductions. Addressing the need for empirical evidence on the economic impact of smoking cessation, this study examined the association between smoking cessation and healthcare cost utilization among a sample of 930 patients with cancer treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's Tobacco Research and Treatment Program (TRTP). Applying conditional quantile regression and propensity scores to address confounding, our findings revealed that abstinence achieved through the TRTP significantly reduced the median cost during a 3-month period post-quitting by $1,095 [beta = -$1,095, P = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (CI), = (-$1,886 to -$304)]. Sensitivity analysis corroborated these conclusions, showing a pronounced cost reduction when outlier data were excluded. The long-term accrued cost savings from smoking cessation could potentially offset the cost of participation in the TRTP program, underscoring its cost effectiveness. An important implication of this study is that by reducing smoking rates, healthcare systems can more efficiently allocate resources, enhance patient health outcomes, and lessen the overall cancer burden.PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study emphasizes the dual impact of smoking cessation programs in patients with cancer: quitting smoking and reducing healthcare costs. It highlights the importance of integrating cessation programs into cancer prevention strategies, ensuring both individual health benefits and broader, system-wide economic efficiencies. See related Spotlight, p. 197.",
+        "output": "Examining the Association between Abstinence from Smoking and Healthcare Costs among Patients with Cancer.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The CO2 emission control targets (CET) allocation faces the unavoidable issues of energy equity and carbon sink equity, which are complicated by changing regional characteristics. By combining regional characteristics assessment, energy consumption status in the 1 + N policy, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling, two schemes for China's net CET allocation in 2020-2030 are implied to reveal the impacts of regional carbon sinks and renewable energy endowments differences on the allocation. The results indicate that: firstly, significant regional differences are inevitably intrinsic within China's renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks to substantially affect the equity of carbon emission allocation in 2020-2030; secondly Provinces with high fossil energy reliance, such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia, are generally facing continuous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions during the 14th FYP and 15th FYP; thirdly, as a regional ecological advantage, carbon sinks are an essential source of additional carbon budgets for provinces, as in Sichuan and Yunnan. As a dominating impact factor of carbon sinks on CET allocation, terrestrial carbon sinks are much higher than ocean carbon sinks with clear provincial attribution; fourthly, in our allocation scheme, the exploitation of renewable energy endowments directly affects the provincial carbon budget and can promote low carbon energy supply; finally, the foundation to build the CET allocation mechanism, China's carbon market needs to be improved. This study helps policymakers understand and balance the equity issues in CET allocation due to regional differences in renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks.",
-        "output": "Allocation of CO2 emission target in China under the 1+N policy: Considering natural carbon sinks and wind-solar-hydropower endowments",
+        "input": "A new archaeological research project analyses the history of Isla del Fraile (aguilas, Spain), a small island off the coast occupied since at least Roman times. Its isolation means that the sea has always conditioned its connectivity and relationship with land. Despite some underwater studies carried out in previous decades, its underwater surroundings, El Hornillo Bay, continue to be relatively unexplored. In parallel to the excavation work on the island's surface, an underwater survey was carried out in the area, which is known for its archaeological wealth. The objectives of this paper are to study the underwater contexts associated with the archaeological site, to determine whether there were any ports or anchorages and to analyse the phases of greatest activity in the bay between Antiquity and the Modern Age. New data are provided, and earlier finds, either previously unpublished or from private donations, are also reviewed. The findings are discussed and related to their local and interregional contexts. The main purpose is to offer a new contribution to the study of the maritime cultural landscape of the Western Mediterranean through a region underrepresented by research.",
+        "output": "Isla del Fraile. Reconstructing Coastal Dynamics in Southeastern Spain Through Underwater Archaeological Survey",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Responsive Industries hit a fresh record high of Rs 307 as they surged 20 per cent on the BSE in Thursday's intra-day trade after the company bagged contract from the Indian Railways for the 'Garib Rath' initiative.While the value of the contract was not disclosed, Responsive Industries said bagging two of the nation's most prestigious rail projects -- Garid Rath and Vande Bharat -- underscores the company's unparalleled expertise and commitment to quality.\"Each association resonates with the company's vision of marrying innovation with the broader ambitions of India's Rail connectivity,\" it said in an exchange filing on Wednesday.At 1:30 PM, the shares were ruling about 18 per cent higher at Rs 301 as against 0.13 per cent gain in the benchmark S&P BSE Sensex at 65,965.74 levels. A combined 4.1 million shares have thus far changed hands on the NSE and BSE.Over the past three months, shares of the company, engaged in manufacturing of specialised vinyl flooring, SPC, LVT, synthetic leather, and waterproofing membranes, have surged nearly 50 per cent as against 4.3 per cent gain in the benchmark Sensex index. Thus far in this calendar year, the stock has sprinted 118 per cent as against 8 per cent gain in the benchmark.India is currently witnessing an unprecedented phase of urbanization, with a significant number of people moving from rural to urban areas. Furthermore, the rapid economic growth has resulted in a considerable rise in disposable income, particularly among the middle-class population, which led to an increased demand for improved living standards and housing facilities.That apart, the significant growth in the construction industry is resulting in a heightened demand for durable, stylish, and cost-effective flooring solutions, such as vinyl flooring. The vinyl flooring market in India is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 6.7 per cent during 2023-2028. The rising development of modern housing facilities, along with the introduction of vinyl flooring with high aesthetic value and sharper textures, is currently driving the India vinyl flooring market.With the company's increased capacity utilisation, strong product development, market efforts, the management is optimistic about its growth in the coming years.In the April-June quarter (Q1-FY24), Responsive Industries reported a net profit of Rs 5.91 crore, up from Rs 1.79 crore in the previous year quarter (Q1-FY23) and Rs 2.72 crore in the last quarter of the previous fiscal (Q4-FY23).It's revenue from operations jumped to Rs 166.77 crore from Rs 153.57 crore YoY and Rs 141.16 crore QoQ.",
-        "output": "Responsive Industries' shares surged 20% to a record high of Rs 307 after securing a contract from Indian Railways for the 'Garib Rath' initiative, underscoring the company's expertise and commitment to quality. The company's shares have surged nearly 50% in the past three months, driven by increased demand for vinyl flooring solutions amid India's urbanization and economic growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In the Arctic, winter soil temperatures exert strong control over mean annual soil temperature and winter CO2 emissions. In tundra ecosystems there is evidence that plant canopy influences on snow accumulation alter winter soil temperatures. By comparison, there has been relatively little research examining the impacts of heterogeneity in boreal forest cover on soil temperatures. Using seven years of data from six sites in northeastern Siberia that vary in stem density we show that snow-depth and forest canopy cover exert equally strong control on cumulative soil freezing degrees days (FDDsoil). Together snow depth and canopy cover explain approximately 75% of the variance in linear models of FDDsoil and freezing n-factors (n f; calculated as the quotient of FDDsoil and FDDair), across sites and years. Including variables related to air temperature, or antecedent soil temperatures does not substantially improve models. The observed increase in FDDsoil with canopy cover suggests that canopy interception of snow or thermal conduction through trees may be important for winter soil temperature dynamics in forested ecosystems underlain by continuous permafrost. Our results imply that changes in Siberian larch forest cover that arise from climate warming or fire regime changes may have important impacts on winter soil temperature dynamics.",
+        "output": "Winter soil temperature varies with canopy cover in Siberian larch forests",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify the fundamental and geographic characteristics of the primary healthcare personnel mobility in Nanning from 2000 to 2021 and clarify the determinants that affect their transition to non-primary healthcare institutions.METHODS: Through utilizing the Primary Healthcare Personnel Database (PHPD) for 2000-2021, the study conducts descriptive statistical analysis on demographic, economic, and professional aspects of healthcare personnel mobility across healthcare reform phases. Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) were used to map mobility patterns, and R software was employed to calculate spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I). Logistic regression identified factors that influenced the transition to non-primary institutions.RESULTS: Primary healthcare personnel mobility is divided into four phases: initial (2000-2008), turning point (2009-2011), rapid development (2012-2020), and decline (2021). The rapid development stage saw increased mobility with no spatial clustering in inflow and outflow. From 2016 to 2020, primary healthcare worker mobility reached its peak, in which the most significant movement occurred between township health centers and other institutions. Aside from their transition to primary medical institutions, the primary movement of grassroots health personnel predominantly directs towards secondary general hospitals, tertiary general hospitals, and secondary specialized hospitals. Since 2012, the number and mobility distance of primary healthcare workers have become noticeably larger and remained at a higher level from 2016 to 2020. The main migration of primary healthcare personnel occurred in their districts (counties). Key transition factors include gender, education, ethnicity, professional category, general practice registration, and administrative division.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the features of primary healthcare personnel mobility in the less developed western regions of China, in which Nanning was taken as a case study. It uncovers the factors that impact the flow of primary healthcare personnel to non-primary healthcare institutions. These findings are helpful to policy refinement and support the retention of primary healthcare workers.",
-        "output": "Trends in the mobility of primary healthcare human resources in underdeveloped regions of western China from 2000 to 2021: Evidence from Nanning.",
+        "input": "This paper theorizes and defends a process I term hermeneutical bastardization. This concept tracks the way in which some hermeneutical injustices arise not from a gap in a shared pool of hermeneutical resources, but from the decontextualization of an advantageous hermeneutical resource into another (typically dominant) hermeneutical domain. This decontextualization bastardizes hermeneutical resources by severing the concept from its original meaning and significance. I focus on the term trans woman and examine the way in which dominant epistemic agents rewrite and redefine the concept according to prominent and prevalent pernicious representations. Specifically, once decontextualized, the term trans woman denotes an individual who is thoroughly erotic and sexual in nature. Hermeneutical bastardization can illuminate how hermeneutically marginalized groups are reconstructed by other dominant epistemic agents according to these pernicious representations and can be silenced whilst their concepts, or rather their terms, are being utilized in sets of dominant hermeneutical resources in ways that severely diverge from their original intra-communal conceptualization. This type of hermeneutical injustice does not arise from a lacuna in our set of resources, but instead depends on the uptake of a concept's term and its subsequent decontextualization.",
+        "output": "Concepts and Contexts: Towards a Theory of Hermeneutical Bastardization",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO -   Alamos Gold Inc  . (TSX:NYSE:AGI; NYSE:AGI) has announced a definitive agreement to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of Orford Mining Corporation (TSXV:ORM), a move that will expand its portfolio with several prospective projects in Quebec, including the Qiqavik Gold Project.Under the terms of the arrangement, Orford shareholders will receive 0.005588 of an Alamos common share for each Orford share, equivalent to C$0.10 per Orford share based on Alamos's recent trading price. Alamos currently holds approximately 27.5% of Orford\u2019s basic common shares outstanding and, excluding this existing ownership, will issue around 0.9 million shares for a total consideration of C$16M.John A. McCluskey, President and CEO of Alamos, expressed that the acquisition aligns with the company's strategy to build a pipeline of high-quality, long-term projects in favorable mining jurisdictions. He highlighted the Qiqavik Gold Project as an attractive early-stage gold project with excellent long-term potential in an underexplored district.The Qiqavik Gold Project covers 438 square kilometers in the Cape Smith Belt, Nunavik, Quebec, and is marked by the Qiqavik Break, a major structure controlling gold mineralization. Exploration since 2016 has identified over 40 targets, including high-grade boulder and gold grain-in-till trends, and outcrop gold showings.Alamos will also acquire interests in the West Raglan, Joutel Properties, and Nunavik Lithium projects, with Wyloo Metals Pty. Ltd. having the option to earn up to 80% of the West Raglan Project for expenditures of C$25M over seven years. The Joutel Eagle Property, adjacent to the past-producing Eagle-Telbel mine, has shown multiple gold zones through drilling.The acquisition is expected to consolidate Alamos's ownership of Orford, resulting in Alamos owning all of Orford\u2019s common shares post-transaction. The news release serves as an early warning report under applicable securities laws, with further details available on the SEDAR+ profile of Orford.Alamos is a Canadian-based intermediate gold producer with diversified production from three operating mines in North America and a portfolio of growth projects. The company is committed to sustainable development standards and trades on the TSX and NYSE under the symbol AGI.This article is based on a press release statement from Alamos Gold Inc.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Alamos Gold Inc. will acquire Orford Mining Corporation for C$16M, adding the Qiqavik Gold Project and other prospective projects in Quebec to its portfolio, aligning with its strategy to build a pipeline of high-quality, long-term projects in favorable mining jurisdictions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Journal Voices in the Civil Rights Era During the social tumult of the 1960s and 1970s, the Journal opened its pages to advocates of reform in the profession and society at large, but it did not completely break with its troubled racial past.",
+        "output": "Journal Voices in the Civil Rights Era - New Horizons and Limits in Medical Publishing",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEWARK, Calif. - Lucid Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:LCID), known for its luxury electric vehicle, the Lucid Air, announced its production and delivery statistics for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2023. The company reported producing 2,391 vehicles and delivering 1,734 units during this period.For the entire year of 2023, Lucid produced a total of 8,428 vehicles and delivered 6,001 to customers.This article is based on a press release statement from Lucid Group.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Lucid Group produced 2,391 and delivered 1,734 Lucid Air vehicles in Q4 2023, bringing the annual production and delivery totals to 8,428 and 6,001 units, respectively.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In the UK, the medical profession is socially exclusive and socially stratified as doctors from more advantaged backgrounds are more likely to train for specialities with more competitive entry. However, in research to date the causes and consequences of social stratification have been overlooked. We explore this subject here, drawing on a qualitative study comprising in-depth interviews with 30 medical students and doctors from less advantaged socio-economic backgrounds negotiating medical school and early careers. Using Bourdieu's 'theory of practice' we show how socialisation in the family and at school influences how aspirant medics from less advantaged backgrounds view the world, suggesting some inclination towards more community orientated careers, which may be less competitive. However, these tendencies are encouraged as they lack stocks of social, economic and cultural capital, which are convertible to power and position in the field. While allowing for both choice and constraint our core argument is that speciality outcomes are sometimes inequitable and potentially inefficient, as doctors from more advantaged backgrounds have privileged access to more competitive careers for reasons not solely related to ability or skill. Our main theoretical contribution is to literature in the sociology of medical education where ours is the first study to open-up the 'black box' of causal factors connecting medical students' resources on entering the field of education and training with speciality outcomes, though our findings also have important implications for practitioners, the profession and for patients. We discuss the implications for safe and effective healthcare and how this informs directions for future research.",
+        "output": "When the Penny Drops: Understanding how social class influences speciality careers in the UK medical profession.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - The USD/CAD currency pair has seen an upswing near the 1.3500 mark as investors grow cautious due to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. The Canadian dollar is under pressure following a decline in West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices to $72.10 per barrel, which often correlate with the commodity-linked currency's performance.The US dollar is drawing strength from its safe-haven appeal amid a broader market hesitancy, with bond yields on the rise. Investors appear reluctant to anticipate Federal Reserve interest rate cuts, preferring the security of the US dollar as the Middle East conflict unfolds.Adding to the mix, recent Canadian inflation data revealed an uptick to 3.4%. This increase has led to volatile trading of the Canadian dollar as market participants assess potential impacts on the country's economic policy. The higher inflation figures could influence the Bank of Canada's monetary policy decisions, as they may need to balance economic growth concerns with the need to manage inflationary pressures.Investors are closely monitoring these developments, which have contributed to the USD/CAD pair's gains today, reflecting a complex interplay of geopolitical risk, commodity prices, and monetary policy expectations.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The USD/CAD pair rose near 1.3500 due to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, a decline in WTI crude oil prices, and a rise in Canadian inflation to 3.4%. The US dollar's safe-haven appeal and investors' reluctance to anticipate Federal Reserve interest rate cuts also contributed to the gains.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this letter, an enhanced entropy loading discrete multi-tone (EEL-DMT) scheme is proposed for the flexible-rate passive optical network (PON). To achieve a wide range of rate adjustment with fine granularity and performance improvements, probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS)-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) are combined in this scheme, and the modulation format of each subcarrier is determined by the allocated entropy. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed scheme, an O-band DMT system is experimentally demonstrated over 20-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission using 10G-class directly modulated laser (DML). The experimental results show that the flexible-rate PON based on the EEL-DMT can achieve a wide-range rate adjustment from 12.5 Gb/s to 87.5 Gb/s under the optical power budget from 38 dB to 26 dB, and up to 2-dB receiver sensitivity gain is obtained compared with the adaptive bit and power loading (ABPL)-DMT.",
+        "output": "Flexible-Rate PON Based on Entropy-Loading DMT With Wide-Range Adjustment From 12.5 to 87.5 Gbps",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This historical note describes the book Primer in critical personalism: A framework for reviving psychological inquiry and for grounding a socio-cultural ethos by James T. Lamiell. The overriding purpose of this book is to introduce psychologists, other social scientists, and thoughtful laypersons to that comprehensive system of thought developed by the German philosopher and psychologist William Stern (1871-1938) under the name critical personalism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
-        "output": "Society for the History of Psychology news and notes.",
+        "input": "The mangrove forest in Macajalar Bay is regarded as an important coastal ecosystem since it provides numerous ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the clearing of mangroves has been rampant and has reached critical rates. Addressing this problem and further advancing its conservation require accurate mangrove mapping. However, current spatial information related to mangroves is sparse and insufficient to understand the historical change dynamics. In this study, the synergy of 1950 vegetation maps and Landsat images was explored to provide multidecadal monitoring of mangrove forest change dynamics in Macajalar Bay, Philippines. Vegetation maps containing the 1950 mangrove extent and Landsat images were used as input data to monitor the rates of loss over 70years. In 2020, the mangrove forest cover was estimated to be 201.73ha, equivalent to only 61.99% of the 325.43ha that was estimated in 1950. Between 1950 and 2020, net mangrove loss in Macajalar Bay totaled 324.29ha. The highest clearing rates occurred between 1950 and 1990 when it recorded a total of 258.51ha, averaging 6.46ha/year. The original mangrove forest that existed in 1950 only represents 8.56% of the 2020 extent, suggesting that much of the old-growth mangrove had been cleared before 2000 and the existing mangrove forest is mainly composed of secondary mangrove forest stands. Across Macajalar Bay, intensified clearing that happened between 1950 and 1990 has been driven by large-scale aquaculture developments. Mangrove gains on the other hand were evident and have increased the total extent by 79.84ha since 2000 as a result of several afforestation programs. However, approximately half of these gains that were observed since 2010 exhibited low canopy cover. As of writing, approximately 85% of the 2020 mangrove forest stands fall outside the 1950 original mangrove extent. Examining the viability of the original mangrove forest for mangrove reforestation together with promoting site-species matching, and biophysical assessment are necessary undertakings to advance current mangrove conservation initiatives in Macajalar Bay.",
+        "output": "Multidecadal mangrove forest change in Macajalar Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines (1950-2020) using remote sensing and geographic information systems.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Datadog, Inc. (NASDAQ:DDOG) was initiated with an Outperform rating and a $140 per share price target at BMO Capital on Tuesday, with analysts noting the company's cloud and consolidation tailwinds. The firm is positive on the underlying fundamentals of the observability sector and believes Datadog and Dynatrace will consolidate spend as the category expands.\"We think Datadog's core 2026 TAM is approximately $24 billion, and including large adjacent opportunities expands the TAM to approximately $58 billion,\" the analysts explained.\"Moreover, we believe the dynamics of the cloud market have meaningfully improved in the past few quarters, which should help with Datadog\u2019s revenue growth in CY24 and beyond,\" they added.Given the current valuation, BMO placed Datadog in its Tier 3 of Outperform-rated stocks. However, they noted that for the stock to work, they feel CY24 consensus estimates will have to move higher throughout the year.",
-        "output": "BMO Capital initiated coverage of Datadog with an Outperform rating and a $140 price target, citing the company's cloud and consolidation tailwinds in the observability sector, with a TAM of $24 billion and an expanded TAM of $58 billion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Despite the devastating toll of the overdose crisis in the United States, many addiction treatment programs do not offer medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Several states have incorporated MOUD requirements into their standards for treatment program licensure. This study examined policy officials' and treatment providers' perspectives on the implementation of these policies. During 2020-22, we conducted thirty-one semistructured interviews with forty policy officials and treatment providers in nine states identified through a legal analysis. Of these states, three states required treatment organizations to offer MOUD, and two prohibited organizations from denying admission to people receiving MOUD. Qualitative findings revealed that licensure policies were part of a broader effort to transition the specialty treatment system to a model of care more consistent with medical evidence; states perceived tension between raising quality standards and maintaining adequate treatment capacity; aligning other state policies with MOUD access goals facilitated implementation of the licensure requirement; and measuring compliance was challenging. Licensure may offer states an opportunity to take a more active role in ensuring access to effective treatment.",
+        "output": "Licensure Policies May Help States Ensure Access To Opioid Use Disorder Medication In Specialty Addiction Treatment.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The promotion of the latest medicines produced by the pharmaceutical industry is an important issue both from an ethical point of view (the level of accessibility, the way research is carried out) and from the point of view of marketing and especially from the lobbying issues raised.AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: The ethical dilemmas raised by the promotion of new drugs revolve between the need to discover new molecules important for treating a wide range of diseases and the need to establish a battery of ethical rules, absolutely necessary for regulations in the field to be compliant with all ethical principles.DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-2023) using combinations of keywords, including drugs, medical publicity, and pharma marketing plus ethical dilemma.ETHICS AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: The promotion of medicines is governed by advertising laws and regulations in many countries, including at EU level, based on the need for countries to ensure that the promotion and advertising of medicines is truthful, based on information understood by consumers. The ethical analysis of the issues raised is more necessary and complex as the channels used for promotion are more accessible to the population, and the information, easier to obtain, can be the cause of increased self-medication and overeating. Large amounts of money invested in the development of new molecules, but also the risk of scientific fraud through manipulation of data during clinical trials, selective or biased publication of information can have repercussions on the health of the population.CONCLUSIONS: The development of new pharmaceutical molecules is necessary to intervene and treat as many conditions as possible, but marketing must not neglect the observance of ethical principles. The promotion of medicines should be the attribute especially of the medical staff, which should also be a mandatory part of the mechanism for approving the marketing methods and means used by the pharmaceutical companies.",
-        "output": "Drug Promotions Between Ethics, Regulations, and Financial Interests.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
+        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Indian blue-chip stocks ended with small gains on Monday as investors booked profits late in the session after the benchmarks extended their record rally into the first day of 2024.The blue-chip NSE Nifty 50 settled 0.05% higher at 21,741.90 points, while the S&P BSE Sensex added 0.04% to 72,271.94.Both indexes had risen about 0.5% each to record highs in the afternoon session, before surrendering gains in the closing minutes.\"Profit booking was visible at higher levels as lingering concerns over Red Sea disruptions pose short-term risks to global supply chains and freight costs,\" said Vinod Nair, Head of Research at Geojit Financial Services.The Nifty and Sensex scaled fresh highs for most of the sessions in December, aided by better-than-expected economic growth, the return of foreign investors and growing expectations of a U.S. interest rate cut as soon as March.Nine of the 13 major sectors logged gains on the day.The IT index rose 0.51%, with HCLTech and Tech Mahindra the major drivers.The heavy-weight bank index and financials dropped 0.1%, each. They have fallen for two sessions in a row, from record-high levels, and analysts expected them to trade in a narrow range.The drop in financials, analysts said, could be temporary as valuations are still reasonable compared to other sectors despite the recent rally.Auto stocks, however, weighed, with Eicher Motors, Bajaj Auto falling between 1.4% and 2.6%. While they reported higher monthly auto sales, a tax penalty notice weighed on the stocks.(Reporting by Bharath Rajeswaran and Manvi Pant in Bengaluru; Editing by Savio D'Souza)",
-        "output": "Indian blue-chip stocks ended with small gains on Monday, with the Nifty 50 settling 0.05% higher at 21,741.90 points and the Sensex adding 0.04% to 72,271.94, as investors booked profits after the benchmarks extended their record rally into the first day of 2024. Profit booking was visible at higher levels due to concerns over Red Sea disruptions posing short-term risks to global supply chains and freight costs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The relation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to lifestyle behaviors and factors linked with cardiovascular health remains unclear. We aimed to understand how the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score (and its changes over time) relate to CRF and complementary exercise measures in community-dwelling adults.METHODS AND RESULTS: Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants underwent maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for direct quantification of peak oxygen uptake (VO2). A 100-point LE8 score was constructed as the average across 8 factors: diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. We related total LE8 score, score components, and change in LE8 score over 8years with peak VO2 (log-transformed) and complementary CRF measures. In age- and sex-adjusted linear models (N=1838, age 54\u00b19years, 54% women, LE8 score 76\u00b112), a higher LE8 score was associated favorably with peak VO2, ventilatory efficiency, resting heart rate, and blood pressure response to exercise (all P<0.0001). A clinically meaningful 5-point higher LE8 score was associated with a 6.0% greater peak VO2 (1.4 mL/kg per minute at sample mean). All LE8 components were significantly associated with peak VO2 in models adjusted for age and sex, but blood lipids, diet, and sleep health were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for all LE8 components. Over an 8-year interval, a 5-unit increase in LE8 score was associated with a 3.7% higher peak VO2 (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Higher LE8 score and improvement in LE8 over time was associated with greater CRF, highlighting the importance of the LE8 factors in maintaining CRF.",
+        "output": "Life's Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Community.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Many Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan struggle with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the effects of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Some people with a history of TBI report a constellation of somatic, cognitive, and emotional complaints that are often referred to as postconcussive symptoms (PCS). Research suggests these symptoms may not be specific to TBI. This study examined the impact of PTSD treatment on PCS in combat Veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. As part of a larger randomized control trial, 198 Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation New Dawn (OIF/OEF/OND) Veterans with PTSD received Prolonged Exposure Therapy, sertraline, or the combination. Potential deployment related TBI, PCS, PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed throughout treatment. Linear mixed models were used to predict PCS change over time across the full sample and treatment arms, and the association of change in PTSD and depression symptoms on PCS was also examined. Patterns of change for the full sample and the subsample of those who reported a head injury were examined. Results showed that PCS decreased with treatment. There were no significant differences across treatments. No significant differences were found in the pattern of symptom change based on TBI screening status. Shifts in PCS were predicted by change PTSD and depression. Results suggest that PCS reduced with PTSD treatment in this population and are related to shift in depression and PTSD severity, further supporting that reported PCS symptoms may be better understood as non-specific symptoms.",
-        "output": "Impact of PTSD treatment on postconcussive symptoms in veterans: A comparison of sertraline, prolonged exposure, and their combination.",
+        "input": "Depression is a serious psychiatric illness that causes great inconvenience to the lives of elderly individuals. However, the diagnosis of depression is somewhat subjective. Nontargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the plasma metabolic profile and identify objective markers for depression and metabolic pathway variation. We recruited 379 Chinese community-dwelling individuals aged\u226565. Plasma samples were collected and detected by GC/LC\u2012MS. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and a heatmap were utilized to distinguish the metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these differential metabolites. Additionally, metabolic pathway enrichment was performed to reveal metabolic pathway variation. According to our standard, 49 people were included in the depression cohort (DC), and 49 people age- and sex-matched individuals were included in the non-depression cohort (NDC). 64 metabolites identified via GC\u2012MS and 73 metabolites identified via LC\u2012MS had significant contributions to the differentiation between the DC and NDC, with VIP values>1 and p values<0.05. Three substances were detected by both methods: hypoxanthine, phytosphingosine, and xanthine. Furthermore, 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol had the largest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC=0.842). The purine metabolic pathway is the most important change in metabolic pathways. These findings show that there were differences in plasma metabolites between the depression cohort and the non-depression cohort. These identified differential metabolites may be markers of depression and can be used to study the changes in depression metabolic pathways.",
+        "output": "Study on plasma metabolomics profiling of depression in Chinese community-dwelling older adults based on untargeted LC/GC\u2012MS.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Mental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21-35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.",
-        "output": "Psychological implications of unemployment among higher educated migrant youth in Kolkata City, India.",
+        "input": "Importance Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) compose a competency-based education (CBE) assessment framework that has been increasingly adopted across medical specialties as a workplace-based assessment tool. EPAs focus on directly observed behaviors to determine the level of entrustment a trainee has for a given activity of that specialty. In this narrative review, we highlight the rationale for EPAs in general surgery, describe current evidence supporting their use, and outline some of the practical considerations for EPAs among residency programs, faculty, and trainees. Observations An expanding evidence base for EPAs in general surgery has provided moderate validity evidence for their use as well as practical recommendations for implementation across residency programs. Challenges to EPA use include garnering buy-in from individual faculty and residents to complete EPA microassessments and engage in timely, specific feedback after a case or clinical encounter. When successfully integrated into a program's workflow, EPAs can provide a more accurate picture of residents' competence for a fundamental surgical task or activity compared with other assessment methods. Conclusions and Relevance EPAs represent the next significant shift in the evaluation of general surgery residents as part of the overarching progression toward CBE among all US residency programs. While pragmatic challenges to the implementation of EPAs remain, the best practices from EPA and other CBE assessment literature summarized in this review may assist individuals and programs in implementing EPAs. As EPAs become more widely used in general surgery resident training, further analysis of barriers and facilitators to successful and sustainable EPA implementation will be needed to continue to optimize and advance this new assessment framework.",
+        "output": "Entrustable Professional Activities in Surgery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com --\u00a0Madrid-listed shares in   Grifols   (BME:GRLS) fell sharply on Tuesday after U.K.-based short-seller Gotham City Research issued a report questioning the validity of the Spanish healthcare firm's financial figures.In a report, Gotham City argued that Grifols \"manipulates\" its reported debt and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) to \"artificially reduce\" its reported leverage. The group's leverage of 6 times EBITDA, Gotham City claimed, should be closer to 10 times to 13 times.\"Should our estimate of the Grifols\u2019 true leverage be correct, [Grifols] will face notably higher financing costs,\" Gotham City said. \"Consequently, we believe shares are uninvestable, likely zero.\"The allegations stem from the sale of two businesses -- BPC Plasma and Haema -- to Scranton Enterprises, a family vehicle. According to Gotham City, both Grifols and Scranton fully consolidate BPC and Haema onto their financial statements, a practice that they called \"materially deceptive and incorrect.\"Grifols shares shed nearly $3.83 billion of their market value at one point in the wake of the fraud allegations.Nasdaq-listed Grifols, which produces blood plasma-based medicines, told Spain's market regulator CNMV that the Gotham City report amounted to \"false information and speculation.\"\"As a company committed to transparency, integrity, and ethical conduct, we categorically deny and reject any allegations of wrongful accounting or reporting practices of our consolidated financial statements,\" Grifols said.On its website, Gotham City describes itself as a group that \"focuses on due diligence-based investing,\" adding that it may have long or short equity positions in the companies it covers.Founded in Barcelona in 1909, Grifols has grown into an international business with operations in over 30 countries and more than 24,000 employees.",
-        "output": "Grifols shares plunged after Gotham City Research alleged the company manipulated its financial figures, including debt and EBITDA, to reduce its reported leverage. Grifols denied the allegations, stating that they are \"false information and speculation.\"",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity represent critical modifiable determinants in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the long-term impact of prior overweight/obesity on the risk of CMD in later life remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between longitudinal transition of body mass index (BMI) status and incident CMD.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 57493 CMD-free Chinese adults from the Kailuan Study. BMI change patterns were categorized according to the BMI measurements obtained during the 2006 and 2012 surveys. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of transitions in BMI with overall CMD events and subtypes, with covariates selected on the basis of the directed acyclic graph. During a median follow-up of 7.62years, 8412 participants developed CMD. After considering potential confounders, weight gain pattern (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23-1.46]), stable overweight/obesity (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.00-2.24]), and past overweight/obesity (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.59-1.89]) were associated with the incidence of CMD. Similar results were observed in cardiometabolic multimorbidity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure explained 8.05% (95% CI, 5.87-10.22) and 12.10% (95% CI, 9.19-15.02) of the association between past overweight/obesity and incident CMD, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: A history of overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of CMD, even in the absence of current BMI abnormalities. These findings emphasize the necessity for future public health guidelines to include preventive interventions for CMD in individuals with past overweight/obesity.",
+        "output": "Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Ideal Weight Adults With History of Overweight/Obesity in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) on Monday said that FASTags with incomplete KYC will be deactivated or blacklisted by banks after January 31, as part of its move to enhance efficiency of the electronic toll collection system and provide seamless movement at the toll plazas.The NHAI has taken this initiative after the recent reports of multiple FASTags being issued for a particular vehicle and FASTags being issued without KYC in violation of the Reserve Bank of India\u2019s (RBI) mandate.The NHAI directive has been issued under the \u2018One Vehicle, One FASTag\u2019 that aims to discourage user behaviour of using single FASTag for multiple vehicles or linking multiple FASTags to a particular vehicle.To avoid inconvenience, users must ensure that KYC of their latest FASTag is completed. Only the latest FASTag account shall remain active, the NHAI statement said.For further assistance or queries, FASTag users can reach out to nearest toll plazas or toll-free customer care number of their respective issuer banks.The statement also pointed out that FASTags are sometimes deliberately not fixed on the windscreen of the vehicle, resulting in unnecessary delays at the toll plazas and causing inconvenience.--IANSpannu/ksk",
-        "output": "NHAI will deactivate FASTags with incomplete KYC after January 31 to enhance efficiency and prevent multiple FASTags for a single vehicle.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The landmark 1988 Institute of Medicine report The Future of Public Health served the public health community well by pointing to what needed to be done, fostering a sense of urgency, and offering concrete directions to be pursued. In this article, the impact of the 1988 report, and of the subsequent 2003 report on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is considered by tracing the course of the ideas that influenced the consciousness of the public health community and subsequently catalyzed concrete action. Among these ideas was that public health is in disarray. This assessment led to an awareness that something needed to be done. Further, by stating that the public health enterprise had 3 core functions (assessment, policy development, and assurance), the 1988 report set in motion policy development to address the disarray. At a more fundamental level, both reports championed the need for governmental public health (particularly at the CDC) to take action to strengthen the capacity of local and state public health agencies to address a growing range of public health threats and emergencies. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):489-494. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307598).",
+        "output": "The Influence of the 1988 and 2003 IOM Future of Public Health Reports on the CDC.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe disasters through their strong surface winds. During the entire lifespan of an EEC, there is a maximum value of its surface wind (i.e. the maximum surface wind; MSW), which processes the greatest destructive power. After nearly a century of research on the EECs, key features about their MSWs still remain vague. In this study, we systematically investigate the EECs' MSWs over the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is found that, the average intensity of EECs' MSWs shows a significant increasing trend of similar to 0.3 m s-1 per 10a. More importantly, for the last 20 years, even larger increasing rates of 1.5 m s-1 and 3.5 m s-1 per 10a are found in the average and maximum intensities of the EECs' MSWs, respectively, implying the EECs' risks increase notably for the NAST. We further clarify the physical mechanisms governing the production of EECs' MSWs, and then establish a mechanism-based statistical model, which has the potential to predict the MSWs' annual average intensity. In summary, our study fills a knowledge gap for the EECs' MSWs, which would have broad implication of the economics and society.",
-        "output": "Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: In middle-income countries, poor physician-patient communication remains a recognized barrier to enhancing healthcare quality and patient satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of provider-patient communication skills on healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in the rural primary healthcare setting in China.METHODS: Data were collected from 504 interactions across 348 rural primary healthcare facilities spanning 21 counties in three provinces. Using the Standardized Patient method, this study measured physician-patient communication behaviors, healthcare quality, and patient satisfaction. Communication skills were assessed using the SEGUE questionnaire framework. Multivariate linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models, accounting for fixed effects, were employed to evaluate the impact of physicians' communication skills on healthcare quality and patient satisfaction.RESULTS: The findings indicated generally low provider-patient communication skills, with an average total score of 12.2\u00b12.8 (out of 24). Multivariate regression models, which accounted for physicians' knowledge and other factors, demonstrated positive associations between physicians' communication skills and healthcare quality, as well as patient satisfaction (P<0.05). Heterogeneity analysis revealed stronger correlations among primary physicians with lower levels of clinical knowledge or more frequent training.CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of prioritizing provider-patient communication skills to enhance healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in rural Chinese primary care settings. It recommends that the Chinese government prioritize the enhancement of provider-patient communication skills to improve healthcare quality and patient satisfaction.",
+        "output": "The impact of provider-patient communication skills on primary healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in rural China: insights from a standardized patient study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stratigraphic data form the backbone of archaeological records from excavated sites and are essential for the integrated analysis and wider interpretation of artefacts and sites. Accessible archiving of this data is therefore vital for understanding and revisiting such interpretations. Here, the authors highlight the need for more consistent digital records of stratigraphic and associated temporal relationships derived during post-excavation analysis phasing activities. They argue for the distillation of best practice in post-excavation procedures and the application of consistent and persistent terminology to make this fundamental archaeological data sustainably FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) and 'Open' across present-day geopolitical and spatiotemporal boundaries.",
-        "output": "Resurrecting, reinterpreting and reusing stratigraphy: an afterlife for archaeological data",
+        "input": "Paleoethnobotanical remains from basketry and cordage from the Paisley Caves offer an opportunity to explore how people engaged with plant communities over time. Fiber identification of textiles, together with radiocarbon dating, contributes new information about landscape use within the Summer Lake Basin. Expanded marshlands during the terminal Pleistocene / Early Holocene created suitable plant communities ideal for fiber technology, specifically wetland monocots and herbaceous dicots-including dogbane and stinging nettle-by 11,000 years ago. This technology is key to subsistence activities and craft production throughout the Holocene. Despite climatic events during the Middle Holocene, in which people transitioned from caves to sites centered on lakeshores and wetlands, the suite of fiber plants and their technological application remains constant. During the Late Holocene, bast fiber material diversified with the addition of flax and milkweed. The presence of flax in particular, a high-elevation plant, may reflect the increased use of upland root collection areas as populations increased. This research provides long-term data on culturally significant native plants used in the manufacture of fiber-based textiles over the last 14,000 years.Restos paleoetnobotanicas de cesteria y cordaje de las Cuevas Paisley ofrecen una oportunidad a explorar como la gente interactuaron con comunidades vegetales con el tiempo. Identificacion de fibras textiles, junto con datacion por radiocarbono, contribuye nueva informacion sobre el uso del paisaje dentro de la Cuenca del Lago de Verano. Pantanos expandidos durante el Tarde Pleistoceno / Temprano Holoceno crearon comunidades vegetales adecuadas ideales para tecnologia de fibra, especificamente monocotiledoneas de humedales y dicotiledoneas herbaceas incluyendo dogbane y ortiga hace 12.000 cal aP Esta tecnologia es clave para las actividades de subsistencia y la produccion artesanal durante todo el Holoceno. A pesar de los acontecimientos climaticos durante el Holoceno Medio, en los que la gente hizo la transicion de cuevas a sitios centrados alrededor de lagos y humedales, el conjunto de plantas de fibra y su aplicacion tecnologica se mantienen constantes. Durante el Holoceno Tardio, el material de fibra de liber se diversifico con la adicion de lino y algodoncillo. La presencia de lino en particular, una planta de gran altitud, puede reflejar el aumento del uso de las zonas de recoleccion de raices de las tierras altas a medida que aumentaban las poblaciones. Esta investigacion proporciona datos a largo plazo sobre plantas nativas culturalmente significativas utilizadas en la fabricacion de textiles a base de fibra durante los ultimos 14.000 anos.",
+        "output": "Fiber Artifacts from the Paisley Caves: 14,000 Years of Plant Selection in the Northern Great Basin",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "However, it's important to be vigilant and ready to adapt to market conditions should a breakout occur. A close above the upper boundary or below the lower boundary could serve as a trigger for a directional move in the market. Traders should closely monitor these levels for potential shifts in market sentiment.In the event of a violation of the lower range, the next support levels on the charts are anticipated to be around 50,525 and 49,965. Conversely, if the index breaks above the upper range, the subsequent resistance levels would likely be around 52,736 and 53,150.In conclusion, the Nifty FMCG Index is currently range-bound between 52,520 and 50,980. A range trading strategy is recommended, involving buying near the lower boundary and selling near the upper boundary. However, vigilance is key, as a breakout could signal a change in market direction. Keep a close eye on support and resistance levels for potential trading opportunities and risk management.The Nifty PSU Bank Index, currently trading at 5,038.25, is exhibiting signs of weakness on the charts for the near term. This analysis provides insights into the prevailing market conditions and suggests trading strategies for both traders and investors to consider.In the near term, the index appears to be on a weak footing, making 'sell on rise' a prudent trading strategy. This approach entails selling when the index experiences upward price movements.Given the current bearish sentiment, this strategy aligns with short-term market dynamics. For traders looking to capitalize on potential downward movements, it's essential to identify key support levels on the charts. These support levels are expected to materialize around 4,970, 4,870, and 4,770. These levels can serve as price targets for traders employing the 'sell on rise' strategy.However, it's crucial to note that the index is nearing an oversold condition. This oversold zone is anticipated to fall within the range of 4,630 to 4,545. For opportunistic and swing traders, this range presents an attractive opportunity to consider buying. When an asset enters an oversold zone, it often suggests that selling pressure has been excessive, and a rebound may be on the horizon.In summary, the near-term trend for the Nifty PSU Banks Index is currently bearish, making 'sell on rise' a viable trading strategy with defined support levels as targets. Meanwhile, investors and swing traders should keep a close watch on the expected oversold zone, as it could offer favorable entry points for long positions.",
-        "output": "The Nifty FMCG Index is range-bound between 52,520 and 50,980, suggesting a range trading strategy. The Nifty PSU Bank Index is bearish, with 'sell on rise' recommended as a trading strategy, with support levels at 4,970, 4,870, and 4,770.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "I consider predictive processing (PP) from the perspective of an artist who also conducts scientific research into art and perception. This paper presents artworks I have made and statements from other artists that exemplify some of PP's core principles. But it also raises questions about the extent to which current applications of PP theory provide a comprehensive account of art experience. Prediction error minimization, a key mechanism of PP, has been proposed as a cause of positive aesthetic affect because artworks offer opportunities for reward through disambiguation and learning. However, there are many cases where prediction errors proliferate in art experiences in a way that enhances aesthetic affect. Here I suggest the inability of our perceptual systems to minimize prediction errors when beholding certain artworks can evoke heightened states of fascination and exhilaration. Moreover, powerful artworks provide opportunities for maximizing prediction errors, within certain bounds, by evoking states of paradox, contradiction and illogicality. I conclude that beholding such artworks can intensify our sense of being by making us more alive to the world.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.",
+        "output": "Being alive to the world: an artist's perspective on predictive processing",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Western Digital    Corp. (NASDAQ:WDC) shares are up 3.3% in early Thursday trade after Barclays and Deutsche Bank analysts upgraded the computer hardware and storage company to buy.In a note discussing the 2nd wave of AI, Barclays analysts believe that 2024 and 2025 will see the return of flash and nearline HDD.\u201cWe think HDDs are a good neighborhood to play in over the next 2-years and roll out our CY25 forecast with units up 5% and revenue up 19%. We acknowledge lower quality balance sheets but think the industry is going through a real technology transition with HAMR that greatly accelerates cost downs coupled with a refresh in traditional serve,\u201d the analysts said.\u201cWe think WDC will have product in CY25 and ultimately the better industry dynamic will be a positive for both. We are also raising our Flash estimates for CY24 and moving ahead of the Street. We think WDC deserves some more credit and the valuation gap with STX should close.\u201dSimilarly, Deutsche Bank analysts raised the rating to Buy from Hold as they see tailwinds \u201cfrom both fundamentals and strategic action.\u201d\u201cWith the stock trading below the low end of the range, we believe the risk-reward is attractive,\u201d the analysts said.",
-        "output": "Barclays and Deutsche Bank upgraded Western Digital (WDC) to buy, citing a return of flash and nearline HDD in 2024-2025 due to the second wave of AI, with Barclays forecasting a 5% unit increase and 19% revenue increase in 2025.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines in salt flats has been evaluated in a unique natural laboratory in the Chilean Andes. The area encompasses Laguna Verde (LV), a hypersaline lake, and a salt flat (salar) within a closed basin surrounded by volcanoes. The predominant lithology consists of andesitic-dacitic rocks, with limited occurrences of rhyolitic rocks. The LV geothermal system exhibits surface manifestations, including over 20 hot springs reaching 47 C-degrees along the lake's southern margin. The upflow zone is represented by the fumarolic field in the Nevado Ojos del Salado volcano, 25 km southwest of LV. Lithium concentrations range from 2.76 to 4.46 mg/L in thermal water and 0.59 to 0.76 mg/L in the Penas Blancas river water, which feeds into LV after passing through a volcanic environment rich in lithium -bearing rocks. However, the thermal waters contribute over six times more lithium than non -thermal waters, highlighting their significance in releasing and transporting lithium from the source rocks to its eventual accumulation in LV. This natural laboratory at LV provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines, offering valuable insights into the processes involved in lithium enrichment in similar geological and climatic conditions in other geographic areas.",
+        "output": "A critical evaluation of the role of a geothermal system in lithium enrichment of brines in the salt flats: A case study from Laguna Verde in the Atacama Region of Chile",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Scott DiSavinoNEW YORK (Reuters) -Oil prices jumped about 2% to a near 10-month high on Tuesday on a tighter supply outlook and OPEC optimism over the resilience of energy demand in major economies.Brent futures rose $1.64, or 1.8%, to $92.28 a barrel by 11:15 a.m. EDT (1515 GMT). U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude rose $1.91, or 2.2%, to $89.20.Both benchmarks remained technically overbought for an eighth straight day, on track for their highest settlements since November 2022.The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) stuck to its forecasts for robust growth in global oil demand in 2023 and 2024, citing signs that major economies are stronger than expected. OPEC's monthly report forecast world oil demand will rise by 2.25 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2024.\"Crude prices are rallying after the OPEC monthly report showed the oil market is going to be a lot tighter than initially thought,\" Edward Moya, senior market analyst at data and analytics firm OANDA, said in a note.Saudi Arabia and Russia last week extended voluntary supply cuts of a combined 1.3 million bpd to year end. OPEC, Russia and allied producers are known as OPEC+.OPEC member Libya on Saturday shut four of its eastern oil export terminals due to a deadly storm. In OPEC+ member Kazakhstan, daily oil output fell to 213,800 metric tons on Sept. 11 from 243,500 tons the previous day as maintenance work began on the Karachaganak gas condensate field.Oil traders are waiting for supply-demand forecasts from the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Short Term Energy Outlook (STEO) on Tuesday and the International Energy Agency (IEA) on Wednesday. U.S. oil inventory data is due on Tuesday from industry group the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the EIA on Wednesday.Analysts polled by Reuters forecast a draw of about 2.0 million barrels of crude from U.S. stockpiles during the week ended Sept. 8. [EIA/S] [API/S] That would be the fifth straight weekly draw, the longest such streak since January 2022.INTEREST RATES AND INFLATIONU.S., consumer price index data for August on Wednesday should hint at the outlook for interest rates. The Federal Reserve is widely expected to leave rates unchanged at a policy meeting next week, though views are split over whether it will raise rates in November.The European Central Bank will announce its interest rate decision on Thursday.Interest rate hikes can slow economic growth and reduce oil demand.The European Commission on Monday forecast that the euro zone will grow more slowly than previously expected in 2023 and 2024.(Additional reporting by Jeslyn Lerh in SingaporeEditing by Emelia Sithole-Matarise, David Goodman and David Gregorio)",
-        "output": "Oil prices surged by 2% to a near 10-month high on Tuesday, driven by a tighter supply outlook and OPEC's optimism about energy demand resilience, with Brent futures reaching $92.28 a barrel and WTI crude rising to $89.20.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Inefficient education is a cause of anxiety and low self-efficacy among caregivers, especially for those caring for patients with tracheostomy. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the outcomes of tracheostomy care education by mannequin-based simulation and smartphone application. The participants were 126 primary caregivers of tracheostomy patients being discharged home from hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The control group received routine care. Caregiver self-efficacy was assessed using the Caregiver Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prior to the education and 1 month after. There were significant differences among the three groups regarding the mean scores of self-efficacy and anxiety. There was a significant increase in self-efficacy (P \u2264 .0001) and a significant decrease in anxiety (P \u2264 .0001) scores after the intervention. The intergroup comparison showed a significant difference between the intervention groups and the control group in terms of changes in the anxiety and self-efficacy scores of caregivers (P < .001).",
+        "output": "A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Tracheostomy Training using Mannequin-Based Simulation and Smartphone Application on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety of Caregivers.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study explores the relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of alexithymia and negative body image. Using the University Student Social Withdrawal Questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Negative Body Image Scale, 2582 college students (33.46% male, average age=19.46 years, SD=2.23) were surveyed. Social withdrawal, alexithymia, negative body image, and problematic social media use were significantly correlated with each other. Social withdrawal positively predicted problematic social media use, and both alexithymia and negative body image played a chain mediating role between social withdrawal and problematic social media use. The findings indicate that individual social withdrawal is associated with college students' problematic use of social media. The results suggest that alexithymia and negative body image may mediate this association, highlighting a potential pathway through which social withdrawal influences social media use patterns.",
-        "output": "The relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use in Chinese college students: a chain mediation of alexithymia and negative body image.",
+        "input": "Granular matter like sand is composed of a large number of interacting grains and is, thus, expected to be amenable to a statistical physics treatment. Yet, the frictional properties of grains make the statistical physics of granular matter significantly different from the equilibrium statistical physics of atomic or molecular systems. We use three simple models to illustrate some of the key concepts of the statistical physics introduced by Edwards and co-workers more than 30 years ago to describe shaken granular piles: non-interacting frictional grains attached to a wall by a spring, a chain of frictional grains connected by springs, and a simplified mean-field model of a granular packing. We observe that a chain of frictional grains connected by springs exhibits a critical point at an infinite effective temperature (i.e., infinitely strong shaking) at odds with the zero-temperature critical point generically found in one-dimensional systems at thermal equilibrium in the presence of local interactions.",
+        "output": "Statistical physics of frictional grains: Some simple applications of the Edwards statistics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Existing handover communication tools often lack a clear theoretical foundation, have limited psychometric evidence, and overlook effective communication strategies for enhancing diagnostic reasoning. This oversight becomes critical as communication breakdowns during handovers have been implicated in poor patient care. To address these issues, we developed a structured communication tool: Background, Responsible diagnosis, Included differential diagnosis, Excluded differential diagnosis, Follow-up, and Communication (BRIEF-C). It is informed by cognitive bias theory, shows evidence of reliability and validity of its scores, and includes strategies for actively sending and receiving information in medical handovers.DESIGN: A pre-test post-test intervention study.SETTING: Inpatient internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery units at one tertiary care hospital.INTERVENTION: The BRIEF-C tool was presented to internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery faculty and residents who participated in an in-person educational session, followed by a 2-week period where they practised using it with feedback.MEASUREMENTS: Clinical handovers were audiorecorded over 1week for the pre- and again for the post-periods, then transcribed for analysis. Two faculty raters from internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery scored the transcripts of handovers using the BRIEF-C framework. The two raters were blinded to the time periods.RESULTS: A principal component analysis identified two subscales on the BRIEF-C: diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication, with high interitem consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 and 0.99, respectively). One sample t-test indicated significant improvement in diagnostic clinical reasoning (pre-test: M=0.97, SD=0.50; post-test: M=1.31, SD=0.64; t(64)=4.26, p<0.05, medium to large Cohen's d=0.63) and communication (pre-test: M=0.02, SD=0.16; post-test: M=0.48, SD=0.83); t(64)=4.52, p<0.05, large Cohen's d=0.83).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates evidence supporting the reliability and validity of scores on the BRIEF-C as good indicators of diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication shared during handovers.",
-        "output": "Improving clinical reasoning and communication during handover: An intervention study of the BRIEF-C tool.",
+        "input": "The increase in elites' use of racial appeals has compelled some scholars of political communication to tell a more comprehensive story about political identity in the United States and elsewhere around the world . This occurred alongside the field of communication's , and subfield of political communication's , longstanding failures to develop a racial analytic - a clear reflection of the field's overwhelming whiteness. In this forum essay, we contextualize and review some strains of new literature on identity in political communication, with a focus especially on the U.S. context and the intersection of race and political power. Our aim is to call attention to what we see as an emerging approach to centering power, identity, and social groups in the field. These works are diverse theoretically and methodologically, and their authors may or may not recognize themselves as doing work in political communication at all. But we see tremendous value in what they share analytically, substantively, and normatively, and aim to mark the emergence and - we hope - flourishing of this work.",
+        "output": "Trump Goes to Tulsa on Juneteenth: Placing the Study of Identity, Social Groups, and Power at the Center of Political Communication Research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.",
-        "output": "Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems.",
+        "input": "This article explores the response of the Spanish trade union Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) during the challenging period of economic crisis coinciding with Spain's transition to democracy and concurrent technological advancements. It reveals that the deliberations within the union went beyond mere economic demands and resistance to industrial changes, embodying a variety of viewpoints in line with broader institutional shifts in the country. The investigation subsequently turns towards a comprehensive analysis of the definitions and ideas expressed within CCOO, particularly during the period from 1978 to 1987. Drawing upon documents from Confederation Secretariat sessions and publications in the Union Gazette (Gaceta Sindical), this research uncovers the nuanced perspectives and considerations driving the union's stance amidst a backdrop of economic upheaval and technological transformations.",
+        "output": "Broadening contexts: Spanish trade unionism in the face of the economic crisis and technological change, 1970-1987. The case of Comisiones Obreras",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Extremism and terrorism are thought to go hand in hand in civil wars. Yet do they? Are rebel groups with more extreme goals more likely than moderate ones to use terrorism, as commonly assumed? Arguments linking extremism to terrorism are often circular: groups are tagged as extremist because they do extreme things. Our article addresses this problem by articulating a novel conceptualization of extremism as the distance of group goals from the status quo. Understanding the relationship between what groups want and how they try to achieve it has obvious theoretical and policy implications. We theorize mechanisms that might connect extremist goals to terrorism and use new data on rebel group aims in civil wars from 1970 to 2013 to examine the empirical relationship between extremism and terrorism in a nontautological way. The results show that some extremist goals are associated with terrorism but not others. Groups with goals that involve changing the political ideology of the state or transforming political power across identity groups are more likely to use terrorism or to use more of it. Secessionist groups, however, are no more likely to produce terrorism than are those with less extreme territorial aims such as autonomy.",
-        "output": "Extremism and Terrorism: Rebel Goals and Tactics in Civil Wars",
+        "input": "Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits a heightened incidence in regions with a high prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection, with previous studies suggesting an association with diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of CCA in relation to O. viverrini infection and DM within high-risk populations in Northeast Thailand. Participants from 20 provinces underwent CCA screening through the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program between 2013 and 2019. Health questionnaires collected data on O. viverrini infection and DM, while ultrasonography confirmed CCA diagnoses through histopathology. Multiple zero-inflated Poisson regression, accounting for covariates like age and gender, assessed associations of O. viverrini infection and DM with CCA. Bayesian spatial analysis methods explored spatial relationships. Among 263,588 participants, O. viverrini infection, DM, and CCA prevalence were 32.37%, 8.22%, and 0.36%, respectively. The raw standardized morbidity ratios for CCA was notably elevated in the Northeast's lower and upper regions. Coexistence of O. viverrini infection and DM correlated with CCA, particularly in males and those aged over 60years, with a distribution along the Chi, Mun, and Songkhram Rivers. Our findings emphasize the association of the spatial distribution of O. viverrini infection and DM with high-risk CCA areas in Northeast Thailand. Thus, prioritizing CCA screening in regions with elevated O. viverrini infection and DM prevalence is recommended.",
+        "output": "Spatial analysis of cholangiocarcinoma in relation to diabetes mellitus and Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Northeast Thailand.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this research work, a novel fuzzy data transformation technique has been proposed and applied to the hormonal imbalance dataset. Hormonal imbalance is ubiquitously found principally in females of reproductive age which ultimately leads to numerous related medical conditions. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of them. Treatment along with adopting a healthy lifestyle is advised to mitigate its consequences on the quality of life. The biological dataset of hormonal imbalance PCOS provides limited results that is whether the syndrome is present or not. Also, there are input variables that contain binary responses only, to deal with this conundrum, a novel fuzzy data transformation technique has been developed and applied to them thus leading to their fuzzy transformation which provides a broader spectrum to diagnose PCOS. Due to this, the output variable has also been transformed. Hence, a novel fuzzy transformation technique has been employed due to the limitation of the dataset leading to the transition of binary classification output into three classes. An adaptive fuzzy machine learning logic model is developed in which the inference of the transformed biological dataset is performed by the machine learning techniques that provide the fuzzy output. Machine learning techniques have also been applied to the untransformed biological dataset. Both implementations have been compared by computation of the relevant metrics. Machine learning employment on untransformed biological dataset provides limited results whether the syndrome is present or absent however machine learning on fuzzy transformed biological dataset provides a broader spectrum of diagnosis consisting of a third class depicting that PCOS might be present which would ultimately alert a patient to take preventive measures to minimize the chances of syndrome development in future.",
-        "output": "Fuzzy machine learning logic utilization on hormonal imbalance dataset.",
+        "input": "The rapid increase in the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, capable of causing diseases in humans as destroying cultural heritage sites, is a great challenge for modern science. In this regard, it is necessary to develop fundamentally novel and highly active compounds. In this study, a series of N-4-alkylcytidines, including 5- and 6-methylcytidine derivatives, with extended alkyl substituents, were obtained in order to develop a new generation of antibacterial and antifungal biocides based on nucleoside derivatives. It has been shown that N-4-alkyl 5- or 6-methylcytidines effectively inhibit the growth of molds, isolated from the paintings in the halls of the Ancient Russian Paintings of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Russia, Moscow. The novel compounds showed activity similar to antiseptics commonly used to protect works of art, such as benzalkonium chloride, to which a number of microorganisms have acquired resistance. It was also shown that the activity of N-4-alkylcytidines is comparable to that of some antibiotics used in medicine to fight Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. N-4-dodecyl-5- and 6-methylcytidines turned out to be the best. This compound seems promising for expanding the palette of antiseptics used in painting, since quite often the destruction of painting materials is caused by joint fungi and bacteria infection.",
+        "output": "New Biocides Based on N4-Alkylcytidines: Effects on Microorganisms and Application for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of Painting",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 16 (IANS) Nifty is now up three times from the Covid low of 7,511 in March 2020, says V.K. Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist, Geojit Financial Services.This is an indication of a strong bull market and it has a long way to go. But the rally from now on will not be smooth and sharp corrections are likely since valuations are high, he said.More often than not, unexpected events cause corrections. Geopolitical developments have the potential to trigger corrections. But recent geopolitical events like the Israel-Gaza war didn\u2019t impact crude prices or markets. Similarly, the skirmishes going on in the Red Sea also may pass without hurting the markets. But there can be a near-term concern that the conflict may widen, so watch out for the events in the Red Sea, he added.Large-caps in banking and IT and RIL are likely to remain resilient even in a downturn. As a measure of abundant caution investors may consider booking some profits and moving the money to fixed income, where the returns are attractive, he added.Deepak Jasani, Head of Retail Research, HDFC Securities said Asian shares dropped to a one-month low, the US stock futures fell on Tuesday as hawkish remarks from central bankers tempered expectations for interest rate cuts and traders waited to hear from the Fed's influential Christopher Waller.European stocks and bonds retreated after European Central Bank officials poured cold water on expectations for rapid rate cuts even as data from Germany underscored the challenging backdrop for economic growth and corporate profits. European stocks fell on Monday as bond yields climbed, and Chinese equities dipped after the country's central bank unnerved investors by skipping an expected rate cut, he said.India's trade deficit narrowed in December as exports and imports rose during the month. The trade gap narrowed to $19.8 billion in December, as compared with $20.6 billion in November. Exports rose by 1 per cent to $38.45 billion. Imports fell by 4.9 per cent to $58.25 billion. Exports rose by 13.4 per cent, on a month-on-month basis. Imports rose by 6.9 per cent, on a month-on-month basis.BSE Sensex is up 80 points at 73,408 points on Tuesday. Titan (NS:TITN), L&T, Tata Motors (NS:TAMO), Maruti (NS:MRTI) are up 1 per cent. IT stocks are down with HCL Tech (NS:HCLT) down 2 per cent, Wipro (NS:WIPR) down 2 per cent.(Sanjeev Sharma can be reached at sanjeev.s@ians.in)--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Nifty has tripled since the Covid low of 7,511 in March 2020, indicating a strong bull market with potential for further growth despite potential corrections due to high valuations and geopolitical concerns. India's trade deficit narrowed to $19.8 billion in December as exports rose 13.4% and imports fell 4.9% on a month-on-month basis.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper addresses the problem of mapping high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional space, in the presence of other known features. This problem is ubiquitous in science and engineering as there are often controllable/measurable features in most applications. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a broad class of methods, which is referred to as conditional multidimensional scaling (MDS). An algorithm for optimizing the objective function of conditional MDS is also developed. The convergence of this algorithm is proven under mild assumptions. Conditional MDS is illustrated with kinship terms, facial expressions, textile fabrics, car-brand perception, and cylinder machining examples. These examples demonstrate the advantages of conditional MDS over conventional dimension reduction in improving the estimation quality of the reduced-dimension space and simplifying visualization and knowledge discovery tasks. Computer codes for this work are available in the open-source cml R package.",
+        "output": "Dimension Reduction With Prior Information for Knowledge Discovery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The December Consumer Price Index (CPI) report came in stronger than expected on Thursday, with inflation coming in above economists' expectations, prompting some doubts regarding the Federal Reserve's potential rate cuts. Ahead of the release, analysts at UBS said in a note that they believe inflation will likely now fall at a more gradual pace and will slow in the first half of 2024. Today's data backed up their stance, with headline U.S. CPI rising 0.3% last month, representing an annual gain of 3.4%, compared to expectations of 0.2% and 3.2%, respectively.However, BofA said in comments following the data that \"the report still suggests that inflation is cooling as core inflation on a three-month annualized rate edged down a tenth to 3.3% and the y/y rate fell below 4%.\"\"Headline and core CPI beat consensus expectations and were a few basis points stronger than our own forecasts,\" the bank stated in a note. Analysts at BofA believe some drivers of the strength this month, particularly used cars, should fade in the coming months. As a result, the firm is comfortable with its expectation that the Fed will cut rates by 25bp in March.",
-        "output": "The December CPI report showed inflation above expectations, with headline CPI rising 0.3% and an annual gain of 3.4%, prompting doubts about potential Fed rate cuts. However, BofA believes inflation is cooling, with core inflation on a three-month annualized rate edging down to 3.3% and the y/y rate falling below 4%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The impact of changes in physical activity after ischemic stroke (IS) on the subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) risk is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of changes in physical activity on the risk of MI after acute IS using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database.METHODS: 224,764 patients newly diagnosed with IS between 2010 and 2016 who underwent two serial biannual health checkups were included. The participants were divided into four categories according to changes in their physical activity: persistent non-exercisers, new exercisers, exercise dropouts, and exercise maintainers. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of incident MI. Multivariable Cox proportional models were used to assess the effects of changes in exercise habits on the risk of MI.RESULTS: After a median of 4.25 years of follow-up, 6,611 (2.94%) MI cases were observed. After adjusting for confounders, new exercisers and exercise maintainers were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident MI than persistent non-exercisers (aHR, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.792-0.911; P-value<0.001; and aHR, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.696-0.801; P-value<0.001, respectively). Effects were consistent across sexes, more pronounced in those>65 years. Notably, any level of physical activity after stroke was associated with a reduced MI risk compared to no exercise.CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort study, commencing or sustaining physical activity after an IS corresponded to a diminished likelihood of subsequent MI development. Advocating physical activity in ambulatory stroke survivors could potentially attenuate the prospective risk of MI.",
+        "output": "Association between physical activity changes and incident myocardial infarction after ischemic stroke: a nationwide population-based study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite the roller-coaster ride so far this year, the benchmark and broader indices have not only managed to log significant gains but also scale record life-time highs in 2023. Among the frontline indices, the Sensex and Nifty have rallied around 10 per cent and 11 per cent so far.Meanwhile, among the broader indices, the NSE MidCap index has surged 35 per cent, while the SmallCap has zoomed 44 per cent. The much-broader Nifty 500 index has gained 16.4 per cent.As a matter of fact, four out of every five stocks among the Nifty 500 are trading with gains in the",
-        "output": "Despite market volatility, the Sensex and Nifty have surged 10% and 11% respectively in 2023, while broader indices like the NSE MidCap and SmallCap have soared 35% and 44%. Four out of five stocks in the Nifty 500 are trading with gains.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study examines the challenges of humanism and education in the 21st century as addressed by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk in his Elmau Speech (1999). In this lecture, titled Rules for the Human Zoo, Sloterdijk argues that the traditional notion of humanism, specifically humanism as a literary society, has reached its conclusion, necessitating the development of a new humanism appropriate for the contemporary era. However, the new concept of humanism emerging from what Sloterdijk terms the anthropotechnic turn appears to align with the discourses surrounding human enhancement that have emerged in the 21st century, thereby influencing the realm of education. The first half of this article reports on the significant concerns and criticisms expressed by the media at that time regarding this new humanism, which seems to be associated with eugenicist ideas. Taking a step further, this study critically examines the nature of the challenges around education implied by Sloterdijk, specifically the conflict between friend of humans and friend of ubermensch, and explores the potential roles and responsibilities of education in the latter part of the paper.",
+        "output": "Rethinking Humanism and Education Through Sloterdijk's Rules for the Human Zoo",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of plantar intrinsic foot muscle exercise in older adults remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise program with a novel three-dimensional printing foot core training device on balance and body composition in community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above.METHODS: A total of 40 participants aged\u226560 years were enrolled in this quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest-posttest design; participants were categorized into two groups, those with balance impairment and those without balance impairment. The participants performed a 4-week integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise program with a three-dimensional printing foot core training device. The short physical performance battery (SPPB) and timed up and go test were employed to evaluate mobility and balance. A foot pressure distribution analysis was conducted to assess static postural control. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and fat mass were measured by a segmental body composition monitor with bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine the difference before and after the exercise program.RESULTS: Among the 40 enrolled participants (median age, 78.0 years; female, 80.0%; balance-impaired group, 27.5%), the 95% confidence ellipse area of the center of pressure under the eyes-closed condition was significantly decreased (median pretest: 217.3, interquartile range: 238.4; median posttest: 131.7, interquartile range: 199.5; P=0.001) after the exercise. Female participants without balance impairment demonstrated a significant increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and a decrease in fat mass. Participants in the balance-impaired group exhibited a significant increase in SPPB.CONCLUSIONS: Integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise with a three-dimensional printing foot core training device may improve balance and body composition in adults aged 60 and above.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05750888 (retrospectively registered 02/03/2023).",
-        "output": "Effects of integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise with foot core training device on balance and body composition among community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above.",
+        "input": "Although modern humans left Africa multiple times over 100,000 years ago, those broadly ancestral to non-Africans dispersed less than 100,000 years ago1. Most models hold that these events occurred through green corridors created during humid periods because arid intervals constrained population movements2. Here we report an archaeological site-Shinfa-Metema 1, in the lowlands of northwest Ethiopia, with Youngest Toba Tuff cryptotephra dated to around 74,000 years ago-that provides early and rare evidence of intensive riverine-based foraging aided by the likely adoption of the bow and arrow. The diet included a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Stable oxygen isotopes from fossil mammal teeth and ostrich eggshell show that the site was occupied during a period of high seasonal aridity. The unusual abundance of fish suggests that capture occurred in the ever smaller and shallower waterholes of a seasonal river during a long dry season, revealing flexible adaptations to challenging climatic conditions during the Middle Stone Age. Adaptive foraging along dry-season waterholes would have transformed seasonal rivers into 'blue highway' corridors, potentially facilitating an out-of-Africa dispersal and suggesting that the event was not restricted to times of humid climates. The behavioural flexibility required to survive seasonally arid conditions in general, and the apparent short-term effects of the Toba supereruption in particular were probably key to the most recent dispersal and subsequent worldwide expansion of modern humans.",
+        "output": "Adaptive foraging behaviours in the Horn of Africa during Toba supereruption.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESES: During emerging adulthood, vocational indecision (i.e., the inability to make coherent career choices) develops in a heterogeneous fashion, with three distinct patterns: low; decreasing (i.e., developmental or adaptative); high and stable or increasing (i.e., chronic or maladaptive). Among the determinants of vocational indecision that have been identified in past research, academic motivation is a crucial an excellent choice, since it is at school that students' vocational choices are validated or not. According to SDT, this motivation can vary both in quantity and quality, and students tend to experience more positive academic outcomes when their motivational profile is optimal (high quantity, high quality) as opposed to suboptimal (e.g., low quantity, low quality). Thus, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to verify if the patterns found with emerging adulthood students characterized vocational indecision in adolescent students, and if supported, to predict the belonging to the most problematic trajectory by using students' academic motivational profiles. We expected several distinct trajectories of vocational indecision that would differ in shape and magnitude, and several motivational profiles that vary in quality as well as in quantity. We also expected students in high-quality or quantity motivational profiles to be less likely to follow a chronic indecision trajectory.METHOD AND RESULTS: Using data from 384 students (56% female; Mage=13.52years; SD=.52 at Secondary 2) surveyed annually from Secondary 2 to 5, person-centered analyses enabled estimation of motivational profile in Secondary 2 and vocational indecision trajectories during the 4-year period. Results revealed four distinct patterns of vocational indecision during adolescence labelled Low and Stable, Moderate and Stable, Developmental and Chronic Intermittent. Four motivational profiles were also identified in Secondary 2, ranging from poor (Highly Amotivated) to moderate (Autonomous-Introjected) quality of self-determination level. Also, in reference to the most self-determined profile, students in the Mixed profile were at greatest risk of following Chronically-Intermittently Undecided trajectory. Finally, the most self-determined students were at greatest probability of following the Developmentally Undecided trajectory.CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that the student motivational functioning in early secondary school years could be used to identify students at risk of experiencing the negative indecision patterns across secondary school. Several theoretical and practical implications are suggested.",
-        "output": "Predicting trajectories of vocational indecision from motivational profiles in early adolescence.",
+        "input": "The cave of Saint-Marcel is known for its extensive network (64 km of galleries) and its history of human occupation (Middle Palaeolithic and Neolithic) in the entrance area. Close observation of the main network reveals areas with high concentrations of broken speleothems, which are usually attributed to the first tourist visits of the nineteenth century. However, archaeo-geomorphological mapping of the broken speleothems, many of which are lying on the floor and sealed by stalagmite regrowth or crust, indicates intentional organisation of the underground space into speleothem supply zones and zones in which the speleothems were used to build structures. Age estimates of the stalagmite seals on these human-made structures suggest that the structures were a result of human activity that occurred between the end of the Upper Palaeolithic and the European Mesolithic. These age estimates radically change the way we look at the broken speleothems in the cave of Saint-Marcel and the structures associated with them. They bring to light the engagement of past human communities with the deep underground environment, at more than 1.5 km from the cave entrance, which can only be accessed by crossing obstacles (pits) that, today, are considered as difficult to be crossed. Our findings and ongoing research stress the unequivocal archaeological significance of the cave.",
+        "output": "Investigating Human Activities in Caves Through the Study of Broken Stalagmite Structures: The Case of the Saint-Marcel Cave (France) During the Early Holocene",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LONDON - FirstGroup PLC, a leading UK transport operator, has announced its commitment to achieving a zero-emission bus fleet by 2035 as part of the nation's broader effort to decarbonize commercial transportation. The company, which operates over 4,500 buses and serves more than one million passengers daily, is on track to integrate over 600 electric buses into its fleet by March 2024.To support this ambitious transition, FirstGroup has established a joint venture with Hitachi (OTC:HTHIY) Europe. This collaboration follows the successful decarbonization project at Glasgow's Caledonia depot, which commenced in May 2022. The move towards a greener fleet is facilitated by substantial financial backing, including a \u00a396M syndicated loan from NatWest specifically for battery leasing. Additionally, a \u00a3150M Hire Purchase facility has been arranged for the acquisition of electric bus bodies.The funding is further bolstered by government-backed schemes such as ScotZeb and Zebra, which aim to aid financing for environmentally friendly transport solutions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "FirstGroup PLC, a leading UK transport operator, has committed to achieving a zero-emission bus fleet by 2035, integrating over 600 electric buses by March 2024. The transition is supported by a joint venture with Hitachi Europe, substantial financial backing, and government-backed schemes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This comparative, mixed-methods study explores various definitions of Israel Studies as a discipline through their manifestations in library and archival collections. A survey and a follow-up interview with collection curators provide a glimpse into library operations and demonstrate their dependency on Jewish Studies across the board. Collection strengths, extensiveness, and uniqueness are shaped not by the presence of an on-campus Israel Studies center, but rather by individual curators guided by their own proactive approach to collection building. The article includes an annotated list of over 120 distinctive collections, among which we uncover several hidden collections. Taken together, our article illustrates the need for better communication between Israel Studies' scholarly and information communities.",
+        "output": "Israel Studies collections in research libraries and archives outside of Israel: a survey",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 11 (IANS) Tensions in the Middle Eastern shipping lanes continued to run high on Thursday amid reports of a hijacked oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman, which was boarded by masked individuals and forced to alter course toward Iran, the Oil Price reported.The UK Marine Trade Operations (UKMTO) said on Thursday that it had received a report of a vessel being boarded by 4-5 armed unauthorized persons in an area east of Sohar, Oman.\"Unauthorised boarders are reported to be wearing military style black uniforms with black masks,\" the UKMTO said, the Oil Price reported.The ship \"has altered course towards Iranian territorial waters and communications with the vessel have been lost\", the UK authority said.According to Tanker Trackers, the oil tanker \"which the Iranians have boarded today in the Gulf of Oman is the ST NIKOLAS\", which is carrying Iraqi oil.Formerly known as the SUEZ RAJAN, the tanker was previously seized by the US government after being found to transport a million barrels of Iranian oil in connection to a US company, TankerTrackers.com noted.At the time of the incident, the vessel was traveling to the Turkish port of Aliaga after loading crude from the Iraqi Basrah Oil Terminal, Oil Price reported.Early on Thursday, oil prices rose by nearly 2 per cent amid intensified attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea this week.--IANSbiz/san/pgh",
-        "output": "Tensions in the Middle Eastern shipping lanes escalated on Thursday as a hijacked oil tanker, the ST NIKOLAS, carrying Iraqi oil, was boarded by masked individuals and forced to alter course toward Iran. The UK Marine Trade Operations reported that the ship was boarded by 4-5 armed unauthorized persons in an area east of Sohar, Oman.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Outpatient providers refer to emergency departments (EDs) due to findings requiring assessment beyond existing capabilities. However, poor communication surrounding these transitions may hinder safety and timeliness of emergency care. Receiver-driven handoff (RDH) is a process that helps ensure that all pertinent information is shared. This quality improvement project aimed to (1) improve knowledge of RDH, (2) increase satisfaction and perceptions surrounding RDH, (3) modify behaviors in relation to RDH, and (4) decrease referred patients leaving without being seen (LWBS).METHODS: The Iowa Model and Implementation Framework guided this evidence-based quality improvement project. A multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a standardized RDH process consisting of screening to determine whether a patient was referred to the ED, review of electronic health record (EHR), and use of EHR documentation. Process measures were collected via questionnaire pre- and postimplementation and were analyzed quantitatively. Outcome measures were trended by a statistical process control p-chart, which was developed to demonstrate changes in the percentage of patients who were referred to the ED from the outpatient setting and LWBS.RESULTS: The average response for the question How satisfied are you with the handoff of patient information from referring clinic providers to the ED? increased from 1.51 preintervention to 2.04 postintervention (p\u202f=\u202f0.005). Respondents rated the information received during handoff higher postintervention (2.12 vs. 2.52, p\u202f=\u202f0.04). Compliance with screening for referral to the ED was 84.0%. The proportion of patients LWBS after referral decreased by 6.2 percentage points (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Using RDH in conjunction with a standardized triage screening may improve quality of information shared during this vulnerable transition and may assist in reduction of referred patients LWBS. The RDH process should be adapted into everyday workflow to ensure sustainability and effectiveness.",
+        "output": "Improving Outcomes in Patients Sent to the Emergency Department from Outpatient Providers: A Receiver-Driven Handoff Process Improvement.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CAESAREA, Israel - Max Stock Limited (TASE: MAXO), an extreme value retailer based in Israel, disclosed on Monday that Migdal Insurance and Financial Holdings Ltd. has increased its stake in the company. On January 11, 2024, Migdal executed a transaction on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, purchasing 3,559,039 shares at an average price of ILS 7.08 per share.Following this transaction, Migdal's total holdings in Max Stock amount to 8,964,273 shares, representing 6.43% of the company's share capital, or 6.37% on a fully diluted basis. This purchase positions Migdal as a significant shareholder, with its holdings being managed through profit-sharing life insurance policies and mutual fund management companies.Migdal Insurance and Financial Holdings Ltd., a public entity, is notably under the ultimate indirect control of Mr. Shlomo and Ms. Haya Eliyahu, who hold a 64.28% stake. The company now holds more than 5% of Max Stock's share capital, primarily through life insurance policies and mutual funds it manages.Max Stock is recognized as Israel's leading extreme value retailer, with a presence in 63 locations across Israel and two in Portugal. The company is known for offering a diverse range of quality products at affordable prices, aligning with their motto \"Dream Big, Pay Small.\"This announcement is an English translation of excerpts from a Hebrew immediate report published on the same day. While the translation has been prepared with care, it is stated that no translation can perfectly reflect the original Hebrew version. In case of any discrepancies, the Hebrew version prevails. This information is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Migdal Insurance increased its stake in Max Stock Limited, an extreme value retailer in Israel, to 6.43% (6.37% on a fully diluted basis) by purchasing 3,559,039 shares at an average price of ILS 7.08 per share on January 11, 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Building on slack resources theory and industrial characteristics, this study explores how hotels develop and deploy slack resources to achieve resilience to crisis. It conceptualizes that hotels could build various slack resources based on the flexibility of functional operations, such as rooms, food and beverage, and marketing. Using longitudinal data, we analyze the effects of slacks on resilience over long periods of time involving crisis, recovery, and post -recovery. Findings reveal the diverse impacts of slacks on resilience, suggesting that hotels should strategically use and accumulate different slacks at different times to maximize their resilience. This study contributes to tourism research on resilience and slack resource theory by providing theoretical framework and empirical evidence for the long-term process of slack utilization. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Building resilience to crisis through slack resources: A longitudinal analysis of US hotels",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Research examining the contraceptive paradox has illuminated how contraception can be a source of empowerment for some and oppression for others. This study advances theorizing of the contraceptive paradox by illustrating how 45 young women experience contraception as both liberating and constraining due to a confluence of biomedicalization processes, gender inequality, and neoliberal feminism. Drawing on focus group data, we find that the biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention and neoliberal feminist discourse, in combination with experiences of social and economic privilege and gender inequality in fertility work, shape participants' interpretation of contraceptive technology as a key resource for individually liberating themselves from undesired pregnancy. At the same time, their experiences indicate prescription contraception plays an oppressive role in their lives. In addition to blaming themselves and their bodies for negative contraceptive side effects, participants take for granted that assuming sole responsibility for contraceptive use in their relationships with men is the price they must pay to feel free. The findings indicate that addressing a social problem using an individualized biomedical solution obscures the power that structural inequalities exert over pregnancy-capable people, including relatively privileged young women. As an expression of biopower, these dynamics prompted participants to emphasize distributive justice over social justice, foreclosing their engagement in collective action.",
-        "output": "The biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention, neoliberal feminism, and college women's experiences of the contraceptive paradox.",
+        "input": "In this paper we study 500 years of African economic history using traveller accounts. We systematically collected 2464 unique documents, of which 855 pass language and rigorous data quality requirements. Our final corpus of texts contains more than 230 000 pages. Analysing such a corpus is an insurmountable task for traditional historians and would probably take a lifetime's work. Applying modern day computational linguistic techniques such as a structural topic model approach (STM) in combination with domain knowledge of African economic history, we analyse how first-hand accounts (topics) evolve across space and time. Apart from obvious accounts of climate, geography, and zoology, we find topics around imperialism, diplomacy, conflict, trade/commerce, health/medicine, evangelization, and many more topics of interest to scholarship. We illustrate how this novel database and text analysis can be employed in three applications (1) What views are introduced by travellers as a result of their occupational background? (2) Did the adoption of quinine as treatment and prophylaxis against malaria facilitate European expansion into Africa? (3) When and how did the diffusion of New World crops alter the African economic landscape?",
+        "output": "African time travellers: What can we learn from 500 years of written accounts?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Making health science students aware of the importance of basic science knowledge for professional practice is a major educational challenge, especially during the early years of preclinical courses. Here, using an integrated curricular approach, we analyze whether Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA), which combine active learning methodologies for teaching basic science in clinical scenarios, can help to develop deeper learning and student engagement. In order to increase student motivation, we evaluated the effectiveness of WSLA using statistical analyses and an observation tool based on the ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive) framework, which categorizes learning tasks based on the nature of student engagement. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the different summative evaluations along the development of the activities, indicating the learning process inherent to WSLA progression and affirming the positive influence of WSLA on academic outcomes. Comparing the pre- and post-tests, students scored significantly higher on the post-test (statistically significant p<0.001). WSLA promotes both constructivist and interactive learning, as validated by its alignment with the ICAP model. The study examines student engagement through systematic observation, revealing a relationship between student engagement and final grades. Students who exhibit constructive learning consistently earn higher grades, emphasizing the positive impact of active engagement. Thus, passive behavior profiles show a significant proportion of fails (40%), while constructive profiles stand out as the sole recipients of the coveted excellent rating. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of WSLA in promoting active learning and enhancing student engagement within integrated health education curricula. It highlights the importance of active learning behaviors for academic success and suggests avenues for further research to optimize integrated teaching methodologies in medical education.",
-        "output": "Enhancing academic performance and student engagement in health education: insights from Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA).",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.",
+        "output": "Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy",
+        "input": "The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is a major upgrade to the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, aimed at increasing the integrated luminosity of the collider by a factor of ten [1]. A key component of the HL-LHC are the superconducting Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, known as MQXF, whose purpose is to focus the particle beam [3]. In order to ensure the proper operation and structural reliability of the MQXF quadrupoles, it is essential to qualify the welds of their cold mass, used as a He container of the magnets. This paper describes the process of qualification of the welds involved in the closure of the cold mass, including the testing and inspection methods used to evaluate their strength and soundness. The results of the qualification process are used to ensure that the MQXF quadrupoles cold masses can withstand the high-stress operating conditions of the HL-LHC and operate as expected at cryogenic temperature. The qualification process has been used to implement a novel approach for quality control of the production parts using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This advanced testing method uses phased array ultrasonic probes to scan the welds and generate a detail 3D image of their internal structure. This allows for a more accurate and efficient inspection of the welds, compared to traditional ultrasonic testing methods. Overall, the welding qualification process for the cold mass of the MQXF quadrupoles is a crucial step in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the HL-LHC.",
+        "output": "Weld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among veterans, and excessive alcohol use is associated with significant mental and physical health consequences. Currently, the largest cohort of veterans seeking services at the VA are those from the 1990s Gulf War Era. This cohort of veterans is unique due to the nature of their deployment resulting in a myriad of unexplained symptoms collectively known as Gulf War Illness and higher rates of mental health problems. The present study sought to examine the association between probable AUD and mental health treatment utilization in a sample of 1126 (882 male) Gulf War-era veterans.METHODS: Veterans completed a self-report survey including the AUDIT-C, questions about mental health treatment engagement, and demographic questions.RESULTS: Results demonstrated that approximately 20% of the sample screened positive for probable AUD, determined by standard AUDIT-C cutoff scores. Among those screening positive for AUD, 25% reported engaging in mental health treatment in the past year. Veterans with probable AUD who use VA care had 3.8 times the odds of receiving mental health services than veterans not using VA care. Use of mental health services was associated with mental health comorbidity and identifying as Black/African American.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study highlight a significant unmet need for mental health treatment among Gulf War-era veterans with AUD.",
-        "output": "Mental health treatment utilization among Gulf War era veterans with probable alcohol use disorder.",
+        "input": "Although ground motion duration significantly influences structural response, there is a lack of accurate prediction models for ground motion duration. Ground motion duration plays a vital role in structural response during an earthquake. Even a small magnitude event may cause severe structural damage if the duration of the earthquake is long. Thus, accurate estimation of ground motion duration is essential for structural seismic design and analysis. This article uses machine learning techniques to estimate ground motion duration for the New Zealand region. This paper investigates the use of emerging machine learning algorithms to address this critical issue using data from the New Zealand earthquakes database. The utility of the prediction models is also evaluated using numerous parameters related to filtering frequencies, fault dimensions, S-wave triggering flag, etc., apart from the traditional source, path, and site. Other parameters, e.g., the usable frequency range and the uncertainty of the available parameters, are also considered in evaluating the prediction of the considered machine learning models. Root mean squared error, along with the coefficient of determination (R2), is used to evaluate the performance of the machine learning models. The method with the least difference between actual and predicted values on the test set is presented for each duration metric available within the New Zealand database. Most importantly, the game theory-based SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are provided as to whether each independent variable would push the predictions toward higher or lower values. These explanations demonstrate the relative importance of the parameters within the strong motion database in the prediction of earthquake duration.",
+        "output": "Explainable XGBoost-SHAP Machine-Learning Model for Prediction of Ground Motion Duration in New Zealand",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observations and 402 Heritage Sites. World Heritage managers assess that certain factors are both beneficial and harmful for their sites. These contradictory perceptions appear most commonly in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation (28% of the sites), ground transport infrastructure (16%) and to the Society's valuing of heritage (12%). Besides this, ambivalent perceptions are also identified for housing, commercial development, land conversion, forestry/timber production and renewable energy facilities, although to a lesser extent. Estimation results reveal that the highest degree of ambivalence occurs in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation, interpretive and sightseeing facilities and ground transport infrastructure when location and specific site characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results coincide only to some extent with the descriptive statistics. Compared to other groups of Cultural World Heritage Sites (cultural landscapes, religious sites and other sites) managers of cities have a significantly lower probability of perceiving the different factors as harmful. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites",
+        "input": "This study aims to comprehend and test the mediating effect of Green Process Innovation (GPI) and the moderating effect of Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Green Business Strategies (GBS) and Environmental Performance (EP) relationship. 252 manufacturing sector employees in North India participated in the data collection. The study used Structural equation modelling and Process Macro for investigating the hypothesized model. The results supported the hypothesized association between AIenabled GBS and EP. The study found that GPI mediate the constructive association between AI -enabled GBS and EP. GDC emerged as significant moderators for AI -enabled GBS and EP relationship. The article offers some helpful inputs for the Indian manufacturing industry to understand the importance of AI -enabled GBS in enhancing EP to move towards Carbon neutrality. The results suggest some practical implications for organizations wherein firms can maintain their focus on GPI at the organizational level by having AI -backed GBS, which will help the business achieve better EP. There is a scope to dig deep on comprehending the moderating impact of GDC in this context. The study recommends that GDC can further boost GPI, which will ultimately impact the firm's goal of carbon neutrality by shaping EP.",
+        "output": "AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaAssociated Alcohols & Breweries Ltd (BO:ASAL) (AABL), a prominent player in the alcohol beverage industry, proudly announces the initiation of commercial production at its Ethanol plant located in Barwaha, Madhya Pradesh. This state-of-the-art plant, with a capacity of 130 KLPD and an investment of approximately INR 150 crore, signifies a significant stride in AABL's commitment to clean energy solutions. Equipped to process diverse feedstocks, the grain-based ethanol facility integrates advanced technology and eco-friendly practices.In a strategic move, a versatile boiler has been installed alongside the ethanol plant, capable of utilizing various fuels, including coal, husk, and briquettes. This addition enhances operational efficiency, reflecting AABL's dedication to overall performance improvement. The ethanol plant aligns seamlessly with AABL's current portfolio, serving as a supplier of high-quality Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) for its Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) products and other bottlers.Financially, AABL reports robust performance for H1 FY24, with a revenue of INR 3,266 million and an EBITDA of INR 379 million, marking a YoY growth of 21.9%. With a net debt-to-equity ratio of 0.04x as of H1 FY24, the company maintains a strong balance sheet.Prasann Kumar Kedia, Managing Director of AABL, expresses enthusiasm about this milestone, emphasizing the company's commitment to sustainable energy. The Ethanol plant has already secured orders from Oil Marketing Companies (\u201cOMCs\u201d) for supply until April 2024, with a billing rate aligned with the revised rate of maize-based ethanol set by OMCs at INR. 71.86. Kedia acknowledges the potential challenges during the initial phases but expresses confidence in the team's ability to address them swiftly. He extends gratitude to stakeholders and the community for their support as AABL embarks on this exciting journey towards a greener and more sustainable future.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim the sale of the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\" and for the 1-year plan, click \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "Associated Alcohols & Breweries Ltd (AABL) has commenced commercial production at its Ethanol plant in Barwaha, Madhya Pradesh, with a capacity of 130 KLPD and an investment of INR 150 crore, aligning with its commitment to clean energy solutions. The plant will supply high-quality Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) for AABL's IMFL products and other bottlers, contributing to the company's robust H1 FY24 performance with a revenue of INR 3,266 million and an EBITDA of INR 379 million.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over 150 preserved stumps around five Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene archaeological campsites (12,800 to 11,200 cal BP) show that trees were key features in the creation of everyday habitats for the first inhabitants of the Atacama Desert. At two of these sites, QM12 and QM35, the spatial and chronological correlation between trees and hearths reveals that people located their homes under the tree canopy. At residential site QM35, artifact distribution coincides with a grove dated to ~11,600 to 11,200 cal BP. A third residential area (QM32) occurred along the grove margins ~12,000 to 11,200 cal BP. Based on the distinct cultural material of these two camps, we propose that two different groups intermittently shared this rich wetland-grove environment. The tree taxa suggest a preference for the native Schinus molle, a tree scarcely present on the landscape today, over the endemic, nitrogen-fixing Strombocarpa tamarugo, both for toolmaking and firewood and even though the S. tamarugo was locally more abundant. Together with the spatial and chronological coincidence of campsites, hearths, and trees, we propose that people spared the most abundant and resilient species to create their homes, in turn promoting fertility oases amid the Atacama's hyperaridity.",
+        "output": "The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.",
-        "output": "Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.",
+        "input": "Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America's Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald, and Professional Boatbuilder, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen's account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson's book The Ethics of Technology (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a moral map.",
+        "output": "Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance Modifier 22 is a mechanism designed for surgeons to identify cases that are more complex than their Current Procedural Terminology code accounts for. However, empirical studies of the use and efficacy of modifier 22 are lacking. Objective To assess the use of modifier 22 in common surgical procedures and the association of use with compensation. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Limited Data Set including all Part B carrier and durable medical equipment fee-for-service claims. Claims for 10 common surgical procedures were evaluated, including mastectomy, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, laparoscopic right colectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, kidney transplant, laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lumbar laminectomy. Data were analyzed from August to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate of modifier 22 use, rate of claim denial, mean charges, mean payment for accepted claims, and mean payment for all claims. Results The sample included 625 316 surgical procedures performed in calendar year 2021. The proportion of modifier 22 coding for a procedure ranged from 5725 of 251 521 (2.3%) in total knee arthroplasty to 1566 of 18 459 (8.5%) in laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Submitted charges were 11.1% (95% CI, 9.1-13.2) to 22.8% (95% CI, 21.3-24.3) higher for claims with modifier 22, depending on the procedure. Among accepted claims, those with modifier 22 had increased payments ranging from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7-1.0) to 4.8% (95% CI, 4.5-5.1). However, claims with modifier 22 were more likely to be denied (7.4% vs 4.0%; P < .001). As a result, overall mean payments were mixed, with 4 procedures having lower payments when modifier 22 was appended, 4 procedures having higher payments with modifier 22, and 2 procedures with no difference. The largest increase in mean payment for modifier 22 claims was for kidney transplant with an increased payment of $71.46 (95% CI, 55.32-87.60), which translates to a relative increase of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.9-4.6). Conclusions and Relevance The findings in this study suggest that modifier 22 had little to no financial benefit when appended to claims for a diverse panel of surgical procedures. In the current system, surgeons have little reason to request modifier 22, and no mechanisms currently exist for surgeons to recoup payment for difficult operations.",
-        "output": "Modifier 22 Use in Fee-for-Service Medicare",
+        "input": "Cattle domestication and subsequent spread caused unprecedented biological, economic, ecological and social transformations in human history. Cyprus was one of the first places domestic taurine cattle were transported to outside of their core domestication region, making it a hotspot in which to investigate cattle acclimatisation and management practices. Accumulated archaeological, iconographic and zooarchaeological evidence has shed much light on the economic and socio-ideological significance of cattle in prehistoric Cypriot society, particularly from the Early Bronze Age onwards. However, little information exists on the mechanisms through which prehistoric cattle breeders experimented with this new, large, multifunctional and symbolically potent animal. Here, we use an integrated approach that combines zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data to reconstruct human-cattle interactions and cattle management in an island context. Stable carbon (delta 13C) and oxygen (delta 18O) isotopes were applied to a small sample (n = 16) of cattle (Bos sp.) and goat (Capra hircus) teeth from three key sites, spanning the Pre-pottery Neolithic B to the Middle Bronze Age. The results highlight discrepancies in patterns of isotopic variation between Bronze Age goat and cattle, likely reflecting differences in mobility and the more intensive management of cattle through the provision of fodder. Additionally, we observe differences in the isotope values of cattle through time (Neolithic vs. Bronze Age) and space (upland versus inland), which might be related to local resource availability as well as alterations in climate and environment. In spite of the small sample size, this current work highlights the potential of integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data for addressing questions relevant to animal husbandry practices during key archaeological periods in Cyprus and beyond, inviting future research on the topic.",
+        "output": "Human-cattle interactions in PPNB and Early/Middle Bronze Age Cyprus! integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotope data",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Novel medical devices must conform to medical device regulation (MDR) for European market entry. Likewise, chemicals must comply with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh) regulation. Both pose regulatory challenges for manufacturers, but concordantly provide an approach for transferring data from an already registered device or compound to the one undergoing accreditation. This is called equivalence for medical devices and read-across for chemicals. Although read-across is not explicitly prohibited in the process of medical device accreditation, it is usually not performed due to a lack of guidance and acceptance criteria from the authorities. Nonetheless, a scientifically justified read-across of material-based endpoints, as well as toxicological assessment of chemical aspects, such as extractables and leachables, can prevent failure of MDR device equivalence if data is lacking. Further, read-across, if applied correctly can facilitate the standard MDR conformity assessment. The need for read-across within medical device registration should let authorities to reconsider device accreditation and the formulation of respective guidance documents. Acceptance criteria like in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) read-across assessment framework (RAAF) are needed. This can reduce the impact of the MDR and help with keeping high European innovation device rate, beneficial for medical device patients.",
-        "output": "Is read-across for chemicals comparable to medical device equivalence and where to use it for conformity assessment?",
+        "input": "Prior to this work, no Palaeolithic field survey had been conducted in the central region of the northern Iranian Central Desert. This article is the first account of the presence of Pleistocene hominins in Eyvanekey, Semnan Province, and reports the recovery of lithics that date to at least the Middle Palaeolithic.",
+        "output": "Evidence of Pleistocene hominin landscapes in Eyvanekey, Iran, and implications for the Northern Dispersal Corridor",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This comprehensive review explores the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although AF is considered a common adverse event post PFO closure, its incidence, estimated at <5%, varies based on monitoring methods. The review delves into the challenging task of precisely estimating AF incidence, given subclinical AF and diverse diagnostic approaches. Notably, a temporal pattern emerges, with peak incidence around the 14th day after closure and a subsequent decline after the 45th day, mimicking general population AF trends. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind post PFO closure AF remain elusive, with proposed factors including local irritation, device-related interference, tissue stretch, and nickel hypersensitivity. Management considerations encompass rhythm control, with flecainide showing promise, and anticoagulation tailored to individual risk profiles. The authors advocate for a personalized approach, weighing factors like age, comorbidities, and device characteristics. Notably, postclosure AF is generally considered benign, often resolving spontaneously within 45days, minimizing thromboembolic risks. Further studies are required to refine understanding and provide evidence-based guidelines.",
-        "output": "Atrial Fibrillation After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Management.",
+        "input": "In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over 150 preserved stumps around five Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene archaeological campsites (12,800 to 11,200 cal BP) show that trees were key features in the creation of everyday habitats for the first inhabitants of the Atacama Desert. At two of these sites, QM12 and QM35, the spatial and chronological correlation between trees and hearths reveals that people located their homes under the tree canopy. At residential site QM35, artifact distribution coincides with a grove dated to ~11,600 to 11,200 cal BP. A third residential area (QM32) occurred along the grove margins ~12,000 to 11,200 cal BP. Based on the distinct cultural material of these two camps, we propose that two different groups intermittently shared this rich wetland-grove environment. The tree taxa suggest a preference for the native Schinus molle, a tree scarcely present on the landscape today, over the endemic, nitrogen-fixing Strombocarpa tamarugo, both for toolmaking and firewood and even though the S. tamarugo was locally more abundant. Together with the spatial and chronological coincidence of campsites, hearths, and trees, we propose that people spared the most abundant and resilient species to create their homes, in turn promoting fertility oases amid the Atacama's hyperaridity.",
+        "output": "The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "When it comes to ServiceNow (NYSE:NOW), \"the beat should go on,\" according to Evercore ISI analysts on Wednesday, who raised the firm's price target for the company's shares to $800 from $725, maintaining an Outperform rating on the stock. While NOW shares have risen since the company's F3Q results and investors may need a little patience in the immediate near-term, Evercore ISI believes their partner survey, which includes thoughts from 15 large ServiceNow partners, \"helps illustrate why estimates should have an upward bias in 2024 and highlights the potential upside from the Pro+ SKU.\"The survey included 15 large partners, including six \"global elite\" partners, with Evercore ISI feeling the results point to the momentum ServiceNow is seeing in the market.\"As it relates to F4Q results, we expect NOW to deliver some modest upside to our/Street estimates of $2.4bn/$2.4bn in revenue and CRPO growth of ~20.5% (21% in c/c),\" said the analysts. \"While we expect NOW's initial FY24 estimates will likely bracket our/Street estimates of ~21% subscription revenue growth and F1Q CRPO of 20-21% (including a slight drag from lower duration), we anticipate that a 'beat/bracket' quarter that leaves room for upside over the course of 2024 will be 'good enough' to support shares near current levels,\" they added.",
-        "output": "Evercore ISI raised ServiceNow's price target to $800, citing a partner survey indicating momentum and potential upside from the Pro+ SKU, expecting modest upside in F4Q results and a \"beat/bracket\" quarter that supports current share levels.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Poiene & scedil;ti-Luca & scedil;euca-culture (late 3(rd) to second half of the 1(st) century BC), which is distributed in the forest steppe between the east Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniestr, is seen as the result of an immigration of groups from the Jastorf area in North-East Germany. This concept is based on cemeteries: both the form of the grave4s and their material culture (ceramics, jewellery, costume) are foreign in the area, but show clear connections to the North and the North-West. Up to now large settlement excavations are missing that would allow for an evaluation of that concept based on settlement and economic structures as well as on the material culture of everyday life. The project that is presented here with first results, aims to that desideratum. With surveys and test excavations as a starting point on different sites in Central part of Republic of Moldova, the authors are excavating the Poienesti-Lucaseuca settlement of Ivancea-Sub Padure on a large scale. The project is funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The paper presents first results like different post buildings and pit dwellings, the spectrum of small finds and a selection of the numerous ceramics including greek imports, and discusses the connectivity that becomes visible. The post buildings have no regional parallels and seem to have the best parallels in the Northwest. In opposite to that the small finds show a broad entanglement especially to the south and West and thus contradict the evidence from the grave. Also, in opposite to the graves the settlement ceramics show clear regional traditions, bus also relations to the North and the Northeast.",
+        "output": "Beyond cemeteries - excavation of a settlement of Poienesti-Lucaseuca Culture in Ivancea, Republic of Moldova",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The nonrandom association between landscape characteristics and the dominant life history strategies observed in species pools is a typical pattern in nature. Here, we argue that these associations determine predictable changes in the relative importance of assembly mechanisms along broadscale geographic gradients (i.e., the geographic context of metacommunity dynamics). To demonstrate that, we employed simulation models in which groups of species with the same initial distribution of niche breadths and dispersal abilities interacted across a wide range of landscapes with contrasting characteristics. By assessing the traits of dominant species in the species pool in each landscape type, we determined how different landscape characteristics select for different life history strategies at the metacommunity level. We analyzed the simulated data using the same analytical approaches used in the study of empirical metacommunities to derive predictions about the causal relationships between landscape characteristics and dominant life histories in species pools, as well as their reciprocal influence on empirical inferences regarding the assembly process. We provide empirical support for these predictions by contrasting the assembly of moth metacommunities in a tropical versus a temperate mountainous landscape. Together, our model framework and empirical analyses demonstrate how the geographic context of metacommunities influences our understanding of community assembly across broadscale ecological gradients.",
-        "output": "The Geography of Metacommunities: Landscape Characteristics Drive Geographic Variation in the Assembly Process through Selecting Species Pool Attributes",
+        "input": "Pesticides and fertilisers are frequently used and may co-exist on farmlands. The overfertilisation of soil may have a profound influence on pesticide residues, but the mechanism remains unclear. The effects of chemical fertilisers on the environmental behaviour of atrazine and their underlying mechanisms were investigated. The present outcomes indicated that the degradation of atrazine was inhibited and the half-life was prolonged 6.0 and 7.6 times by urea and compound fertilisers (NPK) at 1.0mg/g (nitrogen content), respectively. This result, which was confirmed in both sterilised and transfected soils, was attributed to the inhibitory effect of nitrogen fertilisers on soil microorganisms. The abundance of soil bacteria was inhibited by nitrogen fertilisers, and five families of potential atrazine degraders (Micrococcaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Bryobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae) were strongly and positively (R >0.8, sig <0.05) related to the decreased functional genes (atzA and trzN), which inhibited hydroxylation metabolism and ultimately increased the half-life of atrazine. In addition, nitrogen fertilisers decreased the sorption and vertical migration behaviour of atrazine in sandy loam might increase the in-situ residual and ecological risk. Our findings verified the weakened atrazine degradation with nitrogen fertilisers, providing new insights into the potential risks and mechanisms of atrazine in the context of overfertilisation.",
+        "output": "Nitrogen fertiliser-domesticated microbes change the persistence and metabolic profile of atrazine in soil.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BRUSSELS - The European Commission is set to evaluate Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT)'s significant investment in artificial intelligence company OpenAI, focusing on the potential consequences for competition within the digital market. In an effort to ensure fair play in the rapidly advancing AI sector, the Commission has opened the floor to stakeholders, seeking their input on the matter.This scrutiny comes as the EU seeks to maintain a balanced competitive environment, especially in high-impact sectors like artificial intelligence. Microsoft, which has secured a non-voting position on OpenAI's board without claiming ownership, will see its deal examined under the EU's merger control rules.The European Commission has set a deadline of March 11 for interested parties to submit their feedback on the investment's implications for AI competition. This move underscores the EU's proactive approach in regulating tech giants and their investments, ensuring that their market power does not stifle innovation or competition.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The European Commission is evaluating Microsoft's investment in OpenAI, focusing on potential competition consequences in the digital market, with a deadline of March 11 for stakeholder feedback. This scrutiny aims to ensure fair play in the rapidly advancing AI sector.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Among the numerous studies on physical activity and sleep disorders, few have focused on physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged people who are particularly stressed. A restricted cubic web (RCS) technique was applied to determine whether physical activity and the self-rated prevalence of sleep disorders exhibit a dose-response relationship in middle-aged adults.METHODS: This study analyzed 8880 middle-aged adults aged 40-65 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults. Thereafter, the dose-response connection was examined using RCS.RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with MET values in the first quartile (Q1) had odds ratios (OR) for sleep disturbance of 0.851 (95% CI=0.745-0.973), 0.800 (95% CI=0.698-0.917), and 0.780 (95% CI=0.680-0.895) compared to subjects with MET values in the second, third, and fourth quartiles respectively. RCS regression showed a non-linear association between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults (non-linearity P=0.0382). Furthermore, the prevalence of sleep disorders in middle-aged adults decreased with increasing physical activity, reaching a minimum when weekly physical activity was around 166.27MET*h (OR=0.885, 95% CI=0.799-0.981).CONCLUSION: Our research demonstrates that physical activity was negatively associated with sleep disorders.",
+        "output": "Association between sleep disorders and physical activity in middle-aged Americans: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article proposes an adaptive nonlinear control strategy to eliminate the instability problem of buck converters in dc microgrids (DCMG) considering constant power load (CPL). The strategy includes an Adaptive Passivity-Based Controller (PBC) and an Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF). The proposed AEKF performs faster and more accurately than the conventional EKF and adjusts the covariance matrices adaptively. Furthermore, this AEKF directly estimates the unknown CPL power supplied by the converter and prevents the number of measurement sensors from increasing. Hence, PBC ensures system stability alongside AEKF. The controller guarantees Lyapunov stability and fast dynamic response in the presence of uncertainties and perturbations compared to other nonlinear methods. MATLAB simulations and laboratory implementation are provided to confirm the performance and robustness of the proposed control strategy and validate the analysis.",
-        "output": "An Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter With Passivity-Based Control for DC-DC Converter in DC Microgrids Supplying Constant Power Loads",
+        "input": "Pictographs, and the landscape formations they are featured upon, are culturally significant places among Indigenous communities. Here, we present the results of a field survey and compositional analysis of pictographs and the mineral pigments used to produce them at Babine Lake (British Columbia), in the traditional territory claimed by the Lake Babine Nation, the Tl'azt'en Nation, and the Yekooche Nation. The monochrome motifs are produced with iron oxide mineral pigments (red ochre), and are all painted on prominent, open-air rock faces overlooking deep water. This study also includes collection and analysis of red ochre pigment sources within the area for comparison to the pictographs. Using a series of microanalytical methods applied to the local raw materials and rock art paints, we offer insights into characteristics of pigment materiality, such as artistic selection of minerals with different physicochemical properties and the chaine operatoire of paint preparation. Our results show that rock art painters active at Babine Lake chose a diversity of iron oxide types to produce different pigment mixtures with distinctive properties, including the harvesting and thermal enhancement of iron-rich biominerals from colonies of aquatic, iron-oxide-producing bacteria.",
+        "output": "Materials science insights into Indigenous rock art painters and ochre pigment materiality at Babine Lake, Canada",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study analyzes the relation between utterances and human activities with a view to determining how and under what conditions discourse-initial verbless utterances can be considered pragmatically, semantically, and grammatically complete. The study is empirically based on a set of observations of discourse-intital action-guiding verbless speech acts, which for a large part have been observed in a cognitive ethnographic field study of the activity of gliding. Using the concept of illocutionary acts and ecological value theory as an overarching framework, the analysis shows how discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials are enabled and constrained by the activity, i.e. the lawful constraints, the available affordances, the information that specify affordances, and the values that guide the activity. The analysis shows that a discourse-initial action-guiding subsentential is a response to a present or emerging discrepancy between the state of variation a current action causes and the state of variation that the values that guide the activity requires. The conventional effect and the contextual conditions for the effect of discourse-initial actionguiding subsententials is specified and provide the criteria for what constitutes a meaningful unit and thus also the criteria for semantic completeness. The semantic structure of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials is identified as a specification. On the basis of this semantic analysis, the grammatical patterns that realize this semantic unit is identified. It is a single-word focus construction. Based on this grammatical analysis, another more complex grammatical construction that realizes two communicative tasks is identified: a specification of an affordance and an indication of the condition for rightness of the action possibility. It is argued that this combination of communicative tasks is conducive to the performance of activities, and hence, may exert a functional pressure on the conventionalization of grammatical construction. In this way, it is shown how subsentential constructions can emerge from non-conversational, practical activities. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",
-        "output": "A little less conversation - On the completeness of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials",
+        "input": "This survey study examines physician views toward private equity investment in health care.",
+        "output": "Physician Perspectives on Private Equity Investment in Health Care",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 Japan equities were lower at the close on Tuesday, as losses in the Transportation Equipment, Services and Glass sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 lost 0.66%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Nikkei 225 were  Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.  (TYO:6703), which rose 3.70% or 37.00 points to trade at 1,036.00 at the close.  Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd.  (TYO:9107) added 2.81% or 200.00 points to end at 7,321.00 and  Nippon Yusen K.K  (TYO:9101) was up 2.69% or 132.00 points to 5,042.00 in late trade.Biggest losers included  Toho Co., Ltd.  (TYO:9602), which lost 3.81% or 191.00 points to trade at 4,821.00 in late trade.  Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.  (TYO:7912) declined 3.47% or 153.00 points to end at 4,254.00 and  Mitsubishi Materials Corp.  (TYO:5711) shed 3.40% or 90.00 points to 2,553.50.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 2723 to 951 and 212 ended unchanged on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The Nikkei Volatility, which measures the implied volatility of Nikkei 225 options, was up 0.31% to 22.47 a new 1-month high.In commodities trading, Crude oil for March delivery was down 0.19% or 0.14 to $72.47 a barrel. Meanwhile, Brent oil for delivery in March fell 0.08% or 0.06 to hit $78.09 a barrel, while the February Gold Futures contract fell 0.30% or 6.10 to trade at $2,052.90 a troy ounce.USD/JPY was up 0.28% to 146.13, while EUR/JPY fell 0.01% to 159.57.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.33% at 102.66.",
-        "output": "The Nikkei 225 fell 0.66% on Tuesday, led by losses in the Transportation Equipment, Services, and Glass sectors. The biggest gainers were Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. (3.70%), Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd. (2.81%), and Nippon Yusen K.K (2.69%), while the biggest losers were Toho Co., Ltd. (3.81%), Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (3.47%), and Mitsubishi Materials Corp. (3.40%).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper addresses the preservation approach chosen for a selected group of born-digital artworks connected to the web, here categorized under the term internet art. The three first cases that are part of the project Infrastructuur Duurzame Toegankelijkheid Digitale Kunst (Collaborative Infrastructure for Sustainable Access to Digital Art) researched by LIMA (a platform for media art based in Amsterdam) focused on how to analyse internet artworks. This case study-based research was conducted in collaboration with 16 collecting institutions based in The Netherlands. The growing number of internet artworks in collections has pushed the development of preservation initiatives that consider these works' fleeting nature, a consequence of their technical build and time-sensitive characteristics. The project aims to produce and share knowledge for these artworks' preservation and overall sustainability while making it available for other similar works. This paper addresses the research steps while assessing its rationale and utility. It starts by describing the case study and assesses how the methodology serves conservation standards. The paper documents an overall evaluation of methods and results, pointing out the applicability and practical relevance of this initiative, here evaluated with positive conclusions. This paper fits the project's mission concerning knowledge sharing and raising awareness for the preservation of internet artworks and is authored by a short-term PhD fellow at LIMA.",
+        "output": "Collaborating for Sustainable Access to Digital Art: A Project Overview",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) The Delhi High Court on Tuesday overturned a previous decision and ruled in favour of PepsiCo (NASDAQ:PEP), allowing the company to claim a patent for the potato variety exclusively grown for its Lay's potato chips.A division bench set aside a July 2023 order that had upheld the revocation of the patent by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights (PPVFR) Authority in 2021.It dismissed the contentions of farmers' rights activist Kavitha Kuruganti, who argued that PepsiCo should not be granted a patent over a seed variety for the potato.\"The appeal of PepsiCo is allowed\", it said, setting set aside the Authority's order and letter, and directing the restoration of PepsiCo's renewal application to be handled by the Registrar in accordance with the law.The court also rejected Kuruganti's concerns that PepsiCo, through various lawsuits against farmers, was acting against public interest. It stated that the respondent failed to prove that the lawsuits were vexatious or part of predatory tactics by PepsiCo.In 2019, PepsiCo had sued Indian farmers for cultivating the FC5 potato variety, alleging patent infringement. The company later withdrew the suit, but in December 2021, the PPV&FR revoked its varietal registration certificate.--IANSspr/vd",
-        "output": "The Delhi High Court overturned a previous decision and ruled in favor of PepsiCo, allowing the company to claim a patent for the potato variety exclusively grown for its Lay's potato chips, dismissing concerns that PepsiCo's lawsuits against farmers were acting against public interest.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Individuals deceive themselves about a wide variety of subjects. In fortunate circumstances, where those who manage to leave self-deception embrace reality, an interesting phenomenon occurs: the formerly self-deceived often confess to having 'known [the truth] all along'. These post-self-deception judgments are not conceptually innocuous; if genuine, they call into question the core feature of prominent theories of self-deception, namely that self-deceived individuals do not believe the unwelcome truth. In this paper I argue that post-self-deception judgments do not track a belief, but rather a suspicion of the unwelcome truth. I do this by showing that post-self-deception judgments are themselves instances of self-deception where the individual is self-deceived that they believed the unwelcome truth. I then suggest that the motivational cause of the self-deceit is hindsight bias, specifically the kind known as foreseeability, and that as a result, post-self-deception judgments are not reliable because they do not accurately track previous self-deceptive experiences.",
+        "output": "'I knew all along': making sense of post-self-deception judgments",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Flowslides are rapid gravity-driven flows of sediment-water mixture that typically occur following slope failures in soils, tailings, and municipal solid wastes, but the progressive state transition during the evolution of flowslides is still unclear. In this study, a practical method which couples elastic-plastic constitutive equations and Bingham fluid equations by a progressive transition criterion is developed within the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The elastic-plastic constitutive equations describe the mechanical behavior at a solid-like state and that at a fluid-like state is described by Bingham fluid equations. The progressive state transition can be described by a transition factor, which is governed by the degree of saturation and shear strain rate according to the experimental data. Transient seepage flow is also introduced into the SPH framework to describe the effect of water content on the evolution of flowslides. An infiltration boundary method based on ghost particles and smooth function symmetry is proposed to precisely model the rainfall infiltration process. The experimental data of ring shear tests and flume test are adopted to successfully verify the performance of the method, which can reasonably simulate the complicated solid-fluid transition processes. The method is further applied to simulate a full scale catastrophic flowslide at Payatas Landfill. As the overlying pressure on the slip surface increases, the material reaches the yield state. During the postfailure stage, the material at the slip surface first changes into an elastic-plastic state, and then partially transforms into a fluid-like state, leading to the large deformation of the failure material. The proposed method can contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of flowslides and is an applicable tool for hazard assessment.",
-        "output": "Numerical Simulation of Flowslide Considering Transient Seepage Flow and Progressive State Transition",
+        "input": "I argue that there is tension in Wittgenstein's position on trivialities (i.e. tautologies and contradictions) in the Tractatus, as it contains the following claims: (A) sentences are pictures; (B) trivialties are not pictures; (C) trivialities are sentences. A and B follow from the picture theory of language which Wittgenstein proposes, while C contradicts it. I discuss a way to resolve this tension in light of Logicality, a hypothesis recently developed in linguistic research. Logicality states that trivialities are excluded by the grammar, and that under the right analysis sentences which look trivial are in fact contingent. The tools necessary to support Logicality, I submit, were not available to Wittgenstein at the time, which explains his commitment to C. I end the paper by commenting on some points of contact between analytic philosophy and the generative enterprise in linguistics which are brought into relief by the discussion.",
+        "output": "Logicality and the picture theory of language",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A growing literature finds that the way governments are organized can impact the societies they serve in important ways. The same is apparent with respect to civil service organizations. Numerous studies show that the recruitment of civil servants based on their credentials rather than on nepotism or patronage reduces corruption in government. Political corruption in turn appears to harm population health. Up to this time, however, civil service organization is not a recognized determinant of health and is little discussed outside of political science disciplines. To provoke a broader conversation on this subject, the following study proposes that meritocratic recruitment of civil servants improves population health. To test this proposition, a series of regression models examines comparative data for 118 countries. Consistent with study hypotheses, meritocratic recruitment of civil servants corresponds longitudinally with both lower rates of corruption and lower rates of infant mortality. Results are similar after robustness checks. Findings with regard to life expectancy are more mixed. However, additional tests suggest meritocratic recruitment contributes to life expectancy over a longer span of time. Findings also offer more support for a direct pathway from meritocratic recruitment to population health rather than via changes in corruption levels per se, although this may depend on a country's level of economic development. Overall, this study offers first evidence that civil service organization, particularly the recruitment of civil servants based on the merits of their applications rather than on whom they happen to know in government, is a positive determinant of health. More research in this area is needed.",
-        "output": "Civil service organization as a political determinant of health: Analyzing relationships between merit-based hiring, corruption, and population health.",
+        "input": "Introduction Robust digital and community-led approaches are needed to combat health misinformation, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such gaps in public health outreach, compounded by systemic health barriers, contributed to higher rates of COVID-19 infection, mortality, and mental health effects among Hispanics during the peak of the pandemic. Thus, we conducted a community-based art-meets-health intervention [Stay Connected Los Angeles (SCLA)] to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hispanic communities.Methods Led by local artists in collaboration with public health specialists and community members, SCLA used multimedia to promote infection mitigation behaviors and psychological well-being among the 120,000 residents of Eastern Los Angeles. Campaign materials were designed with input from community representatives and included digital media, large-scale murals, and comic-book style pieces. Two semi-structured focus groups (one in English and another in Spanish) were conducted to solicit participants' views on attributes of the campaign. Independent coders analyzed transcripts and applied thematic analysis to summarize key learnings regarding central health and mitigation messages, media modalities, how health information would be communicated, and the ideal spokespersons for delivering health-related messages.Results Focus group participants emphasized the effectiveness of social media, GIFs, and references to popular media. Further, youth involvement in the creative process was deemed to be important. Participants highlighted the need for clarity in public health messaging and adaptation of visual campaigns to the preferences of diverse age groups through different art styles. Finally, community leaders were found to be critical health information sources.Discussion As a model of a culturally tailored arts-meets health public education campaign, SCLA yielded valuable information on how to structure future public health messaging and media to create a meaningful improvement in health knowledge, mental well-being, and compliance with mitigation behaviors in communities that are often overlooked. Contributions from local artists can heighten appeal and acceptability of messages.",
+        "output": "From art to health action: lessons from a community-based, culturally tailored arts-meets-health educational campaign in Hispanic communities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DAVOS - Amid rising geopolitical tensions, JPMorgan (NYSE:JPM) disclosed today at the World Economic Forum in Davos that it faces a staggering 45 billion hacking attempts on a daily basis. This revelation underscores the escalating cybersecurity challenges confronting global financial institutions.In response to the pervasive threat, JPMorgan is channeling a significant $15 billion each year into technology advancements, with the aim of bolstering its defenses against these relentless cyber-attacks. The bank's commitment to cybersecurity is further evidenced by its employment of a robust team of 62,000 technologists, dedicated to safeguarding the institution's digital infrastructure.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Amidst geopolitical tensions, JPMorgan faces 45 billion hacking attempts daily, prompting a $15 billion annual investment in cybersecurity and a team of 62,000 technologists to protect its digital infrastructure.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "To improve robot relocalization accuracy in both static and dynamic environments, we introduce a novel network, FusedNet, which incorporates a cross-attention to fuse global and local image features for end-to-end relocalization. This approach relies solely on a monocular camera sensor that is fixed on the mobile robot, and directly predicts the absolute pose from the input RGB image. Additionally, we have collected a mobile robot relocalization dataset, termed moBotReloc, consisting of dynamic large-scale scenes, using the Unity 3D simulation platform and a real mobile robot. Through extensive experiments on 7Scenes and moBotReloc, we demonstrate that FusedNet achieves significant accuracy in 6-DoF camera relocalization in static scenes, and exhibits superior relocalization performance in dynamic large-scale scenes for mobile robot applications, outperforming existing end-to-end methods that rely solely on a single global or local feature.",
+        "output": "FusedNet: End-to-End Mobile Robot Relocalization in Dynamic Large-Scale Scene",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chennai, Jan 12 (IANS) With awareness about Lakshadweep as a tourist destination increasing among people after Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit and derogatory remarks by three Maldivian ministers, cruise player Waterways Tourism Private Ltd is having a positive rub off effect. The company operating the Cordelia Cruises to Lakshadweep since 2021 said there has been a 2,500 per cent surge in booking enquiries.Since 2021, Cordelia Cruises has been the only cruise line operating to Lakshadweep and has carried over 2 lakh Indians from Mumbai, Goa, and Kochi to the island now in news.\"Over 80,000 guests cruise every year to explore Lakshadweep's rich tapestry, vibrant marine life, and stunning landscapes through our cruises, significantly boosting the local economy,\" Waterways Leisure Tourism said.\"We have witnessed a remarkable interest for Lakshadweep cruises, particularly the 4-night and 5-night itineraries from Mumbai, which echoes the public's enthusiasm for exploring this idyllic destination,\" Jurgen Bailom, President and CEO of Waterways Leisure Tourism said.--IANSvj/pgh",
-        "output": "Waterways Tourism Private Ltd has witnessed a 2,500% surge in booking enquiries for Lakshadweep cruises after Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit and derogatory remarks by Maldivian ministers, as awareness about Lakshadweep as a tourist destination has increased.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper examines rituals of gift exchange in the North Indian state of Awadh in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. It draws parallels between the gifting practices of the Nawabs and the English East India Company and examines how specific objects were selected to perform the role of gifts. It explores the practice of gift exchange where objects emerged as sites on which power was asserted, subverted and contested. In studying gifts, the aim is to delve into the institutional and ceremonial significance attributed to objects which made them the site of diplomatic encounters. The range of objects that were brought within the lexicon of gifts, and the power struggles that marked this process, inform the discussion. In exploring these themes, the paper addresses the larger question of how objects were imagined by political powers and the multiple ways in which meanings were added onto and erased from objects over the course of their circulation as gifts.",
+        "output": "The Object as Gift: Practices of Gift Exchange in Awadh in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Soil is a complex material that exhibits both spatial variability and anisotropy. For simplicity, the traditional approach for analyzing slope stability often assumes that soil is homogeneous or isotropic, which can lead to an overestimation of slope stability and reliability. To address this issue, a novel approach is proposed in this study that uses an anisotropic yield criterion based on the random finite-element method to evaluate the influence of strength anisotropy on slope stability, while accounting for the influence of spatial variability on reliability. The proposed approach is applied to a typical case of slope reliability analysis. It is shown that the results of the proposed approach are consistent with those of previous studies and OPTUM G2 outcomes. The assessment involves determining the safety factors for both homogeneous and anisotropic conditions, while also taking into account the probability of failure in the presence of spatial variability. It is found that strength anisotropy significantly affects slope stability and reliability, as the factor of safety decreases from 1.255 to 1.037 and the probability of failure increases from 3.5% to 52.1% when considering strength anisotropy (n=0.707, xi=11.25 degrees). In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the influence of slope geometric parameters, strength anisotropic parameters, and spatial variability parameters on slope stability and reliability.",
-        "output": "Random Finite-Element Analysis of Slope Considering Strength Anisotropy and Spatial Variability of Soil",
+        "input": "The route and speed of migration into Sahul by Homo sapiens remain a major research question in archaeology. Here, we introduce an approach which models the impact of the physical environment on human mobility by combining time-evolving landscapes with Levy walk foraging patterns, this latter accounting for a combination of short-distance steps and occasional longer moves that hunter-gatherers likely utilised for efficient exploration of new environments. Our results suggest a wave of dispersal radiating across Sahul following riverine corridors and coastlines. Estimated migration speeds, based on archaeological sites and predicted travelled distances, fall within previously reported range from Sahul and other regions. From our mechanistic movement simulations, we then analyse the likelihood of archaeological sites and highlight areas in Australia that hold archaeological potential. Our approach complements existing methods and provides interesting perspectives on the Pleistocene archaeology of Sahul that could be applied to other regions around the world.",
+        "output": "Physiography, foraging mobility, and the first peopling of Sahul.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Australopiths are a group of early human ancestors that lived approximately 4 to 2 million years ago and are considered a key transitional form between apes and humans. Studying australopiths can help to understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of humans and gain insights into the unique adaptations and characteristics that set humans apart from other primates. A bibliometric-based review of publications on australopiths contained in the Scopus database was conducted, analyzing approximately 2000 of them. The main authors, institutions, and countries researching this subject were identified, as well as their future development. The connections between authors, countries, and research topics were also analyzed through the detection of communities. The more frequent keywords in this subject are hominid, animal, human, South Africa, and Australopithecus afarensis. Four main research clusters were identified in the field of australopiths: palaeobiology, cranial evolution, locomotion, and mandible evolution and morphometry. The most important countries in terms of collaboration networks are South Africa, the UK, France, and Germany. Research on australopiths is ongoing, and new research clusters are expected to emerge, such as those focused on pre-australopiths and the molecular evolution and taxonomy of australopiths. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on australopiths and offers insights into the current direction of the field.Les australopithes sont un groupe de premiers ancetres humains qui vivaient il y a environ 4 a 2 millions d'annees et sont consideres comme une forme de transition essentielle entre les singes et les humains. L'etude des australopithes peut aider a comprendre les processus evolutifs qui ont conduit a l'emergence de l'homme et a mieux comprendre les adaptations et les caracteristiques uniques qui distinguent l'homme des autres primates. Une etude bibliometrique des publications sur les australopithes contenues dans la base de donnees Scopus a ete realisee, analysant environ 2000 d'entre elles. Les principaux auteurs, institutions et pays menant des recherches sur ce sujet ont ete identifies, ainsi que leur evolution future. Les liens entre les auteurs, les pays et les sujets de recherche ont egalement ete analyses par la detection de communautes. Les mots-cles les plus frequents dans ce domaine sont hominid, animal, human, South Africa et Australopithecus afarensis. Quatre groupes de recherche principaux ont ete identifies dans le domaine des australopithes: paleobiologie, evolution cranienne, locomotion, et evolution et morphometrie de la mandibule. Les pays les plus importants en termes de reseaux de collaboration sont l'Afrique du Sud, le Royaume-Uni, la France et l'Allemagne. Les recherches sur les australopithes se poursuivent et de nouveaux groupes de recherche devraient voir le jour, comme ceux qui se concentrent sur les pre-australopithes et sur l'evolution moleculaire et la taxonomie des australopithes. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail fournit une vue d'ensemble de l'etat de la recherche sur les australopithes et donne un apercu de l'orientation actuelle.",
-        "output": "Worldwide Research on Australopiths",
+        "input": "This paper demonstrates the utility of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to inform forensic archaeology recovery efforts of missing service members from historic conflict-related aircraft crash sites. This approach is becoming more common and improving recovery strategies by pinpointing potential subsurface anomalies prior to excavation. Two examples of recovery efforts at WWII aircraft crash sites are presented, revealing the diversity of landscape upheaval signatures that result from aircraft impacts. In both situations, the GPR successfully located feature boundaries and identified aviation impacturbation. The landscape signature varied in both cases due to factors including the trajectory and velocity of the aircraft crash and the topography of the impacted landscape. Notably, a 'halo' effect was identified in association with one crash site, revealing the force of the impact on sandy soils. Recognition of these anthropogenic signals is important to promote effective recovery strategies, thus saving time, labour and funds, particularly in historic sites where postincident taphonomic conditions have severely altered the morphology of the landscape.",
+        "output": "Geophysical Methods Reveal Aviation Impacturbation and Inform Forensic Archaeological Recovery of Historic Aircraft Crash Sites",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Reliance Industries on Monday traded sideways and on a sluggish note ahead of its AGM later in the day. Similarly, Bharat Electronics, which received new defence orders worth Rs 3,289 crore, traded flat.Linde India, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Enginers, and Gland Pharma all gained over 2 per cent on Monday. Linde India received acceptance letter from Steel Authority of India for plant installation, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Enginers has signed MOU with DEMPO group, while Gland Pharma received 2 observations in its Hyderabad facility.support of",
-        "output": "Reliance Industries traded sideways ahead of its AGM, while Bharat Electronics remained flat despite receiving new defense orders worth Rs 3,289 crore. Linde India, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Enginers, and Gland Pharma gained over 2% due to positive developments such as plant installation acceptance, MOU signing, and regulatory observations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Since the adoption of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the order founded on the treaty has evolved into an increasingly fragmented regime complex. Fragmentation has resulted from forum-shifting initiated both at the top and at the bottom of the nuclear hierarchy: both the United States, with varying partners, and coalitions of small-and medium-sized non-nuclear states have repeatedly moved rule-making on nuclear issues to fora outside the NPT, adding partly conflicting institutions to the complex. To understand this dynamic, I propose a sociological perspective that highlights states' positional struggles in a multidimensionally stratified international society. Drawing on Bourdieusian global fields theory, I argue that both dominant and weak states use forum-shifting to manipulate exchange rates between different (material, institutional and social) forms of capital they possess. Thus, they seek to protect their positions in global hierarchies within and beyond the nuclear field when they perceive these hierarchies as being challenged by material or institutional power shifts.",
+        "output": "Forum-shifting from above and below: international stratification and the fragmentation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime complex",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 10 (IANS) The financial markets saw a late spurt in buying with both benchmark indices showing good gain - BSE Sensex up 271 points while the Nifty was up 73 points as bellwethers were supported led by RIL. Notably, a significant number of Asian indices are currently hovering near a one-month low.In contrast, the performance of Indian markets has demonstrated remarkable resilience, says Jaykrishna Gandhi, Head - Business Development, Institutional Equities, Emkay Global Financial Services.This is evidenced by the decline of the India VIX from 15.5 levels to below 13, indicating a substantial reduction in volatility expectations.FII flows have been erratic this year with ~50 per cent of the days seeing negative flows.The start of the Q3 earnings season, coupled with uncertainty in the Middle East and the recent increase in Russian aggression should dominate the market news flow in the coming weeks, he said.Vinod Nair, Head of Research, Geojit Financial Services said the weakness in global indices continued to weigh down the domestic indices with every up move.The market is looking for fresh triggers for a direction, and the release of US and Indian inflation data may provide a near-term direction in the market.The investor's focus will be shifted to the earnings season, on a sequential basis, the earnings growth is likely to be lower, while the expectations for auto, capital goods, and cement will remain strong.At closing, the Indian benchmark indices closed on positive note for the third consecutive day. The Sensex was up 271.50 points, or 0.38 per cent, at 71,657.71 at the closing, while the Nifty was up 73.90 points, or 0.34 per cent, at 21,618.70, says Vaibhav Vidwani, Research Analyst, Bonanza Portfolio.--IANSbiz/san/pgh",
-        "output": "Despite global market weakness, Indian markets showed resilience with Sensex and Nifty gaining 271 and 73 points, respectively, supported by bellwethers like RIL. The market is awaiting the start of the Q3 earnings season and the release of US and Indian inflation data for further direction.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Much of the literature on domestic abuse focuses on those in intimate partner relationships or ex-partners, however, in the UK the Home Office definition also includes those in familial relationships. The Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Harassment and Honour-Based Violence Risk Assessment assumes homogeneous risk factors across all relationships. This paper therefore examines the risk factors for repeat victimization of domestic abuse by relationship type between the victim and perpetrator in a UK police force. Using police-recorded domestic abuse incident and crime data, a logistic regression model found that the most similar repeat victimization risk profiles for 14,519 victims were amongst partners and ex-partners, with both relationships demonstrating the greatest degree of gender asymmetry, compared with other familial relationships. Physical violence was the strongest predictor of repeat victimization and was a statistically significant predictor for ex-partners, partners, and all familial relationships. Coercive behaviour was also a significant predictor for all relationships apart from partners, but not at the same magnitude as physical abuse. Recognizing the difference in risk by relationship type may assist the police in deciding the most appropriate response and interventions to reduce the risk of further harm.",
+        "output": "Differentiating risk: The association between relationship type and risk of repeat victimization of domestic abuse",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Training of medical interns at the Middelburg district hospital has been introduced as part of the mandatory 6 months' rotation in Family Medicine department since 2021. This report provides an overview of what has been attained in 2021 and 2022. It covers various aspects of the activities medical interns have been exposed to in the Middelburg hospital and the surrounding primary health care clinics.Contribution:Sharing experiences of family medicine training for medical interns in district hospitals is essential because the 6 months' rotation is new for most family physician trainers, especially those in small hospitals and primary health care clinics. Taking into account the paucity of evidence on the topic, the report brings current information that supports that training medical interns in district hospitals and primary health care clinics prepares them to be comfortable and competent clinicians for the generalist work during the community service year ahead.",
-        "output": "Medical interns' training in family medicine at a district hospital and primary health care clinics in Middelburg, Mpumalanga.",
+        "input": "In this article, I cite oral history narratives donated by people living and working at Safe Outdoor Spaces (SOS)-sanctioned campsites in Denver, Colorado-to propose that SOS sites (which follow a harm reductionist stance, offer physical safety, and are largely staffed by peer navigators) offer a model for oral history making that takes place daily and off the record. As oral history projects contribute to representational belonging in archives and historical records, we might also consider the ways in which oral history making can create a belonging that is lived, inherent, and literal. By framing SOS sites as one possible living model for oral history making, this article demonstrates how oral history might shape not only our future understanding of the past but also the way our society lives in the present.",
+        "output": "Literal Belonging: Safe Outdoor Spaces Modeling Oral History Making",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Goldman Sachs analysts offered their insights into the payments sector's outlook for 2024, focusing on card spend, consumer spending trends, fundamental factors, and expectations for business-to-business (B2B) spending. After a challenging 2023 marked by industry headwinds and underperformance compared to the broader market, Goldman Sachs anticipates that valuations in 2024 may see \u201can upward bias.\u201dHowever, they caution that fundamental dispersion could remain elevated in the coming year. Given consistently weaker discretionary spending and pressure on average transaction sizes, the preference is for companies with idiosyncratic tailwinds driving topline growth or exceeding profitability expectations. In this context, Goldman Sachs identifies   Global Payments   Inc. (NYSE:GPN) as its top pick for large-cap payments.\u201cWe see accelerating EPS growth and a resumption of capital return,\u201d analysts said.Elsewhere, analysts upgraded TOST stock to Buy. Shares moved 1% higher in response.\u201cOur out of consensus call is based on 1) room to take market share, 2) the potential to outperform on better than expected expense mgmt, and 3) attractive valuation vs peers,\u201d analysts concluded.Analysts have a $24 per share price target on TOST stock.",
-        "output": "Goldman Sachs predicts an upward bias in payments sector valuations in 2024, with Global Payments as their top large-cap pick due to accelerating EPS growth and capital return resumption. They also upgraded TOST stock to Buy, citing market share potential, expense management outperformance, and attractive valuation.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeThis study introduces a non-orthodox approach to the dominant policy-based approaches to graduate employability through contextualizing international students' everyday experiences within their educational and wider structural contexts of the labour market.Design/methodology/approachThe study used narrative frames to collect data from 180 international students from China, Hong Kong, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Nepal at a New Zealand tertiary institution. Narrative frames as a research tool in educational contexts are used to ellicit the experiences of individuals in the form of a story as participants reflect on their experience. The frames use sentence starters to draw responses from participants about their experiences (Barkhuizen and Wette, 2008).FindingsThis study argues that, through a socialization process, international students develop identities that fit an ever-changing labour market. This process is catalysed by a higher education landscape that produces career-ready subjects capable of appropriating different social spaces that prepare students and graduates to enter the labour market. Further, it argues that graduate employability should be understood as a complex process through which students and graduates socialise themselves through negotiating the socioacademic spaces by (1) familiarising themselves with the dominant workspace norms, (2) positioning themselves as more career-ready individuals, and (3) imagigining employable selves capable of meeting the needs of the job market.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations. Only one data collection source has been used. It would have been great to use narrative frames along with interviews. In addition, the data would have been stronger if the researcher could have used classroom observations, which could be a future initiative.Practical implicationsThis study could provide practical insights to tertiary institutions about international students' developing capabilities and identities so they could better prepare themselves for the world of work. Further, this study provides insights about some of the challenges that international students face in tertiary contexts to become career-ready. Hence, educators could employ strategies to better support these learners in their everyday learning spaces. This study also has useful benefits for future and current international students and international graduates regarding what investments they need to make so they can better socialize themselves in their tertiary and workplace practices.Social implicationsThis study has social implications. It helps international students better understand the social, cultural and academic expectations of their host countries. Therefore, they could better socialize themselves into those practices and contribute more effectively to their academic and workplace communities. The study also helps academic and workplace institutions strategize more effectively to address the social and cultural needs of international graduates. The study also contributes to the social and cultural understanding of the teachers that engage with international students on a daily basis by helping them devise activities that better address these students' and graduates' needs.Originality/valueThe study adds theoretical and methodological value to the debates around graduate employability. It includes the voices of 180 students and unravels their day-to-day experiences of capability building and employability development from their own perspectives.",
+        "output": "International students' employability: a language socialization perspective",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Obsihir-5 holds some of the earliest evidence for the utilization of livestock in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. However, direct evidence of herding is lacking at the site. Geoarchaeological investigations, including textural, geochemical, mineralogical and micromorphological methods, have focused on the reconstruction of site formation and the search for direct evidence of herding activities. The sedimentary sequence at Obishir-5 has been divided into three facies: (1) SU0-SU1 (Bronze Age and Middle Ages), (2) SU2-SU3 (Obishirian), and (3) SU4-SU5 (Mesolithic/Epipaleolithic). SU1 formed through colluvial processes and was reworked by human and human-related activities. It is likely that these activities included herding and burning. Given the presence of herbivore dung and trampling in the sedimentary record, SU1 could include fumier-style accumulation. SU2-SU3 formed from the accumulation of coarse debris and fine particles originating from colluvial processes, physical weathering, aeolian processes and anthropogenic activity, such as burning. The archaeological material, including bones, charcoal and herbivore dung is intermixed with geogenic sediments and shows evidence of reworking. SU4-SU5 formed from colluvial and aeolian processes with low sedimentation rate. Human activity here was of low intensity and sporadic. The study of the sedimentary record has shown evidence of the use of dung and wood as fuel during the Obishirian period. However, it is not clear whether the sediments represent fumier deposits and therefore herding, as they have been heavily reworked. Nevertheless, the study opens up perspectives for the presence of livestock at the site during the Obishirian occupation. The methodology employed has allowed the reconstruction of the site formation history.",
-        "output": "A site formation history of Obishir-5, the earliest Neolithic site in the Fergana Valley (Kyrgyzstan)",
+        "input": "Small local hospitals have been neglected by historians, and frequently assumed to have been marginal to their communities and largely obsolete by the eighteenth century. This paper questions such assumptions via a case study of Catalonia. It provides the first comprehensive estimates for the number of hospitals over the course of the eighteenth century, and then examines a sample of surviving accounts and other documentation to analyse the extent and nature of care provided. While the quality of care varied and most hospitals were restricted by their income, particularly against a background of war and rising prices, many nevertheless provided considerable care both to transient populations of foundlings and migrants and to their local communities. The paper calls for a re-evaluation of these forms of care in line with the re-evaluation of women's caring work.",
+        "output": "Marginal and Obsolete? Rural Hospitals in Early Modern Europe: A Case Study of Catalonia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN DIEGO -   Qualcomm Inc  . (NASDAQ:QCOM) has experienced a week of mixed stock performance, with a slight decline followed by an uptick as the market anticipates its upcoming earnings report. On Thursday, the company's shares dipped by 0.20%, closing at $139.03. However, they rebounded on Friday with a rise of 0.84%, reaching $140.20 by the market's close.Over the past six months, Qualcomm's stock has demonstrated a robust performance, climbing nearly 13% and surpassing the industry average. This growth comes amid a range of analyst ratings, which currently average out to Overweight. The spectrum of recommendations spans from Sell to Buy, reflecting a diverse set of expectations from market experts. Analysts are forecasting an earnings per share (EPS) of $2.36 for the next quarter, with revenue projections set at $9.49 billion for the current quarter.Qualcomm is on the calendar to report its earnings on January 31, 2024, an event that market participants are watching closely.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Qualcomm's stock experienced a mixed week, with a slight decline followed by an uptick ahead of its upcoming earnings report on January 31, 2024. Over the past six months, the stock has risen nearly 13%, outperforming the industry average and garnering an Overweight analyst rating.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In the last two decades, the analysis of data derived from LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology has dramatically changed the investigation and documentation of past cultural landscapes, sometimes revealing monumental architectures and settlement systems totally unknown before. Despite the exponential uptick of case studies, an extensive review of LiDAR applications in archaeology is so far missing. Here, we present a systematic survey of works published in international journals in 2001-2022, with the aim of providing an annotated bibliography on the theme and collect quantitative information about each case study. Data collected allowed to analyse the geographic distribution of LiDAR-based studies, the specifics of acquisitions, the topography and vegetation cover of each study area, the characteristics of the material culture detected, major goals and integrated techniques. The survey considers 291 studies, of which 167 located in Europe, 104 in the Americas and only 20 between Asia, Middle East, Oceania and Africa. Our analysis shows that the impact of LiDAR in archaeological studies was greater in some areas of Europe and North America, where scholars could rely on the availability of open data provided by the institutions. This is testified by the higher number of both case studies and large-scale projects investigating these regions. It also emerges that LiDAR potential largely depends on the characteristics of the material culture, the vegetation cover and data resolution. These factors underlie the outstanding results achieved through LiDAR in tropical rainforests compared to those obtained in temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean, where the outcropping archaeological evidence, albeit vast and widespread, is generally less preserved and obscured by the dense vegetation of the Mediterranean maquis. We conclude that the increasing availability of LiDAR data over vast areas could lead to enormous advances in the investigation, monitoring and protection of the cultural heritage.",
+        "output": "LiDAR Applications in Archaeology: A Systematic Review",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The challenge of aligning with the net-zero ambitions of the European Union necessitates a critical examination of the road freight transport sector, a pivotal contributor to global commerce and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the sector's potential for electrification to mitigate emissions, the prevailing 'predict and provide' planning approach may inadvertently reduce this low-carbon transition to mere technological substitution, neglecting deeper intrinsic transport issues. This perspective critiques the 'predict and provide' approach and advocates for the adoption of 'sufficiency-oriented planning'. It presents a comprehensive, interconnected approach, challenging not only the technology in use but also the foundational principles of transport demand. Furthermore, it explores the broader implications of this multi-system transition for the energy sector. The perspective consequently underscores the necessity of a paradigm shift in planning for road freight transport electrification for the sector to genuinely contribute to sustainability objectives and not risk diminishing the transformative potential of this transition.",
-        "output": "Beyond predict and provide: Embracing sufficiency synergies in road freight electrification across the European Union",
+        "input": "Reverse zoonotic respiratory diseases threaten great apes across Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies of wild chimpanzees have identified the causative agents of most respiratory disease outbreaks as common cold paediatric human pathogens, but reverse zoonotic transmission pathways have remained unclear. Between May 2019 and August 2021, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 234 children aged 3-11years in communities bordering Kibale National Park, Uganda, and 30 adults who were forest workers and regularly entered the park. We collected 2047 respiratory symptoms surveys to quantify clinical severity and simultaneously collected 1989 nasopharyngeal swabs approximately monthly for multiplex viral diagnostics. Throughout the course of the study, we also collected 445 faecal samples from 55 wild chimpanzees living nearby in Kibale in social groups that have experienced repeated, and sometimes lethal, epidemics of human-origin respiratory viral disease. We characterized respiratory pathogens in each cohort and examined statistical associations between PCR positivity for detected pathogens and potential risk factors. Children exhibited high incidence rates of respiratory infections, whereas incidence rates in adults were far lower. COVID-19 lockdown in 2020-2021 significantly decreased respiratory disease incidence in both people and chimpanzees. Human respiratory infections peaked in June and September, corresponding to when children returned to school. Rhinovirus, which caused a 2013 outbreak that killed 10% of chimpanzees in a Kibale community, was the most prevalent human pathogen throughout the study and the only pathogen present at each monthly sampling, even during COVID-19 lockdown. Rhinovirus was also most likely to be carried asymptomatically by adults. Although we did not detect human respiratory pathogens in the chimpanzees during the cohort study, we detected human metapneumovirus in two chimpanzees from a February 2023 outbreak that were genetically similar to viruses detected in study participants in 2019. Our data suggest that respiratory pathogens circulate in children and that adults become asymptomatically infected during high-transmission times of year. These asymptomatic adults may then unknowingly carry the pathogens into forest and infect chimpanzees. This conclusion, in turn, implies that intervention strategies based on respiratory symptoms in adults are unlikely to be effective for reducing reverse zoonotic transmission of respiratory viruses to chimpanzees.",
+        "output": "Common cold viruses circulating in children threaten wild chimpanzees through asymptomatic adult carriers.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: According to the interpersonal synergy model of spoken dialogue, interlocutors modify their communicative behaviors to meet the contextual demands of a given conversation. Although a growing body of research supports this postulation for linguistic behaviors (e.g., semantics, syntax), little is understood about how this model applies to speech behaviors (e.g., speech rate, pitch). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that interlocutors adjust their speech behaviors across different conversational tasks with different conversational goals.METHOD: In this study, 28 participants each engaged in two different types of conversations (i.e., relational and informational) with two partners (i.e., Partner 1 and Partner 2), yielding a total of 112 conversations. We compared six acoustic measures of participant speech behavior across conversational task and partner.RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant differences between speech feature measures in informational and relational conversations. Furthermore, these findings were generally robust across conversations with different partners.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that contextual demands influence speech behaviors. These findings provide empirical support for the interpersonal synergy model and highlight important considerations for assessing speech behaviors in individuals with communication disorders.",
-        "output": "Conversational Speech Behaviors Are Context Dependent.",
+        "input": "For millennia, healing and psychoactive plants have been part of the medicinal and ceremonial fabric of elaborate rituals and everyday religious practices throughout Mesoamerica. Despite the essential nature of these ritual practices to the societal framework of past cultures, a clear understanding of the ceremonial life of the ancient Maya remains stubbornly elusive. Here we record the discovery of a special ritual deposit, likely wrapped in a bundle, located beneath the end field of a Late Preclassic ballcourt in the Helena complex of the Maya city of Yaxnohcah. This discovery was made possible by the application of environmental DNA technology. Plants identified through this analytical process included Ipomoea corymbosa (xtabentun in Mayan), Capsicum sp. (chili pepper or ic in Mayan), Hampea trilobata (jool), and Oxandra lanceolata (chilcahuite). All four plants have recognized medicinal properties. Two of the plants, jool and chilcahuite, are involved in artifact manufacture that have ceremonial connections while chili peppers and xtabentun have been associated with divination rituals. Xtabentun (known to the Aztecs as ololiuhqui) produces highly efficacious hallucinogenic compounds and is reported here from Maya archaeological contexts for the first time.",
+        "output": "Psychoactive and other ceremonial plants from a 2,000-year-old Maya ritual deposit at Yaxnohcah, Mexico",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Rs 500 crore offer for sale (OFS) by Thomas Cook India was subscribed 2.14 times on Thursday. The 40-million sh\u00ada\u00adre offering saw bids for 85.7 million shares largely from insti\u00adtutional investors. Most of the bids came at Rs 135 as aga\u00adinst the base price of Rs 125. Its shares fell 5 per cent to close at Rs 150 in the sec\u00adondary market trading.BS REPORTERMission1 Investments LLC, a US-based investment firm, has acquired a 23 per cent stake in Shriram Asset Man\u00adage\u00adment Company as a result of debt to equity conversion. The investment firm had infused Rs 37 crore into the AMC\u00a0 to reignite the mutual fund business in February 2022,the AMC said.BS REPORTER",
-        "output": "Thomas Cook India's Rs 500 crore OFS was subscribed 2.14 times, with bids primarily from institutional investors at Rs 135 per share, while Mission1 Investments LLC acquired a 23% stake in Shriram Asset Management Company through debt-to-equity conversion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and is considered to be an emerging, globally concerning pollutant. The genus Streptomyces holds promise as a degrader of various organic pollutants, but PAE biodegradation mechanisms by Streptomyces species remain unsolved. In this study, a novel PAE-degrading Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats efficiently degraded various PAEs. FZ201 had strong resilience against DBP and exhibited immediate degradation, with kinetics adhering to a first-order model. The comprehensive biodegradation of DBP involves de-esterification, beta-oxidation, trans-esterification, and aromatic ring cleavage. FZ201 contains numerous catabolic genes that potentially facilitate PAE biodegradation. The DBP metabolic pathway was reconstructed by genome annotation and intermediate identification. Streptomyces species have an open pangenome with substantial genome expansion events during the evolutionary process, enabling extensive genetic diversity and highly plastic genomes within the Streptomyces genus. FZ201 had a diverse array of highly expressed genes associated with the degradation of PAEs, potentially contributing significantly to its adaptive advantage and efficiency of PAE degradation. Thus, FZ201 is a promising candidate for remediating highly PAE-contaminated environments. These findings enhance our preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by Streptomyces for the removal of PAEs.",
+        "output": "Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters and whole-genome analysis of a novel Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.",
-        "output": "Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research",
+        "input": "Hofweber (Ontology and the ambitions of metaphysics, Oxford University Press, 2016) argues for a thesis he calls internalism with respect to natural number discourse: no expressions purporting to refer to natural numbers in fact refer, and no apparent quantification over natural numbers actually involves quantification over natural numbers as objects. He argues that while internalism leaves open the question of whether other kinds of abstracta exist, it precludes the existence of natural numbers, thus establishing what he calls restricted nominalism about natural numbers. We argue that Hofweber's internalism fails to establish restricted nominalism. Not only is his primary argument for restricted nominalism invalid, the analysis of quantification proposed threatens to collapse internalism into either a traditional form of error theory or realism.",
+        "output": "Restricted nominalism about number and its problems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Passenger vehicles have significant environmental concerns, accounting for approximately 52% of total CO2 emissions in the transportation sector over well to wheel period. Understanding its historical emission trends and drivers is crucial for future carbon reduction interventions. Here, an integrated analytical framework is developed, consisting of the vehicle fleet-based fuel cycle carbon emissions accounting model, Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method (LMDI) and scenario-based prediction method. The obtained results of case study in China show that: i) The annual CO2 emissions from passenger vehicles consistently increased from 228.4 Mt in 2012 to 459.9 Mt in 2022, primarily driven by income per capita and passenger vehicle ownership. ii) The reduction in vehicle fuel intensity and changes in market structure contributed to decreases in emissions of 41.6 Mt and 1.8 Mt, respectively. Moreover, the emission coefficient effect has more significant impacts in new energy vehicles (NEVs), leading to a reduction of 1.0 Mt. iii) By optimizing the market structure, 3425.8 Mt CO2 emissions could be mitigated by 2060, yielding the lowest aggregate emissions among all emission reduction strategies. iv) The adoption of advanced power technology will continue to contribute to carbon reduction till 2045. The effectiveness of the emission coefficient reduction strategy will be strengthened after 2045, leading to the lowest annual CO2 emissions of 26.0 Mt by 2060. Long-term emission curtailment will necessitate technological innovation and widespread adoption of new energy vehicles and clean electricity.",
-        "output": "The driving factors and mitigation strategy of CO2 emissions from China's passenger vehicle sector towards carbon neutrality",
+        "input": "Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely specific activities of lymphocytes. But the other arm of immunity, so-called innate immunity, had been neglected. To celebrate Cell's 50th anniversary, we have put together a review of the processes and components of innate immunity and trace the seminal contributions leading to the modern state of this field. Innate immunity has joined adaptive immunity in the center of interest for all those who study the body's defenses, as well as homeostasis and pathology. We are now entering the era where therapeutic targeting of innate immune receptors and downstream signals hold substantial promise for infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer.",
+        "output": "From periphery to center stage: 50 years of advancements in innate immunity.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "JPMorgan's inclusion of Indian sovereign bonds in its flagship emerging market debt index will likely increase the volatility in capital flows and in the rupee, bankers said on Friday.Indian bonds will be included in the JPMorgan's widely tracked emerging market index from June 28, 2024, extended over 10 months with 1% increment on its index weighting, the index provider said on Friday.The inclusion is expected to spur staggered inflows of $22-$30 billion, analysts estimate.\"The inclusion will boost foreign ownership (of bonds) and it is decidedly positive for the rupee in terms of the initial flows\", Sakshi Gupta, principal economist at HDFC Bank, said.\"However, beyond that, the opening of the bond market means higher volatility and vulnerability for the rupee over the medium term.\"The capital flows that follow index inclusion are considered less stable. These flows are relatively less responsive to domestic fundamentals and news flow and are far more sensitive to global developments.In times of high global uncertainty, investors tend to prefer safe haven assets like U.S. Treasuries and trim down allocations to the emerging markets.With India soon to be part of a widely followed EM bond index, any exodus of foreign money from EM markets will have a knock-on impact.\"One thing to have the bonds included (is) you obviously get more forex but that will also mean a lot of volatility like we have seen in equities,\" said Madan Sabnavis, chief economist at Bank of Baroda.\"On the whole, there's a lot of good things that will happen but the Reserve Bank of India's role will increase in managing overall volatility.\"The Indian rupee has in 2013 experienced the impact of a broad selloff in emerging market debt. Foreigners sold off local and other emerging market bonds on bets of tighter U.S. Federal Reserve policy, prompting the rupee to depreciate.\"The herd-mentality risk is higher when you open up your markets,\" a senior treasurer at a private bank said.\"The rupee will feel this the most when globally things become challenging.\"",
-        "output": "JPMorgan's inclusion of Indian sovereign bonds in its emerging market debt index is expected to increase capital flows and rupee volatility, with analysts estimating inflows of $22-$30 billion. The inclusion, which will occur over 10 months starting June 28, 2024, may lead to higher volatility and vulnerability for the rupee in the medium term due to the less stable nature of index-related capital flows.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natechs) are a type of multihazard coupled event with complex disaster evolution trends and serious consequences, resulting in high difficulty in collaborative responses. Currently, research on Natechs primarily revolves around evolutionary mechanisms and risk assessment. However, this complex form of disaster still requires relevant studies on response processes and organizational collaboration. The stochastic Petri net simulation method aligns well with this need, offering a suitable approach for addressing these gaps. Stochastic Petri nets (SPN) were introduced to clarify the Natech response process and analyze the synergistic relationship between organizations during the Natech response. First, the natech response process was framed by the logic of scenario-task-organization; the SPN's components were designed considering the characteristics of Natech events, and a proposal was made on how to construct the SPN model corresponding to a collaborative Natech response. Second, the performance of the analysis model was evaluated using the isomorphic Markov chain, and a method for examining organizational collaborative relationships was proposed. Finally, the model is validated by an example, and the characteristics of organizational task execution in Natech responses are summarized according to the busy probability of places and variation in the utilization of transitions. Analysis of task coordination relationships is proposed based on the SPN's structure, and the core and auxiliary workgroups are determined according to the actual task execution requirements to achieve better identification of responsible parties. Further, ways to improve Natech response collaboration are recommended: The role of the natural disaster response department is highlighted, for example, as it provides crucial information support during rescue operations. Relying solely on government departments may prove ineffective in responding to Natechs; thus, it may be necessary to involve social forces in the response effort. Flexible adjustments to deployment should be made to ensure the full utilization of limited disaster relief resources.",
+        "output": "Collaborative Relationship Modeling and Analysis of Natech Emergency Response Organizations Based on Stochastic Petri Net",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The upside case for the stock market is slowly becoming the base case, according to UBS equity strategists.UBS strategists laid out the bull case for the S&P 500 in early December, which was based on robust earnings, falling inflation, easier monetary policy, and more favorable economics. \u201cGiven the Fed's recent pivot, subsequent decline in rate expectations, and above-trend 2024 EPS revisions, we now embrace this upside scenario as our base case,\u201d the strategists said in a note.As a result, the strategists boosted the S&P 500 price target to 5,150 from 4,850 for the end of 2024. This new target represents 7.7% upside from Friday\u2019s closing price. UBS also raised its 2024-25 EPS estimates from $225 to $235, and $246 to $250. \u201cImportantly, our growth estimates of 6.3% and 6.4% over the next 2 years are below the consensus of 11.4% and 12.8%. While earnings should drive 2024 returns, falling interest rates should support incrementally higher multiples,\u201d the strategists added.The strategists also noted that the leadership is becoming increasingly pro cyclical, which is signaling investor optimism about the economy.Despite relatively flat stock prices over the past two years, earnings per share estimates have increased by 10%, while price-to-earnings ratios (P/Es) have decreased by 10%, the strategists noted.",
-        "output": "UBS equity strategists have upgraded their S&P 500 price target to 5,150 for the end of 2024, citing robust earnings, falling inflation, easier monetary policy, and more favorable economics. The strategists also raised their 2024-25 EPS estimates from $225 to $235, and $246 to $250.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Devolution and decentralisation policies involving health and other government sectors have been promoted with a view to improve efficiency and equity in local service provision. Evaluations of these reforms have focused on specific health or care measures, but little is known about their full impact on local health systems. We evaluated the impact of devolution in Greater Manchester (England) on multiple outcomes using a whole system approach. We estimated the impact of devolution until February 2020 on 98 measures of health system performance, using the generalised synthetic control method and adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. We selected measures from existing monitoring frameworks to populate the WHO Health System Performance Assessment framework. The included measures captured information on health system functions, intermediatory objectives, final goals, and social determinants of health. We identified which indicators were targeted in response to devolution from an analysis of 170 health policy intervention documents. Life expectancy (0.233 years, S.E. 0.012) and healthy life expectancy (0.603 years, S.E. 0.391) increased more in GM than in the estimated synthetic control group following devolution. These increases were driven by improvements in public health, primary care, hospital, and adult social care services as well as factors associated with social determinants of health, including a reduction in alcohol-related admissions (-110.1 admission per 100,000, S.E. 9.07). In contrast, the impact on outpatient, mental health, maternity, and dental services was mixed. Devolution was associated with improved population health, driven by improvements in health services and wider social determinants of health. These changes occurred despite limited devolved powers over health service resources suggesting that other mechanisms played an important role, including the allocation of sustainability and transformation funding and the alignment of decision-making across health, social care, and wider public services in the region.",
+        "output": "The impact of devolution on local health systems: Evidence from Greater Manchester, England.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: With the rapid aging of the domestic population, China has a strong incentive to increase the statutory retirement age. How retirement affects the health of the elderly is crucial to this policymaking. The health consequences of retirement have been debated greatly. This study aims to investigate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health among Chinese elderly people.METHODS: The data we use in this study comes from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (Harmonized CHARLS), a prospective cohort. We use the nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health. We test the robustness of our results with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders. We also explore the heterogeneity across gender and education.RESULTS: Results show that retirement has an insignificant effect on a series of physical and mental health outcomes, with and without adjusting several sociodemographic variables. Heterogeneity exists regarding gender and education. Although stratified analyses indicate that the transition from working to retirement leaves minimal effects on males and females, the effects go in the opposite direction. This finding holds for low-educated and high-educated groups for health outcomes including depression and cognitive function. Most of the results are stable with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is possible to delay the statutory retirement age in China as retirement has insignificant effects on physical and mental health. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term effect of retirement on health.",
-        "output": "The effect of retirement on physical and mental health in China: a nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity study.",
+        "input": "Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in African countries with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 349 participants from 52 households in The Gambia between March 2021 and June 2022, with routine weekly SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 6-monthly SARS-CoV-2 serology. Attack rates of 45% and 57% were seen during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves respectively. Eighty-four percent of RT-PCR-positive infections were asymptomatic. Children under 5-years had a lower incidence of infection than 18-49-year-olds. One prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced infection risk during the Delta wave only, with immunity from \u22652 prior infections required to reduce the risk of infection with early Omicron lineage viruses. In an African population with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage, we find high attack rates during SARS-CoV-2 waves, with a high proportion of asymptomatic infections and young children remaining relatively protected from infection.",
+        "output": "High SARS-CoV-2 incidence and asymptomatic fraction during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves in The Gambia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DETROIT - Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions, Inc. (OTCPK:AITX), along with its subsidiary Robotic Assistance Devices, Inc. (RAD), has reported a notable increase in its Recurring Monthly Revenue (RMR) and a reduction in operating expenses in its latest financial results for the quarter ending November 30, 2023. The company also announced a strategic extension of debt maturity with its key lender.The RMR, which is a critical metric for AITX's business model, saw a significant rise to $416,062 for the three months ended November 30, 2023, marking a 2.7-fold increase from the $154,628 reported in the same period the previous year. This growth indicates a solid demand for the company's AI-driven security and productivity solutions. AITX plans to sustain this momentum by improving its sales funnel and hiring two additional sales personnel.In addition to revenue growth, AITX achieved a 9% decrease in Selling, General, and Administrative (SG&A) expenses for the nine-month period ending November 30, 2023, bringing the total to $9,038,313, down from $9,928,144 for the same period in 2022. The company attributes these cost reductions to its focus on efficiency and cost management.Furthermore, AITX successfully restructured approximately $10.8 million of its debt, extending the maturity date by about two years. This reclassification from current to long-term debt and the absence of any defaults within the new terms enhance the company's liquidity profile. Notably, the lender did not seek additional compensation for this extension, which AITX interprets as a sign of confidence in its financial health and future prospects.Steve Reinharz, CEO of AITX, expressed satisfaction with the company's performance, citing the growth in RMR, reduction in SG&A expenses, and the support from their key lender as indicators of the company's strong market position and operational efficiency.RAD, a subsidiary of AITX, operates on a Solutions-as-a-Service business model and aims to provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional security services. RAD's suite of robotic solutions is designed to complement or replace human personnel in certain environments, potentially offering significant cost savings to businesses.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "AITX reported a 2.7-fold increase in RMR to $416,062 for the quarter ending November 30, 2023, along with a 9% decrease in SG&A expenses and a strategic debt maturity extension of approximately $10.8 million.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Medical image segmentation is a focus research and foundation in developing intelligent medical systems. Recently, deep learning for medical image segmentation has become a standard process and succeeded significantly, promoting the development of reconstruction, and surgical planning of disease diagnosis. However, semantic learning is often inefficient owing to the lack of supervision of feature maps, resulting in that high-quality segmentation models always rely on numerous and accurate data annotations. Learning robust semantic representation in latent spaces remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework to learn vital attributes in medical images, which constructs generalized representation from diverse semantics to realize medical image segmentation. We first build a self-supervised learning part that achieves context recovery by reconstructing space and intensity of medical images, which conduct semantic representation for feature maps. Subsequently, we combine semantic-rich feature maps and utilize simple linear semantic transformation to convert them into image segmentation. The proposed framework was tested using five medical segmentation datasets. Quantitative assessments indicate the highest scores of our method on IXI (73.78%), ScaF (47.50%), COVID-19-Seg (50.72%), PC-Seg (65.06%), and Brain-MR (72.63%) datasets. Finally, we compared our method with the latest semi-supervised learning methods and obtained 77.15% and 75.22% DSC values, respectively, ranking first on two representative datasets. The experimental results not only proved that the proposed linear semantic transformation was effectively applied to medical image segmentation, but also presented its simplicity and ease-of-use to pursue robust segmentation in semi-supervised learning. Our code is now open at: https://github.com/QingYunA/Linear-Semantic-Transformation-for-Semi-Supervised-Medical-Image-Segmentation.",
+        "output": "Linear semantic transformation for semi-supervised medical image segmentation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Amber appears in the archaeological material of the Eastern Baltic region in the Middle Neolithic and continues in intensive use until the end of the Neolithic. Four major amber-working centres are known in the Eastern Baltic, the least studied of which is the settlement of Silinupe (4(th) mill. BC). Not yet widely applied in research on Stone Age amber technologies, but very promising, is an analytical approach combining experimental archaeology and traceology to study processing choices made in specific production stages (i. e., individual technological elements), revealing that fine-grained sandstone was favoured for surface grinding, while flint tools were most widely used for shaping and surface treatment, distinguishing three techniques, namely shaving, scraping and pressure flaking, each identifiable by characteristic features. The study suggests that amber and flint processing were largely intertwined, as pressure flaking along with indirect percussion (used for splitting amber) derive from flint processing, and in the case of pressure flaking, required specific know-how.",
-        "output": "An experimental approach to the study of amber processing in the Neolithic: technical analysis of the Silinupe amber assemblage, 4th mill. BC, Latvia",
+        "input": "While Prospect Theory helps to explain decision-making under risk, studies often base frames on hypothetical events and fail to acknowledge that many individuals lack the ability and motivation to engage in complex thinking. We use an original survey of US adults (N=2813) to test Prospect Theory in the context of the May 2023 debt ceiling negotiations in the US Congress and assess whether objective numeracy moderates framing effects. We hypothesize and find evidence to suggest that most respondents are risk-averse to potential gains and risk-accepting to potential losses; however, high numerates are more risk-averse and risk-accepting to gains and losses, respectively, than low numerates. We also find that need for cognition interacts with numeracy to moderate framing effects for prospective losses, such that higher need for cognition attenuates risk-acceptance among low numerates and exacerbates risk-acceptance among high numerates. Our results are robust to a range of other covariates and in models accounting for the interaction between political knowledge and need for cognition, indicating joint moderating effects from two knowledge domains similarly conditioned by the desire to engage in effortful thinking. Our findings demonstrate that those who can understand and use objective information may remain subjectively persuaded by certain policy frames.",
+        "output": "Objective numeracy exacerbates framing effects from decision-making under political risk.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) In yet another top-level exit, Sidharth Satpathy, Vice President at Swiggy Instamart, has quit the company after around five years. Anirban Roy, Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) India\u2019s performance marketing head, will replace him at Swiggy.\u201cAs I move on from Swiggy and reflect on how this phase of life has been, I am filled with nothing but gratitude,\u201d Satpathy said in a LinkedIn post.\u201cAnirban Roy will be taking over my role in Instamart effective this week as I start my next stint, back in the CPG (consumer packaged goods) industry from Monday onwards,\u201d he added.Satpathy\u2019s exit came two months after Karthik Gurumurthy, senior SVP who built Swiggy Instamart, stepped down to start his own venture called Convenio.In the last couple of months, Swiggy has seen some high-level exits in the house, including its CTO, Dale Vaz; Nishad Kenkre, VP, head of revenue and growth, Instamart and Anuj Rathi who was senior vice president of revenue and growth at Swiggy.Former Swiggy CTO Vaz has launched his own wealthtech startup called Aaritya Tech, with seed funding from VC firms Accel and Elevation Capital.In May last year, Ashish Lingamneni, VP, head, brand and product marketing left Swiggy.Meanwhile, US-based investment company Invesco has raised IPO-bound Swiggy's valuation to about $8.3 billion.Swiggy's losses for the entire FY23 amounted to approximately $545 million, representing an 80 per cent increase compared to around $300 million in FY22.--IANSna/ksk",
-        "output": "Sidharth Satpathy, Vice President at Swiggy Instamart, has resigned after five years, with Anirban Roy from Amazon India replacing him. This follows a series of high-level exits at Swiggy, including its CTO and SVP of revenue and growth, Instamart.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Although in recent years populism has emerged from within mainstream conservative parties around the world, populism and conservatism are still rarely studied together. Trying to establish a link between the two may appear paradoxical, given their opposing ideational content, as populism mobilizes the people against the elites, while conservatism defends established hierarchies and traditions. This article argues however that we can identify many more similarities and overlaps between populism and conservatism if we adopt a broader conceptualization of political ideologies that includes not only their ideational content but also their discursive, strategic, organizational and structural dimensions. On this basis, the article views populism and conservatism as modes of politics that mobilize followers primarily on the basis of idealized visions of the political community and state-society relations. Although populism puts forth an antagonistic vision of these relations and conservatism a deferential one, both are otherwise quite similar to strategies aimed at defining the boundaries and character of the political community on the basis of its relationship with political authority. The article conducts an empirical probe demonstrating how its theoretical argument can be applied in comparative research.",
+        "output": "When long lost siblings reunite: populism, conservatism and the discontents of progress",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stellantis (NYSE:STLA), in collaboration with BlackBerry (NYSE:BB) QNX and AWS, launched the world\u2019s first virtual cockpit platform on Tuesday.This groundbreaking innovation, developed by a Stellantis-led coalition, is part of the automaker\u2019s Virtual Engineering Workbench (VEW), revolutionizing the delivery of infotainment technology to consumers at a speed 100 times faster than traditional methods.This advanced platform uses BlackBerry's QNX\u00ae Hypervisor in the cloud, available on AWS Marketplace via the QNX Accelerate suite.The new technology allows Stellantis to create lifelike virtual simulations of car controls and systems that act like the real thing, all without changing their main software. What used to take months can now be done in as little as 24 hours in some cases.\u201cSoftware is becoming increasingly crucial in vehicles, leading us to innovate in how we develop and validate it,\u201d said Yves Bonnefont, Chief Software Officer at Stellantis. \u201cWith our virtual cockpit, we\u2019re revolutionizing not just our approach, but also that of our suppliers and partners in the industry.By adopting a software-centric strategy and utilizing the QNX Hypervisor in the cloud, Stellantis can speed up customer feedback sessions significantly.Using the virtual cockpit, Stellantis can effortlessly recreate the cockpit experience of a specific brand and vehicle, making instant adjustments to enhance the driver's experience. This immediate response, supported by quick access to the cloud, enables Stellantis to gather crucial input from its customers and developers.An unbranded showcase of the technology can be viewed at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), taking place from January 9 to 12, 2024, at the Las Vegas Convention Center.Shares of STLA are down 1.69% while shares of BB are up 0.77% in afternoon trading on Tuesday.",
-        "output": "Stellantis, in partnership with BlackBerry and AWS, has launched the world's first virtual cockpit platform, revolutionizing infotainment delivery 100 times faster than traditional methods, using BlackBerry's QNX Hypervisor in the cloud. This platform enables Stellantis to create lifelike virtual simulations of car controls and systems, speeding up customer feedback sessions and enhancing the driver's experience.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The utilization of user's facial- and speech-related features for the estimation of the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multimedia services is still underinvestigated despite its potential. Currently, only the use of either facial or speech features individually has been proposed, and relevant limited experiments have been performed. To advance in this respect, in this study, we focused on WebRTC-based videoconferencing, where it is often possible to capture both the facial expressions and vocal speech characteristics of the users. First, we performed thorough statistical analysis to identify the most significant facial- and speech-related features for QoE estimation, which we extracted from the participants' audio-video data collected during a subjective assessment. Second, we trained individual QoE estimation machine learning-based models on the separated facial and speech datasets. Finally, we employed data fusion techniques to combine the facial and speech datasets into a single dataset to enhance the QoE estimation performance due to the integrated knowledge provided by the fusion of facial and speech features. The obtained results demonstrate that the data fusion technique based on the Improved Centered Kernel Alignment (ICKA) allows for reaching a mean QoE estimation accuracy of 0.93, whereas the values of 0.78 and 0.86 are reached when using only facial or speech features, respectively.",
+        "output": "QoE Estimation of WebRTC-based Audio-visual Conversations from Facial and Speech Features",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN FRANCISCO -  Wells Fargo  (NYSE:WFC) & Co. announced that its fourth-quarter net income rose to $3.45 billion, marking an increase from the previous year's $3.16 billion. The bank, headquartered in San Francisco, also reported an adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.29, surpassing EPS estimates. Despite the positive earnings report, the company's stock experienced a downturn, falling by 3.3% following the earnings announcement.The financial results for the quarter factored in several one-time items, including a special Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) assessment charge and severance costs, which were partly offset by a tax gain. Looking ahead, Wells Fargo has signaled a cautious outlook, specifically mentioning the possibility of a reduction in net interest income in the coming year. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Wells Fargo's Q4 net income rose to $3.45 billion, with adjusted EPS of $1.29, beating estimates. Despite positive earnings, the stock fell 3.3% due to a cautious outlook and potential reduction in net interest income.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Bridges Conference has been running on an annual basis since 1998 and is the foremost international conference dedicated to connections between mathematics and the arts, design and culture. In 2023, Bridges took place at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The conference ran from July 27 to 31, and was packed with a wide variety of plenary and contributed lectures, workshops, exhibitions, performances and public events. This article reports on the scientific, artistic and cultural programme and experience, from the viewpoint of a participant who is an academic mathematician based in Ireland.",
+        "output": "Bridges Halifax 2023",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
-        "output": "A scientist for president.",
+        "input": "We study a new driving factor of women's inclusion in politics: the economic empowerment of their mothers. We evaluate Swedish microdata on politicians and their parents over fifty years. The results demonstrate a strong intergenerational dynamic from mothers to daughters. Female politicians come from households where their mother is more likely to be employed, earns more in the labour market, and earns a larger share of household earnings. This pattern was strong among parliamentarians in the 1970s and 1980s when female numerical representation increased rapidly in Sweden but is not present in national politics after the introduction of gender quotas in the early 1990s or in local politics.",
+        "output": "Working Mothers and Political Daughters: Intergenerational Dynamics of Women's Political Officeholding",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite the devastating toll of the overdose crisis in the United States, many addiction treatment programs do not offer medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Several states have incorporated MOUD requirements into their standards for treatment program licensure. This study examined policy officials' and treatment providers' perspectives on the implementation of these policies. During 2020-22, we conducted thirty-one semistructured interviews with forty policy officials and treatment providers in nine states identified through a legal analysis. Of these states, three states required treatment organizations to offer MOUD, and two prohibited organizations from denying admission to people receiving MOUD. Qualitative findings revealed that licensure policies were part of a broader effort to transition the specialty treatment system to a model of care more consistent with medical evidence; states perceived tension between raising quality standards and maintaining adequate treatment capacity; aligning other state policies with MOUD access goals facilitated implementation of the licensure requirement; and measuring compliance was challenging. Licensure may offer states an opportunity to take a more active role in ensuring access to effective treatment.",
-        "output": "Licensure Policies May Help States Ensure Access To Opioid Use Disorder Medication In Specialty Addiction Treatment.",
+        "input": "The Copenhagen burnout inventory-student survey (CBI-SS) has shown promising psychometric properties in diverse student populations. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Nigerian version of the CBI-SS. This was a cross-sectional study of 635 students from Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to assess the CBI-SS validity. The reliability score of the CBI-SS was 0.957, ranging from 0.862 to 0.914 for the subscales. Correlation coefficients among the four CBI-SS factors ranged from 0.507 to 0.713. The CFA indicated an adequate goodness-of-fit for the four-factor model of the CBI-SS with the sample data. However, Item 10 was removed due to unacceptably low Average Variance Extracted score. The four factors demonstrated a negative correlation with both General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Cumulative Grade Point Average. Furthermore, both self-reported burnout and perceived course stress showed associations with the CBI-SS, where lower levels of burnout corresponded with lower median scores on the CBI-SS scales. This study underscores the significance of the CBI-SS in evaluating student burnout within our student population. The findings indicate that the CBI-SS is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing student burnout, suggesting its potential for effective utilization in the Nigerian academic context.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (CBI-SS) among faculty of arts students of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper examines one aspect of the legacy of the Value-Free Ideal in conservation science: the view that measurements and metrics are value-free epistemic tools detached from ideological, ethical, social, and, generally, non-epistemic considerations. Contrary to this view, I will argue that traditional measurement practices entrenched in conservation are in fact permeated with non-epistemic values. I challenge the received view by revealing three non-epistemic assumptions underlying traditional metrics: (1) a human-environment demarcation, (2) the desirability of a people-free landscape, and (3) the exclusion of cultural diversity from biodiversity. I also draw a connection between arguments for retaining traditional metrics to scientific colonialism, exemplified by a fortress conservation model. I conclude by advocating for abandoning the myth of the intrinsic value-freedom of measurement practices and embracing metrics aligned with societal and scientific goals.",
-        "output": "Metrics in biodiversity conservation and the value-free ideal",
+        "input": "The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.",
+        "output": "Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Analysts at Wolfe Research said in a note Friday that the Boeing (NYSE:BA) and Spirit AeroSystems (NYSE:SPR) \"lows should be set prior\" to the return to service of the MAX 9.Analysts, who have an Outperform rating and $280 per share price target on Boeing shares, told investors that the MAX9 situation is fluid, but their firm's thinking is consistent with initial thoughts from Sunday.\"The incremental discovery since Sunday is prevalence of non-compliance (by UAL andALK) in the door plug hardware,\" they explained. \"We don't think this changes the solution of return to service (tighten hardware), but clearly deserves higher headline risk scrutiny (FAA investigation of QC; Congressional hearing risk, etc) and a bit longer on the RTS.\"\"On a positive, the FAA approved MAX deliveries this week illustrating that not just economists are two-handed,\" the analysts added.The analysts noted that potential risk appears off the table as BA delivered a 737MAX8 (with FAA sign-off). \"How, if at all, the MAX9 incident will impact the ongoing certification process for the MAX7/10 and the China decision to restart MAX deliveries (they have no MAX9s in backlog) remain questions,\" they acknowledged.",
-        "output": "Wolfe Research analysts believe Boeing and Spirit AeroSystems' lows should be set before the MAX 9 returns to service due to non-compliance issues in door plug hardware, which has increased headline risk and may delay the return to service. Despite this, the FAA has approved MAX deliveries, indicating that the potential risk is off the table.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Floods are the most frequent weather-related disaster, causing significant health impacts worldwide. Limited studies have examined the long-term consequences of flooding exposure.METHODS: Flood data were retrieved from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory and linked with health data from 499,487 UK Biobank participants. To calculate the annual cumulative flooding exposure, we multiplied the duration and severity of each flood event and then summed these values for each year. We conducted a nested case-control analysis to evaluate the long-term effect of flooding exposure on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Each case was matched with eight controls. Flooding exposure was modelled using a distributed lag non-linear model to capture its nonlinear and lagged effects.RESULTS: The risk of all-cause mortality increased by 6.7% (odds ratio (OR): 1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.063-1.071) for every unit increase in flood index after confounders had been controlled for. The mortality risk from neurological and mental diseases was negligible in the current year, but strongest in the lag years 3 and 4. By contrast, the risk of mortality from suicide was the strongest in the current year (OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.008-1.028), and attenuated to lag year 5. Participants with higher levels of education and household income had a higher estimated risk of death from most causes whereas the risk of suicide-related mortality was higher among participants who were obese, had lower household income, engaged in less physical activity, were non-moderate alcohol consumers, and those living in more deprived areas.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to floods is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The health consequences of flooding exposure would vary across different periods after the event, with different profiles of vulnerable populations identified for different causes of death. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the long-term impacts of flooding exposure.",
+        "output": "Floods and cause-specific mortality in the UK: a nested case-control study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study aims to comprehend and test the mediating effect of Green Process Innovation (GPI) and the moderating effect of Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Green Business Strategies (GBS) and Environmental Performance (EP) relationship. 252 manufacturing sector employees in North India participated in the data collection. The study used Structural equation modelling and Process Macro for investigating the hypothesized model. The results supported the hypothesized association between AIenabled GBS and EP. The study found that GPI mediate the constructive association between AI -enabled GBS and EP. GDC emerged as significant moderators for AI -enabled GBS and EP relationship. The article offers some helpful inputs for the Indian manufacturing industry to understand the importance of AI -enabled GBS in enhancing EP to move towards Carbon neutrality. The results suggest some practical implications for organizations wherein firms can maintain their focus on GPI at the organizational level by having AI -backed GBS, which will help the business achieve better EP. There is a scope to dig deep on comprehending the moderating impact of GDC in this context. The study recommends that GDC can further boost GPI, which will ultimately impact the firm's goal of carbon neutrality by shaping EP.",
-        "output": "AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Joint Cerebrovascular (CV) Section serves as a centralized entity for the dissemination of information related to CV neurosurgery. The quality of scientific conferences, such as the CV Section's Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Annual Meeting, can be gauged by the number of poster and oral presentations that are published in peer-reviewed journals. However, publication rates from the CV Section's meetings are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the rate at which abstracts presented at the AANS/CNS CV Section Annual Meeting from 2014 to 2018 were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals.METHODS: The abstract titles for all accepted poster and oral podium presentation abstracts from the 2014-2018 Annual Joint AANS/CNS CV Section Meetings were searched using PubMed. A match was defined as sufficient similarity between the abstract and its corresponding journal publication with regard to title, authors, methods, and results. Five-year impact factors (IFs) from Journal Citation Reports (JCR), the country of the corresponding author, and the number of citations in the Scopus database were obtained using the articles' digital object identifier when available, or the exact article title, journal, and year of publication.RESULTS: Of the 607 total poster and oral presentations from the 2014-2018 Annual Meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section, 46.29% (n = 281) have been published. Published articles received 3233 total citations for an average number of citations per article (\u00b1 SD) of 10.89 \u00b1 16.37. The average 5-year JCR IF of published studies was 4.64 \u00b1 3.13. Additionally, 98.22% of published abstracts were in publication within 4 years from the time the abstract was presented. The most common peer-reviewed neurosurgical journals featuring these publications were the Journal of Neurosurgery, World Neurosurgery, the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Neurosurgery, and the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of all poster and oral presentations at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Joint CV Section from 2014 to 2018 have been published in PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed journals. The average number of citations per publication (10.89 \u00b1 16.37) reflects the high quality of abstracts accepted for presentation. It is important to continuously assess the quality of research presented at national conferences to ensure that standards are being maintained for the advancement of clinical practice in a given area of medicine. Conference abstract publication rates in peer-reviewed journals represent a way in which research quality can be gauged, and the authors encourage others to conduct similar investigations in their subspecialty area of interest and/or practice.",
+        "output": "Publication patterns of posters and oral presentations at the Annual Meeting of the Joint AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabuk, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Turkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r>0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabuk area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.",
-        "output": "Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city.",
+        "input": "Flowslides are rapid gravity-driven flows of sediment-water mixture that typically occur following slope failures in soils, tailings, and municipal solid wastes, but the progressive state transition during the evolution of flowslides is still unclear. In this study, a practical method which couples elastic-plastic constitutive equations and Bingham fluid equations by a progressive transition criterion is developed within the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The elastic-plastic constitutive equations describe the mechanical behavior at a solid-like state and that at a fluid-like state is described by Bingham fluid equations. The progressive state transition can be described by a transition factor, which is governed by the degree of saturation and shear strain rate according to the experimental data. Transient seepage flow is also introduced into the SPH framework to describe the effect of water content on the evolution of flowslides. An infiltration boundary method based on ghost particles and smooth function symmetry is proposed to precisely model the rainfall infiltration process. The experimental data of ring shear tests and flume test are adopted to successfully verify the performance of the method, which can reasonably simulate the complicated solid-fluid transition processes. The method is further applied to simulate a full scale catastrophic flowslide at Payatas Landfill. As the overlying pressure on the slip surface increases, the material reaches the yield state. During the postfailure stage, the material at the slip surface first changes into an elastic-plastic state, and then partially transforms into a fluid-like state, leading to the large deformation of the failure material. The proposed method can contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of flowslides and is an applicable tool for hazard assessment.",
+        "output": "Numerical Simulation of Flowslide Considering Transient Seepage Flow and Progressive State Transition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 17 (IANS) Online gaming major  Nazara Technologies  (NS:NAZA) on Wednesday said it has raised Rs 250 crore via preferential allotment of equity shares.The company also announced that it will acquire a 10.7 per cent stake in Kofluence, a leading social media influencer-led marketing-tech platform, from certain existing investors through a share swap.Nikhil Kamath\u2019s NKSquared & Kamath Associates, ICICI Prudential MF & Plutus Wealth will increase their stake in Nazara through the preferential issue.The company is proposing to issue up to 28.6 lakh equity shares of face value of Rs 4 each at a price of Rs. 872.15 per equity share, aggregating to Rs 250 crore.Fresh funds will be utilised to invest in funding requirements and growth objectives of the company, including for making strategic acquisitions and general corporate purposes, said Nazara Tech.This concludes the planned fundraise of Rs 750 crore that was announced earlier in this fiscal year (FY24).\u201cWith our consolidated cash reserves now exceeding Rs 1,500 crore, Nazara is exceptionally well-positioned to pursue both organic growth and strategic acquisitions,\u201d said Nitish Mittersain, Founder & CEO of Nazara Technologies.Meanwhile, the company is proposing to issue 3,71,637 equity shares at a price of Rs. 872.15 per unit, aggregating to Rs 32.4 crore by way of preferential issue on private placement basis to the sellers in the Kofluence deal.Kofluence has more than 600,000 registered creators across Instagram, YouTube, Facebook (NASDAQ:META), LinkedIn, and Twitter representing over 20 languages.\u201cThis partnership is not only expanding Nazara's game reach but also reshaping game marketing dynamics, bringing every creator and user into an expansive and captivating gaming narrative,\u201d said Sreeram Reddy Vanga, Co-founder, and CEO of Kofluence.Mittersain added that their new game publishing initiative \u2018Nazara Publishing\u2019 will particularly benefit from this new initiative.--IANSna/rad",
-        "output": "Nazara Technologies raised Rs 250 crore through preferential allotment of equity shares and acquired a 10.7% stake in Kofluence, a social media influencer-led marketing-tech platform, through a share swap. The funds will be used for strategic acquisitions and general corporate purposes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Delivering difficult news to families is an essential but challenging skill. Pediatric trainees report limited confidence in this skill and perform poorly in simulation. We implemented the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Resilience Curriculum and evaluated performance and self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.METHODS: The AAP Resilience Curriculum, using the SPIKES (Set-up, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, and Summary) framework, was taught to pediatric fellows. Fellows' performance during simulations with standardized patients before and after curriculum implementation was scored with a SPIKES checklist. Pre- and post-test surveys assessed self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.RESULTS: Fellows (n=19) significantly improved their performance in delivering difficult news, increasing the median SPIKES checklist scores from 78% to 90% completion (P<0.001). Pediatric fellows (n=35) reported improved confidence from 3.4/5 to 3.9 (P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric fellows demonstrated significant improvement in their ability to deliver difficult news during a simulated patient encounter and reported increased self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.",
+        "output": "Resilience Curriculum Improves Skills of Pediatric Fellows in Delivery of Difficult News.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.",
-        "output": "Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems",
+        "input": "The Kasten Site is a multicomponent plowzone site in Erie County, Ohio that possesses a Late Pleistocene Clovis lithic assemblage. Here, we describe the late Pleistocene Clovis, and possible-Clovis, lithic artifacts via technological descriptions, illustrations and images, morphometrics, and microwear. The lithic artifacts are made from cherts which appear to outcrop between 94.7 and 356.8 km from the site. Based on our descriptions, we suggest that the Kasten site is a small logistical site, whereby a small number Clovis people occupied it ephemerally for the purposes of resource procurement. Given the microwear evidence, this resource may have been animal prey, but given that the site is adjacent to a topographic depression, the desired resource could also have been water.",
+        "output": "Description, Microwear, and Morphometrics of Clovis and Possible-Clovis Lithic Artifacts from the Kasten Site, Erie County, Ohio, USA",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Poiene & scedil;ti-Luca & scedil;euca-culture (late 3(rd) to second half of the 1(st) century BC), which is distributed in the forest steppe between the east Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniestr, is seen as the result of an immigration of groups from the Jastorf area in North-East Germany. This concept is based on cemeteries: both the form of the grave4s and their material culture (ceramics, jewellery, costume) are foreign in the area, but show clear connections to the North and the North-West. Up to now large settlement excavations are missing that would allow for an evaluation of that concept based on settlement and economic structures as well as on the material culture of everyday life. The project that is presented here with first results, aims to that desideratum. With surveys and test excavations as a starting point on different sites in Central part of Republic of Moldova, the authors are excavating the Poienesti-Lucaseuca settlement of Ivancea-Sub Padure on a large scale. The project is funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The paper presents first results like different post buildings and pit dwellings, the spectrum of small finds and a selection of the numerous ceramics including greek imports, and discusses the connectivity that becomes visible. The post buildings have no regional parallels and seem to have the best parallels in the Northwest. In opposite to that the small finds show a broad entanglement especially to the south and West and thus contradict the evidence from the grave. Also, in opposite to the graves the settlement ceramics show clear regional traditions, bus also relations to the North and the Northeast.",
-        "output": "Beyond cemeteries - excavation of a settlement of Poienesti-Lucaseuca Culture in Ivancea, Republic of Moldova",
+        "input": "Matching hand-drawn sketches with photos (a.k.a sketch-photo recognition or re-identification) faces the information asymmetry challenge due to the abstract nature of the sketch modality. Existing works tend to learn shared embedding spaces with CNN models by discarding the appearance cues for photo images or introducing GAN for sketch-photo synthesis. The former unavoidably loses discriminability, while the latter contains ineffaceable generation noise. In this paper, we start the first attempt to design an information-aligned sketch transformer (SketchTrans(+)) via cross-modal disentangled prototype learning, while the transformer has shown great promise for discriminative visual modelling. Specifically, we design an asymmetric disentanglement scheme with a dynamic updatable auxiliary sketch (A-sketch) to align the modality representations without sacrificing information. The asymmetric disentanglement decomposes the photo representations into sketch-relevant and sketch-irrelevant cues, transferring sketch-irrelevant knowledge into the sketch modality to compensate for the missing information. Moreover, considering the feature discrepancy between the two modalities, we present a modality-aware prototype contrastive learning method that mines representative modality-sharing information using the modality-aware prototypes rather than the original feature representations. Extensive experiments on category- and instance-level sketch-based datasets validate the superiority of our proposed method under various metrics.",
+        "output": "SketchTrans: Disentangled Prototype Learning With Transformer for Sketch-Photo Recognition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As the sustainable fashion movement gains momentum, there is a growing need to introduce such concepts to the next generation of fashion designer. One approach to produce sustainable designs is upcycling, defined as the salvage and reuse of discarded or found items into new products. This study examines a pedagogical approach for engaging 2nd year undergraduate textile and fashion design students in sustainable fashion design practice. Working in groups, students are challenged to upcycle old clothing into a little black dress, using a keyword as direction for concept, design development, and garment construction techniques. To elevate value in post-consumer textile waste, it is necessary to develop high-quality contemporary design outcomes. This teaching approach aims to encourage the revaluation of recyclable resources, the exploration of the creative potential of fabric manipulation techniques, experimental design development, and professional production techniques. This is achieved through the implementation of a design brief that establishes original approaches to upcycling, contrary to the arbitrary processes that are typically used.",
-        "output": "Upcycling Classics-Sustainable Design Development through Fabric Manipulation Techniques in Fashion Design Education",
+        "input": "Importance: Behavior therapy is a recommended intervention for Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but availability is limited and long-term effects are uncertain.Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-supported, internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP) vs psychoeducation for youths with TS or CTD.Design, Setting, And Participants: This 12-month controlled follow-up of a parallel group, superiority randomized clinical trial was conducted at a research clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, with nationwide recruitment. In total, 221 participants aged 9 to 17 years with TS or CTD were enrolled between April 26, 2019, and April 9, 2021, of whom 208 (94%) provided 12-month follow-up data. Final follow-up data were collected on June 29, 2022. Outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation throughout the study.Interventions: A total of 111 participants were originally randomly allocated to 10 weeks of therapist-supported, internet-delivered ERP and 110 participants to therapist-supported, internet-delivered psychoeducation.Main Outcomes And Measures: The primary outcome was within-group change in tic severity, measured by the Total Tic Severity Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS-TTSS), from the 3-month follow-up to the 12-month follow-up. Treatment response was defined as 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Analyses were intention-to-treat and followed the plan prespecified in the published study protocol. A health economic evaluation was performed from 3 perspectives: health care organization (including direct costs for treatment provided in the study), health care sector (additionally including health care resource use outside of the study), and societal (additionally including costs beyond health care [eg, parent's absenteeism from work]).Results: In total, 221 participants were recruited (mean [SD] age, 12.1 [2.3] years; 152 [69%] male). According to the YGTSS-TTSS, there were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month to the 12-month follow-up in either group (ERP coefficient, -0.52 [95% CI, -1.26 to 0.21]; P=.16; psychoeducation coefficient, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.78 to 0.78]; P>.99). A secondary analysis including all assessment points (baseline to 12-month follow-up) showed no statistically significant between-group difference in tic severity from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (coefficient, -0.38 [95% CI, -1.11 to 0.35]; P=.30). Treatment response rates were similar in both groups (55% in ERP and 50% in psychoeducation; odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.73-2.16]; P=.42) at the 12-month follow-up. The health economic evaluation showed that, from a health care sector perspective, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years (0.01 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.03]) and lower costs (adjusted mean difference -$84.48 [95% CI, -$440.20 to $977.60]) than psychoeducation at the 12-month follow-up. From the health care organization and societal perspectives, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years at higher costs, with 65% to 78% probability of ERP being cost-effective compared with psychoeducation when using a willingness-to-pay threshold of US $79\u202f000.Conclusions And Relevance: There were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month through to the 12-month follow-up in either group. The ERP intervention was not superior to psychoeducation at any time point. While ERP was not superior to psychoeducation alone in reducing tic severity at the end of the follow-up period, ERP is recommended for clinical implementation due to its likely cost-effectiveness and support from previous literature.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03916055.",
+        "output": "Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition with increasing prevalence, high morbidity, and increased mortality. Obesity is an established risk factor for HF. Fluctuation in body mass index (BMI) has shown a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the association between BMI variability and incident HF.METHODS AND RESULTS: In the UK Biobank, we established a prospective cohort after excluding participants with prevalent HF or cancer at enrollment. A total of 99368 White participants with \u22653 BMI measures during >2years preceding enrollment were included, with a median follow-up of 12.5years. The within-participant variability of BMI was evaluated using standardized SD and coefficient of variation. The association of BMI variability with incident HF was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk model, adjusting for confounding factors and participant-specific rate of BMI change. Higher BMI variability measured in both SD and coefficient of variation was significantly associated with higher risk in HF incidence (SD: hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.08], P<0.0001; coefficient of variation: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.10], P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal health records capture BMI fluctuation, which independently predicts HF incidence.",
-        "output": "High Variability of Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated With Incident Heart Failure.",
+        "input": "Zooarchaeological analysis and isotopic niche space modelling of faunal remains excavated from the settlement of El Carril (ca. AD 1100-1500) in the northern Dominican Republic provides evidence that the site was situated along an important transportation corridor for the passage of animal commodities. This study qualitatively investigates faunal remains recovered from sample excavation units within the site and relates these findings to a previously conducted palaeobotanical study of the site. The zooarchaeological findings are compared to that of nearby El Flaco, a smaller settlement located 2.5 km to the east and for which zooarchaeological and palaeobotanical data is available. Isotopic niche space modelling was conducted on animal remains from both sites to relatively indicate different ecological zones that were targeted by Indigenous peoples, and to speculate whether native Isolobodon portoricensis hutias (Capromyinae) were arriving to El Carril from different regions. Our evidence of animal resources arriving from far-flung environments, and the isotopic niche space modelling all suggest that El Carril may been situated near an important transportation corridor for animal goods passing between the coastline, the Cordillera Septentrional, and the riverine environments of the Cibao Valley.",
+        "output": "The conveyance of animal commodities in pre-contact northern Hispaniola: zooarchaeological research and isotopic niche space modelling at El Carril, Dominican Republic (ca. AD 1100-1500)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) In just two weeks into the New Year, at least 46 IT and tech companies (including startups) have laid off more than 7,500 employees and the number is growing by the day, as generative AI (GenAI) threatens millions of jobs.The global layoffs, which continued even in the holiday season late last year, are set to impact the Indian workforce once again.According to the latest data from layoff.fyi, a website that tracks tech sector job cuts, 46 tech companies laid off 7,528 employees (till January 14).Tech companies, including startups, around the world fired more than 425,000 employees in 2022 and 2023, with more than 36,000 employees being sacked in India in the same time frame.Online rental platform Frontdesk became the first tech startup to lay off employees in 2024 -- its entire 200-person workforce -- during a \u201ctwo-minute Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Meet call\u201d.Gaming company Unity announced to lay off 25 per cent of its workforce, or about 1,800 employees, in its fresh job cut round.Google last week confirmed it has cut several hundred jobs across hardware, core engineering and Google Assistant teams.The layoffs will impact employees in Google\u2019s hardware and central engineering teams, as well as workers across Google Assistant, according to reports.\u201cTo best position us for these opportunities, throughout the second half of 2023, a number of our teams made changes to become more efficient and work better, and to align their resources to their biggest product priorities,\u201d a Google spokesperson had said in a statement.\u201cSome teams are continuing to make these kinds of organisational changes, which include some role eliminations globally,\u201d the company added.Amazon-owned audiobook and podcast division Audible is laying off 5 per cent of its staff, more than 100 employees, as part of overall job cuts at the e-commerce giant.Meta (NASDAQ:META) started the New Year with laying off some technical programme managers (TPMs) at Instagram and reports said that at least 60 such jobs were either being consolidated or eliminated.Global data management solutions provider Veeam Software has reportedly laid off 300 employees.Disney-owned animation studio Pixar is also set to cut jobs this year, the media reported.Global banking major Citigroup will reduce 10 per cent of its workforce, or about 20,000 employees, in the next two years in a major corporate overhaul.--IANSna/dpb",
-        "output": "In the first two weeks of 2023, 46 tech companies have laid off over 7,500 employees, continuing the trend from 2022 when over 425,000 tech employees were laid off globally, including 36,000 in India. Generative AI (GenAI) is seen as a threat to millions of jobs, contributing to the layoffs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well-known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes. This conceptual shift aligns with the goals of the emerging field of geogenomics. In the neotropics, plant geogenomics is a powerful tool for the reciprocal exploration of two long standing questions in biology and geology: how the dynamic landscape of the region came to be and how it shaped the evolution of the richest flora. Current challenges that are specific to analytical approaches for plant geogenomics are discussed. I describe the scale at which various geological questions can be addressed from biological data and what makes some groups of plants excellent model systems for geogenomics research. Although plant geogenomics is discussed with reference to the neotropics, the recommendations given here for approaches to plant geogenomics can and should be expanded to exploring long-standing questions on how the earth evolved with the use of plant DNA.",
+        "output": "Botany and geogenomics: Constraining geological hypotheses in the neotropics with large-scale genetic data derived from plants",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has removed the National Securities Depository\u2019s (NSDL\u2019s) draft red herring prospectus (DRHP) from abeyance. The move could pave way for its Rs 3,000-crore initial public offering (IPO). The markets regulator, however, is yet to provide its final observation on the DRHP. NSDL had filed its IPO document in July and Sebi had placed the DRHP in abeyance in August. Investment bankers said the regulator puts any IPO on hold if there is pending regulatory investigation or if information sought from the company or other regulatory bodies is not received on time.Cryogenic equipment maker Inox India and premium furniture brand Stanley Lifestyles have received final observations from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) to launch their initial public offerings (IPOs). Inox India\u2019s and Stanley\u2019s IPO comprise secondary share sale of 22.11 million and 9.13 million shares, respectively. Stanley also plans to raise Rs 200 crore in fresh capital through the IPO. As per the offer document, Stanley plans to use the IPO proceeds for setting up new stores and renovating existing stores.",
-        "output": "Sebi has removed NSDL's DRHP from abeyance, paving the way for its Rs 3,000-crore IPO, while Inox India and Stanley Lifestyles have received final observations from Sebi to launch their IPOs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pessary therapy as an initial treatment option compared with surgery for moderate to severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms in secondary care from a healthcare and a societal perspective.DESIGN: Economic evaluation alongside a multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial with a 24-month follow-up.SETTING: 21 hospitals in the Netherlands, recruitment conducted between 2015 and 2022.PARTICIPANTS: 1605women referred to secondary care with symptomatic prolapse stage \u22652 were requested to participate. Of them, 440women gave informed consent and were randomised to pessary therapy (n=218) or to surgery (n=222) in a 1:1 ratio stratified by hospital.INTERVENTIONS: Pessary therapy and surgery.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), a 7-point scale dichotomised into successful versus unsuccessful, with a non-inferiority margin of -10%; quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) measured by the EQ-5D-3L; healthcare and societal costs were based on medical records and the institute for Medical Technology Assessment questionnaires.RESULTS: For the PGI-I, the mean difference between pessary therapy and surgery was -0.05 (95% CI -0.14; 0.03) and -0.03 (95% CI -0.07; 0.002) for QALYs. In total, 54.1%women randomised to pessary therapy crossed over to surgery, and 3.6% underwent recurrent surgery. Healthcare and societal costs were significantly lower in the pessary therapy (mean difference=-1807, 95%CI -2172; -1446 and mean difference=-1850, 95%CI -2349; -1341, respectively). The probability that pessary therapy is cost-effective compared with surgery was 1 at willingness-to-pay thresholds between 0 and 20 000/QALY gained from both perspectives.CONCLUSIONS: Non-inferiority of pessary therapy regarding the PGI-I could not be shown and no statistically significant differences in QALYs between interventions were found. Due to significantly lower costs, pessary therapy is likely to be cost-effective compared with surgery as an initial treatment option for women with symptomatic POP treated in secondary care.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR4883.",
+        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of pessary therapy versus surgery for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: an economic evaluation alongside a randomised non-inferiority controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports, this study empirically examines the effect and mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports based on China's customs export data from 2011 to 2016. Findings - The relevant findings are threefold. (1) The digital economy significantly improves the binary margin of agricultural exports, and its effect on the intensive margin is stronger than that on the expansive margin. After the expansive margin is subdivided, the effects on the three sub-variables of the expansive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets. (2) The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the digital economy has a stronger role in promoting the binary margin of exports for enterprises in the eastern region, high-income countries as the destination of exports and state-owned enterprises. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that the digital economy promotes the binary margin of agricultural exports by reducing trade costs and intensifying market competition. Originality/value - First, in terms of research perspective, although there are some studies on the impact of the digital economy on export trade in existing literature, the research objects mainly focus on manufacturing enterprises. In fact, agricultural trade is susceptible to natural conditions and seasonal factors, and countries may impose more SPS measures and TBT measures on agricultural trade due to risk considerations. The relationship between the digital economy and agricultural trade also has its own characteristics, but there are few research studies in this area. At present, only Liu and Gao (2022), based on the data of total imports and exports of different agricultural products from 2004 to 2018, have established a vector auto-regressive model to empirically analyse the heterogeneous dynamic impact of the digital economy on the trade volume of agricultural products. In addition, Ma and Guo (2023) conducted an empirical test on the total effect, regional heterogeneity and threshold effect of the digital economy on agricultural export trade based on China's provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020. Therefore, under the new circumstances of continuous integration of digital technology and agriculture, this study interprets the impact effect and mechanism of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural exports from the perspective of the digital economy, providing new research perspectives and approaches for promoting the growth of agricultural exports. Second, in terms of theoretical analysis, the above studies have not been fully analysed in terms of the specific mechanism of the impact of the digital economy on agricultural exports. Based on the positive and negative characteristics of agricultural trade, this study introduces two kinds of roles into the theoretical analysis framework to comprehensively determine the trade impact effect of the digital economy.Third, in terms of research design, this study empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural products, passing a series of robustness tests and investigating the mediating roles of trade cost and market competition effects, producing an empirical basis for China to leverage the digital economy to promote the binary margin of agricultural exports.",
-        "output": "Digital economy and China's agricultural exports: based on trade cost and market competition effect",
+        "input": "The CO2 emission control targets (CET) allocation faces the unavoidable issues of energy equity and carbon sink equity, which are complicated by changing regional characteristics. By combining regional characteristics assessment, energy consumption status in the 1 + N policy, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling, two schemes for China's net CET allocation in 2020-2030 are implied to reveal the impacts of regional carbon sinks and renewable energy endowments differences on the allocation. The results indicate that: firstly, significant regional differences are inevitably intrinsic within China's renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks to substantially affect the equity of carbon emission allocation in 2020-2030; secondly Provinces with high fossil energy reliance, such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia, are generally facing continuous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions during the 14th FYP and 15th FYP; thirdly, as a regional ecological advantage, carbon sinks are an essential source of additional carbon budgets for provinces, as in Sichuan and Yunnan. As a dominating impact factor of carbon sinks on CET allocation, terrestrial carbon sinks are much higher than ocean carbon sinks with clear provincial attribution; fourthly, in our allocation scheme, the exploitation of renewable energy endowments directly affects the provincial carbon budget and can promote low carbon energy supply; finally, the foundation to build the CET allocation mechanism, China's carbon market needs to be improved. This study helps policymakers understand and balance the equity issues in CET allocation due to regional differences in renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks.",
+        "output": "Allocation of CO2 emission target in China under the 1+N policy: Considering natural carbon sinks and wind-solar-hydropower endowments",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 14 (IANS) Global data management solutions provider Veeam Software has reportedly laid off 300 employees.The workforce reduction came after Veeam let go 200 workers in a separate round of layoffs last year.In a post on LinkedIn, a senior campaign account manager said she and \u201croughly 300 of my colleagues\u201d were \u201celiminated\u201d as part of an \u201corganizational restructure\u201d, reports Block and Files.The company acknowledged the layoffs, without confirming the number of affected workers.\u201cWe don\u2019t publicly disclose confidential business plans but we can share we\u2019re ramping up hiring in some areas, transitioning some roles to new teams, and retiring other roles,\u201d Veeam Chief Operating Officer Matthew Bishop said in the statement.\u201cOur primary focus today is providing the best possible support to those Veeam employees impacted by the changes and assisting them to find their next career opportunity,\u201d Bishop added.Veeam, which has more than 450,000 customers, was acquired by software investor Insight Partners for $5 billion in 2020.The company also protects customers from ransomware and other cyber threats.In 2022, Indian-origin Anand Eswaran was appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and a member of the Board of Directors of Veeam.In the same year, Veeam acquired Kasten, market leader for Kubernetes backup and disaster recovery, for $150 million in a cash and stock deal.\u201c2023 was Veeam\u2019s best ever year in terms of market share \u2013 now number 1 in the global market \u2013 growth and profitability,\u201d the company said in a statement.--IANSna/uk",
-        "output": "Veeam Software, a data management solutions provider, has laid off 300 employees as part of an organizational restructure, following a previous round of layoffs affecting 200 workers last year. The company acknowledged the layoffs but did not confirm the number of affected workers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "As our understanding of the world's ocean and their history deepens, research on Marine Cultural Heritage (MCH) is increasingly vital for the preservation and maintenance of our shared cultural legacy. This paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of global MCH literature from January 1, 2000, to November 2, 2023, using Web of Science and VOSviewer. The results reveal three particularly interesting trends. Firstly, a significant increase in the volume of publications related to MCH research since 2018. Researchers in this field primarily hail from the Global North, particularly European countries, with their affiliated institutions displaying an international and diverse research profile in the MCH domain. Secondly, MCH research spans various disciplinary fields, including oceanography, environmental studies, ecology, and anthropology, forming the foundation for comprehensive MCH research. It encompasses a spectrum from traditional ecological knowledge to the impacts of climate change, extending to the influence of international law and policies. Thirdly, research hotspots in the MCH field include cultural heritage and climate change, coastal resilience and management, underwater cultural heritage, heritage conservation, and sustainable tourism, as well as Geoheritage and Geotourism. Building upon the bibliometric analysis, we provide suggestions for future research endeavors, emphasizing potential areas for further exploration and investigation.",
+        "output": "Mapping the landscape of marine cultural heritage research from 2000 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HAIFA, Israel - ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (NYSE: ZIM), a prominent container liner shipping company, has announced a large-scale deployment of advanced tracking devices from Hoopo Systems Ltd. across its dry-van container fleet. This move is expected to enhance ZIM's supply chain management capabilities by providing comprehensive tracking information, geofence alerts, door status notifications, and more.This strategic decision follows ZIM's 2022 investment in Hoopo Systems, a company known for its innovative tracking solutions for unpowered assets. Hoopo recently completed the development of hoopoSense Solar, a product tailored for the maritime industry, which will now be integrated into ZIM's container fleet.The adoption of Hoopo's technology came after extensive pilot testing, where hoopoSense Solar was compared with other leading market solutions. The results of this evaluation process highlighted Hoopo's trackers as superior in terms of technological advancement and suitability for ZIM's operational needs.Eli Glickman, President and CEO of ZIM, expressed satisfaction with the investment's outcome, emphasizing that the deployment of Hoopo's devices will significantly improve service levels and transparency for customers. Ittay Hayut, CEO & Co-Founder of Hoopo, underscored the company's commitment to providing a market-fit solution that addresses the industry's challenges and needs.ZIM's global rollout will see the installation of Hoopo's tracking devices on hundreds of thousands of containers, marking a significant technological upgrade in its operations. ZIM, founded in 1945 in Israel, operates in over 90 countries and serves approximately 34,000 customers. The company focuses on digital strategies and ESG values to offer innovative logistics services and customer experiences.Hoopo, established in 2016, specializes in power-efficient tracking solutions that deliver real-time location intelligence. The system ensures accurate asset positioning while maximizing power efficiency and cost-effectiveness.The information for this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "ZIM Integrated Shipping Services Ltd. (ZIM) has deployed Hoopo Systems Ltd.'s advanced tracking devices across its dry-van container fleet to enhance supply chain management capabilities, providing comprehensive tracking information, geofence alerts, and door status notifications. This move follows ZIM's 2022 investment in Hoopo Systems, a company known for its innovative tracking solutions for unpowered assets.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper is concerned with a kind of Bobwhite quail population model x n + 1 = A + B x n + x n x n - 1 x n - 2 , n = 0 , 1 , \u22ef , where the parameters and initial values are positive parabolic fuzzy numbers. According to g-division of fuzzy sets and based on the symmetrical parabolic fuzzy numbers, the conditional stability of this model is proved. Besides the existence, boundedness and persistence of its unique positive fuzzy solution. When some fuzzy stability conditions are satisfied, the model evolution exhibits oscillations with return to a fixed fuzzy equilibrium no matter what the initial value is. This phenomena provided a vivid counterexample to Allee effect in density-dependent populations of organisms. As a supplement, two numerical examples with data-table are interspersed to illustrate the effectiveness. Our findings have been verified precise with collected northern bobwhite data in Texas, and will help to form some efficient density estimates for wildlife populations of universal applications.",
+        "output": "Dynamic analysis of a fuzzy Bobwhite quail population model under g-division law.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) Inflows of US$ 10.1bn in December 2320 are the highest ever monthly inflows recorded in a single month, a research by  Bank of Baroda  (NS:BOB) said.The report said that the FPI flows into India witnessed a turnaround in 2023, registering inflows of US$ 28.7bn compared with outflows of US$ 17.9bn in 2022.\u201cInflows in 2023 were the highest since 2017, when FPIs poured in US$ 30.8bn in the domestic market. However, true to their nature, FPI flows exhibited a great deal of volatility throughout the year,\u201d the report said.The report said that after a dismal start, FPI flow into India picked up pace, cumulatively totaling US$ 28.7bn in 2023.\u201cWhile equity segment continued to outperform, encouraging trend was also visible in the debt segment, particularly in the last few months of the year,\u201d the report said.It said that the improved corporate profitability, stable domestic macros, range-bound inflation and a stable political environment favour India as a preferred investment destination.The report said that the India\u2019s inclusion in JP Morgan\u2019s bond index in June 24 as well as hopes that India might subsequently be included in other bond indices has been a key driver of FPI inflows in the debt segment.\u201cThe trend is likely to persist and gather more pace in the first 2-quarters of 2024,\u201d the report said.It said that this will be positive for INR, which is likely to trade with an appreciating bias in 2024.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "In December 2023, India witnessed record-breaking FPI inflows of $10.1 billion, marking a significant turnaround from outflows in 2022. The inflows were driven by improved corporate profitability, stable domestic macros, and India's inclusion in JP Morgan's bond index.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Background Contextually tailored, arts-based HIV prevention strategies hold potential to advance adolescent sexual health and wellbeing. We examined HIV prevention outcomes associated with arts-based sexual health workshop participation with Northern and Indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada.Methods An Indigenous community-based youth agency delivered arts-based workshops in school settings to adolescents aged 13-18 in 24 NWT communities. Pre and post-test surveys included socio-demographic characteristics, sexually infections (STI) knowledge, HIV/STI risk perception, sexual relationship equity, condom use self-efficacy, and safer sex efficacy (SSE). Latent change score models were conducted to assess pre-post differences and factors associated with these differences.Results Among participants (n = 344; mean age 14.3 years, SD: 1.3; Indigenous: 79%) most (66%) had previously attended this workshop. Latent change score models revealed a significant and large effect size for increased STI knowledge (beta = 2.10, SE = 0.48, p < .001) and significant and small effect sizes for increased HIV/STI risk perception (beta = 0.24, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and SSE (beta = 0.16, SE = 0.07, p = .02). The largest increases across several outcomes occurred with first time workshop participants; yet previous workshop participants continued to report increases in HIV/STI risk perception and SSE.Conclusion Arts-based HIV prevention approaches show promise in advancing STI knowledge, risk perception, and SSE with Northern and Indigenous youth.",
+        "output": "Human immunodeficiency virus prevention outcomes associated with arts-based sexual health workshop participation among Northern and Indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are among the most common bacterial infections in primary care. Given the health threats related to the overuse of antibiotics, alternative options are of increasing importance. Patient-reported outcome measures are valuable tools for including the patients' perspective when evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. Aiming to identify a suitable instrument to measure the severity and bothersomeness of UTI symptoms in women, we performed a systematic review of the literature and identified the Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score (HCUTI), which measures the severity, bothersomeness, and impact of uncomplicated UTIs on daily activities. This instrument showed sufficient content validity but needs translation and further validation before it can be used in German research.OBJECTIVE: For use in the German setting, we aim (1) to perform translation and linguistic validation of the HCUTI and (2) to evaluate content validity and psychometric properties of the German version of the HCUTI in a population of women with uncomplicated UTIs.METHODS: The HCUTI will be translated and linguistically validated using the dual-panel method. This process involves a bilingual translation panel and a lay panel to check the comprehensibility of the translation. Content validity of the translated questionnaire will be assessed using cognitive interviews according to the criteria for good content validity as recommended by the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) group involving women with uncomplicated UTIs and health care professionals. Subsequent psychometric validation of the German version of the HCUTI in a population of women with uncomplicated UTIs will include the assessment of structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability.RESULTS: Results of the translation and linguistic validation process and the results of the content validity study were obtained in September 2023 and will be published separately. Data on the psychometric properties of the German version of the HCUTI are anticipated in mid-2024.CONCLUSIONS: We expect that data from the content validity study will provide important suggestions for potential modifications of the HCUTI for use in the German setting. The final version of the questionnaire will be used for the assessment of its psychometric properties in a large population of women with uncomplicated UTIs.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/49903.",
-        "output": "Content Validity and Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Protocol for a Validation Study.",
+        "input": "The emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia is a topic of significant research interest. However, well-preserved human fossils in secure, dateable contexts in this region are extremely rare, and often the subject of intense debate owing to stratigraphic and geochronological problems. Tongtianyan cave, in Liujiang District of Liuzhou City, southern China is one of the most important fossils finds of H. sapiens, though its age has been debated, with chronometric dates ranging from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene. Here we provide new age estimates and revised provenience information for the Liujiang human fossils, which represent one of the most complete fossil skeletons of H. sapiens in China. U-series dating on the human fossils and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating on the fossil-bearing sediments provided ages ranging from ~33,000 to 23,000 years ago (ka). The revised age estimates correspond with the dates of other human fossils in northern China, at Tianyuan Cave (~40.8-38.1 ka) and Zhoukoudian Upper Cave (39.0-36.3 ka), indicating the geographically widespread presence of H. sapiens across Eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene, which is significant for better understanding human dispersals and adaptations in the region.",
+        "output": "New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The archaeological World Heritage Site of Hegra (Mada ' in Salih, Al-Hijr), in Saudi Arabia, is often considered the southern capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. Positioned just northeast of the AlUla Valley (where ancient Dadan is located), the Nabataeans recreated several aspects of their northern capital, Petra. They carved more than 130 tombs into the sandstone outcrops of which nearly a hundred had a monumental character with ornate facades of exceptional beauty and deep sense of enduring. In February 2023, our international, multidisciplinary research team conducted a field campaign in Hegra. Our objective was to measure the orientation of Nabataean tombs and sanctuaries in the area, which could offer new clues to aspects of Nabataean culture and religion that we had studied in earlier works at Petra, and elsewhere in Nabataea. This paper includes the analysis and interpretation of the data on the orientation of 113 tombs, including all monumental ones, the largest coherent set of Nabataean tombs ever analyzed. The results show that the tombs were not randomly orientated but followed a series of patterns, most probably emphasizing the skyscape, within the framework of the Nabataean lunisolar calendar religious festivals, and, on occasions, also the local landscape.",
-        "output": "Land- and Skyscapes of Hegra: An Archaeoastronomical Analysis of the Nabataean Necropoleis",
+        "input": "This study investigated the impact of local government spending on mental health in England between 2013 and 2019. Guided by the Health in All Policies vision, which encourages the integration of health in all decision-making areas, we explored how healthcare and multiple nonmedical budgeting decisions related to population mental health. We used random curve general cross-lagged modelling to dynamically partition effects into the short-run (from t to t+1) and long-run (from t to t+2) impacts, account for unobserved area-level heterogeneity and reverse causality from health outcomes to financial investments, and comprehensive modelling of budget items as an interconnected system. Our findings revealed that spending in adult social care, healthcare, and law & order predicted long-term mental health gains (0.004-0.081 SDs increase for each additional 10% in expenditure). However, these sectors exhibited negative short-term impulses (0.012-0.077 SDs decrease for each additional 10% in expenditure), markedly offsetting the long-term gains. In turn, infrastructural and environmental spending related to short-run mental health gains (0.005-0.031 SDs increase for each additional 10% in expenditure), while the long-run effects were predominantly negative (0.005-0.028 SDs decrease for each additional 10% in expenditure). The frequent occurrence of short-run and long-run negative links suggested that government resources may not be effectively reaching the areas that are most in need. In the short-term, negative effects could also imply temporary disruptions to service delivery largely uncompensated by later mental health improvements. Nonetheless, some non-health spending policies, such as law & order and infrastructure, can be related to long-lasting positive mental health impacts.",
+        "output": "Local government spending and mental health: Untangling the impacts using a dynamic modelling approach.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the simulation teaching of congenital malformations.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis between an experimental group that received traditional teaching supplemented with 3D printing model demonstrations and hands-on model operation, and a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Various parameters, including classroom interest, classroom interaction, learning enthusiasm, disease awareness, teaching satisfaction, and independent operation confidence, were assessed, along with theoretical and practical tests.RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in theoretical test scores between the two groups (91.92\u00b115.04 vs. 89.44\u00b114.89), but the practical test revealed a significantly higher number of qualified trainees in the experimental group compared to the control group (23 vs. 8). In terms of classroom engagement, both groups exhibited similar levels of interest (8.08\u00b11.52 vs. 8.74\u00b10.984), classroom interaction (7.88\u00b11.97 vs. 8.7\u00b11.33), learning enthusiasm (8.81\u00b11.021 vs. 8.52\u00b11.189), and disease awareness (8.58\u00b10.99 vs. 8.58\u00b10.99). However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher teaching satisfaction (8.81\u00b11.06 vs. 9.19\u00b10.96) and greater operation confidence (7.67\u00b12.56 vs. 5.5\u00b12.79) than the control group.CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized to create surgical teaching models, enhancing the confidence of standardized training doctors and improving teaching outcomes.",
-        "output": "Feasibility and impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in simulated teaching of congenital malformations.",
+        "input": "This article suggests a new interpretative framework for Article 27(2) of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits sexual violence against women in armed conflict. One specific aspect of this norm is particularly controversial: the notion of 'honour' has often been criticised as an obsolete concept linked to an outdated view of female morality. In the absence of a definition of the term, this article examines whether the gendered limitations of the norm can be overcome and the extent to which an evolutive interpretation of the concept is feasible. It argues that the concept of 'honour' can be treated as a generic term that is subject to evolutive interpretation, allowing for a renewed and gender-sensitive understanding to be developed, aligned with the concept of human dignity.",
+        "output": "FROM FEMALE MORALITY TO HUMAN DIGNITY: AN EVOLUTIVE INTERPRETATION OF 'HONOUR' UNDER ARTICLE 27(2) OF THE FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India's markets regulator said on Monday it will go ahead with a plan to allow the settlement of equity market trades within the same day as it looks for ways to help Indian retail investors, provided there were no \"serious objections\" from market participants.India in January transitioned to a plan where trades are settled in one business day. The Sebi now plans to add an option - by October 2024 - to allow settlements instantly, Reuters had reported in September.Offshore investors have been pushing back on the Securities and Exchange Board of India's (Sebi) instant settlement move on fears that two cycles would lead to a fragmented system and add to the cost of trading, Reuters reported last month.Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) whole-time member Ananth Narayan said on Monday that the regulator is \"conscious\" that the introduction of the new settlement plan should not lead to any fragmentation of market liquidity.\"Any framework for optional same day settlement - which will be with adequate consultation - will have elements to ensure that any such concerns are adequately addressed,\" Narayan said at Mumbai's The Network Forum Asia, a forum of offshore investors and custodian banks.\"If there are serious objections, we will not do it, but we are presently exploring instant settlement in a non-disruptive manner,\" he added.Narayan added that Sebi had formed a working group to ease regulations and the registration process for offshore funds under the chairmanship of a former Sebi whole-time member.Separately, he said Sebi is \"cognizant\" of the growing breed of retail investors trading in the derivatives market and will keep issuing warnings on the risks involved.",
-        "output": "India's market regulator, Sebi, plans to implement instant settlement of equity market trades by October 2024, despite concerns from offshore investors about market fragmentation and increased trading costs. Sebi is also forming a working group to ease regulations and registration for offshore funds.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is less common than left-sided infective endocarditis (LSIE) and exhibits distinct epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Previous studies have focused primarily on RSIE in patients with intravenous drug use. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors for RSIE in an area where intravenous drug use is uncommon. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis between November 2005 and August 2017 were categorized into LSIE and RSIE groups. Of the 406 patients, 365 (89.9%) had LSIE and 41 (10.1%) had RSIE. The mortality rates were 31.7% in the RSIE group and 31.5% in the LSIE group (P=0.860). Patients with RSIE had a higher prevalence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus (29.3% vs. 13.7%, P=0.016), coagulase-negative staphylococci (17.1% vs. 6.0%, P=0.022), and gram-negative bacilli other than HACEK (12.2% vs. 2.2%, P=0.003). Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-0.99, P=0.006), implanted cardiac devices (aOR 37.75, 95% CI 11.63-141.64, P\u22640.001), and central venous catheterization (aOR 4.25, 95% CI 1.14-15.55, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for RSIE. Treatment strategies that consider the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of RSIE are warranted.",
+        "output": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for right-sided infective endocarditis in Korea: a 12-year retrospective cohort study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In mammals, beta-catenin participates in innate immune process through interaction with NF-kappaB signaling pathway. However, its role in teleost immune processes remains largely unknown. We aimed to clarify the function of beta-catenin in the natural defense mechanism of Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus). beta-catenin exhibited a ubiquitous expression pattern in adult fish, as indicated by real-time PCR analysis. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI: C) and Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) challenges, beta-catenin increased in gill, intestine, liver and kidney, indicating that beta-catenin likely plays a pivotal role in the immune response against pathogen infiltration. Inhibition of the beta-catenin pathway using FH535, an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, resulting in pathological damage of the gill, intestine, liver and kidney, significant decrease of innate immune factors (C3, defb3, LYZ-C, INF-gamma), upregulation of inflammatory factors (NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8), and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Following A. hydrophila invasion, the mortality rate in the FH535 treatment group exceeded that of the control group. In addition, the diversity of intestinal microflora decreased and the community structure was uneven after FH535 treatment. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that beta-catenin plays a vital role in combating pathogen invasion and regulating intestinal flora in Qi river crucian carp.",
-        "output": "Roles of beta-catenin in innate immune process and regulating intestinal flora in Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus).",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: Interactions with caregivers during the ordinary activities that occur as families go about their everyday lives are critical to supporting children's acquisition of social communication and language skills. The purpose of this study was to examine child communication and parent verbal responsiveness across interaction contexts in 211 children (Mage = 20 months) on the autism spectrum (n = 121), with developmental delay (n = 46), or with typical development (n = 44).METHOD: Families participated in up to eight activities during an hour-long, video-recorded home observation. We tested differences in the strength of associations between diagnostic group and interaction context using linear mixed-effects models, with child rate per minute of communication and proportions of parent follow-in comments and directives as outcome variables. Child communicative functions expressed across contexts were also examined.RESULTS: Children across groups communicated at significantly higher rates per minute during book sharing and play with people compared to other interaction contexts. Most child communication was for the function of joint attention during book sharing, for social interaction during play with people, and for behavior regulation during necessary activities such as family chores and meals. On average, parents of children responded using proportionally more follow-in comments during book sharing and play compared to necessary activities, during which parents used more follow-in directives.CONCLUSION: Results provide a glimpse into the dyadic communication that may occur within everyday activities at home, which supports the need for future intervention research and may aid clinicians seeking to identify activities that serve as important contexts for intervention.",
+        "output": "Social Communication and Parent Verbal Responsiveness Across Interaction Contexts in Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies.",
-        "output": "Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city.",
+        "input": "Evacuations require people to leave their homes and seek temporary accommodations for varying lengths of time. However, although studies of evacuation and return-entry examine travel to and from short-term evacuation destinations, prior work overlooks relocations from one destination to another during long-term evacuations. In this study we use novel spatial-social network data from a household mail survey administered in three US regions (Akron, OH, Philadelphia, PA, and State College, PA) to examine people's decisions to relocate from short-term to long-term evacuation destinations. To understand these decisions, we used a CatBoost classification algorithm to examine the significance of demographic and evacuation-related factors, including social support from family and friends at evacuation and relocation destinations, that affect relocation decision-making during evacuations lasting up to two months. We find that a majority of respondents plan to remain at a single destination during a long-term evacuation and tend to receive support, such as accommodations, from family and friends at these destinations. In contrast, respondents who plan to relocate tend to lack support from family and friends at long-term destinations. While relocation decisions are influenced by multiple factors, travel to remote evacuation destinations and lack of social support at these destinations have the greatest influence on relocation decision-making. In contrast, no demographic attributes show statistically significant correlation with relocation decisions. By revealing evacuees' intended short- and long-term evacuation and relocation destinations, and social support available to evacuees at these locations, the study's findings offer implications for the strategic management of large-scale evacuation and return-entry processes.",
+        "output": "Relocation and Social Support during Large-Scale Evacuations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chennai, Jan 15 (IANS) Broking company Motilal Oswal (NS:MOFS) Financial Services Ltd has recommended that investors buy shares of  HCL Technologies  Ltd (NS:HCLT) while remaining neutral on Wipro (NS:WIPR) Ltd\u2019s shares.According to Motilal Oswal, a buy recommendation means the stock would give a return of over 15 per cent over a 12 month period.In a report, Motilal Oswal said HCLT delivered a robust 3QFY24 performance, with a six per cent quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) revenue growth in constant currency (CC) terms.This growth was driven by seasonal gains in HCL Software (P&P), which rose 34 per cent QoQ. HCLT\u2019s Services grew 3.1 per cent QoQ in CC terms with healthy growth in both the IT and ER&D verticals.\u201cWe were impressed by the strong beat on both Services and P&P from the company, despite various macro headwinds that have led to a decline in growth among key competitors. More importantly, the implied 4Q guidance for the Services vertical indicates that it will grow next quarter despite lower deal wins and a high base.\u201cThis is in contrast with peers who have indicated a tough quarter led by macro challenges. In our view, this should help HCLT narrow the valuation gap with our coverage universe,\u201d Motilal Oswal said.According to the broking company, the strong growth guidance and margin performance in a weak demand environment should boost investor confidence on HCLT\u2019s business and reduce the valuation gap with larger Tier-1 peers.\u201cHCLT remains our top pick in the IT Services coverage for 2024. After the strong 3Q results and beat, we have raised our FY24-26E EPS by 3 per cent to 4 per cent. We reiterate our BUY rating with a TP (Target Price) of Rs1,880, as we roll forward our P/E-based valuation to FY26 and assign a multiple of 24x,\u201d Motilal Oswal said.The stock is currently changing hands at about Rs.1,581 per share. As regards Wipro, the broking company said the former\u2019s third quarter was positive given that the company struggled to deliver on expectation over the last few quarters due to macro headwinds.Moreover, the management commentary on higher deal wins in the Consulting vertical indicates that the drag from that segment is now bottoming out, which should help improve overall growth, Motilal Oswal said.According to Motilal Oswal, Wipro\u2019s weak 4QFY24 revenue growth guidance is a concern, along with unchanged commentary on demand and discretionary spending.Motilal Oswal expects WIPRO to return to growth in FY25 after posting a decline in FY24, the weak base should result in revenue growth lower than that of peers.Maintaining a neutral stance on Wipro\u2019s scrip, Motilal Oswal said its target price for the former\u2019s shares is Rs.520 based on 19x FY26E earnings per share (EPS). The Wipro shares are changing hands at around Rs.498 at BSE.--IANSvj/rad",
-        "output": "Motilal Oswal recommends buying HCL Technologies shares due to its robust 3QFY24 performance, strong growth guidance, and margin performance, while maintaining a neutral stance on Wipro shares due to concerns over weak 4QFY24 revenue growth guidance and unchanged commentary on demand.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the health and economic outcomes of a PCV13 or PCV15 age-based (65years-and-above) vaccination program in Switzerland.INTERVENTIONS: The three vaccination strategies examined were:Target population: All adults aged 65years-and-above. Perspective(s): Switzerland health care payer.TIME HORIZON: 35years. Discount rate: 3.0%. Costing year: 2023 Swiss Francs (CHF).STUDY DESIGN: A static Markov state-transition model.DATA SOURCES: Published literature and publicly available databases or reports.OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumococcal diseases (PD) i.e., invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP); total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (CHF/QALY gained).RESULTS: Using an assumed coverage of 60%, the PCV15 strategy prevented a substantially higher number of cases/deaths than the PCV13 strategy when compared to the No vaccination strategy (1,078 IPD; 21,155 NBPP; 493 deaths). The overall total QALYs were 10,364,620 (PCV15), 10,364,070 (PCV13), and 10,362,490 (no vaccination). The associated overall total costs were CHF 741,949,814 (PCV15), CHF 756,051,954 (PCV13) and CHF 698,329,579 (no vaccination). Thus, the PCV13 strategy was strongly dominated by the PCV15 strategy. The ICER of the PCV15 strategy (vs. no vaccination) was CHF 20,479/QALY gained. In two scenario analyses where the vaccine effectiveness for serotype 3 were reduced (75% to 39.3% for IPD; 45% to 23.6% for NBPP) and NBPP incidence was increased (from 1,346 to 1,636/100,000), the resulting ICERs were CHF 29,432 and CHF 13,700/QALY gained, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the qualitative results-the estimated ICERs for the PCV15 strategy (vs. No vaccination) were all below CHF 30,000/QALYs gained.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that using PCV15 among adults aged 65years-and-above can prevent a substantial number of PD cases and deaths while remaining cost-effective over a range of inputs and scenarios.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the health and economic outcomes of a PCV15 vaccination program for adults aged 65years-and-above in Switzerland.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Low admission rates at Polish medical universities led many students to study abroad. Ukraine provided an appealing option for years. The purpose of the study is to investigate the most important factors that motived Polish students enrolled at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in Ukraine to pursue medical and dentistry studies in lower middle-income countries, just before the outbreak of the war. It has become incredibly important to determine crucial economic and non-economic factors.METHODS: The paper draws on a quantitative survey (N=94) conducted among medical and dental students from Poland who had studied at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in Ukraine using a semi-structured questionnaire. To test whether there was a relationship between the importance of the motives, Pearson's chi-square independence test was employed.RESULTS: The study found the key economic and non-economic factors for pursuing Ukrainian studies were rejection from Polish tuition-free programs, lower Ukrainian tuition and living costs compared to Poland and to other European Union countries. Determining reasons for choosing Ternopil University were recruiter and friend recommendations and its prestige among Ukrainian medical schools. Gender influenced the ranking of motives.CONCLUSION: The article examines the unique pre-war educational migration from Poland to Ukraine - occurring counter to typical flows from lower to higher a lower income country. The study showed that universities should strengthen recruiting efforts and highlight competitive tuition and living costs to attract international students, especially from relatively more developed nations.",
-        "output": "Factors of pre-war educational migration: an investigation of polish medical and dental students in Ukraine.",
+        "input": "During the fire in April 2019, part of the central vaulting of the nave of Notre-Dame de Paris collapsed beneath the impact of the fallen spire. The blocks composing the transverse arch were decontaminated, then subjected to archeological examination prior to attempting to dry-mount them (i.e., without mortar) on the ground. The purpose was to collect as much information as possible about the arch itself (its state of conservation, geometry, fashioning of the blocks, assembly, etc.), to consider the possibility of putting the fallen stones back in their original places, and more broadly to improve knowledge about mediaeval cathedral vaulting. This article describes the method used during this mounting, which took place in winter 2020/21. Five criteria of differing kind and importance guided decisions on where to place the voussoirs, which way round to position them, and which to associate with which. Three were taken into consideration from the outset, with the interpretation of two of these changing over time: the non-standardized dimension of the voussoirs (their thickness), the presence of a cross mark on one of the joint faces, and the presence of rectangular notches on the extrados of the blocks for housing the end of a centering system for constructing the vault compartments. Two other criteria were incorporated as work progressed, pertaining to the order in which the blocks were collected after the fire, and the geological facies of the stones, thus introducing the idea of degree of confidence. By the end of this operation, only four blocks had been placed with certainty. Nevertheless, the criteria thereby defined and their weighting have been used as a starting point for other investigation methods. In terms of archaeology, the observations carried out on this arch in these exceptional conditions suggest we should reconsider the dating of the nave vaulting, while throwing light more broadly on the relative chronology of building works on this landmark monument of Gothic architecture. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Reconstructing the fallen arch of Notre-Dame. New insights into Gothic vault-building",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "GOTHENBURG - Swedish industrial company SKF announced it will release its full-year financial results for 2023 on January 31, 2024. The report will be made available at approximately 07:00 Central European Time (CET).Following the release of the financial data, SKF has scheduled a webcast for investors, analysts, and members of the media. The webcast, which will be conducted in English, is set to begin at 08:00 CET on the same day. Participants are advised to join the webcast at least ten minutes prior to the start time by using the provided link or dialing into the provided phone numbers with the passcode 027223.The company has also arranged for post-webcast interviews with Rickard Gustafson, President and CEO, and Niclas Rosenlew, CFO. These interviews can be scheduled through Carl Bjernstam, Head of Media Relations at SKF.All relevant materials and information regarding SKF's financial results will be accessible on the Group's investor relations website.This announcement comes as investors and stakeholders in the manufacturing sector anticipate the performance details of major industry players. SKF, a leading bearing and seal manufacturing company, has a significant presence in the global industrial market. The upcoming financial results will provide insights into the company's operational and financial health over the past year.Interested parties can access the webcast and additional information through SKF's investor relations page. The company's contact for press inquiries is Carl Bjernstam, and for investor relations, Patrik Stenberg.This report is based on a press release statement from SKF.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "SKF, a Swedish industrial company, will release its full-year financial results for 2023 on January 31, 2024, at 07:00 CET, followed by a webcast for investors and media at 08:00 CET.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article contributes to the scholarly discourse on the repercussions of trade liberalization in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that contributed to early globalization, offering a perspective that extends beyond the traditional focus on Atlantic economies. Our study centres on East and Southeast Asia, pivotal in Pacific and Indian Ocean trade. We overcome data scarcity by presenting a new, partner-disaggregated imports dataset spanning 10 ports across the region from 1795 to 1839. Employing a gravity model and incorporating interactions, we assess the degree of intra-Asian trade and its evolution following key events that liberalized East and Southeast Asian commerce in a period when measurable global integration started to become apparent. Supporting new Asian scholarship, our results highlight the remarkable intra-Asian trade before the high colonial era. We also show that, in general, colonial trade policies fostering inter-continental trade disproportionately augmented colonial imports in East and Southeast Asia, eclipsing gains in intra-Asian or Pacific trade, especially before 1830. We explore the impact of the influx of British textiles in the region as a mechanism to explain these trends. Our study illuminates complex trade dynamics in East and Southeast Asia during a transformative period of measurable global integration.",
+        "output": "Breaking free? The evolution of intra-Asian trade at the dawn of globalization (1795-1839)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study investigates the intricate and enduring interplay of historical events, human activities, and natural processes shaping the landscape of North European Plain in western Poland over 230years. Topographic maps serve as reliable historical data sources to quantify changes in forest, grassland, and wetland areas, scrutinizing their fragmentation and persistence. The primary objectives are to identify the permanent areas of the landscape and propose a universal cartographic visualization method for effectively mapping these changes. Using topographic maps and historical data, this research quantifies land cover changes, especially in forest, grassland, and wetland areas. With the help of retrogressive method we process raster historical data into vector-based information. Over time, wetlands experienced a substantial reduction, particularly in 1960-1982, attributed to both land reclamation and environmental factors. Grassland areas fluctuated, influenced by wetland and drier habitat dynamics. Fragmentation in grassland areas poses biodiversity and ecosystem health concerns, whereas forested areas showed limited fluctuations, with wetland forests nearly disappearing. These findings highlight wetland ecosystems' sensitivity to human impacts and emphasize the need to balance conservation and sustainable development to preserve ecological integrity. This study advances landscape dynamics understanding, providing insights into historical, demographic, economic, and environmental transformations. It underscores the imperative for sustainable land management and conservation efforts to mitigate human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity in the North European Plain.",
-        "output": "Permanent areas and changes in forests, grasslands, and wetlands in the North European Plain since the eighteenth century-a case study of the Koscian Plain in Poland.",
+        "input": "Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with \u22655,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.",
+        "output": "Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BofA analysts raised the price target for Marvell Technology (NASDAQ:MRVL) to $80 per share from $68 in a note Thursday, based on the custom AI chip ramp.The price target increase comes after the investment bank met with the company's management team at the CES tradeshow in Las Vegas this week. They noted solid cloud AI demand trends at the company. \"Our discussions with NVDA and MRVL were very positive, with both vendors (along with AVGO, AMD) supplying critical compute and networking parts to cloud customers,\" said BofA. \"The MRVL discussion indicated their custom AI chip ramp could be 1.5-2x the $250mn/$450mn we assumed prior for CY24/25E.\"One of the takeaways from the meeting was that as custom silicon and accelerator demand drives market growth, MRVL sees it as feasible that custom silicon becomes a much larger part of the business. Furthermore, it was initially assumed CY24 AI revenue would be $800 million, with the majority being optics, but they now see it exceeding previous targets \"as custom silicon gains traction (though still more optics weighted).\"",
-        "output": "BofA analysts raised Marvell Technology's price target to $80 due to strong cloud AI demand and the potential for custom AI chip revenue to exceed $800 million in CY24.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by some marine dinoflagellates can cause severe human intoxication via vectors like bivalves. Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum produce a novel group of hydroxybenzoate PSTs named GC toxins, but their biokinetics in bivalves haven't been well examined. In this experiment, we analyzed PSTs in bay scallops Argopecten irradians exposed to G. catenatum (strain MEL11) to determine their accumulation, elimination, anatomical distribution, and biotransformation. To our surprise, up to 30% of the PSTs were accumulated in the adductor muscle of scallops at the end of the experiment, and the toxicity of adductor muscle exceeded the regulatory limit of 800mug STXeq/kg in only 6 days. High concentration of toxins in the adductor muscle are likely linked to the rapid transfer of GC toxins from viscera to other tissues. Moreover, most GC toxins in scallops were found rapidly transformed to decarbamoyl toxins through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis, which was further supported by the in vitro incubation experiments. Our study demonstrates that GC toxins actively participate in toxin distribution and transformation in scallops, which may increase the risks of food poisoning associated with the consumption of scallop adductor muscle. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The negative impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become a global environmental concern under the joint effects of cultural eutrophication and climate change. Our study, targeted on the biokinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallops exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum producing unique GC toxins, aims to elucidate potential risks of seafood poisoning associated with GC toxins. The findings of this study will help us to understand the roles of GC toxins in seafood poisoning, and to develop effective management strategies against toxic algal blooms and phycotoxins.",
+        "output": "Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) are down more than 3% in pre-market trading Friday morning after the electric automaker officially reduced the price of their Model 3 and Model Y in China, with cuts ranging from Rmb6.5k to Rmb15.5k.According to channel checks conducted by Morgan Stanley, the reduction was more moderate than what the market had anticipated. The revised MSRP for the entry-level Model 3 and Model Y now stands at Rmb245.9k and Rmb258.9k, respectively.As a response to recent price cuts by both Li Auto (NASDAQ:LI) and Tesla, analysts at Morgan Stanley predict that investors will be closely monitoring for additional reactive price adjustments from local competitors. The market is expected to react negatively to these price reductions, particularly affecting mass-market peers such as BYD and XPeng (NYSE:XPEV).Major OEMs may engage in price competition to secure more orders, especially considering their low order backlogs amid the year-end sales push, except for those with new launches like Aito and XPeng.Tesla also revealed it will temporarily halt most production at its Model Y plant near Berlin from January 29 to February 11. This suspension is attributed to a response from suppliers adjusting transport routes due to attacks on vessels in the Red Sea.Morgan Stanley anticipates a prioritization of destocking over new launches in March/April, with no relief expected in price competition until the Lunar New Year in February.Shares of TSLA are down 3% in pre-market trading Friday morning.",
-        "output": "Tesla's Model 3 and Model Y prices in China have been reduced by Rmb6.5k to Rmb15.5k, leading to a 3% pre-market drop in TSLA shares. The production of Model Y near Berlin will be halted from January 29 to February 11 due to supplier issues.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We performed magnetic and GPR measurements to image the buried ruins of the Middle Age abbey San Pietro in Crapolla, on the Sorrento-Amalfi Coast (Massa Lubrense, Southern Italy). The site represents an important religious location, which is nowadays partially buried along the cliff. An integrated study was necessary to map the buried structures and address the archaeological excavation. For this reason, we carried out the surveys on two main grids in order to reconstruct the structures of the abbey and of its related church. The magnetic data were filtered through the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and then transformed to total gradient maps. The obtained maps were interpreted with depth from extreme points (DEXP) imaging method to assess the horizontal and depth positions of the top. The GPR data were processed and time-depth converted. Results from the integrated interpretation of these data suggest the possible presence of different vaulted rooms and an elongated structure at 0.3-m depth from ground surface. This latter is interpretable in terms of perimetral and internal walls of the abbey and its church. These outcomes were crucial to successfully address archaeological excavations, which targeted one of the modelled areas and unearthed a wall at the predicted depths.",
+        "output": "Magnetic and GPR Data Modelling via Multiscale Methods in San Pietro in Crapolla Abbey, Massa Lubrense (Naples)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Because the term diversity has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice-oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel's critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.'s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel's critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice-oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel's call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion.",
-        "output": "Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science",
+        "input": "It is more than thirty years since Ayatollah Khomeini, the supreme leader of Iran, issued a fatwa (religious decree) calling for the execution of the British-Indian novelist Salman Rushdie, whose third novel, The Satanic Verses, was published in 1988. But the 'Rushdie Affair' has yet to be subject to a sustained analysis by historians. Journalists and political scientists continue to focus on the fatwa, despite the fact the protests against the novel in Britain - where The Satanic Verses is primarily set - predated Khomeini's decree by two months. This article fills this lacuna by shifting attention onto the emergence of the campaign against The Satanic Verses in Britain and in Bradford especially, where a copy of Rushdie's 'blasphemous' novel was infamously burnt by Muslim protestors. It shows how an earlier set of campaigns fought in Bradford by Muslim activists paved the way for the city to become a key site of protest against both Rushdie and his novel. The protests that greeted The Satanic Verses were shaped by the contradictory nature of Britain's emergence as a multicultural society, I argue, and the political complexities thrown up by the hybridized milieu Rushdie had sought to use his fiction to evoke.",
+        "output": "The Rushdie Affair and the Politics of Multicultural Britain",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Iran in 2022.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Primary care centres in Iran were selected from slums.PARTICIPANTS: Our study included 400 participants with T2D using a systematic random sampling method. Patients were included if they lived in slums for at least five consecutive years, were over 18 years old and did not have intellectual disabilities.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES: A self-report questionnaire was used to assess cost-coping strategies vis-a-vis T2D expenditures and factors influencing them, as well as forgone care among slum dwellers.RESULTS: Of the 400 patients who participated, 53.8% were female. Among the participants, 27.8% were illiterate, but 30.3% could read and write. 75.8% had income below 40million Rial. There was an association between age, education, income, basic insurance, supplemental insurance and cost-coping strategies (p<0.001). 88.2% of those with first university degree used health insurance and 34% of illiterate people used personal savings. 79.8% of people with income over 4million Rial reported using insurance to cope with healthcare costs while 55% of those with income under 4million Rial reported using personal savings and a combination of health insurance and personal savings to cope with healthcare costs. As a result of binary logistic regression, illiterate people (adjusted OR=16, 95% CI 3.65 to 70.17), individuals with low income (OR 5.024, 95%CI 2.42 to 10.41) and people without supplemental insurance (OR 1.885, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.37) are more likely to use other forms of cost-coping strategies than health insurance.CONCLUSIONS: As a result of insufficient use of insurance, cost-coping strategies used by slum dwellers vis-a-vis T2D expenditures do not protect them from financial risks. Expanding universal health coverage and providing supplemental insurance for those with T2D living in slums are recommended. Iran Health Insurance should adequately cover the costs of T2D care for slum dwellers so that they do not need to use alternative strategies.",
-        "output": "Financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system in Iran: a cross-sectional study among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes.",
+        "input": "Objectives: Studies suggest that melatonin may promote cardiovascular protection. Previous trials have primarily been performed on co -morbid patients. Little information exist on the effect in postmenopausal women with general good health. Design, participants and intervention: In a double -blinded placebo-controlled study, we randomized 41 postmenopausal women to either 10 mg melatonin per day or placebo for 3 months. Outcome measures: Outcomes of the trial was changes in blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and quality of sleep evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Thirty-nine women completed the study. Mean age was 63 years (range 55-75 years). Over the 3 months of the trial, PWV did not differ between groups: Placebo 1.1% (IQR -2.1;9.9) vs. melatonin 0.0% (IQR-9.8;4.1), p = 0.43). The were no significant differences in blood pressure bewteen melatonin and placebo group. Both groups had a pour quality of sleep at baseline (placebo: PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.3; 8.8) vs. melatonin PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.0; 10.0), p = 0.94), which did not change in response to treatment. Conclusion: In healthy postmenopausal women, supplementation with 10 mg melatonin was well-tolerated, but we did not observe any significant improvements in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure or quality of sleep compared with placebo.",
+        "output": "Effects of melatonin on blood pressure, arterial stiffness and quality of life in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) IT stocks are the top gainers on BSE after  Infosys  (NS:INFY) and TCS announced their quarterly results.BSE IT Index is up almost 5 per cent on Friday, by far the biggest gainer amongst all sectors.Among the stocks, Infosys is up 7.6 per cent,  Sonata Software  (NS:SOFT) is up 7 per cent, Datamatics is up 6 per cent, Coforge (NS:COFO) is up 5 per cent,  Tech Mahindra  (NS:TEML) is up 4 per cent, TCS is up 4 per cent, Wipro (NS:WIPR) is up 4 per cent, Mphasis (NS:MBFL) is up 4 per cent.Elara Securities said in a report that Infosys Q3 results reflect persistent revenue leakage; weak discretionary demand and disparity between deal wins and revenue growth.\u201cWe find no green-shoots in management commentary regarding revenue growth outlook and assess limited room to utilize traditional margin levers (utilization at 82.7 per cent). With two quarters of revenue decline in H2FY24 (revised guidance implies a 0.7 per cent QoQ revenue dip in Q4E at mid-point), Infosys has had a very weak start to FY25,\u201d the report said.Elara Securities said  Tata Consultancy Services  (NS:TCS) delivered a revenue beat after two misses. Q3FY24 revenue was up 1 per cent QoQ beating both median consensus estimates of 0.2 per cent growth and our estimate of 1 per cent contraction.V.K. Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist, Geojit Financial Services said with inline results from Infosys and better-than-expected results from TCS, IT stocks will see some action today. Even though there is no positive message from the management commentary, the market is likely to respond positively to the absence of any bad news. But the upside for TCS and Infy will be limited since it will take time for clarity to emerge on the prospects for the sector in FY25.(Sanjeev Sharma can be reached at Sanjeev.s@ians.in)--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "IT stocks surged on the BSE, with the IT Index gaining 5% after Infosys and TCS reported their quarterly results. Infosys rose 7.6%, while TCS gained 4%, despite concerns about revenue leakage and weak discretionary demand.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This short paper presents a simple analytical model for the abrupt termination of circular motion, as discussed in the 'The Most Mind-Blowing Aspect of Circular Motion'. The model confirms that when a string is released, a ball at the far end of the string continues to move in a near-circular motion for a short time.",
+        "output": "The initial trajectory of a ball released from uniform circular motion",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MercadoLibre   (NASDAQ:MELI) has considerable earnings power, according to Bank of America analysts in a note to clients Thursday. The analysts reiterated a Buy rating and $2,000 price target on MELI shares in the note, saying they see large and easily identifiable opportunities across advertising, logistics, bad debt, wallet funding, and other markets. \"We also suggest scale, rising delivery densities, 1P (first-party) offers, and artificial intelligence are likely to fuel earnings power,\" the analysts wrote. BofA sees several themes that \"suggest a cumulative $9.5 billion EBIT and $6.4 billion net income opportunity for MercadoLibre over the next five years.Those themes include advertising growing by over five percentage points of gross merchandise value, MELI transforming a $1.4 billion cost to a modest profit center, the company's 8% bad debt on three-month duration credits likely declining, and more efficient wallet funding. \"While we look for some reinvestment, we also look for a substantial portion to drive earnings growth,\" the analysts concluded.",
-        "output": "Bank of America analysts reiterate a Buy rating on MercadoLibre (MELI) with a $2,000 price target, citing significant earnings potential from advertising, logistics, and other markets, with a cumulative $9.5 billion EBIT and $6.4 billion net income opportunity over the next five years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Can we compute what we cannot draw? How must we draw to produce measurable representations, or visual ones? This research inquires into the relationship between mathematics and figurative representation, and more precisely between drawing and computation. The scientific imagery studied here is the representation of the five platonic solids, discussing various representation techniques from classical antiquity to modern times, and their efficacy to help calculate sizes and proportional ratios. Scholars in history of architectural drawing have too often limited their observations to the very few preserved plans and front views dating back to classical antiquity, without enlarging their investigation to other scientific fields that also rely on drawing as a research tool and communication device. Among these other fields stands the mathematical research, especially solid geometry which deals with objects and entities that have shapes that needs to be somehow drawn in 3D to be studied.",
+        "output": "The Regular Polyhedra: Drawing and Computing in Euclid's day",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Pain invalidation involves the dismissal or lack of understanding of another's pain, undermining their subjective experience. Frequent exposure to invalidation negatively impacts mental and physical health as well as pain-related behaviors, potentially leading people to conceal their pain from others in the future and/or withdraw from potential sources of support. It is therefore possible that experiencing pain invalidation may also impact pain-reporting behavior in clinical settings. Across 2 separate samples of emerging adults, we examined whether exposure to invalidation of one's pain was associated with cognizant modulation of one's subjective acute pain ratings within routine medical and dental settings. Drawing upon social psychological theories of impression management and self-presentation, we hypothesized that exposure to pain invalidation would be associated with the under-rating of one's pain. In Study 1, previous experiences of invalidation were associated with under-rating of one's pain when visiting the doctor and the dentist. Study 2 found that invalidation from family and medical professionals-but not from friends-was associated with under-rating pain in both settings. Findings provide further evidence for the harmful effects of pain invalidation, particularly for emerging adults, as the dismissal of one's subjective experience may sow self-doubt while reinforcing cultural stigmas against pain, leading to alterations in pain communication that ultimately creates barriers to efficacious clinical treatment and care and increase pain-related suffering. PERSPECTIVE: Pain invalidation imparts harm to those who already suffer from pain, be it mentally, physically, and/or behaviorally. We show that people who have encountered invalidation are more likely to under-rate their pain when seeking care, impeding assessment and treatment, and further highlighting the importance of clinical validation of pain experiences.",
-        "output": "Experiencing Pain Invalidation is Associated with Under-Reporting of Pain: A Social Psychological Perspective on Acute Pain Communication.",
+        "input": "Institutional investors are increasingly pushing their investee companies to address environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues-a phenomenon commonly called ESG stewardship. Scholars have put forward various reasons for investors' enthusiasm for ESG stewardship. They include the financial materiality of ESG issues, a desire to appeal to ESG-conscious customers, and the scope for fund operators to charge higher fees for funds that pursue ESG strategies. There is, however, another critical factor at play. ESG stewardship is also underpinned by a transnational development-what this article calls the 'global ESG stewardship ecosystem'. This global ecosystem is comprised of various ESG-focused actors, including United Nations agencies, institutional investors, investor networks, service providers to institutional investors, and NGOs and activist organizations. These actors operate in a highly networked manner at the transnational level to develop and disseminate norms of ESG stewardship throughout global markets, and encourage and coordinate investors' ESG stewardship activities on the ground. This article highlights the scale, complexity and influence of the global ESG stewardship ecosystem, revealing it to be a significant facilitator of institutional investors' ESG stewardship. This insight calls into question important contemporary assumptions and theories about institutional investors, including claims that they are 'rationally reticent', under-invest in corporate governance activities, and are incapable of overcoming collective action challenges. The global ESG stewardship ecosystem is also a remarkable example of the transnational influences shaping contemporary corporate governance. The ecosystem underpins the development and dissemination of norms of ESG stewardship and also assists institutional investors to undertake ESG stewardship 'on the ground' in the various markets in which they operate. The transnational influence of the ecosystem has important implications for national law makers and regulators who are focused on ESG investing and investor participation in public company corporate governance.",
+        "output": "The Global ESG Stewardship Ecosystem",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The market capitalisation of BSE-listed companies surged to an all-time high of Rs 354.41 lakh crore in early trade on Thursday, with investors becoming richer by Rs 3.22 lakh crore, as the benchmark Sensex hit its all-time high level driven by a rally in global equities.Global markets rallied after the US Federal Reserve kept its key interest rate unchanged and signalled that they expect to make three quarter-point cuts to their benchmark interest rate next year.The 30-share BSE Sensex jumped 955.4 points to hit its all-time peak of 70,540 during the early trade.The market capitalisation (mcap) of BSE-listed firms hit a record high of Rs 3,54,41,617.18 crore during the early trade. Investors' wealth climbed by Rs 3,22,385.27 crore from Rs 3,51,19,231.91 crore on Wednesday.Among the Sensex firms, Infosys, HCL Technologies, Bajaj Finance, Tech Mahindra, Wipro and IndusInd Bank were the major gainers.Power Grid, Asian Paints, Nestle and Hindustan Unilever were among the laggards.In Asian markets, Seoul, Shanghai and Hong Kong were trading in the positive territory while Tokyo quoted lower.The US markets ended with significant gains on Wednesday.The Federal Reserve kept its key interest rate unchanged on Wednesday for a third straight time, a sign that it is likely done raising rates after having imposed the fastest string of increases in four decades to fight a painfully high inflation.The Fed's policymakers also signalled that they expect to make three quarter-point cuts to their benchmark interest rate next year.\"The clear dovish message from the Fed yesterday has set the stage for a smart Santa Claus rally in the coming days, and this can even trigger a pre-election rally that can take the markets to a series of new highs,\" said V K Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services.Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) continued to remain buyers as they bought equities worth Rs 4,710.86 crore on Wednesday, according to exchange data.",
-        "output": "The market capitalization of BSE-listed companies reached an all-time high of Rs 354.41 lakh crore, driven by a rally in global equities after the US Federal Reserve signaled three quarter-point interest rate cuts next year. The Sensex hit its all-time peak of 70,540, with investors' wealth increasing by Rs 3.22 lakh crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The ever-increasing demand for data traffic in recent decades has pushed network operators to give importance to the aspect of infrastructure control to facilitate its scalability and maximize its capacity. A generic lightpath (LP) is deployed starting from a traffic request between a given pair of nodes in a network. LPs are operated in the network based on an estimate of the quality of transmission (QoT), which is derived from the physical layer characteristics of a selected route. Regardless of the model used to estimate QoT, it is necessary to calibrate the model to maximize its accuracy and define minimum design margins. The model calibration process depends significantly on the type of data that can be collected in the field (i.e., type of metric, resolution) and therefore on the available monitoring devices. In this work, a systematic evaluation of the QoT estimation is carried out on a multi-span erbium-doped-fiber-amplified optical line system (OLS) using in the first case only total power monitors and in the second experimentally emulating optical channel monitors (OCMs). Given the type of monitoring devices available, three different physical models are calibrated, and six optimization methods are used to define the optimal configuration of the target gain and tilt parameters of the optical amplifiers, jointly optimizing the working point of all amplifiers (global approach) or proceeding span by span (local approach). Subsequently, the OLS was set in each configuration obtained, and the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) profile was measured at the end. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group",
+        "output": "Local and global optimization methods for optical line control based on quality of transmission",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied.",
-        "output": "Guidelines for conscientious objection in Spain: a proposal involving prerequisites and protocolized procedure",
+        "input": "Hippocrates, an influential figure in ancient Greek medicine, is best known for his lasting contribution, the Hippocratic Oath, which includes a significant message about obstetrics and gynecology. Given the Oath's status as a widely regarded ethical code for medical practice, it requires critical evaluation. The message of the Oath, as it related to obstetrics and gynecology, is expressed in ancient Greek by the phrase omicron\u1f50delta\u1f72 gammaupsilonnualphaiotakappa\u1f76 piepsilonsigmasigma\u1f78nu phitheta\u03ccrhoiotaomicronnu delta\u03cesigmaomega which translates directly to I will not give to any woman a harming pessary. The words fetus and abortion were not present in the original Greek text of the Oath. Yet, this message of the Hippocratic Oath has been interpreted often as a prohibition against abortion. In this article, we present a critical linguistic and historical analysis and argue against the notion that the Hippocratic Oath was prohibiting abortion. We provide evidence that the words foetum (fetus) and abortu (abortion) were inserted in the Latin translations of the Oath, which then carried on in subsequent English versions. The addition of the words fetus and abortion in the Latin translations significantly altered the Oath's original meaning. Unfortunately, these alterations in the translation of the Hippocratic Oath have been accepted over the years because of cultural, religious, and social reasons. We assert that because the original Hippocratic Oath did not contain language related to abortion, it should not be construed as prohibiting it. The interpretation of the Oath should be based on precise andrigorous translation and speculative interpretations should be avoided.",
+        "output": "Revisiting the evolution of the Hippocratic Oath in obstetrics and gynecology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SINGAPORE - Caravelle International Group (NASDAQ:CACO), a company specializing in ocean technology, has completed the initial tranche of a private placement, securing $1.5 million from two institutional investors on January 5, 2024. The private placement could reach up to $6.8 million, with the first tranche totaling $3.3 million, of which the remaining $1.8 million is contingent upon the fulfillment of certain conditions post-closing.The investment is structured as a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note with an 18-month term and is convertible into ordinary shares of the company at a starting price of $1.00 per share, subject to adjustments. Investors also received five-year warrants covering 50% of their investment amount, with the same initial exercise price.The net proceeds from this financing, after accounting for the placement agent's fees and other expenses, were approximately $1 million. Caravelle has stated that these funds will be directed towards general working capital needs.Maxim (NASDAQ:MXIM) Group LLC served as the sole placement agent for this transaction. Additionally, Caravelle has committed to filing a registration statement for the ordinary shares that may be issued upon conversion of the Note and exercise of the warrants. Future tranches of funding, up to the aggregate amount of $6.8 million, may occur by mutual agreement between the investors and Caravelle, with additional warrants provided to investors under similar terms.The announcement of this private placement does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, and there will be no sale of these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful before registration or qualification under the securities laws of that jurisdiction.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Caravelle International Group secured $1.5 million in the initial tranche of a private placement, with the potential to reach $6.8 million, to support general working capital needs. The investment includes convertible notes and warrants, with Maxim Group LLC serving as the placement agent.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Most existing learning-based deraining methods are supervisedly trained on synthetic rainy-clean pairs. The domain gap between the synthetic and real rain makes them less generalized to complex real rainy scenes. Moreover, the existing methods mainly utilize the property of the image or rain layers independently, while few of them have considered their mutually exclusive relationship. To solve above dilemma, we explore the intrinsic intra-similarity within each layer and inter-exclusiveness between two layers and propose an unsupervised non-local contrastive learning (NLCL) deraining method. The non-local self-similarity image patches as the positives are tightly pulled together and rain patches as the negatives are remarkably pushed away, and vice versa. On one hand, the intrinsic self-similarity knowledge within positive/negative samples of each layer benefits us to discover more compact representation; on the other hand, the mutually exclusive property between the two layers enriches the discriminative decomposition. Thus, the internal self-similarity within each layer (similarity) and the external exclusive relationship of the two layers (dissimilarity) serving as a generic image prior jointly facilitate us to unsupervisedly differentiate the rain from clean image. We further discover that the intrinsic dimension of the non-local image patches is generally higher than that of the rain patches. This insight motivates us to design an asymmetric contrastive loss that precisely models the compactness discrepancy of the two layers, thereby improving the discriminative decomposition. In addition, recognizing the limited quality of existing real rain datasets, which are often small-scale or obtained from the internet, we collect a large-scale real dataset under various rainy weathers that contains high-resolution rainy images. Extensive experiments conducted on different real rainy datasets demonstrate that the proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance in real deraining.",
+        "output": "Unsupervised Deraining: Where Asymmetric Contrastive Learning Meets Self-Similarity",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LAS VEGAS - SKYX Platforms Corp. (NASDAQ:SKYX), a technology company with a focus on smart home innovations, has recently been recognized with two awards at the 2024 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) by leading U.S. technology publications Residential Systems and Twice. These accolades contribute to a total of seven CES awards the company has received over the past year for its smart home platform technology.The company's flagship product, the All-in-One Smart Platform, is designed to transform homes into smart environments quickly and efficiently. It features a patented ceiling plug-in outlet which allows for rapid installation and a suite of smart functions controlled via the SkyHome app and voice commands. The platform integrates with various smart home ecosystems, including Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) Siri, Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) Alexa, Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Home, Samsung (KS:005930) Smart Things, and Cortana.Rani Kohen, Founder, Inventor, and Executive Chairman of SKYX Platforms Corp., expressed excitement about the recognition at CES 2024, which he believes showcases the company's dedication to home safety and technological innovation.The All-in-One Smart Platform is expected to become available to consumers in the first quarter of 2024. SKYX Platforms Corp., which holds 77 issued and pending patents globally and operates over 60 lighting and home d\u00e9cor websites, aims to establish safe and smart homes as the new standard.The company's press release also includes forward-looking statements regarding its product launch, market acceptance, and potential integration with third-party technologies. These statements are speculative in nature and involve risks and uncertainties that could impact actual results.This news article is based on a press release statement from SKYX Platforms Corp. and has been written to provide an objective account of the company's recent achievements and product offerings without endorsement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "SKYX Platforms Corp. (NASDAQ:SKYX) won two awards at CES 2024 for its All-in-One Smart Platform, which transforms homes into smart environments with a patented ceiling plug-in outlet and integrates with various smart home ecosystems. The company aims to establish safe and smart homes as the new standard with its 77 issued and pending patents globally.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The formal engagement of diverse stakeholder groups in environmental policy design and implementation is increasingly common. While engaging diverse stakeholders in common fora can help address complex environmental dilemmas, insofar as different stakeholders have varying perspectives and resources to contribute, this same variance can lead to intractable conflicts. While policy scholars have developed various conceptual approaches to understanding conflict in the policy process, few scholars have applied conceptual approaches to understand how policy conflicts are reflected in interpersonal communications among diverse stakeholders. In this article, we draw on environmental justice council meeting minutes and use qualitative, computational, and statistical methods to analyze, over time: (i) the extent and severity of policy conflict observed among council actors; (ii) the association between actor-level attributes and conflict, as conveyed in two-way communication between actors; (iii) the association between actor's sector and change in conflict; and (iv) variation in conflict across council activities. By exploring the overtime association between policy conflict and attributes of policy actors (e.g., sectoral affiliation and interpersonal attributes), our analysis addresses not only the influence of the number of interactions for an actor at the meeting but also how they are interacting at the meeting by leveraging their position in the meeting communication network. Our article contributes to the study of the public policy process and collaborative governance, drawing attention to how conflict materializes in a collaborative forum engaged in policy making.",
+        "output": "Evaluating conflict in collaborative environmental governance: A study of environmental justice councils",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The combined market valuation of seven of the top 10 valued firms climbed Rs 1,50,679.28 crore last week, with IT majors Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Infosys emerging as the biggest gainers, amid an overall optimistic trend in equities.Last week, the BSE benchmark jumped 890.05 points or 1.37 per cent.Reliance Industries, TCS, HDFC Bank, Infosys, Hindustan Unilever, ITC and Bharti Airtel were the gainers while ICICI Bank, State Bank of India and Bajaj Finance faced erosion from their market valuation.The valuation of TCS jumped Rs 62,148.99 crore to Rs 12,81,637.63 crore, emerging as the biggest gainer from the top 10 pack.The market capitalisation (mcap) of Infosys rallied Rs 28,616.98 crore to Rs 5,96,681.75 crore.The mcap of Reliance Industries climbed Rs 28,111.41 crore to Rs 15,93,893.03 crore and that of HDFC Bank surged Rs 11,136.61 crore to reach Rs 11,42,215.81 crore.The market valuation of Hindustan Unilever soared Rs 10,032.75 crore to Rs 5,94,317.36 crore and that of Bharti Airtel advanced Rs 6,828.74 crore to Rs 5,32,585.63 crore.ITC added Rs 3,803.8 crore taking its valuation to Rs 5,47,808.43 crore.However, the mcap of State Bank of India tumbled Rs 14,502.5 crore to Rs 5,02,589.52 crore and that of ICICI Bank fell by Rs 11,308.97 crore to Rs 6,46,254.41 crore.The market valuation of Bajaj Finance diminished by Rs 4,973.68 crore to Rs 4,46,169.40 crore.Reliance Industries retained the title of the most valued company followed by TCS, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Infosys, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, Bharti Airtel, State Bank of India and Bajaj Finance.",
-        "output": "The combined market valuation of seven of the top 10 valued firms climbed Rs 1,50,679.28 crore last week, with IT majors Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Infosys emerging as the biggest gainers, amid an overall optimistic trend in equities. Reliance Industries retained the title of the most valued company followed by TCS, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Infosys, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, Bharti Airtel, State Bank of India and Bajaj Finance.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Increasingly, doctoral education is being challenged to reflect and act on issues of access and equity. I argue that in art and design the expanding doctoral expectations and emphasis on doctoral community impact the multiple and intersectional concerns around diversity, equity and belonging that urgently need to be acknowledged and addressed. The benefits of community are widely acknowledged in the literature on doctoral education, and it is increasingly recognised that there are specific nuances to the needs of practice research doctoral communities. Prompted by insights from interviews with art and design doctoral researchers, I examine available data on participation in doctoral research in art and design in the United Kingdom in conjunction with literature on doctoral education and practice research. My aim is to highlight concerns relating to privilege and belonging in art and design doctorates that should make us increasingly uncomfortable. I believe that as a community art and design in higher education urgently needs to actively consider these issues. As well as indicating the necessity for further research, I argue that conversations are needed to devise and advocate for more inclusive and culturally responsive doctoral education specific to the needs of practice research in art and design.",
+        "output": "Privilege and Practice-Challenges for Doctoral Education in Art and Design",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The European populations of Homo heidelbergensis may have contributed to the genetic heritage of modern Eurasians. A better understanding of the possible effects of palaeoenvironmental alterations on the evolution of ancient humans can help to understand the origin of developed traits. For this purpose, the spatiotemporal alterations of physical factors were modelled in Europe for the period of 670-190 ka, covering the existence of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe. The factors included the following: paleoclimatic conditions, climatic suitability values of ancient humans, two prey species, and the European beech. Furthermore, the distribution and features of wood used for toolmaking were also investigated. Finally, changes in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values in the coldest quarter of the year were modelled. The results suggest that H. heidelbergensis inhabited dominantly temperate regions in Europe where prey such as red deer were present. In the northern regions, European beech trees were abundant. When making wood tools, they preferred relatively light but not the strongest woods, which were readily available in the vicinity of the sites. Although hard and heavy woods were also occasionally used, at a European level, significant changes were observed in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values during the period of 670-190 ka. However, substantial differences between archaeological sites in these values, indicating somewhat ecological variations, were not found during the studied period.",
-        "output": "The habitat utilization and environmental resilience of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe",
+        "input": "Digital design techniques and fabrication technologies have become essential in architectural design, influencing the design process significantly. The pursuit of form in both digital and physical environments is a priority in architectural education, promoting the development of students' multidimensional thinking skills. This article discusses a graduate course that aims to introduce digital design concepts and their integration with the fabrication techniques. The course focuses on students' interaction with digital tools during the design and fabrication stages, particularly emphasizing the design of interlocking modular structures. Through experiential engagement with design and fabrication tools, students enhance their problem-solving skills and gain new knowledge. The course concludes with testing the digital and physical production stages, demonstrating the positive impact of digital design techniques on students' learning and creative abilities.",
+        "output": "Exploring Interlocking Systems Through the Design of Joint-Based Pop-Up Structures",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Primatologist who brought animals and humans a little closer.",
-        "output": "Frans de Waal (1948-2024).",
+        "input": "We study various physical quantities of objects with petal shapes. N-petal shapes exhibit N-fold rotational symmetry. Furthermore, they might have an additional characteristic: the equation defining their boundaries could be represented by F(N theta). We will show that physical quantities of objects with these characteristics may show strange properties. By 'physical quantities', we refer to aspects such as electric potential and electric field due to a charged petal-shaped plate or cylinder on the rotation axis, their mass and moment of inertia. We are going to show that for such objects, these physical observables do not depend on the number of petals, N. This intriguing result has a simple reason.",
+        "output": "Strange property of physical quantities of some petal shape objects",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 16 (IANS) Elon Musk on Tuesday said that he is \"uncomfortable\" growing Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) to be a leader in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics without having 25 per cent voting control at the company.The Tesla CEO currently has around 13.4 per cent stake in the electric car company as he sold his shares in order to acquire X for $44 billion in October 2022.In a post on X, Musk said that unless he gets 25 per cent of control, he would prefer to build products outside of Tesla.He said that 25 per cent voting control is enough to be influential, but \"not so much that I can't be overturned\".\"Unless that is the case, I would prefer to build products outside of Tesla. You don't seem to understand that Tesla is not one startup, but a dozen. Simply look at the delta between what Tesla does and GM,\" Musk wrote.\"As for stock ownership itself being enough motivation, Fidelity and others own similar stakes to me. Why don't they show up for work?\" Musk added.He further said that the Tesla board is great.\"If I have 25 per cent (voting control), it means I am influential, but can be overridden if twice as many shareholders vote against me vs for me,\" the tech billionaire said.\"At 15 per cent or lower, the for/against ratio to override me makes a takeover by dubious interests too easy,\" he added.--IANSna/sha",
-        "output": "Elon Musk expressed discomfort with Tesla's AI and robotics leadership without 25% voting control, stating that he would prefer to build products outside of Tesla if he doesn't have enough influence.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article investigated the multifaceted role of artists in educational programmes, focusing on the challenges they face while balancing their identity as artist-teacher, artist teacher, artist-educator, and artist educator. This research was conducted in two phases. Phase one interrogated the effectiveness of artists taking on dual roles as both artists and educators/teachers within international and New Zealand's educational programmes. This phase advocated for artists to embrace their original role as artists without the additional burdens of other roles. Moving to phase two, this research employed the method of document analysis to investigate the historical and current engagement of artists in students' museum education within the context of New Zealand. Historically, artists were considered as art technicians with no direct involvement in art teaching or creation. Although the current LEOTC and ELC programmes in New Zealand value artists' contributions to art education, they do not indicate artists' involvement in these two programmes. Drawing from the findings of phase one and two, the study proposed a novel model that emphasises the integration of three elements: learning environment (art museum), people (artists), and objects (artworks). This model suggested that the combined action of these three elements could lead to a transformation from teacher-led teaching to student-centred learning in art education. Such a transition held the potential to enrich students' educational experience through collaborative efforts between artists, museum educators, and schoolteachers, and also enhance students' interdisciplinary learning experiences.",
+        "output": "Exploring Visiting Artists' Dual Roles and Constraints in Art Educational Programmes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "London, Jan 10 (IANS) World Economic Forum (WEF) has said that a wave of artificial intelligence-driven disinformation can influence key looming elections and it poses the biggest short-term threat to the global economy, media reports said.In its annual global risks report, the body that convenes its annual meeting in Davos next week expressed concern that politics can be disrupted by the spread of false information.The WEF said concerns over the persistent cost of living crisis and the intertwined risks of disinformation and polarised societies will dominate the outlook for 2024, The Guardian reported.Elections are taking place this year in countries that represent 60 per cent of global GDP, including Britain, the US, the EU and India, and the WEF said the nexus between falsified information and societal unrest will take centre stage during campaigns.Looking ahead over a longer 10-year period, extreme weather events and climate change were named as the most pressing risks by the experts polled by the WEF, The Guardian reported.\u201cAn unstable global order characterised by polarising narratives and insecurity, the worsening impacts of extreme weather and economic uncertainty are causing accelerating risks \u2013 including misinformation and disinformation \u2013 to propagate,\u201d said Saadia Zahidi, a managing director of the WEF.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "The World Economic Forum (WEF) has identified AI-driven disinformation as the biggest short-term threat to the global economy, with elections in countries representing 60% of global GDP facing potential disruption due to the spread of false information.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The sustainable development goals (SDGs) represent the global ambition to accelerate sustainable development. Several SDGs are directly related to climate change and policies aiming to mitigate it. This includes, among others, the set of SDGs that directly influence the climate, land, energy, and water (CLEW) nexus (SDGs 2, 6, 7, 13, 15). This study aims at understanding the synergies and trade-offs between climate policy and the SDGs agenda: how does near-term action on SDGs influence long-term climate goals? Based on a multi-model comparison, we evaluate three scenarios: (i) reference; (ii) climate mitigation; and (iii) a CLEW nexus SDGs scenario. We find clear positive effects of combining the climate and the sustainable development agendas. Notably, healthier diets, with reduced meat consumption, have strong co-benefits for climate, with positive effects across multiple SDGs: improvements in food security, reductions in air pollution and water stress, and improvements in biodiversity conservation. Such positive outcomes are prominent in the Global South, where regions typically at higher risk of food and energy insecurity and other environmental stresses (e.g. Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America) benefit from a shorter term agenda focusing not only on the climate but also on the other sustainable development dimensions. However, trade-offs are also observed (e.g. increases in the prices of food and electricity), especially in the dynamics of land and the food systems, highlighting the importance of exploring policy synergies: if individually applied, some measures can negatively impact other sustainability goals, while taking into consideration the nexus interactions can reduce trade-offs and increase co-benefits. Finally, near-term action on SDGs can help speed up the transition towards the long-term climate goals, reducing the reliance on negative emissions options. In 2100, the SDG scenario in significantly less reliant on carbon dioxide removals both from AFOLU and the energy system.",
+        "output": "Climate policy and the SDGs agenda: how does near-term action on nexus SDGs influence the achievement of long-term climate goals?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Clusters of Neolithic cursus monuments are attested in several parts of Britain but have so far not been recorded in Ireland, where only isolated or pairs of monuments are known. A recent lidar survey of the Baltinglass landscape of County Wicklow, Ireland, has now identified a cluster of up to five cursus monuments. Here, the author explores this group of monuments and their significance within the wider setting of Neolithic Ireland and Britain. Their unique morphology, location and orientation offer insights into the ritual and ceremonial aspects of the farming communities that inhabited the Baltinglass landscape and hint at the variability in the form and possible functions of these monuments for early farming communities.",
-        "output": "Exploring the Baltinglass cursus complex: routes for the dead",
+        "input": "Although the entrepreneurship strategy is demonstrated by evidence as a path to enhance the performance of service firms, the question of how it happens has yet to be adequately studied in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) realm. More specifically, how an entrepreneurial strategy enables a T&H firm to enhance its performance through service innovation exploration -exploitation ambidexterity has created a strategic dilemma in extant T&H literature. Constructed on the dynamic capabilities view and organizational ambidexterity theory, our paper addresses this dilemma using data from a drop -and -collect survey of 303 T&H firms in Japan. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial strategy fosters service innovation exploitation and service innovation exploration within T&H firms. In contrast, service innovation exploitation helps T&H firms design unique service offerings, yielding a sustained competitive advantage and superior corporate performance in the long run. Further, the availability of slack resources within T&H firms fosters service innovation exploration and service innovation exploitation.",
+        "output": "Exploring the effects of service innovation ambidexterity on service design in the tourism and hospitality industry",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance National data on the development of competence during training have been reported using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones system. It is now possible to consider longitudinal analyses that link Milestone ratings during training to patient outcomes data of recent graduates. Objective To evaluate the association of in-training ACGME Milestone ratings in a surgical specialty with subsequent complication rates following a commonly performed operation, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Design, Setting, and Participants This study of patient outcomes followed EVAR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry (4213 admissions from 208 hospitals treated by 327 surgeons). All surgeons included in this study graduated from ACGME-accredited training programs from 2015 through 2019 and had Milestone ratings 6 months prior to graduation. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, through September 15, 2023. Because Milestone ratings can vary with program, they were corrected for program effect using a deviation score from the program mean. Exposure Milestone ratings assigned to individual trainees 6 months prior to graduation, based on judgments of surgical competence. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgical complications following EVAR for patients treated by recent graduates during the index hospitalization, obtained using the nationwide Society for Vascular Surgery Patient Safety Organization's VQI registry, which includes 929 participating centers in 49 US states. Results The study included outcomes for 4213 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.25 [8.74] years; 3379 male participants [80.2%]). Postoperative complications included 9.5% major (400 of 4213 cases) and 30.2% minor (1274 of 4213 cases) complications. After adjusting for patient risk factors and site of training, a significant association was identified between individual Milestone ratings of surgical trainees and major complications in early surgical practice in programs with lower mean Milestone ratings (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.95). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, Milestone assessments of surgical trainees were associated with subsequent clinical outcomes in their early career. Although these findings represent one surgical specialty, they suggest Milestone ratings can be used in any specialty to identify trainees at risk for future adverse patient outcomes when applying the same theory and methodology. Milestones data should inform data-driven educational interventions and trainee remediation to optimize future patient outcomes.",
-        "output": "Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Training Ratings and Surgeons' Early Outcomes",
+        "input": "Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is effective for treating common cutaneous malignancies, but complex repairs may often present challenges for reconstruction. This paper explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in MMS, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. 3D printing technologies show promise in advancing skin regeneration and refining surgical techniques in dermatologic surgery. A PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: Three-dimensional bioprinting OR 3-D printing AND Mohs OR Mohs surgery OR Surgery. Peer-reviewed English articles discussing medical applications of 3D bioprinting were included, while non-peer-reviewed and non-English articles were excluded. Patients using 3D MMS models had lower anxiety scores (3.00 to 1.7, p<0.0001) and higher knowledge assessment scores (5.59 or 93.25% correct responses), indicating better understanding of their procedure. Surgical residents using 3D models demonstrated improved proficiency in flap reconstructions (p=0.002) and knowledge assessment (p=0.001). Additionally, 3D printing offers personalized patient care through tailored surgical guides and anatomical models, reducing intraoperative time while enhancing surgical. Concurrently, efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being explored as potential alternatives to address organ donor shortages, eliminating autografting needs. However, challenges like limited training and technological constraints persist. Integrating optical coherence tomography with 3D bioprinting may expedite grafting, but challenges remain in pre-printing grafts for complex cases. Regulatory and ethical considerations are paramount for patient safety, and further research is needed to understand long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. While promising, significant advancements are necessary for full utilization in MMS.",
+        "output": "3D bioprinting: a review and potential applications for Mohs micrographic surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Japan\u2019s Nikkei gained 1.7 per cent, leading gains in the region. Australia\u2019s S&P/ASX 200 and Kopsi in South Korea rose up to 02 per cent.The automaker said it would increase the price of its commercial vehicles effective January 2024 by up to 3 per cent. The price increase is to offset the residual impact of past input costs and will be applicable across the entire range of commercial vehicles.The company received an order worth Rs 1,145 crore from ONGC for laying approximately 44.4 km of subsea pipelines in 19 segments.The company's Kolimigundla clinker plant capacity has been increased to 3.15 MTPA from 2.5 MTPA.REC has signed a 200-million-euro loan agreement with the German bank KfW to enhance the distribution infrastructure of discoms in line with the revamped distribution sector scheme (RDSS) of the government.The logistics company said the board of directors has approved the purchase of two leased aircraft by Blue Dart Aviation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, from DHL Aviation (Netherlands), a fellow subsidiary company, for Rs 40 crore.The company has received approval from board of directors for expansion of iron ore mining capacity up to 55 million tonnes per year, and establishment of 45 million tonnes per annum Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ) Beneficiation plant at Gadchiroli district.Its subsidiary InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc is voluntarily recalling one lot of Vigabatrin for oral solution, USP 500mg, to the consumer level. Vigabatrin has been found to have seal integrity issues, allowing for powder leakage.As per reports, the Asia Index has decided to replace Linde India with Gujarat Gas in the S&P BSE Oil & Gas index with effect from December 18.The company said it has secured a contract of Rs 101.67 crore in Gujarat.The Asia Index has reportedly decided to include Sandur Manganese & Iron Ores in the BSE Energy Index with effect from December 18.The company has bagged a new order from Indian Railways for supply and commissioning of Coach Roof Mounted Air- Conditioners amounting to Rs 25 crore.The board meeting will be held on Dec 15, 2023 to consider and approve the Right Issue of the company.",
-        "output": "Japan's Nikkei led regional gains with a 1.7% increase, while Australia's S&P/ASX 200 and South Korea's Kopsi rose up to 0.2%. Tata Motors announced a 3% price hike for its commercial vehicles to offset input costs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "What is close reading and what are the steps we take in close reading as a methodological approach? This article explores reading strategies and advocates for a more conscious close reading. Starting by tracing the hermeneutic heritage of close reading, and examining its development from the New Criticism movement onwards, it then describes the fundamental physical and cognitive aspects of reading as a distinct form of analytic attentiveness. Three methodological steps are delineated, discussed, and exemplified through the author's close reading practices. By employing a paratextual lens to the close reading of manuscripts from the Early Modern period, the article demonstrates how theoretically informed readings, such as the paratextual perspective, enhance the reading process and deepen our understanding of historical conditions.",
+        "output": "What is close reading? An exploration of a methodology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As we theorize about philosophy of language that bears on social and political issues, it is worth revisiting the methodological question of how we as theorists rely on our philosophical and linguistic intuitions, and what assumptions underlie our justification of such a reliance. Two threads in the philosophical literature are relevant to this question: the discussion of situatedness in feminist epistemology and the debate about philosophical expertise and philosophical intuitions. I argue that philosophers examining social and political philosophy of language should be careful-perhaps more careful than we have been-when we rely on our intuitions to draw conclusions about socially significant language, such as racist, sexist, homophobic, and other derogatory speech. I don't claim we should give up relying on our intuitions. Instead, I argue that we should be more explicit that our intuitions are limited, and open to the possibility that they might not align with the intuitions of those who have more experience with the kinds of speech we are analyzing. As a result, we might find that the conclusions we draw from our intuitions have to be revised or qualified.",
-        "output": "Philosophical Intuitions about Socially Significant Language",
+        "input": "Historians credit the interwar period with the demise of the great agricultural estates but many survived, reduced in area and refocussed on new priorities. Three estates lying in close proximity in north Hampshire and south Berkshire had very divergent interests, but there were similarities, and significant differences, in the manner in which they survived the interwar period. One invested in a programme of renewal of houses and farm buildings, and another adopted a more commercial approach to managing its diverse interests and the third retrenched, cutting investment but maintaining the status quo as an agricultural and shooting estate. All three survived, relatively intact and financially stable, and remain in operation today. An examination of estate financial performance before and after the Great War provides the context to the strategies pursued by the owners and their Land Agents, and their place in the broader rural landscape of the 1920s and 1930s.",
+        "output": "The survival of three large agricultural estates on the north Hampshire-south Berkshire border during the interwar period",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SoftBank Vision Fund (SVF) on Wednesday sold around 100 million shares, or 1.15 per cent equity, at Rs 94.7 apiece to mop up Rs 947 crore. Among the buyers were Societe Generale, Axis MF, Aditya Birla MF and Morgan Stanley Asia. At the end of the June 2023 quarter, SVF Growth (Singapore) held a 3.35 per cent stake in Zomato. Earlier this week, Internet Fund III, a venture capital fund managed by Tiger Global, and Apoletto Asia, a fund backed by Russian billionaire Yuri Milner, had sold shares worth Rs 1,412 crore of Zomato. Shares of Zomato last closed at Rs 99, with a gain of 5.5 per cent.Navi Mutual Fund may soon join other peers in launching a balanced advantage fund. The fund house has filed papers with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi). This will be the fund house's first launch in the active space under the present sponsors. Since its start in 2021 with the acquisition of Essel MF, the fund house has focused solely on passive funds, launching nine index and fund-of-funds. Most recently, it launched the lowest-cost Sensex index fund. The fund house's hybrid plan comes at a time when the industry is witnessing back-to-back launches in the category, on expectations that hybrid schemes will emerge as the preferred category for investors with a lower risk appetite following changes in debt fund taxation.",
-        "output": "SoftBank Vision Fund sold 1.15% of Zomato shares for Rs 947 crore, while Navi Mutual Fund plans to launch a balanced advantage fund, its first active fund launch since acquiring Essel MF in 2021.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
+        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Microplastics (MPs) act as carriers for organic pollutants (e.g. antibiotics) and microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) in waters, leading to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the antibiotics adsorbed on MPs may exacerbate this process. For further research, it is necessary to understand the types and amounts of antibiotics adsorbed on MPs. However, due to the heavy work of MPs collection and sample pretreatment, there is a lack of analytical methods and relevant data. In this study, an in -tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS method based on amorphous precursor polymer of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks/monolith-based composite adsorbent was developed, which could efficiently capture, enrich and analyze tetracycline (TCs) antibiotics. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the developed method was capable of detecting TCs at levels as low as 0.48-1.76 pg. This method was applied to analyze the TCs adsorbed on MPs of different particle sizes in mariculture water for the first time, requiring a minimum amount of MPs of only 1 mg. Furthermore, it was observed that there could be an antagonistic relationship between algal biofilm and TCs loaded on MPs. This approach could open up new possibilities for analyzing pollutants on MPs and support deeper research on MPs.",
-        "output": "High-sensitive determination of tetracycline antibiotics adsorbed on microplastics in mariculture water using pre-COF/monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS",
+        "input": "This paper describes a quasi-experimental evaluation of a reform in Israel ('EMUN'), which attempted to institutionalize problem-oriented policing on a national scale. The current study examines the effect of this reform on tackling traffic disturbance and road bullying offences. We compared three police stations that chose to deal with traffic offences using the tools and techniques provided through the reform (treatment stations) with five police stations that were matched - using a specially designed algorithm - on several criteria, including similar trends of traffic offences (comparison stations). Each treatment station was compared to two comparison stations using a difference-in-differences approach. In five out of six comparisons there were large and significant reductions in documented traffic disturbances in the targeted areas of the treatment stations compared to the control stations. We also found evidence of significant diffusions in crime control benefits in two of the treatment stations. However, there was evidence of significant geographical displacement to the buffer zone in the largest treatment stations. We attribute this to differences in the nature of the areas targeted and discuss the relative harms and benefits. The findings of the study show that institutionalizing a variety of evidence-based policing strategies has a promise not only for classic crimes (such as property and violence), but also for incivilities and quality-of-life offenses.",
+        "output": "Proactive policing and traffic disturbances: A quasi-experiment in three Israeli cities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DA Davidson analysts cut Workday (NASDAQ:WDAY) to Neutral from Buy, maintaining a $300 per share price target in the stock in a note assuming coverage of the stock on Wednesday.Despite the downgrade, the firm was positive on the stock but said they feel it is appropriately valued. \"Workday remains a best-in-class HCM solution with a growing financial management business (FINS) which, in our view, is currently priced into the stock,\" DA Davidson wrote. \"As the business continues to make investments in its GTM motion and innovative product offerings, we don't expect margins to expand materially in the intermediate term,\" analysts added. Despite the firm remaining on the sidelines until revenue accelerates from current levels, analysts said they value the quality franchise, and the company remains part of their \"Best of Breed Bison list.\"",
-        "output": "DA Davidson downgraded Workday to Neutral due to appropriate valuation, despite acknowledging its best-in-class HCM solution and growing financial management business. The firm expects margins to remain stable in the near term due to ongoing investments in growth initiatives.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: This article describes an investment case methodology for tobacco control that was applied in 36 countries between 2017 and 2022.METHODS: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) investment cases compared two scenarios: a base case that calculated the tobacco-attributable mortality, morbidity and economic costs with status quo tobacco control, and an intervention scenario that described changes in those same outcomes from fully implementing and enforcing a variety of proven, evidence-based tobacco control policies and interventions. Health consequences included the tobacco-attributable share of mortality and morbidity from 38 diseases. The healthcare expenditures and the socioeconomic costs from the prevalence of those conditions were combined to calculate the total losses due to tobacco. The monetised benefits of improvements in health resulting from tobacco control implementation were compared with costs of expanding tobacco control to assess returns on investment in each country. An institutional and context analysis assessed the political and economic dimensions of tobacco control in each context.RESULTS: We applied a rigorous yet flexible methodology in 36 countries over 5 years. The replicable model and framework may be used to inform development of tobacco control cases in countries worldwide.CONCLUSION: Investment cases constitute a tool that development partners and advocates have demanded in even greater numbers. The economic argument for tobacco control provided by this set of country-contextualised analyses can be a strong tool for policy change.",
+        "output": "Evolving methodology of national tobacco control investment cases.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Health care is one of the largest and most crucial sectors of the economy, and has witnessed leaps of advance over decades. However, in tandem, the pace of medical inflation has also soared rapidly, making health care unaffordable. To bridge the gap between health care and its affordability, health insurance is a lifeline for millions of families. To put it in perspective, more than 90 million people spend more than 10 per cent of their total expenditure on healthcare. Not just this, the recent Sustainable Development Goals National Indicator Framework Progress report said that the proportion of households spending 10-25",
-        "output": "Despite advancements in healthcare, rising medical inflation has made it unaffordable for many, leading to the reliance on health insurance as a lifeline for millions of families. Over 90 million people spend more than 10% of their total expenditure on healthcare, highlighting the need for affordable healthcare solutions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A vast amount of location information exists in unstructured texts, such as social media posts, news stories, scientific articles, web pages, travel blogs, and historical archives. Geoparsing refers to recognizing location references from texts and identifying their geospatial representations. While geoparsing can benefit many domains, a summary of its specific applications is still missing. Further, there is a lack of a comprehensive review and comparison of existing approaches for location reference recognition, which is the first and core step of geoparsing. To fill these research gaps, this review first summarizes seven typical application domains of geoparsing: geographic information retrieval, disaster management, disease surveillance, traffic management, spatial humanities, tourism management, and crime management. We then review existing approaches for location reference recognition by categorizing these approaches into four groups based on their underlying functional principle: rule-based, gazetteer matching-based, statistical learning-based, and hybrid approaches. Next, we thoroughly evaluate the correctness and computational efficiency of the 27 most widely used approaches for location reference recognition based on 26 public datasets with different types of texts (e.g., social media posts and news stories) containing 39,736 location references worldwide. Results from this thorough evaluation can help inform future methodological developments and can help guide the selection of proper approaches based on application needs.",
+        "output": "Location Reference Recognition from Texts: A Survey and Comparison",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on the surface microhardness and roughness of different bioactive restorative materials. Materials and methods A total of 60-disc specimens (5 mm x 2 mm) were performed in four groups (n = 15 each) from Equia Forte HT, Cention N, Activa Bioactive Restorative, and Beautifil II. Following the polishing procedure (600, 1000, 1200 grit silicon carbide papers), all specimens were irradiated at 2 Gy per fraction, five times a week for a total dose of 70 Gy in 30 fractions over 7 weeks. Before and after the irradiation, the specimens were analyzed regarding the surface roughness and microhardness. Surface morphology was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and paired sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant differences were found after radiation with increased mean roughness of both Cention N (p = 0.001) and Beautifil II (p < 0.001) groups. In terms of microhardness, only the Beautifil II group showed significant differences with decreased values after radiation. There were statistically significant differences among the groups' roughness and microhardness data before and after radiotherapy (p < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of radiotherapy might differ according to the type of the restorative material. Although results may differ for other tested materials, giomer tends to exhibit worse behaviour in terms of both surface roughness and microhardness. Clinical relevance In patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, it should be taken into consideration that the treatment process may also have negative effects on the surface properties of anti-caries restorative materials.",
-        "output": "Effect of radiotherapy on the surface roughness and microhardness of contemporary bioactive restorative materials",
+        "input": "In this article, I bring together scholarship from feminist international relations and comparative gender politics to investigate how and why Jordan has implemented its policy addressing domestic violence, the 2008 Family Protection Law. Through a qualitative case study, I find that implementation is partial. Aspects of the policy that elevate Jordan's status in the international arena and sustain domestic male privilege are implemented. Attempts at implementing aspects of the policy that grant greater autonomy to women are met with intense opposition, which is justified on the basis of preserving state stability. Taken together, this article demonstrates how international pressure and national security (i.e., state-centric) practices combine with domestic conservatism to produce unintended consequences: ineffective violence against women policies that are minimally implemented. The analysis adds nuance to both the feminist international relations and comparative gender politics literatures by demonstrating how domestic gender policymaking processes are influenced by national and international security politics.",
+        "output": "'We've got this policy, now what?' The security politics of implementing the Family Protection Law in Jordan",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: In middle-income countries, poor physician-patient communication remains a recognized barrier to enhancing healthcare quality and patient satisfaction. This study investigates the influence of provider-patient communication skills on healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in the rural primary healthcare setting in China.METHODS: Data were collected from 504 interactions across 348 rural primary healthcare facilities spanning 21 counties in three provinces. Using the Standardized Patient method, this study measured physician-patient communication behaviors, healthcare quality, and patient satisfaction. Communication skills were assessed using the SEGUE questionnaire framework. Multivariate linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models, accounting for fixed effects, were employed to evaluate the impact of physicians' communication skills on healthcare quality and patient satisfaction.RESULTS: The findings indicated generally low provider-patient communication skills, with an average total score of 12.2\u00b12.8 (out of 24). Multivariate regression models, which accounted for physicians' knowledge and other factors, demonstrated positive associations between physicians' communication skills and healthcare quality, as well as patient satisfaction (P<0.05). Heterogeneity analysis revealed stronger correlations among primary physicians with lower levels of clinical knowledge or more frequent training.CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of prioritizing provider-patient communication skills to enhance healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in rural Chinese primary care settings. It recommends that the Chinese government prioritize the enhancement of provider-patient communication skills to improve healthcare quality and patient satisfaction.",
-        "output": "The impact of provider-patient communication skills on primary healthcare quality and patient satisfaction in rural China: insights from a standardized patient study.",
+        "input": "Like other European countries, Austria introduced employment restrictions for foreigners after World War I. Access to the labor market was to be reserved primarily for Austrian citizens. These new regulations related exclusively to dependent employees and allowed exceptions in view of family reunification, among other things. They were based on official labor market categories and reflected widely accepted imaginations of gender-specific abilities and responsibilities. However, many foreigners earned their living in a household context and their activities hardly matched the official categories of work and family. Since decision-making on employment permits required unambiguous categorization, this situation posed a dilemma for the authorities in charge. Given the vast variety of work arrangements and relations, they struggled to clearly draw the line between employed and not employed workers. Using the example of domestic help and Bulgarian gardeners, this article investigates administrative authorities' attempts to make such distinctions and it examines migrants' efforts to occupy labor market niches. While migrants un/intentionally circumvented regulations and made their living in Austria, the ongoing disputes paradoxically contributed to an enforcement of restrictions. Administrative authorities gradually increased their endeavor to locate unauthorized foreign workers even within households and they sharpened the criteria for their categorization.",
+        "output": "Construction of Il/Legitimate Migrant Labor: Non-Nationals in Domestic Service and Gardening in Interwar Austria",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In the proposed IPO, IDBI plans to dilute an 11.1 per cent stake, while NSE is diluting a 9 per cent stake to comply with Sebi regulations.A source familiar with the matter stated, \u201cNSE wants to abide by the regulations and has filed the draft red herring prospectus (DRHP) for NSDL to bring down the shareholding. We have now placed a request for an extension.\u201dAccording to insiders, NSE has requested an extension until April 2024 to comply with the regulations.\u201cNSE has submitted a request, and the exchange is coordinating with Sebi on compliance,\u201d another source said.Queries sent to NSE and NSDL did not yield any responses.NSDL had submitted its DRHP to Sebi on July 7. In addition to NSE and IDBI Bank, four others are also looking to reduce their holdings in the depository.Investment banking sources have stated that the regulator suspends any IPO when there is a pending regulatory investigation or if the requested information from the company or other regulatory bodies is not received on time.Typically, an issue is held in abeyance for 90 days. Earlier reports indicated that bankers had requested a reduction in the abeyance period to 45 days to allow NSE and IDBI Bank to sell their stakes within the stipulated time frame.In June, BSE diluted approximately 5 per cent of its stake in the Central Depository Services by selling shares in the open market to comply with the norms.",
-        "output": "NSE and IDBI Bank plan to dilute their stakes in NSDL to comply with Sebi regulations, with NSE seeking an extension until April 2024 to reduce its shareholding by 9%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article addresses the issue of historical knowledge in relation to material evidence. More specifically, it asks, What objects capture the historian's attention and what knowledge is gained from those objects? What does the historian's gaze select as things of history and thus as removed from a world of object assemblages and fluid matter? Is it the case that only artifacts deliberately produced or modified by humans (regardless of the purpose) count as things of history? Or do physical entities produced by unintended human and nonhuman factors also display temporal endurance or alteration occurring over time and resonate with humans? Are things of history only entities endowed with shape, or do formless materials qualify too? In this article, I outline a theory of intentionality in relation to material items for two main reasons. First, it allows for a critique of material evidence, which is still missing in the historical discipline. Second, it enables us to address any remaining epistemological, ethical, or political issues, biases, or contradictions associated with the multifaceted research on material culture that affect the way we do history.",
+        "output": "THE UNCERTAIN STUFF OF HISTORY: OUTLINE OF A THEORY OF INTENTIONALITY-THING BY THING",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - UBS Securities has initiated coverage on Paytm (NS:PAYT), one of India's leading digital payment platforms, with a 'Buy' rating and a target price of INR 900. This bullish stance is backed by the firm's projection that Paytm will achieve EBITDA breakeven by the fiscal year 2025. Additionally, UBS forecasts that Paytm will experience a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in revenue of approximately 21% from the fiscal year 2024 to 2028.The positive outlook from UBS Securities has resonated with investors, as reflected in Paytm's shares reaching a 4% intraday high today. Paytm, which has become a household name in India for digital transactions, is expected to capitalize on the growing trend of online payments and financial services in the country. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "UBS Securities initiates coverage on Paytm with a 'Buy' rating and a target price of INR 900, projecting EBITDA breakeven by FY25 and a 21% CAGR in revenue from FY24-28, driving a 4% intraday high in Paytm's shares.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Role theory and the study of ideology represent two important concepts of Foreign Policy Analysis. While the former sheds light on the positions which a country assumes on the international stage, the latter examines the deep ideational grounds on which foreign policy rests. This article integrates roles and ideologies to define foreign policy positions. An analysis of the Czech foreign policy during the EU migration crisis identifies four ideologies (Atlanticism, Europeanism, Internationalism and Sovereignism) and five roles (Democracy Supporter, Faithful Ally, Regional Collaborator, Reformer, and Prosperity Builder). On this basis, a number of foreign policy positions are defined, among which that of a Europeanist Reformer stands out as it synthesises two patterns of the Czech foreign policy: its striving for international recognition and its striving for national autonomy. The article also argues that during the migration crisis, the striving for autonomy was somewhat stronger than before.",
+        "output": "Roles and ideologies in foreign policy: the Czech positions on the EU migration crisis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Pollution of water resources with nitrate is currently one of the major challenges at the global level. In order to make macro-policy decisions in water safety plans, it is necessary to carry out nitrate risk assessment in underground water, which has not been done in Fars province for all urban areas. In the current study, 9494 drinking water samples were collected in four seasons in 32 urban areas of Fars province in Iran, between 2017 and 2021 to investigate the non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. Geographical distribution maps of hazard quotient were drawn using geographical information system software. The results showed that the maximum amount of nitrate in water samples in 4% of the samples in 2021, 2.5% of the samples in 2020 and 3% of the samples in 2019 were more than the standard declared by World Health Organization guidelines (50mg/L). In these cases, the maximum amount of nitrate was reported between 82 and 123mg/L. The HQ values for infants did not exceed 1 in any year, but for children (44%\u00b110.8), teenagers (10.8%\u00b18.4), and adults (3.2%\u00b11.7) exceeded 1 in cities, years, and seasons, indicating that three age groups in the studied area are at noticeably significant non-carcinogenic risk. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the average value of non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1 for all age groups. Moreover, the maximum HQ values (95%) were higher than 1 for both children and teenager, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk for the two age groups.",
-        "output": "Geographical distribution of nitrate pollution and its risk assessment using GIS and Monte Carlo simulation in drinking water in urban areas of Fars province-Iran during 2017-2021.",
+        "input": "This paper introduces the life and work of art educator and designer Kurt Rowland (1920-1980) who authored the first set of textbooks on visual education and played a role in the shifting world of art and design education in post-war Britian. We detail the foundational experiences of his extraordinary life in the first half of the 20th century including surviving the Spanish Civil War and La Retirada, being a 'friendly enemy alien', and becoming one of the Dunera boys forced into Australian internment camps. He later went on to develop a new aspect of art and design education he called visual education. We explore Rowland's notion of a visual education, explicating its features, appraising its import, and situating Rowland's ideas to those of his contemporaries. We explore his motivations and how his work advanced art pedagogy. Finally, we argue that Kurt Rowland has been absent in recent literature on art and design education and that his work, which contains elements that have continued relevance today, should not be overlooked.",
+        "output": "Kurt Rowland's Visual Education: A Quiet Force in Post-War Art Pedagogy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - WisdomTree, Inc. (NYSE:WT), a prominent asset manager, has announced the launch of its WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund (BTCW), an exchange-traded fund (ETF) providing exposure to Bitcoin, which has been approved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This development represents a significant milestone for U.S. investors, as it marks the first time they can invest in Bitcoin through an ETF structure.The fund, which will be listed on the Cboe BZX Exchange, aims to track the price of Bitcoin less the fund's expenses and liabilities. Notably, the fund will have an expense ratio of 0.30%, but this fee will be waived for the first $1 billion of the fund\u2019s assets for a six-month period starting January 11, 2024.WisdomTree\u2019s CEO, Jonathan Steinberg, expressed enthusiasm about the launch, highlighting the company's commitment to innovation and its experience in offering Bitcoin exchange-traded products (ETPs) in Europe. This U.S. initiative is seen as a continuation of WisdomTree's efforts to provide investors with regulated access to digital assets.The company's Global Chief Investment Officer, Jeremy Schwartz, also commented on the significance of the fund's approval by the SEC, considering it a pivotal moment in the financial services transformation, particularly regarding access to digital assets through traditional investment channels.WisdomTree emphasizes its responsible approach to decentralized finance (DeFi), focusing on regulatory engagement and principles of transparency and customer asset protection. However, the WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund is not endorsed or guaranteed by any regulatory agency, and potential investors are advised to carefully consider the risk profile of Bitcoin before investing.The announcement also states that WisdomTree manages approximately $99.5 billion in global assets under management as of January 10, 2024. The company offers a range of blockchain-enabled financial products, including eight crypto ETPs in Europe and 13 blockchain-enabled Digital Funds in the U.S.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "WisdomTree launches the WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund (BTCW), the first Bitcoin ETF approved by the SEC, providing U.S. investors with regulated access to Bitcoin with an expense ratio of 0.30% (waived for the first $1 billion of assets for six months).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Strontium (Sr) isotopes measured in fossil remains have been a useful tool to assess the geographical origin and even migrations of humans and other animals. In particular, dental enamel generally represents the ideal material, as it is dense and less prone to diagenetic replacement of Sr post-burial. However, fossil teeth can often be precious artefacts and difficult to access for destructive analysis. Here, we assess whether measuring Sr isotopes in fossil dental calculus could be used at least as a rangefinder to determine the geographical origin of an individual. We measured trace element concentrations in modern calculus (from a local dental practice), and trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in human fossil calculus, dentine, and enamel from specimens collected in York, UK. Comparing trace element concentrations between modern and fossil calculus show that metals present in fossil calculus are mostly acquired post-burial, including Sr. The relationship between 87Sr/86Sr and Rb/Sr ratios in fossil calculus, dentine, and enamel suggests that the diagenetic end member would have a 87Sr/86Sr ratio consistent with the one modelled for the York region, but a low Rb/Sr. Without calculus data, dentine and enamel data would have probably suggested a lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio for a diagenetic end member, expecting high Rb/Sr values. Thus, while Sr isotopes in fossil calculus may not be useful to identify the geographical origin of an individual, they may be useful in constraining the composition of the diagenetic end member. Combining Sr isotopes in fossil dental calculus and enamel could be a more robust approach to identify geographical origin than using enamel alone.",
+        "output": "Assessing the Utility of Strontium Isotopes in Fossil Dental Calculus",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush Khanna Life Insurance  Corporation (NS:LIFI) (LIC), India's largest life insurer with a market capitalization of INR 5,40,660 crore, witnessed a remarkable surge in its stock price, reaching INR 900 apiece in today's session, marking a new 52-week high and a level not seen since the second day of listing in May 2022. The stock had opened at INR 872 in May 2022 on NSE, compared to the issue price of INR 949. Following its listing, LIC shares faced downward pressure until March 2023, hitting an all-time low of INR 530.05. However, a strong turnaround began and the stock totally reversed the course of its trajectory with an upside move. In the last 12 months, the stock has delivered a decent return of over 25%.In December, the government granted LIC a one-time exemption to achieve the mandatory 25% minimum public shareholding within 10 years which also helped ease the selling pressure.LIC introduced a new non-par product, LIC Jeevan Utsav, in November, receiving positive analyst reviews. The company reported a net profit of INR 17,469 crore in H1 FY24, up from INR 16,635 crore in the same period last year. New business premiums and assets under management also exhibited positive trends, increasing by 2.65% and 10.47% year on year, respectively, in H1 FY24.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "LIC's stock price surged to a 52-week high of INR 900, marking a significant turnaround from its all-time low of INR 530.05 in March 2023, driven by positive analyst reviews, strong financial performance, and government exemption for minimum public shareholding.",
-        "system": "",
-        "history": []
-    },
-    {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Siemens soared nearly 9 per cent to a new life-time high at 4,244.55 in Monday's intra-day deals on the BSE after the company announced its plan to consider demerger of its energy business into a separate entity.At 1:45 PM, Siemens traded with a gain of 7.7 per cent at Rs 4,205. Around 29,000 shares had exchanged hands at the counter, as against the two-week average volume of around 13,000 shares on the BSE.The stock has been a star outperformer so far this year, with a gain of over 15 per cent as against the BSE benchmark return of 17.5 per cent.The company in an exchange filing today said, certain promoters of the company, namely Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Germany, Siemens International Holding B.V. and Siemens Energy Holding B.V., and also Siemens Energy Aktiengesellschaft, which is the ultimate parent company of Siemens Energy Holding B.V., have each requested the board of directors of Siemens to consider, evaluate and thereafter start taking exploratory steps towards a potential demerger of the company's energy business into a separate entity.Further, the board has authorized the company's management to commence exploratory steps as may be required to examine a potential demerger of the energy business. It also approved the immediate incorporation of a wholly-owned subsidiary in Mumbai for the aforesaid demerger plan.Earlier in November, for the quarter ended September Siemens reported a net profit of Rs 571 crore, down 12.4 per cent from a year ago at a consolidated level. For the same period, the company reported revenue from operations of Rs 5,721 crore, up 25.3 per cent YoY.",
-        "output": "Siemens shares surged 9% to a record high on Monday after the company announced plans to consider demerging its energy business into a separate entity, with the stock gaining over 15% this year.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "As the sustainable fashion movement gains momentum, there is a growing need to introduce such concepts to the next generation of fashion designer. One approach to produce sustainable designs is upcycling, defined as the salvage and reuse of discarded or found items into new products. This study examines a pedagogical approach for engaging 2nd year undergraduate textile and fashion design students in sustainable fashion design practice. Working in groups, students are challenged to upcycle old clothing into a little black dress, using a keyword as direction for concept, design development, and garment construction techniques. To elevate value in post-consumer textile waste, it is necessary to develop high-quality contemporary design outcomes. This teaching approach aims to encourage the revaluation of recyclable resources, the exploration of the creative potential of fabric manipulation techniques, experimental design development, and professional production techniques. This is achieved through the implementation of a design brief that establishes original approaches to upcycling, contrary to the arbitrary processes that are typically used.",
+        "output": "Upcycling Classics-Sustainable Design Development through Fabric Manipulation Techniques in Fashion Design Education",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Key tipping points of history are rarely found directly in the archaeological record, not least because an event's significance often lies in the perception of the participants. This article documents an early-ninth-century ritual fire-burning event at the Maya site of Ucanal in Guatemala and argues that it marked a public dismantling of an old regime. Rather than examine this event as part of a Classic period Maya collapse, the authors propose that it was a revolutionary pivot point around which the K'anwitznal polity reinvented itself, ushering in wider political transitions in the southern Maya Lowlands.",
-        "output": "A pivot point in Maya history: fire-burning event at K'anwitznal (Ucanal) and the making of a new era of political rule",
+        "input": "Due to structural demographic shifts, declining population, economic restructuring and deindustrialization, the number of shrinking cities has been increasing in South Korea. To tackle these challenges, policy makers have promoted entrepreneurial environments, largely absent in such cities, to accelerate rates of revitalization by attracting talented young knowledge workers. The creation of collaborative coworking spaces is one of these policy responses. However, there have been rising concerns over whether such coworking spaces are producing the expected outcomes. It is uncertain whether policy makers are encouraging the development of coworking spaces without strong evidence of their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to find out what roles coworking spaces play in small and medium sized shrinking cities. A five-month study was conducted in 12 small and medium sized cities (<500,000 population) using two interrelated methods: 1) an online survey with users of coworking spaces in their 20s and 30s and 2) semi-structured interviews with the managing staff/owners of 4 coworking spaces. Based on the study, the research concludes that the coworking spaces played a key role in bringing young people together and helping them to start new businesses by providing proper hard and soft infrastructure, hosting events and sharing information and knowledge.",
+        "output": "The role of coworking spaces in small and medium sized shrinking cities: The case of South Korea",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Contamination of oilfield chemicals (OFCs) by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is increasingly becoming a severe environmental security issue. There is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate method for B[a]P detection in OFCs. In this study, B[a]P hapten was designed using computer aided molecular design. A high-affinity, specific, and matrix-insensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) with IC50 values of 6.77ng/mL was obtained. Based on this mAb, we developed a rapid gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay (GICA) with double T-line mode for on-site detection of B[a]P in OFCs samples. The GICA exhibited excellent detection performance in OFCs samples with strong acidity, strong alkalinity, and deep color. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method detected B[a]P in OFCs at 0.42-300mg/kg, and limit of detection was 0.23-1.07mg/kg. The recovery rate was 88-106% with a coefficient of variation of 1.46-6.35%. Confirmed by natural positive OFCs samples and high-performance liquid chromatography, this GICA is accurate and reliable, with great potential for rapid and cost-effective on-site detection.",
-        "output": "Quantitative immunochromatographic assay for rapid and cost-effective on-site detection of benzo[a]pyrene in oilfield chemicals.",
+        "input": "Certain people occupy topological positions within social networks that enhance their effectiveness at inducing spillovers. We mapped face-to-face networks among 24,702 people in 176 isolated villages in Honduras and randomly assigned villages to targeting methods, varying the fraction of households receiving a 22-month health education package and the method by which households were chosen (randomly versus using the friendship-nomination algorithm). We assessed 117 diverse knowledge, attitude, and practice outcomes. Friendship-nomination targeting reduced the number of households needed to attain specified levels of village-wide uptake. Knowledge spread more readily than behavior, and spillovers extended to two degrees of separation. Outcomes that were intrinsically easier to adopt also manifested greater spillovers. Network targeting using friendship nomination effectively promotes population-wide improvements in welfare through social contagion.",
+        "output": "Induction of social contagion for diverse outcomes in structured experiments in isolated villages.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper addresses the preservation approach chosen for a selected group of born-digital artworks connected to the web, here categorized under the term internet art. The three first cases that are part of the project Infrastructuur Duurzame Toegankelijkheid Digitale Kunst (Collaborative Infrastructure for Sustainable Access to Digital Art) researched by LIMA (a platform for media art based in Amsterdam) focused on how to analyse internet artworks. This case study-based research was conducted in collaboration with 16 collecting institutions based in The Netherlands. The growing number of internet artworks in collections has pushed the development of preservation initiatives that consider these works' fleeting nature, a consequence of their technical build and time-sensitive characteristics. The project aims to produce and share knowledge for these artworks' preservation and overall sustainability while making it available for other similar works. This paper addresses the research steps while assessing its rationale and utility. It starts by describing the case study and assesses how the methodology serves conservation standards. The paper documents an overall evaluation of methods and results, pointing out the applicability and practical relevance of this initiative, here evaluated with positive conclusions. This paper fits the project's mission concerning knowledge sharing and raising awareness for the preservation of internet artworks and is authored by a short-term PhD fellow at LIMA.",
-        "output": "Collaborating for Sustainable Access to Digital Art: A Project Overview",
+        "input": "ObjectivesGiven the distinct political landscape of Japan, this study aims to explore the impact of gender on the parliamentary behavior of Japanese legislators.MethodsUtilizing a self-constructed data set covering the 44th-48th Diets (2005-2021), this study examines the individual-level parliamentary activities of male and female legislators in Japan. Key metrics analyzed include the frequency of speeches delivered in both plenary and committee sessions, alongside the submission of memorandums to the Diet.ResultsThe findings indicate that on the whole, gender exerts only a minimal effect on parliamentary activities. However, upon closer examination of members belonging to opposition parties during specific time periods, female legislators emerge as more active in terms of questioning and memorandum submission compared to their male counterparts.ConclusionThis study unveils a noteworthy trend wherein women legislators in Japan demonstrate equal or greater engagement in parliamentary activities than their male counterparts. These findings underscore the importance of exploring gender dynamics within political systems beyond the Western sphere. Moreover, they emphasize the necessity for ongoing research into gender representation and participation within Japan's political arena.",
+        "output": "Are women politicians outperformed by men? The impact of gender on legislative activity in Japan",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study, the paper at hand provides an example of a pronounced way of working with montage as a means of mobilizing knowledge in the architectural design process. With reference to a specific design project, the paper follows architecture students systematically exploring and structuring the problem's space of possibilities by applying montage. Highlighting the methodological rigor and logical coherence their procedure involves, the paper elaborates on montage as an effective method and traceable exploratory process. Presenting and discussing this empirical data, the paper aims at showing how montage allows for apprehending a problem in a holistic manner while at the same time facilitating its analysis into separate parts. In this way, montage engenders the mobilization of knowledge, which can be implicated to the case at hand.",
-        "output": "Montage as process of knowledge mobilization in architectural design.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Mixed reality offers potential educational advantages in the delivery of clinical teaching. Holographic artefacts can be rendered within a shared learning environment using devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens2. In addition to facilitating remote access to clinical events, mixed reality may provide a means of sharing mental models, including the vertical and horizontal integration of curricular elements at the bedside. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering clinical tutorials using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 and the learning efficacy achieved.METHODS: Following receipt of institutional ethical approval, tutorials on preoperative anaesthetic history taking and upper airway examination were facilitated by a tutor who wore the HoloLens device. The tutor interacted face to face with a patient and two-way audio-visual interaction was facilitated using the HoloLens 2 and Microsoft Teams with groups of students who were located in a separate tutorial room. Holographic functions were employed by the tutor. The tutor completed the System Usability Scale, the tutor, technical facilitator, patients, and students provided quantitative and qualitative feedback, and three students participated in semi-structured feedback interviews. Students completed pre- and post-tutorial, and end-of-year examinations on the tutorial topics.RESULTS: Twelve patients and 78 students participated across 12 separate tutorials. Five students did not complete the examinations and were excluded from efficacy calculations. Student feedback contained 90 positive comments, including the technology's ability to broadcast the tutor's point-of-vision, and 62 negative comments, where students noted issues with the audio-visual quality, and concerns that the tutorial was not as beneficial as traditional in-person clinical tutorials. The technology and tutorial structure were viewed favourably by the tutor, facilitator and patients. Significant improvement was observed between students' pre- and post-tutorial MCQ scores (mean 59.2% Vs 84.7%, p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the HoloLens 2 to facilitate remote bedside tutorials which incorporate holographic learning artefacts. Students' examination performance supports substantial learning of the tutorial topics. The tutorial structure was agreeable to students, patients and tutor. Our results support the feasibility of offering effective clinical teaching and learning opportunities using the HoloLens 2. However, the technical limitations and costs of the device are significant, and further research is required to assess the effectiveness of this tutorial format against in-person tutorials before wider roll out of this technology can be recommended as a result of this study.",
+        "output": "Delivering clinical tutorials to medical students using the Microsoft HoloLens 2: A mixed-methods evaluation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with \u22655,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.",
-        "output": "Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.",
+        "input": "The Connell-Jones Endowed Chair Diversity Nursing Research Scholars Program was created to promote engagement in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the program was widely beneficial, resulting in enrollment in doctoral education for some. Establishing opportunities that promote exposure and participation in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color helps cultivate cohorts of diverse nurses armed to address health disparities through the advancement of nursing knowledge.",
+        "output": "An Effective Academic Medical Center-Based Strategy to Enhance Diversity Among Nurse Researchers",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Indian rupee hit a fresh closing low on Thursday as persistent concerns about a slowdown in China and the possibility of further rate hikes in the US weighed heavily on investors\u2019 minds. Public sector banks sold dollars on behalf of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which prevented a sharper fall, currency dealers said.The current market sentiment appears dull, with a noticeable absence of catalysts for optimism, the dealers said.The domestic currency ended the day at 83.21 a dollar compared to 83.14 on Wednesday. It had touched an intra-day low of 83.22 a dollar. The previous all-time closing low for the rupee was 83.15, on August 17.\u201cWeakness in equity markets, a rising US Dollar Index, and a slump in Chinese external trade are weighing on the sentiments. Over the near term, we could see USDINR cross the current all-time high of 83.29 [intra-day] and head higher towards 83.60/80 levels. Therefore, we expect a broad range of 82.80 and 83.60 over the near term,\u201d Anindya Banerjee, vice-president (currency derivatives & interest rate derivatives) at Kotak Securities, said.While domestic fundamentals have stayed strong, external factors continue to pressure the Indian currency. The rupee has depreciated by 0.5 per cent in the first week of September, while it depreciated by 0.6 per cent in August.In the current financial year, the rupee has depreciated by 1.25 per cent. It fell 7.8 per cent in the previous financial year (FY23). In the current calendar year, the rupee has depreciated by 0.6 per cent.Market participants speculate that the Indian unit might hit the psychologically crucial level of 84 a dollar due to a continuous rise in the dollar index and the weakening of Asian currencies. Additionally, the RBI might not intervene in the market as much in order to maintain a balance between exporters\u2019 and importers\u2019 interests, dealers said.\u201cThe rupee is definitely going to touch the 84 level -- but gradually, because the RBI will be there in the market,\u201d a dealer at a state-owned bank said. \u201cThe RBI was there today (Thursday); that\u2019s why it didn\u2019t touch 84, otherwise it would have closed near the 84 a dollar level,\u201d he added.However, another section of the market believes that the local currency might top out at the current levels.\u201cWe expect that the USDINR pair should top out near 83.20-25 levels again as domestic fundamentals are still better off, and the RBI can start rescue operations to make the 'U-turn'. Broadly, we believe that the fair value of the rupee is near 82.00 to 82.20 and it could start moving towards the same very soon,\u201d Amit Pabari, MD at CR Forex, said.",
-        "output": "The Indian rupee hit a fresh closing low of 83.21 against the US dollar on Thursday due to concerns about a slowdown in China and potential rate hikes in the US, despite intervention by public sector banks on behalf of the RBI. The rupee has depreciated by 1.25% in the current financial year and 0.6% in the current calendar year.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The route and speed of migration into Sahul by Homo sapiens remain a major research question in archaeology. Here, we introduce an approach which models the impact of the physical environment on human mobility by combining time-evolving landscapes with Levy walk foraging patterns, this latter accounting for a combination of short-distance steps and occasional longer moves that hunter-gatherers likely utilised for efficient exploration of new environments. Our results suggest a wave of dispersal radiating across Sahul following riverine corridors and coastlines. Estimated migration speeds, based on archaeological sites and predicted travelled distances, fall within previously reported range from Sahul and other regions. From our mechanistic movement simulations, we then analyse the likelihood of archaeological sites and highlight areas in Australia that hold archaeological potential. Our approach complements existing methods and provides interesting perspectives on the Pleistocene archaeology of Sahul that could be applied to other regions around the world.",
+        "output": "Physiography, foraging mobility, and the first peopling of Sahul.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We examined whether a community engagement approach and jurisdictional attributes were associated with local action to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products in Los Angeles County during 2019-2022. We estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios to examine these associations. Jurisdictions that used an active community engagement approach to adopt a flavored tobacco ban ordinance, those with previous experience adopting other tobacco-related ordinances, and those located next to communities that have an existing tobacco retail license ordinance were more likely than jurisdictions without these attributes to adopt a new ordinance to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products. Efforts to adopt such an ordinance were generally more successful in jurisdictions where community members were engaged and policy makers were familiar with the adoption of public health ordinances.",
-        "output": "Community Engagement, Jurisdictional Experience, and Previous Tobacco-Related Ordinances in Neighboring Communities as Drivers of Flavored Tobacco Bans in Los Angeles County.",
+        "input": "The article focuses on the stratigraphy of the late Byzantine pavement of the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan and the production technology of their mortars by applying thin section petrography, x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Investigations revealed the similarity between the studied pavement and standard Roman mosaic pavements. The pavement consists of four layers (statumen, rudus, nucleus and bedding), but lacks the tessellatum layer. The statumen was constructed using large stones and then leveled by soil and pebbles, while the other three layers are composed of lime-based mortars formed by two different recipes. The white-beige non-hydraulic mortar of the bedding layer consists of a lime binder and aggregates of scoria and organic fibers, and a Binder:Aggregate (B:A) ratio of 1:2. The grey hydraulic mortars of the rudus and nucleus are mixtures of lime and silica-rich silt/clay, fine sand, volcanic rocks, ceramics, and charcoal; and B:A ratios of 1:4. The rudus and nucleus mortars have high values of hydraulic and cementation indices, reflecting their hydraulic properties, which most probably originated from the reaction between lime, ceramic and volcanic inclusions. In contrast, lack of ceramic and absence of the reactions between lime and scoria of the bedding layer probably produced a mortar with low values of hydraulic and cementation indices, but durable and resistant to weight load.",
+        "output": "The pavement layers of the Southwest Church of Umm el-Jimal, Jordan: stratigraphy and archaeometric characterization",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 U.K. equities were lower at the close on Wednesday, as losses in the Insurance, Mining and Mobile Telecommunications sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in London, the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 lost 0.44%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 were  Berkeley Group Holdings PLC  (LON:BKGH), which rose 2.34% or 112.00 points to trade at 4,898.00 at the close. Intertek Group PLC (LON:ITRK) added 2.24% or 94.00 points to end at 4,290.00 and  Taylor Wimpey  PLC (LON:TW) was up 1.61% or 2.35 points to 148.40 in late trade.Biggest losers included J  Sainsbury  PLC (LON:SBRY), which lost 6.34% or 19.40 points to trade at 286.50 in late trade.  Admiral Group  PLC (LON:ADML) declined 5.62% or 153.00 points to end at 2,569.00 and Flutter Entertainment PLC (LON:FLTRF) shed 3.76% or 500.00 points to 12,845.00.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 1189 to 912 and 379 ended unchanged on the London Stock Exchange. In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was down 0.01% or 0.25 to $2,032.75 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in February rose 0.08% or 0.06 to hit $72.30 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract fell 0.15% or 0.12 to trade at $77.47 a barrel.GBP/USD was unchanged 0.19% to 1.27, while EUR/GBP unchanged 0.13% to 0.86.The US Dollar Index Futures was down 0.14% at 102.14.",
-        "output": "The Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.44% on Wednesday, led by losses in the Insurance, Mining, and Mobile Telecommunications sectors. The biggest gainers were Berkeley Group Holdings PLC, Intertek Group PLC, and Taylor Wimpey PLC, while the biggest losers were J Sainsbury PLC, Admiral Group PLC, and Flutter Entertainment PLC.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Reviewed by Matthijs Metselaar, a specialist in fish health and production.",
+        "output": "A 'must-have' book for vets working with aquatic species.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LOS ANGELES - EVgo Inc. (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:EVGO), a prominent fast charging network for electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States, has announced the continuation of its partnership with   Toyota   Motor (NYSE:TM) North America. This collaboration extends the offer of one year of complimentary charging on EVgo's nationwide network to customers who purchase or lease the new 2024 bZ4X model.The original agreement, initiated in February 2022, aimed to alleviate range anxiety for EV drivers by providing access to EVgo's extensive network of public fast charging stations. The extension of this offer underscores the commitment of both companies to support the transition to electric mobility and enhance the convenience for EV drivers across the country.EVgo's Senior Vice President, Maggie Tallman, emphasized the positive reception of the network's convenience and accessibility, which has been a driving factor in continuing the relationship with Toyota. The program is designed to give more EV drivers the opportunity to experience the benefits of EVgo's charging infrastructure.Toyota's General Manager of EV Charging Solutions, James George, expressed satisfaction with the partnership, highlighting the added value for customers who choose the bZ4X. The collaboration with EVgo grants these drivers access to a widespread and reliable charging network, which is an essential component of owning an EV.In addition to the charging benefits, new bZ4X drivers will have around-the-clock access to EVgo's customer support team for assistance with account setup and charging-related inquiries.EVgo operates one of the nation's largest public fast charging networks, with over 950 locations in more than 35 states. The company continues to grow and innovate, offering various services and software products to ensure a seamless charging experience for individual drivers, commercial fleets, and businesses.This extended offer of complimentary charging for 2024 bZ4X owners and lessees is based on a press release statement from EVgo. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "EVgo and Toyota extend their partnership to offer one year of complimentary charging on EVgo's network to new 2024 bZ4X owners and lessees, continuing their commitment to support EV adoption and reduce range anxiety. EVgo operates over 950 fast charging locations in 35 states, providing convenience and reliability for EV drivers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Primary metastatic breast cancer (pMBC) accounts for 5-10% of annual breast cancers with a median survival of 3-4 years, varying among subtypes. In Denmark, the incidence of breast cancer increased until 2010, followed by a stabilisation. Several factors influencing pMBC incidence and survival, including screening prevalence, staging methods, and classification standards, remain pivotal but inadequately documented.MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective observational study involving pMBC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 encompassed all Danish oncology departments. Data from the Danish Breast Cancer Group database and the National Patient Register included diagnosis specifics, demographics, treatment, and follow-up.RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2020, 3,272 patients were diagnosed with pMBC, a rise from 355 patients in 2000-2004 to 1,323 patients in 2015-2020. The increase was particularly observed in patients aged 70 years or older. Changes in tumour subtypes were observed, notably with a rise in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cases but a steady distribution of estrogen receptor (ER) status. Diagnostic practices changed over the two decades, with 6% evaluated with PET/CT (positron emission tomography-computed tomography) or CT (computed tomography) with a bone evaluation in 2000-2004 and 65% in 2015-2020. Overall survival (OS) improved from 23 months in 2000-2004 to 33 months in 2015-2020. In patients with ER-positive and HER2-positive disease, the multivariable model showed improved survival by year of diagnosis, and further, patients with ER-negative/HER2-negative disease fared worse the first 2 years after diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Our study delineates changes in the treatment and survival of pMBC over two decades. Stage migration, screening introduction, and changes in registration practice, however, prevent a valid assessment of a possible causal relationship.",
+        "output": "Incidence and survival of primary metastatic breast cancer in Denmark; implication of breast cancer screening, classification, and staging practice.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India is the best-performing market among the top 10 this month, having gained nearly 3 per cent in dollar terms. This outperformance has allowed the benchmark National Stock Exchange Nifty to close above the 20,000 mark for the first time. The S&P BSE Sensex is also just 82 points away from a new high. Apart from India, Japan is the only market that has logged positive gains. The global market capitalisation has declined by 0.7 per cent this month, reaching $106 trillion, mainly due to declines in the US, China, and France markets. India\u2019s market capitalisation is approaching the $4",
-        "output": "India's stock market outperformed global markets this month, with the Nifty crossing 20,000 and the Sensex nearing a new high, while global market capitalization declined due to losses in the US, China, and France.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The objective of this case study is to present the issues, methods and experiments underway to enable the acquisition of data and the creation of digital models of the timber structures, also known as the Forest , of Notre-Dame de Paris at different temporal states. Among the different models created, a restitution was developed from all the data collected and produced. This interpretation is the result of collecting, collating, and synthesizing heterogeneous data on pre- and post-fire structures. Indeed, the constitution of this model is also based on new data, obtained after the accident, which required the development of ad-hoc solutions to meet the various constraints of the site. These different resources have made it possible to produce the first univocal and three-dimensional restitution of the frameworks before - and after - the fire and the way to gather in particular all the partial data having been used to create it. This experimentation proposes the necessary qualities to enrich the future ecosystem of analysis and multidimensional memorization for the restoration and conservation of Notre-Dame. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Gathering, integration, and interpretation of heterogeneous data for the virtual reconstruction of the Notre Dame de Paris roof structure",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "For millennia, healing and psychoactive plants have been part of the medicinal and ceremonial fabric of elaborate rituals and everyday religious practices throughout Mesoamerica. Despite the essential nature of these ritual practices to the societal framework of past cultures, a clear understanding of the ceremonial life of the ancient Maya remains stubbornly elusive. Here we record the discovery of a special ritual deposit, likely wrapped in a bundle, located beneath the end field of a Late Preclassic ballcourt in the Helena complex of the Maya city of Yaxnohcah. This discovery was made possible by the application of environmental DNA technology. Plants identified through this analytical process included Ipomoea corymbosa (xtabentun in Mayan), Capsicum sp. (chili pepper or ic in Mayan), Hampea trilobata (jool), and Oxandra lanceolata (chilcahuite). All four plants have recognized medicinal properties. Two of the plants, jool and chilcahuite, are involved in artifact manufacture that have ceremonial connections while chili peppers and xtabentun have been associated with divination rituals. Xtabentun (known to the Aztecs as ololiuhqui) produces highly efficacious hallucinogenic compounds and is reported here from Maya archaeological contexts for the first time.",
-        "output": "Psychoactive and other ceremonial plants from a 2,000-year-old Maya ritual deposit at Yaxnohcah, Mexico",
+        "input": "This paper investigates trabecular bone ontogenetic changes in two different Polish populations, one prehistoric and the other historical. The studied populations are from the Brzesc Kujawski region in Kujawy (north-central Poland), one from the Neolithic Period (4500-4000 BC) and one from the Middle Ages (twelfth-sixteenth centuries AD), in total 62 vertebral specimens (32 males, 30 females). Eight morphometric parameters acquired from microCT scan images were analysed. Two-way ANOVA after Box-Cox transformation and multifactorial regression model were calculated. A significant decrease in percentage bone volume fraction (BV/TV; [%]) with age at death was observed in the studied sample; Tb.N (trabecular number) was also significantly decreased with age; trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased with advancing age; connectivity density (Conn.D) was negatively correlated with biological age and higher in the Neolithic population. These data are found to be compatible with data from the current biomedical literature, while no loss of horizontal trabeculae was recorded as would be expected based on modern osteoporosis.",
+        "output": "Age- and sex-related changes in vertebral trabecular bone architecture in Neolithic and Mediaeval populations from Poland.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) on Wednesday quashed regulator Sebi's order banning Future Retail chairperson Kishore Biyani and some other promoters from the securities market for one year in an insider trading case.Dismissing the Sebi's order, the appellate tribunal said that the entities did not trade in the shares of Future Retail Ltd (FRL) on the basis of unpublished price sensitive information (UPSI) relating to demerger as such information was already in public domain through multiple media reports.\"We are satisfied that the information relating to de-merger was already in the public domain and, therefore, trading done by the appellants in the shares after the publication of the interviews and news reports cannot be considered as trading while in possession of UPSI. Thus, the charge in the show cause notice fails and the findings given by the WTM cannot be sustained. The impugned order is quashed,\" a bench comprising Presiding Officer Tarun Agarwala and Technical Member Meera Swarup said.Further, two authorities of Sebi -- WTM (Whole Time Member) as well as the Adjudicating Officer -- accepted that if the transaction is in the public domain through newspaper reports/ interviews then trading on the basis of such information cannot be treated as UPSI, the tribunal noted.The ruling came after the entities challenged an order passed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) in February 2021 that had barred Kishore Biyani and certain other promoters of Future Retail Ltd from the securities market for one year for indulging in insider trading in the shares of the company.In addition, the regulator had imposed a fine of Rs 1 crore each on Kishore Biyani, Anil Biyani and Future Corporate Resources. Besides, they were asked to disgorge Rs 17.78 crore for the wrongful gains made by them.Sebi had conducted an investigation in the scrip of FRL to ascertain whether certain persons and entities had traded during the March 10, 2017 to April 20, 2017 period on the basis of UPSI pertaining to the segregation of certain business of the firm.FRL made a corporate announcement to the stock exchanges on April 20, 2017, regarding the outcome of its board meeting, wherein its board approved the segregation of certain businesses of FRL through a composite scheme of arrangement between FRL, Bluerock eServices Pvt Ltd (BSPL) and Praxis Home Retail Pvt Ltd (PHRPL) and their respective shareholders. The scheme of arrangement has, in fact, resulted in the demerger of certain businesses of FRL.Sebi, in its order, found that Future Corporate Resources had traded in the shares of FRL during the UPSI period and made notional unlawful gains of Rs 17.78 crore.\"We find that the WTM has failed to appreciate that the significance, dominance and outreach of the media in financial sector reporting impacts investor sentiment and behaviour and impacts the securities market. We find that the publication of information regarding the transaction was also reported in multiple print and digital publications... and various research reports where the imminence and nature of the transaction were highlighted in depth have been entirely ignored by the WTM,\" the tribunal noted.",
-        "output": "SAT overturned Sebi's order banning Future Retail's Kishore Biyani and other promoters from the securities market for insider trading, citing that the information was already in the public domain through media reports. The tribunal found that the entities did not trade on the basis of unpublished price-sensitive information.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Internet is an important gateway for accessing health-related information, and data generated through web queries have been increasingly used as a complementary source for monitoring and forecasting of infectious diseases and they may partially address the issue of underreporting. In this study, we assessed whether tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)-related Internet search volume may be useful as a complementary tool for TBE surveillance in Italy. Monthly Google Trends (GT) data for TBE-related information were extracted for the period between January 2017 and September 2022, corresponding to the available time series of TBE notifications in Italy. Time series modeling was performed by applying seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models with or without GT data. The search terms relative to tick bites reflected best the observed temporal distribution of TBE cases, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.88). Particularly, both the reported number of TBE cases and GT searches occurred mainly during the summer. The peak of disease notifications coincided with that of Google searches in 4 of 6 years. Once calibrated, SARIMA models with or without GT data were applied to a validation set. Retrospective forecast made by the model with GT data was associated with a lower prediction error and accurately predicted the peak timing. By contrast, the traditional SARIMA model underestimated the actual number of TBE notifications by 65 %. Timeliness, easy availability, low cost and transparency make monitoring of the TBE-related Internet search queries a promising addition to the traditional methods of TBE surveillance in Italy.",
+        "output": "Web search volume as a near-real-time complementary surveillance tool of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Italy.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MOUNTAIN VIEW - Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) has announced a restructuring of its sales team, primarily affecting roles within its Large Customer Sales division that cater to its larger advertising customers. This decision, part of an annual process as indicated by Philipp Schindler, Senior Vice President at Google, comes as the tech giant continues to streamline its operations and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into its business. While the company has experienced significant layoffs in the past year, with about 12 percent of its workforce being cut, it remains committed to investing in AI technologies.The layoffs are part of Google's broader strategic shift towards AI, with applications such as product image analysis and search optimization at the forefront of this transition. Despite the reduction in staff, Google is preparing to bolster its support for small businesses by increasing hiring later in the year. This initiative is expected to enhance the company's AI capabilities, further entrenching its role in the digital advertising space.A key part of this restructuring involves elevating the role of the Google Customer Solutions team in ad sales activities. Chris Pappas, a spokesperson for Google reassured that those affected by layoffs have opportunities for other roles within the company. Google's pivot to AI reflects the industry's ongoing trend of automating processes and creating more efficient systems. By focusing on AI, the company aims to deliver improved services to its customers, particularly small businesses that are increasingly reliant on digital advertising for growth.This move aligns with broader industry trends as evidenced by workforce reductions at Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) across Twitch and other divisions as well as at companies such as Discord and Meta (NASDAQ:META). It also follows earlier staff reductions across divisions like Pixel and Nest within Google itself.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Google is restructuring its sales team, primarily affecting its Large Customer Sales division, as part of its annual process and ongoing AI integration. Despite recent layoffs, Google remains committed to investing in AI technologies and plans to increase hiring later in the year to support small businesses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This dialogic piece highlights how whiteness shapes the social ecology of different spaces and how positions change depending on space or the people in that space. Employing a methodology rooted in spatial experiences via participant observation and reflective dialogue about those experiences, we suggest that the complexities of whiteness, of masculinities, and of identities mean that there are fissures and moments that create the potential for disruption and for breaking apart hegemonic whiteness and masculinity. We discuss strategic resistance in white spaces, the racial spiral of whiteness, being subject to the white gaze of suspicion, strategic collaborative manipulation of whiteness, coalitionary whiteness, touristic whiteness, and white (mis)staking/(mis)taking.",
+        "output": "Creating tears in the fabric of whiteness",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Capital markets regulator Sebi has empanelled 12 entities, including Ernst & Young LLP and KPMG Assurance and Consulting Services LLP, to provide assistance to its search team for onsite data acquisition during search and seizure operations.The other empanelled entities are -- Baker Tilly Business Advisory Services, Cybermate Forensics & Data Security Solutions, Cyint Technologies, ECS Info Tech, Innefu Labs, Mahen Technologies, Nangia & Co LLP, Netrika Consulting India, Pelorus Technologies and Systools Software, according to a notice by Sebi last week.They have been empanelled for providing digital forensic services to the regulator following the completion of the empanelment process. The empanelment will be valid for a period of two years.In August, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) invited applications for empanelment of service providers experienced in the field of digital forensic services.The applications were invited from eligible service providers experienced in digital forensic services for acquisition, extraction and analysis of digital evidence from mobile, computers, and tablets, among others, on an ongoing basis.As per the notice, the entities will be required to provide onsite and offsite assistance to the search team and onsite data acquisition during search and seizure operations.In addition, they will have to undertake forensic acquisition or imaging of different types of digital devices, such as laptops, mobile phones, tablets, hard drives, USB drives, CDs/DVDs, servers etc.Further, they will be required to do onsite acquisition of cloud data from cloud apps like Gmail, Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, Telegram, WhatsApp and any other app or database as decided by the search party.Last year, Sebi initiated a crackdown against entities allegedly involved in a front-running scam using messaging app Telegram.",
-        "output": "Sebi has empanelled 12 entities, including Ernst & Young LLP and KPMG Assurance and Consulting Services LLP, to provide digital forensic services for onsite data acquisition during search and seizure operations for a period of two years. These entities will assist Sebi in acquiring, extracting, and analyzing digital evidence from various devices and cloud apps.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Bryan Mercurio's brief accurately describes the inflection point of the global trading system as world governments retreat from free and fair trade. Chief among them is the United States, whose recent reversal is sending shockwaves throughout the rules-based economic world order. The United States' conflation of trade policy vis-a-vis China and national security, as well as the use of trade policy to garner political support from voters disenfranchised by the global trading system, have given way to industrial subsidies and protectionist tendencies. This article aims to build upon Mercurio's points and identify the underlying causes and long-term consequences of the current US direction. In addition, this piece differs from Dr Mercurio's assertions on three critical aspects of today's trade landscape. Firstly, industrial policy and economic security measures were first undertaken by China, and the United States and allied nations only followed suit. Secondly, the current US economic policy regarding China is severely constrained by today's political landscape, and the Biden administration's approach is moderate given these confines. Lastly, despite challenges, low-income countries can gain from the diversification movement as production shifts away from China.",
+        "output": "Response to Bryan Mercurio's Caveat Emptor",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "While Prospect Theory helps to explain decision-making under risk, studies often base frames on hypothetical events and fail to acknowledge that many individuals lack the ability and motivation to engage in complex thinking. We use an original survey of US adults (N=2813) to test Prospect Theory in the context of the May 2023 debt ceiling negotiations in the US Congress and assess whether objective numeracy moderates framing effects. We hypothesize and find evidence to suggest that most respondents are risk-averse to potential gains and risk-accepting to potential losses; however, high numerates are more risk-averse and risk-accepting to gains and losses, respectively, than low numerates. We also find that need for cognition interacts with numeracy to moderate framing effects for prospective losses, such that higher need for cognition attenuates risk-acceptance among low numerates and exacerbates risk-acceptance among high numerates. Our results are robust to a range of other covariates and in models accounting for the interaction between political knowledge and need for cognition, indicating joint moderating effects from two knowledge domains similarly conditioned by the desire to engage in effortful thinking. Our findings demonstrate that those who can understand and use objective information may remain subjectively persuaded by certain policy frames.",
-        "output": "Objective numeracy exacerbates framing effects from decision-making under political risk.",
+        "input": "Pig and dog were highly valued animals in pre-contact Polynesia. In this paper, I focus on pig and dog use in the resource rich, and hierarchically complex, pre-contact Society Island chiefdoms. Utilizing ethnohistoric data and human-centred use-webs data, I provide a preliminary study of the diverse ways that pigs and dogs were used in pre-contact Ma'ohi life across 13 use categories. Ethnohistoric analyses indicate that pigs, and to some extent dogs, were intimately associated with elite ceremonial use, yet pigs were commonly associated with war and fertility rituals, while dogs were commonly associated with peacekeeping events. Preliminary comparison of pig and dog frequencies at eight excavated archaeological sites suggests pig bones far outnumber dog bones. There is also differential recovery of pig and dog bone in terms of site function and site status, with high status temples dating to the Centralization Phase having the highest incidence of both species. It is highly likely that the advent of the 'Oro war cult led to intensified pig husbandry, given this animal's robust associations with ritual use, moral notions of chiefly power and cosmology. Why dog husbandry was less intensified in the Society Islands, and why this animal was perhaps accessed largely through long-distance trade relationships, is an ongoing question.Le cochon et le chien etaient des animaux tres apprecies en Polynesie preeuropeenne. Dans cet article, je me concentre sur l'utilisation des porcs et des chiens dans les chefferies des iles de la Societe, riches en ressources et hierarchiquement complexes, avant le contact avec les Europeens. En utilisant des donnees ethnohistoriques et des donnees sur les reseaux d'utilisation centres sur l'humain, je propose une etude preliminaire des diverses manieres dont les porcs et les chiens etaient utilises dans la vie Ma'ohi avant le contact avec 13 categories d'utilisation. Les analyses ethnohistoriques indiquent que les porcs, et dans une certaine mesure les chiens, etaient intimement associes a l'usage ceremonial des elites, mais que les porcs etaient generalement associes aux rituels de guerre et de fertilite, tandis que les chiens etaient generalement associes aux evenements de maintien de la paix. Une comparaison preliminaire des frequences de porcs et de chiens sur huit sites archeologiques fouilles suggere que les os de porc sont bien plus nombreux que les os de chiens. Il existe egalement une recuperation differentielle des os de porc et de chien en termes de fonction et de statut du site, les temples de haut statut datant de la phase de centralisation ayant la plus forte incidence des deux especes. Il est fort probable que l'avenement du culte de guerre 'Oro ait conduit a une intensification de l'elevage de porcs, etant donne les fortes associations de cet animal avec l'usage rituel, les notions morales de pouvoir principal et la cosmologie. Pourquoi l'elevage de chiens etait-il moins intensifie dans les iles de la Societe, et pourquoi cet animal etait peut-etre accessible en grande partie grace a des relations commerciales a longue distance, reste une question constante.",
+        "output": "Pig and dog use in the pre-contact Society Island Chiefdoms: integrated ethnohistoric, archaeological and use-web analyses",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Blair articulates a concept of argument that suggests, as he puts it, that argument is a normative concept (Blair, Informal Logic 24:137-151, 2004, p. 190). Put roughly, the idea is that a collection of propositions doesn't constitute an argument unless some taken together constitute a reason for the remaining proposition and thereby support it enough to provide at least prima facie justification for it (Blair, in: Blair, Johnson, Hansen, Tindale (eds) Informal Logic at 25, Proceedings of the 25th anniversary conference, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, 2003, p.173). My primary task in this paper is to advance an understanding of the illative unit of argument and the reasons associated with it that provides an intuition pump for a normative concept of argument. My aim is to advance a positive consideration in favor of a normative concept of argument that motivates its further development. I take the normative concept of argument I defend here to be in the same ballpark as the one Blair characterizes.",
-        "output": "In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument",
+        "input": "Background Medical schools are called to be socially accountable by medical education and healthcare system stakeholders. Social accountability is a feature of excellent medical education. Medical students are essential to the development of socially accountable medical schools. Therefore, understanding the perceptions and experiences of medical students regarding social accountability is critical for efforts to improve social accountability practices and outcomes.Methods This cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey used Google Forms and involved medical students in their fourth and fifth years of study at the Makerere University School of Medicine. The survey was conducted between September 2022 and October 2023. We used a study questionnaire and a validated toolkit designed by students as part of The Training for Health Equity Collaborative to gauge a school's progress towards social accountability in medical schools to collect data on demographics, perceptions and experiences and evaluate social accountability.Results Out of 555 eligible medical students, 426 responded to the online questionnaire. The response rate was 77%. The mean age of the students was 25.24 +/- 4.4 years. Almost three fourths of the students were male (71.3%), and slightly less than two thirds were in their fourth year of study (65%). Almost half of the students (48.1%%) evaluated the school as doing well with regard to social accountability. The evaluation items referring to community-based research and positive impact on the community had the highest mean scores. Only 6 (3.6%) students who reported hearing of social accountability had a clear understanding of social accountability. Students receiving career guidance in secondary school was associated with evaluating social accountability in the medical school as strong (p-0.003).Conclusions Medical students evaluated the medical school favorably forsocial accountability despite lacking a clear understanding of social accountability. Receiving career guidance in secondary school was significantly associated with a positive evaluation of social accountability.",
+        "output": "Perceptions and experiences of undergraduate medical students regarding social accountability: a cross-sectional study at a Subsaharan African medical school",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Nuvama Wealth Management made its trading debut on Tuesday, joining industry peers such as 360 One WAM and Anand Rathi Wealth as pure-play listed wealth management firms.Shares of Nuvama\u2014hived off from Edelweiss Financial Services\u2014finished at Rs 2,612.5 on the NSE, valuing the firm at Rs 9,163 crore. However, its fair value discovery could get a few more sessions as its shares hit 5 per cent down limit after only a handful of trades.Private equity major PAG-promoted Nuvama verticals include main-stay wealth management, asset management and capital markets. It manages assets worth Rs 2.5 trillion. In FY23, the company had clocked revenue of Rs 1,575 crore and net profit of Rs 368 crore (excluding certain non-recurring expenses).The company is aiming to double its bottomline in three years underpinned by the growing number of wealthy Indians and their demand for investment solutions.India\u2019s high networth individual, or HNI (those with assets of over $1 million) population is expected to grow at an annualised rate of 12 per cent to 1.41 million by 2026. On the back of this the wealth management business in India is pegged to grow at an annualised rate of between 12-15 per cent over the next five years. Also, a lot of HNIs who currently get advised from informal channels are likely to pivot to large organised players.As a result, the wealth management space has seen a lot of interest from private equity investors.For instance, the Blackstone group last year picked up a 71 per cent stake in ASK Investment, while Bain Capital owns a fourth of 360 One.Currently, PAG, an Asian investment firm, holds about 57.2 per cent stake in the company, Edelweiss about 13.7 per cent and the remaining 29 per cent is with the public.\u201cThe financial savings are going to quadruple in the next 10-12 years. Next 10 years both inflation and interest rates will be high, so compounding will be faster. Even at similar compounding like the past decade, the Rs 300 trillion financial savings will become Rs 1,200 trillion. This will help wealth management firms gain scale and size,\u201d said Ashish Kehair, MD & CEO, Nuvama Group.",
-        "output": "Nuvama Wealth Management, with assets under management of Rs 2.5 trillion, debuted on the NSE at Rs 2,612.5, valuing the firm at Rs 9,163 crore. The wealth management business in India is expected to grow at an annualized rate of 12-15% over the next five years, driven by the growing number of wealthy Indians and their demand for investment solutions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Auxetics are a unique class of innovative materials/structures. Auxetic material/structures possess a negative value of Poisson's ratio owing to the distinguished deformation behavior represented by the transvers expansion or contraction when they experience uniaxial stretching or compression, respectively. The aim of this manuscript is to show contributions of the structural modification on an auxetic hybrid structure. The in-plane properties of an auxetic structure, called the modified re-entrant chiral auxetic (MRCA) structure under quasi-static compression were experimentally and numerically explored. The experimental specimens were 3D printed using fused deposition modeling technique. The commercial ABAQUS/Explicit solver was used to develop the simulated models. Results showed that the structural modification have led to effectively improve deformation coordination (i.e. uniform deformation patterns) and the compressive properties of the modified structure. Young's moduli were 1.75 and 12.7 higher than those of the original geometry, while values of plateau stress were 3.1 and 1.23 higher than those of the original geometry when they were compressed along the X and Y axes, respectively. The specific energy absorptions per unit mass were 4.7 J g-1 and 3.9 J g-1 when the MRCA specimens were compressed along the X and Y axes, respectively. However, the added cylinders limited the auxeticity (i.e. the transvers contraction) of the specimens during the compression tests.",
+        "output": "Compressive properties of a modified re-entrant chiral auxetic structure (MRCA) under uniaxial quasi-static loading",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "RR Kabel\u2019s initial public offering (IPO) garnered 25 per cent subscription on Wednesday. Most of the bids on the first day came from retail and high networth individuals. The TPG-backed company has set the price band for its IPO at Rs 983 to Rs 1,035 per share. At the upper end, the issue size works out to Rs 1,964 crore, making it the second-largest IPO of the year after Mankind Phar\u00adma. The fresh issue component of the IPO is only Rs 180 crore and the remaining is secondary share sale by promoters and TPG. The company, a leading manufacturer of wires and cables, will be valued at Rs 11,676 crore at the top-end of the price band.Emkay Investment Managers, the asset management arm of Emkay Global Financial Services, has appointed Manish Sonthalia as its chief investment officer (CIO). Sonthalia joins the Emkay group from Motilal Oswal Asset Management Company where he has served as an executive director and CIO for portfolio management services, alternates and offshore investments.",
-        "output": "RR Kabel's IPO received 25% subscription on the first day, with most bids coming from retail and high networth individuals. The company, valued at Rs 11,676 crore, has set the price band for its IPO at Rs 983 to Rs 1,035 per share, with a fresh issue component of Rs 180 crore and the remaining being secondary share sale by promoters and TPG.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "As the concentration of fine particles (PM2.5) is declining, ozone (O3) concentration has been increasing in China in recent years. To collaboratively control PM2.5 and O3, it is critical to understand the relationship between the two and identify major controlling factors. We use a convergent cross-mapping method to detect the causal relationship between daily PM2.5 and maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentrations in Beijing, Taizhou, Shenzhen and Chengdu, China, in the four seasons in 2015-2021. In addition, we also examined causal effects of atmospheric oxidation capacity, precursors and meteorological elements on PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 in the four cities. PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 are strongly positively correlated and show bidirectional causal relationships during the Beijing and Taizhou summer and in the four seasons in Shenzhen, due mainly to the strong photochemical reactions in the daytime. During the Beijing winter, PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 show bidirectional causal relationships, but the two are significantly negatively correlated, driven by NO2 and relative humidity. Weak bidirectional, unidirectional and no causal effects between PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 are detected in other seasons in the four cities. In these seasons and cities, the top three causal factors of PM2.5 differ from those of MDA8 O3. Season-, city- and pollutant-specific control measures of PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 are required.",
+        "output": "Detecting causal relationships between fine particles and ozone based on observations in four typical cities of China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Wells Fargo  (NYSE:WFC) reported fourth-quarter earnings today, which caused shares to trade almost 2% lower in early New York trading on Friday.Earnings per share were 86 cents, while the analyst estimate stood at $0.97. The revenue for the quarter was $20.48 billion, surpassing the consensus estimate of $20.36 billion. Chief Executive Officer Charlie Scharf commented, \u201cAlthough our improved 2023 results benefited from the strong economic environment and higher interest rates, our continued focus on efficiency and strong credit discipline were important contributors as well.\u201dTotal average loans for the fourth quarter met the average analyst estimate at $938.0 billion. The efficiency ratio was 77%, higher than the estimated 67%. The return on equity was 7.6%, falling short of the estimated 8.6%. On the other hand, the common equity Tier 1 ratio was reported at 11.4%, surpassing the estimated 10.9%. Non-interest expenses amounted to $15.79 billion, exceeding the estimate of $14.4 billion, with personnel expenses at $9.18 billion against the estimated $8.93 billion. The bank said it sees 2024 net interest income (NII) to be potentially lower by 7-9% compared to 2023. Last year, Wells Fargo's NII stood at $52.38 billion.",
-        "output": "Wells Fargo reported lower-than-expected earnings per share of 86 cents, missing the analyst estimate of $0.97, despite revenue exceeding expectations at $20.48 billion. The bank's efficiency ratio was higher than estimated at 77%, while the return on equity fell short of expectations at 7.6%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary heart team (HT) evaluation is recommended for patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation to optimize treatment decisions. However, its impact on patient outcomes remains unknown. We evaluated the impact of implementing mitral HT on patient survival.METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with new diagnoses of severe primary mitral regurgitation in a large healthcare network echocardiogram database between 2016 and 2020. We compared the incidence of multidisciplinary evaluation by structural cardiology and cardiac surgery services and 2-year survival before and after mitral HT implementation. The 1:1 propensity-score matching between pre- and post-mitral HT used Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality for mitral repair, age, sex, race, heart failure symptoms, inpatient setting, history of MI, and dementia as covariates. Logistic regression identified variables associated with the likelihood of undergoing multidisciplinary evaluation. Among 70510 echocardiograms performed, 391 patients had severe primary mitral regurgitation (median age, 77years; 46% women). Multidisciplinary evaluation increased from 29% to 89% (P<0.001), and intervention increased from 24% to 75% following mitral HT implementation (P<0.001). Among 180 propensity-score matched patients, mortality was lower post-mitral HT at 2years (19% versus 32%, P=0.04). The multivariable model showed that mitral HT implementation and heart failure symptoms were associated with higher odds of undergoing multidisciplinary evaluation (OR [odds ratio], 18.7 and 2.72, respectively), whereas female sex and older age were associated with lower odds (OR, 0.39 and 0.93, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of mitral HT was associated with drastic improvement in multidisciplinary evaluation for patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation. This coincided with higher proportions of patients undergoing mechanical correction of MR and improved overall patient survival.",
+        "output": "Implementing Formal Mitral Heart Team Improves Multidisciplinary Evaluation Rate and Survival of Patients With Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HOLON, Israel - Sapiens International (NASDAQ:SPNS) Corporation (NASDAQ: SPNS) (TASE: SPNS), a prominent provider of software solutions for the insurance industry, has announced the successful deployment of its CoreSuite for Life & Pensions and Cloud Services at Gjensidige Pensjonsforsikring (GPF), a leading Norwegian insurance firm. This marks a significant development for GPF, positioning it as the first Nordic company to implement CoreSuite, with the aim of enhancing its digital capabilities and solidifying its market presence.The CoreSuite platform, tailored specifically for the Norwegian market, is designed to increase automation and operational efficiency, granting GPF real-time access to centrally managed data. By utilizing a unified system on the cloud, GPF is expected to streamline its workflows, accelerate its digital transformation, and improve customer engagement. Sapiens will continue to maintain and update the CoreSuite solution, ensuring it meets the latest technological and regulatory standards.Torstein Ingebretsen, CEO of GPF, expressed satisfaction with the initial phase of the core transformation project and the support provided by Sapiens. He emphasized the importance of a strong core and strategy for GPF's growth within the dynamic Norwegian pensions market.Roni Al-Dor, President and CEO of Sapiens, highlighted the milestone achievement in the Nordics and the company's commitment to supporting GPF's innovation journey and customer service excellence with its cloud-based IT infrastructure.Sapiens CoreSuite for Life & Pensions is an award-winning policy administration system that supports individual and group products across various sectors, including life, health, wealth, and retirement. Sapiens Cloud Services is designed to foster business growth by offering a comprehensive suite of value-added cloud services.GPF, a subsidiary of Gjensidige Forsikring, primarily provides defined contribution and investment products, pension plans, and risk products for groups and individuals in Norway. Sapiens International Corporation serves over 600 customers in more than 30 countries, empowering the financial sector's digital transformation with its cloud-based SaaS insurance platform.This development is based on a press release statement from Sapiens International Corporation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Sapiens International Corporation's CoreSuite for Life & Pensions and Cloud Services have been successfully deployed at Gjensidige Pensjonsforsikring (GPF), making GPF the first Nordic company to implement CoreSuite. This move aims to enhance GPF's digital capabilities, increase automation, and improve customer engagement.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a major concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the country's protracted crisis context exacerbates the problem. This political economy analysis examines the maternal and newborn health (MNH) prioritization in the DRC, focussing specifically on the conflict-affected regions of North and South Kivu. The aim is to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder the prioritization of MNH policy development and implementation by the Congolese government and other key actors at national level and in the provinces of North and South Kivu.METHODS: Using a health policy triangle framework, data collection consisted of in-depth interviews with key actors at different levels of the health system, combined with a desk review. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive and then deductive approaches, exploring the content, process, actor dynamics, contextual factors and gender-related factors influencing MNH policy development and implementation.RESULTS: The study highlighted the challenges of prioritizing policies in the face of competing health and security emergencies, limited resources and governance issues. The universal health coverage policy seems to offer hope for improving access to MNH services. Results also revealed the importance of international partnerships and global financial mechanisms in the development of MNH strategies. They reveal huge gender disparities in the MNH sector at all levels, and the need to consider cultural factors that can positively or negatively impact the success of MNH policies in crisis zones.CONCLUSIONS: MNH is a high priority in DRC, yet implementation faces hurdles due to financial constraints, political influences, conflicts and gender disparities. Addressing these challenges requires tailored community-based strategies, political engagement, support for health personnel and empowerment of women in crisis areas for better MNH outcomes.",
+        "output": "Prioritization of maternal and newborn health policies and their implementation in the eastern conflict affected areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo: a political economy analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya is one of the representative works of Dharmak & imacr;rti. It is concerned with debate logic and deals with win-or-lose reasoning rules in the broad sense of logic. In this paper, we will concentrate our discussion on Dharmak & imacr;rti's theory of nigrahasth & amacr;na (fault) in his debate logic, a key issue in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya. First, we point out that the justification of three logical reasons as proof conditions of debate constitutes the rational point of departure for Dharmak & imacr;rti's debate logic. Second, we analyze the differences between Dharmak & imacr;rti's and the Naiy & amacr;yika's notion of debate and point out that Dharmak & imacr;rti's 'debate' involves two parties (the disputant and the opponent) attempting to rationally refute the other's opinion to persuade the other to change their wrong ideas. Last, based on the discussion of Dharmak & imacr;rti's concept of debate logic, we identify seven types of nigrahasth & amacr;na in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya with regard to the two parties of a debate (the disputant and the opponent).",
-        "output": "The Theory of Nigrahasth\u0101na in V\u0101dany\u0101ya of Dharmak\u012brti",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: While political polarization in policy opinions, preferences, and observance is well established, little is known about whether and how such divisions evolve, and possibly attenuate, over time. Using the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil as the backdrop, we examine the longitudinal evolution of a highly relevant and polarizing policy: adherence to the COVID-19 vaccination.METHODS: Studies 1 (N=3346) and 2 (N=10,214) use nationwide surveys to document initial differences and subsequent changes in vaccination adherence between conservatives (Bolsonaristas) and non-conservatives (non-Bolsonaristas). Study 3 (N=742) uses an original dataset to investigate belief changes among conservatives and their association with asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence.RESULTS: Despite substantial differences at the early stages of rollout, the gap in vaccination adherence between conservatives and non-conservatives significantly decreased with the passage of time, driven essentially by a much faster uptake among the initially most skeptic-the conservatives. Study 3 demonstrates that the asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence were associated with meaningful belief changes among the conservatives, especially about the perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines and the expected adherence of peers to the vaccination campaign.CONCLUSIONS: Together, these studies show that, in a context where the superiority of the promoted policy becomes clear over time and individuals have the opportunity to revisit prior beliefs, even intense political polarization can be attenuated.",
+        "output": "Longitudinal attenuation in political polarization: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccination adherence in Brazil.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Detroit-based automaker, Stellantis (NYSE:STLA) announced Friday that the company\u2019s corporate venture fund, Stellantis Venture, is participating as a strategic investor in Tiamat.Tiamat is a France-based battery manufacturer and is currently developing sodium-ion battery technology for commercialization.Sodium-ion technology provides a more economical cost per kilowatt-hour and eliminates the need for lithium and cobalt. The widespread availability of sodium brings advantages in terms of enhanced sustainability and material independence.Tiamat, recognized as one of the top 11 high-performing technology start-ups, received a Stellantis Ventures Award in 2023. It proudly stands as the first company globally to successfully implement sodium-ion technology in an electrified product.This investment aligns with Stellantis' commitment to delivering clean, secure, and affordable mobility solutions worldwide. Sodium-ion technology presents the potential for more economically efficient energy storage in comparison to the currently prevalent lithium-ion battery technology.\u201cExploring new options for more sustainable and affordable batteries that use widely available raw materials is a key part of our ambitions,\u201d said Stellantis Chief Engineering and Technology Officer, Ned Curic.Transitioning to electric propulsion is a central element of the Dare Forward 2030 strategic plan. This involves achieving a 100% sales mix of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for passenger cars in Europe and a 50% mix for passenger cars and light-duty trucks in the United States by 2030. To meet these targets, Stellantis is securing around 400 GWh of battery capacity. The company aims to achieve carbon neutrality, covering all scopes, by 2038, with single-digit percentage offset of remaining emissions.Shares of STLA are down 1.89% in mid-day trading on Friday.",
-        "output": "Stellantis, a Detroit-based automaker, has invested in Tiamat, a French battery manufacturer developing sodium-ion battery technology, to support its transition to electric propulsion and achieve carbon neutrality by 2038. Sodium-ion technology offers a more economical cost per kilowatt-hour and eliminates the need for lithium and cobalt, enhancing sustainability and material independence.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies.",
+        "output": "Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As urbanization continues to spread rapidly, the competition for space among urban, agricultural, and natural land uses is becoming increasingly fierce. The urgent question is how to harness the advantages of urbanization while mitigating its potentially harmful consequences. This research extends analytical framework of land sharing and sparing to urban land use and provides a comparable quantification approach to determine the comprehensive impact of urban services, food production, and ecosystem services. The results show that the overall value loss of the land sparing scenario is 23.6% lower than that of the sharing scenario on average, and the Eco-sparing scenario exhibits the smallest loss, which is only 55.4% of that under the Urb-sharing scenario. While land-sparing strategies mitigate the loss of local food production and ecosystem services, fostering a potentially mutually beneficial outcome, they also elevate the cost of accessing urban services. This creates a delicate trade-off between urban services and food production/ecosystem services, ultimately posing challenges in achieving an optimal win-win situation. The key contribution of this paper lies in extending the land sharing and sparing framework to urban areas, agricultural land, and ecosystems. It also introduces methods to quantitatively assess trade-offs among these land uses. This extended framework for land use offers insights into spatial competition due to urbanization and provides decision-making analysis tools for land use and planning.",
-        "output": "Sharing or sparing? The trade-offs among urban services, food production and ecosystem services",
+        "input": "AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the simulation teaching of congenital malformations.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis between an experimental group that received traditional teaching supplemented with 3D printing model demonstrations and hands-on model operation, and a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Various parameters, including classroom interest, classroom interaction, learning enthusiasm, disease awareness, teaching satisfaction, and independent operation confidence, were assessed, along with theoretical and practical tests.RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in theoretical test scores between the two groups (91.92\u00b115.04 vs. 89.44\u00b114.89), but the practical test revealed a significantly higher number of qualified trainees in the experimental group compared to the control group (23 vs. 8). In terms of classroom engagement, both groups exhibited similar levels of interest (8.08\u00b11.52 vs. 8.74\u00b10.984), classroom interaction (7.88\u00b11.97 vs. 8.7\u00b11.33), learning enthusiasm (8.81\u00b11.021 vs. 8.52\u00b11.189), and disease awareness (8.58\u00b10.99 vs. 8.58\u00b10.99). However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher teaching satisfaction (8.81\u00b11.06 vs. 9.19\u00b10.96) and greater operation confidence (7.67\u00b12.56 vs. 5.5\u00b12.79) than the control group.CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized to create surgical teaching models, enhancing the confidence of standardized training doctors and improving teaching outcomes.",
+        "output": "Feasibility and impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in simulated teaching of congenital malformations.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students.METHODS: We used repeated cross-sectional data of high school students from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey across 41 states from 1999 to 2019. Using a difference-in-differences approach with an event study design, we compared changes in past-year physical TDV in states that enacted TDV laws (n=21) compared to states with no required laws (n=20). Analyses accounted for clustering at the state-level and state and year-fixed effects. We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings.RESULTS: In our sample of 1,240,211 students, the prevalence of past-year physical TDV was 9.2% across all state-years. In 1999, the prevalence of TDV at the state-level ranged from 7.5 to 13.0%; in 2019, the prevalence ranged from 3.7 to 10.5%. There was no significant association between TDV laws and past-year physical TDV. Six or more waves after enactment, we observed a non-significant 1.7% percentage point reduction in TDV in states with TDV laws (95% CI: -3.6 to 0.3 percentage points; p=0.10).CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.",
-        "output": "State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study.",
+        "input": "The authors present results from a new research project focusing on the prehistory of the area surrounding a vast flint outcrop in Mongolia, called Tsakhiurtyn Hundi, in the borderland between the Gobi-Altai Mountains and Gobi Desert. They present the discovery of a cave and the results of its exploration, confirming its use by Pleistocene hunter-gatherers.",
+        "output": "Palaeolakes, caves and settlement during the Pleistocene and Holocene around Tsakhiurtyn Hundi, Mongolia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Embassy Office Parks REIT on Monday said it has raised Rs 500 crore through issue of debentures to refinance its existing debt.In a regulatory filing, the company informed that the Debenture Committee of the Board of Directors of the manager has approved the allotment of 50,000 non-convertible debentures (NCDs) with a face value of Rs 1 lakh on a private placement basis.On August 23, the company announced plans to raise Rs 1,000 crore through issue of NCDs in two tranches.The tenure of the NCDs is 60 months from the deemed date of allotment, with a coupon rate of 8.10 per cent per annum payable on a quarterly basis to the debenture holders.These NCDs are proposed to be listed on the Wholesale Debt Market Segment of the BSE Limited.Embassy Office Parks REIT has reported a 9 per cent increase in net operating income to Rs 737.6 crore for the first quarter of this fiscal year and declared a distribution of Rs 510 crore to the unitholders. Net operating income (NOI) stood at Rs 677.3 crore in the year-ago period.Revenue from operations increased 10 per cent to Rs 913.6 crore in the quarter from Rs 829.4 crore in the year-ago period.Embassy REIT is India's first publicly listed Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). It owns and operates a 45 million square feet portfolio of nine infrastructure-like office parks and four city centre office buildings in Bengaluru, Mumbai, Pune, and the National Capital Region (NCR).Its portfolio comprises 34.3 million square feet of completed operating area.",
-        "output": "Embassy Office Parks REIT raised Rs 500 crore through debentures to refinance existing debt, with a 60-month tenure and 8.10% coupon rate. The REIT reported a 9% increase in net operating income to Rs 737.6 crore in Q1 FY23, with a distribution of Rs 510 crore to unitholders.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this study we shed light on ongoing trends in contraceptive use in Flanders (Belgium). Building on the fundamental cause theory and social diffusion of innovation theory, we examine socio-economic gradients in contraceptive use and the relationship to health behaviours.METHODS: Using the unique and recently collected (2020) ISALA data, we used multinomial logistic regression to model the uptake of contraceptives and its association to educational level and health behaviour (N:4316 women).RESULTS: Higher educated women, and women with a healthy lifestyle especially, tend to use non-hormonal contraceptives or perceived lower-dosage hormonal contraceptives that are still trustworthy from a medical point of view. Moreover, we identified a potentially vulnerable group in terms of health as our results indicate that women who do not engage in preventive health behaviours are more likely to use no, or no modern, contraceptive method.DISCUSSION: The fact that higher educated women and women with a healthy lifestyle are less likely to use hormonal contraceptive methods is in line with patient empowerment, as women no longer necessarily follow recommendations by healthcare professionals, and there is a growing demand for naturalness in Western societies.CONCLUSION: The results of this study can therefore be used to inform policy makers and reproductive healthcare professionals, since up-to-date understanding of women's contraceptive choices is clearly needed in order to develop effective strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, and in which women can take control over their sexuality and fertility in a comfortable and pleasurable way.",
+        "output": "Relationship between classic indicators of health behaviour and contraceptive choices in women in Flanders.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 13 (IANS) India has requested the US to restore its status under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program which was scrapped by the former Donald Trump administration in 2019.The issue came up at the India-US Trade Policy Forum (TPF) meeting here co-chaired by Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal and US Trade Representative, Ambassador Katherine Tai.\u201cCommerce Minister Goyal reiterated India\u2019s interest in restoration of its beneficiary status under the Generalized System of Preferences program. Ambassador Tai noted that this could be considered, as warranted, in relation to the eligibility criteria determined by the US Congress,\u201d a joint statement issued on Friday night after the meeting said.India was the largest beneficiary of the GSP status in 2017, with $5.7 billion worth of goods being exported duty-free to the US.About 1,900 products such as engineering goods, chemicals and textiles were allowed to enter the US without an duty being levied on them.The Ministers also noted that the movement of professional and skilled workers, students, investors and business visitors between the countries contributes immensely to enhancing the bilateral economic and technological partnership.Minister Goyal highlighted challenges being faced by business visitors from India due to visa processing time periods and requested the United States to augment processing, the joint statement said.They also identified certain areas, including critical minerals, customs and trade facilitation, supply chains, and trade in high tech products, in which the US and India will develop an ambitious and forward looking roadmap for enhanced cooperation in order to achieve economically meaningful outcomes.The Ministers committed to pursue these efforts with a view to establish the foundation to launch future joint initiatives.They also emphasised their mutual interest in furthering public health discussions to ensure safe and effective medical products.India emphasised the need to increase the number of inspections by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in India to facilitate trade and continue to reduce the backlog.The US appreciated India\u2019s remarks, noting that the FDA has increased staffing to increase pharmaceutical inspections conducted by the agency.They two ministers also welcomed the strong momentum in India-US bilateral trade in goods and services, which continued to rise and likely surpassed $200 billion in calendar year 2023 despite a challenging global trade environment.They acknowledged that considering the size of their economies, significant potential remains unrealized and expressed their mutual desire to further enhance engagement with the goal of continuing to increase and diversify bilateral trade.The Ministers reiterated their commitment to ensure that technical regulations, such as Quality Control Orders, do not create unnecessary barriers to trade by providing sufficient opportunities for stakeholder consultations and ensuring that relevant domestic standards align with international standards to the extent feasible.The US welcomed India\u2019s efforts to modernize its patent system and registration processes across its IP offices, particularly through recently proposed amendments to the patent rules which aim towards streamlining compliance requirements and easing the process of patent filing and granting.--IANSpannu/ksk",
-        "output": "India has requested the US to restore its GSP status, which was revoked in 2019, during the India-US Trade Policy Forum meeting. The US noted that this could be considered, as warranted, in relation to the eligibility criteria determined by the US Congress.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Drawing on recently published correspondence as well as on a survey of Polish and international philosophical activity published in 1937 and details concerning the publisher and bookseller Aleksander Mazzucato, I provide evidence that, contrary to some recent assertions (but in line with older bibliographical entries), Tarski's 'Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen' was not published in journal form until 1936, although preprints, lacking two corrections and a small addendum, were likely available in the late months of 1935.",
+        "output": "On the Year of Publication of Tarski's 'Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen'",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between nursing students' disaster response self-efficacy and their disaster preparedness perceptions.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students after a major earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (n = 302). Data collection took place from June 2023 to October 2023, using the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) and Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale (DPPS). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: Nursing students' DRSES mean score was 63.35 \u00b1 10.83 (moderate level) and DPPS mean score was 3.41 \u00b1 0.50 (high level). A positive and moderate correlation was found between nursing students' DRSES and DPPS scores (r = 0.515; P = 0.000). Predictors affecting nursing students' disaster preparedness are disaster response self-efficacy score, being male, and making a family disaster plan.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the importance of increasing the disaster response self-efficacy needed by nursing students to successfully assist patients in disaster situations.",
-        "output": "Relationship Between Disaster Response Self-Efficacy and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing Students: After-Earthquake Study.",
+        "input": "We ask how environmental justice and urban ecology have influenced one another over the past 25 years in the context of the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program and Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) project. BES began after environmental justice emerged through activism and scholarship in the 1980s but spans a period of increasing awareness among ecologists and environmental practitioners. The work in Baltimore provides a detailed example of how ecological research has been affected by a growing understanding of environmental justice. The shift shows how unjust environmental outcomes emerge and are reinforced over time by systemic discrimination and exclusion. We do not comprehensively review the literature on environmental justice in urban ecology but do present four brief cases from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia, to illustrate the global relevance of the topic. The example cases demonstrate the necessity for continuous engagement with communities in addressing environmental problem solving.",
+        "output": "Forging just ecologies: 25 years of urban long-term ecological research collaboration",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article explores the response of the Spanish trade union Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) during the challenging period of economic crisis coinciding with Spain's transition to democracy and concurrent technological advancements. It reveals that the deliberations within the union went beyond mere economic demands and resistance to industrial changes, embodying a variety of viewpoints in line with broader institutional shifts in the country. The investigation subsequently turns towards a comprehensive analysis of the definitions and ideas expressed within CCOO, particularly during the period from 1978 to 1987. Drawing upon documents from Confederation Secretariat sessions and publications in the Union Gazette (Gaceta Sindical), this research uncovers the nuanced perspectives and considerations driving the union's stance amidst a backdrop of economic upheaval and technological transformations.",
-        "output": "Broadening contexts: Spanish trade unionism in the face of the economic crisis and technological change, 1970-1987. The case of Comisiones Obreras",
+        "input": "In this paper I defend the traditional anti-intellectualist claim that a form of knowing how to Phi (e.g., knowing how to play the guitar) exists that entails the ability to Phi (play the guitar), and that this knowledge cannot be reduced to propositions (such as 'S knows a way w to Phi', where w is a means of Phi ing). I also argue that S can know how to Phi in the absence of the ability to Phi, and for this knowledge to be likewise irreducible to propositions. This is made possible when one distinguishes between type and token actions. Moreover, I contend that type and token actions, and one's ability to engage in them, are differentiated at the level of motor representations. Motor representations provide an alternate means of grading knowledge how to that presented by Carlotta Pavese, insofar as this form of gradable knowledge is likewise irreducible to propositions.",
+        "output": "On the gradability of knowledge how, and its relationship to motor representations and ability",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "GANDHINAGAR - The Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit has marked a new era for GIFT City, as it becomes a focal point for financial services expansion and investment attraction. Today, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority commenced operations, becoming GIFT City's inaugural sovereign fund. This move is expected to boost the city's profile as a global financial hub.The summit also witnessed APEX Group announcing its intention to bolster the local workforce by hiring approximately 1000 individuals for fund administration roles over the next three years. Mizuho Bank has furthered GIFT City's international appeal by setting up a new IFSC unit to bring Japanese banking services to the region.In the realm of education and transportation, Deakin University inaugurated its campus, and Transworld Group disclosed its plans to venture into ship and aircraft leasing. The educational sector is set to further benefit as Accenture (NYSE:ACN) and The Education Centre of Australia have expressed interest in establishing their presence in GIFT City.Moreover, Stonex Group is gearing up for bullion trading activities, while ONGC (NS:ONGC) has introduced a finance company to the city's growing financial landscape.   Wipro  (NS:WIPR)  (NYSE:WIT) is seeking to enter B2B Tech-Fin operations,  State Bank of India  (NS:SBI) has relocated its headquarters, and  Life Insurance  Corporation (NS:LIFI) of India's tower is nearing operational readiness.In a significant policy development, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman proposed the establishment of a green credits trading platform within the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) at GIFT City. This proposal aligns with the broader vision to position GIFT City as a hub for climate finance.Additionally, the Union government is paving the way for Indian companies to directly list on IFSC exchanges, which is anticipated to open new avenues for capital and growth. This move is part of a larger plan announced by Finance Minister Sitharaman at GIFT City's \"An aspiration of modern India\" session. The plan aims to mitigate India's $10.1 trillion funding gap needed for its net zero ambition by 2070. The proposed IFSC platform where green credits are traded is expected to incentivize eco-friendly initiatives such as afforestation, renewable energy usage, and solid waste management among a network of over 2 million industry professionals.IFSCA Chairman K Rajaraman underscored these advancements by announcing the imminent launch of a single window IT system for regulatory approvals, set to go live in March 2024, streamlining processes and reinforcing GIFT City's strategic importance in the global financial ecosystem.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit has marked a new era for GIFT City, with the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority commencing operations as its inaugural sovereign fund, boosting its profile as a global financial hub. The summit also witnessed announcements from APEX Group, Mizuho Bank, Deakin University, Transworld Group, Stonex Group, ONGC, Wipro, State Bank of India, and Life Insurance Corporation of India, further bolstering the city's financial, educational, and transportation sectors.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Birch bark tar is the most widely documented adhesive in prehistoric Europe. More recent periods attest to a diversification in terms of the materials used as adhesives and their application. Some studies have shown that conifer resins and beeswax were added to produce compound adhesives. For the Iron Age, no comparative large-scale studies have been conducted to provide a wider perspective on adhesive technologies. To address this issue, we identify adhesive substances from the Iron Age in north-eastern France. We applied organic residue analysis to 65 samples from 16 archaeological sites. This included residues adhering to ceramics, from vessel surface coatings, repaired ceramics, vessel contents, and adhesive lumps. Our findings show that, even during the Iron Age in north-eastern France, birch bark tar is one of the best-preserved adhesive substances, used for at least 400 years. To a lesser extent, Pinaceae resin and beeswax were also identified. Through statistical analyses, we show that molecular composition differs in samples, correlating with adhesive function. This has implications for our understanding of birch bark tar production, processing and mode of use during the Iron Age in France and beyond.",
+        "output": "Differences in birch tar composition are explained by adhesive function in the central European Iron Age",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - In a contentious move that has drawn criticism from political figures, Woolworths and Aldi have decided not to stock Australia Day merchandise, resulting in a 4.47% drop in Woolworths' share value today. The decision comes amid a broader economic downturn and scrutiny over supermarket pricing practices. Coles, which continues to sell Australia Day items, also experienced a decline in shares by 5.03% today, suggesting that broader market trends may be influencing stock prices.The debate over the meaning of Australia Day has intensified, with figures like Craig Kelly and Peter Dutton voicing their disapproval of the supermarkets' decision to halt sales of related merchandise. Investors and consumers alike are closely monitoring the situation, as the debate over Australia Day continues to influence both public discourse and market dynamics.The market is watching to see how these developments will play out in the coming days, especially as the holiday approaches and discussions around it evolve.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Woolworths and Aldi's decision to halt sales of Australia Day merchandise has led to a 4.47% drop in Woolworths' share value, while Coles, which continues to sell the items, experienced a 5.03% decline, amidst a broader economic downturn and scrutiny over supermarket pricing practices. The debate over the meaning of Australia Day has intensified, with figures like Craig Kelly and Peter Dutton voicing their disapproval of the supermarkets' decision.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The diversity of human mortuary practices and treatments in prehistory is widely recognised, but our understanding of the purpose and manner of corpse manipulation in many regions is limited. This article reports on unusual aspects of funerary archaeology at the Neolithic site of Dingsishan, southern China. Anatomical consideration of cutmarks on human bones and the positioning of bodies and body parts within burials suggests that mortuary treatments at this site included strategic and systematic disarticulation, evisceration and excarnation. Rather than signalling social differences, these practices may have resulted from the very practical need to save space.",
+        "output": "Disarticulation, evisceration and excarnation: Neolithic mortuary practices at Dingsishan, southern China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Private equity (PE) major TPG-backed RR Kabel has set the price band for its initial public offering (IPO) at Rs 983 to Rs 1,035 per share.At the upper end, the issue size works out to Rs 1,964 crore, making it the second-largest IPO of the year after Mankind Pharma.The fresh issue component of the IPO is only Rs 180 crore, and the remaining is a secondary share sale by promoters and TPG. The US-based PE firm is selling shares worth Rs 1,335 crore and stands to make nearly four times the return on its investment.RR Kabel is the country's fifth-largest manufacturer of wires and cables, with a 7 per cent market share (by value as of March 2023). The company is also involved in the manufacturing of fans, lighting, switches, and appliances.RR Kabel's revenue from operations and profit for FY23 stood at around Rs 5,600 crore and Rs 190 crore, respectively. The company will be valued at Rs 11,676 crore at the top-end of the price band.The initial public offering (IPO) of Jupiter Life Line Hospitals, a multi-specialty healthcare provider, garnered 64 times subscription on Friday. The qualified institutional buyer portion was subscribed 187.32 times, non-institutional investor portion nearly 35 times, and the retail portion 7.73 times. The price band for the issue is Rs 695-735 per share. At the top end, Jupiter\u2019s market cap works out to Rs 4,819 crore. Currently, the company operates three hospitals with a capacity of nearly 1,200 beds.Jupiter is in the process of setting up a fourth multi-specialty hospital in Mumbai\u2019s Dombivli. Jupiter will issue new shares worth Rs 542 crore in the IPO, which will be used to pare its debt. The IPO also consisted of a secondary share sale of Rs 327 crore .",
-        "output": "RR Kabel, backed by TPG, has set its IPO price band at Rs 983-1,035 per share, aiming to raise Rs 1,964 crore, making it the second-largest IPO of the year. Jupiter Life Line Hospitals' IPO was subscribed 64 times, with a market cap of Rs 4,819 crore at the top end.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Groundbreaking biomedical research has transformed renal transplantation (RT) into a widespread clinical procedure that represents the mainstay of treatment for end-stage kidney failure today. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on the last half-century of innovation in clinical RT.METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection was used for a comprehensive screening yielding 123303 research items during a 50-y period (January 1973-October 2022). The final data set of the 200 most-cited articles was selected on the basis of a citation-based strategy aiming to minimize bias.RESULTS: Studies on clinical and immunological outcomes (n\u2005=\u200563 and 48), registry-based epi research (n\u2005=\u200538), and randomized controlled trials (n\u2005=\u200535) dominated the data set. Lead US authors have signed 110 of 200 articles. The overall level of evidence was high, with 84% of level1 and -2 reports. Highest numbers of these articles were published in New England Journal of Medicine , Transplantation , and American Journal of Transplantation. Increasing trend was observed in the number of female authors in the postmillennial era (26% versus 7%).CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights important trends in RT research of the past half-century. This bibliometric perspective identifies the most intensively researched areas and shift of research interests over time; however, it also describes important imbalances in distribution of academic prolificacy based on topic, geographical aspects, and gender.",
+        "output": "Clinical Research in Renal Transplantation: A Bibliometric Perspective on a Half-century of Innovation and Progress.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Until the 17th century, the Dutch coastal region of Zeeland ranked among Europe's most urbanized areas, driven by thriving international trade networks. People living in this time of flourishing economy benefitted enormously from it in terms of employment opportunities and working conditions, which were reportedly better than in the rest of the Low Countries. However, the rapid growth of Zeeland's urban centers likely presented increasing challenges for the population in terms of accessing essential resources, including food, clean water, and housing. In the 19th century, Zeeland's economy ultimately faced a significant downturn due to the decline in the maritime trade, leading to a substantial reduction in its urban population. Examining patterns of urbanization and economic histories that differ from the commonly studied thriving industrial contexts in bioarcheological research, as exemplified by Zeeland, is a crucial yet relatively underexplored facet in our efforts to understanding the human past. To address this gap, this study investigates the impact of urbanization on the health of Zeeland's inhabitants over time by analyzing nonspecific stress markers (i.e., cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia) and chronic maxillary sinusitis in a sample of 246 individuals from three urban sites dating from 1030 to 1800 CE. Our analysis of skeletal remains reveals significant differences in the prevalence of porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis between the medieval and post-medieval periods. These findings suggest that de-urbanization and economic decline adversely affected the health and well-being of the populations under study, influenced by factors such as working conditions and food availability. This study provides a new perspective on bioarcheological approaches to urbanization, shedding light on the intricate realities of urbanization in Zeeland and offering important insights into its complexities.",
-        "output": "The urban sea: Cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis in three diachronic urban sites from the Dutch province of Zeeland (1030-1800 CE)",
+        "input": "Democracy is increasingly being challenged, by disengagement and by anti-pluralist movements (Levitsky and Ziblatt in How Democracies Die: What History Reveals About Our Future, Viking, New York, 2018; Wikforss in D & auml;rf & ouml;r demokrati. Om kunskapen och folkstyret [Because of this, democracy. On knowledge and people's rule] Fri Tanke, 2021; Svolik et al. in J Democr 34(1):5-20, 2023). This article draws upon a theoretical discussion about democracy, pluralism, and threats to democracy. Departing from Dewey, Laclau, Mouffe, Young and Allen, we address democracy as an ideology that centers around pluralism, or an ever-increasing inclusion of voices from the margins as its goal. We argue that perceiving democracy pedagogically as a pluralistic ideology would support students' democratic citizenship and equip them for a world where threats to democracy are being reported. Employing a case study on Finnish social studies textbooks, we analyze how democracy as well as threats to democracy are discursively portrayed. Our study shows that the textbooks present democracy as predominantly institutional and static. We also find that while disengagement is portrayed as a problem for democracy, anti-pluralist movements are generally not referred to as a threat. Additionally, we examine a discourse in the textbooks that connects freedom of speech with democracy in a way that favors a multitude of opinions, even antidemocratic ones, over creating space for marginalized voices. Drawing on the theoretical discussion and the results of the analysis, we argue that a focus on pluralism as the core of democracy makes the opposition between restricting hate speech and advocating for democracy redundant.",
+        "output": "Addressing Democracy and Its Threats in Education: Exploring a Pluralist Perspective in Light of Finnish Social Studies Textbooks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - Minda Corporation has sold a significant portion of its holdings in Pricol Ltd, resulting in its stake being reduced from 15.70% to just 0.63%. The transaction took place today on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and involved several block deals. Notable buyers included major investment firms such as Goldman Sachs (NYSE:GS) Fund, Aditya Birla Sun Life Trustee, ICICI Prudential MF, and Fidelity India Fund.The shares were sold at an average price of Rs 343.50 each. Following the sale, Pricol's stock experienced a surge in value, closing at Rs 367.05 ($1 = \u20b983.17) on the NSE, which is nearly a 3% increase from the selling price. This stake sale marks a significant change in the shareholding pattern of Pricol Ltd, with a diverse set of institutional investors now holding the shares previously owned by Minda Corporation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Minda Corporation sold a significant portion of its holdings in Pricol Ltd, reducing its stake from 15.70% to 0.63% through block deals on the NSE, with major investment firms like Goldman Sachs Fund and ICICI Prudential MF emerging as notable buyers. The sale, executed at an average price of Rs 343.50 per share, led to a surge in Pricol's stock value, closing at Rs 367.05 on the NSE, marking a significant change in the shareholding pattern of Pricol Ltd.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The Chloranthaceae comprise four extant genera (Hedyosmum, Ascarina, Chloranthus and Sarcandra), all with simple flowers. Molecular phylogenetics indicates that the Chloranthaceae diverged very early in angiosperm evolution, although how they are related to eudicots, magnoliids, monocots and Ceratophyllum is uncertain. Fossil pollen similar to that of Ascarina and Hedyosmum has long been recognized in the Early Cretaceous, but over the last four decades evidence of extinct Chloranthaceae based on other types of fossils has expanded dramatically and contributes significantly to understanding the evolution of the family.SCOPE: Studies of fossils from the Cretaceous, especially mesofossils of Early Cretaceous age from Portugal and eastern North America, recognized diverse flowers, fruits, seeds, staminate inflorescences and stamens of extinct chloranthoids. These early chloranthoids include forms related to extant Hedyosmum and also to the Ascarina, Chloranthus and Sarcandra clade. In the Late Cretaceous there are several occurrences of distinctive fossil androecia related to extant Chloranthus. The rich and still expanding Cretaceous record of Chloranthaceae contrasts with a very sparse Cenozoic record, emphasizing that the four extant genera are likely to be relictual, although speciation within the genera might have occurred in relatively recent times. In this study, we describe three new genera of Early Cretaceous chloranthoids and summarize current knowledge on the extinct diversity of the group.CONCLUSIONS: The evolutionary lineage that includes extant Chloranthaceae is diverse and abundantly represented in Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras that provide some of the earliest evidence of angiosperm reproductive structures. Extinct chloranthoids, some of which are clearly in the Chloranthaceae crown group, fill some of the morphological gaps that currently separate the extant genera, help to illuminate how some of the unusual features of extant Chloranthaceae evolved and suggest that Chloranthaceae are of disproportionate importance for a more refined understanding of ecology and phylogeny of early angiosperm diversification.",
+        "output": "Cretaceous chloranthoids: early prominence, extinct diversity and missing links.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the processes involved in the construction of the perception of a cross-border sustainable tourism destination image in peripheral regions. The research presented was conducted using an empirical approach that merges qualitative and quantitative techniques. The main results of this study include the identification of the key components that contribute to the formation of the image of a sustainable cross-border tourist destination in the region encompassing Alcoutim (Portugal) and Sanlucar de Guadiana (Spain).",
-        "output": "Cross-border destination image for sustainable tourism development in peripheral areas",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: District Residency Programme (DRP) was introduced by National Medical Commission as mandatory three-months training program for postgraduate residents. The program was for the first time implemented in April 2023 in Rajasthan. However, it ran into several teething problems, especially for residents. With a lack of any precedence, this study was planned to explore experiences and challenges of residents posted in DRP.METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 DRP sites attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur between August-October 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from residents who had completed DRP. Questions were scored on a five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to show association.RESULTS: Only around 17% residents felt that the learning objectives of DRP were fulfilled and nearly 60% residents felt isolated from academic activities and parent department. Over half of the residents were never posted with their concerned specialty services. Around four-fifth residents felt concerned about safety at least sometimes and more than three-fourth residents were dissatisfied with basic amenities. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests showed significant association of gender and specialisation strata with multiple outcome variables.CONCLUSION: The study finds high degree of dissatisfaction among residents towards learning objectives, academic learning, and basic amenities during DRP. There was also a clear lack of specialty-exposure and high concerns of safety, especially for female residents. The study findings should alarm and inform policymakers and administrators to improve DRP implementation so as to better achieve laid objectives.",
+        "output": "Early evidence of implementation of District Residency Programme: experiences and challenges of residents in Rajasthan, India.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Domestic retail brokerage industry\u2019s revenue could more than double over the next five years, estimates consultancy firm Bain & Company. \u201cThis growth has been fueled by the emergence of India\u2019s mass-affluent and affluent segments, coupled with increasing financial literacy. The number of demat accounts has tripled since FY19, reaching an impressive tally of 115 million in FY23, thanks to the heightened interest sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic,\u201d said Bain & Co in a note.Indian retail brokerage industry\u2019s revenues have already doubled Rs 14,000 crore in FY19 to Rs 27,000 crore last fiscal\u2014an annualised growth of 17 per cent.\u201cThe COVID-19 pandemic served as a turning point for retail participation in capital markets, with digital-first players revolutionising the industry. However, the industry\u2019s average revenue per user (ARPU) decreased from around Rs 6,000 in FY19 to Rs 5,000 in FY23,\u201d added the report.Bain & Co highlights that the industry has also managed to penetrate beyond the top cities.\u201cGreater financial literacy, frictionless customer onboarding and proliferating user-friendly digital platforms have led to a substantial jump in the number of young investors, accounting 70\u201380 per cent of active clientele of digital/discount brokers within the 18-30 years age group. Similarly, 70\u201375 per cent of newly acquired customers for bank brokers are also below the age of 30, albeit with lower activation rates,\u201d the note observed.Going ahead, Bain & Co expects industry players to shift their focus away from pricing.\u201cLooking ahead, the battle in the retail brokerage industry is expected to shift from price wars to value proposition-led growth in market share and profitability. Developing targeted digital marketing capability will be the key differentiator as efficiency of performance marketing will drive the cost effectiveness of acquiring and engaging new clients. Identifying and accessing high ARPU prospects can be a hurdle, but bank brokers will have an upper hand in this as they can leverage their parent bank and have easy access to high value customers,\u201d said Misha Pratap, Partner and leading member of the Financial Services (FS) practice, Bain & Company.",
-        "output": "India's retail brokerage industry revenue is projected to double in the next five years, driven by the growth of affluent segments, increased financial literacy, and the surge in demat accounts to 115 million in FY23. The industry's ARPU has declined from Rs 6,000 in FY19 to Rs 5,000 in FY23 due to the rise of digital-first players.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This article introduces a novel approach called Digital Weighted Multi Criteria Decision Making (DWMCDM) that employs interval valued fuzzy sets to select the best contractor for building projects. The contractor is chosen based on the pre-qualification and bid evaluation phases. In the first phase, the distance between the actual and required skills of the significant criteria is determined, and it is then converted into digital weighted distances to identify the maximum number of criteria related to the specific project of each contractor. The second step ranks the best contractor based on the bid price and digital weighted distances.RESULTS: The suggested technique integrates the pre-qualification and bid review phases to address project award delays and other restrictions. Finally, a real-world application is addressed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to any type of interval valued fuzzy inputs.",
+        "output": "A new multi-criteria decision making method for the selection of construction contractors using interval valued fuzzy set.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has heightened its oversight of Boeing (NYSE:BA)'s production practices following an incident with an Alaska Airlines 737-9 Max jet, where a door plug detached during flight. This move marks a shift from the prior self-regulated approach that Boeing had been allowed to maintain.The recent emergency has not only spurred increased regulatory scrutiny but has also led to a class action lawsuit filed by passengers. Concerns have been amplified in light of Boeing's history, particularly after two fatal 737 Max crashes in the past few years that resulted in 346 deaths. These events have brought Boeing's commitment to safety standards into question.Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun publicly recognized the company's production challenges. In response to the latest incident, Boeing has initiated inspections across its production line, uncovering further issues, including loose bolts.The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is actively investigating the circumstances that led to the emergency landing of the Alaska Airlines flight. Meanwhile, there are growing calls for the appointment of an independent industry monitor to oversee Boeing's adherence to stringent safety protocols, ensuring such incidents do not recur.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Following an incident involving a detached door plug on an Alaska Airlines 737-9 Max jet, the FAA has increased oversight of Boeing's production practices, leading to inspections that have uncovered loose bolts and prompted a class action lawsuit due to concerns about Boeing's safety standards after two fatal 737 Max crashes in recent years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Among the 30 countries with a high burden of TB, China ranks third in the estimated number of TB cases. China is in the top four of 75 countries with a deficit in funding for TB strategic plans. To reduce costs and improve the effectiveness of TB treatment in China, the NHSA developed an innovative BP method. This study aimed to simulate the effects of this payment approach on different stakeholders, reduce the economic burden on TB patients, improve the quality of medical services, facilitate policy optimization, and offer a model for health care payment reforms that can be referenced by other regions throughout the world.METHODS: We developed a simulation model based on a decision tree analysis to project the expected effects of the payment method on the potential financial impacts on different stakeholders. Our analysis mainly focused on comparing changes in health care costs before and after receiving BPs for TB patients with Medicare in the pilot areas. The data that were used for the analysis included the TB service claim records for 2019-2021 from the health insurance agency, TB prevalence data from the local Centre for Disease Control, and health care facilities' revenue and expenditure data from the Statistic Yearbook. A Monte Carlo randomized simulation model was used to estimate the results.RESULTS: After adopting the innovative BP method, for each TB patient per year, the total annual expenditure was estimated to decrease from $2,523.28 to $2,088.89, which is a reduction of $434.39 (17.22%). The TB patient out-of-pocket expenditure was expected to decrease from $1,249.02 to $1,034.00, which is a reduction of $215.02 (17.22%). The health care provider's revenue decreased from $2,523.28 to $2,308.26, but the health care provider/institution's revenue-expenditure ratio increased from -6.09% to 9.50%.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of BPs to improve medical outcomes and control the costs associated with TB treatment. It demonstrates its feasibility and advantages in enhancing the coordination and sustainability of medical services, thus offering valuable insights for global health care payment reform.",
+        "output": "Impact of an innovative bundled payment to TB health care providers in China: an economic simulation analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The parameter-free part PA2 & lowast;\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*$$\\end{document} of PA2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2$$\\end{document}, second order Peano arithmetic, is considered. We make use of a product/iterated Sacks forcing to define an omega\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}-model of PA2 & lowast;+CA(Sigma 21)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*+ \\textbf{CA}(\\Sigma <^>1_2)$$\\end{document}, in which an example of the full Comprehension schema CA\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{CA}$$\\end{document} fails. Using Cohen's forcing, we also define an omega\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}-model of PA2 & lowast;\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*$$\\end{document}, in which not every set has its complement, and hence the full CA\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{CA}$$\\end{document} fails in a rather elementary way.",
-        "output": "Parameterfree Comprehension Does Not Imply Full Comprehension in Second Order Peano Arithmetic",
+        "input": "Colorizing thermal infrared images poses a significant challenge as current methods struggle with issues such as unrealistic color saturation and limited texture. To address these challenges, we propose the Feature Refinement and Adaptive Generative Adversarial Network (FRAGAN). Our approach enhances the detailed, semantic, and contextual capabilities of image coloring by combining multi -level interactions that integrate the lost detailed information from the encoding stage with the semantic information from the decoding stage. Additionally, we introduce the Residual Feature Refinement Module (RFRM) to improve both the accuracy and generalization ability of the model, thereby elevating the quality of colorization results. The Feature Adaptation Module (FAM) is employed to mitigate sub -region information loss during downsampling. Furthermore, we introduce the Trinity Attention Module (TAM) to accurately capture the spatial and channel -wise interaction features of local semantic information. Extensive experimentation on the KAIST dataset and the FLIR dataset demonstrates the superiority of our proposed FRAGAN methodology, surpassing both the performance metrics and visual quality of current state-of-the-art methods. The colorized images generated by our proposed FRAGAN exhibit enhanced clarity and realism. Our code and models are available at GitHub.",
+        "output": "A feature refinement and adaptive generative adversarial network for thermal infrared image colorization",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TOKYO - Panasonic (OTC:PCRFY) is gearing up to significantly expand its electric vehicle (EV) battery production capabilities with an ambitious target to increase output fourfold by the year 2030. The Japanese electronics giant is focusing on enhancing its 2170 battery cells, which are utilized in Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA)'s Model 3 and Model Y vehicles. These improvements are aimed at offering higher energy density, a move that could potentially reduce the costs of electric vehicles.The company's expansion plans are already in motion with construction of a new factory in De Soto, Kansas. This facility is expected to start with an initial production capacity of 30 gigawatt hours per year. The expansion strategy also includes a facility in Oklahoma, which was announced in April 2023. The Oklahoma plant will be dedicated to manufacturing the larger format 4680 cells, a strategic step in bolstering Panasonic's growth in the North American market.Panasonic's expansion efforts are not just about scaling up production but also about innovation and efficiency. The increased energy density of its batteries could be a game-changer for the EV industry by making electric cars more affordable and accessible to a broader range of consumers.The company is also poised to benefit from financial incentives provided by the U.S. government. Operational profit gains are anticipated as a result of subsidies from the Inflation Reduction Act, which aims to encourage companies to invest in clean energy technologies and production within the United States.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Panasonic plans to quadruple its EV battery production by 2030, focusing on enhancing 2170 cells for higher energy density and cost reduction, with new factories in Kansas and Oklahoma to support the expansion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The promotion of the latest medicines produced by the pharmaceutical industry is an important issue both from an ethical point of view (the level of accessibility, the way research is carried out) and from the point of view of marketing and especially from the lobbying issues raised.AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: The ethical dilemmas raised by the promotion of new drugs revolve between the need to discover new molecules important for treating a wide range of diseases and the need to establish a battery of ethical rules, absolutely necessary for regulations in the field to be compliant with all ethical principles.DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-2023) using combinations of keywords, including drugs, medical publicity, and pharma marketing plus ethical dilemma.ETHICS AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: The promotion of medicines is governed by advertising laws and regulations in many countries, including at EU level, based on the need for countries to ensure that the promotion and advertising of medicines is truthful, based on information understood by consumers. The ethical analysis of the issues raised is more necessary and complex as the channels used for promotion are more accessible to the population, and the information, easier to obtain, can be the cause of increased self-medication and overeating. Large amounts of money invested in the development of new molecules, but also the risk of scientific fraud through manipulation of data during clinical trials, selective or biased publication of information can have repercussions on the health of the population.CONCLUSIONS: The development of new pharmaceutical molecules is necessary to intervene and treat as many conditions as possible, but marketing must not neglect the observance of ethical principles. The promotion of medicines should be the attribute especially of the medical staff, which should also be a mandatory part of the mechanism for approving the marketing methods and means used by the pharmaceutical companies.",
+        "output": "Drug Promotions Between Ethics, Regulations, and Financial Interests.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MoffettNathanson upgraded shares of Paramount Global (PARA) to Neutral from Sell with a new price target of $13, up from $10 per share on Tuesday. Analysts said in a note covering media stocks that consensus seems certain that the assets of at least two of Warner Bros, Discovery, or Paramount will emerge out of 2024 hitched together in one way or another.\"Speculation as to who's courting whom kicked off, of course, with the pre-Christmas meeting between Paramount CEO Bob Bakish and Warner Bros. Discovery CEO David Zaslav to discuss a potential merger,\" the analysts noted.\"What form these three companies come to hold on the other side of this process is anyone's guess, but by diving into the components of each combination, we can start to assess who has what to gain, and from there, the likelihood of the different roads ahead,\" they added.For PARA, the analysts said the stock has not traded fully on fundamentals for some time, and \"those fundamentals remain bleak.\" However, the firm believes that if \"the company is finally serious about pursuing either a full or partial sale of itself or its assets, one might be able to justify its current price on a sum-of-the-parts basis (even though we remain skeptical to underwrite this valuation).\"",
-        "output": "MoffettNathanson upgraded Paramount Global (PARA) to Neutral from Sell, citing potential merger speculation with Warner Bros. Discovery and a sum-of-the-parts valuation that could justify its current price.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: Nursing students increasingly report being stressed. As a potential treatment, students are using marijuana, according to nursing schools. Currently, there is no standardized guideline for the use of marijuana or marijuana testing for nursing students. This article discusses several concerns about clinical nursing students' use of marijuana for stress and anxiety relief.",
+        "output": "Nursing student stress and marijuana use.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Copenhagen burnout inventory-student survey (CBI-SS) has shown promising psychometric properties in diverse student populations. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Nigerian version of the CBI-SS. This was a cross-sectional study of 635 students from Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to assess the CBI-SS validity. The reliability score of the CBI-SS was 0.957, ranging from 0.862 to 0.914 for the subscales. Correlation coefficients among the four CBI-SS factors ranged from 0.507 to 0.713. The CFA indicated an adequate goodness-of-fit for the four-factor model of the CBI-SS with the sample data. However, Item 10 was removed due to unacceptably low Average Variance Extracted score. The four factors demonstrated a negative correlation with both General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Cumulative Grade Point Average. Furthermore, both self-reported burnout and perceived course stress showed associations with the CBI-SS, where lower levels of burnout corresponded with lower median scores on the CBI-SS scales. This study underscores the significance of the CBI-SS in evaluating student burnout within our student population. The findings indicate that the CBI-SS is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing student burnout, suggesting its potential for effective utilization in the Nigerian academic context.",
-        "output": "Evaluating the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (CBI-SS) among faculty of arts students of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.",
+        "input": "The public will rightly not value a science that is more concerned with demographic population matching than with ideas. Taking further steps in the direction of identity politics will reduce public confidence in psychology's conclusions and reduce trust and respect. If psychology embraces demographic quotas, there will be self-selection out of the discipline, and that self-selection will harm our science.",
+        "output": "Toward a Psychology of Ideas Rather Than Demographics: Commentary on Hommel (2024)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "High incidences of congenital syphilis have been reported in areas along the Pacific coast of Colombia. In this retrospective study, conducted during 2018-2022 at a public hospital in Buenaventura, Colombia, we analyzed data from 3,378 pregnant women. The opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 53.1% of mothers because of the lack of syphilis screening. Characteristics of higher maternal social vulnerability and late access to prenatal care decreased the probability of having >1 syphilis screening test, thereby increasing the probability of having newborns with congenital syphilis. In addition, the opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 41.5% of patients with syphilis because of the lack of treatment, which also increased the probability of having newborns with congenital syphilis. We demonstrate the urgent need to improve screening and treatment capabilities for maternal syphilis, particularly among pregnant women who are more socially vulnerable.",
-        "output": "Congenital Syphilis Prevention Challenges, Pacific Coast of Colombia, 2018-2022.",
+        "input": "The tragic fire of Notre -Dame Cathedral in Paris on April 15th 2019 has provided researchers with a wide variety of materials to study. The condition of the framework remains does not allow any reuse, which creates an unprecedented opportunity to study the charred pieces of the frame: about 10,0 0 0 for the highest estimates. But upstream from the wooden items study, an inventory is required to establish methods that are consistent with the potential of the charred remains of the cathedral's framework. The purpose of this article is therefore to present the problems raised, the methods applied, the potential of the remains of the n-dame's frame - so called the forest - and the first results. (c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Naming, relocating and dating the woods of Notre-Dame forest, first results based on collated data and archaeological surveys of the remains",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - BlackRock Inc (NYSE:BLK), the world's largest asset manager, reported a robust fourth quarter for the fiscal year 2023, with revenues reaching $4.631 billion. The company also announced a significant acquisition of Global Infrastructure Partners, which is expected to strengthen its infrastructure asset offerings and contribute to its already substantial assets under management (AUM), now surpassing $10 trillion.In addition to the revenue figures, BlackRock revealed impressive net inflows of $96 billion during the fourth quarter, contributing to a total of $289 billion for the full year. This performance underlines the firm's continued ability to attract investment capital amid a challenging economic landscape.Shareholders have a reason to celebrate as BlackRock declared an increase in its dividend per share to $5.10, which will be payable in March 2024. This move signals confidence in the company's financial health and its commitment to delivering value to its investors.On the operational side, BlackRock experienced an uptick in adjusted operating income, reflecting efficient management and a strong business model.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "BlackRock Inc., the world's largest asset manager, reported a robust fourth quarter with revenues of $4.631 billion and net inflows of $96 billion, contributing to a total of $289 billion for the full year. The company also announced a significant acquisition of Global Infrastructure Partners, strengthening its infrastructure asset offerings and surpassing $10 trillion in assets under management.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This work provides an overview of the pigments used by Portuguese azulejo painters through the study of 34 glazed tiles belonging to the National Azulejo Museum in Lisbon, Portugal. The tiles are dated from the late 16th century to the early 19th century, with most samples attributed to the 17th and 18th centuries. Building on a previous study where the chemical composition of the 17th -century colour palette was characterised [1] , we used a non-invasive methodology to further identify compositional differences among groups of colours spanning a wider timeframe. Blue, white, yellow, orange, purple, green and brown decorations were analysed by EDXRF to obtain qualitative and (in some samples) quantitative information on their chemical composition. mu-Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the main colouring agents. Finally, colorimetric measurements of the different hues of each colour were performed to address the relation between colour and chemical composition. Our results show that greens could be obtained through a copper -based pigment or by mixing lead-antimonate with cobalt -blue pigment. Although cobalt is the colouring agent of all blue decorations, compositional differences suggest the use of different types of raw materials or the addition of specific reagents to modify the hue. On the other hand, yellow hues ranging from lemon yellow to orange were manufactured by adding zinc, tin, or iron oxide to a lead antimonate base. Finally, a manganese ore was used to make the purple pigment. Overall, we noted that while the basic pigments remained the same, the colour palette was progressively widened during the 18th century. This was done by using more pure pigments (i.e., with less iron), by changing the ratio in pigment mixtures (i.e., blue and yellow), or by overlapping colour layers for artistic effects. Finally, the results of the chemical and colorimetric analyses are always influenced by the concentration of the pigment in the glaze, its thickness and the overlapping of pigments used by azulejo painters to expand the shades available for the final artistic composition. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "The colour palette of 16th-18th century azulejos: A multi-analytical non-invasive study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Domestic equity markets have become a huge draw for speculators with the derivatives market clocking nearly 400 times the volume of the underlying cash market.In a note titled \u2018Gamification of Indian Equities\u2019 by Axis Mutual Fund\u2019s chief investment officer Ashish Gupta has highlighted several data points, which throws the spotlight on excessive speculative activity.The note underscores that the number of active derivatives traders in the domestic markets have jumped 8 times to 4 million from less than half a million in 2019.In comparison, in the cash market, the number has swelled from 3 million to 11 million",
-        "output": "Indian equity markets have witnessed a surge in speculative activity, with the derivatives market volume reaching 400 times that of the cash market, driven by an eight-fold increase in active derivatives traders to 4 million since 2019.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Barrier islands span 10% of the world's coastlines and dominate along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts in the USA routinely exposed to storm surge. These islands serve as buffers between the open coast and the mainland, and protect the mainland from storm damage. During storms, significant morphological change can occur, including substantial erosion of the islands' vegetated dunes. In this study, the focus is on the influence of belowground biomass - namely dune plant roots - and dune topographic characteristics on barrier-island erosion during storms. The numerical model XBeach was employed to simulate storm-induced sediment transport. A parameter study was conducted by varying distance from the shoreline to the dune, dune shape, sediment grain size, and sediment mobility as an analogue for biomass. The influence of individual parameters and the collective impact of parameters were analyzed. The results help improve our knowledge of barrier island dynamics and lay a solid groundwork for future investigations.",
+        "output": "Influence of Belowground Biomass on Barrier-Island Evolution During Storms: A Computational Parameter Study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DAVOS - Amid rising geopolitical tensions, JPMorgan (NYSE:JPM) disclosed today at the World Economic Forum in Davos that it faces a staggering 45 billion hacking attempts on a daily basis. This revelation underscores the escalating cybersecurity challenges confronting global financial institutions.In response to the pervasive threat, JPMorgan is channeling a significant $15 billion each year into technology advancements, with the aim of bolstering its defenses against these relentless cyber-attacks. The bank's commitment to cybersecurity is further evidenced by its employment of a robust team of 62,000 technologists, dedicated to safeguarding the institution's digital infrastructure.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Amidst geopolitical tensions, JPMorgan faces 45 billion hacking attempts daily, prompting a $15 billion annual investment in cybersecurity and a team of 62,000 technologists to protect its digital infrastructure.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper presents the results of a pilot study that combines findings from satellite remote sensing analyses and an intensive interdisciplinary survey conducted in November 2021 on kurgans along the Kurekcay Valley, in western Azerbaijan. Through the integration of various methods, including historical and contemporary satellite and aerial imagery analysis, topographic mapping and geophysical prospections, this research remotely maps and quantifies the density, size, morphology and distribution of the burial mounds in the area. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on individual burial mounds, this investigation adopts a broader approach by contextualizing the kurgans within their respective landscapes. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical and symbolic aspects and relationships of these structures, providing valuable insights into the enduring burial practices that shaped the funerary traditions of the Southern Caucasus during the 4th and 1st millennium BCE. Furthermore, this approach supports an assessment of the condition of the individual kurgans, thereby opening new perspectives to develop innovative plans to protect these burial mounds and their settings.",
+        "output": "Kurgan Phenomenon in the Southern Caucasus: Results of an Interdisciplinary Multi-Method Remote Sensing Survey Along the Kurek\u00e7ay Valley (Goranboy Province, Western Azerbaijan)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Citi Research analysts are predicting their Top Pick, BYD (SZ:002594) will see higher ratings in the near term.\u201c..as the market consolidates into 2025, we expect BYD\u2019s margin trend to recover on its scale advantages in battery and ADAS.\u201d Wrote analysts in a note.Citi added, \u201cBYD will also launch L3 ADAS technology next week which we believe will trigger some positive NT catalysts.\u201dCiti revised their forecasts for NP/car for the years 2023-2025 to Rmb10.2k, Rmb9.1k, and Rmb10.3k, respectively. This adjustment is influenced by heightened competition, resulting in BEV GPM maintaining levels of 17-18%, and PHEV GPM hovering around 22%.Despite this, analysts expect the NP/car for 2024 to remain robust, supported by export sales, high-end vehicle Net Profit Margins at 10-11%, and a battery cost saving of Rmb14.6 billion in 2024, assuming a gradual decline in NEV battery cell ASP to Rmb0.3-0.35 per Wh.In the fourth quarter of 2023, Citi anticipates NP/car to be in the range of Rmb10.2-10.8k, factoring in an additional Rmb1.9 billion subsidy to dealers (Rmb666 per vehicle for the full year). However, due to the impact of the low season in the first quarter of 2024, NP/car to potentially decrease to below Rmb7.6k, with a total 1Q24 wholesale volume projected at around 638k units (16% YoY but -32% QoQ).BYD plans to export 400,000 electric vehicles in 2024. Among them, 315,000 will be high-end models (Denza, Fangchengbao, Yangwang), and 2.96 million units will be mass-market products.The expected distribution of PHEV volumes for 2024/25 is projected to improve to 57%/59%, up from 48% in 2023.",
-        "output": "Citi Research predicts higher ratings for BYD (SZ:002594) due to its scale advantages in battery and ADAS, with revised NP/car forecasts of Rmb10.2k, Rmb9.1k, and Rmb10.3k for 2023-2025, respectively. BYD plans to export 400,000 electric vehicles in 2024, including 315,000 high-end models.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Straw returning can enhance crop yield, promote soil organic carbon sequestration, and support sustainable crop production. However, straw management techniques, such as straw mulching (SR-M) and straw incorporation (SR-I), can significantly elevate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 217 studies to explore the effects of different straw management approaches on mitigating GHG emissions in agricultural settings. The analysis reveals that SR-I (129.39 %) had a more pronounced impact on CH4 emissions than SR-M (14.86 %), but SR-M (18.47 %) had a more significant impact on N2O emissions than SR-I (7.76 %). Notably, SR-I had a greater impact on soil carbon content than SR-M. The effect of straw returning on CH4 and N2O emissions varied under different climatic conditions, management practices, and initial soil properties. Specifically, under conditions characterized by a mean annual temperature (MAT) <= 14 degrees C, mean annual precipitation (MAP) > 800 mm, initial soil organic carbon (SOCi) <= 14 g kg(-1), initial soil total nitrogen (TNi) <= 1.2 g kg(-1), and soil pH > 6, with straw returning amounts (SRA) <= 6000 kg ha(-1), nitrogen application rate (NAR) > 200 kg ha(-1), straw returning duration > 3 years, and maize, rice, wheat-maize, or wheat-rice as the cultivated crop, SR-M had a lesser impact on CH4 and N2O emissions than conditions under other environmental and management measures. Under conditions characterized by MAT <= 14 degrees C, MAP <= 800 mm, SOCi > 14 g kg(-1), TNi > 1.2 g kg(-1), and soil pH > 8, with SRA > 6000 kg ha(-1), straw returning duration > 3 years, and wheat as the cultivated crop, SR-I had a lesser impact on CH4 and N2O emissions than conditions under other environmental and management measures. Furthermore, deep straw incorporation (SR-I-deep, straw mixed with 20-40 cm deep soil) did not significantly affect CH4 and N2O emissions, suggesting its potential for widespread adoption. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing straw management practices and reducing GHG emissions in farmland ecosystems.",
+        "output": "Effect on greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O) of straw mulching or its incorporation in farmland ecosystems in China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN JOSE, Calif. - TDK (OTC:TTDKY) Corporation (TSE: 6762) has announced its subsidiary TDK Ventures' involvement in INERATEC's Series B financing round, contributing to the $129M raised to enhance the production and commercialization of carbon-neutral e-fuels. This marks TDK Ventures' inaugural investment from its energy-focused Fund EX1.INERATEC, a German company, specializes in patented microstructured reactor technology that facilitates the production of synthetic fuels, or 'drop-in' e-fuels, by recycling CO2 with renewable energy sources. These e-fuels are designed for use in sectors heavily reliant on fossil fuels, including aviation, maritime, and road transportation, as well as the chemical industry.The recent funding will support INERATEC in starting mass production of its Power-to-X plants on a global scale. The company aims to significantly boost its output, with a projected 1,500-fold increase in production capacity, potentially recycling over 12 million metric tons of CO2 annually.TDK Ventures President Nicolas Sauvage expressed confidence in INERATEC's technology, stating its suitability for the vast applications within industries that are challenging to decarbonize. The demand for e-fuels is anticipated to see substantial growth, with projections estimating a market worth of $13.6T by 2050.INERATEC's CEO, Tim Boeltken, expressed gratitude for the investment, highlighting TDK Ventures' commitment to scaling sustainable and hard-tech projects. The company is already in the process of constructing its largest plant to date in Frankfurt and is expanding its reach with international projects in the Netherlands and Chile.As part of TDK's broader commitment to innovation and societal transformation, Fund EX1 was launched in 2023 with a focus on early-stage companies leading the energy transition within the U.S. and Europe. TDK Corporation, known for its electronic solutions and material sciences expertise, supports various markets, including automotive, industrial electronics, and ICT.Information in this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "TDK Ventures, a subsidiary of TDK Corporation, has invested in INERATEC's Series B financing round, contributing to the $129M raised to enhance the production and commercialization of carbon-neutral e-fuels. INERATEC's patented microstructured reactor technology facilitates the production of synthetic fuels, or 'drop-in' e-fuels, by recycling CO2 with renewable energy sources.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study aimed to test the efficacy of a newly developed computer-based game naming computerized executive functions (CEF) task on the reading ability of children suffering from dyslexia. Forty dyslexic school students from the fourth and fifth grades were randomized to one of the experimental and control groups. Subjects of the experimental group received 12 sessions of Computerized Executive Functions Training (CEFT), while subjects of the control group played a neutral computer game throughout the 12 sessions. All participants responded to the Reading and Dyslexia Test (NEMA) as the pre- and post-test measure. Results revealed a significant improvement in the reading ability of subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group. Subjects of the experimental group indicated a greater improvement in some components of the NEMA scale including word reading, word chains reading, picture naming, text comprehension, word comprehension and letter fluency relative to the control group. CEFT had no significant effect in modifying the category fluency, phoneme elimination and rhyming components of the NEMA scale. Applying CEFT improves the reading performance of children with dyslexia by enforcing their cognitive abilities like working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility which are necessary for normal reading ability.",
+        "output": "Computerized Executive Functions Training: The efficacy on reading performance of children with dyslexia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia is a topic of significant research interest. However, well-preserved human fossils in secure, dateable contexts in this region are extremely rare, and often the subject of intense debate owing to stratigraphic and geochronological problems. Tongtianyan cave, in Liujiang District of Liuzhou City, southern China is one of the most important fossils finds of H. sapiens, though its age has been debated, with chronometric dates ranging from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene. Here we provide new age estimates and revised provenience information for the Liujiang human fossils, which represent one of the most complete fossil skeletons of H. sapiens in China. U-series dating on the human fossils and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating on the fossil-bearing sediments provided ages ranging from ~33,000 to 23,000 years ago (ka). The revised age estimates correspond with the dates of other human fossils in northern China, at Tianyuan Cave (~40.8-38.1 ka) and Zhoukoudian Upper Cave (39.0-36.3 ka), indicating the geographically widespread presence of H. sapiens across Eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene, which is significant for better understanding human dispersals and adaptations in the region.",
-        "output": "New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China.",
+        "input": "Prior research has delved into the diverse effects that social media news consumption has over broader social media interaction patterns. From social ties curation, to ties filtering, blocking, and other behaviors, social media news consumption has been empirically deemed to influence the way citizens socialize in these virtual spaces. Drawing on a diverse and nationally representative two wave-panel data from Spain, this study builds on this strand of the literature by investigating the role of social media news, social media culture of impunity and social media envy or feelings of jealousy, and resentment toward others, over trolling and insulting people in social media. Results show that social media news has a direct association with malicious trolling but does not fuel abusive verbal interactions. The latter is mainly explained by individuals who embrace a culture of impunity - the expectation that in social media one may commit a crime or violation and not be held accountable-, and social media envy. Furthermore, there is a positive divergent interaction between social media envy and culture of impunity on insulting other citizens. That is, people who report higher levels of social media envy and culture of impunity tend to engage in insulting others the most in social media.",
+        "output": "Trolling and insulting others on social media in Spain: the role of social media news use, culture of impunity, and social media envy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Benchmark equity indices Sensex and Nifty retreated from early highs to close on a flat note on Wednesday due to fag-end selling in banking and power shares amid mixed global cues.The 30-share BSE Sensex ended 0.02 per cent or 11.43 points higher at 65,087.25 points, marking its third straight day of gains.Similar trends were witnessed on the NSE where the broader 50-share Nifty inched up 0.02 per cent or 4.80 points to settle at 19,347.45 points.Most of the European stocks were trading in the negative territory while Asian shares ended the day on a mixed note.\"European stocks fell after the latest round of price data suggested inflation may not yet be fully on the retreat in the euro region. Asian markets too gave up some of their morning gains,\" Deepak Jasani, head of retail research, HDFC Securities said.In the Sensex pack, majority of the shares closed in the positive territory. Among the main gainers were Jio Financial Services which jumped 4.99 per cent, Tata Steel (2.09 per cent).PTI",
-        "output": "The Sensex and Nifty closed flat on Wednesday, with the Sensex gaining 11.43 points to 65,087.25 and the Nifty rising 4.80 points to 19,347.45, due to fag-end selling in banking and power shares amid mixed global cues.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study sought to assess disaster resilience in Korean metropolitan cities and explore the factors influencing disaster management in these cities. Statistical data from 17 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea spanning the years 2016 to 2020 were collected. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), a method for estimating relative efficiency using multiple input and output variables, was employed to calculate the disaster resilience scores of these cities. The results indicate higher level of disaster resilience in capital regions and large cities in Korea, with social and economic characteristics significantly influencing resilience. Moreover, the study reveals that robust infrastructure, particularly in terms of housing, strongly impacts resilience scores. The use of DEA allows for the practical evaluation of relative resilience scores without requiring weighted value calculations, making it an effective methodology for assessing city resilience.This study aimed to assess how well Korean metropolitan cities are prepared for disasters and understand what factors affect their disaster management. We collected statistics data on the social, economic, infrastructure, community capital, and institutions of 17 Korean metropolitan cities and provinces from 2016 to 2020. We used a method called data envelopment analysis (DEA) to figure out how well these cities are handling disasters. The results show that capital regions and large cities in Korea are better at handling disasters. This is because factors such as social and economic characteristics have a significant impact on their ability to respond to disasters. Additionally, having strong infrastructure, especially when it comes to housing, plays a big role in how well a city can respond to disasters. Using DEA allowed us to evaluate how well cities are prepared for disasters without needing complicated calculations, making it a useful method for assessing city readiness for disasters.",
+        "output": "Disaster Resilience of Korean Cities Using Data Envelopment Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening against incidence of and mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODS: From January 2012 to September 2016, we conducted a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial involving permanent residents age 45-69 years in a high-risk region for ESCC in northern China. A total of 668 targeted villages were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the screening group (offered Lugol's chromoendoscopy) or control group (no screening). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed to compare esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality between the two groups. The per-protocol analysis adjusted for nonadherence to the screening procedure.RESULTS: A total of 33,847 participants were included in the analysis: 17,104 in the screening group, 15,165 (88.7%) of whom underwent screening, and 16,743 in the control group. During a maximum follow-up of 9 years, EC incidence in the screening and control groups were 60.9 and 72.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; mortality in the screening and control groups were 29.7 and 32.4 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Compared with the control group, the incidence and mortality of the screening group reduced by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.09]) and 18% (aHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.53 to 1.26]), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis; and by 22% (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10]) and 21% (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.30]), respectively, in the per-protocol analysis.CONCLUSION: With a 9-year follow-up, our trial suggests that chromoendoscopic screening induces modest reductions in EC incidence and mortality. A more efficient strategy for EC screening and subsequent patient management should be established to guarantee the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.",
-        "output": "Effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening on Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A 9-Year Report of the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China (ESECC) Randomized Trial.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Older critically ill patients experience rapid muscle loss during stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to physiological stress and increased catabolism. This may lead to increased ICU length of stay, delayed weaning from ventilation and persistent functional limitations. We hypothesized that with optimal nutrition and early physical therapy acting in synergism, we can reduce muscle mass loss and improve functional outcomes.METHODS: This was a prospective, single blinded randomized, controlled single-center pilot study to compare the lean muscle mass (measured at bilateral quadriceps femoris using ultrasound) of older ICU patients at 4 time points over 14 days between the control and intervention groups. The control group received standard weight-based empiric feeding and standard ICU physiotherapy. The intervention group received indirect calorimetry directed feeding adjusted daily and 60min per day of cycle ergometry. 21 patients were recruited and randomized with 11 patients in the control arm and 10 patients in the intervention arm. Secondary outcome measures included ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, functional assessments of mobility and assessment of strength.RESULTS: Median age was 64 in the control group and 66 in the intervention group. Median calories achieved was 24.5kcal/kg per day in the control group and 23.3kcal/kg per day in the intervention group. Cycle ergometry was applied to patients in the intervention group for a median of 60min a day and a patient had a median of 8.5 sessions in 14 days. Muscle mass decreased by a median of 4.7cm2 in the right quadriceps femoris in the control group and 1.8cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.19), while the left quadriceps femoris decreased by 1.9cm2 in the control group and 0.1cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.51).CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, we found a trend towards decrease muscle loss in bilateral quadriceps femoris with our combined interventions. However, it did not reach statistical significance likely due to small number of patients recruited in the study. However, we conclude that the intervention is feasible and potentially beneficial and may warrant a larger scale study to achieve statistical significance.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov on 30th May 2018 with identifier NCT03540732.",
+        "output": "Indirect calorimetry directed feeding and cycling in the older ICU population: a pilot randomised controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Tokyo, Jan 17 (IANS) Japan Airlines (JAL) on Wednesday announced its decision to promote senior executive Mitsuko Tottori to the position of president, making the first time that a woman will hold the top post in the flag carrier's history.Tottori, 59, now representative director and senior managing executive officer, will become the first female president of the Japanese carrier as she assumes the post on April 1, reports Xinhua news agency.Tottori, who joined the airline in 1985, will also become the first JAL president with a flight attendant background, according to the biography attached to the company's online statement.Yuji Akasaka, the current president, will become chairman with representative authority after April 1.In 2020, Tottori, as senior vice president for cabin attendants, facilitated the secondment of the company's cabin attendants to municipalities and other companies during the Covid-19 pandemic, when the airline industry faced difficult business conditions, Nikkei Asia reported.Last year, the Japanese government approved a women's empowerment policy that aims to raise the ratio of female board members to more than 30 per cent by 2030 at companies listed on the top-tier Prime Market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.The move came as companies in the country lag behind the US and Europe in promoting women to managerial positions.--IANS",
-        "output": "Japan Airlines (JAL) has appointed Mitsuko Tottori as its first female president, effective April 1, 2023. Tottori, currently a senior executive, will become the first JAL president with a flight attendant background.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "An issue about the privacy of the clustered groups designed by algorithms arises when attempts are made to access certain pieces of information about those groups that would likely be used to harm them. Therefore, limitations must be imposed regarding accessing such information about clustered groups. In the discourse on group privacy, it is argued that the right to privacy of such groups should be recognised to respect group privacy, protecting clustered groups against discrimination. According to this viewpoint, this right places a duty on others, for example, private companies, institutions, and governments, to refrain from accessing such information. To defend the idea that the right to privacy should be recognised for clustered groups, at least two requirements must be satisfied. First, clustered group privacy must be conceived of as either a collective good or a participatory good. Since these forms of good are of the type from which no member of a group can be excluded from benefiting, the right to them is defined as a group right. Second, there must be group interests on which to base a group right. Group interests can be either the interests of those members that are a result of their being in the group or the interests of the group as a whole that transcend the interests of its members. However, this paper argues that clustered group privacy cannot be conceived of as either a collective or a participatory good because it is possible for some individuals to be excluded from benefiting from it. Furthermore, due to the lack of awareness among individuals that they are members of a clustered group and the nature of a clustered group itself, such groups cannot have the group interests necessary to establish a group right. Hence, the group right to privacy cannot be recognised for these groups, implying that the group right cannot be considered a means to protect clustered groups against discrimination. Instead, this paper suggests that moral principles need to be articulated within an ethics of vulnerability to identify the moral obligations of protecting vulnerable clustered groups. The duty owed to the vulnerable should involve refraining from accessing certain information about clustered groups in specific contexts. This duty is not engendered by the right to privacy of such groups; it is the duty owed to the vulnerable. The findings highlight the need to articulate moral principles regarding privacy and data protection to protect clustered groups in contexts in which accessing information about them could constitute a reason for discriminatory targeting.",
+        "output": "Limiting Access to Certain Anonymous Information: From the Group Right to Privacy to the Principle of Protecting the Vulnerable",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper suggests a workflow that generates floor plans with structural elements. Generating structural layouts in a BIM environment with the implementation of a machine learning method allows a future projection for fast and easy exploration of multiple design options. Pix2Pix, a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model, takes the wall layout as input and generates a structural layout by learning from existing knowledge used to generate a decision support system for structural layout generation. The paper also suggest an additional script as a fine-adjustment model to refine the structural layout based on predetermined structural rules. This script increases the accuracy of the structural layouts generated by the GAN algorithm. Based on the test dataset, the research demonstrates a 64% success rate in providing structural schema assistance. Considering the results, this study seems to have the potential to be a supportive application in the early design phase.",
-        "output": "Structural Plan Schema Generation Through Generative Adversarial Networks",
+        "input": "The Notre-Dame de Paris (NDP) wooden oak frame is one of the greatest masterpieces of Gothic carpentry in France. It was constructed between 12th and 13th centuries, at a time of profound environmental and societal changes - climate optimum, strong demographic and economic growth - which created significant pressure on available forest resources, one of the key economic drivers of medieval societies. The project of the Notre-Dame oak wood frame study proposes four lines of research. The first three objectives aim to address society's adaptive response to the availability of wood resources during the High Middle Ages between the 11th and 13th c. The first objective is to study the timber and destroyed framework from an archaeological, mechanical and architectural point of view, in order to characterize the construction methods of the wooden frame and to identify the potential technical adaptations of the medieval society. The second purpose consists of characterizing the forest stands exploited, their management, and the possible silvicultural systems used for the production of adequate timber. The third purpose is to define the climatic and the socio-economical context of Paris and Ile-de-France via an unprecedented reconstruction of summer temperature and moisture from NDP woods, combined with textual sources. For the fourth objective, investigations on the hydro-mechanical properties of oak beams are undertaken to better understand the choice and use of oak beams in Middle Age for the NDP frame and to have the opportunities for innovations in wood uses in the context of European standard for timber buildings. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Post-fire studies of Notre Dame's framework: Historical and environmental wood memory of the medieval period between the 11th and 13th centuries. Birth of an interdisciplinary project",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by some marine dinoflagellates can cause severe human intoxication via vectors like bivalves. Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum produce a novel group of hydroxybenzoate PSTs named GC toxins, but their biokinetics in bivalves haven't been well examined. In this experiment, we analyzed PSTs in bay scallops Argopecten irradians exposed to G. catenatum (strain MEL11) to determine their accumulation, elimination, anatomical distribution, and biotransformation. To our surprise, up to 30% of the PSTs were accumulated in the adductor muscle of scallops at the end of the experiment, and the toxicity of adductor muscle exceeded the regulatory limit of 800mug STXeq/kg in only 6 days. High concentration of toxins in the adductor muscle are likely linked to the rapid transfer of GC toxins from viscera to other tissues. Moreover, most GC toxins in scallops were found rapidly transformed to decarbamoyl toxins through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis, which was further supported by the in vitro incubation experiments. Our study demonstrates that GC toxins actively participate in toxin distribution and transformation in scallops, which may increase the risks of food poisoning associated with the consumption of scallop adductor muscle. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The negative impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become a global environmental concern under the joint effects of cultural eutrophication and climate change. Our study, targeted on the biokinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallops exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum producing unique GC toxins, aims to elucidate potential risks of seafood poisoning associated with GC toxins. The findings of this study will help us to understand the roles of GC toxins in seafood poisoning, and to develop effective management strategies against toxic algal blooms and phycotoxins.",
-        "output": "Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops.",
+        "input": "Amid a heightened focus on sustainable consumption, restaurants are increasingly adopting green practices. Yet, understanding determinants of satisfaction in green restaurants remains unexplored. Analyzing 85,337 TripAdvisor reviews from US Green Restaurant Association certified restaurants, and leveraging BERTopic and aspect-based sentiment analysis, our study reveals previously unidentified subtopics, like pet-friendly, and indicates that after food, value, and service, green attributes significantly affect satisfaction, surpassing atmosphere. Additionally, we studied ramifications of not mentioning aspects in reviews, showing an insignificant difference in satisfaction between reviews without green attributes and those with neutral sentiment scores, highlighting the importance of promoting and delivering green initiatives.",
+        "output": "What attributes affect customer satisfaction in green restaurants? An aspect-based sentiment analysis approach",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Interview with Fangyuan Hua, who studies forest biodiversity and conservation at Peking University.",
-        "output": "Fangyuan Hua.",
+        "input": "Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.",
+        "output": "Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Seoul, Jan 16 (IANS) Three members of Samsung Group's founding family have sold their shares worth $2 billion in group affiliates, including Samsung Electronics (KS:005930), in an apparent bid to pay inheritance taxes. Samsung Electronics said in a regulatory filing that Hong Ra-hee, the mother of Samsung Electronics Chairman Lee Jae-yong, and her two daughters -- Hotel Shilla CEO Lee Boo-jin and Lee Seo-hyun, chief of the Samsung Welfare Foundation, have unloaded a combined 29.8 million shares worth 2.17 trillion won in the company.Their holdings were sold at 72,717 won per share in a block deal, resulting in their stakes in Samsung Electronics slipping to 1.45 per cent, 0.78 per cent and 0.7 per cent, respectively, reports Yonhap news agency.Other group affiliates, including Samsung C&T Corp., Samsung SDS Co. and Samsung Life Insurance Co., also said in a regulatory filing that Boo-jin unloaded 0.65 per cent, 1.95 per cent and 1.16 per cent of her stakes in the three companies the same day.The block sale is widely seen as aimed at paying inheritance taxes totaling 12 trillion won following the death of late Samsung Group Chairman Lee Kun-hee in October 2020.Since his death, the owner group's family members have been paying their inheritance taxes in installments over a five-year span that started in April 2021.--IANSna/ksk",
-        "output": "Three members of Samsung Group's founding family sold $2 billion worth of shares in group affiliates, including Samsung Electronics, to pay inheritance taxes totaling 12 trillion won following the death of late Samsung Group Chairman Lee Kun-hee in October 2020.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This Viewpoint describes the use of large language model chatbots in social, educational, and therapeutic settings and the need to assess when children are developmentally ready to engage with them.",
+        "output": "Digital Dialogue-How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article presents a causal inference analysis of vaccine hesitancy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines based on socio-demographic data obtained via questionnaires applied to a sample of the Brazilian population. This data includes the respondents' political preferences, age group, education, salary range, country region, sex, believing fake news, vaccine confidence, and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The research created a causal graph using these variables, seeking to answer questions about the probability of people getting vaccinated. The results of this research corroborate findings observed in the literature, also presenting unique findings: (i) The perception that the vaccine is safe is positively affected by age group and negatively by religion; (ii) The older the person, the greater the probability of considering the vaccine safe and, consequently, of getting vaccinated; (iii) The religion variable showed great importance in the model since it has a simultaneous causal effect on political preferences and the perception of vaccine safety; (iv) The data reveal that the probability of a person accepting the vaccination against COVID-19 is reduced given the fact that they believe fake news related to the vaccine. The methodology applied in this research can be replicated for populations from other countries so that it is possible to generate customized models. General causal models can be helpful for agencies dealing with vaccine hesitancy to decide which variables should be addressed to reduce this phenomenon.",
-        "output": "Analysis of causal relations between vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines and ideological orientations in Brazil.",
+        "input": "This paper investigates the influence of hotel employee's thriving at work (including learning and vitality) on their service performance, and explores how leader-member exchange (LMX) moderates this influence. The sampling object of the questionnaire is the employees of 5-star hotels in the north, central, and south of Taiwan who are willing to answer the questionnaires. Purposive sampling is employed. In total, 900 surveys were disseminated throughout Taiwan., including 300 each in the north, central, and south. Out of these, 657 acceptable surveys were collected, resulting in a 73% response rate. The research findings show that: (1) learning positively affect service performance; (2) vitality positively affect service performance; (3) LMX negatively moderates the influence of learning on service performance; (4) LMX negatively moderates the influence of vitality on service performance. At last, the paper proposes managerial implications and subsequent recommendations derived from the research findings.",
+        "output": "Investigating the influence of thriving at work on hotel employees' service performance with the moderating effect of leader-member exchange",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Gandhinagar, Jan 10 (IANS) Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal on Wednesday said that India and UAE aspire to expand their bilateral trade to $100 billion.He also highlighted efforts that were underway to facilitate rupee-dirham trade.Addressing the UAE India Business Summit at the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit, the minister invited investors to participate in India's growth story that was backed with a demographic advantage of a young, aspirational population.Goyal said that both the countries were looking for newer propositions from industry and business to further enhance their partnership.He said bilateral trade has increased under the India UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). He also highlighted key collaborations such as the India-Middle East-Europe economic corridor and initiatives to promote Rupay and facilitate direct rupee-dirham trade.The minister praised the exceptional leadership of UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Prime Minister Narendra Modi in elevating the relationship between the two countries.He emphasised on exploring new partnerships, identifying opportunities, and expanding cooperation in various sectors. He envisioned the India-UAE partnership as a defining alliance of the 21st century, rooted in shared history and aspirations for mutual progress.Goyal highlighted the UAE-India business relationship across various sectors, such as the plan to establish a Bharat Park in the Jebel Ali Free Zone under the guidance of DP World Group CEO Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem.He expressed confidence that this initiative would open myriad opportunities for international trade between the two nations and beyond, significantly elevating India's global visibility.The minister also praised Vice Chairman of the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce, Yousuf Ali Abdulqader, in fortifying bilateral ties, mentioning the significant investments being made in India's growth story, such as the establishment of a shopping mall in Kashmir.Drawing attention to the burgeoning defence, cultural, and economic relations between the nations, Goyal lauded the UAE's political stability, business-friendly policies, and infrastructural advancements as conducive factors for mutual growth and prosperity.--IANSpannu/dan",
-        "output": "India and UAE aim to expand bilateral trade to $100 billion, with efforts underway to facilitate rupee-dirham trade and enhance cooperation in various sectors.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Finger flutings are channels drawn in soft sediments covering walls, floors and ceilings of some limestone caves in Europe and Australia and in some cases date as far back as 50,000 years ago. Initial research focused on why they were made, but more recently, as part of a growing interest in the individual in the past, researchers began asking questions about who made them. This shift in direction has led to claims that by measuring the width of flutings made with the three middle fingers of either hand, archaeologists can infer the ordinal age, sex and individuality of the 'fluter'. These claims rest on a single dataset created in 2006. In this paper, we undertake the first critical analysis of that dataset and its concomitant methodologies. We argue that sample size, uneven distribution of sex and age within the sample, non-standardised medium, human variability, the lack of comparability between an experimental context and real cave environments and assumptions about demographic modelling effectively negate all previous claims. To sum, we find no substantial evidence for the claims that an age, sex and individual tracing can be revealed by measuring finger flutings as described by Sharpe and Van Gelder (Antiquity 80: 937-947, 2006a; Cambridge Archaeological Journal 16: 281-95, 2006b; Rock Art Research 23: 179-98, 2006c). As a case study, we discuss Koonalda Cave in southern Australia. Koonalda has the largest and most intact display of finger flutings in the world and is also part of a cultural landscape maintained and curated by Mirning people.",
+        "output": "Finger Fluting in Prehistoric Caves: A Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Children, Sexing and Tracing of Individuals",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The BMW Group (ETR:BMWG.DE) announced record sales, surpassing sales of 2.5 million units in 2023 and reaching its goal of securing a 15% market share in battery-electric vehicles.Their latest report on Tuesday revealed a remarkable fourth quarter with sales hitting 718,778 cars, marking a 10.3% increase compared to the previous year. Overall annual sales witnessed a 6.5% rise. Notably, the U.S. market experienced the most significant growth, climbing by 9.4% to nearly 396,000 units, while China saw slower growth at 4.2% with sales reaching 824,932 units.BMW is \"confident\" it can maintain its battery-electric sales trajectory next year, the company said.BMW announced in November that its order book was already booked for the initial months of the following year. Executives mentioned that, unlike some competing automakers, they didn't see any necessity to reduce prices.The company is scheduled to disclose its full-year results on March 21.",
-        "output": "BMW Group achieved record sales in 2023, surpassing 2.5 million units and securing a 15% market share in battery-electric vehicles, with the U.S. market experiencing the most significant growth at 9.4%. Despite a slower growth in China, BMW remains confident in maintaining its battery-electric sales trajectory in 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study presents an automated text-based information extraction model for analyzing the competitive landscape of the international construction industry. The proposed model comprises named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE) models. From news articles, the NER model identifies major participants in the international construction industry, whereas the RE model automatically extracts their relationships, particularly in the bids and awards stage. Based on the extracted information, bids and awards networks are generated. This study presents an illustrative competitive landscape analysis focusing on the Middle East construction market using social network analysis. Furthermore, this study introduces the construction contractor activation index (CCAI), which is a metric designed to quantify the engagement level of each construction participant in bidding activities. The correlation coefficient between the CCAI and the revenue of following year of Korean contractors was 0.490 at a significance level of 0.001, confirming the potential application of the CCAI as a leading indicator in predicting a contractor's revenue. The proposed model is expected to facilitate data-driven decision-making for improved market entry and bidding strategies, benefiting policymakers and practitioners, specifically those aiming to expand internationally but lacking experience and reliable information.This study introduced a natural language processing (NLP)-powered information extraction model. The proposed model is expected to help practitioners automate the review of documents during in-house investigations, saving a considerable amount of time. In addition, this study presented a competitive landscape analysis of the international construction industry focusing on the bidding stage via social network analysis (SNA) based on the extracted information. An international contractor often becomes a new entrant to the target market when prompted by a new project. The findings are useful for analyzing market dynamics and thus developing national policies and a firm's strategies from a macro perspective. Policymakers and practitioners can utilize the results of this study to determine the niche market and recognize new entrants within rapidly changing circumstances based on up-to-date news articles. In particular, the CCAI, which represents the influence of construction participants based on the bidding activities, is expected to be used as a leading indicator for revenue forecasting.",
+        "output": "Competitive Landscape Analysis of International Construction Industry Using Natural Language Processing",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The digital transformation of medical data enables health systems to leverage real-world data from electronic health records to gain actionable insights for improving hypertension care.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of outpatients of a large regional health system from 2010 to 2021. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure \u2265140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure \u226590mm Hg, or recorded treatment with antihypertension medications. We evaluated 4 methods of using blood pressure measurements in the electronic health record to define hypertension. The primary outcomes were age-adjusted prevalence rates and age-adjusted control rates. Hypertension prevalence varied depending on the definition used, ranging from 36.5% to 50.9% initially and increasing over time by 5%, regardless of the definition used. Control rates ranged from 61.2% to 71.3% initially, increased during 2018 to 2019, and decreased during 2020 to 2021. The proportion of patients with a hypertension diagnosis ranged from 45.5% to 60.2% initially and improved during the study period. Non-Hispanic Black patients represented 25% of our regional population and consistently had higher prevalence rates, higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower control rates compared with other racial and ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONS: In a large regional health system, we leveraged the electronic health record to provide real-world insights. The findings largely reflected national trends but showed distinctive regional demographics and findings, with prevalence increasing, one-quarter of the patients not controlled, and marked disparities. This approach could be emulated by regional health systems seeking to improve hypertension care.",
-        "output": "Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records.",
+        "input": "Within the framework of the CNRS/Ministry of Culture Notre-Dame Scientific Workshop, the Acoustics Working Group presents the work of the soundscape archaeology axis and, more precisely, the proposal for the restitution of the soundscape of the Notre-Dame construction site from 1170 to 1182. This is part of the work of its third mission: historical mission >>. This article presents the first steps necessary to reconstruct a soundscape that may have existed at the very beginning of the construction of Notre-Dame (1163-1170) (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Study and analysis of the sound environment of the Notre-Dame construction site between the 12th and 18th centuries",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The western centre of France is one of the richest regions of Western Europe in terms of causewayed enclosures from the Neolithic period. To date, more than 300 such sites have been identified. Most causewayed enclosures in the region range in size from some hectares to over 10 ha. Exhaustive excavation of such sites is rarely performed because such operations are both financially expensive and time intensive. Completing an exhaustive excavation of these sites is also extremely complicated due to their complexity. Recording the most complete possible site plan is a major challenge for optimizing excavation. Traditionally, aerial photography has been the primary method used for delineating causewayed enclosure plans. A magnetic survey can also provide complementary information. Magnetic imaging reveals both enclosure ditches and internal features (pits, postholes, etc.) quickly and with high spatial resolution. At some sites, occupation layers dating from the time of enclosure may be preserved and contain archaeological artefacts or small features in situ. This article proposes a protocol for locating a Neolithic occupation layer inside a Neolithic causewayed enclosure. To locate the areas where this layer is likely to be present, a map of the archaeological potential of the Le Pontet site was produced based on a thickness map of the soil-sedimentary cover. This map was created by combining an apparent electrical resistivity map, the results of electrical resistivity tomography, an orthophotograph with contrasting cropmarks and the results of dynamic cone penetration tests. To validate the archaeological potential map, an excavation campaign was conducted in 2020 to investigate several sectors; the aim was to prove the presence of the occupation layer and study the pedo-sedimentary stratigraphy of the site.",
-        "output": "Thickness Estimation of the Soil-Sedimentary Cover Inside Causewayed Enclosures to Locate an Occupation Layer: Map of the Archaeological Potential of the Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure of Le Pontet",
+        "input": "This paper investigates the infrastructure projects undertaken for the event initially known as the Semaine des sports d'hiver, which took place in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 4 February 1924 and was later recognized as the first Winter Olympics. Although the already famous resort town was able to use its existing hotels to accommodate visitors and athletes, it also made a considerable investment in the construction of new sports infrastructure. Following an agreement signed just 9 months before the Games, these facilities included a large ice rink, a bobsleigh run and a ski jump. The project was entrusted to the Ponts et Chauss & eacute;es engineers, who encouraged local firms to help with the construction. Archival analysis will be used to examine the relationship between the project and the changing environment. Our aim is to show how the work in Chamonix modified the environment by exploiting certain natural elements (e.g. water, soil and forests) and, conversely, how the natural (in particular, the geological and climatic) and historical (notably land ownership) components of the environment affected the execution of these works.",
+        "output": "Environmental changes and the first Olympic Winter Games. Infrastructure projects for 'Chamonix 1924'",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study examines charred bread-like samples found in several archaeological sites across northern Italy and dating from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages, some of which are included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The aim is to investigate differences and homogeneities in bread production processes in different eras and cultures. Bread was a staple food in many ancient societies, but has rarely been found amongst the materials that survive in archaeological sites. When it is found, it is usually because the bread was charred by accidental combustion (falling into the oven during baking) or deliberate combustion (for ritual purposes). The literature on the issue is not abundant, but has been growing over the past decade. There is, therefore, room to propose new study methodologies at this time. We studied eight samples of charred bread-like products and we used optical and scanning electron microscopy to identify plant tissue remains attributable to cereal caryopses, partly modified by breadmaking processes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and, for the first time, infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR) were also used to investigate the composition and preparation methods of the different types of bread-like products. In particular, FTIR-ATR analysis can give indications about the presence of starch, gluten and lignin in the sample under investigation and it can, therefore, be used as a screening to guide subsequent SEM analysis in the search for specific cereal residues in the dough. In some cases, the different techniques used also revealed the presence of minerals such as silicates and carbonates, probably due to grinding residues or poor sample cleaning. During SEM observations, phytoliths, diatoms and framboids were also found in some of the samples. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
-        "output": "Ancient bread recipes: Archaeometric data on charred findings",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, bleeding and thrombosis are common complications. We aimed to describe the incidence and predictors of bleeding and thrombosis and their association with in-hospital mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients presenting with refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between December 2015 and March 2022 who met the criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation at our center were included. Major bleeding was defined by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization's criteria. Adjusted analyses were done to seek out risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis and evaluate their association with mortality. Major bleeding occurred in 135 of 200 patients (67.5%), with traumatic bleeding from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 73 (36.5%). Baseline demographics and arrest characteristics were similar between groups. In multivariable analysis, decreasing levels of fibrinogen were independently associated with bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.98 per every 10mg/dL rise [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]). Patients who died had a higher rate of bleeds per day (0.21 versus 0.03, P<0.001) though bleeding was not significantly associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI. 0.55-1.19]). A thrombotic event occurred in 23.5% (47/200) of patients. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 11% (22/200) and arterial thrombi in 15.5% (31/200). Clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. In adjusted analyses, no risk factors for thrombosis were identified. Thrombosis was not associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.42-1.03]).CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding is a frequent complication of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation that is associated with decreased fibrinogen levels on admission whereas thrombosis is less common. Neither bleeding nor thrombosis was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.",
+        "output": "Bleeding and Thrombosis in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest Treated With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Contemporary estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) rates in pregnancy are lacking in Canada. Accordingly, this study examined trends in the rates of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and gestational (GDM) DM in Canada over a 15-year period, and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes.METHODS: This study used repeated cross-sectional data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) hospitalization discharge abstract database (DAD). Maternal delivery records were linked to their respective birth records from 2006 to 2019. The prevalence of T1DM, T2DM and GDM were calculated, including relative changes over time, assessed by a Cochrane-Armitage test. Also assessed were differences between provinces and territories in the prevalence of DM.RESULTS: Over the 15-year study period, comprising 4,320,778 hospital deliveries in Canada, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of GDM and T1DM and T2DM. Compared to pregnancies without DM, all pregnancies with any form of DM had higher rates of hypertension and Caesarian delivery, and also adverse infant outcomes, including major congenital anomalies, preterm birth and large-for-gestational age birthweight.CONCLUSION: Among 4.3million pregnancies in Canada, there has been a rise in the prevalence of DM. T2DM and GDM are expected to increase further as more overweight women conceive in Canada.",
-        "output": "Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy across Canada.",
+        "input": "Flight altitude is relevant to the climate effects resulting from aircraft emissions. Other research has shown that flying higher within the troposphere leads to larger warming from O-3 production. Aircraft NOx emissions are of particular interest, as they lead to warming via the short-term production of O-3, but also to reduced warming via processes like CH4 depletion. We focus on short-term O-3 production, as it constitutes one of aviation's largest warming components. Understanding how O-3 formation varies altitudinally throughout the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is essential for designing climate-compatible aircraft and routing. We quantify this variation by performing simulations with a global atmospheric chemistry model for three representative cruise altitudes, five regions and two seasons using three methods: Eulerian tagging, perturbation and Lagrangian tagging. This multi-method, regional approach overcomes limitations of previous studies that utilize only one of these methods and apply global emission inventories biased towards present-day flight distributions, thus limiting their applicability to future aviation scenarios. Our results highlight that underrepresenting emissions in areas with growing flight activity (e.g. Asia Pacific) may lead to significant, regional underestimations of the altitudinal sensitivity of short-term NOx-related O-3 warming effects in certain cases. We find that emitting in Southern regions, like Australasia, leads to warming larger by a factor of two when compared to global averages. Our findings also suggest that flying lower translates to lower warming from short-term O-3 production and that this effect is strongest during the local summer. We estimate differences ranging from a factor of 1.2-2.6 between tagging and perturbation results that are attributable to non-linearities of NOx-O-3 chemistry, and derived regional correction factors for a widely-used sub-model. Overall, we stress that a combination of all three methods is necessary for a robust assessment of aviation climate effects as they address fundamentally different questions.",
+        "output": "A multi-method assessment of the regional sensitivities between flight altitude and short-term O3 climate warming from aircraft NO x emissions",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Slow-moving reactivated landslides can accelerate suddenly and fail catastrophically, posing a great threat to life and economy. Emerging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique for long-term monitoring of such landslides has been devoted to documenting precursory movements before the failure; however, understanding the complex spatiotemporal evolution of a slow-moving reactivated landslide in different parts remains a challenge. Here we present an exemplification of potential reactivation and spatiotemporal evolution based on a recent reactivated landslide in southwestern China. We conducted multi-temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR) using Sentinel-1 constellation data, spanning 4 years (2014 similar to 2018) period, and then retrieved the spatiotemporal deformation pattern for ascending orbit. Results indicated that prior to the large-scale failure on 19 July 2018, the landslide exhibited prolonged slow movement, with an annual line of sight (LOS) velocity reaching -67.2 mm/year. The intense and persistent precipitation in 2018 resulted in higher average LOS velocities compared to those observed during 2014-2017. We have also identified three potential deformation zones, and a detailed analysis of slope deformation in different sections unveiled that the leading edge exhibited the largest displacement, followed by the rear section. These findings strongly suggest that this landslide is most likely a compound event involving retrogressive and progressive failure modes. The 4-year vegetation indices unravel that the decline in values can be attributed to alterations in vegetation structure prior to the extensive failure, as no similar behaviors were observed in historical data. This study highlights the significance of SAR data for monitoring landslide reactivation and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of slow-moving landslides.",
-        "output": "InSAR-derived predisaster spatio-temporal evolution of a reactivated landslide",
+        "input": "The present geophysical research aims to evaluate the applicability of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) on mapping ultrashallow underwater ancient masonry remnants. The work presents the analysis from a single seismic line using MASW and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) methods and its corresponding electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) section surveyed at the submerged prehistoric site of Agioi Theodoroi area located 10 km eastern of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. The 2D MASW velocity model exhibits significant correspondence with the resistivity structure extracted from the ERT data, showing lateral S-wave velocity (Vs) variations at the positions where the high resistivity anomalies exist. The analysis of synthetic seismic data calculated from a respective model reproduced a comparable S-wave velocity pseudo-section with the real data. However, the investigated targets (submerged buried masonry) appear shallower and wider in MASW sections than in the real world and the corresponding synthetic models, due to insufficient vertical and horizontal resolution of this method. Surface waves travelling through the seafloor sediments (Scholte-waves) demonstrate very low velocity values. This makes them suitable for the detection of shallow and relatively large (> 0.5 m) underwater manmade structures, providing the enhancement of MASW method resolution, by utilizing a high frequency (> 100 Hz) seismic source, recording short Scholte wavelengths (<= 1 m) and using shorter (<= 0.5 m) receiver spacing and array length. Consequently, the results of this work demonstrate the potential in employing conventional seismic techniques in the delineation of underwater antiquities and the revealing of the cultural dynamics in very shallow off-shore archaeological sites.",
+        "output": "Assess the Effectiveness of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves Method in Mapping Ancient Structures in Ultrashallow Aquatic Environments: The Case of Agioi Theodoroi, Greece",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Fundraising through the issuance of shares to institutional investors skyrocketed, as companies raked in Rs 50,218 crore in 2023, marking a six-fold surge from the previous year and indicating a positive outlook among investors.Apart from QIPs, fund mobilisation through rights issue of shares and OFS (Offer-for-Sale) route too surged in 2023, as compared to last year.Market experts attributed the primary reason for the increase in Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) fundraising to the market and investor sentiments that play an important role in their success.As long as positive market vibes persist, and investors continue to reap returns, listed companies lean towards opting for fundraising through QIP as this avenue ensures swift access to funds, they added.According to data by the National Stock Exchange (NSE), companies collected Rs 50,218 crore through QIPs in 2023, which was way higher than Rs 8,196 crore raised in the preceding year.Bajaj Finance Ltd spearheaded the largest QIP, securing about Rs 8,800 crore. Following suit, Union Bank of India and Bank of India raised around Rs 5,000 crore and Rs 4,500 crore, respectively.In addition, there was one QIP of a REIT of Brookfield India Real Estate Trust that garnered Rs 2,305 crore this year.Other noteworthy contributors to the fundraising spree included Cholamandalam Investment & Finance, Federal Bank, IDFC First Bank, Aditya Birla Capital and Bank of Maharashtra.Listed companies that need funds either to meet their capex requirements or to comply with Sebi's 25 per cent minimum public shareholding norms generally opt to raise funds through the QIP route.Further, as compared to rights issues or follow-on public offers (FPOs), the QIP route takes less time and fewer compliance norms.QIP is one of the quickest products to raise funds from institutional investors. It is designed only for the listed companies, which allows them to mobilize funds quickly from institutional investors without the need to submit any pre-issue filings to market regulators.The NSE data indicates a substantial rise in capital raised through rights issue route, reaching Rs 8,017 crore this year compared to Rs 3,646 crore in 2022. Furthermore, fund mobilization through the OFS route increased 44 per cent to Rs 15,959 crore in 2023, up from Rs 11,110 crore in the previous year.",
-        "output": "In 2023, companies raised a record Rs 50,218 crore through QIPs, a six-fold increase from the previous year, due to positive market sentiment and the need for funds for capex and regulatory compliance. Additionally, fundraising through rights issues and OFS also surged, with Rs 8,017 crore and Rs 15,959 crore raised, respectively.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation worldwide, and the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure and CHD in population has only received limited study. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case-control study to explore the associations between prenatal exposure to individual PFASs, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk, including 185 CHDs and 247 controls in China from 2016 to 2021. Thirteen PFASs in maternal plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models (Bayesian kernel machine regression [BKMR] and quantile g-computation [qgcomp]) were used to assess the potential associations between any individual PFAS, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression indicated significant associations between elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (odds ratio [OR]= 1.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.07-1.58), perfluorodecanoic acid (OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.32-3.26), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.45-5.65) and CHD risk. The BKMR model and qgcomp approach identified that a significant positive association between the PFAS mixture and risk for CHD. These findings provide essential evidence that there is indeed a health crisis associated with PFASs and that it is linked to CHD.",
+        "output": "Prenatal exposure to poly/perfluoroalkyl substances and risk for congenital heart disease in offspring.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Drawing on recently published correspondence as well as on a survey of Polish and international philosophical activity published in 1937 and details concerning the publisher and bookseller Aleksander Mazzucato, I provide evidence that, contrary to some recent assertions (but in line with older bibliographical entries), Tarski's 'Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen' was not published in journal form until 1936, although preprints, lacking two corrections and a small addendum, were likely available in the late months of 1935.",
-        "output": "On the Year of Publication of Tarski's 'Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen'",
+        "input": "Micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) screening of 244 glass sherds from Ribe, Denmark, identified 23 wood ash glasses. The closely dated finds pinpoint the arrival of the earliest wood ash glass produced in Western Europe in this important North Sea trading hub. This glass type was absent among glass from 700 to 790 CE but feature strongly from 790 to 810 CE. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of 24 glasses show the presence of four types. We show the strengths of classifying wood ash glass based on the glass-producing sands and conclude that the earliest production took place on a considerable scale and had a major impact on glass circulation in Northern Europe in the ninth century.",
+        "output": "The emperor's new glass: The introduction of Carolingian wood ash glass in North Sea trade",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HOUSTON & SUNNYVALE, Calif. - Hewlett Packard Enterprise (NYSE: NYSE:HPE) has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Juniper Networks, Inc. (NYSE: NYSE:JNPR) for $40.00 per share in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $14 billion. The acquisition, which is expected to close between late 2024 and early 2025, will see Juniper Networks' shareholders receive a 32% premium on the closing stock price as of January 8, 2024.The transaction is set to double HPE's networking business, positioning the company as a leader in AI-native networking solutions for secure, unified technology from edge to cloud. The deal is anticipated to be accretive to HPE's non-GAAP EPS and free cash flow in the first year following the close.Juniper Networks' CEO, Rami Rahim, will lead the combined networking business of the new entity, reporting to HPE President and CEO Antonio Neri. Neri stated that the acquisition aligns with HPE's strategy to drive innovation and growth in high-margin networking while expanding their total addressable market.The combined portfolio of HPE and Juniper is expected to offer a complete set of networking solutions that leverage AI to enhance user experiences and streamline operations. The acquisition also aims to create operating efficiencies and achieve run-rate annual cost synergies of $450 million within 36 months post-close.The financing for the acquisition is based on commitments for $14 billion in term loans, which HPE plans to replace in part with a combination of new debt, mandatory convertible preferred securities, and cash on the balance sheet. The goal is to reduce leverage to approximately 2x within two years following the close of the transaction.This strategic move is anticipated to increase HPE's networking segment revenue from approximately 18% to 31% and contribute over 56% of the company's total operating income. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approvals, approval by Juniper shareholders, and other customary closing conditions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) will acquire Juniper Networks for $14 billion in an all-cash transaction, doubling HPE's networking business and positioning it as a leader in AI-native networking solutions. The acquisition is expected to be accretive to HPE's non-GAAP EPS and free cash flow in the first year following the close.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "What makes cases of pure risking sometimes wrong? There is a strong intuition that the wrongness of pure risking stands in an explanatory relationship with the wrongness of the non-risky act. Yet, we cannot simply take this for granted insofar as in cases of wrongful pure risking, the risked outcome fails to materialize. To this end, I motivate and develop an under explored approach in the literature that I call Unificationism. According to the Unificationist account that I defend, the fact that pure risking phi is pro tanto wrong is grounded by a general moral fact that phi-ing is pro tanto or all-things-considered wrong, other things being equal. This relationship holds even if and when an agent's risky conduct fails to transpire or culminate into phi-ing ex post. I argue that this Unificationist account captures our explanatory intuition, avoids problems of extensional and explanatory inadequacy that existing alternative faces, and most importantly, renders Unificationism as a plausible view within the ethics of pure risking.",
+        "output": "A unificationist approach to wrongful pure risking",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over 150 preserved stumps around five Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene archaeological campsites (12,800 to 11,200 cal BP) show that trees were key features in the creation of everyday habitats for the first inhabitants of the Atacama Desert. At two of these sites, QM12 and QM35, the spatial and chronological correlation between trees and hearths reveals that people located their homes under the tree canopy. At residential site QM35, artifact distribution coincides with a grove dated to ~11,600 to 11,200 cal BP. A third residential area (QM32) occurred along the grove margins ~12,000 to 11,200 cal BP. Based on the distinct cultural material of these two camps, we propose that two different groups intermittently shared this rich wetland-grove environment. The tree taxa suggest a preference for the native Schinus molle, a tree scarcely present on the landscape today, over the endemic, nitrogen-fixing Strombocarpa tamarugo, both for toolmaking and firewood and even though the S. tamarugo was locally more abundant. Together with the spatial and chronological coincidence of campsites, hearths, and trees, we propose that people spared the most abundant and resilient species to create their homes, in turn promoting fertility oases amid the Atacama's hyperaridity.",
-        "output": "The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site.",
+        "input": "To investigate the influences of geometrical size and discharge voltage of the pulse discharge equipment on the fracture characteristics and mechanisms of sandstone under high-voltage pulses, a series of experiments was conducted using a high-voltage pulse discharge device on sandstone circular disc specimens of sandstone with a thickness of 10 mm. These experiments covered a range of disc diameters ranging from 50 mm to 142 mm and discharge voltages from 15 kV to 40 kV. Through these experiments, the fracture characteristics of sandstone at both macroscopic and microscopic levels were investigated. In the experiments, a quantitative analysis of surface fracture was undertaken based on fracture density and fractal damage. Additionally, using the principle of energy equivalence, numerical simulation methods were used to study the damage evolution process in sandstone. The research results indicate that the formation and distribution of fractures in the sandstone specimens are significantly affected by geometrical size and discharge voltage. By analyzing the interaction between stress waves and fracture propagation, combined with indoor experimental results, the fracture mechanism was revealed. The high temperature and shock wave generated by the plasma channel leads to the crushing zone near the electrode, while the circumferential tensile component of the stress wave can result in radial fractures, and the reflected tensile wave leads to circumferential and radial fractures near the boundary.",
+        "output": "Study on fracture characteristics and mechanisms of red sandstone under high-voltage pulse discharge",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over 150 preserved stumps around five Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene archaeological campsites (12,800 to 11,200 cal BP) show that trees were key features in the creation of everyday habitats for the first inhabitants of the Atacama Desert. At two of these sites, QM12 and QM35, the spatial and chronological correlation between trees and hearths reveals that people located their homes under the tree canopy. At residential site QM35, artifact distribution coincides with a grove dated to ~11,600 to 11,200 cal BP. A third residential area (QM32) occurred along the grove margins ~12,000 to 11,200 cal BP. Based on the distinct cultural material of these two camps, we propose that two different groups intermittently shared this rich wetland-grove environment. The tree taxa suggest a preference for the native Schinus molle, a tree scarcely present on the landscape today, over the endemic, nitrogen-fixing Strombocarpa tamarugo, both for toolmaking and firewood and even though the S. tamarugo was locally more abundant. Together with the spatial and chronological coincidence of campsites, hearths, and trees, we propose that people spared the most abundant and resilient species to create their homes, in turn promoting fertility oases amid the Atacama's hyperaridity.",
-        "output": "The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with kidney failure, and their risk of cardiovascular events is 10 to 20 times higher as compared with the general population.METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 508822 patients who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014 using the United States Renal Data System with linked Medicare claims. We determined hospitalization rates for cardiovascular events, defined by acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke. We examined the association of sex with outcome of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death using adjusted time-to-event models. The mean age was 70\u00b112years and 44.7% were women. The cardiovascular event rate was 232 per thousand person-years (95% CI, 231-233), with a higher rate in women than in men (248 per thousand person-years [95% CI, 247-250] versus 219 per thousand person-years [95% CI, 217-220]). Women had a 14% higher risk of cardiovascular events than men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.13-1.16]). Women had a 16% higher risk of heart failure (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.15-1.18]), a 31% higher risk of stroke (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.28-1.34]), and no difference in risk of acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.99-1.03]). Women had a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.88-0.90]) and a lower risk of all-cause death than men (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95-0.97]).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing dialysis, women have a higher risk of cardiovascular events of heart failure and stroke than men. Women have a lower adjusted risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.",
+        "output": "Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Kidney Failure.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study empirically examined the relationship between energy-focused climate policies (EFC) and trade (TR) in 65 of the world's top renewable energy generation countries using data ranging from 1995 to 2022. The crosssectional augmented distributed lags (CS-DL) results revealed positive effects of EFC on both employment and economic growth. It also proves the positive effects of both employment and economic growth on trade. The Dumitrescu Hurlin test confirmed the feedback causality within indirect effects. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) allowed us to show that employment and economic growth mediate the EFC and TR. All the SEM results were robust due to the positive heterogeneous effects obtained from panel quantile regression. The results also confirmed the presence of heterogeneous effects of EFC and TR on clean energy poverty. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting more incentives, investment, and monitoring in renewable energy resource infrastructure, carbon finance, and energy efficiency to promote trade and reduce clean energy poverty in the long run.",
-        "output": "Energy-focused green climate policies and trade nexus:Do heterogeneous effects on clean energy poverty matter?",
+        "input": "The Rainwater Harvesting Tool is a publicly available web-based geographic information system tool. It was developed using geospatial analysis in combination with historic zone improvement plan (ZIP) Code-level monthly average precipitation and evapotranspiration data across the US to help select potential locations for harvesting rainwater. Rainwater harvesting can provide a key alternative water source for a variety of uses, including landscape irrigation, vehicle washing, cooling tower make-up, dust suppression, and toilet flushing. Rainwater harvesting can help to diversify water sources for institutional, commercial, and residential buildings and offset the use of treated potable water. This tool aims to help organizations strategically target locations in which to implement rainwater harvesting systems. The metric used in the tool is called the rainwater harvesting potential, which is a normalized metric. The rainwater harvesting potential describes the amount of rainwater that reasonably can be collected and stored at a specific location. This metric was used to rank areas delineated by ZIP Codes across the US from lowest to highest to show the relative availability of rainwater for harvesting. Two mapping layers are included in the tool: a layer that shows the general year-round rainwater harvesting potential, and a layer that specifically shows the potential for harvesting rainwater to supply irrigation water. The Rainwater Harvesting Tool allows users to view the overall trends across the US and view the data at a scale at which the ZIP Code boundaries are clearly delineated. The tool can be used to help organizations with buildings located in multiple regions to strategically identify where to install rainwater harvesting systems and prioritize locations that may be optimal for rainwater harvesting.The Rainwater Harvesting Tool is a web-based geographic information system tool, which is free and available to the public. The tool presents the rainwater harvesting potential across the US to help determine locations that are potentially good candidates for harvesting rainwater and capable of meeting the water demands of institutional, commercial, and residential buildings. Rainwater can supply water for irrigation, cooling towers, vehicle washing, toilet flushing, and so forth, and offsets the use of treated potable water. The tool contains two mapping layers. The first shows the general potential for capturing rainwater and indicates the relative ability of a given location to collect rainwater throughout the year for beneficial use. The second identifies areas with favorable precipitation patterns for collecting rainwater during the irrigation season. The Rainwater Harvesting Tool provides interactive functions within a single browser session. Users enter specific locations (by ZIP Code), and the tool outputs a relative rank of the harvesting potential. The amount of rain potentially harvested each month also is provided. This portfolio planning, decision support tool can be utilized by organizations to target locations that are most conducive for rainwater harvesting across many locations.",
+        "output": "Geographic Information System Mapping Tool for Rainwater Harvesting in the United States",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Studies of the determinants of emigration from Europe from 1850 to 1913 include the gains to migrants but often neglect the costs. One component of those costs is earnings forgone on the voyage. In this paper, I present new data on the voyage times for emigrants from the UK traveling to the United States and to Australia. Between 1853-7 and 1909-13 the voyage time from Liverpool to New York fell from 38 days to just 8 days (or 79 per cent). Over the same years, the emigrant voyage to Sydney fell by more in absolute terms, from 105 days to 46, but by less in relative terms (56 per cent). Differences in profiles of travel times are explained with a focus on the transition from sailing to steam ships and (for Australia) the use of the Suez Canal. Data series for fare prices and foregone wage costs during transit are combined to create new series on the 'total' cost of emigrant voyages. Econometric analysis of the determinants of UK emigration to the United States, Canada, and Australia supports the view that time costs mattered.",
-        "output": "Emigrant voyages from the UK to North America and Australasia, 1853-1913",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia.METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.RESULTS: Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs' positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses' negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programmeConclusion:The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum.Contribution:These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme.",
+        "output": "Experiences and challenges of enrolled nurses undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science programme in Namibia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LOS GATOS, CA - Atomera Incorporated (NASDAQ:ATOM), a company specializing in semiconductor materials and licensing technology, announced today an increase in its fourth-quarter 2023 revenue forecast to approximately $500,000. This revised figure surpasses the company's previous revenue guidance, which ranged from $300,000 to $350,000.The upward revision comes after Atomera achieved a key revenue milestone in late December under its first commercial license agreement. This milestone was reached when the customer approved the MST (Mears Silicon Technology\u2122) process following the successful validation of MST film deposition on an Epi tool within their facility. This acceptance indicates that the customer can now independently manufacture wafers with MST, which is expected to expedite development and shorten the timeline to mass production and subsequent royalties for Atomera.Scott Bibaud, President and CEO of Atomera, stated, \"Our first commercial licensee was able to complete installation of our technology and independently validate MST film quality just weeks after receiving our recipe.\" He noted that this development brings the licensee closer to the commercial distribution of MST-enabled products and demonstrates Atomera's role in enhancing transistor performance and advancing the semiconductor industry.Atomera's MST technology is designed to improve performance and power efficiency in semiconductor transistors and can be integrated using existing semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The technology is positioned as complementary to other nano-scaling technologies within the industry's roadmap.This news is based on a press release statement from Atomera Incorporated.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Atomoera Inc. (NASDAQ:ATOM) increased its Q4 2023 revenue forecast to $500,000, surpassing the previous guidance of $300,000-$350,000, due to a key revenue milestone achieved under its first commercial license agreement.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The importance of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic is widely acknowledged. The aim of this study was (1) to understand how one's vaccine conspiracy beliefs would influence their public health news processing, (2) to examine how specific public health news features (i.e., news frame) would influence message processing, and (3) to examine if there were any differences between Black and White participants in their message processing.METHODS: A nationwide online experiment (N=821) with a 3 (vaccine conspiracy beliefs: high vs. moderate vs. low)*2 (participants' race: Black vs. White)*2 (news frames: gain vs. loss) mixed-factorial design was conducted in the United States.RESULTS: Participants' level of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was predictive of their responses to outcome measures. Additionally, Black participants reported higher perceived message effectiveness, more favorable attitudes toward the message, and higher vaccination intentions than White participants. Furthermore, health news that emphasized vaccination benefits produced more favorable attitudes than those emphasizing losses associated with non-vaccination, especially for White participants. Lastly, participants reported more favorable attitudes toward gain-framed health news regardless of their vaccine conspiracy beliefs.CONCLUSION: It is crucial for health officials to work to find effective media message strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and misinformation. Furthermore, this study supports the significance of health organizations' ongoing efforts to tailor public health messaging to specific racial groups, as evidenced by considerable variations in perceptions among Black and White Americans.",
+        "output": "COVID-19 vaccination communication: Effects of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and message framing among black and white participants.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Oil prices rose more than 2% on Wednesday ahead of the keenly watched meeting of the U.S. central bank for clues on interest rate policy, while the conflict in the Middle East remains in focus.Brent January crude futures were up about 2.5%, or $2.08, to $87.10 a barrel by 1316 GMT. U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures gained roughly 2.8%, or $2.24, to $83.26 a barrel.The Fed, which will end its meeting on Wednesday, is widely expected to hold rates steady.In Europe, October inflation in the Euro zone was at its lowest level in two years, a Eurostat flash reading showed, leading to expectations the European Central Bank is unlikely to hike interest rates soon. The Bank of England is expected to meet on Thursday.Interest rate hikes aimed at taming inflation can slow economic growth and dampen oil demand.In China - the world's largest oil importer - factory activity unexpectedly contracted in October, a private survey showed on Wednesday, adding to downbeat official figures from a day earlier and raising questions over its fragile economic recovery.Oil prices on Tuesday settled lower on record U.S. crude production and gloomy economic data from China, as well as signs that despite the escalation of conflict in the Middle East no obvious disruption to oil supplies has so far occured.In Gaza, a first group of injured people were evacuated to Egypt on Wednesday, a source and Egyptian media said, as Israeli forces pressed on in their battle against Hamas militants.Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Wednesday called on Muslim states to cease oil and food exports to Israel, demanding an end to its bombardment of the Gaza Strip, state media reported.If there is no escalation or other threat to output from the war, said Callum Macpherson, head of commodities at Investec, \"oil may struggle to sustain prices around recent highs without support from OPEC+ into 2024, making their meeting later this month crucial.\"(Reporting by Natalie Grover in London, Mohi Narayan in New Delhi and Emily Chow in Singapore; editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman, Jason Neely and Louise Heavens)",
-        "output": "Oil prices rose over 2% on Wednesday due to the upcoming Fed meeting and ongoing Middle East conflict, despite concerns about slowing economic growth in China and Europe. The Fed is expected to hold rates steady, while the ECB and Bank of England are unlikely to hike rates soon.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.",
+        "output": "Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: While political polarization in policy opinions, preferences, and observance is well established, little is known about whether and how such divisions evolve, and possibly attenuate, over time. Using the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil as the backdrop, we examine the longitudinal evolution of a highly relevant and polarizing policy: adherence to the COVID-19 vaccination.METHODS: Studies 1 (N=3346) and 2 (N=10,214) use nationwide surveys to document initial differences and subsequent changes in vaccination adherence between conservatives (Bolsonaristas) and non-conservatives (non-Bolsonaristas). Study 3 (N=742) uses an original dataset to investigate belief changes among conservatives and their association with asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence.RESULTS: Despite substantial differences at the early stages of rollout, the gap in vaccination adherence between conservatives and non-conservatives significantly decreased with the passage of time, driven essentially by a much faster uptake among the initially most skeptic-the conservatives. Study 3 demonstrates that the asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence were associated with meaningful belief changes among the conservatives, especially about the perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines and the expected adherence of peers to the vaccination campaign.CONCLUSIONS: Together, these studies show that, in a context where the superiority of the promoted policy becomes clear over time and individuals have the opportunity to revisit prior beliefs, even intense political polarization can be attenuated.",
-        "output": "Longitudinal attenuation in political polarization: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccination adherence in Brazil.",
+        "input": "This research paper investigates the confrontation faced by the Gamela indigenous community, located in the Cerrado biome, in the southern region Piau & iacute; State in Norteastern Brazil, between agrarian issues and agribusiness. The territory in this area is considered to be the country's last agricultural frontier. Self-recognition and self-organization of the Gamela people in their struggle for the demarcation of Indigenous territory, and gaining titles to the land, are key to overcoming the invisibility of Indigenous people in Piau & iacute; that has been imposed by historiography and official policies. The article highlights the existence of maneuvering done by agribusiness, with the participation of the state, to harm the rights of Indigenous peoples and nature.Este trabalho de pesquisa examina o confronto enfrentado pela comunidade ind & iacute;gena Gamela, localizada no bioma do Cerrado, regi & atilde;o sul do estado do Piau & iacute;, no Nordeste do Brasil, entre as quest & otilde;es agr & aacute;rias e o agroneg & oacute;cio. O territ & oacute;rio desta & aacute;rea & eacute; considerado a & uacute;ltima fronteira agr & iacute;cola do pa & iacute;s. O autorreconhecimento e a auto-organiza & ccedil;& atilde;o do povo Gamela em sua luta pela demarca & ccedil;& atilde;o do territ & oacute;rio ind & iacute;gena e pela conquista de t & iacute;tulos de terra s & atilde;o fundamentais para superar a invisibilidade dos povos ind & iacute;genas no Piau & iacute; que tem sido imposta pela historiografia e pelas pol & iacute;ticas oficiais. O artigo destaca a exist & ecirc;ncia de manobras do agroneg & oacute;cio, com a participa & ccedil;& atilde;o do Estado, para prejudicar os direitos dos povos ind & iacute;genas e da natureza.",
+        "output": "The Last Agricultural Frontier - Piau\u00ed, Brazil: Agrarian Issues, Agribusiness, and the Gamela Indigenous Territory",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The collapse of a state during crises, such as large-scale wars, demands effective preventive measures. The 2014 military aggression by Russia in Ukraine triggered profound changes and emphasised the importance of strategic responses. So, the cutoff of Russian aggression was facilitated by the coordinated interaction of state authorities and local government and the increased autonomy of local government at the grassroots level, as a result of the successful decentralisation reform in Ukraine. After the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the local government played a vital role in sustaining Ukrainian cities and villages. This paper examines local government operations in active conflict zones and during occupation, assessing their preparedness for military actions. It delves into the unique challenges faced and necessary post-war adjustments. Through in-depth interviews in the war-affected Kharkiv region and secondary sources, we illuminate crisis management within local government during wartime in Ukraine. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of local government bodies in addressing the issues of local residents during a wartime crisis.",
-        "output": "Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine",
+        "input": "This paper analyzes how a structure of Weberian rational domination has been built and consolidated in Spain since 1959, the year when the so-called Economic Stabilization Plan was approved. This sort of economic constitution represents one of the most important foundations of a technocratic regime that survived the death of a dictator (General Francisco Franco), not only transcending the traditional differentiations between autocratic and democratic regimes but also offering a different perspective to the debate about the degree of continuity and rupture attained by the Spanish political transition in the 1970s. We analyze the institutions, leadership, most influential networks, political discourse, and historical myths through a theory of power and elites to examine the Spanish case. With this remarkable example of structural transformation and institutional resilience over decades, we also propose a more complex and multidimensional approach that could be fruitful to understanding some of the problems of political representation that current democracies are undergoing.",
+        "output": "A Formula to Save Us (From Ourselves): Continuity and Change in the Spanish Legal Domination System (1959-2024)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN FRANCISCO - Bitfinity, a blockchain technology firm, has successfully raised $7 million in a funding round led by prominent investors including Polychain Capital and ParaFi Capital. The company is at the forefront of developing a sidechain that will bridge the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with Bitcoin, utilizing the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) to enhance decentralized finance (DeFi) operations and expand smart contract functionalities for Bitcoin assets.The innovative platform is currently in its testnet phase, aiming to revolutionize the DeFi space by enabling high-speed transactions at a fraction of the cost associated with Ethereum. Bitfinity's solution boasts an impressive capability of processing over 1000 transactions per second (TPS), which could significantly outpace the current transaction speeds on the Ethereum network.A key component of Bitfinity's technology is its Chain-Key technology, which is part of the ICP's Threshold Relay consensus mechanism. This feature is designed to bolster security through a cryptographic scheme that refreshes key shares periodically, thus providing an additional layer of protection against potential security threats.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Bitfinity, a blockchain technology firm, has raised $7 million to develop a sidechain that will bridge the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with Bitcoin, utilizing the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) to enhance DeFi operations and expand smart contract functionalities for Bitcoin assets. The platform is currently in its testnet phase and aims to revolutionize the DeFi space by enabling high-speed transactions at a fraction of the cost associated with Ethereum, with an impressive capability of processing over 1000 transactions per second (TPS).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The transition of Agri-Food Supply Chains (AFSC) toward sustainable patterns able to secure safe, quality, and affordable food whilst preserving natural and anthropogenic ecosystems is a key challenge of this century. Increasing production and distribution operations' transparency and impact visibility uncovers hidden complexities and the food ecosystem's externalities. To this attempt, this paper introduces a novel Agri-Food Supply Chain digital twin (AFSC-DT) able to virtualize the agricultural, processing, warehousing, and distribution operations holistically from-field-to-consumer and estimate economic, logistic, environmental, safety, and nutritional indicators associated with any food order, assumed as the functional unit. The AFSC-DT behaves as a control tower, providing a multi-dimensional dashboard of indicators and labels to enhance practitioners' and consumers' knowledge of FSC entities and operations. The practitioner's visibility drives top-down operational and tactical feedback controls through real-time monitoring and a-posteriori multi-dimensional performance analysis, whilst consumers, with their informed choices, perform a strategic bottom-up pressure on the food industry toward a sustainable redesign. A what-if simulation analysis conducted over four virtual scenarios within a regional horticultural AFSC proves how the AFSC-DT aids informed decision-making across the AFSC echelons, stimulating a virtuous cycle and favoring a progressive transition toward more sustainable patterns.",
+        "output": "Virtual agri-food supply chains: A holistic digital twin for sustainable food ecosystem design, control and transparency",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Seoul, Jan 11 (IANS) South Korea's trade commission said on Thursday it will launch a probe into alleged patent infringement involving a China-made smartphone battery and battery material.The Korea Trade Commission (KTC) said it plans to look into whether the patent by LG Chem Ltd.'s cathode material utilized in battery production, known as NCM811, was infringed by three Chinese firms and a local importer.The material is a mix of nickel, cobalt and manganese, used to improve the power capacity of batteries, reports Yonhap news agency.The commission is also set to investigate a petition submitted by the Semiconductor Energy Laboratory, a Japan-based entity, which claimed a battery patent infringement by a Chinese smartphone sold in South Korea.The agency, however, did not reveal the name of the Chinese brand.In a separate move, the commission launched an anti-dumping investigation into Chinese PET resins imported here following the claim filed by TK Chemical Corp.The material is used in the production of bottles, food packages and other industrial areas. The commission said it plans to come up with a preliminary ruling by June.--IANS",
-        "output": "South Korea's trade commission will investigate alleged patent infringement involving a China-made smartphone battery and battery material, as well as anti-dumping of Chinese PET resins.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Creating environmentally sustainable healthcare culture within the dental field requires embedding the content in the dental curriculum at the undergraduate level. This study aimed to explore the current awareness and drivers among dental students and educators regarding environmentally sustainable dentistry (ESD) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and identify barriers and enablers to embrace it.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using online questionnaires was carried out in six undergraduate dental education institutes within the UAE. Data analysis included descriptive statistics.RESULTS: In total 153 students and 53 educators participated in the survey. Most students and educators were not aware of any ESD content in their curricula. However, the majority of educators were familiar with the concept of ESD, while students were mostly unfamiliar or slightly familiar. Nonetheless, students largely agreed on its importance and their interest in learning it, as they viewed it relevant to their future practice. Educators agreed that the dental profession has a responsibility to be environmentally friendly and expressed their desire in introducing ESD content into the curricula. Several barriers were reported such as lack of knowledge, curricula space, educational resources, and time. Meanwhile, enablers included providing ESD capacity building, training and resources.CONCLUSIONS: There was no explicit presence of ESD content in the dental curricula in the UAE. Despite the lack of adequate awareness on this topic among educators and more so among students, they both had positive views towards incorporating ESD into dental curricula. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of promoting ESD in dental programs.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ESD is gradually becoming a critical aspect of modern oral healthcare system. It has been mandated in the dental curricula in several regions globally. Embedding ESD in the UAE dental curricula would have several benefits for the environment as well as the future of the dental profession in the region. The clinical significance includes, but not limited to, improved treatment outcomes; patients, students and staff health and well-being; reduced health risks, and cost savings.",
+        "output": "Exploring environmental sustainability in dentistry among students and educators in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional survey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New York, Jan 11 (IANS) Inflation in the US rose more than expected in December thanks to a jump in energy and housing costs, underscoring the challenge of taming price pressures within the economy, reports said.The Labor Department said on Thursday that the consumer price index, a broad measure of the price of everyday goods including gasoline, groceries and rent, rose 0.3 per cent in December from the previous month, more than expected. Fox Business reported.Prices climbed 3.4 per cent from the same time last year, coming in above both the expectation from Refinitiv economists and the 3.1 per cent gain recorded in November, it added.Other parts of the report indicated that inflation is continuing to retreat, albeit slowly.Core prices, which exclude the more volatile measurements of food and energy, climbed 0.3 per cent, or 3.9 per cent annually. Both of those figures are slightly higher than estimates; however, it marked the first time since May 2021 that core inflation fell below 4 per cent.Altogether, the report painted a picture of extremely stubborn inflation that has been slow to retreat, even as the Federal Reserve hiked interest rates to the highest level in two decades.The report indicates that while inflation has fallen considerably from a peak of 9.1 per cent, it remains well above the Federal Reserve's 2 per cent target, Fox Business reported.\"Today\u2019s inflation report reinforces the notion that the market had gotten a little overexcited around the timing of rate cuts,\" said Seema Shah, chief global strategist at Principal Asset Management. \"These are not bad numbers, but they do show that disinflation progress is still slow and unlikely to be a straight line down to 2 per cent.\"--IANS",
-        "output": "Inflation in the US rose more than expected in December, with a 0.3% increase from the previous month and a 3.4% increase from the same time last year, driven by higher energy and housing costs. Core prices, excluding food and energy, also climbed 0.3%, indicating that inflation remains stubbornly high despite the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article considers the morality of children's activism, in particular via participation in political protests. In Section 3 of the article I consider whether children can be competent to engage in activism. I argue that even if we believe children are not competent to vote it will still be true that many children are indeed competent to engage in activism. In Section 4 I consider the wellbeing effects of activism on children. I argue that political activity stands in tension with achieving the intrinsic goods of childhood, meaning there is an important sense in which activism is bad for children. However, I show that these negative outcomes flow from being made aware of the injustices in society, and that for politicised children activism is often highly beneficial.",
+        "output": "The Minors Strike: Reflections on the Limits and Legitimacy of Children's Political Action",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Nutritional status is one of the most important causes of improper physical and mental development in children. The study attempts to assess the factors affecting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition based on the weight-for-age anthropometric index (z-score) and examine between-kebeles-level differences in determinants of the nutritional status of children. A community-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 12 to November 12, 2022. A sample of 397 children aged 6-59months primary data by applying multi-stage clustered sampling technique was used by considering their heterogeneity. The data were entered by SPSS and analyzed by using R version 3.4.0 and STATA 14.2 statistical software package using a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model and inferences were conducted at a 5% significance level. The results show that birth interval\u226524months (OR=1.431253, 95% CI 1.221337 1.6763421, P-value=0.008), economic status of households medium (OR=16.21466, 95% CI 1.221403 1.423929, P-value=0.000), economic status of households rich (OR=223.2856, 95% CI 1.34295 2.582325, P-value=0.000), employment status of the mother unemployed (OR=0.2291348, 95% CI 0.0529511 0.9966281, P-value=0.049), No toilet facility (bush field) (OR=0.3163329, 95% CI 0.1825356 0.5481975, P-value=0.000), number of household members (OR=0.9100682, 95% CI 0.8313481 0.9967315, P-value=0.042), breastfeeding<12months (OR=0.53803, 95% CI 0.322315 0.898135, P-value=0.018), educational level of father Primary (OR=4.601687, 95% CI 1.758009 2.22053, P-value=0.000), educational level of father Secondary above (OR=99.65229, 95% CI 2.533502 4.788896, P-value=0.000) and geographical area (kebeles) were found to be important factors that affect a child's nutritional status between 6 and 59months. 15% of the overall variation is attributable to the Kebeles level, according to two-level multilevel ordinal logistic regressions with estimates of the variation attributable to the Kebeles level equal to 0.569 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.15. Due to the nature of the response variable random intercept model with random coefficients fitted the data adequately in predicting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition for the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model analysis. So, the researcher recommended that implementing primary health care and nutrition programs that would fit each kebeles' features in Itang Special Woreda to safeguard children from nutritional deficiency.",
-        "output": "Determinants of nutritional status of children aged 6-59months in the case of Itang special woreda, Gambella, Ethiopia.",
+        "input": "Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) in gynaecology has undergone exponential growth in recent decades, with utility in treating both benign and malignant gynaecological conditions. The technological complexities and amended theatre dynamics that RAS demands mean that effective non-technical skills (NTS) are vitally important to overcome these unique challenges. However, NTS have been neglected in RAS-training programmes with focus placed instead on the exclusive acquisition of technical skills (TS). NTS include teamwork, communication, leadership, situational awareness, decision-making and stress management. Communication is the most frequently cited NTS impacted during RAS, as the physical limitations imposed by the robotic hardware make communication exchange difficult. The full immersion that RAS enables can contribute to situational awareness deficits. However, RAS can complement communication and teamwork when multidisciplinary (MDT) surgeries (such as complex endometriosis excisions) are undertaken; dual-console capabilities facilitate the involvement of specialties such as general surgery and urology. The development of NTS in RAS cannot be achieved with in-situ experience alone, and current training is poorly standardised. RAS-training programmes and curricula for gynaecology do exist, however the integration of NTS remain limited. Simulation is a viable tool to facilitate enhanced-NTS integration, yet cost implications form a barrier to its wider implementation. However, given that RAS will continue to occupy a greater proportion of the gynaecological caseload, integration of NTS within gynaecological RAS training curricula is necessary. Patients undergoing gynaecological RAS would benefit from the improved safety standards and enhanced surgical outcomes that would result.",
+        "output": "The importance of non-technical skills in robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In his massive two-volume monograph Reincarnation and Biology, Ian Stevenson included 75 cases with birthmarks and birth defects affecting the head and neck region of the human body. The present paper provides details of these 75 cases and compares them to 19 similar cases Laura Borges Kirschnick and colleagues found in a systematic review of journal publications. The reports in Stevenson's book are shown to be considerably longer (with a mean of 9 pages vs. 2.1 pages) and more detailed than those considered by Kirschnick etal. Moreover, the cases reported in journals were found not to be representative of those reported in Reincarnation and Biology on several variables. Reincarnation research is unusual among scientific disciplines in its use of book publications and Stevenson's books remain essential resources for the field. Literature reviews in this domain would therefore do well to take into account scholarly books as well as journals. A trustworthiness scale for reincarnation case studies is proposed as an assist to researchers in the construction of study samples.",
-        "output": "Birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region and claims of past-life memories: Cases in Ian Stevenson's Reincarnation and Biology.",
+        "input": "This study assessed the staffing allocations and associated costs incurred by Ohio local health departments (LHDs) in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were extracted from the annual financial reports of Ohio LHDs for 2020 and 2021, encompassing a sample of 38 LHDs in 2020 and 60 LHDs in 2021. Descriptive analysis showed that Ohio LHDs committed substantial resources to responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there was considerable variability across LHDs, median staffing and compensation collectively constituted 22% of total staffing and compensation. Multivariate regression analysis found minimal associations between the examined agency and community-level variables and the differences in staffing allocations and associated costs incurred by LHDs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. After decades of underfunding and understaffing, securing sustainable funding will be crucial to equip LHDs across the country with the necessary resources to deliver comprehensive public health services in their communities.",
+        "output": "Estimating the Cost of the COVID-19 Response for Local Health Departments: Evidence From Ohio.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "FRANKLIN, Tenn. \u2013   Acadia Healthcare   (NASDAQ:ACHC) Company, Inc. (NASDAQ: ACHC) and Ascension Seton have announced a joint venture that will enhance behavioral healthcare services in Austin, Texas. The collaboration aims to extend Acadia's operations at Cross Creek Hospital by adding a 106-bed facility, raising the total to 196 beds when it opens in late 2024.The planned expansion is in line with both organizations' commitment to providing high-quality, compassionate care. The new hospital, named Cross Creek Hospital together with Ascension Seton, will serve as a training site for medical students and residents from Dell (NYSE:DELL) Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin.This marks the second venture between Acadia and Ascension, following the launch of Ascension Saint Thomas Behavioral Health Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2020.Chris Hunter, CEO of Acadia Healthcare, expressed pride in strengthening their relationship with Ascension, emphasizing the partnership's role in delivering top-tier behavioral healthcare in Austin. Acadia currently boasts 21 joint venture partnerships, reflecting its strategy to broaden behavioral health access nationwide.Andy Davis, president and CEO of Ascension Texas, highlighted the joint venture's potential to be a vital community asset, especially for vulnerable populations, by combining the strengths of both entities to enhance regional behavioral health services.Acadia Healthcare is the largest independent provider of behavioral healthcare services in the U.S., with 253 facilities and approximately 11,100 beds across 39 states and Puerto Rico. Ascension Texas, part of one of the country's leading non-profit and Catholic health systems, operates several healthcare institutions, including the only comprehensive children's hospital in the region.The information in this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Acadia Healthcare and Ascension Seton are collaborating to expand behavioral healthcare services in Austin, Texas, by adding a 106-bed facility to Cross Creek Hospital, bringing the total to 196 beds upon its opening in late 2024. This joint venture aims to enhance access to high-quality care and serve as a training site for medical students and residents from Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
+        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HOUSTON - Occidental (NYSE: NYSE:OXY), an international energy company, announced it will release its fourth quarter financial results for 2023 after the market closes on February 14, 2024. Following the announcement, the company will host a conference call on February 15, 2024, at 1 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss the results.Investors and interested parties can access the call by dialing a provided number for domestic or international callers or through a webcast on the company's investor relations website. Pre-registration for the conference call is available through a specified link. Occidental has indicated that the financial results will be accessible on the Investor Relations section of their website, and a recording of the webcast will be posted shortly after the call concludes.Occidental has a significant presence in the oil and gas industry, being one of the largest producers in the United States, particularly in the Permian and DJ basins, as well as the offshore Gulf of Mexico. The company's operations extend beyond exploration and production. Its midstream and marketing segment focuses on ensuring the flow and maximizing the value of its oil and gas outputs. Additionally, Occidental's chemical subsidiary, OxyChem, produces essential chemicals for various life-enhancing products.The company is also involved in environmental initiatives through its Oxy Low Carbon Ventures subsidiary, which seeks to develop technologies and business solutions aimed at reducing emissions and contributing to a lower-carbon world.This announcement is based on a press release statement from Occidental. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Occidental Petroleum (OXY) will release its Q4 2023 financial results on February 14, 2024, after market close, followed by a conference call on February 15, 2024, at 1 p.m. ET. The company is a major oil and gas producer in the U.S., particularly in the Permian and DJ basins, and the offshore Gulf of Mexico.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Wooden shipwrecks submerged in underwater environments are susceptible to physical and biological corrosion. This study investigates the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEMEDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), were employed to analyze the corrosion processes. The findings have unveiled a distinct pattern of black corrosion, prominently concentrated within the interface region where barnacles attach to the wooden shipwreck. This corrosion primarily consists of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3 S4 and exhibits a notable tendency to expand along the wooden surface to interior region. Additionally, a striking ultraviolet fluorescence phenomenon emanates from the barnacle cement within the adhesion region of barnacles and the wooden surface. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the origin of this black corrosion is intricately linked to the barnacle cement, its role in biological corrosion, and subsequent biomineralization processes. To conclude, this study provides an intricate account of the microbial corrosion process influenced by barnacle cement in the context of the wooden shipwreck. The research findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a point of reference in identifying the sources of disease and implementing protective measures for waterlogged wooden cultural relics. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Barnacle attachment and its corrosion effects on the surface of the Yangtze Estuary II Shipwreck",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.",
-        "output": "Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.",
+        "input": "Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.",
+        "output": "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Mahindra Lifespace Developers rallied 9.5 per cent to hit a fresh all-time high at Rs 587.75 on the BSE in Wednesday's intra-day trades on future growth optimism. The stock price of realty player from the Mahindra Group surpassed its previous high of Rs 550.75 recorded in September 2022.At 10:30 AM, the stock had pared some gains but was still up 5 per cent at Rs 564 on trades of around 97,000 shares as against the two-week average volume of around 20,000-odd shares. Meanwhile, the S&P BSE Sensex was up 0.5 per cent at 65,400.In its latest report dated August 26, 2023; Knight Frank India, a leading real estate consultancy in the country, in association of NAREDCO has projected that India\u2019s real estate sector is expected to expand to $5.8 trillion by 2047. This estimated real estate output value will contribute 15.5 per cent to the total economic output in 2047 from an existing share of 7.3 per cent.The report projections PE investments in Indian real estate to reach $5.6 billion, reflecting a YoY growth of 5.3 per cent in 2023.\"With India's GDP expected to reach $36.4 trillion by 2047, the private equity investments within the Indian real estate sector are projected to surge to $54.3 billion by 2047, signifying a CAGR of 9.5 per cent spanning 2023 to 2047.\", the release stated.Providing perspective on REITs, Knight Frank shared that the combined portfolio of Indian REITs encompasses 84.9 mn sq ft, with 75.9 mn sq ft dedicated to office assets and 9 mn sq ft to retail assets. Additionally, there is ongoing construction of approximately 21.3 mn sq ft within the REITs sector, projected to reach completion within 1-2 years.Meanwhile, the stock has witnessed a phenomenal rally on the bourses so far in FY24. It has zoomed 67 per cent as against 11 per cent gain on the BSE benchmark. For August alone, the stock was up 9 per cent, while the Sensex was down 1.7 per cent so far.On the earnings front, Mahindra Lifespace had reported a consolidated net loss of Rs 4.27 crore for Q1FY24 as against a net profit of Rs 75.70 crore in Q1FY23. Total income was up 6.2 per cent YoY at Rs 110.05 crore from Rs 117.34 crore.Brokerage firm ICICI Direct has a 'Buy' rating on the stock with a target price of Rs 650 per share. In its research report it said, Mahindra Lifespace Developers strong parentage, management's focus on expanding its overall scale of operation and a comfortable balance sheet, were their key strengths.\"The key highlight of Q1FY24 was ambitious business growth by the new CEO. The new CEO Amit Sinha (erstwhile Mahindra Group strategy President) has outlined ambitious business growth of ~5x over the next 5 years from ~Rs 2,268 crore of resi and IC business sales to Rs 8,000 - 1,000 crore by FY28.\" ICICI Direct said in its report.",
-        "output": "Mahindra Lifespace Developers' shares surged 9.5% to an all-time high of Rs 587.75 on optimism about future growth, driven by projections of India's real estate sector expanding to $5.8 trillion by 2047, with PE investments expected to reach $5.6 billion in 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this paper I analyze the work on exchange rates and external imbalances by University of Chicago faculty members during the university's first 100 years, 1892 to 1992. Many people associate Chicago's views with Milton Friedman's advocacy for flexible exchange rates. But, of course, there was much more than that, including the work of J. Laurence Laughlin on bimetallism, Jacob Viner on the balance of payments, Lloyd Metzler on transfers, Harry Johnson on trade and currencies, Lloyd Mints on exchange rate regimes, Robert Mundell on optimal currency areas, and Arnold Harberger on shadow exchange rates, among others. The analysis shows that, although different scholars emphasized different issues, there was a common thread in this research, anchored on the role of relative prices' changes during the adjustment process.",
+        "output": "ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO: 1892-1992",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Equity investments continued to be the preferred route for investors in H1FY24, said Shobhit Agarwal, managing director and chief executive officer, Anarock Capital.The share of equity rose to 89 per cent in H1FY24 from 78 per cent in H1FY23.The top 10 deals accounted for 95 per cent of the total value of PE investments in H1FY24 compared to 81 per cent in H1FY23.Office assets dominated large-ticket equity investments in H1FY24. This can be attributed to continued preference by investors in Grade-A office assets with quality tenants.Meanwhile, data centres are emerging as a new asset class for investment with a value of $73 million. Residential real estate continued to be an attractive destination for debt investments in H1FY24, Anarock added.Multi-city transactions have increased sharply during H1FY24, dominated by the Brookfield India REIT & GIC of Singapore. Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) led the transaction league tables in city-specific transactions, reporting investments of $543 million in H1FY24, compared to $307 million in H1FY23.",
-        "output": "Equity investments dominated H1FY24, with a 89% share, driven by large-ticket office asset investments and the emergence of data centers as a new asset class. Residential real estate remained attractive for debt investments, while multi-city transactions increased, with MMR leading city-specific investments.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Telemedicine, despite its longstanding presence, has emerged as a valuable resource amidst health crises. Yet, research on individuals' willingness to embrace telemedicine in such circumstances remains scarce. This article employs the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability theory to construct a novel framework for investigating how motivational, opportunity-related, and ability-related factors influence individuals' intention to use telemedicine during a health crisis. A sample of 468 respondents from Indonesia participated in an online survey. The data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling and the Hayes PROCESS macro. The findings revealed that contamination avoidance, telemedicine usability, and privacy concerns significantly influence the intention to use telemedicine services. Moreover, the findings also confirmed the moderated moderating effect of e-health literacy and technology optimism on the relationship between contamination avoidance and intention to use telemedicine services. By deepening our understanding of the factors shaping individuals' intention to use telemedicine services, this study makes valuable academic contributions to the field of telemedicine adoption literature. Additionally, it provides practical insights for telemedicine providers aiming to enhance individuals' intention to use telemedicine services during critical health situations.",
+        "output": "Intention to use telemedicine services during a health crisis: A motivation-opportunity-ability theory approach",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The rating agency said it understands that both the lead bankers have now agreed on the security sharing and the documentation is under process. Availability of the aforesaid working capital limits in a timely manner is critical to facilitate business growth for the balance part of FY24 and thus would continue to remain key rating monitorable.The rating also factors in the crystallisation of un-envisaged indemnity liability, amounting to Rs 343 crore, towards Sterling and Wilson Renewable Energy Limited which is due by November 30, 2023. SPCPL has said the indemnity payment shall be met by promoters of SPCPL. The payment is expected to be made within the first week of December 2023.The liquidity of SPCPL also continues to remain stretched with high working capital days and significant debt repayment obligation over the next two years. On a standalone basis, SPCPL has to repay Rs 1,500 crore term debt within three years of first disbursement (i.e. by FY25) and has repaid Rs 382 crore as on September 30, 2023. The balance repayment is contingent upon monetisation of assets including stake sale in Sterling and Wilson Renewable Energy Limited (SWREL).In view of the weak operational performance of SPCPL, timely infusion of funds from promoters is crucial in case of any shortfall in the anticipated monetisation as well as any envisaged liabilities arising.The ratings continue to derive strength from the long-established track record of the Shapoorji Pallonji (SP) group in the infrastructure creation space, demonstrated project execution capabilities, healthy and diversified order book position providing medium-term revenue visibility.",
-        "output": "SPCPL's ratings are impacted by the delay in working capital limits, an unanticipated indemnity liability of Rs 343 crore due in November 2023, and stretched liquidity with high working capital days and significant debt repayment obligations over the next two years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Conflictual relations between language groups make Belgium a fruitful ground to study the interplay between historical knowledge, importance, collective memory and social identity related to historical events. This study compared German-speaking and French-speaking Belgians on the these dimensions for a historical event for which contrasted responses were expected, the centenary of Armistice on 11 November 2018. We also focused on generational differences by comparing senior, intermediate, and junior age cohorts. Results showed no generational differences but revealed that German-speakers construct their social identity differently than French-speakers. Namely, German-speaking Belgians integrated political with non-political events in their collective memory and relied more on school as source of knowledge and nationally relevant memories. In contrast, French-speaking Belgians relied on family and friends as source of knowledge, intertwined more personally and nationally relevant memories, and showed a strong association of national identity with the importance attributed to World War I.",
+        "output": "Historical knowledge, importance, social identity, and memory accessibility for World War I Armistice: Comparing French- and German-speaking Belgians",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Promoter entity of Sapphire Foods India Arinjaya (Mauritius) Ltd on Tuesday pared a 4.2 per cent stake in the restaurant operator for Rs 378 crore through an open market transaction.Sapphire Foods India Ltd (SFIL) is an omnichannel restaurant operator and the largest franchise of Yum Brands such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell etc in India and Sri Lanka.According to the bulk deal data available with the BSE, Arinjaya (Mauritius) Ltd offloaded 27 lakh shares, amounting to a 4.2 per cent stake in Sapphire Foods India.The shares were sold at an average price of Rs 1,400.01 apiece, taking the transaction value to Rs 378 crore.After the transaction, Arinjaya (Mauritius) Ltd's shareholding has declined to 3.79 per cent from 7.99 per cent in Sapphire Foods India.Meanwhile, the Singapore government acquired more than 20.19 lakh shares of Sapphire Foods India at the same price.Shares of Sapphire Foods India fell 1.67 per cent to close at Rs 1,422.50 apiece on the BSE.In another bulk deal on the NSE, private equity firm Fireside ventures divested a 1.9 per cent stake in Mamaearth's parent firm Honasa Consumer for Rs 230 crore through an open market transaction.Following the stake sale, shares of Honasa Consumer declined 4.41 per cent to close at Rs 367.15 apiece on the NSE.Fireside Ventures through its affiliate -- Fireside Ventures Investment Fund I -- offloaded 60,88,730 shares, representing a 1.9 per cent stake in Honasa Consumer Ltd, as per the data.The shares were disposed of at an average price of Rs 378 apiece, taking the aggregate deal size to Rs 230.15 crore.Norges Bank purchased 24,98,744 shares of Honsla Consumer at the same price.Honasa Consumer was founded in 2016 by Ghazal Alagh and her husband Varun Alagh. The beauty and personal care company launched the brand Mamaearth and added five more brands, including The Derma Co, Aqualogica, Ayuga, BBlunt, and Dr Sheth's.The Gurugram-based company built a 'House of Brands' architecture.",
-        "output": "Sapphire Foods India's promoter, Arinjaya (Mauritius) Ltd, sold a 4.2% stake for Rs 378 crore, while the Singapore government acquired over 20.19 lakh shares. In a separate transaction, Fireside Ventures divested a 1.9% stake in Honasa Consumer for Rs 230 crore, with Norges Bank acquiring 24,98,744 shares.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evidence relating maternal birth experience to a range of maternal and neonatal outcomes is increasingly compelling. Consequently valid and reliable self-report of birth experience from the mothers perspective is critical.AIM: The current study sought to translate and validate a Hungarian-language version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).METHOD: Following forward and backwards translation into Hungarian, the Hungarian BSS-R (HU-BSS-R) was administered to women in a major Transylvanian hospital maternity unit within 72 h postpartum. Key psychometric characteristics were then examined in relation to factor structure, divergent and convergent validity, internal consistency, and known-groups discriminant validity.RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-two women completed the HU-BSS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the HU-BSS-R to offer an excellent fit to data for the established tri-dimensional measurement model. The HU-BSS-R was also found to offer excellent convergent and divergent validity and known-groups discriminant validity. No significant differences were observed between internal consistency observations between the current study and the original UK validation study.CONCLUSIONS: The HU-BSS-R is a valid and reliable translation of the original BSS-R, it has proved itself to have excellent psychometric properties and is suitable for use in the Hungarian maternity context.",
+        "output": "Translation and validation of the Hungarian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, has been witnessed as a rapidly escalating worldwide health crisis. China currently had 140.9 million diabetic population in 2021, which was the largest globally. DM has witnessed a significant surge in the past few decades, leading to an alarming rise in the overall burden caused by this disease. To monitor the near real-time DM prevalence and the consumption of first-line anti-diabetic drugs, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach based on the back-calculation of metformin concentration was implemented in 237 cities in China. The quantitative analysis of metformin in wastewater was conducted by LC-MS/MS with satisfactory results of method validation. The average concentration of metformin in wastewater was 14.07\u00b113.16mug/L, and the per capita consumption was 5.16\u00b12.08mg/day/inh, ranging from 0.90 to 10.36\u00b14.63mg/day/inh. The calculated metformin prevalence was found to be 0.52%\u00b10.28%, and the final estimated DM prevalence was 11.33%\u00b14.99%, which was nearly consistent with the result of the International Diabetes Federation survey of 9.98%. The results suggested that metformin might be one of the suitable WBE biomarkers in DM monitoring and WBE strategy could potentially enable the estimation of DM prevalence in most of Chinese cities after reasonable correction of associated parameters.",
-        "output": "Wastewater-based estimation of diabetes mellitus prevalence in 237 cities: A cross-China study.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess exposure to e-cigarette advertising across multiple marketing channels among U.S. youth and to examine whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in exposure to e-cigarette advertisements.STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.METHODS: Cross-sectional data were drawn from a longitudinal survey of participants recruited from two nationally representative panels (NORC's AmeriSpeak and GfK's KnowledgePanel). A total of 2043 youth aged 13-17 completed the initial 2018 survey, and 2013 youth completed the follow-up survey in 2019 (including a replenishment sample of 690 youth). Outcome variables were self-reported e-cigarette advertisement exposure in the past three months through various sources, such as television, point of sale, and online/social media. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the association between racial/ethnic identity and e-cigarette advertisement exposure.RESULTS: The prevalence of reported exposure to e-cigarette advertisements through any channel was 79.8% (95% CI: 77.1-82.2) in 2018 and 74.9% (95% CI: 72.5-77.1) in 2019, respectively. Point of sale was the most common source of e-cigarette advertisement exposure in both years. Non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic Asian youth were more likely to report exposure to e-cigarette advertisements through television (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.44-2.99 and AOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.17-3.82, respectively) and online/social media (AOR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.11-2.33 and AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.10-3.59, respectively) channels compared with non-Hispanic White youth.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of U.S. youth reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising through a variety of marketing channels. Significant racial/ethnic disparities existed, with non-Hispanic Black and Asian youth reporting more marketing exposure than their non-Hispanic White counterparts.",
+        "output": "Racial/ethnic disparities in exposure to e-cigarette advertising among U.S. youth.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Benchmark equity indices Sensex and Nifty edged higher on Wednesday after a volatile trade amid weak cues from Asian and European markets along with unabated foreign fund outflows.The 30-share BSE Sensex advanced by 33.21 points or 0.05 per cent to settle at 64,975.61. During the day, it hit a high of 65,124 and a low of 64,851.06.The broader Nifty went up by 36.80 points or 0.19 per cent to close at 19,443.50 with 29 of its components closing in green and the rest 21 in red.Among the Sensex firms, Asian Paints, Titan, Larsen & Toubro, JSW Steel, ITC, Hindustan Unilever, Maruti and Reliance Industries were the major gainers.ICICI Bank, NTPC, Infosys, Tech Mahindra, Tata Steel and Bajaj Finance were among the laggards.In Asian markets, Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai and Hong Kong settled lower.European markets were trading in the negative territory. The US markets ended in positive territory on Tuesday.Global oil benchmark Brent crude climbed 0.15 per cent to $81.73 a barrel.Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) offloaded equities worth Rs 497.21 crore on Tuesday, according to exchange data.\"The domestic market traded rangebound with a positive bias. And further confidence may be derived from the global market cues post the FED chair speech. Oil prices continued to fall, which will provide respite to the domestic economy and navigate a downward trajectory to inflation & fiscal,\" said Vinod Nair, Head of Research at Geojit Financial Services.The BSE benchmark dipped 16.29 points or 0.03 per cent to settle at 64,942.40 on Tuesday. The Nifty slipped 5.05 points or 0.03 per cent to 19,406.70.",
-        "output": "Sensex and Nifty edged higher on Wednesday, with Sensex gaining 33.21 points to 64,975.61 and Nifty rising 36.80 points to 19,443.50, despite weak global cues and continued foreign fund outflows of Rs 497.21 crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article proposes an adaptive nonlinear control strategy to eliminate the instability problem of buck converters in dc microgrids (DCMG) considering constant power load (CPL). The strategy includes an Adaptive Passivity-Based Controller (PBC) and an Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF). The proposed AEKF performs faster and more accurately than the conventional EKF and adjusts the covariance matrices adaptively. Furthermore, this AEKF directly estimates the unknown CPL power supplied by the converter and prevents the number of measurement sensors from increasing. Hence, PBC ensures system stability alongside AEKF. The controller guarantees Lyapunov stability and fast dynamic response in the presence of uncertainties and perturbations compared to other nonlinear methods. MATLAB simulations and laboratory implementation are provided to confirm the performance and robustness of the proposed control strategy and validate the analysis.",
+        "output": "An Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter With Passivity-Based Control for DC-DC Converter in DC Microgrids Supplying Constant Power Loads",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
-        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Schools play a crucial role in promoting health education and awareness about infectious diseases. This study aims to examine teachers' and administrators' awareness and attitudes towards infectious diseases and their specific health-related applications.METHODS: This study used a new scale to collect survey data from 435 teachers and administrators. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed by factor analysis. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships between variables. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed for group comparisons.RESULTS: The findings revealed a concerning skepticism among a significant portion of participants towards the effectiveness of vaccines in ending epidemics and a lack of health education activities in schools. Significant differences were observed in the scores for physical measures, educational activities, awareness, observation, and attitudes based on school type and ownership of certificates (p\u22640.05).CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need for continuous education and awareness-raising efforts to develop sustainable school health practices. Integrating diverse health professionalsinto school health management teams can enhance health services in educational settings. The present study also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive health education in understanding infectious diseases, preventive measures, and proper hygiene practices.",
+        "output": "Awareness and attitudes towards infectious diseases among teachers and administrators: Evaluation of health-related school program and practices.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Law enforcement has used video recording devices (e.g. dash camera, body-worn camera) for more than 40 years, with body-worn cameras emerging in 2005 as a policing tool. However, little is known regarding how video evidence is leveraged in case decision-making and outcomes for domestic violence. Law enforcement may use cameras to enhance evidence collection in domestic violence cases, take statements from victims, witnesses, and offenders, record injuries and damages, and document the administration of risk/injury assessments. Preliminary research has indicated video evidence may have strong evidentiary value in domestic violence cases, however, has rarely controlled for other contributing factors. This study furthers our knowledge by examining how video evidence taken by law enforcement impacts case outcomes and length of time to disposition in a sample of closed, misdemeanour domestic violence cases within a large county in a southwestern state. A random sample of cases (n = 612) with and without video evidence were examined for differences in case disposition and case length. Additional evidentiary factors and case characteristics are considered such as prior criminal charges, victim-offender relationship, presence of non-video evidence, presence of witnesses, and gender of offender. Analyses indicate significant differences, such that cases with video evidence are associated with increased guilty pleas, increased convictions, and less time to closure/final case disposition. Findings have implications for the use of video evidence in strengthening the criminal justice response to domestic violence incidents in combination with other case factors.",
-        "output": "Leveraging video evidence in domestic violence misdemeanour cases: Examination of case dispositions and case length",
+        "input": "For millennia, healing and psychoactive plants have been part of the medicinal and ceremonial fabric of elaborate rituals and everyday religious practices throughout Mesoamerica. Despite the essential nature of these ritual practices to the societal framework of past cultures, a clear understanding of the ceremonial life of the ancient Maya remains stubbornly elusive. Here we record the discovery of a special ritual deposit, likely wrapped in a bundle, located beneath the end field of a Late Preclassic ballcourt in the Helena complex of the Maya city of Yaxnohcah. This discovery was made possible by the application of environmental DNA technology. Plants identified through this analytical process included Ipomoea corymbosa (xtabentun in Mayan), Capsicum sp. (chili pepper or ic in Mayan), Hampea trilobata (jool), and Oxandra lanceolata (chilcahuite). All four plants have recognized medicinal properties. Two of the plants, jool and chilcahuite, are involved in artifact manufacture that have ceremonial connections while chili peppers and xtabentun have been associated with divination rituals. Xtabentun (known to the Aztecs as ololiuhqui) produces highly efficacious hallucinogenic compounds and is reported here from Maya archaeological contexts for the first time.",
+        "output": "Psychoactive and other ceremonial plants from a 2,000-year-old Maya ritual deposit at Yaxnohcah, Mexico",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ARLINGTON, Va. - Raytheon (NYSE:RTN), a business of RTX (NYSE: RTX), in collaboration with the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, has successfully demonstrated the capabilities of the GhostEye\u00ae MR radar system during a recent exercise at White Sands Missile Range, the company announced today.The GhostEye MR sensor, part of the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System (NASAMS), was put through its paces in a test that aimed to showcase its readiness and operational performance in air base air defense scenarios. The radar is designed to enhance NASAMS' existing abilities to counter aircraft, unmanned aerial systems, and cruise missile threats.In the exercise, the GhostEye MR radar effectively integrated with the NASAMS' Air Defense Console and the Battlespace Command and Control Center (BC3), enabling precise detection and tracking of live targets at extended ranges. This integration provided the command-and-control system with a detailed air picture to assess threats and coordinate appropriate responses.Tom Laliberty, president of Land & Air Defense Systems at Raytheon, emphasized the significance of the test, noting the increasing sophistication of airborne threats to air bases worldwide and the importance of advancing integrated defense capabilities.The demonstration also reflects progress from a previous air defense experiment conducted in And\u00f8ya, Norway, and follows Raytheon's receipt of government contracts in August last year to further develop and assess the GhostEye MR radar. The sensor is designed to offer greater range and altitude coverage, enhancing NASAMS' defended-area capabilities, and shares commonality with the Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (LTAMDS) currently in development for the U.S. Army.The information is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Raytheon's GhostEye\u00ae MR radar, integrated with NASAMS, successfully demonstrated its capabilities in an exercise at White Sands Missile Range, enhancing air base air defense against aircraft, drones, and cruise missiles. The radar's integration with NASAMS' command-and-control systems provided precise detection and tracking of live targets at extended ranges.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper aims to interrogate the design studio conversations between teachers and students in order to explore the indicators regarding empathy. To investigate design conversations occurring between design teachers and design students, participant observation studies were conducted at two universities in Finland and Turkey. As an empathic indicator, we addressed (1) how design teachers take the perspective of other agencies and (2) what deliveries are utilised for empathic perspective-taking. It was understood that design teachers identify themselves with both human and non-human agencies as design students, users and materials. Moreover, deliveries leading to the identification of design teachers with these agencies included both discursive and performative means.",
+        "output": "Eliciting Empathy Embedded in Design Conversations: Empathic Perspective-Taking of Design Teachers Towards Design Students, Users and Materials",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user's perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at alpha<0.01. Periodontal diagnoses made using PocketPerio correlated with those made by periodontics faculty (gold standard) in all cases. During the mock examination, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses compared to the control (52.73 vs. 13.18%, respectively). Chairside, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of primary (100 vs. 40.0%) and secondary (100 vs. 14.25%) periodontal diagnoses compared to the respective controls. Students regardless of their training year felt more confident in diagnosing periodontal conditions using PocketPerio than their current tools, provided positive feedback on its features, and suggested avenues for its further development.",
-        "output": "The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings.",
+        "input": "When making decisions on behalf of someone, is asking what they would have wanted a good way to respect their autonomy? Against prevalent assumptions, I argue that in decisions about the care and treatment of those with advanced dementia, the notion of 'what one would have wanted' is conceptually, epistemically, and practically problematic. The problem stems from the disparity between the first-person subjectivity of the past person and that of the present person. The transformative nature of dementia renders the very meaning of 'what the patient would have wanted' problematic. When applied to those with advanced dementia, the subjunctive notion is either (i) incoherent, (ii) fundamentally indeterminate, or (iii) normatively irrelevant.",
+        "output": "Interpreting 'What One Would Have Wanted'",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LAS VEGAS - VinFast Auto (NASDAQ:VFS), a Vietnamese automaker, has unveiled its new electric vehicle, the VF (NYSE:VFC) 3, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) on Tuesday. The VF 3 is a mini-electric SUV designed for urban environments, marking the company's latest foray into the global electric vehicle (EV) market.The VF 3 features a modern design with geometric shapes and sleek lines, aimed at reflecting the driver's personality. It offers a minimalist interior with smart features for a comfortable ride. The vehicle is equipped with a 10-inch infotainment system compatible with Android Auto and Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) Carplay, full folding second-row seats, and a cargo capacity of 550 liters.With dimensions of approximately L125.6 x W66.1 x H63.8 inches, the VF 3 is tailored for city driving, boasting a driving range of over 125 miles per full charge. The mini-eSUV's size and features are intended to provide easy maneuverability and practicality for urban drivers.Tran Mai Hoa, Deputy CEO of Sales and Marketing at VinFast Global, expressed the company's commitment to offering a practical and stylish electric vehicle that caters to the needs of young urban consumers seeking sustainable mobility solutions.The global launch of the VF 3 comes six months after its debut in Vietnam. VinFast aims to start accepting early reservations for the VF 3 in 2024, with further details on reservation processes, delivery schedules, pricing, and warranty policies to be announced in due course.This announcement is based on a press release statement from VinFast.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "VinFast Auto unveiled its new electric vehicle, the VF 3, at CES, a mini-electric SUV designed for urban environments with a driving range of over 125 miles per full charge and a 10-inch infotainment system. The global launch of the VF 3 comes six months after its debut in Vietnam, with early reservations expected to open in 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The biographies of some celebrated artists are marked by accounts that paint a far from beautiful portrait. Does this negative-social knowledge influence the aesthetic experience of an artwork? Does an artist's fame protect their paintings from such an influence? We present two preregistered experiments examining the effect of social-emotional biographical knowledge about famous and unknown artists on the reception and perception of their paintings, using aesthetic ratings and neurocognitive measures. In Experiment 1, paintings attributed to artists characterised by negative biographical information were liked less, evoked greater feelings of arousal and were judged lower in terms of quality, than paintings by artists associated with neutral information. No modulation of artist renown was found. Experiment 2 fully replicated these behavioural results and revealed that paintings by artists associated with negative social-emotional knowledge also elicited enhanced early brain activity related to visual perception (P1) and early emotional arousal (early posterior negativity; EPN). Together, the findings suggest that negative knowledge about famous artists can shape not only explicit aesthetic evaluations, but may also penetrate the perception of the artwork itself.",
+        "output": "Art perception is affected by negative knowledge about famous and unknown artists",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Homa Peninsula, in southwestern Kenya, continues to yield insights into Oldowan hominin landscape behaviors. The Late Pliocene locality of Nyayanga (3-2.6Ma) preserves some of the oldest Oldowan tools. At the Early Pleistocene locality of Kanjera South (2Ma) toolmakers procured a diversity of raw materials from over 10km away and strategically reduced them in a grassland-dominated ecosystem. Here, we report findings from Sare-Abururu, a younger (1.7Ma) Oldowan locality approximately 12km southeast of Kanjera South and 18km east of Nyayanga. Sare-Abururu has yielded 1754 artifacts in relatively undisturbed low-energy silts and sands. Stable isotopic analysis of pedogenic carbonates suggests that hominin activities were carried out in a grassland-dominated setting with similar vegetation structure as documented at Kanjera South. The composition of a nearby paleo-conglomerate indicates that high-quality stone raw materials were locally abundant. Toolmakers at Sare-Abururu produced angular fragments from quartz pebbles, representing a considerable contrast to the strategies used to reduce high quality raw materials at Kanjera South. Although lithic reduction at Sare-Abururu was technologically simple, toolmakers proficiently produced cutting edges, made few mistakes and exhibited a mastery of platform management, demonstrating that expedient technical strategies do not necessarily indicate a lack of skill or suitable raw materials. Lithic procurement and reduction patterns on the Homa Peninsula appear to reflect variation in local resource contexts rather than large-scale evolutionary changes in mobility, energy budget, or toolmaker cognition.",
-        "output": "New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya.",
+        "input": "In recent years, micro/nanoplastics have garnered widespread attention due to their ecological risks. In this study, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of different sizes on the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The results demonstrated that exposure to certain concentrations of PS-NPs significantly promoted bacterial biofilm formation. Meanwhile, we comprehensively revealed its mechanism whereby PS-NPs induced oxidative stress and altered bacterial membrane permeability by contacting or penetrating bacterial membranes. To counteract the stimulation by PS-NPs and reduce their toxicity, bacteria enhanced biofilm formation by upregulating the expression of biofilm-related genes, increasing EPS and virulence factors secretion, and enhancing bacterial motility through the participation of the quorum sensing (QS) system. Additionally, we also found that exposure to PS-NPs enhanced bacterial antibiotic resistance, posing a challenge to antimicrobial therapy. Our study reveals the toxic effects of nanoplastics and the defense mechanisms of bacteria, which has important implications for the risk assessment and management of environmental nanoplastics.",
+        "output": "Polystyrene nanoparticles induce biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This Viewpoint describes implications for medicine and public health if the US Supreme Court decides to overturn or narrow Chevron deference.",
-        "output": "Implications for Public Health Regulation if Chevron Deference Is Overturned",
+        "input": "Shadow detection is a basic task of remote sensing image analysis, but it is often seriously disturbed by vegetation, water bodies, and black objects. It is observed that vegetation and dark objects often show a dark look in visible bands but brighter in the near-infrared (NIR), and is also noticed that the reflection of inland water bodies in the green band is stronger than that in the blue band. Taking advantage of these physical properties and combining them with the bluish and dark appearance of shadows, we propose a simple but effective shadow detection method for multispectral remote sensing images. These physical properties are used to create transformation models that suppress features such as vegetation, water bodies, etc., but at the same time enhance shadows. Then, we transform the shadow representation into a color space to generate candidate shadows using dominant color components. To separate shadows from the others, we propose two indexes, the normalized Color Difference Composite Index (CDCI) and Color Purity Index (CPI), and fuse them to achieve shadows and their confidence. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively detect the shadows in multispectral images and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.",
+        "output": "Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Spectral Radiance Separability Enhancement",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaBLS International Services (NS:BLSN) witnessed a surge, hitting an all-time high of INR 412.90 on 16 January 2024 driven by its acquisition plans. The company, through its subsidiary BLS International FZE, UAE, is set to acquire a 100% stake in iData Danismanlik Ve Hizmet Dis Ticaret Anonim Sirketi and its subsidiaries for an enterprise value of \u20ac50 million (around INR 450 crore) with additional milestones-based payments.iDATA, a prominent player in Turkey, specializes in visa and consular services, making it a strategic addition to BLS International's portfolio. The acquisition, to be funded through internal accruals, is poised to enhance earnings per share from day one and is expected to conclude in the current fiscal year, pending regulatory approvals.PwC Turkey and Lagrange Point Advisors LLP, Mumbai, served as transaction advisors, while Dentons Link Legal, India, and Balcio\u011flu Sel\u00e7uk Ardiyok Keki Attorney Partnership (BASEAK), Turkey, acted as legal advisors. BLS International has been making strategic moves, having recently secured contracts with the High Commission of India in Canada and the Unique Identification Authority of India for Aadhaar data quality checks.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "BLS International Services (NS:BLSN) acquired iData Danismanlik Ve Hizmet Dis Ticaret Anonim Sirketi for \u20ac50 million, boosting its visa and consular services portfolio in Turkey. The acquisition, funded through internal accruals, is expected to enhance earnings per share from day one.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Given environmental contribution of individuals' behavioral change, this study explored how hikers' pro-environmental behavior can be facilitated. The theoretical model incorporated the restorative quality of natural trails as an external environment, hikers' place affect and their pro-environmental behavior. This study used a mixed research approach to test this model, which involved developing measurement items for the restorative quality of nature trails and analyzing survey data from 361 hikers. The analysis showed that the restorative quality of natural trails induced place affect, which increased place-specific pro-environmental behavior. Mediating effect of place affect and moderating function of daily environmental practices were identified.",
+        "output": "Role of restorative natural environments in predicting hikers' pro-environmental behavior in a nature trail context",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The dollar held firm against major currencies on Thursday and gained against more volatile ones, underpinned by the U.S. 10-year yield nearing the 5% level and before remarks by Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell at a discussion on the economy.The dollar index, which tracks the unit against six main peers, was at 106.5 steady on the day, having risen 0.33% on Wednesday.Its moves were more dramatic against currencies that are particularly exposed to swings in global growth expectations, with the Australian dollar and New Zealand dollars each down as much as 0.6%. The New Zealand currency hit its lowest level in a year of $0.5815.The British pound, also traditionally more vulnerable to global swings, was down 0.2% at $1.2118 while the euro was 0.1% firmer at $1.05515. Neither currency was far from multi-month lows hit in early October.\"Over the last day or so, the spike higher in yields has hurt risk sentiment in markets, we saw a sell off overnight in global equity markets and that risk-off trading is driving FX markets particularly in the high-beta commodity currencies,\" Lee Hardman, senior currency analyst at MUFG, said.\"Other majors have been more stable, even as yields continue to move higher. Maybe there is some caution ahead of Powell later in the day.\"Both long and short-dated U.S. yields hit 16-year highs on Thursday, with selling pushing the 10-year yield to almost 5%, a psychologically significant level. European and Japanese bonds were also under pressure. [US/] [GB/] [JP/] [GVD/EUR]Powell will participate in a discussion on the economic outlook at the Economic Club of New York at 1600 GMT, a few days before the traditional quiet period ahead of the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee meeting on Oct. 31-Nov. 1.Prior to his remarks, policymakers appear to be agreement to hold interest rates unchanged at their next meeting, but uncertainty about what happens afterwards is high.Other policymakers also face dilemmas. Japan is struggling with a weak yen, and Japan's top currency diplomat said on Thursday that, although not acting in response to excessive currency moves could hurt the vulnerable, it would be better if they did not have to intervene.The dollar was last at 149.82 yen, closing in on the psychologically significant 150 yen level that earlier this month triggered a sharp sudden strengthening for the yen, although analysts say the indications suggest Japan did not intervene.Dollar/yen could be pushed higher depending on whether U.S. yields continue to rise at a faster pace than their Japanese peer yields, Carol Kong, currency strategist and economist at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, wrote in a note.\"The implication is the risk of FX intervention by the BoJ remains high in our view,\" said Kong.The yen, a traditional safe haven, has not benefited much from risk aversion due to the war in the Middle East, unlike the Swiss franc, which has strengthened sharply.The euro was last steady against the franc at 0.9471 though hit a one-year low of 0.9449 francs the day before.",
-        "output": "The dollar strengthened against major currencies on Thursday, supported by rising U.S. 10-year yields nearing 5% and ahead of Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell's remarks on the economy. The dollar index was steady at 106.5, while the Australian and New Zealand dollars fell sharply due to concerns over global growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper delves into the realm of green restaurants, which seamlessly combine environmentally conscious practices with culinary excellence. It scrutinized 106 reputable hospitality and tourism articles using systematic literature review methods. The analysis, featuring descriptive examination and topic modeling, revealed significant developments in green restaurant research and highlighted their potential to address sustainability challenges. Employing an adapted TCCM framework (Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology), the review suggests new research directions, placing a heightened focus on the characteristics aspect to align academic insights with global priorities and industry requirements. This promotes actionable and collaborative strategies for eco-friendly restaurants.",
+        "output": "Sustainability \u00e0 la carte: A systematic review of green restaurant research (2010-2023)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation are predictors of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known about the coexposures and relative contributions of TyG index and inflammation to cardiovascular diseases. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted longitudinal analyses to evaluate the joint and mutual associations of the TyG index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older Chinese population.METHODS: This study comprised 8 658 participants aged at least 45years from the CHARLS 2011 who are free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)*fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Cardiovascular events were defined as the presence of physician-diagnosed heart disease and/or stroke followed until 2018.We performed adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and mediation analyses.RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 58.6\u00b19.0years, and 3988 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0years, 2606 (30.1%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 2012 (23.2%) cases of heart diseases and 848 (9.8%) cases of stroke. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (<8.6 [median level]) and hsCRP<1mg/L, those concurrently with a higher TyG and hsCRP had the highest risk of overall cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.300; 95% CI 1.155-1.462), coronary heart disease (aHR, 1.294; 95% CI 1.130-1.481) and stroke (aHR, 1.333; 95% CI 1.093-1.628), which were predominant among those aged 70years or below. High hsCRP significantly mediated 13.4% of the association between the TyG index and cardiovascular disease, while TyG simultaneously mediated 7.9% of the association between hsCRP and cardiovascular risk.CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the coexposure effects and mutual mediation between the TyG index and hsCRP on cardiovascular diseases. Joint assessments of the TyG index and hsCRP should be underlined for the residual risk stratification and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially for middle-aged adults.",
-        "output": "Joint association of TyG index and high sensitivity C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study.",
+        "input": "For an undirected connected graph G = G(V, E) with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), a subset R of V is said to be a resolving in G, if each pair of vertices (say a and b; a not equal b) in G satisfy the relation d(a, k) not equal d(b, k), for at least one member k in R. The minimum set R with this resolving property is said to be a metric basis for G, and the cardinality of such set R, is referred to as the metric dimension of G, denoted by dim v (G). In this manuscript, we consider a complex molecular graph of one-heptagonal carbon nanocone (represented by HCN s ) and investigate its metric basis as well as metric dimension. We prove that just three specifically chosen vertices are enough to resolve the molecular graph of HCN s . Moreover, several theoretical as well as applicative properties including comparison have also been incorporated.",
+        "output": "Mathematical analysis of the structure of one-heptagonal carbon nanocone in terms of its basis and dimension",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "FORT WORTH, TX - Sadot Group Inc. (NASDAQ:SDOT), an emerging global player in the agricultural-commodity supply chain, has announced the expansion of its trading arm with the establishment of Sadot Brasil Ltda., a new subsidiary aimed at sourcing and exporting grains from Brazil. The company has brought on board two seasoned professionals, Flavio de Campos and Paulo de Sa, to manage the operations of this wholly-owned subsidiary.The addition of Sadot Brasil Ltda. to the company's portfolio is expected to strengthen Sadot Group's position in key grain-producing geographies and enhance its global presence in the agri-foods industry. The subsidiary will focus on commodities such as soybean, soybean meal, wheat, and corn, which are significant in the Brazilian market.Michael Roper, CEO of Sadot Group Inc., expressed optimism about the venture, stating that the initiation of operations in Brazil marks a strategic move to tap into one of the most vital grain-producing regions worldwide. The company anticipates that this expansion will contribute to its growth in trading verticals and overall revenue.Paulo de Sa brings over 30 years of experience in the agri-commodities market and food industry, with a background that includes leadership roles at Louis Dreyfus and supply chain management at SGS. Flavio de Campos also has over three decades of experience, particularly in finance within the agri-business sector, having held positions with companies such as Cargill and AWB Brasil.Sadot Group Inc. operates across various verticals of the global food and feed supply chain, including farming, sustainability, and trading and shipping of agri-commodities. The company sources products from the Americas, Africa, and the Black Sea region, delivering to markets in Southeast Asia, China, and the Middle East/North Africa region. Headquartered in Ft. Worth, Texas, Sadot Group has subsidiary operations in multiple locations, including Miami, Dubai, Sao Paulo, Singapore, Kyiv, and Zambia.This expansion is part of Sadot Group's strategic efforts to address the growing food security challenges globally through innovative and sustainable supply chain solutions. The information in this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Sadot Group Inc. (NASDAQ:SDOT) has expanded its trading arm with the establishment of Sadot Brasil Ltda., a new subsidiary aimed at sourcing and exporting grains from Brazil. The addition of Sadot Brasil Ltda. to the company's portfolio is expected to strengthen Sadot Group's position in key grain-producing geographies and enhance its global presence in the agri-foods industry.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: There are no robust population-based Australian data on prevalence and attributed burden of migraine and medication-overuse headache (MOH) data. In this pilot cross-sectional study, we aimed to capture the participation rate, preferred response method, and acceptability of self-report questionnaires to inform the conduct of a future nationwide migraine/MOH epidemiological study.METHODS: We developed a self-report questionnaire, available in hard-copy and online, including modules from the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire, the Eq.5D (quality of life), and enquiry into treatment gaps. Study invitations were mailed to 20,000 randomly selected households across Australia's two most populous states. The household member who most recently had a birthday and was aged\u226518 years was invited to participate, and could do so by returning a hard-copy questionnaire via reply-paid mail, or by entering responses directly into an online platform.RESULTS: The participation rate was 5.0% (N=1,000). Participants' median age was 60 years (IQR 44-71 years), and 64.7% (n=647) were female. Significantly more responses were received from areas with relatively older populations and middle-level socioeconomic status. Hard copy was the more commonly chosen response method (n=736). Females and younger respondents were significantly more likely to respond online than via hard-copy.CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates that alternative methodology is needed to achieve satisfactory engagement in a future nationwide migraine/MOH epidemiological study, for example through inclusion of migraine screening questions in well-resourced, interview-based national health surveys that are conducted regularly by government agencies. Meanwhile, additional future research directions include defining and addressing treatment gaps to improve migraine awareness, and minimise under-diagnosis and under-treatment.",
+        "output": "Australian Headache Epidemiology Data (AHEAD): a pilot study to assess sampling and engagement methodology for a nationwide population-based survey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study investigated the Chinese millennials' perspectives of tourism sustainability using Hofstede's five-dimensional model. It examined the relationship between their environmental attitudes and hedonic/utilitarian values. According to the findings, collectivism had a positive impact on their pro-environmental attitude, evident in both their preferences and behaviors. Large power distance as well as high tolerance for uncertainty, conversely, resulted in a less pro-environmental attitude. Simultaneously, their masculinity, as expressed in their tendency to obtain more profit in advance, was harmful. This research adds to a greater understanding of cultural and individual values and suggests marketing strategies to advocate for environmentally conscious behaviors.",
-        "output": "Do cultural and individual values influence sustainable tourism and pro-environmental behavior? Focusing on Chinese millennials",
+        "input": "Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977) was born in a rural community and spent most of her life in a slum. Despite this, her literary work achieved remarkable editorial success, having its value recognized by critics and academic circles. This paper analyzes Carolina Maria de Jesus's autobiographical narratives in the light of John Dewey's aesthetic theory, with the purpose of investigating the factors responsible for the development of her aesthetic sensitivity - intellectual and emotional dispositions favorable to involvement with artistic practices. The results suggest that Carolina Maria de Jesus's literary skills, which express not only individual but also collective yearnings, resulted from the incentive she received to think about things that do not exist and from her relationship with people who favored the formation of a personality open to varied experiences. Such results are presented as requirements for a democratic and humanist education that aims at the flowering of aesthetic sensitivity and encourages educators and students to believe in their creative potential.",
+        "output": "The Genesis of Aesthetic Sensitivity in Carolina de Jesus: Challenges for Educators",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Continuous tobacco use in patients with cancer is linked to substantial healthcare costs due to increased risks and complications, whereas quitting smoking leads to improved treatment outcomes and cost reductions. Addressing the need for empirical evidence on the economic impact of smoking cessation, this study examined the association between smoking cessation and healthcare cost utilization among a sample of 930 patients with cancer treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's Tobacco Research and Treatment Program (TRTP). Applying conditional quantile regression and propensity scores to address confounding, our findings revealed that abstinence achieved through the TRTP significantly reduced the median cost during a 3-month period post-quitting by $1,095 [beta = -$1,095, P = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (CI), = (-$1,886 to -$304)]. Sensitivity analysis corroborated these conclusions, showing a pronounced cost reduction when outlier data were excluded. The long-term accrued cost savings from smoking cessation could potentially offset the cost of participation in the TRTP program, underscoring its cost effectiveness. An important implication of this study is that by reducing smoking rates, healthcare systems can more efficiently allocate resources, enhance patient health outcomes, and lessen the overall cancer burden.PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study emphasizes the dual impact of smoking cessation programs in patients with cancer: quitting smoking and reducing healthcare costs. It highlights the importance of integrating cessation programs into cancer prevention strategies, ensuring both individual health benefits and broader, system-wide economic efficiencies. See related Spotlight, p. 197.",
-        "output": "Examining the Association between Abstinence from Smoking and Healthcare Costs among Patients with Cancer.",
+        "input": "The purpose of this work is to study the influence of oil and surfactant present in produced water on the membrane distillation and membrane crystallization performance. The latter is evaluated in terms of permeate flux, quality of permeate and sodium chloride crystallization kinetics. Polypropylene and Hyflon AD40H/PVDF composite membranes with 0.2 mu m \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\mu m}$$\\end{document} pore size were used in the investigation. The tests were carried out in direct contact configuration using two synthetic feed solutions: the first one without oil and surfactant, and the second one with oil and surfactant. The achieved results showed a permeate flux reduction of 20 and 40% for PP and AD40H, respectively, in membrane distillation and of 35% in membrane crystallization. These results may be attributed to the interaction between the salts and surfactant, which led to the deterioration of the membrane performance. Despite this, high salt rejection factors greater than 99.9% and total carbon rejections ranging between 80 and 90% indicated the good potential of membrane distillation technology for the treatment of produced water. Moreover, good quality crystals and high total water recovery factor (97%) were achieved using the membrane crystallization process. Nevertheless, the presence of oil and surfactant in the feed caused an increase in the induction time compared to the system without oil and surfactant. In addition, in the performed experiments, simple physical cleaning with distillate water was sufficient to recover the initial trans-membrane flux of the membranes.",
+        "output": "Freshwater and minerals recovery from synthetic produced water by membrane distillation/membrane crystallization processes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study aimed to investigate the influence of having a green certification logo (versus no logo) supplementing with text (versus no text) on hotel guests using water behaviours. Focus group interviews (Study 1) found that hotel guests are aware of common green practices in hotels. A quasi-experimental survey (Study 2) indicated the interaction effect of a green certification logo and text on hotel guests' environmental awareness and water-saving behavioural intention. Another quasi-experimental survey (Study 3) indicated that an explicit green message is more effective than an implicit green message in reducing hotel shower time.",
-        "output": "Influence of the green certification logo and text on environmental awareness and hotel guests' water-saving behaviour",
+        "input": "Permafrost in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is becoming increasingly vulnerable to thaw due to climate change. However, the lack of either in situ ground surface or borehole temperature data beyond the Tibetan Plateau prevents comprehensive assessments of its impact on the regional hydrologic cycle and local cascading hazards. Although past studies have generated estimates of permafrost extent in Central Asia, many are limited to the Tibetan Plateau, excluding the more remote reaches of the Tien Shan, Pamirs, and Himalayas. By leveraging surface temperatures from both the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Atmospheric Infra-Red Sounder (AIRS), this study advances further understanding of remotely sensed permafrost occurrence at high altitudes, which are prone to error due to frequent cloud cover. We demonstrate that the fusion of MODIS and AIRS products can accurately estimate long-term thermal regimes of the subsurface, with reported correlation coefficients of 0.773 and 0.560, RMSEs of 0.890 degree celsius and 0.680 degree celsius, and biases of 0.003 degree celsius and 0.462 degree celsius, respectively, for the ground surface and the depth of zero annual amplitude, during a reference period of 2003-2016. Furthermore, we provide a range of possible permafrost extents based on established equations for calculating the temperature at the top of the permafrost to demonstrate temperature sensitivity to soil moisture and snow cover. The MODIS-AIRS product is recommended to be a robust source of ground temperature estimates, which may be sufficient for inferring mountain permafrost presence in HMA. Incorporating the influence of soil moisture and snow depth, although limited by biased estimates, also produces estimates of permafrost regional areas comparable to previously reported permafrost indices. A total permafrost area of 1.69 (+/- 0.32) million km(2) is estimated for the entire HMA, across 15 mountain subregions.",
+        "output": "Augmenting daily MODIS LST with AIRS surface temperature retrievals to estimate ground temperature and permafrost extent in High Mountain Asia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Foreigners have more than doubled purchases of Indian government bonds that would form a part of JPMorgan's emerging market bond index, but bank treasury officials do not expect large inflows until the inclusion starts next year.Foreign investors bought bonds under the 'Fully Accessible Route' or FAR worth over Rs 2,300 crore ($276.25 million) on an average in each of the three weeks since Sept. 22 when JPMorgan said it would include 23 such securities in its widely tracked index from June 2024 onwards.This was more than double the pace of buying seen in 2023 ahead of the announcement, Clearing Corp of India data showed.\"There have been inflows as some investors, which were eyeing the inclusion, have come in now,\" said Ashutosh Tikekar, head of global markets at BNP Paribas India.\"This pace, however, may not sustain at least in the immediate future as globally investors will eye developments in the Middle East conflict and what impact it could have on oil prices.\"Foreign investors now hold Rs 1.02 trillion or 3.5 per cent of the outstanding securities in the FAR category.Their largest purchases were in the benchmark 7.18 per cent 2033 bond and five-year 7.06 per cent 2028 paper, which have seen inflows of around Rs 3,400 crore and Rs 2,500 crore, respectively, since Sept. 22.FAR category bonds do not have limits on foreign investments, unlike other bonds.\"Two-thirds of index-eligible securities have residual maturity between 5-14 years. So, we can expect a bulk of inflows in that segment,\" said Nagaraj Kulkarni, co-head - Asia rates strategy (ex-China) and head - flows strategy at Standard Chartered Bank.He expected inflows of around $20 billion to $25 billion from now till the completion of the inclusion in early 2025, but the inflows are likely to pick up only closer to the date.\"We are still waiting for better entry levels to recommend long positions in IGBs (Indian government bonds),\" Kulkarni said.Any large pick-up in the flows will be hampered by the expectation that global interest rates will remain higher for longer, reducing the attractiveness of Indian assets.\"With concerns about higher for longer (rates), and the possibility of the U.S. 10-year yield hovering around 5 per cent , fund managers may wait for a few months before committing substantial investments,\" said Ashhish Vaidya, managing director and head of treasury and markets, DBS Bank India.Vaidya expected inflow of approximately $23 billion over the period of inclusion.",
-        "output": "Foreigners have doubled their purchases of Indian government bonds that will be included in JPMorgan's emerging market bond index from June 2024, with inflows expected to reach $20-25 billion by early 2025. The largest purchases were in the benchmark 7.18% 2033 bond and five-year 7.06% 2028 paper, with inflows of around Rs 3,400 crore and Rs 2,500 crore, respectively, since the announcement.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Within the framework of achieving carbon peak and neutrality, studying the measurement and spatial correlation network of water environmental efficiency (WEE) is beneficial for protecting the water environment and strengthening the coordinated development between regions. This study quantifies WEE under carbon emission constraints in three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin. Employing a modified gravity model paired with social network analysis (SNA) method, we establish a spatial correlation network. Furthermore, we explore the determinants of the spatial correlation network using Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) model. The research findings indicate that: (1) WEE exhibits fluctuations and increases, illustrating a trend of 'high on both sides and low in the middle.' (2) The spatial connection of WEE is tightening, demonstrating significant spatial spillover effects. Compared to Chengdu-Chongqing and the Midstream, the Yangtze River Delta has transitioned from a 'dual-core' setup to a multicentric network, which is more stable and showcases tighter interconnections. (3) Urbanization, population density, industrial transformation, and technological innovation emerge as the primary influencing factors of the spatial correlation network, displaying both temporal and regional heterogeneity. This study provides a theoretical framework and empirical support for water environmental protection and offers insights for policy-making towards green sustainable development.",
+        "output": "Spatial correlation network characteristics and influencing factors of water environmental efficiency in three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of SpiceJet hit a fresh 52-week high of Rs 63.45, as they soared 15 per cent on the BSE in Monday's intra-day trade backed by heavy volumes ahead of its board meet today to consider fund raising.At 12:22 PM; the stock was trading 14.5 per cent higher at Rs 62.94, as compared to 0.01 per cent gain in the S&P BSE Sensex. The average trading volumes at the counter jumped nearly three-fold today. As many as 39.33 million equity shares changed hands on the BSE so far, as against an average 14.17 million equity shares traded in the past two weeks, data shows.Since December 6, in the past three trading days, the stock of domestic airlines has zoomed 45 per cent after the company announced that its board is considering options for raising fresh capital through the issuance of equity or convertible securities on a preferential basis in its meeting scheduled on December 11, 2023 (Monday).The airline last week also said its board meeting, which was scheduled to be held on Friday to approve the second-quarter (Q2) results, has now been deferred to Monday.Meanwhile, SpiceJet today said that in order to reach a wider investor base, the Company shall soon be listing its securities on National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE).In another development, SpiceJet on Friday said one of its aircraft which was seized and grounded in Dubai in late October due to litigation has now been released following an order of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) Court.In a DIFC Court hearing on December 7, the Order was discharged in favour of SpiceJet, the airline said in a statement. Additionally, the Judge has directed an inquiry into losses suffered by SpiceJet as a result of the Order having been made. The Court has further ordered to pay towards the legal costs incurred by SpiceJet, the airline said in the statement.In the past one month, the stock price of SpiceJet has zoomed 71 per cent, as compared to 7.6 per cent rise in the S&P BSE Sensex. While, in the past six months, it has skyrocketed 120 per cent, as against 11.3 per cent rally in the benchmark index.",
-        "output": "SpiceJet shares surged 15% to a 52-week high of Rs 63.45 on Monday, driven by heavy volumes ahead of a board meeting to consider fund raising through equity or convertible securities issuance. The stock has soared 45% in the past three trading days since the announcement of the board meeting.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports, this study empirically examines the effect and mechanism of the digital economy's influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports based on China's customs export data from 2011 to 2016. Findings - The relevant findings are threefold. (1) The digital economy significantly improves the binary margin of agricultural exports, and its effect on the intensive margin is stronger than that on the expansive margin. After the expansive margin is subdivided, the effects on the three sub-variables of the expansive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets. (2) The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the digital economy has a stronger role in promoting the binary margin of exports for enterprises in the eastern region, high-income countries as the destination of exports and state-owned enterprises. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that the digital economy promotes the binary margin of agricultural exports by reducing trade costs and intensifying market competition. Originality/value - First, in terms of research perspective, although there are some studies on the impact of the digital economy on export trade in existing literature, the research objects mainly focus on manufacturing enterprises. In fact, agricultural trade is susceptible to natural conditions and seasonal factors, and countries may impose more SPS measures and TBT measures on agricultural trade due to risk considerations. The relationship between the digital economy and agricultural trade also has its own characteristics, but there are few research studies in this area. At present, only Liu and Gao (2022), based on the data of total imports and exports of different agricultural products from 2004 to 2018, have established a vector auto-regressive model to empirically analyse the heterogeneous dynamic impact of the digital economy on the trade volume of agricultural products. In addition, Ma and Guo (2023) conducted an empirical test on the total effect, regional heterogeneity and threshold effect of the digital economy on agricultural export trade based on China's provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020. Therefore, under the new circumstances of continuous integration of digital technology and agriculture, this study interprets the impact effect and mechanism of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural exports from the perspective of the digital economy, providing new research perspectives and approaches for promoting the growth of agricultural exports. Second, in terms of theoretical analysis, the above studies have not been fully analysed in terms of the specific mechanism of the impact of the digital economy on agricultural exports. Based on the positive and negative characteristics of agricultural trade, this study introduces two kinds of roles into the theoretical analysis framework to comprehensively determine the trade impact effect of the digital economy.Third, in terms of research design, this study empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural products, passing a series of robustness tests and investigating the mediating roles of trade cost and market competition effects, producing an empirical basis for China to leverage the digital economy to promote the binary margin of agricultural exports.",
+        "output": "Digital economy and China's agricultural exports: based on trade cost and market competition effect",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Satellite-based precipitation estimates and global reanalysis products bear the promise of supporting the development of accurate and timely climate information for end users in sub-Sharan Africa. The accuracy of these global models, however, may be reduced in data-scarce regions and should be carefully evaluated. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data and CHIRPS precipitation data against ground-based measurements from 167 rain gauges in Ethiopia, a region with complex topography and diverse climates. Focusing over a 38-year period (1981-2018), our study utilizes a point-to-pixel analysis to compare daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data, conducting an evaluation based on continuous and categorical metrics. Our findings indicate that over Ethiopia CHIRPS generally outperforms ERA5, particularly in high-altitude areas, demonstrating a better capability in detecting high-intensity rainfall events. Both datasets, however, exhibit lower performance in Ethiopia's lowland regions, possibly the influence of sparse rain gauge networks informing gridded datasets. Notably, both CHIRPS and ERA5 were found to underestimate rainfall variability, with CHIRPS displaying a slight advantage in representing the erratic nature of Ethiopian rainfall. The study's results highlight considerable performance differences between CHIRPS and ERA5 across varying Ethiopian landscapes and climatic conditions. CHIRPS' effectiveness in high-altitude regions, especially for daily rainfall estimation, emphasizes its suitability in similar geographic contexts. Conversely, the lesser performance of ERA5 in these areas suggests a need for refined calibration and validation processes, particularly for complex terrains. These insights are essential for the application of satellite-based and reanalysis of rainfall data in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological contexts, particularly in topographically and climatically diverse regions.",
-        "output": "Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: According to the interpersonal synergy model of spoken dialogue, interlocutors modify their communicative behaviors to meet the contextual demands of a given conversation. Although a growing body of research supports this postulation for linguistic behaviors (e.g., semantics, syntax), little is understood about how this model applies to speech behaviors (e.g., speech rate, pitch). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that interlocutors adjust their speech behaviors across different conversational tasks with different conversational goals.METHOD: In this study, 28 participants each engaged in two different types of conversations (i.e., relational and informational) with two partners (i.e., Partner 1 and Partner 2), yielding a total of 112 conversations. We compared six acoustic measures of participant speech behavior across conversational task and partner.RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant differences between speech feature measures in informational and relational conversations. Furthermore, these findings were generally robust across conversations with different partners.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that contextual demands influence speech behaviors. These findings provide empirical support for the interpersonal synergy model and highlight important considerations for assessing speech behaviors in individuals with communication disorders.",
+        "output": "Conversational Speech Behaviors Are Context Dependent.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "American Jesse Livermore, considered one of the greattraders of the last century, often made money even when everyone around him was going bankrupt. When the market crashed in October 1929, he reportedly went home to tell his wife that he had made more money than ever before.India\u2019s count of aspiring Livermores may be swelling. The number of people reporting short-term capital gains in Income Tax data has more than doubled since the pandemic to 3.1 million in assessment year 2021-22. This may be what prompted the government to talk about tax reforms on capital",
-        "output": "Despite market downturns, Jesse Livermore's trading prowess allowed him to profit, inspiring a surge in aspiring traders in India, with over 3.1 million reporting short-term capital gains in 2021-22, prompting government consideration of tax reforms.",
-        "system": "",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user's perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at alpha<0.01. Periodontal diagnoses made using PocketPerio correlated with those made by periodontics faculty (gold standard) in all cases. During the mock examination, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses compared to the control (52.73 vs. 13.18%, respectively). Chairside, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of primary (100 vs. 40.0%) and secondary (100 vs. 14.25%) periodontal diagnoses compared to the respective controls. Students regardless of their training year felt more confident in diagnosing periodontal conditions using PocketPerio than their current tools, provided positive feedback on its features, and suggested avenues for its further development.",
+        "output": "The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings.",
+        "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Actress Deepika Padukone has invested an undisclosed amount in specialty coffee company Blue Tokai, it was announced earlier in September. Padukone, through her venture firm Ka Enterprises, has been a regular supporter of Indian startups. So are a range of Indian celebrities: From cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar to TV actor and presenter Gaurav Kapur. In 2021, celebrities invested more than $600 million: It was a bumper year. Startups in organic farming and health care are their favourites, according to Tracxn.",
-        "output": "Actress Deepika Padukone invested in specialty coffee company Blue Tokai through her venture firm Ka Enterprises, joining a growing trend of Indian celebrities investing in startups, with over $600 million invested in 2021, particularly in organic farming and healthcare.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The World Health Assembly in May 2021 was a watershed moment in oral health, with the landmark resolution that designated oral diseases as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This was strongly supported by a host of other NCDs in recognition of the common risk factor principle and acknowledgement of the fact that oral diseases do not occur in isolation from other NCDs, but are commonly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes/obesity, respiratory diseases, metabolic syndrome, a range of other inflammatory disorders and cancers. Regular monitoring and early detection would potentially intercept these NCDs and this could form a central plank of a revamped holistic 'health'- as opposed to 'disease'-oriented health care system.Consultation with patients and dentists reveals strong support for maintaining regular recall intervals, which maintains trust and optimises motivation and compliance. In-person visits could be minimised by using technology, such as remote consultations and longitudinal monitoring systems, making it adaptable to different health care settings and equitable, affordable, cost-effective and sustainable.A new paradigm with dentists as oral health professionals, and the mainstreaming of oral health and population-level prevention, means the future of health care can be guided by integration and workforce modification producing a surveillance-based, early interceptive, preventive model of care.With oral disease on the increase and the participation in NHS dentistry on the decline, the current approach in the UK to managing oral disease in terms of both treatment and prevention is not working.Stimulated by the landmark resolution at the World Health Assembly in May 2021 that has included oral diseases among non-communicable diseases, dentistry has a unique opportunity to integrate in the quest for prevention of oral and other non-communicable diseases.Exemplary models of oral care, which involve integration and workforce modifications, are currently being adopted in the UK and other parts of the world and are worthy of consideration or roll out; one of which is the Scottish Government-supported Childsmile model.The global momentum in public health, driven by the Non-communicable Diseases Alliance, is aimed towards social determinants of health and aligns with the principles of FDI Vision 2030 and the preventative agenda advocated in the WHO Global oral health action plan 2023.",
+        "output": "Could retaining the dental recall interval save NHS dentistry?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Indian stock market will remain closed on October 24 on account of Dussehra. All segments, including equity, derivatives and SLB, will be closed for trading today. The multi-commodity exchange will also be closed for the morning session but will open for trading in the evening session between 5 and 11:30 PM.According to the list of stock market holidays in 2023, this is the second of the two stock market holidays in the month of October. Earlier, the Indian stock market was closed on October 2, 2023, on account of Gandhi Jayanti.In the ongoing calendar year, the stock market has a total of 15 holidays, two more than last year.After October, the market will remain closed for trading on November 14 for Diwali and November 27 for Guru Nanak Jayanti. In December, it will be closed on the 25th for Christmas.On Monday, the Indian stock market closed deep in the red. The benchmark BSE Sensex fell 826 points to close at 64,572. The Nifty50 index, on the other hand, closed at 19,282, down 261 points. Both the indices fell by around 1.3 per cent each.This came against the backdrop of the US Treasury yields hitting the 5 per cent mark, the highest since 2007, as tensions continued in West Asia.Shares across sectors were under pressure as LTIMindtree, Adani Enterprises, Hindalco, UPL, Adani Ports, JSW Steel, Tata Steel, TCS, Tata Motors, HDFC Life, IndusInd Bank, Wipro, Grasim, SBI Life, Hero MotoCorp, SBI, and L&T declined in the range of 2 per cent to 4 per cent.The broad-based losses were led by PSU banks, metals, real estate, and IT stocks. Their respective indices, thus, fell 3.89 per cent, 3.3 per cent, 3.14 per cent, and 2 per cent on the National Stock Exchange (NSE).",
-        "output": "Indian stock markets will remain closed on October 24 for Dussehra, with a total of 15 holidays in 2023, two more than last year. On Monday, the BSE Sensex and Nifty50 indices fell by around 1.3% each due to rising US Treasury yields and tensions in West Asia.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We compare epistemologies and aesthetics in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the Australian New South Wales Stage 6 Visual Arts Syllabus, focusing on curriculum content, pedagogical praxis, and assessment strategies. Both curricula feature making, reflexivity, and critique. International Baccalaureate components are Exhibition, the Process Portfolio, and the Comparative Study. In New South Wales Visual Arts they are the Body of Work and Visual Diary. Issues are the teacher as curriculum; uneven resources; shifting contexts and formulating standardized expectations. In both, qualitative assessment and examination are achieved via articulating criteria and levels of achievement, and examiner training. In International Baccalaureate, what counts as good work can vary in relation to Principal Examiner standards, particularities of context, pedagogy, and resources, with work ranging from sophisticated installations, to anime, to the school art style. In New South Wales Visual Art aesthetic conventions are reinforced because the system is less distributed than International Baccalaureate, where aesthetics become engrained, perpetuating conventions around what counts as good art. In spite of supervening assessment structures, teaching, learning, and assessment in visual arts education is always highly qualitative, unfolding, and rooted in the situated shifting conditions and ways of being in the world of each teacher, student, artwork, examiner, artist, and scholar.",
+        "output": "Epistemologies and Aesthetics of Curriculum, Pedagogical Praxis and Assessment in the Visual Arts: A Comparative Analysis of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the New South Wales Stage 6 Visual Arts Syllabus",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Groundbreaking biomedical research has transformed renal transplantation (RT) into a widespread clinical procedure that represents the mainstay of treatment for end-stage kidney failure today. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on the last half-century of innovation in clinical RT.METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection was used for a comprehensive screening yielding 123303 research items during a 50-y period (January 1973-October 2022). The final data set of the 200 most-cited articles was selected on the basis of a citation-based strategy aiming to minimize bias.RESULTS: Studies on clinical and immunological outcomes (n\u2005=\u200563 and 48), registry-based epi research (n\u2005=\u200538), and randomized controlled trials (n\u2005=\u200535) dominated the data set. Lead US authors have signed 110 of 200 articles. The overall level of evidence was high, with 84% of level1 and -2 reports. Highest numbers of these articles were published in New England Journal of Medicine , Transplantation , and American Journal of Transplantation. Increasing trend was observed in the number of female authors in the postmillennial era (26% versus 7%).CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights important trends in RT research of the past half-century. This bibliometric perspective identifies the most intensively researched areas and shift of research interests over time; however, it also describes important imbalances in distribution of academic prolificacy based on topic, geographical aspects, and gender.",
-        "output": "Clinical Research in Renal Transplantation: A Bibliometric Perspective on a Half-century of Innovation and Progress.",
+        "input": "The pressure knapping technique develops circa 25,000 cal BP in Northeast Asia and excels at producing highly standardized microblades. Microblade pressure knapping spreads throughout most of Northeast Asia up to the Russian Arctic, and Alaska, in areas where the human presence was unknown. Swan Point CZ4b is the earliest uncontested evidence of human occupation of Alaska, at around 14,000 cal BP. It yields a pressure microblade component produced with the Yubetsu method, which is widespread in Northeast Asia during the Late Glacial period. Through the techno-functional analysis of 634 lithic pieces from this site, this study seeks to identify the techno-economical purposes for which the Yubetsu method was implemented. Data show that the microblade production system is related to an economy based on the planning of future needs, which is visible through blanks standardization, their overproduction, their functional versatility, and the segmentation of part of the chaine operatoire. This expresses the efficiency and economic value of the microblade production system. The flexible use of pressure microblades identified at Swan Point CZ4b is also found in Japan, Korea, Kamchatka, and the North Baikal region, suggesting that their modes of use accompany the spread of early microblade pressure knapping over an immense territory across Beringia.Les debitages par pression emergent ca. 25,000 cal BP au Nord-Est de l'Asie et permettent la confection de lamelles particulierement standardisees, notamment au moyen de la methode Yubetsu (i.e., debitage lamellaire a partir de preformes bifaciales). Ce bagage technique novateur accompagne le developpement de l'occupation humaine en zone arctique et subarctique pendant le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire et le Tardiglaciaire et se retrouve dans la plupart de l'Asie du Nord-Est jusqu'a l'Arctique russe, et en Alaska. Swan Point CZ4b livre les plus anciennes industries connues en Alaska (ca. 14,000 cal BP) et c'est egalement le seul site d'Amerique du Nord ou le debitage lamellaire est exclusivement realise selon la methode Yubetsu. A partir de l'analyse techno-fonctionnelle d'un corpus de 634 pieces lithiques de ce site, l'objectif est d'identifier les finalites techniques pour lesquelles etait mise en oe uvre la methode Yubetsu, en questionnant le fonctionnement et l'economie de l'outillage. Les donnees acquises revelent que le debitage lamellaire par pression etait lie a une forte anticipation des besoins (i.e., standardisation des lamelles permettant de repondre aux contraintes de l'emmanchement ; surproduction en prevision des besoins futurs en outils non uses ; possible transport de preformes bifaciales permettant de differer leur utilisation ; production de preformes bifaciales utilisees comme outil et comme nucleus) et ne repond pas a une specialisation fonctionnelle : les lamelles ont servi en armature de couteau pour la decoupe voire le raclage, et en armature de projectile. Cette flexibilite fonctionnelle des lamelles par pression est egalement presente au Japon, en Coree, au Kamtchatka et en Siberie orientale, ce qui suggere que leurs modalites de mise en oe uvre ont accompagne la diffusion des premieres technologies lamellaires par pression sur un territoire immense, de part et d'autre du detroit de Bering.",
+        "output": "Early Beringian Traditions: Functioning and Economy of the Stone Toolkit from Swan Point CZ4b, Alaska",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Introduction: Mailed stool testing for colorectal cancer (CRC) may improve screening uptake and reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC, especially among patients at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). To expand screening programs it is important to identify cost-effective approaches.Methods: We developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost, effects on screening and patient outcomes (CRCs detected, CRCs prevented, CRC deaths prevented), and cost-effectiveness of implementing a state-wide mailed stool testing program over 5 years among unscreened, age-eligible (aged 50-75 y) patients at FQHCs in Texas. We compared various outreach strategies and organizational structures (centralized, regional, or a hybrid). We used data from our existing regional mailed stool testing program and recent systematic reviews to set parameters for the model. Costs included start-up and ongoing activities and were estimated in 2022 US dollars from the perspective of a hypothetical third-party payer. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by using both incremental and average cost-effectiveness ratios.Results: Using either a statewide centralized or hybrid organizational configuration to mail stool tests to newly eligible FQHC patients and patients who have responded at least once since program inception is likely to result in the best use of resources over 5 years, enabling more than 110,000 additional screens, detecting an incremental 181 to 194 CRCs, preventing 91 to 98 CRCs, and averting 46 to 50 CRC deaths, at a cost of $10 million to $11 million compared with no program.Conclusions: A statewide mailed stool testing program for FQHC patients can be implemented at reasonable cost with considerable effects on CRC screening outcomes, especially when its structure maximizes program efficiency while maintaining effectiveness.",
-        "output": "Costs and Projected Effect of a Federally Qualified Health Center-Based Mailed Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Texas.",
+        "input": "The nonrandom association between landscape characteristics and the dominant life history strategies observed in species pools is a typical pattern in nature. Here, we argue that these associations determine predictable changes in the relative importance of assembly mechanisms along broadscale geographic gradients (i.e., the geographic context of metacommunity dynamics). To demonstrate that, we employed simulation models in which groups of species with the same initial distribution of niche breadths and dispersal abilities interacted across a wide range of landscapes with contrasting characteristics. By assessing the traits of dominant species in the species pool in each landscape type, we determined how different landscape characteristics select for different life history strategies at the metacommunity level. We analyzed the simulated data using the same analytical approaches used in the study of empirical metacommunities to derive predictions about the causal relationships between landscape characteristics and dominant life histories in species pools, as well as their reciprocal influence on empirical inferences regarding the assembly process. We provide empirical support for these predictions by contrasting the assembly of moth metacommunities in a tropical versus a temperate mountainous landscape. Together, our model framework and empirical analyses demonstrate how the geographic context of metacommunities influences our understanding of community assembly across broadscale ecological gradients.",
+        "output": "The Geography of Metacommunities: Landscape Characteristics Drive Geographic Variation in the Assembly Process through Selecting Species Pool Attributes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We analyzed hospital discharge records of patients with coccidioidomycosis-related codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, to estimate the prevalence of hospital visits associated with the disease in Texas, USA. Using Texas Health Care Information Collection data for 2016-2021, we investigated the demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of the affected population, assessed prevalence of hospital visits for coccidioidomycosis, and examined how prevalence varied by demographic and geographic factors. In Texas, 709 coccidioidomycosis-related inpatient and outpatient hospital visits occurred in 2021; prevalence was 3.17 cases per 100,000 total hospital visits in 2020. Geographic location, patient sex, and race/ethnicity were associated with increases in coccidioidomycosis-related hospital visits; male, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients had the highest prevalence of coccidioidomycosis compared with other groups. Increased surveillance and healthcare provider education and outreach are needed to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of coccidioidomycosis in Texas and elsewhere.",
-        "output": "Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hospital Visits, Texas, USA, 2016-2021.",
+        "input": "Axiomatic proof/refutation systems for the paraconsistent modal logics: KN4 and KN4.D are presented. The completeness proofs boil down to showing that every sequent is either provable or refutable. By constructing finite tree-type countermodels from refutations, the refined characterizations of these logics by classes of finite tree-type frames are established. The axiom systems also provide decision procedures for these logics.",
+        "output": "Refutations and Proofs in the Paraconsistent Modal Logics: KN4 and KN4.D",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 12 (IANS) Disney-owned animation studio Pixar is set to cut jobs this year, the media reported.According to TechCrunch, citing sources, the job cuts could be significant and as high as 20 per cent -- reducing Pixar's team from 1,300 to less than 1,000 over the coming months.However, the company said that those numbers are too high.As per the studio, the number of employees who will be laid off is still being determined due to factors such as production schedules and staffing for future greenlit films.The studio clarified that the layoffs are not imminent, but will occur later this year as Pixar focuses on creating less content, the report mentioned.In the fourth quarter (Q4), Disney+ added seven million new subscribers, bringing its total to 150.2 million, including Hotstar, which was above analysts' projections of 148.15 million subscribers.Disney+'s ad-supported consumers increased by two million to 5.2 million, with more than half of new US customers selecting an ad-supported package.In June last year, Pixar laid off 75 employees, including the director and producer of 'Lightyear'.Lightyear failed to impress at the box office, although it was well-received on the streaming platform Disney+. It made $226.7 million worldwide on a reported $ 200 million budget.Pixar is well-known for its film franchises, such as Toy Story, The Incredibles, and Finding Nemo.--IANSshs/svn",
-        "output": "Pixar, owned by Disney, plans to lay off a significant number of employees, potentially up to 20%, to reduce its workforce from 1,300 to less than 1,000 due to a focus on creating less content.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The US West Coast's earthquake early warning system ShakeAlert detects earthquakes as they happen and creates rapid signals that can reach users before shaking does. ShakeAlert is an ambitious system, involving many entities and elements. Its development and operation require interdisciplinary and interagency collaboration. In this paper, we consider these relationships and their effects, drawing on participant observation and 36 interviews from between 2019 and 2021 with people in university, government, and industry roles related to ShakeAlert. We describe what is involved in operating the system as riskwork, referencing a sociological literature on the many activities required to do risk analysis and risk mitigation. To reveal the complexities of ShakeAlert's earthquake early warning riskwork, we first outline ShakeAlert's history. Then, we consider the experiences of developing the system during the years it began to be widely available in California, Washington, and Oregon. We analyze research participants' reflections related to a theme consistent across many of their experiences: that of uncertainty. The uncertainties we consider here are related to the purpose of the ShakeAlert system, structures and processes for organization and collaboration, and system use and users. We show how these uncertainties are institutional in nature; related to the very interdisciplinary and interagency nature of the project and, consequently, difficult to resolve. We discuss interrogate their implications for the ShakeAlert system. Doing so, we raise concerns about how riskwork undertaken under conditions of these institutionalized uncertainties may reduce opportunities for members of some groups to participate meaningfully in decision-making. Our research contributes to efforts to document and better understand the riskwork entailed in hazard risk mitigation, as well as the institutionalized uncertainties that can emerge in such contexts. It is also our hope that it will also facilitate the mobilization of support for those whose work we describe.This paper foregrounds aspects of operating an earthquake early warning system that are rarely written about. It describes qualitative and descriptive research, and as such its goals are largely to advance understanding about the kinds of work that ShakeAlert entails, and so what other earthquake early warning systems and projects like them also might involve. Practical applications of findings might include (1) efforts to support for riskworkers who labor in conditions of institutional uncertainty, including acknowledgment of the challenges they take on and adjustment of expectations as possible; (2) creation of opportunities for riskworkers to network and build relationships of trust with each other to facilitate collaboration; (3) development of processes for assuring inclusion of groups key to a project's success but not well networked with others in order to formally increase pathways for inclusion; and (4) reduction of institutionalized uncertainties where and when possible. While conditions related to ShakeAlert have changed since data was collected, practical applications of findings described here are also relevant to other interdisciplinary and interagency risk mitigation projects.",
+        "output": "Earthquake Early Warning Riskwork: ShakeAlert's Operation with Institutionalized Uncertainties",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In the realm of trading, the Nifty Metal Index, currently positioned at 7,046.90, presents an intriguing scenario. It's crucial to dissect the short-term and near-term trends to glean insights into its future trajectory.Firstly, the short-term perspective unveils a bullish trend on the charts. This indicates that in the recent past, the index experienced a positive rally. It's the kind of news that excites traders looking for opportunities to go long.However, when we shift our gaze to the near-term outlook, a different picture emerges. The index seems to be in the midst of a pullback phase, following the previous rally. This essentially means that although the short-term trend suggests optimism, the near-term environment may be slightly bearish.The current phase, marked by the pullback, presents an intriguing buying opportunity. This is especially relevant for those who prefer to accumulate assets when they are trading near support levels. The anticipated support zones for the Nifty Metal Index are approximately at 7,020, 6,955, and 6,910.As per the best trading strategy, it's advisable to consider buying on dips, but with a critical caveat. Maintain strict stop-loss strategy to safeguard against the unexpected.In this context, a close below 6,850 should serve as a significant alarm bell. This would signify a trend shift towards the bearish side. In such a scenario, the next support levels to watch would be at 6,780 and 6,650.In conclusion, the Nifty Metal Index's short-term bullish trend, coupled with the near-term pullback, sets the stage for a strategic accumulation opportunity. Keep a close eye on those support levels, and trade wisely.The Nifty Energy Index, currently positioned at 27,420.55, presents an intriguing blend of trends - a bearish short-term outlook coupled with a bullish near-term perspective. Let's break down what this means for traders.In the short term, the index appears to be caught in a bearish grip. This implies that recent movements have been on a downward trajectory. For those looking at quick gains, this can offer potential opportunities.However, in the near term, a different story unfolds. The index seems to be gearing up for a more positive phase. This means that while the short-term picture suggests caution, the near-term view paints a more optimistic scenario.Given the bearish sentiment in the short term, a strategic stance would be selling on rises or near key resistance levels. These resistance levels are expected to emerge around 27,580, 27,736, and 27,830. To prudently manage risk, it's recommended to implement stop-loss orders.In this context, a sensible stop-loss level would be positioned just above 27,950. Summing Up The Nifty Energy Index's current landscape, marked by a bearish short-term trend and a bullish near-term outlook, suggests a tactful trading approach. Capitalizing on selling opportunities, particularly around the aforementioned resistance levels, aligns with the prevailing market conditions.",
-        "output": "Nifty Metal Index presents a buying opportunity near support levels (7,020, 6,955, 6,910) despite a near-term pullback, while Nifty Energy Index offers selling opportunities near resistance levels (27,580, 27,736, 27,830) due to a bearish short-term trend.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Purpose Immune-related thyroid adverse events (irTAEs) occur frequently following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about the incidence, clinical timeline characteristics, associated factors of irTAEs, and potential impact on treatment efficacy in patients with melanoma receiving adjuvant ICI therapy. Methods A national multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma treated with adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors between November 2018 and December 2020. Data were extracted from the Danish Metastatic Melanoma Database. The irTAEs were defined as two consecutive abnormal TSH values and subdivided into transient or persistent. Results Of 454 patients, 99 developed an irTAE (21.8%), of these were 46 transient (46.5%) and 53 persistent (53.5%). Median time to transient and persistent irTAE was 55 and 44 days, respectively (p = 0.57). A hyperthyroid phase followed by hypothyroidism was seen in 73.6% of persistent irTAEs, whereas 87% of transient irTAEs developed an isolated hypo- or hyperthyroid phase. Multiple variable analysis demonstrated an association between irTAE and female sex (HR 2.45; 95% CI 1.63-3.70; p < 0.001), but no association with recurrence-free survival (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.50-1.48; p = 0.587) or overall survival (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.52-2.12, p = 0.891). Conclusions IrTAE is a common side effect to PD-1 inhibitors primarily occurring within the first 3 months, with a high risk of persistency. Female sex is a strong predictive factor. IrTAE was not associated with improved clinical outcome.",
+        "output": "Frequency and characteristics of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma treated with adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors: a national cohort study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PARIS - CARMAT (Euronext Growth:ALCAR), a French MedTech company specializing in advanced total artificial heart solutions, has announced a significant milestone with 50 implants of its Aeson\u00ae artificial heart since the first procedure in December 2013. The company, which celebrated its 15th anniversary in 2023, also reported a substantial increase in sales in the fourth quarter of 2023, with 11 of the 17 implants for the year occurring in that period, resulting in a turnover of \u20ac2.8 million.The Aeson\u00ae heart represents a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced biventricular heart failure, offering a therapeutic alternative to heart transplants. The device is unique in its ability to adapt blood flow in real time to the patient's needs, without the risk of rejection or a heavy drug regimen.Throughout 2023, CARMAT expanded its commercial reach, training 41 hospitals across 12 countries to perform Aeson\u00ae implants. The company's manufacturing capacity has also increased, with the potential to produce up to 500 artificial hearts annually, starting early 2024. This expansion corresponds to a projected annual sales potential of around \u20ac100 million.CARMAT's Aeson\u00ae has been supported by leading cardiologists in Europe and the United States and is becoming a reference solution for patients eligible for transplantation. The company has enhanced the device's safety profile with software improvements that automatically correct potential malfunctions, ensuring uninterrupted patient support.Looking forward to 2024, CARMAT anticipates sales between \u20ac14 million and \u20ac20 million, with plans to train approximately fifty hospitals for commercial implants by year-end. The company also aims to carry out around thirty implants as part of the EFICAS study in France and reduce its cash burn by about 20% compared to 2023.CARMAT's long-term ambition is to make Aeson\u00ae a \"destination therapy\" device, a long-term support solution for patients not eligible for heart transplants. The company believes that Aeson\u00ae is the only existing device with the potential to fulfill this role due to its biocompatibility and safety profile.To support its objectives, CARMAT will soon launch a capital increase to extend its cash runway beyond the end of January 2024 and partially finance its needs for the upcoming 12 months, estimated to require a minimum of \u20ac50 million.This news is based on a press release statement from CARMAT, detailing the company's achievements and forward-looking plans.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "CARMAT, a French MedTech company, has achieved a milestone of 50 implants of its Aeson\u00ae artificial heart since 2013, with a significant increase in sales in Q4 2023, resulting in a turnover of \u20ac2.8 million. The company aims for sales between \u20ac14 million and \u20ac20 million in 2024, with plans to train 50 hospitals for commercial implants and reduce cash burn by 20%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The key to controlling environmental pollution is to promote green innovation in relevant enterprises and achieve a healthy development of the environmental governance system. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of environmental protection enterprises, polluting enterprises, and governments, and conducts in-depth research on the influencing factors that promote green innovation in two types of enterprises. MATLAB software is used to analyze the impact of different degrees of influencing variables on system evolution. It has found that (1) increasing the intensity of environmental governance and the level of innovation subsidies by the government can effectively promote green innovation in both types of enterprises. (2) The varying degrees of innovation compensation from polluting enterprises to environmental protection enterprises have a significant impact on system evolution. (3) The initial intention and population size of two types of enterprise entities will have a significant impact on system evolution. In the initial state, subjects with more green innovation are less willing to change their strategies during the evolution process, while the willingness of the other party to green innovation will be suppressed.",
+        "output": "Evolutionary game analysis of factors influencing green innovation in Enterprises under environmental governance constraints",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America's Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald, and Professional Boatbuilder, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen's account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson's book The Ethics of Technology (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a moral map.",
-        "output": "Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics.",
+        "input": "This article explores Indigenous perspectives on archaeology in Canada and the United States and the role of archaeologists in engaging with Indigenous communities. As part of our study, we interviewed Indigenous community members about their experiences in archaeology and their thoughts on the discipline. We analyzed each interview thematically to identify patterns of meaning across the dataset and to develop common themes in the interview transcripts. Based on the results of our analysis, we identified six themes in the data: (1) Euro-colonialism damaged and interrupted Indigenous history, and archaeology offers Indigenous community members an opportunity to reconnect with their past; (2) archaeological practices restrict access of Indigenous community members to archaeological information and archaeological materials; (3) cultural resource management (CRM) is outpacing the capacity of Indigenous communities to engage meaningfully with archaeologists; (4) the codification of archaeology through standards, guidelines, and technical report writing limits the goals of the discipline; (5) archaeological methods are inconsistent and based on individual, or company-wide, funding and decision-making; and (6) archaeological software offers a new opportunity for Indigenous communities and archaeologists to collaborate on projects.Este articulo explora las perspectivas indigenas sobre la arqueologia en Canada y Estados Unidos, asi como el papel de los arqueologos en la interaccion con las comunidades indigenas. Como parte de nuestro estudio, realizamos entrevistas con miembros de comunidades indigenas acerca de sus experiencias y percepciones en relacion con la arqueologia. Mediante un analisis tematico, cada entrevista fue examinada para identificar patrones de significado en el conjunto de datos y desarrollar temas comunes en las transcripciones de las entrevistas. A partir de los resultados de nuestro analisis, identificamos seis temas principales en los datos: (1) El eurocolonialismo causo dano e interrupciones en la historia indigena, siendo la arqueologia una via para que los miembros de la comunidad indigena se reconecten con su pasado; (2) Las practicas arqueologicas limitan el acceso de los miembros de la comunidad indigena a informacion y materiales arqueologicos; (3) La Gestion de Recursos Culturales (CRM por sus siglas en ingles) supera la capacidad de las comunidades indigenas para interactuar significativamente con los arqueologos; (4) La codificacion de la arqueologia a traves de estandares, pautas y redaccion tecnica de informes impone limitaciones en los objetivos de la disciplina; (5) Los metodos arqueologicos son inconsistentes y a menudo influenciados por la financiacion y toma de decisiones a nivel individual o empresarial; y (6) los softwares arqueologicos presentan una oportunidad novedosa para la colaboracion entre comunidades indigenas y arqueologos en iniciativas de proyectos.",
+        "output": "Thematic Analysis of Indigenous Perspectives on Archaeology and Cultural Resource Management Industries",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups.METHODS: Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2017 linked to Area Health Resources Files were used to analyze Medicare fee-for-service patients aged 65 or above with continuous Parts A/B/D coverage. The intervention group included new MTM enrollees in 2017; the control group referred to patients who met the general MTM eligible criteria but did not enroll in 2016 or 2017. The 2 groups were matched using a propensity score method. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of appropriate medication utilization based on performance measures developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Costs were computed as total healthcare costs from Medicare perspective. A multivariable net benefit regressions with a classic linear model and Bayesian analysis were utilized. Net benefit was calculated based on willingness-to-pay thresholds at various multiples of the gross domestic product in 2017. Three-way interaction terms among dummy variables for MTM enrollment, 2017, and racial/ethnic minority groups were incorporated in a difference-in-differences study design.RESULTS: After adjusting for patient characteristics, the findings indicate that MTM receipt was associated with incremental net benefit among each race and ethnicity. For instance, the net benefit of MTM among the non-Hispanic White patients was $2498 (95% confidence interval\u2005=\u2005$1609, $3386) at a willingness-to-pay value of $59,908. The study found no significant difference in net benefits for MTM services between minority and White patients.CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that MTM is a cost-effective tool for managing medication utilization among the Medicare population. However, MTM may not be cost-effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilization in the short term. Further research is needed to understand the long-term cost-effectiveness of MTM on racial/ethnic disparities.",
-        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups.",
+        "input": "Interventions aimed at reducing prejudice toward refugees have shown promise in industrialized countries. However, the vast majority of refugees are in developing countries. Moreover, while these interventions focus on individual attitude change, attitudes often do not shift in isolation; people are embedded in rich social networks. We conducted a field experiment in northwestern Uganda (host to over a million refugees) and find that perspective-taking warmed individual attitudes there in the short term. We also find that the treatment effect spills over from treated households to control ones along social ties, that spillovers can be positive or negative depending on the source, and that peoples' attitudes change based on informal conversations with others in the network after the treatment. The findings show the importance of understanding the social process that can reinforce or unravel individual-level attitude change toward refugees; it appears essential to designing interventions with a lasting effect on attitudes.",
+        "output": "Reducing Prejudice toward Refugees: Evidence That Social Networks Influence Attitude Change in Uganda",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Since its launch in early 2019, the National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) \u2013 a contactless card that can be leveraged for accessing multiple modes of transport \u2013 has witnessed tremendous traction. The NCMC enables travellers to pay for a cross-section of needs, including toll tax, retail shopping, and withdrawing money. It is accepted across major transport systems, such as the Delhi Metro Corporation, Mumbai Metro and the Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport Undertaking, and Goa\u2019s Kadamba Transport Corporation bus service. The NCMC facilitates convenient travel while integrating last-mile connectivity, a must in India\u2019s extensive landscape.The NCMC was launched by the",
-        "output": "Launched in 2019, the National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) has gained popularity as a contactless card for various transport modes, including toll payments, retail purchases, and cash withdrawals. It is accepted across major transport systems in India, facilitating convenient travel and integrating last-mile connectivity.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Loneliness is a public health issue among older adults. We designed an intervention offering 10 sessions with diverse artistic methods (ArtGran). This study assessed the effectiveness of ArtGran in reducing loneliness and its negative effects on health in community-dwelling older adults in 2022 in Barcelona.STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study, with an intervention group (IG) and a comparison group (CG).METHODS: The sample included residents aged \u226570 years from 6 selected neighbourhoods of Barcelona. In each neighbourhood, an IG and a CG was formed with participants who reported loneliness and without special mobility needs. The participants were referred from primary care centres, social services, and community health centres. We included 138 participants (IG=63, CG=75). We collected data on loneliness, quality of life (QoL-5D), mood, and self-perceived health before and after the intervention through validated questionnaires. To assess the effect of the intervention, we built Poisson models with robust variance and linear regression models.RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, participants in the IG were more likely than those in the CG to be able to perform their usual activities without problems (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45). Compared with the CG, participants in the IG attending more than half of the sessions had lower levels of loneliness (aPR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.07-1.73), a better ability to perform their usual activities (aPR [95%CI]=1.24 [1.05-1.48]), and higher happiness scores (beta=0.73; P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the intervention was more pronounced when participants had high attendance. Our results suggest that high attendance of the ArtGran program was helpful in shielding older individuals from loneliness, fostering positive moods, and preserving their functional status.",
+        "output": "Evaluation of effectiveness of an art-based museum intervention in reducing loneliness among older adults (ArtGran): a quasi-experimental study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Initial Public Offering (IPO) of ethnic apparel retailer Sai Silks (Kalamandir) was subscribed 4.40 times on the last day of bidding on Friday.The Rs 1,201 crore-initial share sale received bids for 16,94,58,544 shares against 3,84,86,309 shares on offer, according to data available with the NSE.The quota for Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) received 12.35 times subscription while the quota for non-institutional investors was subscribed 2.47 times. The category for Retail Individual Investors (RIIs) was subscribed 88 per cent.The public issue had a fresh issue of up to Rs 600 crore and an offer for sale of up to 2.70 crore equity shares.Price range for the offer was Rs 210-222 a share.The IPO of Sai Silks (Kalamandir) was subscribed 33 per cent on the second day of offer on Thursday.On Monday, Sai Silks said it has raised over Rs 360 crore from anchor investors.The Hyderabad-based company was founded by Prasad Chalavadi, a techie turned entrepreneur in 2005.It has four store formats -- Kalamandir, VaraMahalakshmi Silks, Mandir, and KLM Fashion Mall.As of July 31, 2023, the company had a network of 54 stores in four major south Indian states -- Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.The equity shares of the company will be listed on the BSE and NSE.Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors, HDFC Bank and Nuvama Wealth Management were the managers to the offer.",
-        "output": "Sai Silks (Kalamandir) IPO was subscribed 4.40 times on the last day of bidding, with QIBs subscribing 12.35 times, non-institutional investors 2.47 times, and RIIs 88%. The IPO raised over Rs 360 crore from anchor investors and will be listed on BSE and NSE.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the history of pellagra and recovers the role of artist and illustrator John Carroll who, in 1919, painted portraits of people with the vitamin deficiency to document in color the appearance of pellagra skin plaques.",
+        "output": "The Pellagra Portraits",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Mixed reality offers potential educational advantages in the delivery of clinical teaching. Holographic artefacts can be rendered within a shared learning environment using devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens2. In addition to facilitating remote access to clinical events, mixed reality may provide a means of sharing mental models, including the vertical and horizontal integration of curricular elements at the bedside. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering clinical tutorials using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 and the learning efficacy achieved.METHODS: Following receipt of institutional ethical approval, tutorials on preoperative anaesthetic history taking and upper airway examination were facilitated by a tutor who wore the HoloLens device. The tutor interacted face to face with a patient and two-way audio-visual interaction was facilitated using the HoloLens 2 and Microsoft Teams with groups of students who were located in a separate tutorial room. Holographic functions were employed by the tutor. The tutor completed the System Usability Scale, the tutor, technical facilitator, patients, and students provided quantitative and qualitative feedback, and three students participated in semi-structured feedback interviews. Students completed pre- and post-tutorial, and end-of-year examinations on the tutorial topics.RESULTS: Twelve patients and 78 students participated across 12 separate tutorials. Five students did not complete the examinations and were excluded from efficacy calculations. Student feedback contained 90 positive comments, including the technology's ability to broadcast the tutor's point-of-vision, and 62 negative comments, where students noted issues with the audio-visual quality, and concerns that the tutorial was not as beneficial as traditional in-person clinical tutorials. The technology and tutorial structure were viewed favourably by the tutor, facilitator and patients. Significant improvement was observed between students' pre- and post-tutorial MCQ scores (mean 59.2% Vs 84.7%, p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the HoloLens 2 to facilitate remote bedside tutorials which incorporate holographic learning artefacts. Students' examination performance supports substantial learning of the tutorial topics. The tutorial structure was agreeable to students, patients and tutor. Our results support the feasibility of offering effective clinical teaching and learning opportunities using the HoloLens 2. However, the technical limitations and costs of the device are significant, and further research is required to assess the effectiveness of this tutorial format against in-person tutorials before wider roll out of this technology can be recommended as a result of this study.",
-        "output": "Delivering clinical tutorials to medical students using the Microsoft HoloLens 2: A mixed-methods evaluation.",
+        "input": "Previous studies on attrition from MD-PhD programs have shown that students who self-identify as Black are more likely to withdraw before graduating than Hispanic students and students not from groups underrepresented in medicine (non-UIM). Here, we analyzed data collected for the National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study, a national effort to track the careers of over 10,000 individuals who have graduated from MD-PhD programs over the past 60 years. On average, Black trainees took slightly longer to graduate, were less likely to choose careers in academia, and were more likely to enter nonacademic clinical practice; although, none of these differences were large. Black graduates were also more likely to choose careers in surgery or internal medicine, or entirely forego residency, and less likely to choose pediatrics, pathology, or neurology. Among those in academia, average research effort rates self-reported by Black, Hispanic, and non-UIM alumni were indistinguishable, as were rates of obtaining research grants and mentored training awards. However, the proportion of Black and Hispanic alumni who reported having NIH research grants was lower than that of non-UIM alumni, and the NIH career development to research project grant (K-to-R) conversion rate was lower for Black alumni. We propose that the reasons for these differences reflect experiences before, during, and after training and, therefore, conclude with action items that address each of these stages.",
+        "output": "The National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study: career paths followed by Black and Hispanic graduates.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Rising oil prices that can stoke inflation fears, firm bond yields and a patchy monsoon back home can trigger a market correction in the short-to-medium term, feel analysts, who suggest investors will be better off sticking to large-caps stocks.\"India's strong outperformance meets some resistance in the form of rising crude prices, firming US bond yields and risk of inflation. Mid-cap rallies also warrant some caution and leave large-caps relatively more appealing and candidates for re-rating,\" wrote Herald van der Linde, head of equity strategy for Asia Pacific at HSBC in a recent coauthored note with Amit Sachdeva and Anurag",
-        "output": "Rising oil prices, firm bond yields, and a patchy monsoon in India could trigger a market correction in the short-to-medium term, with analysts recommending investors stick to large-cap stocks.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Workplace-based assessment (WBA) used in post-graduate medical education relies on physician supervisors' feedback. However, in a training environment where supervisors are unavailable to assess certain aspects of a resident's performance, nurses are well-positioned to do so. The Ottawa Resident Observation Form for Nurses (O-RON) was developed to capture nurses' assessment of trainee performance and results have demonstrated strong evidence for validity in Orthopedic Surgery. However, different clinical settings may impact a tool's performance. This project studied the use of the O-RON in three different specialties at the University of Ottawa.METHODS: O-RON forms were distributed on Internal Medicine, General Surgery, and Obstetrical wards at the University of Ottawa over nine months. Validity evidence related to quantitative data was collected. Exit interviews with nurse managers were performed and content was thematically analyzed.RESULTS: 179 O-RONs were completed on 30 residents. With four forms per resident, the ORON's reliability was 0.82. Global judgement response and frequency of concerns was correlated (r=0.627, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the original study, the findings demonstrated strong evidence for validity. However, the number of forms collected was less than expected. Exit interviews identified factors impacting form completion, which included clinical workloads and interprofessional dynamics.",
+        "output": "The Ottawa resident observation form for nurses (O-RON): evaluation of an assessment tool's psychometric properties in different specialties.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 10 (IANS) The IT sector is expected to post a weak quarter with a sequential decline, HDFC Securities said in a report.This is due to increased furloughs, Q3 seasonality, a prolonged deal conversion cycle, and compression in discretionary and renewals.Positive factors for the quarter include the ramp-up of mega deals (BSNL/Verizon for TCS/HCLT) and consistent deal activity.However, most of the supply-side indicators, such as tech job postings, remain soft and do not signal any recovery \u2018yet\u2019. Although the recent trajectory of rates can support valuation multiples (high inverse correlation), it\u2019s unlikely that tech budgets will improve materially, the report said.This is because a \u2018slowdown\u2019 in economic growth remains a baseline scenario, leading enterprises to prioritise cost optimisation over transformation initiatives.\u201cIn the Indian IT landscape, we expect three developments: (1) growth divergence within the sector in the near term, (2) margin recovery with favourable supply-side factors, and (3) mid-tier IT sustaining its relative outperformance,\u201d the report said.Elara Securities said in a report that earnings for IT may decline 3 per cent YoY as furloughs weigh down on operating margins. IT may face a challenging quarter, with furloughs weighing on operating margins in an already-weak quarter. Expect the disconnect between revenue growth and deal wins to continue.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "The IT sector is expected to post a weak quarter with a sequential decline due to increased furloughs, Q3 seasonality, and a prolonged deal conversion cycle. Earnings for IT may decline 3% YoY as furloughs weigh down on operating margins.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Episodic memory gives us the ability to mentally travel back in time to revisit and relive past experiences. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the function of episodic memory. According to the orthodox view, episodic memory should be considered a part of a constructive system that simulates the future for sophisticated foresight and flexible planning. In this paper, I offer a novel alternative view. I argue that episodic memory provides invaluable information about the past behavior of others, allowing us to identify reliable and trustworthy partners while avoiding dealing with cheaters. Theoretical models demonstrate that cooperation in groups can be maintained if potential partners use information about an individual's past behavior to guide their behavior toward that individual. In these reputation-based models of human cooperation, individuals with a history of cheating are ostracized, whereas those with a history of cooperative behavior flourish. Against this theoretical background, it is possible to see a function of episodic memory in facilitating information exchange about others, helping group members make effective partner choices, and avoiding the risk of interacting with cheaters. If correct, episodic memory may have played a significant role in the evolution of human cooperation.",
+        "output": "Can episodic memory deter cheating and promote altruism?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Genesis Global Trading, a prominent cryptocurrency firm, has agreed to pay an $8 million fine and will surrender its BitLicense, effectively ceasing its operations in New York. This decision comes as a result of an enforcement investigation led by DFS Superintendent Adrienne A. Harris, which uncovered a series of regulatory violations.The investigation, which began with audits from May 2018 to March 2019, revealed that Genesis had multiple breaches in anti-money laundering protocols and cybersecurity measures. The subsequent inquiry confirmed the company's non-compliance with stringent virtual currency regulations and cybersecurity standards set by the authorities.Genesis Global Trading has faced legal scrutiny before. It has been embroiled in legal disputes with both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the New York Attorney General over allegations of unregistered securities offerings. Additionally, the company has been linked to the now-bankrupt entities Three Arrows Capital and Alameda Research, which have been central to broader industry upheavals.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Genesis Global Trading, a cryptocurrency firm, has agreed to pay an $8 million fine and surrender its BitLicense due to regulatory violations uncovered by an investigation led by DFS Superintendent Adrienne A. Harris. The investigation revealed breaches in anti-money laundering protocols and cybersecurity measures, leading to the company's non-compliance with virtual currency regulations and cybersecurity standards.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Extant studies focus on the impact of environmental regulation on regional economic growth or environmental pollution, and a lot of research outcomes have been made. However, from the perspective of corporate green sustainable development, the question of whether carbon emission trading represents a green blessing remains unclear. To address this issue, we employ a staggered difference-in-differences model to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CETPP) on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of listed manufacturing companies in China. Our results demonstrate that: a) CETPP can effectively promote corporate GTFP, and the robustness of this result is verified through a series of checks; b) the mediating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is critical in the relationship between CETPP and corporate GTFP, with environmental and governance performance serving as two key transmission channels; and c) CEO green experience and public environmental concern both play the moderating roles on the relationship between CETPP and GTFP; d) CETPP has a stronger positive impact on GTFP of private enterprises and enterprises in the maturity life cycle; and e) CETPP has a spatial spillover effect on GTFP, and the effect will decay as spatial distance increases. Our study offers both theoretical and practical implications for enterprises to achieve their green economic development objectives, so as to promote China's high-quality development.",
+        "output": "Effects of carbon emission trading system on corporate green total factor productivity: Does environmental regulation play a role of green blessing?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "St Agnes Museum, Cornwall, currently holds in its collections a paint box with a metal plaque reading 'John Opie 1806', containing pigments and other artists' materials. John Opie produced hundreds of oil paintings until his untimely death in 1807 and was a well-known and successful painter of portraits and historical scenes. However, his work has been little studied, in comparison to his contemporaries such as Joshua Reynolds. This paper discusses the identification of the pigments in the paint box using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Seven pigments have been identified as ultramarine, lead white, fustic and carmine lakes, carbon black (likely ivory), hematite, and burnt sienna, consistent with the bottle labels where present. The identification has been further confirmed using historical literature, which has shown that the pigments are likely to be contemporary with the stated date of 1806. This information adds to the body of knowledge about the artist specifically, and the artists pigments generally available at the time.",
-        "output": "The Technical Examination of Nineteenth-Century Artists' Pigments from John Opie's Paintbox",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types considering sex and age.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea including 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed with an FPC in 2009 to 2010 and followed them until December 31, 2019. We measured the SPC incidence per 10,000 person-years and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) compared with the incidence expected in the general population.RESULTS: Among 266,241 survivors (mean age at FPC: 55.7 years; 149,352/266,241, 56.1% women), 7348 SPCs occurred during 1,003,008 person-years of follow-up (median 4.3 years), representing a 26% lower risk of developing SPCs (SIR 0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.76). Overall, men with 14 of the 20 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs; women with 7 of the 21 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs. The risk of developing any SPC type differed by age; the risk was 28% higher in young (<40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.42; incidence: 30 per 10,000 person-years) and 27% lower in middle-aged and older (\u226540 years) cancer survivors (SIR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71-0.74; incidence: 80 per 10,000 person-years) compared with the age-corresponding general population. The most common types of FPCs were mainly observed as SPCs in cancer survivors, with lung (21.6%) and prostate (15.2%) cancers in men and breast (18.9%) and lung (12.2%) cancers in women. The risks of brain cancer in colorectal cancer survivors, lung cancer in laryngeal cancer survivors, and both kidney cancer and leukemia in thyroid cancer survivors were significantly higher for both sexes. Other high-risk SPCs varied by FPC type and sex. Strong positive associations among smoking-related cancers, such as laryngeal, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers, were observed. Substantial variation existed in the associations between specific types of FPC and specific types of SPC risk, which may be linked to hereditary cancer syndrome: for women, the risks of ovarian cancer for breast cancer survivors and uterus cancers for colorectal cancer survivors, and for men, the risk of pancreas cancer for kidney cancer survivors.CONCLUSIONS: The varying risk for SPCs by age, sex, and FPC types in cancer survivors implies the necessity for tailored prevention and screening programs targeting cancer survivors. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, are essential to reduce the risk of SPCs in cancer survivors. In addition, genetic testing, along with proactive cancer screening and prevention strategies, should be implemented for young cancer survivors because of their elevated risk of developing SPCs.",
+        "output": "Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers Among Adult-Onset 5-Year Cancer Survivors in South Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ST. LOUIS - Energizer Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:ENR), known for its portfolio of battery and auto care products, has announced it will unveil its first quarter fiscal year 2024 results on February 6, before the market opens. Energizer Holdings, headquartered in St. Louis, is among the world's leading manufacturers and distributors of primary batteries, portable lighting, and a variety of auto care products. The company's brand portfolio includes Energizer, Armor All, Eveready, and several other widely recognized names. Energizer aims to lead in its categories by focusing on consumer and customer service.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Energizer Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:ENR) will release its Q1 FY2024 results on February 6th before market open. The company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of primary batteries, portable lighting, and auto care products, with brands like Energizer, Armor All, and Eveready.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Aiming to address the limited noise reduction capabilities of conventional methods for reducing noise in seismic signals, the paper proposes a noise reduction model based on the RDBU-Net network. This model utilizes a residual dense block (RDB) instead of conventional convolutional layers in the U-Net network to enhance the feature extraction capacity for same-band noise, thereby elevating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic signals. The RDBU-Net model is trained, validated, and tested using the global seismic dataset from Stanford University. In comparison with the wavelet threshold method, the denoising RDB model, and the U-Net model, the RDBU-Net model demonstrates an improvement in SNRs by 7.82 dB, 6.13 dB, and 2.9 dB, respectively. Additionally, the root mean square errors are reduced by 0.4812, 0.3736, and 0.1938, and the correlation coefficients are enhanced by 0.3818, 0.2714, and 0.1205. The RDBU-Net model proposed in this study effectively enhances the SNR of seismic signals and offers fresh insights into eliminating noise within the same frequency band of seismic signals.",
+        "output": "Research on U-Net seismic signal denoising combined with residual dense blocks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK -   Microsoft Corp   (NASDAQ:MSFT). closed today with a stock price of $388.47 per share, edging out Apple Inc (NASDAQ:AAPL). as the world's most valuable company with a market capitalization just shy of $2.9 trillion. The tech giant's shares climbed by 1%, pushing its valuation approximately $12 billion ahead of Apple, whose stock saw a modest uptick of 0.2%.Investors have been showing a growing confidence in Microsoft, buoyed by the company's strategic focus on cloud computing and artificial intelligence. This sentiment is reflected in the stock's impressive performance over different timeframes. Over the past six months, Microsoft's shares have increased by 15%, while in comparison, Apple's shares have dipped by 2%. Looking at a broader horizon, Microsoft's stock has surged nearly 63% annually, outpacing Apple's substantial gain of over 39%.The shift in market capitalization leadership comes amidst a backdrop of varying industry forecasts. Hedgeye, a research firm, has projected minimal growth for Apple, suggesting that investors may be more cautious about the iPhone maker's future growth prospects. On the other hand, Microsoft's gains underscore the market's optimism regarding its ongoing ventures in emerging technologies.In light of Microsoft's recent achievement as the world's most valuable company, investors seeking a diversified portfolio might consider W. P. Carey Inc. (NYSE: NYSE:WPC), a real estate investment trust with a solid track record and promising metrics. According to InvestingPro data, WPC boasts a robust market capitalization of $14.73 billion and an attractive P/E ratio of 18.47, suggesting a reasonable valuation relative to earnings. Additionally, the company has experienced significant revenue growth of 22.15% over the last twelve months as of Q3 2023, with a gross profit margin of an impressive 92.39%.Two InvestingPro Tips highlight WPC's potential: analysts anticipate sales growth in the current year, and the company has maintained dividend payments for 26 consecutive years, which is particularly appealing for income-focused investors. Moreover, the company is trading at a low P/E ratio relative to near-term earnings growth, indicating potential for upside.With a special Cyber Monday sale, InvestingPro subscriptions are now available with a discount of up to 60%. For those interested in additional insights, using coupon code ProW345 will secure an extra 10% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription. Beyond the two tips shared, there are five more listed on InvestingPro, providing a comprehensive analysis for informed investment decisions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Microsoft surpassed Apple as the world's most valuable company with a market capitalization of $2.9 trillion, driven by investor confidence in its cloud computing and AI focus, while W. P. Carey Inc. offers a diversified investment opportunity with a strong track record and attractive metrics.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Individuals strive to maintain their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) by being exposed to correct information, having access to contraceptives, and promoting safe sex practices. Adolescent SRH promotion efforts should consider the influence of role models. This review explored the availability and nature of strategies and programmes on adolescents' SRH role modelling and described them using a scoping review.METHODS: Studies were retrieved from four databases and grey literature through a search of 223 studies. The databases included EBSCO-host, Medline, Sabinet, and Pubmed. Data extraction was guided by a data-extraction tool adapted from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The characteristics of the selected studies were recorded in a Microsoft spreadsheet. Eleven studies published between 2014 and 2022 were included for the final review and analysed using thematic analysis.RESULTS: Selected articles focused on adolescents' SRH; however, only two studies focused particularly on role modelling. Nonetheless, some aspects of the findings and recommendations presented could be extrapolated to adolescents' SRH role modelling. This includes adolescent-parent communication on SRH, community engagement, mentoring, positive role modelling, and information sharing through media campaigns.CONCLUSION: There is a lack of literature on SRH role modelling because most studies did not focus on role modelling as an aspect of SRH. Therefore, research needs to be conducted on strategies and programmes focusing on SRH modelling.Contribution:The findings of this scoping review may encourage the development and implementation of strategies and programmes targeting adolescents' SRH throughout diverse communities to promote adolescent SRH.",
+        "output": "A scoping review of strategies for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health role modelling.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Children's active travel to and from school (AST) and children's independent mobility (CIM) are consistently positively associated with physical activity (PA); however, few researchers have investigated associations between objective measures of the environment and indicators of AST and CIM in national samples.METHODS: A national sample of 2,067 Canadian parents of 7- to 12-year-old children was recruited in December 2020. Regression analyses were used in 2023 to assess the association between geographic information system measures of park density, blue space, population density, greenspace, intersection density, and CIM and AST to and from school.RESULTS: Children in areas with high versus low park density (>0.025 vs. \u22640.025) had higher odds of travel to school via active modes (OR: 1.47 [1.14, 1.91], p=0.003). Children in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for neighborhood greenspace (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were more likely to travel to home actively than those in areas of lower greenspace (OR: 1.70 [1.18, 2.45], p=0.004). On average, children living in areas in the highest versus the lowest quartile for intersection density were more likely to engage in AST to (OR: 2.43 [1.58, 3.75], p<0.001) and from (OR: 2.77 [1.80, 4.29], p<0.001) school.CONCLUSIONS: The observed associations underscore a need for city planners and policymakers to ensure sufficient access to parks and neighborhood greenspace, especially if findings are confirmed in longitudinal studies. More research is needed to investigate the role of intersection density in supporting AST and CIM.",
-        "output": "Children's Independent Mobility, School Travel, and the Surrounding Neighborhood.",
+        "input": "Predictive processing (PP) offers an intriguing approach to perception, cognition, but also to appreciation of the arts. It does this by positing both a theoretical basis-one might say a 'metaphor'-for how we engage and respond, placing emphasis on mismatches rather than fluent overlap between schema and environment. Even more, it holds the promise for translating metaphor into neurobiological bases, suggesting a means for considering mechanisms-from basic perceptions to possibly even our complex, aesthetic experiences. However, while we share the excitement of this promise, the history of empirical or psychological aesthetics is also permeated by metaphors that have progressed our understanding but which also tend to elude translation into concrete, mechanistic operationalization-a challenge that can also be made to PP. We briefly consider this difficulty of convincing implementation of PP via a brief historical outline of some developments in the psychological study of aesthetics and art in order to show how these ideas have often anticipated PP but also how they have remained at the level of rather metaphorical and difficult-to-measure concepts. Although theoretical in scope, we hope that this commentary will spur researchers to reflect on PP with the aim of translating metaphorical explanations into well-defined mechanisms in future empirical study.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.",
+        "output": "Metaphors or mechanism? Predictive coding and a (brief) history of empirical study of the arts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Bing Chat is a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) with online search and text generating capabilities. This study assessed its performance within the scope of dentistry in: (a) tackling exam questions for dental students, (ii) providing guidelines for dental practitioners, and (iii) answering patients' frequently asked questions. We discuss the potential of clinical tutoring, common patient communication and impact on academia.METHODS: With the aim of assessing AI's performance in dental exams, Bing Chat was presented with 532 multiple-choice questions and awarded scores based on its answers. In evaluating guidelines for clinicians, a further set of 15 questions, each with 2 follow-up questions on clinical protocols, was presented to the AI. The answers were assessed by 4 reviewers using electronic visual analog scale. In evaluating answers to patients' frequently asked questions, another list of 15 common questions was included in the session, with respective outputs assessed.RESULTS: Bing Chat correctly answered 383 out of 532 multiple-choice questions in dental exam part, achieving a score of 71.99 %. As for outlining clinical protocols for practitioners, the overall assessment score was 81.05 %. In answering patients' frequently asked questions, Bing Chat achieved an overall mean score of 83.8 %. The assessments demonstrated low inter-rater reliability.CONCLUSIONS: The overall performance of Bing Chat was above the regularly adopted passing scores, particularly in answering patient's frequently asked questions. The generated content may have biased sources. These results suggest the importance of raising clinicians' awareness of AI's benefits and risks, as well as timely adaptations of dental education curricula, and safeguarding its use in dentistry and healthcare in general.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bing Chat AI performed above the passing threshold in three categories, and thus demonstrated potential for educational assistance, clinical tutoring, and answering patients' questions. We recommend popularizing its benefits and risks among students and clinicians, while maintaining awareness of possible false information.",
-        "output": "Assessing the performance of Bing Chat artificial intelligence: Dental exams, clinical guidelines, and patients' frequent questions.",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: There is currently no evidence of undergraduate nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support for chronic diseases in rural primary care. Using the Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support instrument, this quasi-experimental study assessed students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support before and after implementation of a primary care enhanced curriculum. Nursing students ( n = 140) reported a significant increase in total mean scores (pretest, M = 268.01; posttest, M = 289.51), p = .0001. Providing a primary care enhanced curriculum increased nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support.",
+        "output": "Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support for Patients in Rural Primary Care.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the female reproductive system and is regarded as a prominent cause of female mortality on a global scale. Timely and precise detection of various phases of cervical cancer holds the potential to substantially enhance both the rate of successful treatment and the duration of patient survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for detecting the biochemical changes that arise during cancer progression. In our study, fluorescence spectral data is collected from a diverse group of 110 subjects. The potential of the scattering transform technique for the purpose of cancer detection is explored. The processed signal undergoes an initial decomposition into scattering coefficients using the wavelet scattering transform (WST). Subsequently, the scattering coefficients are subjected to computation for fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, phase entropy, and spectral entropy, for effectively characterizing the fluorescence spectral signals. These combined features generated through the proposed approach are then fed to 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to classify them into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous categories, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. We obtained mean classification accuracy of 97% using 5-fold cross-validation. This demonstrates the potential of combining WST and entropic features for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy signals using 1D CNN classifier that enables early cancer detection in contrast to prevailing diagnostic methods.",
-        "output": "Wavelet scattering transform and entropy features in fluorescence spectral signal analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular conditions among individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to a propensity-matched control cohort.METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study described self-reported cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, congestive heart failure [CHF], myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke) from participants who completed interviews between January 2015 and March 2020 in 2 harmonized large cohort studies, the TBI Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions after 1:1 propensity-score matching based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, education level, and smoking status. The final sample was 4690 matched pairs. Individuals with TBI were more likely to report hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08-1.28]) and stroke (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.56-1.98]) but less likely to report CHF (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99]) or MI (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.79]). There was no difference in rate of CHF or MI for those \u226450years old; however, rates of CHF and MI were lower in the TBI group for individuals >50years old. Over 65% of individuals who died before the first follow-up interview at 1year post-TBI were >50years old, and those >50years old were more likely to die of heart disease than those \u226450years old (17.6% versus 8.6%).CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with moderate to severe TBI had an increased rate of self-reported hypertension and stroke but lower rate of MI and CHF than uninjured adults, which may be due to survival bias.",
+        "output": "Prevalence of Cardiovascular Conditions After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comparison Between the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and health-related outcomes of children with diagnosed health conditions and functional difficulties who do not meet criteria for having a special health care need based on the traditional scoring of the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener.METHODS: Data come from the 2016 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 225443). Child characteristics and health-related outcomes were compared among 4 mutually exclusive groups defined by CSHCN Screener criteria and the presence of both conditions and difficulties.RESULTS: Among children who do not qualify as children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) on the CSHCN Screener, 6.8% had \u22651 condition and \u22651 difficulty. These children were more likely than CYSHCN to be younger, female, Hispanic, uninsured, privately insured, living in a household with low educational attainment, have families with more children and a primary household language other than English. After adjustment, non-CYSHCN with \u22651 conditions and \u22651 difficulty were less likely than CYSHCN, but significantly more likely than other non-CYSHCN, to have \u22652 emergency department visits, have unmet health care needs, not meet flourishing criteria, live in families that experienced child health-related employment impacts and frustration accessing services. Including these children in the calculation of CYSHCN prevalence increases the national estimate from 19.1% to 24.6%.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 4 million children have both a diagnosed health condition and functional difficulties but are not identified as CYSHCN. An expanded approach to identify CYSHCN may better align program and policy with population needs.",
-        "output": "An Expanded Approach to the Ascertainment of Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.",
+        "input": "Obsihir-5 holds some of the earliest evidence for the utilization of livestock in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. However, direct evidence of herding is lacking at the site. Geoarchaeological investigations, including textural, geochemical, mineralogical and micromorphological methods, have focused on the reconstruction of site formation and the search for direct evidence of herding activities. The sedimentary sequence at Obishir-5 has been divided into three facies: (1) SU0-SU1 (Bronze Age and Middle Ages), (2) SU2-SU3 (Obishirian), and (3) SU4-SU5 (Mesolithic/Epipaleolithic). SU1 formed through colluvial processes and was reworked by human and human-related activities. It is likely that these activities included herding and burning. Given the presence of herbivore dung and trampling in the sedimentary record, SU1 could include fumier-style accumulation. SU2-SU3 formed from the accumulation of coarse debris and fine particles originating from colluvial processes, physical weathering, aeolian processes and anthropogenic activity, such as burning. The archaeological material, including bones, charcoal and herbivore dung is intermixed with geogenic sediments and shows evidence of reworking. SU4-SU5 formed from colluvial and aeolian processes with low sedimentation rate. Human activity here was of low intensity and sporadic. The study of the sedimentary record has shown evidence of the use of dung and wood as fuel during the Obishirian period. However, it is not clear whether the sediments represent fumier deposits and therefore herding, as they have been heavily reworked. Nevertheless, the study opens up perspectives for the presence of livestock at the site during the Obishirian occupation. The methodology employed has allowed the reconstruction of the site formation history.",
+        "output": "A site formation history of Obishir-5, the earliest Neolithic site in the Fergana Valley (Kyrgyzstan)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Oil India hit a record high of Rs 339.45, as they gained 2 per cent on the BSE in Wednesday's intra-day trade on improved business outlook. In the past one week, the stock has rallied 8 per cent, as compared to 0.3 per cent decline in the S&P BSE Sensex.The stock of state-owned oil exploration & production company hit a new high after a gap of over nine years. It surpassed its previous high of Rs 334.98 (adjusted to bonus issues) touched on September 9, 2014.OIL India on Monday informed the stock exchanges that the board",
-        "output": "Oil India shares reached a record high of Rs 339.45 on the BSE, a 2% gain, due to an improved business outlook. The stock has risen 8% in the past week, outperforming the S&P BSE Sensex, which has declined 0.3%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Present analysis of the federal and state regulations that guide The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) operations and core clinical features for direction on behavioral health (BH).DESIGN: Review and synthesize the federal (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS]) and all publicly available state manuals according to the BH-Serious Illness Care (SIC) model domains.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The 155 PACE organizations operating in 32 states and the District of Columbia.METHODS: A multipronged search was conducted to identify official state and federal manuals guiding the implementation and functions of PACE organizations. The CMS PACE website was used to identify the federal PACE manual. State-level manuals for 32 states with PACE programs were identified through several sources, including official PACE websites, contacts through official websites, the National PACE Association (NPA), and public and academic search engines. The manuals were searched according to the BH-SIC model domains that pertain to integrating BH care with complex care individuals.RESULTS: According to the CMS Manual, the interdisciplinary team is responsible for holistic care of PACE enrollees, but a BH specialist is not a required member. The CMS Manual includes information on BH clinical functions, BH workforce, and structures for outcome measurement, quality, and accountability. Eight of 32 PACE-participating states offer publicly available state PACE manuals; of which 3 offer information on BH clinical functions.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Regarding BH, federal and state manual regulations establish limited guidance for comprehensive care service delivery at PACE organizations. The absence of clear directives weakens BH care delivery due to a limiting the ability to develop quality measures and accountability structures. This hinders incentivization and accountability to truly all-inclusive care. Clearer guidelines and regulatory parameters regarding BH care at federal and state levels may enable more PACE organizations to meet rising BH demands of aging communities.",
+        "output": "Providing Behavioral Health Care in PACE - A Review of Federal and State Manual Regulations.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ATLANTA -   Norfolk Southern   Corporation (NYSE: NYSE:NSC), a leading transportation provider, has scheduled its fourth-quarter 2023 earnings conference call for 8:45 a.m. ET on January 26, 2024. The company will release its earnings prior to the call, with details available on the Investors section of its website.Interested parties can join the teleconference by dialing 877-869-3847 a few minutes before the call begins. Additionally, a live webcast will be accessible on the Norfolk Southern website under the Investors tab. An audio replay will be offered post-broadcast via telephone at 877-660-6853, access number 13740871, until February 2, 2024. The replay will also be available as a downloadable MP3 podcast in the Investors section of the company's website.Those wishing to receive electronic notifications of Norfolk Southern's earnings events can subscribe to Investor Alerts for the latest updates on investor events, reports, news, and more.Norfolk Southern has been a cornerstone in the U.S. freight transportation sector since 1827. The company boasts a customer-focused and operationally efficient network that moves goods critical to the American economy. Emphasizing sustainability, Norfolk Southern aids in reducing approximately 15 million tons of carbon emissions annually through rail shipping. With over 7 million carloads moved each year, the company is a significant transporter of agricultural products, consumer goods, automobiles, and metals, and maintains the most expansive intermodal network in the eastern United States.The information for this article is based on a press release statement from Norfolk Southern Corporation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC) will host its Q4 2023 earnings conference call on January 26, 2024, at 8:45 a.m. ET, with earnings released prior to the call. Interested parties can join the teleconference or access the live webcast on the company's website.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Recent advancements in technology and infrastructure have greatly improved the capabilities of the natural hazards community to collect robust samples of building performance following hazard events and make them available to the research community for broad reuse purposes. Yet, there lacks standardized, open access data sets that combine reconnaissance data from multiple individual hazard events into unified, living testbeds that can grow through community participation. The objectives of this study are to (1) synthesize and present a unified, multievent windstorm performance data set (WiSPD) and (2) summarize common damage patterns observed in the WiSPD. The WiSPD currently consists of four hurricanes (occurring between 2017 and 2020) and four tornadoes (occurring between 2011 and 2020), all of which struck the United States. Each event's building performance assessments were collected with similar methodologies and contain details such as location, physical address, basic building attributes, estimated 3 s gust wind speed, basic wind speeds, and component-level damage percentage with a precision of +/- 5%. In combination, the testbed reveals that roof cover damage dominates in windstorms, regardless of the year of construction or building code enforced. Additionally, tornadoes tend to produce higher damage rates than hurricanes, specifically in fenestration and roof structure damage. Fragility functions for hurricanes exhibit a nonmonotonic relationship between wind speed and damage, potentially evidencing the strong influence of other confounding variables. Ultimately, the unified data set promises to be a rich testbed for further knowledge discovery and model validation by the research community.",
+        "output": "A Unified Multievent Windstorm Performance Testbed for Single-Family Residential Buildings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The development of digital technology and the sharing economy has extended corporations' innovative activities beyond the corporation's boundaries, so it has become more urgent to govern the lack of social responsibility and alienation of platform corporations from the perspective of social agents. First, the platform's CSR classification and social responsibility governance's main content are analyzed in this research. Then, this study uses government agencies, platform corporations, users, and the public as governance subjects and compares governance decisions with and without public and user oversight. Finally, the optimal balance strategy for each governing subject, the optimal trajectory of governance volume, and the trajectory of total revenue are obtained. The study found that: 1) Public and user supervision can improve the governance volume while encourage the governance motivation of government agencies and platform corporations. 2) The level of user supervision effort has a greater impact on the total governance revenue than public supervision. 3) The revenue of the system and the governance volume are greater in a centralized decision-making process, indicating that those involved should co-operate in governance based on the principle of mutual benefit. 4) The platform corporation has an incompatible but unified relationship between its social duty and financial success.",
-        "output": "Research on differential game of platform corporate social responsibility governance strategy considering user and public scrutiny",
+        "input": "To survive, adapt, and develop, cells respond to external and internal stimuli by tightly regulating transcription. Transcriptional regulation involves the combinatorial binding of a repertoire of transcription factors to DNA, which often results in switch-like binary outputs akin to Boolean logic gates. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that in eukaryotes, transcription factor binding to DNA often involves energy expenditure, thereby driving the system out of equilibrium. The governing principles of transcriptional logic operations out of equilibrium remain unexplored. Here, we employ a simple two-input, single-locus model of transcription that can accommodate both equilibrium and nonequilibrium mechanisms. Using this model, we find that nonequilibrium regimes can give rise to all the logic operations accessible in equilibrium. Strikingly, energy expenditure alters the regulatory function of the two transcription factors in a mutually exclusive manner. This allows for the emergence of new logic operations that are inaccessible in equilibrium. Overall, our results show that energy expenditure can expand the range of cellular decision-making without the need for more complex promoter architectures.",
+        "output": "Governing principles of transcriptional logic out of equilibrium.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Pyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAHs). It is a ubiquitous, persistent, and carcinogenic environmental contaminant that has raised concern worldwide. This research explored synergistic bacterial communities for efficient pyrene degradation in seven typical Southern China mangroves. The bacterial communities of seven typical mangroves were enriched by pyrene, and enriched bacterial communities showed an excellent pyrene degradation capacity of >95% (except for HK mangrove and ZJ mangrove). Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Flavobacterium, Marinobacter, Algoriphahus, and Youhaiella all have significant positive correlations with pyrene (R>0, p<0.05) by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics analysis, indicated that these genera play a vital role in pyrene metabolism. Meanwhile, the functional genes were involved in pyrene degradation that was enriched in the bacterial communities, including the genes of nagAa, ndoR, pcaG, etc. Furthermore, the analyses of functional genes and binning genomes demonstrated that some bacterial communities as a unique teamwork to cooperatively participate in pyrene degradation. Interestingly, the genes related to biogeochemical cycles were enriched, such as narG , soxA, and cyxJ, suggested that bacterial communities were also helpful in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment. In addition, some novel species with pyrene-degradation potential were identified in the pyrene-degrading bacterial communities, which can enrich the resource pool of pyrene-degrading strains. Overall, this study will help develop further research strategies for pollutant removal.",
-        "output": "Novel insights into the synergetic degradation of pyrene by microbial communities from mangroves in China.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Community-based dental education (CBDE) has been an essential advancement in dental education in recent decades, enhancing it in many aspects. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and improvements of CBDE in dental schools in Iran.METHODS: In the present descriptive study, an electronic questionnaire, including 18 yes/no, multiple choice, and short answer questions about the nature and extent of CBDE and students' experience in CBDE, was used. In early 2021, the questionnaires were mailed to the deans of all 43 dental schools in Iran under the supervision of the Council for Dental Education of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Reminder calls were made after 6 and 12 weeks. Dental schools that did not follow the CBDE program were excluded. The responses were analyzed descriptively.RESULTS: Thirty-six dental schools completed the questionnaire (response rate: 84%). Seventeen schools (47%) reported having CBDE in their dental program. Sites lacking a well-equipped dental setting were the most used out of all extramural sites. The number of weeks dedicated to CBDE ranged between 1 and 20 (median: 4). The most common dental procedures practiced in extramural sites were pediatric dentistry (100%), restorative dentistry (71%), and dental examination (59%). The student-to-supervisor ratio in CBDE ranged between 3 and 15 (median: 5). In most schools (65%), the staff involved in directing CBDE were Community Oral Health PhDs.CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of Iranian dental schools have integrated CBDE into their undergraduate dental curriculum. The characteristics and extent of this educational strategy vary widely among dental schools. CBDE can be more effective by making positive changes in dental programs.",
+        "output": "Community-based dental education in Iranian dental schools.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Roth MKM analysts lifted Live Nation Entertainment (NYSE:LYV) to Buy from Neutral, raising the price target to $114 from $92 per share in a note Friday, saying they expect the above-trend growth to continue.The outlook remains strong with upside potential, according to the firm, with positive secular demand for live events/concerts positioning Live Nation well for above-trend growth over the next several years.Analysts also noted that there is considerable optimism for the company entering 2024.\"Robust demand which is being fueled by a growing supply of touring artists, the globalization of the music, and Live Nation's expanding geographic presence should continue for the next few years,\" added analysts.\"To that point, we believe our above consensus revenue and AOI estimates should prove conservative,\" they continued. \"In addition, we anticipate the DOJ's investigation of Live Nation will achieve a resolution this year, with minimal impact, which should remove a valuation overhang.\"",
-        "output": "Roth MKM upgraded Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) to Buy, raising the price target to $114 from $92, citing strong demand for live events, globalization of music, and expanding geographic presence. The analysts expect above-trend growth to continue over the next several years, with robust demand fueled by a growing supply of touring artists.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "To increase the fracture toughness, the two-dimensional laminated textiles can be stitched with fibers throughout their thickness. But the stitch properties effect the mechanical behavior of the composite plates. Because of this reason, in this study, translaminar toughness of carbon fiber composites stitched with different densities and angles is investigated for the first time, experimentally and numerically. In the experimental study, fracture tests are performed according to ASTM E1922 standard and critical load; crack tip opening displacements and fracture toughness values are determined. In the numerical study, the critical stress intensity factor is determined using the M-integral method and the displacement correlation method. Modeling and fracture toughness analyses are performed in ANSYS finite element package. In order to find the crack propagation directions numerically, the model prepared in ANSYS is transferred to the LS-DYNA program and progressive failure analysis is performed. Stitching the layered composites perpendicular to the plane has increased the fracture toughness by 23.5-80.6% for plain-woven composites and 1.41-9.38% for UD composites. Fracture toughness values have increased with increasing stitch density. This increase is highest in the specimen stitched in the longitudinal direction where the toughness increased by similar to 15.4% with 100% increase in stitch density. The highest fracture toughness is obtained with double-directional stitching with a stitch density of 1.25 mm. It is determined that the designed heterogeneous model gives more accurate results than the homogeneous model by similar to 1-6%.",
+        "output": "Investigation of the translaminar fracture behavior of the fiber-reinforced composites stitched perpendicular to their plane",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NASHVILLE - AllianceBernstein L.P. (NYSE: NYSE:AB), a global investment management firm, reported a rise in assets under management (AUM) to $725 billion at the end of December 2023, marking a 4% increase from the $696 billion recorded at the end of November. According to the company, the growth was primarily due to market appreciation, despite experiencing slight net outflows across the firm.The firm's AUM composition as of December 31, 2023, included increases in both equity and fixed income assets. Equity assets totaled $310 billion, up from $296 billion at the end of November. Within this category, actively managed equity assets accounted for $247 billion, while passive equity assets were at $63 billion. Fixed income assets rose to $281 billion from $270 billion, with taxable fixed income assets constituting $209 billion and tax-exempt fixed income assets at $61 billion.AllianceBernstein's alternative and multi-asset solutions also saw an increase, reaching $134 billion in AUM, up from $130 billion the previous month. By client channel, the company reported flat net flows for its Institutions and Retail channels, while the Private Wealth segment experienced minimal net outflows.AllianceBernstein, a leading investment management firm, serves institutional investors, individuals, and private wealth clients worldwide. The company is owned approximately 39.5% by AllianceBernstein Holding and approximately 61.2% by Equitable Holdings (NYSE:EQH), Inc. and its subsidiaries.The information in this report is based on a press release statement by AllianceBernstein and reflects the company's financial status as of December 31, 2023.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "AllianceBernstein reported a 4% increase in AUM to $725 billion at the end of December 2023, primarily due to market appreciation, despite experiencing slight net outflows. The growth was driven by increases in equity and fixed income assets, with alternative and multi-asset solutions also seeing an uptick.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Three dimensional (3D) virtual models for neurosurgery have demonstrated substantial clinical utility, especially for neuro-oncological cases. Computer-aided design (CAD) modelling of radiological images can provide realistic and high-quality 3D models which neurosurgeons may use pre-operatively for surgical planning. 3D virtual models are useful as they are the basis for other models that build off this design. 3D virtual models are quick to segment but can also be easily added to normal neurosurgical and radiological workflow without disruption. Three anatomically complex neuro-oncology cases that were referred from a single institution by three different neurosurgeons were segmented and 3D virtual models were created for pre-operative surgical planning. A face-to-face interview was performed with the surgeons after the models were delivered to gauge the usefulness of the model in pre-surgical planning. All three neurosurgeons found that the 3D virtual model was useful for presurgical planning. Specifically, the virtual model helped in planning operative positioning, understanding spatial relationship between lesion and surrounding critical anatomy and identifying anatomy that will be encountered intra-operatively in a sequential manner. It provided benefit in Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings and patient education for shared decision making.3D virtual models are beneficial for pre-surgical planning and patient education for shared decision making for neurosurgical neuro-oncology cases. We believe this could be further expanded to other surgical specialties. The integration of 3D virtual models into normal workflow as the initial step will provide an easier transition into modalities that build off the virtual models such as printed, virtual, augmented and mixed reality models.",
+        "output": "Radiologically derived 3D virtual models for neurosurgical planning.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaBLS International Services (NS:BLSN) witnessed a surge, hitting an all-time high of INR 412.90 on 16 January 2024 driven by its acquisition plans. The company, through its subsidiary BLS International FZE, UAE, is set to acquire a 100% stake in iData Danismanlik Ve Hizmet Dis Ticaret Anonim Sirketi and its subsidiaries for an enterprise value of \u20ac50 million (around INR 450 crore) with additional milestones-based payments.iDATA, a prominent player in Turkey, specializes in visa and consular services, making it a strategic addition to BLS International's portfolio. The acquisition, to be funded through internal accruals, is poised to enhance earnings per share from day one and is expected to conclude in the current fiscal year, pending regulatory approvals.PwC Turkey and Lagrange Point Advisors LLP, Mumbai, served as transaction advisors, while Dentons Link Legal, India, and Balcio\u011flu Sel\u00e7uk Ardiyok Keki Attorney Partnership (BASEAK), Turkey, acted as legal advisors. BLS International has been making strategic moves, having recently secured contracts with the High Commission of India in Canada and the Unique Identification Authority of India for Aadhaar data quality checks.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "BLS International Services (NS:BLSN) acquired iData Danismanlik Ve Hizmet Dis Ticaret Anonim Sirketi for \u20ac50 million, boosting its visa and consular services portfolio in Turkey. The acquisition, funded through internal accruals, is expected to enhance earnings per share from day one.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The principal curvature (PC) of a freeform surface, as an important indicator of its fundamental features, is frequently used to guide their rationalization in the field of architectural geometry. The division of a surface using its PC lines into principal strips (PSs) is an innovative way to break down a freeform surface for construction. However, the application of PC networks in architectural design is hindered by the difficulty to generate them and flexibly control their density. This paper introduces a method for PS-based reconstruction of freeform surfaces with different umbilical conditions in the early stages of design. An agent-based modeling approach is developed to find the umbilics and increase the degree of control over the spacing of PC lines. This research can effectively expand the application range of PS-based surface reconstruction methods for freeform architectures.",
+        "output": "Agent-Based Principal Strips Modeling for Freeform Surfaces in Architecture",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "London, Jan 10 (IANS) Attacks by Iran-backed militants in the Red Sea have effectively closed one of the world\u2019s main trade routes to most container ships and vessels which carry almost every necessary items from one corner of the globe to another, media reports said.A prolonged closure of the waterway, which connects with the Suez Canal, can snarl global supply chains and drive up the prices of manufactured goods at a crucial moment in the battle to defeat inflation. The Suez Canal accounts for 10-15 per cent of world trade, which includes oil exports, and for 30 per cent of global container shipping volumes.The Houthi militants, based in Yemen, say they are taking revenge for Israel\u2019s war against Hamas in Gaza. The US military and its allies have beefed up maritime security but the attacks continue, 21 Houthi missiles and drones were shot down late Tuesday, CNN reported.As the crisis persists, the stakes for the global economy are rising. Retailers are already warning of delays, and the cost of shipping goods is increasing, CNN reported.In a biannual report released on Tuesday, the World Bank warned that the disruption to key shipping routes was eroding slack in supply networks and increasing the likelihood of inflationary bottlenecks.The danger to crew, cargo and vessels has forced carriers to reroute ships around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, resulting in delays of up to three weeks, CNN reported.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "Attacks by Iran-backed militants in the Red Sea have effectively closed one of the world's main trade routes, the Suez Canal, which accounts for 10-15% of world trade and 30% of global container shipping volumes, leading to delays, increased shipping costs, and potential inflationary bottlenecks.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Importance Accurate risk prediction of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may help clinicians risk stratify and inform care decisions. Objective To develop and validate a novel prediction model for clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF using routinely collected variables and to compare it with a biomarker-driven approach. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were used from the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial to derive the prediction model, and data from the Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (PARAGON-HF) and the Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study (I-PRESERVE) trials were used to validate it. The outcomes were the composite of HF hospitalization (HFH) or cardiovascular death, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. A total of 30 baseline candidate variables were selected in a stepwise fashion using multivariable analyses to create the models. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to June 2023. Exposures Models to estimate the 1-year and 2-year risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. Results Data from 6263 individuals in the DELIVER trial were used to derive the prediction model and data from 4796 individuals in the PARAGON-HF trial and 4128 individuals in the I-PRESERVE trial were used to validate it. The final prediction model for the composite outcome included 11 variables: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, HFH within the past 6 months, creatinine level, diabetes, geographic region, HF duration, treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, transient ischemic attack/stroke, any previous HFH, and heart rate. This model showed good discrimination (C statistic at 1 year, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.71-0.75) in both validation cohorts (C statistic at 1 year, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.74 in PARAGON-HF and 0.75; 95% CI, 0.73-0.78 in I-PRESERVE) and calibration. The model showed similar discrimination to a biomarker-driven model including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and significantly better discrimination than the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) risk score (C statistic at 1 year, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.58-0.63; delta C statistic, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.15; P < .001) and NT-proBNP level alone (C statistic at 1 year, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68; delta C statistic, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08; P < .001). Models derived for the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular death also performed well. An online calculator was created to allow calculation of an individual's risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this prognostic study, a robust prediction model for clinical outcomes in HFpEF was developed and validated using routinely collected variables. The model performed better than NT-proBNP level alone. The model may help clinicians to identify high-risk patients and guide treatment decisions in HFpEF.",
+        "output": "Prognostic Models for Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Kasten Site is a multicomponent plowzone site in Erie County, Ohio that possesses a Late Pleistocene Clovis lithic assemblage. Here, we describe the late Pleistocene Clovis, and possible-Clovis, lithic artifacts via technological descriptions, illustrations and images, morphometrics, and microwear. The lithic artifacts are made from cherts which appear to outcrop between 94.7 and 356.8 km from the site. Based on our descriptions, we suggest that the Kasten site is a small logistical site, whereby a small number Clovis people occupied it ephemerally for the purposes of resource procurement. Given the microwear evidence, this resource may have been animal prey, but given that the site is adjacent to a topographic depression, the desired resource could also have been water.",
-        "output": "Description, Microwear, and Morphometrics of Clovis and Possible-Clovis Lithic Artifacts from the Kasten Site, Erie County, Ohio, USA",
+        "input": "Our objective was to decompose mortality mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to estimate direct, indirect, and associated deaths from COVID-19. Given the confirmatory diagnosis of COVID-19, a death event that was not necessarily caused by respiratory complications but stemmed from other complications was categorized as an indirect death from COVID-19. Associated deaths occurred in patients who did not have COVID-19 but died during the surge in COVID-19 cases when overwhelming pressure was exerted on the healthcare system. Analyzing the sixth wave (i.e., the first epidemic wave of the Omicron B.1.1.529 variant from January to May 2022), decomposition was achieved using the binomial and Poisson sampling process models fitted to two pieces of data (i.e., COVID-19 death certificate and excess data by major cause of death). The total numbers of direct, indirect, and associated deaths during the sixth wave in Osaka were estimated at 1,071; 948; and 2,157; respectively. The number of associated deaths was greater than the sum of direct and indirect deaths. We further observed that the composition of indirect and associated deaths differed by major cause of death, and deaths caused by circulatory disease included a greater proportion of indirect deaths compared with deaths by other causes. The goals of healthcare services for endemic COVID-19 include the sustainable provision of services to avoid preventable deaths. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of mechanisms that lead to excess death is vital for improving future pandemic response efforts.",
+        "output": "Decomposing mechanisms of COVID-19 mortality in empirical datasets: A modeling study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a deadly disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop a fuzzy deep learning (FDL)-based model to estimate the survival time based on clinicopathologic data of oral cancer.METHODS: Electronic medical records of 581 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, treated with surgery with or without radiochemotherapy, were collected retrospectively from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic and the Regional Cancer Center from 2011 to 2019. The deep learning (DL) model was trained to classify survival time classes based on clinicopathologic data. Fuzzy logic was integrated into the DL model and trained to create FDL-based models to estimate the survival time classes.RESULTS: The performance of the models was evaluated on a test dataset. The performance of the DL and FDL models for estimation of survival time achieved an accuracy of 0.74 and 0.97 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.84 to 1.00 and 1.00, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The integration of fuzzy logic into DL models could improve the accuracy to estimate survival time based on clinicopathologic data of oral cancer.",
-        "output": "Survival estimation of oral cancer using fuzzy deep learning.",
+        "input": "Over the last few decades, research has significantly enhanced our understanding of the role played by shellfish in human subsistence during the Mesolithic period along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Instrumental to this advance has been the analysis of stable oxygen isotope measurements (delta 18O) from mollusc shells, which offers valuable insights into the seasonality of shellfish exploitation. The delta 18O values serve as reliable indicators of past seasonal seawater temperature variations experienced by the molluscs, enabling us to accurately determine the time of year when past humans collected them. Recent studies using this approach have successfully identified seasonal exploitation patterns of the topshell Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) in Atlantic Europe. However, uncertainties remain regarding the exploitation schedule of Patella depressa Pennant 1777, one of the most abundantly collected species in Mesolithic sites. Here we used shell delta 18O values of P. depressa from the Mesolithic sites of El Mazo (Northern Iberia) to determine its seasonality of exploitation. Our study reveals that P. depressa was prevalently exploited during colder months. Modern specimens of the same limpet species were also collected during two annual cycles to assess potential seasonal changes in meat yield return. Results obtained has profound implications for better understanding how last coastal foragers managed available littoral resources throughout the year.",
+        "output": "Seasonal exploitation of intertidal resources at El Mazo (N Iberia) reveals optimized human subsistence strategies during the Mesolithic in Atlantic Europe",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The dispersal and development of pastoralism during the Bronze Age profoundly influenced human livelihoods and adaptability to diverse environments in northwestern China. Although diachronic changes in the composition of animal resources have been discussed, the specific utilization form of these resources remains unclear due to the lack of age-class and sex ratio data for inferring population structure. Here, we report new zooarchaeological data from the Haizang site dated between 4000 and 3500 cal. yr BP in an oasis in northwestern China's Hexi Corridor. The 7092 identified animal remains are dominated by sheep/goat (53.44%) and cattle (15.61%), supplemented by pig (11.96%) and wildlife (11.11%), representing the largest animal remains assemblage in this area thus far. The mortality age profiles of sheep/goat and cattle remains show that domesticated ruminants were utilized for multiple purposes, implying the introduction of livestock utilization knowledge alongside these species. During this stage, the reliance of local subsistence on ruminant pastoralism was geographically varied in and around the Hexi Corridor, although these areas shared similar Qijia cultural phenomena. We argue that ancient inhabitants of Haizang took a more ruminant-focused and multipurpose animal utilization strategy, which alleviated the survival pressure caused by colder and drier climate in the global context of '4.2 ka BP event' and underpinned local social development. The acceleration of trans-regional exchange across Eurasia during the early Bronze Age provided the paramount material and knowledge for this transformation.",
-        "output": "Multipurpose animal utilization underpinned early Bronze Age subsistence of an oasis in an arid area of northwestern China",
+        "input": "The starting point of this paper is a clarification of the forms that hermeneutical injustice takes for bisexual individuals. While it is often thought that bisexuals do not need special protections or politics because they easily pass for straight and thus enjoy so-called hetero privilege, this precise situation is a source of oppression, silencing, erasure, and discrimination for many of them within both straight and gay environments. Bi-invisibility, bi-erasure, and persistent negative stereotypes contribute to specific forms of hermeneutical injustice for this segment of the population. Reflection on these forms, however, as well as reflection on bisexual identity, highlights some problematic aspects connected to the metaphor of hermeneutical gaps and the underlying theoretical model that are often used or assumed in research on epistemic injustice. With the aim of clarifying and responding to such difficulties, I introduce Wittgenstein's notion of hinges as a conceptual tool to better understand these phenomena. The case of bisexuality shows that seeing hermeneutical injustice in the light of the metaphor of hinges, instead of that of gaps, helps better grasp its features, its causes, and the forms that it can assume.",
+        "output": "Hermeneutical Injustice and Bisexuality: Toward New Conceptual Tools",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PARIS - Veolia (Paris:VIE), the UK's largest operator of waste collection fleets, has announced plans to fully electrify its vehicles in the country by 2040, in a move aimed at contributing to energy security and supporting the national grid. The company revealed its strategy during the \"Deep Dive Energy\" event in London, where it also introduced a pioneering vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology.Veolia's innovative V2G technology will allow its fleet of refuse collection vehicles (RCVs) to supply power back to the grid, potentially providing about 200 megawatts of flexible power capacity each day. This amount is comparable to the evening peak energy demand of more than 150,000 UK homes.The company's first trial phase has been successfully completed, with two specially designed bi-directional vehicles delivering 110 kilowatts of energy, enough to power 110 households for over two hours during peak evening hours. Veolia is now set to expand these trials on the streets of Westminster.To power its fleet, Veolia will utilize local decarbonizing energy from its own waste-to-energy plants, thus creating a sustainable loop. The Landmann Way vehicle depot in North London will be powered by low-carbon electricity from the SELCHP plant, exemplifying this approach.Estelle Brachlianoff, CEO of Veolia, highlighted the importance of innovation in local decarbonizing energy and the necessity for a collective shift in mindset regarding energy production, distribution, and consumption. Gavin Graveson, Senior Executive Vice President of Veolia Northern Europe Zone, emphasized the role of flexibility in enhancing the UK's energy security and supporting the transition to a more sustainable market.The project involves collaboration with Turbo Power Systems, Magnetic Systems Technology, Fuuse, and technology provider Advantics.The information for this article is based on a press release statement from Veolia.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Veolia, the UK's largest waste collection fleet operator, plans to fully electrify its vehicles by 2040, utilizing V2G technology to supply 200 megawatts of flexible power capacity to the grid daily, comparable to the evening peak demand of over 150,000 UK homes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'V: ways of thinking-honing the therapeutic self', authors present the following sections: 'Reflective practice in action', 'The doctor as drug-Balint groups', 'Cultivating compassion', 'Towards a humanistic approach to doctoring', 'Intimacy in family medicine', 'The many faces of suffering', 'Transcending suffering' and 'The power of listening to stories.' May readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.",
+        "output": "Storylines of family medicine V: ways of thinking-honing the therapeutic self.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Over the last few decades, research has significantly enhanced our understanding of the role played by shellfish in human subsistence during the Mesolithic period along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Instrumental to this advance has been the analysis of stable oxygen isotope measurements (delta 18O) from mollusc shells, which offers valuable insights into the seasonality of shellfish exploitation. The delta 18O values serve as reliable indicators of past seasonal seawater temperature variations experienced by the molluscs, enabling us to accurately determine the time of year when past humans collected them. Recent studies using this approach have successfully identified seasonal exploitation patterns of the topshell Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) in Atlantic Europe. However, uncertainties remain regarding the exploitation schedule of Patella depressa Pennant 1777, one of the most abundantly collected species in Mesolithic sites. Here we used shell delta 18O values of P. depressa from the Mesolithic sites of El Mazo (Northern Iberia) to determine its seasonality of exploitation. Our study reveals that P. depressa was prevalently exploited during colder months. Modern specimens of the same limpet species were also collected during two annual cycles to assess potential seasonal changes in meat yield return. Results obtained has profound implications for better understanding how last coastal foragers managed available littoral resources throughout the year.",
-        "output": "Seasonal exploitation of intertidal resources at El Mazo (N Iberia) reveals optimized human subsistence strategies during the Mesolithic in Atlantic Europe",
+        "input": "This article focuses on the plethora of lists that the Sri Lankan Buddhist revivalist Anagarika Dharmapala (1864-1933) composed across his many notebooks. Rather than seeing lists as mere repositories of data, the text foregrounds aspects of form and formatting of the list as a genre and practice. Dharmapala's notebooks emerge as key material aspects in the creation of his self, and list-making is revealed as an emotional practice. The various lists and their central role in Dharmapala's life and thinking are explored by tracing list-making as a cultural practice belonging both to colonial modernity and to the ancient Theravada Buddhist tradition. This is shown in two particular foci: the temporal operations performed by Dharmapala's historical and autobiographical lists, and the spatiality and visuality in and around his lists.",
+        "output": "The Anagarika's Lists: Time, Space and Emotions in the 'Sarnath Notebooks'",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - US Treasury yields saw a notable increase today as markets in Asia reopened after the Martin Luther King Day holiday. The surge in yields affected various maturities, with the two-year yield climbing to 4.21%, the five-year to 3.90%, and the ten-year to 4.00%. Market analysts attribute this uptick to a combination of factors, including stable Japanese wholesale inflation data and speculation about the Federal Reserve's future policy moves.Investors are closely monitoring the situation for further indications of where interest rates might be headed. All eyes are now on Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller's upcoming speech, which is expected to shed light on the economic outlook and potential rate adjustments.In Europe, the tone set by European Central Bank (ECB) officials has been decidedly hawkish. Robert Holzmann and others have made statements suggesting that expectations for early rate cuts in the Eurozone should be tempered, indicating a cautious approach towards monetary policy in the region.The currency markets have responded to these developments, with the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index increasing to 1,231.32. The index's rise reflects the broader market reaction to the shifting bond yields, as investors adjust their strategies in light of the latest economic indicators and central bank signals.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "US Treasury yields surged after Asian markets reopened, with the 2-year yield rising to 4.21%, 5-year to 3.90%, and 10-year to 4.00%, influenced by Japanese inflation data and speculation about the Federal Reserve's policy moves. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index increased to 1,231.32, reflecting the market's response to shifting bond yields and central bank signals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) is recognized as a highly competitive specialty. Since the first assessment of resident selection criteria in 2007, PRS residency programs have adopted holistic review processes and adapted to changes such as a decline in medical schools participating in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society as well as the recent transition to pass/fail grading for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 examination (Schultz et al. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open . 2020;8:e2892; Tadisina et al. Plast Reconstr Surg . 2017;139:330e-331e). This study was devised to evaluate current PRS residency criteria in light of these changes.METHODS: An anonymous, 12-item, electronic survey was generated and distributed using Alchemer. An email was sent to 171 program directors (PDs) and associate program directors (APDs) of PRS residency programs. Survey questions were developed to collect data regarding respondent demographics and their desired criteria when assessing residency applicants. Complete responses were collected and analyzed with summary statistics and multivariate logistic regression using RStudio (version 1.3.109).RESULTS: In total, 44 (25.7% response rate) of the 171 PDs and APDs completed the survey. Of the 16 programs (36.4%) with a USMLE cutoff score, 7 (43.8%) reported a range of 230 to 239 and 6 (37.5%) reported a range of 240 to 249. Without a score for step 1, the majority (48.8%) of respondents believe that step 2 scores will replace step 1 scores in terms of assessment criteria, and the content of recommendation letters was selected as the criterion with the greatest increase in weight (66.7%). In addition, 27.3% of programs require a step 2 score at the time of interview. The top 3 academic criteria in order of decreasing importance were the content of recommendation letters, clinical grades, and letter writers, whereas the top 3 nonacademic criteria were subinternship performance, maturity, and interview performance.CONCLUSIONS: Plastic and reconstructive surgery remains a highly competitive specialty for residency applicants. Our findings suggest that Alpha Omega Alpha membership remains diminished in importance, whereas USMLE cutoff scores have increased. With recent changes in the step 1 grading system, PDs and APDs will rely more heavily on step 2 scores and the content of recommendation letters.",
+        "output": "Update on the Selection Criteria of Plastic Surgery Residents: A Survey of Program Directors and Associate Program Directors.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "State-owned lender's (BoB's) net profit may rise up to 26 per cent year-on-year (Y-o-Y) in the July to September quarter (Q2) of the current financial year (FY24) on the back strong credit growth, analysts believe.However, net interest margins (NIM), they said, may remain under pressure due to increasing cost of funds (CoF) during the quarter.The public sector bank is scheduled to report its Q2FY24 results on Saturday, November 4.\"We expect earnings and business growth to remain healthy in Q2FY24 with net profit seen rising 21 per cent Y-o-Y to Rs 4,000 crore. This would be driven by 18 per cent Y-o-Y growth in operating profit at Rs 7,120 crore, and 9 per cent increase in net interest income (NII) at Rs 11,120 crore,\" said analysts at Motilal Oswal Financial Services.Bank of Baroda posted net profit of Rs 3,313.4 crore in the corresponding quarter of the previous year (Q2FY23), and Rs 4,070.1 crore in Q1FY24.NII, meanwhile, was Rs 10,174.5 crore last year, and Rs 10,964.2 crore in the June quarter of FY24 (Q1FY24).In term of range, analysts expect net profit to come in anywhere between Rs 3,484.4 crore (up 5.2 per cent Y-o-Y) and Rs 4,178.9 crore (up 26 per cent Y-o-Y).According to analysts at Prabhudas Lilladher, NII could decline by 1.3 per cent Q-o-Q, but rise 6.7 per cent Y-o-Y, to Rs 10,853.8\u00a0 crore due to faster increase in cost of funds.Net interest margin (NIM) is projected to contract in the range of 10bps to 16bps to Q-o-Q to 3.17 per cent. NIM was 3.33 per cent in Q1FY24 and 3.4 per cent in Q2FY23.That said, analysts expect asset quality to improve further on healthy recoveries.\"Slippages are likely to be elevated due to the recognition of Go Air as NPA (Rs 1,300 crore). However, the bank may benefit from Srei Infra (partly) and ILFS recovery,\" noted Emkay Global.Those at Kotak Institutional Equities expect slippages at 2.2 per cent (Rs 5,500 crore), most of which is likely to come from their exposure to a specific aviation account.Gross non-performing assets (GNPA), thus, may remain steady at 3.5 per cent, while NNPA may improve to 0.7 per cent from 0.8 per cent sequentially.Loan book is seen growing 17.4 per cent Y-o-Y to Rs 9.82 trillion, and deposit book is seen increasing 14.4 per cent Y-o-Y to Rs 12.47 trillion.Analysts said the key discussion would be the sustainability of loan growth, deposit-related challenges, and NIM outlook in the near term.",
-        "output": "Bank of Baroda's net profit is expected to rise up to 26% YoY in Q2FY24 due to strong credit growth, while NIM may remain under pressure due to increasing cost of funds. The bank's loan book is projected to grow 17.4% YoY to Rs 9.82 trillion, and deposit book is seen increasing 14.4% YoY to Rs 12.47 trillion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Due to the frequent switch of the working condition, fault diagnosis model for rotating machinery established on the training set (the source domain) cannot be effectively applied to the test set (the target domain). Traditional domain adaptation methods address this issue by performing feature alignment between the source and target domain, which ignores the positive guidance provided by prior knowledge. In this paper, we propose a prior knowledge-driven domain adaptation (PKDA) method for varying working condition fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, where a self-supervised learning framework is designed to integrate expert prior knowledge and structural prior knowledge. First, an expert prior knowledge guidance module is designed to extract features with physical significance. Then we align the features between the source and target domain by the max mean discrepancy metric. Besides, a progressive Shannon entropy minimization strategy is proposed to realize the feature distribution structure of intra-class compression and inter-class separation, which can effectively integrate the structural prior knowledge. In this way, PKDA can effectively utilize the prior knowledge to achieve better performance in varying working condition fault diagnosis tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an open-source rolling bearing fault dataset from Case Western Reserve University and an open-source gearbox fault dataset from Southeast University.",
+        "output": "Knowledge-driven domain adaptation strategy for rotating machinery fault diagnosis under varying working condition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Individuals strive to maintain their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) by being exposed to correct information, having access to contraceptives, and promoting safe sex practices. Adolescent SRH promotion efforts should consider the influence of role models. This review explored the availability and nature of strategies and programmes on adolescents' SRH role modelling and described them using a scoping review.METHODS: Studies were retrieved from four databases and grey literature through a search of 223 studies. The databases included EBSCO-host, Medline, Sabinet, and Pubmed. Data extraction was guided by a data-extraction tool adapted from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The characteristics of the selected studies were recorded in a Microsoft spreadsheet. Eleven studies published between 2014 and 2022 were included for the final review and analysed using thematic analysis.RESULTS: Selected articles focused on adolescents' SRH; however, only two studies focused particularly on role modelling. Nonetheless, some aspects of the findings and recommendations presented could be extrapolated to adolescents' SRH role modelling. This includes adolescent-parent communication on SRH, community engagement, mentoring, positive role modelling, and information sharing through media campaigns.CONCLUSION: There is a lack of literature on SRH role modelling because most studies did not focus on role modelling as an aspect of SRH. Therefore, research needs to be conducted on strategies and programmes focusing on SRH modelling.Contribution:The findings of this scoping review may encourage the development and implementation of strategies and programmes targeting adolescents' SRH throughout diverse communities to promote adolescent SRH.",
-        "output": "A scoping review of strategies for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health role modelling.",
+        "input": "Despite a growing imperative for graduates to possess STEM skills, both to boost their employability prospects and their perceived economic value, it is critical to also consider the professional or 'soft skills' that will enable these graduates to thrive in their careers. Ironically, gender differences in personality and occupational choice are larger, not smaller, in more gender-equal countries. This is known as the gender equality paradox and in STEM it highlights the importance of purposeful initiatives throughout the educational trajectory, even in countries with higher levels of gender equality. This study employed an online self-assessment of perceived employability (PE) using a validated instrument and analyzed the data from 2493 STEM students studying at multiple Australian universities. The findings, underpinned by Social Cognitive Careers Theory, indicate that female report greater confidence than their male peers in ethical literacy and in some emotional literacy skills; these are understood to be critical soft skills for STEM graduates. This distinction is more pronounced in the natural and physical sciences and within information technology fields. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.",
+        "output": "Do STEM women feel ethically and emotionally better prepared for their careers than men?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The psychology of vaccination behaviour explains how thoughts and feelings influence people's willingness to receive vaccines. Understanding vaccination behaviour is crucial to successfully managing vaccination campaigns.AIM: Investigating factors associated with immunisation stress among students at Mohammed First University.SETTING: This study was conducted on students at Mohammed First University institutions.METHODS: This study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 305 students at Mohammed First University institutions using a 90-item questionnaire.RESULTS: Three hundred and five participants have been included in this survey. Overall, 65.5% of the students in our sample had a positive perception towards COVID-19 vaccines. Nevertheless, 34.5% had a negative opinion regarding immunisation. According to the analysis of perceived stress scale, 40% (n = 122) of students expressed moderate to high stress regarding vaccination. Students with a negative perception of vaccine showed a higher level of stress than those with a positive one. Stressed students tended to be older than others, coming from other institutions, other than the medical faculty, and were renting alone. Vaccine accessibility was the less significant reason associated with stress regarding vaccination. Moreover, participants with high levels of confidence in social media, exhibited higher stress. Nevertheless, those who believed in scientific journals were significantly less stressed.CONCLUSION: These results reflect a positive perception and acceptance of vaccines, with a considerable level of stress regarding vaccination.Contribution: This study suggests emphasising the mental health of Moroccan young adults, to better sensitise and inform them about immunisation.",
-        "output": "A psychological insight of Moroccan adults' immunisation behaviour towards emergency vaccines.",
+        "input": "In his massive two-volume monograph Reincarnation and Biology, Ian Stevenson included 75 cases with birthmarks and birth defects affecting the head and neck region of the human body. The present paper provides details of these 75 cases and compares them to 19 similar cases Laura Borges Kirschnick and colleagues found in a systematic review of journal publications. The reports in Stevenson's book are shown to be considerably longer (with a mean of 9 pages vs. 2.1 pages) and more detailed than those considered by Kirschnick etal. Moreover, the cases reported in journals were found not to be representative of those reported in Reincarnation and Biology on several variables. Reincarnation research is unusual among scientific disciplines in its use of book publications and Stevenson's books remain essential resources for the field. Literature reviews in this domain would therefore do well to take into account scholarly books as well as journals. A trustworthiness scale for reincarnation case studies is proposed as an assist to researchers in the construction of study samples.",
+        "output": "Birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region and claims of past-life memories: Cases in Ian Stevenson's Reincarnation and Biology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CEDARHURST, N.Y. - Postal Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE: NYSE:PSTL), a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in properties leased to the United States Postal Service (USPS), reported its year-end performance for 2023. The company announced the acquisition of 223 properties for approximately $78 million, expanding its portfolio to over 1,900 postal properties across the United States.During the fourth quarter of 2023, Postal Realty Trust maintained a 99.7% occupancy rate across its portfolio, which spans 49 states and one territory. The properties acquired in 2023 add roughly 532,000 net leasable interior square feet to the company's holdings, with a weighted average rental rate of $12.86 per square foot.The acquisitions were made at a weighted average capitalization rate of 7.7%. This rate is used in the real estate industry to estimate the investor's potential return on investment. Andrew Spodek, CEO of Postal Realty Trust, highlighted the company's strategic acquisitions and stable management of its balance sheet, noting that 96% of its debt has been set to fixed rates, with no near-term maturities. The company also has $141 million undrawn on its revolving credit facility.For the fourth quarter, the company collected 100% of its contractual rents and acquired 75 properties for about $20.7 million. The company's stock and common units were actively managed through sales and issuances, contributing to its capital strategy.The information provided in this article is based on a press release statement from Postal Realty Trust, Inc.As Postal Realty Trust, Inc. forges ahead with strategic acquisitions and robust management of its financials, investors may seek deeper insights into the company's performance and potential. According to InvestingPro, there are key metrics and tips that can offer a clearer picture of Postal Realty Trust's standing in the market.InvestingPro Tips highlight that the company has been able to maintain high earnings quality, with free cash flow exceeding net income, suggesting efficient operations and a solid foundation for sustaining its financial commitments. Additionally, the company's consistent increase in earnings per share points to a strong profitability trend, which is crucial for investors looking for growth as well as stability in their investments.Real-time data from InvestingPro further enriches the analysis. The company boasts an impressive gross profit margin of 92.39% for the last twelve months as of Q3 2023, which is indicative of its ability to manage costs and optimize earnings. Furthermore, with a P/E ratio of 18.47 and an even more attractive PEG ratio of 0.43, Postal Realty Trust is positioned as a potentially undervalued stock considering its earnings growth prospects.InvestingPro subscribers have access to additional tips that can guide investment decisions, and with a special New Year sale offering discounts of up to 50%, now is an opportune time for investors to consider this valuable resource. To sweeten the deal, use coupon code sfy24 to get an additional 15% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription. There are 11 more InvestingPro Tips available for Postal Realty Trust, offering a comprehensive outlook for those looking to invest wisely.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Postal Realty Trust, a REIT specializing in USPS-leased properties, expanded its portfolio to over 1,900 properties in 2023, acquiring 223 properties for $78 million with a 99.7% occupancy rate and a weighted average rental rate of $12.86 per square foot. The company's strategic acquisitions and stable balance sheet management, with 96% of debt fixed and $141 million undrawn on its revolving credit facility, contribute to its strong financial position.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Iran in 2022.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Primary care centres in Iran were selected from slums.PARTICIPANTS: Our study included 400 participants with T2D using a systematic random sampling method. Patients were included if they lived in slums for at least five consecutive years, were over 18 years old and did not have intellectual disabilities.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES: A self-report questionnaire was used to assess cost-coping strategies vis-a-vis T2D expenditures and factors influencing them, as well as forgone care among slum dwellers.RESULTS: Of the 400 patients who participated, 53.8% were female. Among the participants, 27.8% were illiterate, but 30.3% could read and write. 75.8% had income below 40million Rial. There was an association between age, education, income, basic insurance, supplemental insurance and cost-coping strategies (p<0.001). 88.2% of those with first university degree used health insurance and 34% of illiterate people used personal savings. 79.8% of people with income over 4million Rial reported using insurance to cope with healthcare costs while 55% of those with income under 4million Rial reported using personal savings and a combination of health insurance and personal savings to cope with healthcare costs. As a result of binary logistic regression, illiterate people (adjusted OR=16, 95% CI 3.65 to 70.17), individuals with low income (OR 5.024, 95%CI 2.42 to 10.41) and people without supplemental insurance (OR 1.885, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.37) are more likely to use other forms of cost-coping strategies than health insurance.CONCLUSIONS: As a result of insufficient use of insurance, cost-coping strategies used by slum dwellers vis-a-vis T2D expenditures do not protect them from financial risks. Expanding universal health coverage and providing supplemental insurance for those with T2D living in slums are recommended. Iran Health Insurance should adequately cover the costs of T2D care for slum dwellers so that they do not need to use alternative strategies.",
+        "output": "Financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system in Iran: a cross-sectional study among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of    Rivian Automotive    (NASDAQ:RIVN) were down by more than 3.5% in pre-market trading Wednesday morning after Deutsche Bank downgraded the automaker to a Hold rating (From Buy) and cutting their 12-month price target to $19.00 (From $29.00).Deutsche bank downgraded the automaker after realizing the downside risk to 2024 expectations around the company\u2019s volume and gross margin. Although the planned unveiling of the R2 could positively impact sentiment, numerous questions persist after the announcement, including the timing of capital requirements, production ramp, and profitability.\u201cWe expect 2024 volume guidance of just 65k units, amid prolonged factory shutdowns and slow ramp up.\u201d Wrote analysts in a note.Analysts believe the slowdown could lead to sustained significant losses until 3Q24, with the possibility of potential positive gross margins in the 4Q24, but only if executed flawlessly.Shares of RIVN are down 3.48% in pre-market trading Wednesday morning.",
-        "output": "Deutsche Bank downgraded Rivian Automotive to Hold, cutting its price target to $19 from $29, citing downside risk to 2024 volume and gross margin expectations, with analysts expecting only 65k units in 2024 due to factory shutdowns and slow ramp-up.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Climate change is a major threat to global heritage and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change and related hazards. Recent studies have indicated that this challenge is especially acute in the African continent. Climate vulnerability assessment is increasingly a key tool in periodic reporting and ongoing site management and an essential first step in climate adaptation planning. This paper presents results from climate vulnerability assessments undertaken at two UNESCO World Heritage (WH) properties: The Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara in Tanzania; and the Sukur Cultural Landscape in Nigeria. These assessments each applied a version of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a values-based, science-driven and community-focused technique. A values mapping exercise identified key heritage and socioeconomic values, including key attributes associated with the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WH property. Downscaled climate projections were used to identify key hazards over selected emissions scenarios and timeframes, before weighing potential impacts against local adaptive capacities. Based on the timeframes and emissions scenarios, the project found OUV Vulnerability was Moderate at the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara and Low at the Sukur Cultural Landscape, whilst the Community Vulnerability was Low for both properties. The paper will conclude with some wider observations on the application of climate vulnerability assessments in an African context and a focus on lessons learned. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Values, climate change and community- Results and lessons learned from the application of the climate vulnerability index in Tanzania and Nigeria",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TAIPEI - ASE Technology Holding Co (NYSE:ASX)., Ltd. (NYSE: ASX, TAIEX: 3711), a key player in semiconductor packaging and testing services, reported a decrease in its unaudited consolidated net revenues for December 2023, as well as for the fourth quarter and the full year when compared to the same periods in the previous year.According to the data released, December 2023 saw a decrease of 8.4% in net revenues to NT$49,906 million (US$1,589 million) compared to November 2023, and a year-over-year decline of 6.1% from December 2022. The fourth quarter revenues increased by 4.2% sequentially to NT$160,581 million (US$5,028 million), but showed a 9.5% decrease from the same quarter the previous year. For the full year of 2023, ASE Technology's net revenues were NT$581,914 million (US$18,688 million), marking a 13.3% decline from 2022.The company's ATM assembly, testing, and material business segment followed a similar trend, with December 2023 revenues falling by 4.5% sequentially to NT$26,218 million (US$835 million), and 7.9% lower than December 2022. The fourth quarter revenues for this segment also decreased by 2.0% to NT$82,004 million (US$2,568 million) from the previous quarter, and saw a significant 13.1% decrease year-over-year. The full-year revenues for the ATM segment came in at NT$315,114 million (US$10,128 million), which is a 15.3% decrease from the previous year.The company's press release includes forward-looking statements regarding future operations and financial performance, advising readers not to place undue reliance on these projections. ASE Technology's financial results and business prospects could differ materially due to various risks and uncertainties, including market conditions in the semiconductor industry and international business activities.This financial update is based on a press release statement and is intended to comply with Taiwan regulatory requirements. Investors are reminded to consider the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry and other market conditions when evaluating this information.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "ASE Technology Holding Co. reported a 6.1% year-over-year decline in December 2023 net revenues due to a decrease in ATM assembly, testing, and material business segment revenues. For the full year 2023, net revenues fell by 13.3% to NT$581,914 million (US$18,688 million).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the multiscalar changes in leprosy burden and its associated risk factors over the last three decades. Study design: We conducted an in-depth examination of leprosy's spatial-temporal trends at multiple geographical scale (global, regional, and national), utilizing information from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019). Methods: Incidence and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leprosy were determined, with countries categorized based on leprosy incidence changes. We examined socioeconomic and physical geography influences on leprosy incidence via Spearman correlation analysis, using ternary phase diagrams to reveal the synergetic effects on leprosy occurrence. Results: Globally, incident cases of leprosy decreased by 27.86% from 1990 to 2019, with a reduction in ASIR (EAPC = -2.53), yet trends were not homogeneous across regions. ASIR and EAPC correlated positively with sociodemographic index (SDI), and an ASIR growth appeared in high SDI region (EAPC = 3.07). Leprosy burden was chiefly distributed in Tropical Latin America, Oceania, Central SubSaharan Africa, and South Asia. Negative correlations were detected between the incidence of leprosy and factors of SDI, GDP per capita, urban population to total population, and precipitation, whereas the number of refugee population, temperature, and elevation showed opposite positive results. Conclusions: Despite a global decline in leprosy over the past three decades, the disparities of disease occurrence at regional and national scales still persisted. Socioeconomic and physical geographic factors posed an obvious influence on the transmission risk of leprosy. The persistence and regional fluctuations of leprosy incidence necessitate the ongoing dynamic and multilayered control strategies worldwide in combating this ancient disease. (c) 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Spatial-temporal trends in leprosy burden and its associations with socioeconomic and physical geographic factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW DELHI - In a recent oversight by India's aviation regulator, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), a fleet of Boeing (NYSE:BA) 737MAX airplanes operated by Akasa Air, Spicejet (NS:SPJT), and Air India Express has been cleared for service after a thorough inspection. The checks were prompted by an advisory issued by Boeing, recommending a one-time inspection before January 10.During the inspections, a missing washer was discovered in the Aft Rudder Quadrant of one aircraft. The DGCA, which supervised the inspection process, confirmed that the rest of the fleet showed no issues. Following the discovery, the affected aircraft was promptly repaired to comply with the service resumption deadline.The inspections were part of a proactive measure following an incident involving an Alaska Airlines jet. The DGCA's swift action to enforce Boeing's advisory and the subsequent confirmation of the fleet's airworthiness reflects a commitment to maintaining stringent safety standards in India's aviation sector. The quick identification and rectification of the single issue found ensures that the Boeing 737MAX planes continue to operate safely within the country.In response to DGCA's safety inspection that discovered a missing washer in one out of India's fleet of Boeing 737 Max airplanes shared among Akasa Air (22), SpiceJet (9), and Air India Express (9), Boeing has taken further action. Today, they mandated urgent global checks on its entire fleet of over 1,300 jets. This action comes after an Alaska Airlines door blow-out and historical safety issues that led to a significant 20-month grounding period for the model.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "India's DGCA cleared Boeing 737MAX planes operated by Akasa Air, Spicejet, and Air India Express for service after inspections prompted by a Boeing advisory, with one aircraft having a missing washer that was promptly repaired. In response, Boeing has mandated urgent global checks on its entire fleet of over 1,300 jets due to historical safety issues.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study examines the integration of extended reality technologies (ERTs) to replicate sensory dimensions of the phygital customer experience in the metaverse. The goal is to create a seamless merge between physical and digital settings. Using mixed -method qualitative research, the study's findings suggest that replicating all sensory dimensions in the metaverse is pointless. Sight and touch have positive effects, while sound and scent have mixed effects, and replicating taste has been rejected. The research offers insights into the technologies and sensory dimensions that are crucial to consider in creating immersive phygital customer experiences in the metaverse, contributing to bridging the gap between physical and digital worlds.",
+        "output": "Phygital customer experience in the metaverse: A study of consumer sensory perception of sight, touch, sound, scent, and taste",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Climate change is a major threat to global heritage and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change and related hazards. Recent studies have indicated that this challenge is especially acute in the African continent. Climate vulnerability assessment is increasingly a key tool in periodic reporting and ongoing site management and an essential first step in climate adaptation planning. This paper presents results from climate vulnerability assessments undertaken at two UNESCO World Heritage (WH) properties: The Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara in Tanzania; and the Sukur Cultural Landscape in Nigeria. These assessments each applied a version of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a values-based, science-driven and community-focused technique. A values mapping exercise identified key heritage and socioeconomic values, including key attributes associated with the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WH property. Downscaled climate projections were used to identify key hazards over selected emissions scenarios and timeframes, before weighing potential impacts against local adaptive capacities. Based on the timeframes and emissions scenarios, the project found OUV Vulnerability was Moderate at the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara and Low at the Sukur Cultural Landscape, whilst the Community Vulnerability was Low for both properties. The paper will conclude with some wider observations on the application of climate vulnerability assessments in an African context and a focus on lessons learned. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Values, climate change and community- Results and lessons learned from the application of the climate vulnerability index in Tanzania and Nigeria",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is one of the leading causes of disability and dependence in older adults and is a major economic burden on the public health system. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and their predictive value in older adults in Northwest China.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed through the Elderly Disability Monitoring Platform to older adults aged 60 years and above in Northwest China, who were divided into cognitive dysfunction and normal cognitive function groups. In addition to univariate analyses, logistic regression and decision tree modelling were used to construct a model to identify factors that can predict the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in older adults.RESULTS: A total of 12,494 valid questionnaires were collected, including 2617 from participants in the cognitive dysfunction group and 9877 from participants in the normal cognitive function group. Univariate analysis revealed that ethnicity, BMI, age, educational attainment, marital status, type of residence, residency status, current work status, main economic source, type of chronic disease, long-term use of medication, alcohol consumption, participation in social activities, exercise status, social support, total scores on the Balanced Test Assessment, total scores on the Gait Speed Assessment total score, and activities of daily living (ADL) were significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.05). According to logistic regression analyses, ethnicity, BMI, educational attainment, marital status, residency, main source of income, chronic diseases, annual medical examination, alcohol consumption, exercise status, total scores on the Balanced Test Assessment, and activities of daily living (ADLs) were found to influence cognitive dysfunction in older adults (all P<0.05). In the decision tree model, the ability to perform activities of daily living was the root node, followed by total scores on the Balanced Test Assessment, marital status, educational attainment, age, annual medical examination, and ethnicity.CONCLUSIONS: Traditional risk factors (including BMI, literacy, and alcohol consumption) and potentially modifiable risk factors (including balance function, ability to care for oneself in daily life, and widowhood) have a significant impact on the increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in older adults in Northwest China. The use of decision tree models can help health care workers better assess cognitive function in older adults and develop personalized interventions. Further research could help to gain insight into the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and provide new avenues for prevention and intervention.",
+        "output": "An analysis of factors influencing cognitive dysfunction among older adults in Northwest China based on logistic regression and decision tree modelling.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper proposed a novel method for the non-invasive extraction of proteinaceous binders from panel paintings using high-acyl (HA) and low-acyl (LA) gellan gums. The binder extraction effects of different gums on simulated panel paintings were compared and characterized in terms of extracted protein concentration, macro and micro appearance, color difference, pH, and contact angle. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to analyze the extraction mechanism. On this basis, non-invasive extraction was conducted on panel paintings with different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders using HA gellan gums. The results showed that neither HA nor LA gellan gum significantly affected the surface color, pH, contact angle, or visual appearance of the paint layer. The protein extraction effect of gellan gum is mainly affected by pressure and concentration gradient. The HA gellan gum has a strong water retention capacity, high softness, and a more stable internal structure. Therefore, the concentration of the protein solution extracted by HA gellan gum was 2.4 times higher than that extracted by LA gellan gum, with less possibility of gel residue. Further, HA gellan gum showed a good extraction effect on different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to serve as an effective means for the non-invasive extraction of proteins from painted objects. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Novel non-invasive method for extracting proteinaceous binders from panel paintings",
+        "input": "Many Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan struggle with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the effects of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Some people with a history of TBI report a constellation of somatic, cognitive, and emotional complaints that are often referred to as postconcussive symptoms (PCS). Research suggests these symptoms may not be specific to TBI. This study examined the impact of PTSD treatment on PCS in combat Veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. As part of a larger randomized control trial, 198 Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation New Dawn (OIF/OEF/OND) Veterans with PTSD received Prolonged Exposure Therapy, sertraline, or the combination. Potential deployment related TBI, PCS, PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed throughout treatment. Linear mixed models were used to predict PCS change over time across the full sample and treatment arms, and the association of change in PTSD and depression symptoms on PCS was also examined. Patterns of change for the full sample and the subsample of those who reported a head injury were examined. Results showed that PCS decreased with treatment. There were no significant differences across treatments. No significant differences were found in the pattern of symptom change based on TBI screening status. Shifts in PCS were predicted by change PTSD and depression. Results suggest that PCS reduced with PTSD treatment in this population and are related to shift in depression and PTSD severity, further supporting that reported PCS symptoms may be better understood as non-specific symptoms.",
+        "output": "Impact of PTSD treatment on postconcussive symptoms in veterans: A comparison of sertraline, prolonged exposure, and their combination.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In the era of Gavi's 5.0 vision of leaving no one behind with immunization, childhood routine vaccination in missed communities is considered as a priority concern. Despite having a success story at the national level, low uptake of immunization is still persistent in selected pocket areas of Bangladesh. However, prevalence and the associated factors of zero-dose (ZD) and under-immunization (UI) are still unknown at those geo-pockets of Bangladesh. Thus, the study aims to report and identify the factors associated with ZD and UI in selected geographical locations.METHODS: This study used data from a Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) survey where 504 households from 18 clusters of four hard to reach (HTR) and one urban slum were included. Caregivers of children aged 4.5 to 23months were interviewed. Three outcome variables- ZD, UI and ZD/UI were considered and several related attributes were considered as independent variables. Data were analyzed through bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression and dominance analysis.RESULTS: Overall, 32% of the children were either ZD (8%) or UI (26%) in the selected areas. The adjusted odds of ZD/UI for urban slum and haor (wetlands) areas were 5.62 and 3.61 respectively considering coastal areas as reference. However, distance of nearest EPI center, availability of EPI card, age of caregivers, education and occupation of mother and number of earning members in household were influential factors for ZD/UI. According to dominance analysis, availability of EPI card can explain the most of the variation of ZD/UI in this study.CONCLUSION: The study findings highlight the high prevalence ZD/UI in certain geo-pockets of the country. It provided a powerful insight of current situation and associated factors in regards to ZD/UI in the country which will help policy-makers and programme managers in designing programmes to reduce missed communities in Bangladesh.",
-        "output": "Prevalence of and factors associated with zero-dose and under-immunized children in selected areas of Bangladesh: Findings from Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Survey.",
+        "input": "Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.",
+        "output": "Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The bull-run in Indian financial markets is likely to continue in 2024 as foreign interest remains robust, with heavy buying expected in both equity and debt markets, several analysts and industry watchers said.India's inclusion in the JPMorgan emerging market debt index will boost investments in government debt, while attractive valuations will keep funds flowing into the share market.\"I expect shares to see inflows of around $30 billion in 2024, with front-loading in the January-March quarter,\" Andrew Holland, CEO of Avendus Capital Public Markets Alternate Strategies in Mumbai, said.\"For 2024, earnings growth would be around 15 per cent, and the index would also grow around 15 per cent from where it ends in December.\"Overseas investors bought Indian shares worth net $20.7 billion in 2023 until Dec. 28, the highest since 2020, while their net debt purchases stood at $8 billion, according to data from National Securities Depository.India's benchmark BSE Sensex rose 19 per cent in 2023, while the wider Nifty 50 gained 20 per cent, with both indexes hitting record highs in late December, because of upbeat economic data and companies' performance, traders said.The Federal Reserve's pivot towards rate cuts has also buoyed emerging markets, they added.Banks, information technology firms and metals will lead India's stock rally, with some push from defense and renewables, Andrew Holland said.Sreekanth Nadella, MD and CEO at financial management firm KFintech expects foreign inflows in healthcare to trigger outperformance in that sector.Financials, which have been lagging, could also attract higher flows, Nadella added.Meanwhile, India's bonds will be boosted as JPMorgan adds some government securities to its emerging market index from June.\"We are positive on India into the next year as foreign inflows will pick up on the back of bond index inclusion,\" Jean-Charles Sambor, Head Emerging Markets, Fixed Income at BNP Paribas Asset Management, said.India's 10-year benchmark bond yield was down 15 basis points in 2023, following a 143-basis-points rise in the previous two years.Though the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is unlikely to start cutting rates until April-June, investors expect bond yields to fall on rate cut hopes.The 10-year bond yield could fall to 7per cent over the next six months, Sampath Reddy, chief investment officer at Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, said.The Indian rupee will continue trading sideways as the RBI could absorb a bulk of the inflows, traders said.The rupee declined for a sixth year in a row in 2023, with its volatility hitting near 20-year lows on the back of persistent central bank intervention, they added.",
-        "output": "Foreign interest in Indian financial markets is expected to remain strong in 2024, with analysts predicting inflows of $30 billion into equity and debt markets. India's inclusion in the JPMorgan emerging market debt index will boost investments in government debt, while attractive valuations will keep funds flowing into the share market.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the health and economic outcomes of a PCV13 or PCV15 age-based (65years-and-above) vaccination program in Switzerland.INTERVENTIONS: The three vaccination strategies examined were:Target population: All adults aged 65years-and-above. Perspective(s): Switzerland health care payer.TIME HORIZON: 35years. Discount rate: 3.0%. Costing year: 2023 Swiss Francs (CHF).STUDY DESIGN: A static Markov state-transition model.DATA SOURCES: Published literature and publicly available databases or reports.OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumococcal diseases (PD) i.e., invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP); total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (CHF/QALY gained).RESULTS: Using an assumed coverage of 60%, the PCV15 strategy prevented a substantially higher number of cases/deaths than the PCV13 strategy when compared to the No vaccination strategy (1,078 IPD; 21,155 NBPP; 493 deaths). The overall total QALYs were 10,364,620 (PCV15), 10,364,070 (PCV13), and 10,362,490 (no vaccination). The associated overall total costs were CHF 741,949,814 (PCV15), CHF 756,051,954 (PCV13) and CHF 698,329,579 (no vaccination). Thus, the PCV13 strategy was strongly dominated by the PCV15 strategy. The ICER of the PCV15 strategy (vs. no vaccination) was CHF 20,479/QALY gained. In two scenario analyses where the vaccine effectiveness for serotype 3 were reduced (75% to 39.3% for IPD; 45% to 23.6% for NBPP) and NBPP incidence was increased (from 1,346 to 1,636/100,000), the resulting ICERs were CHF 29,432 and CHF 13,700/QALY gained, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the qualitative results-the estimated ICERs for the PCV15 strategy (vs. No vaccination) were all below CHF 30,000/QALYs gained.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that using PCV15 among adults aged 65years-and-above can prevent a substantial number of PD cases and deaths while remaining cost-effective over a range of inputs and scenarios.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the health and economic outcomes of a PCV15 vaccination program for adults aged 65years-and-above in Switzerland.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: To characterize and compare female ice hockey players' peak skating speed and acceleration ability during linear sprints and gameplay. We also sought to quantify the time spent at various speeds and the frequency of accelerations at different thresholds during games.METHODS: Seventeen varsity-level female ice hockey players (20 [1.4]y, 68.9 [4.9]kg, 167.6 [4.7]cm) participated in an on-ice practice session (performing 3 * 40-m linear sprints) and 4 regular-season games while being monitored using a local positioning system. Speed and acceleration were recorded from the sprint and within-game monitoring. Time on ice spent in relative skating speed zones and the frequency of accelerations at different intensities were recorded.RESULTS: Players' greatest peak speeds (29.5 [1.3] vs 28.3 [1.1]km/h) and accelerations (4.39 [0.48] vs 3.34 [0.36]m/s2) reached during gameplay were higher than those reached in linear sprinting (both P < .01). Peak in-game values were moderately predicted by linear sprint values for speed (r = .69, P < .01) but not for acceleration (r < .01, P = .95). Players spent little time at near-peak linear sprint speeds (\u226580% [22.7km/h], 3% time on ice; \u226590% [25.5km/h], <1% of time on ice) during gameplay. However, 26% to 35% of accelerations recorded during the 4 games were \u226590% of linear sprint acceleration.CONCLUSIONS: Although skating speed may be advantageous in specific game situations, our results suggest that players spend little time at near-maximal speeds while accelerating frequently during games. This warrants further investigation of direction changes, skating transitions, repeated sprints, and other determinant variables potentially related to on-ice success and the implementation of training strategies to improve repeated acceleration or qualities beyond maximal skating speed.",
-        "output": "Investigating the Relevance of Maximal Speed and Acceleration in Varsity-Level Female Ice Hockey Players.",
+        "input": "Under what conditions does the US public support the domestic use of different institutions of coercive state power? We theorize how the type of situation, the type of actor, the mission, and the type of intervention influence public support for such missions. We use a preregistered conjoint survey experiment to test our hypotheses and find that participants (i) are less supportive of interventions in response to protests than to natural disasters or terrorism, (ii) generally prefer the police or the National Guard to the military, (iii) mistrust order maintenance interventions, and (iv) prefer intervening actors be unarmed. Preferences (ii)-(iv) are strongly conditioned on the type of event. We also find that Republicans are more accepting of military actors, order maintenance interventions, armed interventions, and policing responses to protests. We note implications for public trust in the military, the militarization of policing, and the domestic use of federal forces.",
+        "output": "I'm from the Government, and I'm Here to Help: Public Perceptions of Coercive State Power",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Emergency medical systems in the world are mainly based on two main models: the Franco-German System (FGS) and the Anglo-American System (AAS). The characteristic feature of the FGS is the Stay and Play principle, while the AAS system is based on the Scoop and Run principle. The Polish model is a mix of those two systems mainly based on the work of paramedics. Their scope of operations and powers have changed over time. As a result of the advocacy undertaken by paramedics in Poland, legislation was drafted and became law in June 2023. The central changes include: the introduction of a paramedic register, the establishment of a professional self-government of paramedics, the expansion of professional competencies such as the ability to declare death, and new opportunities for professional development including speciality training or paid training leave. This article discusses the new law in the context of previous legislative solutions in the field of emergency medicine in Poland and in other European countries.",
-        "output": "New paramedic scope of practice in Poland based on the 2022 reform.",
+        "input": "We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Oriental Rail Infrastructure (ORIL) were locked at the upper circuit for the eight straight day, up 5 per cent at Rs 235.35 on the BSE on Tuesday at 11:44 AM, on the back of heavy volumes.Thus far in the month of December, the market price of the company has zoomed 91 per cent from a level of Rs 123. In past six months, it has skyrocketed 442 per cent from Rs 43.38 and 602 per cent from its 52-week low price of Rs 33.50 touched on May 4.The average trading volumes at the counter more-than doubled",
-        "output": "Oriental Rail Infrastructure (ORIL) shares surged 91% in December, hitting an upper circuit for eight consecutive days due to heavy trading volumes, driven by a 442% increase in the past six months.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article presents a critical analysis of whether South African courts employ established theoretical concepts to delineate the boundaries between custom and customary law. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, the article begins by providing an overview of the South African legal system, laying the groundwork for the subsequent discussion. The article then delves into prominent theories that address the differentiation between custom and customary law, providing a succinct summary of each. Finally, the article examines the degree to which these theories have been embraced by the courts. Notably, the article uncovers the courts' emphasis on factors such as certainty and the protection of human rights when deciding whether to apply customary law, rather than relying solely on the distinction between custom and customary law.",
+        "output": "Custom Versus Customary Law: Does South African Jurisprudence Draw the Distinction?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 15 (IANS) Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) is going to reportedly combine its Siri quality control team of 121 employees in San Diego with the one in Austin, Texas.Those who choose not to move could be let go on April 26, reports Bloomberg.An Apple spokesperson confirmed that the Siri quality control team will \u201chave the opportunity to continue their role with Apple in Austin.\u201dThe company reportedly told employees they can apply for other jobs within the company. However, some employees doubt they\u2019re qualified for other Apple roles in the city, and most don\u2019t plan to move, according to the report.Apple is the only tech company which has mostly avoided letting employees go, like the other Big Tech companies including Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL), Meta (NASDAQ:META) and Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) have done in the past two years.Those who wish to relocate, they\u2019ll be given $7,000 stipends. Apple will reportedly offer the others four weeks of severance plus another week\u2019s worth per year that they worked, as well as six months of health insurance.The San Diego team reportedly listens to Siri recordings in multiple languages, including Hebrew, English, Spanish, and Arabic. Apple recently released frameworks and libraries supporting AI development on code repositories.The company is also working on optimising large language models (LLMs) for use on its iPhones.--IANSna/kvd",
-        "output": "Apple is reportedly combining its Siri quality control teams in San Diego and Austin, Texas, with employees given the option to relocate or face potential layoffs. The San Diego team, consisting of 121 employees, will have the opportunity to continue their roles in Austin, with relocation stipends offered to those who choose to move.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Deacidification is a necessary and urgent means of protecting acidified paper documents. However, the contradiction between deacidification efficiency and uniformity in existing aqueous or organic phase deacidification methods has not been resolved yet, which is mainly attributed to the differences in capillary action of paper on solvents with different polarities. In this work, a strategy of two-phase deacidification was proposed to achieve efficient and uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance. Impregnation of nano magnesium oxide organic dispersion of deacidified paper achieved efficient batch deacidification and sufficient alkali reserve. Using ultrasonic atomization of saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the penetration of alkaline substances into paper promoted uniform deacidification based on strong capillary action. Meanwhile, microstructural reinforcement of paper fibers was achieved based on the multiple interactions. This method can endow the treated paper with better thermal stability and long-lasting aging resistance. After artificial accelerated aging for 30 d, the treated paper samples still maintained the highest tensile index (18.46 Nm/g), folding endurance (8.5 times), tear index (3.95 mN center dot m2/g) and displayed negligible chromatic aberration (AE = 2.46 +/- 0.21). This method greatly extends the lifespan of acidified paper, which has significant value for the protection of paper documents. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Enhancing capillary action of acidified paper to achieve uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Lossless and near-lossless image compression is of paramount importance to professional users in many technical fields, such as medicine, remote sensing, precision engineering and scientific research. But despite rapidly growing research interests in learning-based image compression, no published method offers both lossless and near-lossless modes. In this paper, we propose a unified and powerful deep lossy plus residual (DLPR) coding framework for both lossless and near-lossless image compression. In the lossless mode, the DLPR coding system first performs lossy compression and then lossless coding of residuals. We solve the joint lossy and residual compression problem in the approach of VAEs, and add autoregressive context modeling of the residuals to enhance lossless compression performance. In the near-lossless mode, we quantize the original residuals to satisfy a given l(infinity) error bound, and propose a scalable near-lossless compression scheme that works for variable l(infinity) bounds instead of training multiple networks. To expedite the DLPR coding, we increase the degree of algorithm parallelization by a novel design of coding context, and accelerate the entropy coding with adaptive residual interval. Experimental results demonstrate that the DLPR coding system achieves both the state-of-the-art lossless and near-lossless image compression performance with competitive coding speed.",
-        "output": "Deep Lossy Plus Residual Coding for Lossless and Near-Lossless Image Compression",
+        "input": "Due to rapid growth in tourism and other economic activities, several small cities and towns in the Indian Himalayan region are facing problems of unplanned construction and extended use of deteriorating old structures. Despite being in the most active zone of seismic activity, significant nonengineered construction is practiced in this region. Hence, it becomes essential to examine the existing engineered and nonengineered building typologies and assess their vulnerabilities against earthquake shaking. This study presents typical engineered and nonengineered construction practices observed through a survey of 1,009 buildings located within Mandi, a small town in the lap of the great Himalayas in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. An attempt is made to identify the typical building typologies, visible structural irregular features and their seismic vulnerability. A few building typologies predominantly prevail in the northern zone of the Indian Himalayan region are identified. Rapid visual screening (RVS) of the surveyed buildings is performed using different existing guidelines. It is observed that a substantial number of buildings with hybrid typology (stone masonry mixed with brick masonry or reinforced concrete) prevail in the study area. It is also observed that the seismic vulnerability, as per the adopted RVS guidelines, of the majority of the buildings is high, indicating urgent demand to safeguard the vulnerable built environment and develop the framework for a seismic resilient society. It is further concluded that use of region-specific vulnerability attributes can improve the segregation of buildings based on expected damage.The seismic assessment of large existing building stock through rapid visual screening (RVS) is important for preliminary evaluation. This study presents crucial insights into seismic vulnerability assessment and earthquake-resistant construction practices in the Indian Himalayan region. It identifies new building typologies, prevalent poor construction practices, and critical vulnerable attributes in the case study region. These findings hold significant practical implications for various stakeholders, including engineers, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. By understanding the ground conditions of construction practices, building typologies, and vulnerability attributes, stakeholders can develop robust RVS methodologies which accurately assess their seismic vulnerability for planning effective seismic risk mitigation strategies and promote earthquake-resistant construction practices. Identifying new building typologies will encourage future research to quantify vulnerability through numerical studies, experimental investigation, and field data.",
+        "output": "Construction Practices and Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Case Study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 16 (IANS) Maharatna public sector company REC (NS:RECM) Limited has successfully issued green bonds worth 61.1 billion Japanese Yen which is the largest ever Yen-denominated issue from India, according to an official statement released on Tuesday.The 5-year, 5.25-year and 10-year bonds have been issued at yields of 1.76 per cent, 1.79 per cent and 2.20 per cent respectively under REC\u2019s USD 10 billion Global Medium Term Notes Programme.The transaction witnessed interest from both Japanese and international accounts, with the number of orders from each at 50 per cent, international allocation being one of the highest for any other Indian Yen deal, the statement said.Proceeds from the bonds will be applied to finance the eligible green projects in accordance with the company\u2019s green finance framework, RBI\u2019s external commercial borrowings guidelines and the approvals granted by it from time to time.The transaction is also the largest non-sovereign Yen-denominated issuance ever from South and South East Asia.Chairman & Managing Director, REC Limited, Vivek Kumar Dewangan said: \u201cWe are delighted to successfully price our inaugural Euro-Yen Green bonds, which reaffirms REC\u2019s position as an established issuer with deep access to global funding, while maintaining the overall cost of funding lower than the industry standards.\u201dThe notes will be rated Baa3/BBB\u2013/BBB+ (Moody's/Fitch/JCR) and will be listed exclusively on Global Securities Market of India International Exchange (India INX) and NSE IFSC in GIFT City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. DBS Bank, Mizuho, MUFG, and SMBC Nikko are the joint lead managers for the issue.REC is a Maharatna company under the administrative control of the Ministry of Power and is registered with RBI as Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC), Public Financial Institution (PFI) and Infrastructure Financing Company (IFC).--IANSpannu/dan",
-        "output": "REC Limited, a Maharatna public sector company, has successfully issued green bonds worth 61.1 billion Japanese Yen, the largest ever Yen-denominated issue from India. The proceeds will be used to finance eligible green projects in accordance with the company's green finance framework.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on the surface microhardness and roughness of different bioactive restorative materials. Materials and methods A total of 60-disc specimens (5 mm x 2 mm) were performed in four groups (n = 15 each) from Equia Forte HT, Cention N, Activa Bioactive Restorative, and Beautifil II. Following the polishing procedure (600, 1000, 1200 grit silicon carbide papers), all specimens were irradiated at 2 Gy per fraction, five times a week for a total dose of 70 Gy in 30 fractions over 7 weeks. Before and after the irradiation, the specimens were analyzed regarding the surface roughness and microhardness. Surface morphology was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and paired sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant differences were found after radiation with increased mean roughness of both Cention N (p = 0.001) and Beautifil II (p < 0.001) groups. In terms of microhardness, only the Beautifil II group showed significant differences with decreased values after radiation. There were statistically significant differences among the groups' roughness and microhardness data before and after radiotherapy (p < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of radiotherapy might differ according to the type of the restorative material. Although results may differ for other tested materials, giomer tends to exhibit worse behaviour in terms of both surface roughness and microhardness. Clinical relevance In patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, it should be taken into consideration that the treatment process may also have negative effects on the surface properties of anti-caries restorative materials.",
+        "output": "Effect of radiotherapy on the surface roughness and microhardness of contemporary bioactive restorative materials",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In this article, we study the problem of recovering sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected descent. We first provide a theoretical study of approximate recovery with our chosen initialization method: Continuous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit without Sliding. Then we study the effect of over-parametrization on the gradient descent which highlights the benefits of the projection step. Finally, we show the improved calculation times of our algorithm compared to state-of-the-art model-based methods on realistic simulated microscopy data.",
-        "output": "Estimation of off-the grid sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected gradient descent: theory and application",
+        "input": "Russia and Germany both industrialized later than England and the United States, and both countries retained authoritarian autocracies until World War I. On the basis of a large collection of firm-level balance sheets, this paper presents new evidence revealing the likely impact of these systematic disparities on emerging industry's access to capital. Contrary to the standard 'economic backwardness' and 'law and finance' literatures, we argue that differences in financing between Russian and German corporations were consistent with authoritarian control of corporate entry as well as Russia's agricultural economy and overall lower level of economic development.",
+        "output": "Finance capitalism in industrializing autocracies: Evidence from corporate balance sheets in imperial Germany and Russia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Trent hit a new high of Rs 3,060, up 1 per cent on the BSE in Friday's intraday trade in an otherwise weak market, on expectations of strong earnings. In comparison, the S&P BSE Sensex was down 0.33 per cent at 72,170 at 02:46 PM.The stock of the Tata group company has zoomed 127 per cent during the current calendar year 2023 as compared to 19 per cent surge in the S&P BSE Sensex. Moreover, this is the ninth consecutive calendar year when Trent has outperformed the market, data shows.In the previous calendar year 2022 (CY22), the stock",
-        "output": "Trent shares reached a new high of Rs 3,060 on the BSE, up 1% in an otherwise weak market, due to expectations of strong earnings. The stock has outperformed the market for nine consecutive calendar years, with a 127% surge in 2023 compared to the Sensex's 19% rise.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "How did Louis Pasteur, born in a small town in the Jura-Dole, still little known to the world today, become a man of global recognition and fame? The answer to this question is guided by two pivotal considerations. First is Pasteur's relationship to the representation of reality. This relationship was seeded and steadily developed since his juvenile years through practicing different forms of artistic expression, the most famous of which were subtle pastels portraying Pasteur's parents and neighbors. This genuine attraction towards art gradually became scientificized at the same time, when new means of reproducing the reality were invented, such as photography. The second consideration, critical to understand the phenomenon of Pasteur's celebrity, is a strong linkage of his research with nature-based agricultural production. Here again, deeply rooted in his youth and home environment, permeated with the taste of wine and the smell of tanned leather, Pasteur's interests necessitated the processes of communication, not only at the scientific level, but also on a daily life basis, with numerous social actors at play (ferments, silkworms etc.). Throughout his work, Pasteur had to provide himself with the means to set up these interdisciplinarity and communication. The final result was the Pasteur Institute, or rather the Pasteur Institutes and the global Pasteur network.",
+        "output": "Louis Pasteur, a child of the Jura, a man for the world.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study aims to comprehend and test the mediating effect of Green Process Innovation (GPI) and the moderating effect of Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Green Business Strategies (GBS) and Environmental Performance (EP) relationship. 252 manufacturing sector employees in North India participated in the data collection. The study used Structural equation modelling and Process Macro for investigating the hypothesized model. The results supported the hypothesized association between AIenabled GBS and EP. The study found that GPI mediate the constructive association between AI -enabled GBS and EP. GDC emerged as significant moderators for AI -enabled GBS and EP relationship. The article offers some helpful inputs for the Indian manufacturing industry to understand the importance of AI -enabled GBS in enhancing EP to move towards Carbon neutrality. The results suggest some practical implications for organizations wherein firms can maintain their focus on GPI at the organizational level by having AI -backed GBS, which will help the business achieve better EP. There is a scope to dig deep on comprehending the moderating impact of GDC in this context. The study recommends that GDC can further boost GPI, which will ultimately impact the firm's goal of carbon neutrality by shaping EP.",
-        "output": "AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Low admission rates at Polish medical universities led many students to study abroad. Ukraine provided an appealing option for years. The purpose of the study is to investigate the most important factors that motived Polish students enrolled at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in Ukraine to pursue medical and dentistry studies in lower middle-income countries, just before the outbreak of the war. It has become incredibly important to determine crucial economic and non-economic factors.METHODS: The paper draws on a quantitative survey (N=94) conducted among medical and dental students from Poland who had studied at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in Ukraine using a semi-structured questionnaire. To test whether there was a relationship between the importance of the motives, Pearson's chi-square independence test was employed.RESULTS: The study found the key economic and non-economic factors for pursuing Ukrainian studies were rejection from Polish tuition-free programs, lower Ukrainian tuition and living costs compared to Poland and to other European Union countries. Determining reasons for choosing Ternopil University were recruiter and friend recommendations and its prestige among Ukrainian medical schools. Gender influenced the ranking of motives.CONCLUSION: The article examines the unique pre-war educational migration from Poland to Ukraine - occurring counter to typical flows from lower to higher a lower income country. The study showed that universities should strengthen recruiting efforts and highlight competitive tuition and living costs to attract international students, especially from relatively more developed nations.",
+        "output": "Factors of pre-war educational migration: an investigation of polish medical and dental students in Ukraine.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Communication between clinicians and family members of patients about treatment limitation practices is essential to care-planning and decision-making. For patients and family members from culturally diverse backgrounds, there are additional considerations when communicating about treatment limitations.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds in intensive care.METHODS: A descriptive study using a retrospective medical record audit was undertaken. Medical record data were collected from patients who died in 2018 in four intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia. Data are presented using descriptive and inferential statisticsand progress note entries.RESULTS: From 430 adult deceased patients, 49.3% (n=212) of patients were born overseas, 56.9% (n=245) identified with a religion, and 14.9% (n=64) spoke a language other than English as their preferred language. Professional interpreters were used in 4.9% (n=21) of family meetings. Documentation about the level of treatment limitation decisions were present in 82.1% (n=353) of patient records. Nurses were documented as present for treatment limitation discussions for 49.3% (n=174) of patients. Where nurses were present, nurses supported family members, including reassurance that end-of-life wishes would be respected. There was evidence of nurses coordinating healthcare activities and attempting to address and resolve difficulties experienced by family members.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known Australian study to explore documented evidence of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Many patients have documented treatment limitations, yet there are a proportion of patients who die before treatment limitations can be discussed with family, which may influence the timing and quality of end-of-life care. Where language barriers exist, interpreters should be used to better ensure effective communication between clinicians and family. Greater provision for nurses to engage in treatment limitation discussions is required.",
-        "output": "A retrospective descriptive study of medical record documentation of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evaluation of students' learning strategies can enhance academic support. Few studies have investigated differences in learning strategies between male and female students as well as their impact on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and preclinical performance.METHODS: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) was administered to the classes of 2019-2024 (female (n=350) and male (n=262)). Students' performance on preclinical first-year (M1) courses, preclinical second-year (M2) courses, and USMLE Step 1 was recorded. An independent t-test evaluated differences between females and males on each LASSI scale. A Pearson product moment correlation determined which LASSI scales correlated with preclinical performance and USMLE Step 1 examinations.RESULTS: Of the 10 LASSI scales, Anxiety, Attention, Information Processing, Selecting Main Idea, Test Strategies and Using Academic Resources showed significant differences between genders. Females reported higher levels of Anxiety (p<0.001), which significantly influenced their performance. While males and females scored similarly in Concentration, Motivation, and Time Management, these scales were significant predictors of performance variation in females. Test Strategies was the largest contributor to performance variation for all students, regardless of gender.CONCLUSION: Gender differences in learning influence performance on STEP1. Consideration of this study's results will allow for targeted interventions for academic success.",
+        "output": "Gender differences in learning and study strategies impact medical students' preclinical and USMLE step 1 examination performance.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Implementing PBL in teaching and learning can be challenging due to a variety of complex barriers. Studies on barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning in Ethiopia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning at the Debre Berhan University Medical School.METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among faculty and medical students at the medical school. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with tutors and academic leaders, including the problem-based learning coordinator, the biomedical sciences coordinator, and the school dean. Data was also collected from students through focus group discussions. All interviews and discussions were recorded. The four steps of data analysis of Spradley, including domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis, were employed.RESULTS: The study identified student-related, tutor-related, case scenario-related, and assessment-related barriers as the most significant obstacles to implementing problem-based learning. These barriers included work overload for both students and tutors, lack of training and experience among tutors, student reluctance, absence of standardized case scenarios, subjectivity of assessment methods, and on-the-spot assessment of students.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Lack of both tutor and student commitment, lack of standardized cases, absence of a recognition of staff input, gap in communication skills, work overload, lack of continuous training, and at-spot evaluation of students were identified as the main barriers to the implementation of PBL.",
-        "output": "Barriers to implementing problem-based learning at the school of medicine of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia.",
+        "input": "The difficulty of collecting maize leaf lesion characteristics in an environment that undergoes frequent changes, suffers varying illumination from lighting sources, and is influenced by a variety of other factors makes detecting diseases in maize leaves difficult. It is critical to monitor and identify plant leaf diseases during the initial growing period to take suitable preventative measures. In this work, wepropose an automated maize leaf disease recognition system constructed using the PRF-SVM model. The PRFSVM model was constructed by combining three powerful components: PSPNet, ResNet50, and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (Fuzzy SVM). The combination of PSPNet and ResNet50 not only assures that the model can capture delicate visual features but also allows for end-to-end training for smooth integration.Fuzzy SVM is included as a final classification layer to accommodate the inherent fuzziness and uncertainty in real-world image data.Five different maize crop diseases (common rust, southern rust, grey leaf spot, maydis leaf blight, and turcicum leaf blight along with healthy leaves) are selected from the Plant Village dataset for the algorithm's evaluation. The average accuracy achieved using the proposed method is approximately 96.67%. The PRFSVM model achieves an average accuracy rating of 96.67% and a mAP value of 0.81, demonstrating the efficacy of our approach for detecting and classifying various forms of maize leaf diseases.",
+        "output": "Maize leaf disease recognition using PRF-SVM integration: a breakthrough technique.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com -- Main U.S. indexes were slightly higher as investors adopted a \u201cwait-and-see\u201d approach ahead of the release of the key monthly inflation data later in the week.Here are some of the biggest U.S. stock movers today:\u200bBoeing (NYSE:BA) stock rose 1.5%, attempting to rebound after a drop of 9% over the last two sessions in the wake of the mid-air blow-out of a door panel on one of its 737 Max aircraft last week, even as Chief Executive Dave Calhoun admitted that it was \"our mistake.\"Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) declined 0.7% as EV stocks traded lower. NIO Inc. (NIO)declined 2.5% and    Rivian Automotive    (NASDAQ:RIVN) was down 1%. Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN) stock fell 1.8% in the wake of the sell off in bitcoin after the post on the popular social media platform X, which appeared to show that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission had for the first-time approved Bitcoin exchange traded funds, proved to be false.Dow (DOW) stock fell 1% after  Deutsche Bank  (ETR:DBKGn) downgraded the chemicals firm to \u2018hold\u2019 from \u2018buy\u2019.Etsy (NASDAQ:ETSY) stock fell 2.3% after Goldman Sachs (NYSE:GS) downgraded its stance on the craft supplies-focused e-commerce group to \u2018neutral\u2019 from \u2018buy\u2019, saying the current Wall Street estimates fully capture the company\u2019s growth potential.   Duke Energy    (NYSE:DUK) stock rose 0.4% after RBC Capital upgraded the power company to \u2018outperform\u2019 from \u2019sector perform\u2019, saying it is entering 2024 in a strong position.   Woodward    (NASDAQ:WWD) stock rose 3.1% after Goldman Sachs upgraded the aerospace manufacturer to \u2018buy\u2019 from \u2018sell\u2019, saying it is positioned favorably to benefit from the ramp-up in aerospace original equipment manufacturing.   Home Depot    (NYSE:HD) stock rose 1.7% after Wedbush upgraded the home improvement chain to \u2018outperform\u2019 from \u2018neutral\u2019, on expectations of strong demand in 2024.Meta Platforms (NASDAQ:META) stock climbed 3.6%, extending gains throughout the morning after shares hit a 52 week high. Earlier analysts at Mizhuho raised their price target on the stock to $470.Intuitive Surgical, (Nasdaq: NASDAQ:ISRG) shares climbed 6.5% after it said it expects fourth quarter 2023 revenue of approximately $1.93 billion, an increase of 17% compared with $1.66 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022. Consensus was expecting revenue of $1.87 billion.   Lennar    Corporation (NYSE:LEN) climbed 2.5% after the homebuilder raised its dividend and announced a buyback of $5 billion.Illinois Tool Works (NYSE:ITW) declined 1% after analysts at BofA downgraded the stock to \u2018underperform\u2019 from \u2018neutral\u2019, citing concerns about margins.",
-        "output": "U.S. indexes were slightly higher as investors awaited key inflation data, with Boeing rising 1.5% despite a recent drop, while Tesla and Coinbase declined due to lower EV stocks and a false Bitcoin ETF rumor. Intuitive Surgical surged 6.5% on strong revenue expectations, while Lennar gained 2.5% on a dividend hike and buyback.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Amber appears in the archaeological material of the Eastern Baltic region in the Middle Neolithic and continues in intensive use until the end of the Neolithic. Four major amber-working centres are known in the Eastern Baltic, the least studied of which is the settlement of Silinupe (4(th) mill. BC). Not yet widely applied in research on Stone Age amber technologies, but very promising, is an analytical approach combining experimental archaeology and traceology to study processing choices made in specific production stages (i. e., individual technological elements), revealing that fine-grained sandstone was favoured for surface grinding, while flint tools were most widely used for shaping and surface treatment, distinguishing three techniques, namely shaving, scraping and pressure flaking, each identifiable by characteristic features. The study suggests that amber and flint processing were largely intertwined, as pressure flaking along with indirect percussion (used for splitting amber) derive from flint processing, and in the case of pressure flaking, required specific know-how.",
+        "output": "An experimental approach to the study of amber processing in the Neolithic: technical analysis of the Silinupe amber assemblage, 4th mill. BC, Latvia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Analyzing urban pattern dynamics based on construction projects, we classify them into three types - infilling, fringe, and leapfrogging, and focus on the role of leapfrogging projects as seeds for new developments, leading to uncontrolled urban sprawl. To study the leapfrogging phenomenon, we investigate the sprawl of three Israeli cities - Netanya, Haifa, and Safed over 54 years from 1964 to 2018 and conduct a country-wide analysis of the urban sprawl of all 66 Israeli municipalities between 2013 and 2018. Our analysis is based on a country-wide GIS database of roads, buildings, other infrastructure elements, and development plans, as well as high-resolution aerial photos covering the investigated areas and periods. We uncover and characterize a positive feedback mechanism of rapid leapfrogging developments that attract further developments in their proximity and emphasize the potential of leapfrogging development to force divergence from statutory development plans.",
-        "output": "A project-based view of urban dynamics: Analyzing 'leapfrogging' and fringe development in Israel",
+        "input": "It is well established that wide field of view cameras, as well as using the whole photometric information contained in images, offer many advantages for visual servoing. Therefore, we propose to extend the photometric visual servoing to full spherical cameras. More precisely, we are dealing with 360-degree optical rigs composed of two wide-angle lenses oriented in opposite directions that capture everything around the device in one acquisition. The photometric visual feature coupled to dual-hemispherical acquisitions that contain the whole surrounding scene provide useful complementary information, showing large convergence domains, straighter camera trajectories than with a single hemispherical camera, and high accuracy. We report thorough simulations and several challenging real experiments using a 6 degrees-of-freedom robotic arm controlled from dual-hemispherical acquisitions.",
+        "output": "Dual-Hemispherical Photometric Visual Servoing",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PremiseWe studied the 3D morphology of a small, well-preserved cone from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerst & auml;tte to characterize its structure and determine its systematic affinity. Previously tentatively assigned to the enigmatic Tetraphyllostrobus, we show that it differs in key respects from that genus as described.MethodsWe systematically compared the new fossil with relevant Paleozoic cone genera and employed advanced imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Airyscan confocal super-resolution microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray microcomputed tomography to visualize and reconstruct the fossil cone in 3D.ResultsThe analyses demonstrate unequivocally that the sporophylls of the new Mazon Creek cone are arranged in whorls of six and have characters typical of Sphenophyllales, including epidermal cells with undulatory margins and in situ spores assignable to Columinisporites. The combination of characters, including sporophyll arrangement, anatomy, and spore type, supports the establishment of Hexaphyllostrobus kostorhysii gen. et sp. nov. within Sphenophyllales. Furthermore, we show that Tetraphyllostrobus, although originally described as possessing smooth monolete spores, actually possesses Columinisporites-type spores, indicating that it, too, was most likely a sphenophyll.ConclusionsThe recognition of Hexaphyllostrobus contributes to our knowledge of Pennsylvanian sphenophyll diversity, and in particular increases the number of species with in situ Columinisporites-type spores. Attribution of Hexaphyllostrobus to Sphenophyllales calls into question current interpretations of Tetraphyllostrobus suggesting that future research on better-preserved macrofossil material may demonstrate a sphenophyllalean relationship.",
-        "output": "Reconstruction of an enigmatic Pennsylvanian cone reveals a relationship to Sphenophyllales",
+        "input": "The corrosion inhibition effect, reinforcement effect and penetration effect of rusted bronze before and after the compounding of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) with B72 (Paraloid B72) were investigated using surface analysis and electrochemical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quantum chemical computing techniques were used to explore the mechanism of corrosion mitigation further. In addition, an electronic universal testing machine was used to test the ability of the material to reinforce different rust compositions before and after compounding. The dynamic potential polarization method was used to determine the composite scheme's optimal corrosion inhibition ratio and study the corrosion inhibition effect. The experimental results showed that the best corrosion inhibition effect was achieved at the ratio of MBI/B72 ratio 3:7, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was 97.84 % under these conditions. Most of the MBI molecules used by us presented prominent permeation adsorption behavior. They formed uneven films of Cu(I)-MBI and Cu(II)-MBI coordination compounds on the surface of the rust layer. Finally, B72 combines with MBI molecules through hydrogen bonding to form a compact and smooth film, which helps improve corrosion inhibition efficiency and plays a certain role in reinforcement. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "2-Mercaptob enzimidazole compounde d with the conventional sealer B72 for the protection of rusted bronze",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Since 2014, our Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey has played a pivotal role in supporting our campaigning and lobbying work, delivering insightful data, raising the profile of vets and their work through the media, driving legislative reform and shaping the profession.",
-        "output": "A decade of amplifying your voice.",
+        "input": "The research focuses on analyzing the production techniques and materials of a Roman paint-plastered ceiling from a Late Antique Roman villa near Negrar (Verona, Italy), recently uncovered. Stylistic features of the decoration, found in reworked collapse debris during the villa's excavation, date the ceiling to the original construction phase in the 4(th) century CE. The paper presents the protocol we adopted for recovering and analyzing the painted decoration of the villa, which was in-laboratory recomposed in its original layout after a meticulous and systematic retrieval of fragmented materials. Microsamples of mortar and pigment were then taken to fully reconstruct the execution technique and raw materials used in the paint-plastered ceiling, detailing the application of the tectorium and pigment preparation. Mortar samples were analyzed to define preparatory layer properties, using various analytical techniques including Transmitted-Light Polarized Optical Microscopy (TL-OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDS). Optical reflected-light microscopy detected guide incisions on the preparatory mortar, while Reflected-Light Optical Microscopy (RL-OM) revealed the microstratigraphy of pictorial micro-layers. Micro-samplings of painted decorations were conducted to define pigment palettes, determining their mineralogical composition through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis coupled with micro-Raman analyses for the determination of carbon-based compounds. The research aims to establish a comprehensive protocol for future endeavors, integrating archaeological reassembly with precise micro-analyses of pigments and mortars, deciphering the intricate layout of ancient, fragmented decorations. This study is the first of its kind in Northern Italy, overcoming challenges posed by fragmented and reworked artifacts in previous research, enabling detailed analytical studies like those conducted here. Moreover, this study of the paint-plastered ceiling of the Late Roman villa of Negrar aims to provide a new impulse for the knowledge of Late Antique painting techniques and materials, which were only marginally considered within Roman painting tradition so far.",
+        "output": "Production technique and multi-analytical characterization of a paint-plastered ceiling from the Late Antique villa of Negrar (Verona, Italy)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The pursuit of medical and dental education is challenging and can affect the overall quality of life of medical students. Assessing the quality of life of medical students is the first step in the preparation of efficient future health care professionals. This study used the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) to evaluate the quality of life of medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan.OBJECTIVES: The study objectives include: assessing the QoL of medical and dental students and their general health satisfaction and self-satisfaction.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 medical and dental students from different medical and dental schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess QOL, which included 26 items covering four domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. All scores for the domains ranged from 4 to 20. Scoring was done according to the WHOQOL-BREF procedure manual. The questionnaire was disseminated to medical students using Google Forms. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Cronbach's alpha and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test were used to evaluate the reliability and sampling adequacy of the data for factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for each variable and QoL domain, including frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. Domain scores were compared using a t-test and one-way ANOVA, with p-values less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.RESULTS: Among the 344 medical students, 56.7% (n=195) were female and 43.3% (n=149) were male. The WHOQOL-BREF demonstrated excellent reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.918. Most medical students rated their overall QOL (62.2%) and health satisfaction (46.8%) as good, and were able to get around well (71.3%). No significant sex differences were found across the various QOL domains. Marital status significantly affected QOL scores (p<0.005). Single students had significantly higher QOL scores than married/separated/divorced students did. Overall, the environmental domain had the highest mean score (26.81\u00b16.17), while social relationships had the lowest mean score (9.68\u00b12.93).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the QoL of medical and dental students. Most participants reported moderate satisfaction with their physical health and lower satisfaction with the psychological, social, and environmental components of QoL. Marital status was found to significantly impact the QoL as compared to single students with greater QoL. These findings can help form targeted interventions to enhance medical students' quality of life and prepare efficient future healthcare professionals.",
-        "output": "Exploring the Quality of Life (QOL) of medical students in Karachi, Pakistan.",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: In burn trauma, hands are often injured due to defensive action or proximity to the causative agent, leading to significant morbidity during a patients work and social rehabilitation process. In this context, the use of patient-reported outcome measures is a first step in measuring and improving these outcomes. The Burned Hand Outcome Tool (BHOT) is a specific questionnaire for adults with burned hands aimed at quantifying outcomes related to this trauma.OBJECTIVE: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the BHOT into Brazilian Portuguese.METHODS: Following established standards in the literature, the original English questionnaire was translated, back translated, and analyzed by a panel of experts in the field. Cultural adaptation of the translation was carried out with a sample of target patients. The questionnaire was validated concurrently with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire translated into Portuguese, at three time points (0h, 2h, 48h), with two different evaluators.RESULTS: The cultural adaptation was conducted on a sample of 30 adult patients with hand burns without the need for reassessment of the translated items. The questionnaire validation was carried out on a sample of 100 adult patients with hand burns. The Cronbach's Alpha found at the first time point was 0.936. The correlations between the questionnaires varied from 0.656 to 0.915.CONCLUSION: The Burned Hand Outcome Tool has been translated, culturally adapted, and validated for a target population in Brazilian Portuguese.",
+        "output": "Burnt hand outcomes tool: Translation, adaptation and validation into Brazilian Portuguese.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HOUSTON - Nauticus Robotics, Inc. (NASDAQ: KITT), a company specializing in autonomous subsea robotics, has recently completed a financial restructuring that saw the elimination of dilutive warrants and ratchet provisions from its original financing. The restructuring, completed before the end of 2023, also involved securing a new investment from current backers, with a second tranche of funding under discussion to support operations throughout the year.The company's strategic refocus includes the appointment of John W. Gibson, Jr. as interim CEO on January 4, 2024, and the introduction of new executives, Victoria Hay as interim CFO and Nicholas Bigney as General Counsel.Gibson, with over 35 years of experience in the energy and IT sectors, including a tenure as President of Halliburton (NYSE:HAL) Energy Services, emphasized the company's shift towards commercializing its intellectual property and providing valuable solutions to commercial and government customers. The executive team aims to transition from prototype development to delivering reliable solutions for the \"blue economy,\" particularly in subsea inspections and maintenance.Nauticus is set to begin offshore certification of its new Aquanaut Mk2 vehicle in early 2024, with plans to move into contracted operations at a deepwater field for a major oil and gas producer upon certification completion. The company also announced the engagement of Piper Sandler & Co. as its investment banking advisor to assist in financing efforts and explore strategic alternatives, including a potential merger with 3D at Depth.The information for this article is based on a press release statement from Nauticus Robotics.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Nauticus Robotics, an autonomous subsea robotics company, has completed a financial restructuring, eliminating dilutive warrants and ratchet provisions, and securing new investments. The company has appointed John W. Gibson, Jr. as interim CEO and introduced new executives, Victoria Hay as interim CFO and Nicholas Bigney as General Counsel, to focus on commercializing its intellectual property and providing solutions for the \"blue economy,\" particularly in subsea inspections and maintenance.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Purpose This study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers. Methods A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization. Outcome measures included validated measures of self-care agency (Self-Care Agency Scale), symptoms and interference by symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor-Turkish Form), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Burden Scale). Two-way analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements from general linear models compared to scale scores. Results Self-care agency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the first and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). The severity of the patients' emotional, focal neurologic, and cognitive symptoms and interference by symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Caregiver burden was significantly lower in the intervention group in the first, third, and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention increased patients' self-care and reduced symptoms and their effects. It also reduced the caregiver burden. Dependent care theory can guide the nursing practices of nurses who provide institutional and/or home care services to patients with chronic diseases and their caregivers. Trial Registration NCT05328739 on April 14, 2022 (retrospectively registered).",
+        "output": "Effects of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in patients with primary brain tumor and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Oppenheimer analysts upgraded Mastercard (NYSE:MA) stock from Perform to Outperform, setting a target of $510.The price target is representing approximately 21% potential upside. MA shares rose 0.9% in pre-market and are indicated to open at a fresh record high. While there are risks to the 2024/2025 consensus EPS estimates due to MA's expected downshift in run-rate EPS growth to the mid to high-teens, the current NTM P/E multiple is around 30x compared to its COVID high of ~44.5x, according to analysts. Despite the challenges, MA's pre-COVID growth algorithm remains intact, with service growth driving 48% of net revenue growth. Even in the face of depressed consumer spending, the company could achieve over 11% EPS growth, leveraging expense cuts, countering declining revenue, and increasing buybacks. \u201cSince its 2023 October low, MA has performed roughly in line with the S&P500 and we recommend buying quality to start 2024 vs. chasing high-flying Fintech stocks at current valuations. We're incrementally positive on payments after its years of underperformance,\u201d analysts said.",
-        "output": "Oppenheimer upgraded Mastercard to Outperform with a $510 target, citing its intact pre-COVID growth algorithm and potential for 11% EPS growth despite economic headwinds. The target represents a 21% upside from the current price.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Five clay poultices used in built heritage, stone, and wall painting conservation were examined for their potential to extract impurities from medieval lime-rich wall painting plaster. Since the most efficient extraction is achieved by capillary advection, this evaluation compared the pore size distribution of the clay poultices with that of medieval plaster. The pore size distribution was measured using the pressure plate method, a method with a long history of use in soil and building science. The present study demonstrates for the first time a successful application of this method in the evaluation of clay poultices for conservation. In addition, the retentive capacities of the five poultices were examined by measuring lateral migration and penetration depths as a function of time, using customised plaster samples and a blue dye to facilitate migration measurements. Of the five poultices, bentonite showed the least promising pore size range and was estimated to have little or no effect as a drying poultice for medieval wall painting plaster. The remaining four poultices showed promising results, although with various shortcomings that might influence the results of the intervention, as the best fit is dependent on the aim of the poulticing. For a cleaning poultice, where dirt is to be extracted solely from the surface of the plaster, attapulgite and PANGEL (R) S1500 seemed to be best suited due to their high retention. The pore size distribution and migration pattern of PANGEL (R) S9 and sepiolite indicated that they could be suitable as poultices for desalination.",
+        "output": "The Potential of Clay Poultices as Sorbents for Medieval Plaster: A Comparative Study Using the Pressure Plate Method and Dye",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Objective. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a sensitive tool for assessing breast cancer by analyzing tumor blood flow, but it requires gadolinium-based contrast agents, which carry risks such as brain retention and astrocyte migration. Contrast-free MRI is thus preferable for patients with renal impairment or who are pregnant. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of generating contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images and to evaluate the potential use of synthetic images in diagnosing breast cancer. Approach. This retrospective study included 322 women with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative DCE-MRI. A generative adversarial network (GAN) based postcontrast image synthesis (GANPIS) model with perceptual loss was proposed to generate contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images. The quality of the synthesized images was evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The diagnostic performance of the generated images was assessed using a convolutional neural network to predict Ki-67, luminal A and histological grade with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The patients were divided into training (n = 200), validation (n = 60), and testing sets (n = 62). Main results. Quantitative analysis revealed strong agreement between the generated and real postcontrast images in the test set, with PSNR and SSIM values of 36.210 +/- 2.670 and 0.988 +/- 0.006, respectively. The generated postcontrast images achieved AUCs of 0.918 +/- 0.018, 0.842 +/- 0.028 and 0.815 +/- 0.019 for predicting the Ki-67 expression level, histological grade, and luminal A subtype, respectively. These results showed a significant improvement compared to the use of precontrast images alone, which achieved AUCs of 0.764 +/- 0.031, 0.741 +/- 0.035, and 0.797 +/- 0.021, respectively. Significance. This study proposed a GAN-based MR image synthesis method for breast cancer that aims to generate postcontrast images from precontrast images, allowing the use of contrast-free images to simulate kinetic features for improved diagnosis.",
-        "output": "Generative adversarial network-based synthesis of contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images for predicting histological characteristics in breast cancer",
+        "input": "During the fire of Notre-Dame de Paris, all timber frames coming from the Middle ages period, in the nave and choir, were burnt. It was decided to proceed as possible to an identical reconstruction, but many questions arise about the timber frame. Is wood outdated as a material for beams? Is oak wood the best solution for timber frame? Are we able to find similar long slender oak beams in today French forest? Is it safe to use green wood for the building? In fact, the forested area in France is the same today as in the Middle ages period, but two times higher than during the 19th century. Results from the forest inventory proves that 40 million slender oak trees are available in order to sort around 1500 trees for the restoration. Cathedral heritage provided a demonstration of the high efficiency of carpenter's know-how. Most of oak beams kept their functionality for more than 800 years. This is a nice experimental result for a very long mechanical testing. Wood, emerged as material 300 million years ago as a result of long time evolution, is used to build trees, which are a collection of wooden beams able to resist flexure forces, for a long time. Technical know-how about timber frame is old in human societies and was improved during the Middle ages, but scientific knowledge about wood as an anisotropic material is very recent. The background in mechanics for such material has been developed in early 20th century and observation tools for material structures at the nanometre scale appeared in late 20th century. Wood can be considered as an archetypal high-tech material using polymer-with-additive technology combined to nanostructured fibrecomposite within a honeycomb-like micro-structured material. This explains why nature solution for tree beams is very efficient in terms of bending resistance per weight. The mechanical behaviour of wooden beams is highly sensitive to the orientation of the main direction of anisotropy (grain direction) relative to bending forces. Natural beams in trees are built by a kind of 3D printing process so that grain orientation at beam periphery is always optimum. Mechanical bending performance of these beams (round-wood), in spite of branching, is equivalent to the performance of standard clear-wood specimens documented in databases. Squaring at the minimum this round-wood should be done while keeping grain angle closest to zero-degree value, which is performed by specific axe-hewn log squaring. The result is coarse slightly curved beams much more resistant than nicely straight sawn beams with local grain angle above 10 degrees Using directly green wood in the building process is effective for time of building and energy consumption. The drying of wood induces long deep longitudinal cracks and a reduction in beam section but a bigger increase in wood mechanical performance. If the green frame resists, the dried one will resist all the following years. Finally, today carpenters have kept the building know-how and there are many modern nondestructive techniques available for the best sorting of trees and mechanical evaluation of beams. (c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Oak beams in medieval frameworks: Constraints and advantages for restoration",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PORTLAND, Ore. -   Columbia Sportswear   Company (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:COLM), a leader in outdoor and active lifestyle apparel, is scheduled to disclose its fourth quarter financial results for 2023 on Thursday, February 1, 2024, after the market closes at approximately 4:00 p.m. ET. Following the release, at 4:15 p.m. ET, the company's Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Jim Swanson, will provide a detailed commentary on the financial outcomes. This commentary will be available on the SEC's Form 8-K and on the company's investor relations website.Interested parties can access the call by dialing 888-506-0062 or by tuning into the live webcast on the Investor Relations section of Columbia Sportswear's website, where it will remain accessible until February 1, 2025.Columbia Sportswear, established in 1938 and headquartered in Portland, Oregon, is renowned for its innovation in apparel, footwear, accessories, and equipment for outdoor activities. The company's product portfolio is sold in roughly 90 countries worldwide and includes not only the Columbia\u00ae brand but also other owned brands such as Mountain Hardwear\u00ae, SOREL\u00ae, and prAna\u00ae.This announcement is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Columbia Sportswear Company (NASDAQ: COLM) will release its fourth quarter financial results for 2023 on February 1, 2024, after the market closes at approximately 4:00 p.m. ET, followed by a conference call at 4:15 p.m. ET.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001652.].",
+        "output": "Erratum: Exploring Communication about Fall Risk and Prevention between Internal Medicine Residents and Geriatric Patients: A Needs Assessment: Erratum.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In political philosophy, reflective equilibrium is a standard method used to systematically reconcile intuitive judgments with theoretical principles. In this paper, we propose that survey experiments and a model selection method-i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)-based model selection method-can be viewed together as a methodological means of satisfying the epistemic desiderata implicit in reflective equilibrium. To show this, we conduct a survey experiment on two theories of distributive justice, prioritarianism and sufficientarianism. Our experimental test case and AIC-based model selection method demonstrate that the refined sufficientarian principle, a widely accepted principle of distributive justice, is no more plausible than the prioritarian principle. This tells us that some changes of certain intuitions revolving around sufficientarianism should be examined (separately) based on the findings of the survey experiment and AIC model selection. This shows the potential of our approach-both practically and methodologically-as a novel way of applying reflective equilibrium in political philosophy.",
-        "output": "Reflective equilibrium in practice and model selection: a methodological proposal from a survey experiment on the theories of distributive justice",
+        "input": "Previous research has highlighted that decentralization is key to understanding the marketization of the Swedish welfare state, while local political factors are important to explaining the subnational differences in actual degrees of welfare service privatization. Other research has highlighted the impact of pragmatism rather than ideology in local government's decisions to outsource welfare services, including policy diffusion through geographical proximity to highly privatized municipalities. However, little research has been done on the role or type of political representation and whether this matters to the diffusion of welfare service privatization. Thus, there is little knowledge about whether local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences, the ideological position of the local government, or influences from neighboring municipalities. Drawing on the literature on political representation and policy diffusion, I test three hypotheses: that the local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences (sanction representation), that local governments are primarily responsive to their own ideological position (gyroscopic representation), or that local governments are primarily influenced by outsourcing in neighboring municipalities (contagion). Using a time-lagged correlational design with survey data covering both local politicians and ordinary municipal residents, as well as public accounts of municipal outsourcing, I find that public preferences play a negligible role to the privatization process. A minor part of the between-municipal variation in welfare service privatization can be attributed to the preferences of local politicians (gyroscopic representation), while a more substantial part is due to pressures from outsourcing among municipal neighbors (contagion).",
+        "output": "Why do local governments privatize? Political representation and contagion in the privatization of welfare services in Sweden",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India's currency, debt and equity markets will be closed on Tuesday, Sept. 19, for a public holiday.The markets will resume trading on Wednesday, Sept. 20.India's BSE Sensex fell 0.36 per cent to close at 67,596.8 points on Monday, ending a 11-session winning streak.The broader NSE index closed 0.29 per cent lower at 20,133.3 points as both the blue-chip indexes eased from record highs on caution ahead of the US Federal Reserve's interest rate decision.The Indian rupee fell to a fresh record closing low of 83.2675 against the US dollar, despite likely help from the Reserve Bank of India, as rising crude oil prices pushed up dollar demand.The 10-year benchmark 7.18 per cent 2033 bond yield ended 1 basis point lower at 7.1597 per cent after a sharp selloff in the previous session made debt investment attractive and on optimism over the inclusion of Indian bonds in global indices.",
-        "output": "Indian financial markets will be closed on September 19th for a public holiday, with the BSE Sensex and NSE index closing lower on Monday due to caution ahead of the US Federal Reserve's interest rate decision. The Indian rupee fell to a record low against the US dollar due to rising crude oil prices, while the 10-year benchmark bond yield ended slightly lower.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "With COVID-19, a significant number of companies have started to work remotely, and communication has started to occur mainly through technological tools. This study investigates the relationship between teleworkers' interpersonal communication and job satisfaction through the mediating role of information technology (IT) awareness and creative performance. Data were collected from 683 teleworkers and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and PROCESS Macro. The findings indicated that (1) teleworkers' interpersonal communication satisfaction is positively associated with job satisfaction, and (2) IT awareness and creative performance mediate the relationship between interpersonal communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. Finally, the study's theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. The results emphasize the role of interpersonal communication satisfaction on job satisfaction and show that both employees and companies should receive the necessary training for a sufficient level of employee IT knowledge.",
+        "output": "How has interpersonal communication satisfaction impacted teleworkers' job satisfaction? The role of information technology awareness and creative performance",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 U.S. equities were mixed at the close on Friday, as gains in the Telecoms, Oil & Gas and Utilities sectors propelled shares higher while losses in the Consumer Goods, Consumer Services and Healthcare sectors led shares lower.At the close in NYSE, the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 0.31%, while the S&P 500 index added 0.08%, and the NASDAQ Composite index climbed 0.02%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Dow Jones Industrial Average were International Business Machines (NYSE:IBM), which rose 2.24% or 3.64 points to trade at 165.80 at the close.  Verizon Communications  Inc (NYSE:VZ) added 1.74% or 0.66 points to end at 38.56 and  Chevron  Corp (NYSE:CVX) was up 1.37% or 1.99 points to 147.27 in late trade.Biggest losers included UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (NYSE:UNH), which lost 3.37% or 18.17 points to trade at 521.51 in late trade. Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc (NASDAQ:WBA) declined 3.16% or 0.76 points to end at 23.27 and  Boeing Co  (NYSE:BA) shed 2.23% or 4.96 points to 217.70.The top performers on the S&P 500 were Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp Class A (NASDAQ:CTSH) which rose 4.13% to 77.97, Bank of New York Mellon (NYSE:BK) which was up 4.02% to settle at 54.85 and  Northrop Grumman  Corporation (NYSE:NOC) which gained 2.94% to close at 481.08.The worst performers were United Airlines Holdings Inc (NASDAQ:UAL) which was down 10.63% to 39.78 in late trade,  American Airlines Group  (NASDAQ:AAL) which lost 9.46% to settle at 13.21 and Delta Air Lines Inc (NYSE:DAL) which was down 8.97% to 38.47 at the close.The top performers on the NASDAQ Composite were Charge Enterprises Inc (NASDAQ:CRGE) which rose 179.56% to 0.23,  Applied UV  Inc (NASDAQ:AUVI) which was up 67.11% to settle at 3.81 and  Atreca Inc  (NASDAQ:BCEL) which gained 52.63% to close at 0.36.The worst performers were  Sealsq  Corp (NASDAQ:LAES) which was down 28.71% to 2.26 in late trade, Nukkleus Inc (NASDAQ:NUKK) which lost 27.10% to settle at 1.56 and Minim Inc (NASDAQ:MINM) which was down 27.03% to 2.97 at the close.Advancing stocks outnumbered falling ones by 1531 to 1322 and 74 ended unchanged; on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange, 1857 fell and 1558 advanced, while 132 ended unchanged on the New York Stock Exchange. The CBOE Volatility Index, which measures the implied volatility of S&P 500 options, was up 2.09% to 12.70.In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was up 1.65% or 33.30 to $2,052.50 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in February rose 1.03% or 0.74 to hit $72.76 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract rose 1.21% or 0.94 to trade at $78.35 a barrel.EUR/USD was unchanged 0.19% to 1.09, while USD/JPY fell 0.25% to 144.91.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.16% at 102.19.",
-        "output": "U.S. equities closed mixed on Friday, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average losing 0.31%, the S&P 500 index adding 0.08%, and the NASDAQ Composite index climbing 0.02%. The biggest gainers were International Business Machines (IBM), Verizon Communications Inc (VZ), and Chevron Corp (CVX), while the biggest losers were UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (UNH), Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc (WBA), and Boeing Co (BA).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study explores the impact of green marketing tools (green advertising and eco-labelling) and green motives on green purchase intention, subsequently enhancing green satisfaction and WOM, with brand experience as a moderator. Data from 391 participants in China and 337 in India were analyzed. Findings reveal (a) green marketing tools positively affect green brand image and trust, (b) green brand image and trust mediate the relationship between green marketing tools, motives, and green purchase intention, (c) green purchase intention brings greater satisfaction and WOM, and (d) brand experience moderates the relationship between green brand image, trust, and green purchase intention.",
+        "output": "Exploring the roles of green marketing tools and green motives on green purchase intention in sustainable tourism destinations: a cross-cultural study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
-        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
+        "input": "For meaningful technology-enhanced teaching, teachers need to systematically integrate the basic components of content, pedagogical and technological knowledge. To motivationally foster knowledge integration, we tested the effectiveness of a utility-value intervention in two experiments (laboratory: N = 43, online: N = 115) within German pre-service teacher education. Teachers randomly either received the utility-intervention or not. Afterwards all teachers were asked to learn essential aspects on teaching mathematics with technologies using an online learning environment. We did not find an effect on learning and motivation. Epistemic network analyses revealed that the intervention group realized more integration processes than the control group.",
+        "output": "Enhancing pre-service teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): Utility-value interventions support knowledge integration",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The archaeological site of Calicantone (Sicily, Italy) is known since the 1970s for its necropolis. In 2012, after a survey, archaeologists found close to the necropolis a bi-apsidal hut. The use-wear and technological analysis of the knapped lithic assemblage revealed the presence of artefacts crafted by specialists with advanced technical skills alongside expedient flake tool production. Some technological solutions, such as an obliquely-hafted long pressure-lever blade used as a sickle, are unprecedented for Sicily but find earlier comparisons in the east and north-west Mediterranean. This fact raises questions about the neolithisation in Sicily. Other solutions are novel and shed new light on the function of a particular tool typology, such as the bifacial cleaver used to scrape hides. Furthermore, the lithic assemblage exhibited peculiarities, such as the single functionality of the tools and their brief use, which could be correlated with communal funerary functions performed within the hut.",
-        "output": "Use-wear and Technological Analysis of the Knapped Lithic Assemblage from the Early Bronze Age Hut of Calicantone (Sicily, Italy)",
+        "input": "Obstetric violence is an urgent global problem. Recently, several studies have appeared on obstetric violence in the Netherlands, indicating that it is a more widespread phenomenon in Dutch maternity care than commonly thought. At the same time, there has been very little public outrage over these studies. The objective of this qualitative research is to gain insight into the working and normalization of obstetric violence by focusing on the moral and epistemic injustices that both facilitate obstetric violence and make it look acceptable. Following the study design of Responsive Evaluation, interviews, homogenous, and heterogenous focus groups were done in three phases, with thirty-one participants, consisting of ten mothers, eleven midwives, five doulas and five midwives in training. All participants were already critically engaged with the topic, which was a selection criterion to be able to bring the existing depth of knowledge on this topic of people in the field to the fore. Data was analyzed through Thematic Analysis. We elaborate on two groups of results. First, we discuss the forms of obstetric violence most commonly mentioned by the participants, which were vaginal examinations, episiotomies, and pelvic floor support. Second, we demonstrate two major themes that concern practices related to moral and epistemic injustice: 1) 'Playing the dead baby card', with the sub-themes 'shroud waving', 'hidden agenda', and 'normalizing obstetric violence'; and 2) 'Troubling consent', with sub-themes 'not being asked for consent', 'saying yes', 'saying no', and 'giving up resistance'. While epistemic injustice has been analyzed in relation to obstetric violence, moral injustice has not yet been conceptualized as a fundamental part of both the practice and the justification of obstetric violence. This research hence contributes not only to the better understanding of obstetric violence in the Netherlands, but also to a further theorization of this specific form of gender-based violence.",
+        "output": "Shroud waving self-determination: A qualitative analysis of the moral and epistemic dimensions of obstetric violence in the Netherlands",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Interactions with the Roman Empire presumably enhanced social differentiation and caused the emergence of an elite class among Gothic communities in present-day northern Poland (Pomerania) in the first centuries AD. Arguably, the process is documented archaeologically by the presence of exceptional burials, richly furnished with imported artefacts. Such features were discovered at the Wielbark culture cemetery in Czarnowko, however, due to poor preservation neither their infills nor the interred human remains have previously been fully examined. We studied (by means of osteological, Sr isotope, anthracological and soil analyses) a newly-found, well-preserved cremation grave in order to assess (1) the biological profile, geographical origin and mobility of the buried individual, (2) details of the multi-stage funerary practice, and (3) the formation of the grave-pit infill. Most probably, the grave belonged to a senilis woman who was born and spent her final years in Pomerania, seemingly living in good health. Except for outstanding grave goods, her funeral reassembled other Wielbark culture cremation interments: the body was burned shortly after death on a birch-wood pyre, together with single artefacts, at high temperatures, with good oxygen supply, until the calcination of bones. The burned remains were separated from the pyre debris and randomly deposited in the urn. The vessel was placed at the bottom of a pit and covered with sand containing charcoals. Subsequently, the grave was re-opened and backfilled once again. This singular cremation burial reflects the idea of eliteness in the local Gothic community - Roman-influenced but rooted in Wielbark culture traditions. However, to address the issue of social stratification comprehensively, similar research focused on graves of common people is required.",
-        "output": "Being elite among Goths: multi-proxy analysis of a Roman period cremation princely grave from Czarn\u00f3wko (Pomerania, North Poland)",
+        "input": "In this visual essay, Mazen Kerbaj and Jana Traboulsi bear witness to the genocidal violence that has been unfolding in Gaza since 7 October 2023. From Berlin and Lebanon, respectively, Kerbaj and Traboulsi have been chronicling and responding to the harrowing day-to-day news and testimonies from Gaza. Their drawings raise fundamental questions about what it is to bear witness to genocide as it unfolds, about the politics of seeing as an act of solidarity against imposed invisibility and about racialized sight - the eye that refuses to see what is hiding in plain sight.",
+        "output": "Gaza in plain sight: witnessing in solidarity",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern urological surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery: External shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral resection of prostate, cystoscope, perioperative prostate-specific antigen and robotic surgery. The selection of innovations for inclusion in this article was meticulously determined through expert consensus and an extensive literature review. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of urological surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice.",
-        "output": "Five historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery.",
+        "input": "Analyzing urban pattern dynamics based on construction projects, we classify them into three types - infilling, fringe, and leapfrogging, and focus on the role of leapfrogging projects as seeds for new developments, leading to uncontrolled urban sprawl. To study the leapfrogging phenomenon, we investigate the sprawl of three Israeli cities - Netanya, Haifa, and Safed over 54 years from 1964 to 2018 and conduct a country-wide analysis of the urban sprawl of all 66 Israeli municipalities between 2013 and 2018. Our analysis is based on a country-wide GIS database of roads, buildings, other infrastructure elements, and development plans, as well as high-resolution aerial photos covering the investigated areas and periods. We uncover and characterize a positive feedback mechanism of rapid leapfrogging developments that attract further developments in their proximity and emphasize the potential of leapfrogging development to force divergence from statutory development plans.",
+        "output": "A project-based view of urban dynamics: Analyzing 'leapfrogging' and fringe development in Israel",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance Arterial hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and periodic breathing increase the vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia at altitude. Objective To explore the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in healthy individuals at high altitudes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study involved healthy individuals at altitude (8849 m) on Mount Everest, Nepal. Recruitment occurred from January 25 to May 9, 2023, and data analysis took place from June to July 2023. Exposure All study participants underwent 12-lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, and exercise stress testing before and ambulatory rhythm recording both before and during the expedition. Main Outcome The incidence of a composite of supraventricular (>30 seconds) and ventricular (>3 beats) tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia (sinoatrial arrest, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block). Results Of the 41 individuals recruited, 100% were male, and the mean (SD) age was 33.6 (8.9) years. On baseline investigations, there were no signs of exertional ischemia, wall motion abnormality, or cardiac arrhythmia in any of the participants. Among 34 individuals reaching basecamp at 5300 m, 32 participants climbed to 7900 m or higher, and 14 reached the summit of Mount Everest. A total of 45 primary end point-relevant events were recorded in 13 individuals (38.2%). Forty-three bradyarrhythmic events were documented in 13 individuals (38.2%) and 2 ventricular tachycardias in 2 individuals (5.9%). Nine arrhythmias (20%) in 5 participants occurred when climbers were using supplemental bottled oxygen, whereas 36 events (80%) in 11 participants occurred at lower altitudes when no supplemental bottled oxygen was used. The proportion of individuals with arrhythmia remained stable across levels of increasing altitude, while event rates per 24 hours numerically increased between 5300 m (0.16 per 24 hours) and 7300 m (0.37 per 24 hours) before decreasing again at higher altitudes, where supplemental oxygen was used. None of the study participants reported dizziness or syncope. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, more than 1 in 3 healthy individuals experienced cardiac arrhythmia during the climb of Mount Everest, thereby confirming the association between exposure to high altitude and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Future studies should explore the potential implications of these rhythm disturbances.",
-        "output": "Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Climbers on Mount Everest",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Motion tracking technologies serve as crucial links between physical activities and health care insights, facilitating data acquisition essential for analyzing and intervening in physical activity. Yet, systematic methodologies for evaluating motion tracking data, especially concerning user activity recognition in health care applications, remain underreported.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically review motion tracking in daily living and physical activities, emphasizing the critical interaction among devices, users, and environments from a design perspective, and to analyze the process involved in health care application research. It intends to delineate the design and application intricacies in health care contexts, focusing on enhancing motion tracking data's accuracy and applicability for health monitoring and intervention strategies.METHODS: Using a systematic review, this research scrutinized motion tracking data and their application in health care and wellness, examining studies from Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed databases. The review used actor network theory and data-enabled design to understand the complex interplay between humans, devices, and environments within these applications.RESULTS: Out of 1501 initially identified studies, 54 (3.66%) were included for in-depth analysis. These articles predominantly used accelerometer and gyroscope sensors (n=43, 80%) to monitor and analyze motion, demonstrating a strong preference for these technologies in capturing both dynamic and static activities. While incorporating portable devices (n=11, 20%) and multisensor configurations (n=16, 30%), the application of sensors across the body (n=15, 28%) and within physical spaces (n=17, 31%) highlights the diverse applications of motion tracking technologies in health care research. This diversity reflects the application's alignment with activity types ranging from daily movements to specialized scenarios. The results also reveal a diverse participant pool, including the general public, athletes, and specialized groups, with a focus on healthy individuals (n=31, 57%) and athletes (n=14, 26%). Despite this extensive application range, the focus primarily on laboratory-based studies (n=39, 72%) aimed at professional uses, such as precise activity identification and joint functionality assessment, emphasizes a significant challenge in translating findings from controlled environments to the dynamic conditions of everyday physical activities.CONCLUSIONS: This study's comprehensive investigation of motion tracking technology in health care research reveals a significant gap between the methods used for data collection and their practical application in real-world scenarios. It proposes an innovative approach that includes designers in the research process, emphasizing the importance of incorporating data-enabled design framework. This ensures that motion data collection is aligned with the dynamic and varied nature of daily living and physical activities. Such integration is crucial for developing health applications that are accessible, intuitive, and tailored to meet diverse user needs. By leveraging a multidisciplinary approach that combines design, engineering, and health sciences, the research opens new pathways for enhancing the usability and effectiveness of health technologies.",
+        "output": "Motion Tracking of Daily Living and Physical Activities in Health Care: Systematic Review From Designers' Perspective.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Present analysis of the federal and state regulations that guide The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) operations and core clinical features for direction on behavioral health (BH).DESIGN: Review and synthesize the federal (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS]) and all publicly available state manuals according to the BH-Serious Illness Care (SIC) model domains.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The 155 PACE organizations operating in 32 states and the District of Columbia.METHODS: A multipronged search was conducted to identify official state and federal manuals guiding the implementation and functions of PACE organizations. The CMS PACE website was used to identify the federal PACE manual. State-level manuals for 32 states with PACE programs were identified through several sources, including official PACE websites, contacts through official websites, the National PACE Association (NPA), and public and academic search engines. The manuals were searched according to the BH-SIC model domains that pertain to integrating BH care with complex care individuals.RESULTS: According to the CMS Manual, the interdisciplinary team is responsible for holistic care of PACE enrollees, but a BH specialist is not a required member. The CMS Manual includes information on BH clinical functions, BH workforce, and structures for outcome measurement, quality, and accountability. Eight of 32 PACE-participating states offer publicly available state PACE manuals; of which 3 offer information on BH clinical functions.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Regarding BH, federal and state manual regulations establish limited guidance for comprehensive care service delivery at PACE organizations. The absence of clear directives weakens BH care delivery due to a limiting the ability to develop quality measures and accountability structures. This hinders incentivization and accountability to truly all-inclusive care. Clearer guidelines and regulatory parameters regarding BH care at federal and state levels may enable more PACE organizations to meet rising BH demands of aging communities.",
-        "output": "Providing Behavioral Health Care in PACE - A Review of Federal and State Manual Regulations.",
+        "input": "Practical approaches to the notions of subsets and extension sets are compared, coming from broadly set-theoretic and category-theoretic traditions of mathematics. I argue that the set-theoretic approach is the most practical for 'looking down' or 'in' at subsets and the category-theoretic approach is the most practical for 'looking up' or 'out' at extensions, and suggest some guiding principles for using these approaches without recourse to either category theory or axiomatic set theory.",
+        "output": "Up with Categories, Down with Sets; Out with Categories, In with Sets!",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LAS VEGAS - The latest advancements in AI-driven automotive technologies were at the forefront during CES 2024, as major tech companies like Intel (NASDAQ:INTC), Qualcomm (NASDAQ:QCOM), Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL), and others showcased their innovative contributions to the industry. Intel has made a strategic move into next-gen EV battery technology by acquiring Silicon Mobility SAS. The tech giant is also developing a new series of chips aimed at enhancing in-car experiences, such as voice commands and navigation systems, marking a significant step towards more interactive and intelligent vehicles.Qualcomm, not to be outdone, unveiled updates to its Digital Chassis platform. In collaboration with  Bosch  (NS:BOSH), Qualcomm introduced a central vehicle computer powered by the Snapdragon Ride Flex (NASDAQ:FLEX) SoC chip, which is expected to push the boundaries of automotive computing power.Among the other notable announcements, Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA)'s Drive Orin chip is currently being utilized by industry leaders Mercedes Benz (ETR:MBGn) and Volvo (OTC:VLVLY)'s Polestar (NASDAQ:PSNY). The company also announced plans for its more advanced Drive Thor chip, designed for autonomous driving, signaling a future where cars may increasingly drive themselves.Mercedes Benz revealed its MB.OS, complete with an MBUX chatbot, designed to provide an interactive user interface. BMW (ETR:BMWG) announced its upcoming Operating System 9, which will be based on Android Automotive OS and will incorporate Amazon\u2019s Alexa Custom Assistant, allowing for gameplay during EV charging sessions.In a move to integrate automotive and smart home technology, Samsung (KS:005930) has partnered with Hyundai (OTC:HYMTF) and Kia to incorporate the SmartThings IoT platform. This collaboration aims to enable drivers to control smart home devices directly from their vehicles.Volkswagen (ETR:VOWG_p) is also making waves by partnering with Cerence (NASDAQ:CRNC) Inc. to introduce OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT technology into their vehicles starting in Q2 2024, promising a new level of smart vehicle interaction.Google is advancing its suite of automotive software with updates to Android Auto and is currently beta testing an in-car Chrome browser for vehicles with Google built-in capabilities.These developments underscore a significant push within the automotive industry towards vehicles that are not only more connected but also equipped with intelligent features that promise to redefine the driving experience.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "At CES 2024, tech giants showcased advancements in AI-driven automotive technologies, including Intel's acquisition of Silicon Mobility SAS for EV battery technology and Qualcomm's updates to its Digital Chassis platform with Bosch. Mercedes Benz, Volvo, and BMW announced new operating systems with advanced features like chatbots and Amazon's Alexa integration.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The starch grains present in the dental calculus of four Neolithic individuals of the Dehesilla Cave (Cadiz, South of Spain) were extracted and observed with light microscopy. The variant of the extraction technique used proved to be very effective. A number of Poaceae-Triticeae taxa [wheat (Triticum sp., the main crop, including Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum sp.)], Fabaceae-Fabeae-Cicereae and Fagaceae (oaks = Quercus sp., which constitute new data for the area in question) were identified. Some pollen grains and fungal spores were also identified, which helped to provide information on the ecological framework of the crops associated with the archaeological site.",
+        "output": "Identification of Neolithic diet by the morphology of the starch grains of dental calculus found in the Dehesilla Cave (Cadiz - South of the Iberian Peninsula)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "L3Harris Technologies (NYSE:LHX) was raised to Overweight from Neutral with a $240 per share price target by JPMorgan on Thursday.Analysts told investors that the bank views the company as the defense product stock with the most upside potential. \"We see a relatively attractive valuation, cash flow that should be inflecting higher, and an increased focus on shareholder value,\" analysts wrote in a note to clients.\"LHX has faced some execution challenges in recent years, but we think it is better positioned going forward, with a margin rate set to stabilize and free cash flow set to inflect,\" they added.Focusing on geopolitics, JPMorgan expects Congress to pass a budget in the next few months. While they believe Ukraine support may be tougher, ultimately, they expect some funding.",
-        "output": "JPMorgan upgraded L3Harris Technologies (LHX) to Overweight, citing its attractive valuation, improving cash flow, and increased focus on shareholder value. The analysts believe LHX is well-positioned for growth due to stabilizing margins and inflecting free cash flow, and expect Congress to pass a budget in the coming months, providing funding for defense spending.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Empathy is described as one's ability to perceive and apprehend another person's feelings, situation, emotions, and problems as their own. Empathetic behavior increases patients' satisfaction, reduces discomfort, and helps with patient's satisfaction.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Empathy Scale and compare the measure of invariance within genders and amongst the public and private sector dental students.METHOD: This cross-sectional study utilized JSE-HPS version for research purpose. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to detect underlying factors. Reliability of the study tool was evaluated using Cronbach alpha test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in scores between genders and among public and private university students while Student's t analysis compared the scores according to different domains. The level of significance was \u22640.05.RESULTS: Females demonstrated higher empathy levels (88.52\u00b114.19) along with private institute students (88.46\u00b113.98). Perspective taking and compassionate care domain was also scored highest by the females (31.73\u00b16.49 & 29.31\u00b16.22) and among second year students (33.30\u00b17.11 & 30.50\u00b17.16). PCA analysis extracted 4 factors namely (i) Health-care-provider's sense of humor contributed to improved outcome (ii) Health-care provider's understanding of patients' feelings and of their families influences treatment outcomes (iii) Understanding body language is as important as verbal communication and (iv) Patients feel better when their feelings are understood, which accounted for the 59.51% of the total variance.CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that students from private institute and females demonstrated higher empathy score. Moreover, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) was found to be a reliable and validated tool for assessment of empathy in our sample population.",
+        "output": "Evaluating empathy level amongst the dental students using jefferson scale of physician empathy- health professional students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper applies philosophical tools from the causalists/statisticalists debate to the evo-devo idea of variational tendencies as propensities biasing phenotypic change. It contends that variational properties are present in a statistical sense in some population dynamics models, particularly quantitative genetics ones, providing ultimate variational explanations. It further argues that these properties, contrary to some recent views, cannot be subsumed under natural selection. Finally, it advocates for a causalist interpretation of these explanations, where variational statistical properties indirectly refer to evo-devo's variational propensities.",
-        "output": "Variational propensities: development and ultimate causes",
+        "input": "According to the causal-historical theory of reference, natural kind terms refer in virtue of complicated causal relations the speakers have to their environment. A common objection to the theory is that purely causal relations are insufficient to fix reference in a determinate fashion. The so-called hybrid view holds that what is also needed for successful fixing are true descriptions associated in the mind of the speaker with the referent. The main claim of this paper is that the objection fails: reference fixing of natural kind terms can be purely causal. The main argument draws inspiration from recent theoretical advances made in metaphysics of kinds by Marion Godman, Antonella Mallozzi, and David Papineau. The main claim is that their notion of super-explanatory properties may explain how reference of many kind terms can be fixed purely causally.",
+        "output": "Defending the pure causal-historical theory of reference fixing for natural kind terms",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SANTA MONICA, Calif. - GoodRx Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: GDRX), a leading platform for prescription savings, has announced preliminary unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter and the full year ended December 31, 2023, which are expected to surpass the company's previous guidance.The company anticipates fourth-quarter revenue and Adjusted Revenue to be between $195 million and $197 million, marking a year-over-year increase of approximately 6% to 7%. For the full year, revenue is projected to be in the range of $749 million to $751 million, while Adjusted Revenue is expected to be slightly higher, between $759 million and $761 million. This represents a slight decrease from the previous year, with full-year revenue down about 2% and Adjusted Revenue down about 1%.Adjusted EBITDA Margin for both the fourth quarter and the full year is predicted to be at the upper end of the guidance range provided on November 9, 2023. The improved performance in the fourth quarter, particularly regarding Adjusted EBITDA Margin, is primarily attributed to organic growth in Prescription Transactions Revenue. This growth has been driven by factors such as increased seasonal respiratory illnesses, mild weather conditions, and favorable aspects of certain client contracts.GoodRx has noted that these preliminary results have not been audited or reviewed by their independent accounting firm and may be subject to change upon completion of their financial closing procedures. The final financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2023 are scheduled to be reported on or about February 29, 2024.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "GoodRx Holdings, Inc. (GDRX) reported preliminary unaudited financial results for Q4 and FY2023, surpassing previous guidance. Q4 revenue is expected to be between $195 million and $197 million, a 6-7% increase year-over-year, while full-year revenue is projected to be in the range of $749 million to $751 million, a slight decrease of about 2%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) on short-term mortality in patients with urosepsis.METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 207 patients with urosepsis. AKI was diagnosed in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed severe AKI (severe AKI group) and patients who did not (control group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30days. The secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. The exploratory outcomes were the risk factors for severe AKI development.RESULTS: The median patient age was 79years. Of the 207 patients, 56 (27%) developed severe AKI. The 30-day mortality rate in the severe AKI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20% vs. 2.0%, respectively; P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, performance status and severe AKI were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality and 90-day mortality rates in the severe AKI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age, urolithiasis-related sepsis, lactate values, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were significantly associated with severe AKI development.CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was a common complication in patients with urosepsis and contributed to high short-term mortality rates.",
+        "output": "Impact of severe acute kidney injury on short-term mortality in urosepsis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stock markets will be largely driven by global trends in the absence of any major domestic triggers this week, say analysts.The trading activity of foreign investors, global crude oil prices and rupee-dollar movement will also influence market movement, they said.\"Anticipating a period of consolidation in the absence of clear global cues, the market's trajectory will likely hinge on the movement of the US bond yields, the dollar index, and crude oil prices, as well as institutional flows.\"The market's stability may be influenced until the conclusion of state elections, at which point a discernible trend might materialize,\" said Santosh Meena, Head of Research, Swastika Investmart Ltd.Foreign portfolio investors have largely been sellers in Indian markets since August. During August, September October and November till 15th FPIs cumulatively sold stocks for Rs 83,422 crores through the exchanges, according to V K Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services.During this period DIIs alone bought stocks worth Rs 77,995 crores.FPI selling is completely neutralised by DII and individual investor buying. This is the reason why Nifty is around 19700, the same level which it was in early August, he added.\"The market will focus on global and domestic macroeconomic data, US bond yields, crude oil inventories, FII (Foreign Institutional Investors), DII (Domestic Institutional Investors) investment trend, movement of the rupee against the dollar,\" Arvinder Singh Nanda, Senior Vice President, Master Capital Services Ltd, said.Markets will take further cues from US existing home sales, initial jobless claims, US manufacturing and services PMI, FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) meeting minutes, UK manufacturing and services PMI, Nanda added.Softer-than-expected US inflation data and easing bond yields have bought optimism in equities.Last week, the BSE benchmark jumped 890.05 points or 1.37 per cent, while the Nifty climbed 306.45 points or 1.57 per cent.Ajit Mishra, SVP - Technical Research, Religare Broking Ltd, said, \"Global cues are largely dictating the trend and we expect this trend to continue in the coming week as well.\"All key sectors, barring banking, participated in the move and posted strong gains wherein IT, realty and auto were the top gainers.The broader indices maintained their buoyancy and the midcap index also reclaimed its record high after two months.",
-        "output": "In the absence of domestic triggers, global trends, foreign investor activity, crude oil prices, and rupee-dollar movement will drive stock markets this week. FPIs have sold stocks worth Rs 83,422 crores since August, while DIIs have bought stocks worth Rs 77,995 crores during the same period.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: A significant percentage of patients with congenital heart disease surviving into adulthood will develop arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are associated with an increased risk of adverse events and death. We aimed to assess arrhythmia prevalence, risk factors, and associated health care usage in a large national cohort of patients with adult congenital heart disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults with a documented diagnosis of congenital heart disease, insured by Clalit and Maccabi health services between January 2007 and December 2011, were included. We assessed the associations between arrhythmia and subsequent hospitalization rates and death with mixed negative binomial and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Among 11653 patients with adult congenital heart disease (median age, 47years [interquartile range, 31-62]), 8.7% had a tachyarrhythmia at baseline, 1.5% had a conduction disturbance, and 0.5% had both. Among those without a baseline arrhythmia, 9.2% developed tachyarrhythmias, 0.9% developed a conduction disturbance, and 0.3% developed both during the study period. Compared with no arrhythmia (reference group), arrhythmia in the previous 6months was associated with a higher multivariable adjusted hospitalization rate, 1.33-fold higher than the rate of the reference group (95% CI, 1.00-1.76) for ventricular arrhythmia, 1.27-fold higher (95% CI, 1.17-1.38) for atrial arrhythmias, and 1.33-fold higher (95% CI, 1.04-1.71) for atrioventricular block. Atrial tachyarrhythmias were associated with an adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.44-2.94), and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with a >2-fold increase in mortality risk (HR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.44-2.94]).CONCLUSIONS: Arrhythmias are significant comorbidities in the adult congenital heart disease population and have a significant impact on health care usage and survival.",
+        "output": "Arrhythmia Burden Among Adult PatientsWith Congenital Heart Disease: APopulation-Based Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK \u2013 CoinShares International Limited has announced its intention to acquire Valkyrie Funds LLC, just a day after Valkyrie's Bitcoin ETFs, including the Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund (BRRR), commenced trading on Nasdaq. This strategic move follows the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) approval of Valkyrie's exchange-traded funds (ETFs).The acquisition aims to bolster CoinShares' assets under management by incorporating funds such as BRRR and The Valkyrie Bitcoin Miners ETF (WGMI). However, the finalization of the deal is subject to the completion of due diligence, the execution of definitive legal agreements, and board consent.During the transition period, Valkyrie Funds will continue to operate independently. If the deal proceeds as planned, it is expected to create a stronger foothold for CoinShares in the digital asset management space.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "CoinShares International Limited intends to acquire Valkyrie Funds LLC, incorporating funds like BRRR and WGMI to bolster its assets under management, subject to due diligence and board consent.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The origins and dispersal of the chicken across the ancient world remains one of the most enigmatic questions regarding Eurasian domesticated animals. The lack of agreement concerning timing and centers of origin is due to issues with morphological identifications, a lack of direct dating, and poor preservation of thin, brittle bird bones. Here we show that chickens were widely raised across southern Central Asia from the fourth century BC through medieval periods, likely dispersing along the ancient Silk Road. We present archaeological and molecular evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production, based on material from 12 different archaeological sites spanning a millennium and a half. These eggshells were recovered in high abundance at all of these sites, suggesting that chickens may have been an important part of the overall diet and that chickens may have lost seasonal egg-laying.",
+        "output": "Archaeological and molecular evidence for ancient chickens in Central Asia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Markets watchdog Sebi on Saturday approved providing flexibility to Not for Profit Organisations (NPOs) in raising funds through the social stock exchange and also decided to introduce a regulatory framework for index providers.These were among the decisions taken by the board of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) during its meeting held here.In a release, the regulator said flexibility will be provided for fundraising by NPOs through the social stock exchange.In this regard, the minimum issue size in case of public issuance of Zero Coupon Zero Principal Instruments (ZCZP) for NPOs on the social stock exchange will be reduced to Rs 50 lakh from Rs 1 crore.Among other decisions, a regulatory framework will be introduced for the index providers to foster transparency and accountability in governance and administration of financial benchmarks in the securities market.Sebi also said it will regulate online platforms offering fractional ownership of real estate assets, and such platforms will be registered under the framework for small and medium reits.In a press statement issued after its quarterly board meeting, Sebi also said that all fresh investments by alternate investment funds would be held in demat form starting Sept. 2024.Sebi chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch said after the board meeting that investors are losing money in equity derivatives trading, which, she said, was a worry and it was the regulator's duty to warn.But, on a systematic level, Buch said, \"we do not see a concern due to increased activity in equity derivatives trading\".The regulator also approved rules for index providers, and will identify significant indices that are frequently used by market participants in India, which will come under Sebi rules.",
-        "output": "Sebi has approved flexibility for NPOs to raise funds through social stock exchanges by reducing the minimum issue size for ZCZP from Rs 1 crore to Rs 50 lakh. Additionally, a regulatory framework will be introduced for index providers to ensure transparency and accountability in financial benchmarks.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study presents a new solution algorithm to calculate the bearing capacity coefficient N-gamma for a fully rough strip footing located on an infinite slope considering different soil friction angles phi and ground slopes beta degrees using the stress characteristics method. The results showed that N-gamma coefficients decreased with an increase in slope inclination, and roughness contribution prevented further reduction, particularly for higher phi values. The higher contribution of the upside-sloping ground for footing laid on the infinite slope led to a lower reduction of the N-gamma coefficients compared with the footing placed at the slope vicinity in terms of a larger area affected by the stress field, and a larger plastic region of the downface slope. The reduction value was more eminent for steeper slopes beta >= 20 degrees due to the tendency for nonsymmetrical failure pattern, especially for higher phi values. The findings of the current research and those described in the literature were in good agreement, so much so that the lower-bound limit analysis and the current solution technique virtually reflect the same trend. The load inclination values for footings located adjacent to the slope with beta <= 30 degrees were not meaningful, whereas for footing resting on an infinite slope with beta >= 25 degrees it exceeds 15 degrees, which reflects the fact that its effect should not be neglected, especially for ground slopes greater than 20 degrees. By increasing beta degrees, the maximum values of plastic length and plastic depth on the left and right sides of the footing decrease and increase, respectively. The maximum depth of the plastic region for beta >= 20 degrees from around the right side of the footing shifts toward the downward-sloping face. The maximum width of the elastic wedge gradually reduces, and the intersection point of the left and right plastic regions slowly shifts to the left and upside of the footing.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the N\u03b3 Coefficient for Shallow Strip Footings on Sloping Ground by the Method of Stress Characteristics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "After sustained selling in the last two and a half months, FPIs bought Indian equities worth Rs 1,433 crore thus far in November, mainly due to the decline in US treasury bond yields and crude oil prices.Foreign Portfolios Investors (FPIs) were net sellers till November 15. However, they reversed the selling trend by infusing money during November 16-17, data with the depositories showed.\"The ongoing festive season in India has been seen as a contributing factor to the renewed interest of FPIs in the Indian market. Alongside this, a decrease in US Treasury bond yields and a decline in crude oil prices alleviated some of the pressures that prompted the sell-off earlier,\" Himanshu Srivastava, Associate Director - Manager Research, Morningstar Investment Adviser India, said.Some intermittent corrections in the markets could have also provided buying opportunities in a few pockets, Srivastava added.VK Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said the resilience of the market and strong up moves on favourable days have forced a rethinking in FPI strategy. That's why they turned buyers on the 15th and 16th of this month after sustained selling in the first two weeks of November.Market experts now believe that the US Fed is done with rate hikes and will slowly start discounting rate cuts in 2024. If the declining trend in US inflation persists, the Federal Reserve may cut rates by mid-2024. This can facilitate FPI inflows into emerging markets like India, he added.Before the fund infusion, FPIs dumped Indian equities worth Rs 24,548 crore in October and Rs 14,767 crore in September, data showed.Prior to the outflow, FPIs were incessantly buying Indian equities in the last six months from March to August and invested Rs 1.74 lakh crore during the period.The prolonged sell-off by FPIs, which began in early September, was influenced by several factors -- the uncertain trajectory of US interest rates, increased yields on US treasury bonds, the impact of higher crude oil prices, and the intensification of geopolitical tensions arising from the conflict between Israel and Hamas.Additionally, the debt market attracted Rs 12,330 crore in the period under review after receiving Rs 6,381 crore in October, as per the data.The inclusion of Indian G-Sec in the JP Morgan Government Bond Index Emerging Markets has spurred foreign fund participation in the Indian bond markets.Indian debt yields are comparatively higher than the US debt yields, making them more attractive to FPIs. The 10-year Indian government bond yield is currently around 7.25 per cent, while the US treasury yield is around 3.8 per cent, Bhuvan Rustagi, COO and co-founder of Per Annum and Lendbox, said.With this, the total investment by FPIs in equity has reached Rs 97,405 crore and over Rs 47,800 crore in the debt market this year so far.Sectorally, FPIs will prefer to invest more in sectors like autos, capital goods, telecom, pharmaceuticals, IT, and construction-related segments in the near term, Geojit's Vijayakumar said.",
-        "output": "FPIs reversed their selling trend in November, investing Rs 1,433 crore in Indian equities due to declining US treasury bond yields and crude oil prices, after selling Rs 39,315 crore in September and October. The inclusion of Indian G-Sec in the JP Morgan Government Bond Index Emerging Markets has also attracted foreign fund participation in the Indian bond markets.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Choline, an indispensable nutrient, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. The available evidence regarding the nexus between dietary choline intake and health outcomes, encompassing cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, is limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between dietary choline intake and the aforementioned health outcomes in adults aged >20years in the U.S.METHODS: This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018. Dietary choline intake was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. CVD and cancer status were determined through a combination of standardized medical status questionnaires and self-reported physician diagnoses. Mortality data were gathered from publicly available longitudinal Medicare and mortality records. The study utilized survey-weighted logistic and Cox regression analyses to explore the associations between choline consumption and health outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used for dose\u2012response estimation and for testing for nonlinear associations.RESULTS: In our study of 14,289 participants (mean age 48.08years, 47.71% male), compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk in the fourth (Q4) and fifth (Q5) quintiles of choline intake were 0.70 (95% CI 0.52, 0.95) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.47, 0.90), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Each 100mg increase in choline intake was associated with a 9% reduced risk of CVD. RCS analysis revealed a linear correlation between choline intake and CVD risk. Moderate choline intake (Q3) was associated with a reduced risk of mortality, with an HR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.60-0.94) compared with Q1. RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between choline intake and all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity=0.025). The overall cancer prevalence association was nonsignificant, except for colon cancer, where each 100mg increase in choline intake indicated a 23% reduced risk.CONCLUSION: Elevated choline intake demonstrates an inverse association with CVD and colon cancer, while moderate consumption exhibits a correlated reduction in mortality. Additional comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate the broader health implications of choline.",
+        "output": "Dietary choline intake and health outcomes in U.S. adults: exploring the impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer prevalence, and all-cause mortality.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) CEO Elon Musk revealed on social media platform X (formerly twitter) that the multi-billionaire is \u201cuncomfortable\u201d with the idea of expanding the automaker's role in artificial intelligence and robotics without first securing a minimum of 25% of voting control of the company, a stake nearly double his current ownership.In his post on X on Monday, Musk stated that unless he obtains a significant stake in Tesla, \"enough to be influential, but not so much that I can't be overturned\u201d, he would opt to develop products outside the of the company.Musk currently holds approximately 13% of Tesla's stock, having divested billions of dollars in shares in 2022, a move partly aimed at financing his $44 billion acquisition of Twitter.In another post on X, he expressed openness to a dual-class share structure to attain his objective of securing 25% voting control. However, he was informed that such a structure was deemed impossible following Tesla's initial public offering.Tesla's shares fell about 2% in premarket trading on Tuesday, following Musk's comments.",
-        "output": "Elon Musk seeks 25% voting control in Tesla to expand AI and robotics, expressing discomfort with current 13% stake and considering external development if control is not secured. Tesla's shares declined 2% in premarket trading following Musk's comments.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Nanovoids within a polyamide layer play an important role in the separation performance of thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To form more extensive nanovoids for enhanced performance, one commonly used method is to incorporate sacrificial nanofillers in the polyamide layer during the exothermic interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction, followed by some post-etching processes. However, these post-treatments could harm the membrane integrity, thereby leading to reduced selectivity. In this study, we applied in situ self-etchable sacrificial nanofillers by taking advantage of the strong acid and heat generated in IP. CaCO3 nanoparticles (nCaCO(3)) were used as the model nanofillers, which can be in situ etched by reacting with H+ to leave void nanostructures behind. This reaction can further degas CO2 nanobubbles assisted by heat in IP to form more nanovoids in the polyamide layer. These nanovoids can facilitate water transport by enlarging the effective surface filtration area of the polyamide and reducing hydraulic resistance to significantly enhance water permeance. The correlations between the nanovoid properties and membrane performance were systematically analyzed. We further demonstrate that the nCaCO(3)-tailored membrane can improve membrane antifouling propensity and rejections to boron and As(III) compared with the control. This study investigated a novel strategy of applying self-etchable gas precursors to engrave the polyamide layer for enhanced membrane performance, which provides new insights into the design and synthesis of TFC membranes.",
+        "output": "Engraving Polyamide Layers by In Situ Self-Etchable CaCO3 Nanoparticles Enhances Separation Properties and Antifouling Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "AIM: Armed conflict remains a tragic feature of the modern world and so it is necessary to continue to study its health impacts. Even the study of historical conflicts is relevant given that certain health impacts are common to most wars e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).METHODS: This study built on a previous quantitative analysis of a randomly selected group of 200 New Zealand veterans from the First World War (WWI). From this sample we selected 10 cases that illustrated particular themes around morbidity impacts.RESULTS: The theme of severity of impacts was illustrated with a case who was severely wounded and died from suicide when back in New Zealand, and another case with severe PTSD. The theme of the high frequency of non-fatal conditions was revealed with cases illustrating new diagnoses (a case with n=8 diagnoses), hospitalisations for new conditions (n=6), non-fatal injury events (n=3) and for sexually transmitted infections (n=3). The theme of chronic debility as a consequence of various conditions was illustrated with cases who had suffered from being gassed or having gastroenteritis, malaria or pandemic influenza.CONCLUSION: These 10 selected cases reiterate how severe and extensive the morbidity burden for military personnel in WWI could be. Also illustrated is how the morbidity could contribute to adverse impacts on some of their lives after returning to New Zealand.",
-        "output": "Health impacts of war: case studies of New Zealand veterans of the First World War.",
+        "input": "Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming prevalent in the pediatric population. The existing pediatric MetS definitions (e.g., the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition and the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition) involve complex cut-offs, precluding fast risk assessment in clinical practice.We proposed a simplified definition for assessing MetS risk in youths aged 6-17years, and compared its performance with two existing widely used pediatric definitions (the IDF definition, and the NCEP definition) in 10 pediatric populations from 9 countries globally (n=19,426) using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. In general, the total MetS prevalence of 6.2% based on the simplified definition was roughly halfway between that of 4.2% and 7.7% estimated from the IDF and NCEP definitions, respectively. The ROC curve analyses showed a good agreement between the simplified definition and two existing definitions: the total area under the curve (95% confidence interval) of the proposed simplified definition for identifying MetS risk achieved 0.91 (0.89-0.92) and 0.79 (0.78-0.81) when using the IDF or NCEP definition as the gold standard, respectively.The proposed simplified definition may be useful for pediatricians to quickly identify MetS risk and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) clustering in clinical practice, and allow direct comparison of pediatric MetS prevalence across different populations, facilitating consistent pediatric MetS risk monitoring and the development of evidence-based pediatric MetS prevention strategies globally.",
+        "output": "A proposed simplified definition of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a global perspective.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a potential threat to the onset of carcinogenesis in the cervix, anogenital regions, and oropharynx. HPV encompasses over 200 types, with at least 12 having the potential to cause cancer, impacting the majority of sexually active individuals. In this current research, we explore the occurrence and spread of HPV genotypes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this cross-sectional study conducted in Sanandaj, Iran from Feb 2022 to Aug 2023, diverse samples including oral, vaginal, and genital were collected from individuals referred to private laboratories in Sanandaj, Iran. After sample collection and DNA extraction (FAVORGEN, Taiwan), they were subjected to PCR and genotyping (MehrViru, Iran). The subsequent statistical analysis unveiled infection rates across different demographics and age groups. STATA (version 17) were used for statistical analysis. We examined infection rates across demographics using t-tests and Odds Ratio.RESULTS: Overall, 26% (249) out of 950 cases tested positive for HPV, with 69% of these classified as high-risk. Among the examined population, 98% (933) were female, and 2% (17) were male. Females aged 31-40 exhibited the highest percentage of HPV prevalence (115/460) in the study with the majority of positive cases belonging to HR genotypes. The overall most frequent genotypes identified were 6, 16, 52, 53, 51, 58, and 56. HPV-16 exhibited the highest frequency among HR genotypes, accounting for 42 (17%) occurrences, followed by HPV-52 with a frequency of 32 (13%).CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the significant prevalence of HPV among females, particularly in the 21-30 age group. The identification of high-risk genotypes, underscores the importance of targeted interventions for specific age cohorts. The age-stratified analysis highlights a consistent predominance of high-risk HPV across age groups, indicating the need for age-specific preventive measures. These results contribute valuable information for designing effective screening and vaccination strategies, to alleviate the impact of diseases associated with HPV.",
-        "output": "Prevailing of HPV-16 and 52 genotype in 2022-2023 in Sanandaj, Iran.",
+        "input": "Chloramphenicol (CAP) is an antibiotic that commonly pollutes the environment, and microorganisms primarily drive its degradation and transformation. Although several pathways for CAP degradation have been documented in different bacteria, multiple metabolic pathways in the same strain and their potential biological significance have not been revealed. In this study, Sphingobium WTD-1, which was isolated from activated sludge, can completely degrade 100mg/L CAP within 60h as the sole energy source. UPLC-HRMS and HPLC analyses showed that three different pathways, including acetylation, hydroxyl oxidation, and oxidation (C1-C2 bond cleavage), are responsible for the metabolism of CAP. Importantly, acetylation and C3 hydroxyl oxidation reduced the cytotoxicity of the substrate to strain WTD-1, and the C1-C2 bond fracture of CAP generated the metabolite p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) to provide energy for its growth. This indicated that the synergistic action of three metabolic pathways caused WTD-1 to be adaptable and able to degrade high concentrations of CAP in the environment. This study deepens our understanding of the microbial degradation pathway of CAP and highlights the biological significance of the synergistic metabolism of antibiotic pollutants by multiple pathways in the same strain.",
+        "output": "Revealing the biological significance of multiple metabolic pathways of chloramphenicol by Sphingobium sp. WTD-1.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India is not planning any changes to its tax regime to help Indian government bonds be included on other global indices, a government source said on Wednesday.JPMorgan's decision last week to include India in its emerging market bond index from June 2024 is likely to bring in around $25 billion, as per analysts' estimates. Fellow index provider FTSE Russell, which has India on the watchlist for inclusion, has a review scheduled later this week. The Bloomberg indexes do not include India either.India imposes a 20% withholding tax on foreign investors buying and selling local debt, seen as a deterrent for traders, as well as index providers.India's Finance Ministry did not immediately reply to an email from Reuters.The source, who did not want to be named because he is not authorised to speak to media, also said the federal government's revenue and expenditure was in line with budget estimates so far.The government has spent 40% of its budgeted capital expenditure by early September, the source said.India's federal government is targeting a fiscal deficit of 5.9% of GDP for the financial year ending March 31, 2024 and will borrow 6.55 trillion rupees ($78.70 billion)in the October-March period.Net borrowing during that period will be 3.74 trillion rupees, which includes repayment of 2.81 trillion rupees on account of securities maturing, the person said.",
-        "output": "India will not alter its tax regime to facilitate the inclusion of Indian government bonds in global indices, despite JPMorgan's decision to include India in its emerging market bond index from June 2024, which is expected to attract $25 billion. India's 20% withholding tax on foreign investors is seen as a deterrent for traders and index providers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Action segmentation task is an important approach for understanding the actions from the video. Most of the conventional action recognition tasks can recognize only a single action from a given input video, thus we need to input a pre -trimmed video containing only one type of action. In contrast, temporal action segmentation (TAS) aims to segment a temporally untrimmed video sequence by time. Consequently, it has wider application prospects in various fields. Previously proposed TAS-based methods use only RGB color video as input to segment the actions, but RGB video is not robust against diverse backgrounds. Whereas skeleton -based features are more resilient as they do not incorporate any background information but there has been limited research exploring this feature modality. To this end, we propose a motion -aware and temporal -enhanced spatial- temporal graph convolutional network for the skeleton -based human action segmentation. Our framework contains a motion -aware module, multi -scale temporal convolutional network, temporal -enhanced graph convolutional network module and a refinement module. Our method can efficiently capture the motion information and long-range dependencies using skeleton features while improving temporal modeling. We have conducted experiments using four publicly available datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our introduced method. The code is available at https://github.com/11yxk/openpack.",
+        "output": "A motion-aware and temporal-enhanced Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for skeleton-based human action segmentation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PurposeSince teaching practice is the most important within-school determinant of student learning outcomes, a deepened understanding of how and why school leadership contributes to effective teaching is needed. This article aimed to systematically review the knowledge that has been accumulated about the indirect relations between school leadership and instructional practices.Design/methodology/approachThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the selection of relevant articles from the databases Scopus and Google Scholar. Twenty-six published works met the eligibility criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis and content analysis.FindingsThe most frequently measured mediators of the effects of school leadership on teaching practice were teacher collaboration, professional learning and teacher self-efficacy. Most studies simultaneously modeled multiple mediated pathways from school leadership to teaching practice. However, only a few analyzed studies used time lags when examining relationships between constructs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to systematically review knowledge on pathways through which school leadership is related to classroom instruction. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of processes through which school leadership achieves its effects on instructional practices.",
-        "output": "School leadership and teaching practice: a systematic review of studies of the indirect effects",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Social media sites like Twitter (now X) are increasingly used to create health behavior metrics for public health surveillance. Yet little is known about social norms that may bias the content of posts about health behaviors. Social norms for posts about four health behaviors (smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, physical activity, eating food) on Twitter/X were evaluated.METHODS: This was a randomized experiment delivered via web-based survey to adult, English-speaking Twitter/X users in three Michigan, USA, counties from 2020 to 2022 (n=559). Each participant viewed 24 posts presenting experimental manipulations regarding four health behaviors and answered questions about each post's social acceptability. Principal component analysis was used to combine survey responses into one perceived social acceptability measure. Linear mixed models with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction were implemented to test seven study hypotheses in 2023.RESULTS: Supporting six hypotheses, posts presenting healthier (CI: 0.028, 0.454), less stigmatized behaviors (CI: 0.552, 0.157) were more socially acceptable than posts regarding unhealthier, stigmatized behaviors. Unhealthy (CI: -0.268, -0.109) and stigmatized behavior (CI: -0.261, -0.103) posts were less acceptable for more educated participants. Posts about collocated activities (CI: 0.410, 0.573) and accompanied by expressions of liking (CI: 0.906, 1.11) were more acceptable than activities undertaken alone or disliked. Contrary to one hypothesis, posts reporting unusual activities were less acceptable than usual ones (CI: -0.472, 0.312).CONCLUSIONS: Perceived social acceptability may be associated with the frequency and content of health behavior posts. Users of Twitter/X and other social media platform posts to estimate health behavior prevalence should account for potential estimation biases from perceived social acceptability of posts.",
+        "output": "Social Acceptability of Health Behavior Posts on Social Media: An Experiment.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) stance on an Ethereum-based exchange-traded fund (ETF) has become a topic of debate among financial analysts and major investment firms. Despite a widespread sense of anticipation, JPMorgan (NYSE:JPM) has expressed skepticism regarding the SEC's approval of a spot Ethereum ETF by May 2024 without Ethereum being classified as a commodity, similar to Bitcoin.The SEC has maintained a cautious approach in the wake of approving Bitcoin ETFs. The commission's particular concern lies with staking protocols associated with Ethereum, as these could lead to tokens being classified as securities, which would likely complicate the approval process.Several major firms, including BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) and Fidelity, have demonstrated their interest in the cryptocurrency space by filing for spot Ethereum ETFs. The market is closely watching these developments, as a decision on VanEck's Ethereum ETF application is expected by May 23. The outcome of this decision is anticipated to significantly influence the regulatory landscape for Ethereum-based investment products.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The SEC's approval of a spot Ethereum ETF by May 2024 is uncertain due to concerns about staking protocols, despite interest from major firms like BlackRock and Fidelity. JPMorgan expresses skepticism about approval without Ethereum being classified as a commodity like Bitcoin.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To understand the ocular biometric parameters characteristics and refractive errors in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children in Chengdu, China, and to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors.METHOD: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Chengdu from 2020 to2022 with a total of 666 kindergartens. All children were measured by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Finally, univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refraction.RESULTS: A total of 108,578 preschool children aged 3-6 underwent examinations, revealing a myopia prevalence of 6.1%. The mean axial length (AL), keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR), axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) Ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were 22.35\u00b10.69mm, 43.35\u00b11.58 D, 7.80\u00b10.28mm, 2.87\u00b10.08, 533.31\u00b132.51mum, 2.70\u00b10.28mm, 3.91\u00b10.27mm, and 15.20\u00b10.68mm, respectively. With increasing age, AL, CR, AL/CR ratio, CCT, ACD, LT, and VCD also increased. Regardless of age, males consistently exhibited longer AL, flatter corneal curvature, shallower ACD, thicker CCT, thinner LT, and longer VCD compared to females. AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD all showed significant linear relationships with SE (all P<0.001) in univariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among preschool children aged 3-6 in Chengdu is relatively low. Ocular biometric parameters affecting refractive errors include AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD. The preschool period serves as a critical phase for myopia prevention and control.",
+        "output": "Refraction and ocular biometric parameters in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children : a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Following alterations in the tax structure, mutual fund (MF) schemes that invest in overseas securities have experienced a sharp decline in inflows. In the first five months of 2023-24 (FY24), international MF schemes have received an average monthly gross inflow of only Rs 270 crore, compared to Rs 490 crore during the same period in the previous year.This decline persists despite nearly all fund houses opening subscriptions for such schemes, with higher redemptions creating headroom for fresh investments.At the end of January 2022, fund houses were compelled to limit inflows into their schemes as they neared the exhaustion",
-        "output": "International MF schemes have witnessed a significant decline in inflows, averaging only Rs 270 crore monthly in FY24, compared to Rs 490 crore in the previous year, due to tax structure alterations and higher redemptions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We report a cluster of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease identified via genomic surveillance in older adults in England and describe the public health responses. Genomic surveillance is critical for supporting public health investigations and detecting the growing threat of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis infections in older adults.",
+        "output": "Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults Identified by Genomic Surveillance, England, 2022-2023.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Sebi chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch on Thursday said the markets regulator's board will be discussing potential changes on delisting at its next meeting.Addressing an event organised by industry body Ficci, Buch said the Sebi management will also table changes on insider trading norms before the board either in December or January.\"There was a popular belief that we will never review the delisting regulations and we will always stay with the reverse book building process. We have a consultation paper that was floated, we have got a lot of feedback and at the next board meeting we are taking that proposal to our board,\" Buch said.Similarly, she said it was widely believed that Sebi is \"very dogmatic about insider trading\" but the regulator has initiated a relook into the same by initiating consultation.All these are part of efforts to \"eschew dogma\", Buch said, adding that Sebi is focusing on data and backtesting the data to drive regulations. She said the regulator is fine delaying a decision by a few weeks if need be, but made it clear that no regulation will come out sans data and its analysis.The regulator is adopting a more consultative approach to regulations in the dynamic market landscape, she said, pointing out that a third of the 167 circulars it issued last year have gone through public consultations.Meanwhile, when asked about trading platforms facing outages, Buch said Sebi has a system where an investor can directly go to an exchange website if a broker is offline.\"If you're a regular trader who is influenced by minute to minute fluctuations, then you need to diversify risk, open an account with two brokers,\" she advised.",
-        "output": "Sebi's board will discuss potential changes to delisting regulations and insider trading norms at its next meeting, as part of the regulator's efforts to \"eschew dogma\" and focus on data-driven regulations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: This review aimed to quantify the impact of socioeconomic status on functional outcomes from stroke and identify the socioeconomic status indicators that exhibit the highest magnitude of association.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic literature search across Medline and Embase from inception to May 2022, to identify observational studies (n\u2265100, and in English). Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. We included 19 studies (157715 patients, 47.7% women) reporting functional outcomes measured with modified Rankin Scale or Barthel index, with 10 assessed as low risk of bias. Measures of socioeconomic status reported were education (11 studies), income (8), occupation (4), health insurance status (3), and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (3). Pooled data suggested that low socioeconomic status was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes, including incomplete education or below high school level versus high school attainment and above (odds ratio [OR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40-1.95]), lowest income versus highest income (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.02-1.83]), a manual job/being unemployed versus a nonmanual job/working (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.29-2.02]), and living in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhood versus the least disadvantaged (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.25-1.92]). Low health insurance status was also associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.95-1.84]), although this was association was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Despite great strides in stroke treatment in the past decades, social disadvantage remains a risk factor for poor functional outcome after an acute stroke. Further research is needed to better understand causal mechanisms and disparities.",
+        "output": "Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Functional Outcomes After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DALLAS -   Energy Transfer   LP (NYSE:ET), a major player in the U.S. energy sector, disclosed its plans today to conduct concurrent public offerings of two sets of debt securities, subject to market conditions and other factors. The offerings will consist of senior notes due in 2034 and 2054, along with junior subordinated notes also maturing in 2054.The proceeds from these offerings are earmarked for several financial maneuvers, including the refinancing of existing debt, such as borrowings under the company's revolving credit facility. Additionally, Energy Transfer aims to redeem its outstanding Series C, D, and E Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Units, with the Series E preferred units slated for redemption when they become redeemable on May 15, 2024. The remaining funds will be allocated for general partnership purposes.Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Agricole (OTC:CRARY) Securities (USA) Inc.,  Deutsche Bank  (ETR:DBKGn) Securities Inc., PNC Capital Markets LLC, and RBC Capital Markets, LLC are serving as joint book-running managers for both the senior and junior subordinated notes offerings.The offerings are being made through an effective shelf registration statement and prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Interested parties can obtain copies of the prospectus and related prospectus supplement for each offering from the respective managing firms.Energy Transfer, which owns and operates a vast array of energy assets across the United States, including over 125,000 miles of pipelines, is a publicly traded limited partnership. Its assets cover 44 states and include a variety of midstream, transportation, storage, and terminalling facilities for natural gas, crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), and refined products. The company also holds significant interests in Sunoco LP (NYSE:SUN) and USA Compression Partners, LP (NYSE:NYSE:USAC).The information presented here is based on a press release statement from Energy Transfer LP.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Energy Transfer LP plans to offer senior notes due in 2034 and 2054, and junior subordinated notes due in 2054 to refinance debt, redeem preferred units, and for general partnership purposes. The offerings are being made through an effective shelf registration statement and prospectus filed with the SEC.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: This study examines the association between traditional cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) incidence in individuals with diverse sleep patterns.METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data from 208621 participants initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK Biobank study. Sleep patterns were assessed using scores for chronotype, duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing. Traditional CVH scores were derived from the Life's Simple 7 metrics. Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression assessed associations between distinct combinations of CVH and sleep scores and MACE, including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and CVD mortality. Over a mean follow-up of 12.73years, 9253 participants experienced incident MACE. Individuals with both a healthy sleep pattern and ideal CVH levels had the lowest MACE risk compared with those with a poor sleep pattern and poor CVH levels (hazard ratio, 0.306 [95% CI, 0.257-0.365]; P<0.001). Elevated CVH scores were associated with a reduced risk of MACE across different sleep patterns. Similar trends were observed for individual MACE components, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. These findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses and across various subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: In individuals without known CVD, maintaining a favorable sleep pattern and achieving optimal CVH levels, as measured by traditional metrics, were associated with the lowest MACE risk. Enhanced CVH significantly reduced CVD risk, even in individuals with a poor sleep pattern. These results emphasize the importance of considering multiple dimensions of sleep health alongside CVH to mitigate CVD risk.REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk; Unique identifier: 91090.",
+        "output": "Sleep Patterns and Traditional Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Joint Impact on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in a Prospective Cohort Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Indian Energy Exchange's total trade volume rose by over 13 per cent year on year to 8,865 million units in August.The total trade volume of IEX stood at 7,805 million units (MU) as per its data.\"IEX attained 8,865 MU overall volume, including green market trade of 242.3 MU, ancillary market trade of 40MU, 2.53 lakh RECs (equivalent to 253 MU) and 1.03 lakh ESCerts (equivalent to 103 MU),\" an IEX statement said.The overall volume traded during the month increased to 13.3 per cent on YoY (year on year) basis.IEX achieved 8,469 MU total electricity volume in August 2023, registering an increase of 21 per cent on YoY basis, the statement said.In August 2023, the country experienced its lowest August rainfall since 1901, resulting in hot weather conditions. This, in turn, led to an unprecedented surge in electricity demand during the month, it explained.Due to the combination of higher demand and supply constraints, prices on IEX during the month reached Rs 6.89/unit, marking a 33 per cent year-on-year increase, it stated.The Day-Ahead Market (DAM) volume increased to 3,810 MU in August 2023, from 3,551 MU in August 2022, growing 7.3 pe cent YoY.The average market clearing price was Rs 6.89/unit during the month, up by 33 per cent over the corresponding month last year.The Real-Time Electricity Market (RTM) achieved 2,738 MU in August this year, registering an increase of 21 per cent YoY.IEX achieved the highest ever single-day volume of 135.28 MUs in RTM on August 24, 2023.The RTM segment enables distribution utilities and industries with greater flexibility and efficient optimisation of portfolios by balancing their power demand-supply on a real-time basis.The Term-Ahead Market (TAM) and the Day Ahead Contingency Market (DAC), comprising intra-day, contingency, daily & weekly contracts, and contracts up to 3 months, traded 1,673 MU during August 2023, higher by 131.5 per cent YoY.",
-        "output": "Indian Energy Exchange's total trade volume surged by 13.3% YoY to 8,865 million units in August, driven by a 21% increase in electricity volume to 8,469 MU due to unprecedented demand amid supply constraints. The average market clearing price rose by 33% to Rs 6.89/unit.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "How can one conciliate the claim that humans are uncertainty minimizing systems that seek to navigate predictable and familiar environments with the claim that humans can be creative? We call this the Enlightened Room Problem (ERP). The solution, we suggest, lies not (or not only) in the error-minimizing brain but in the environment itself. Creativity emerges from various degrees of interplay between predictive brains and changing environments: ones that repeatedly move the goalposts for our own error-minimizing machinery. By (co)constructing these challenging worlds, we effectively alter and expand the space within which our own prediction engines operate, and that function as 'exploration bubbles' that enable information seeking, uncertainty minimizing minds to penetrate deeper and deeper into artistic, scientific and engineering space. In what follows, we offer a proof of principle for this kind of environmentally led cognitive expansion.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.",
+        "output": "Cultivating creativity: predictive brains and the enlightened room problem",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As our understanding of the world's ocean and their history deepens, research on Marine Cultural Heritage (MCH) is increasingly vital for the preservation and maintenance of our shared cultural legacy. This paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of global MCH literature from January 1, 2000, to November 2, 2023, using Web of Science and VOSviewer. The results reveal three particularly interesting trends. Firstly, a significant increase in the volume of publications related to MCH research since 2018. Researchers in this field primarily hail from the Global North, particularly European countries, with their affiliated institutions displaying an international and diverse research profile in the MCH domain. Secondly, MCH research spans various disciplinary fields, including oceanography, environmental studies, ecology, and anthropology, forming the foundation for comprehensive MCH research. It encompasses a spectrum from traditional ecological knowledge to the impacts of climate change, extending to the influence of international law and policies. Thirdly, research hotspots in the MCH field include cultural heritage and climate change, coastal resilience and management, underwater cultural heritage, heritage conservation, and sustainable tourism, as well as Geoheritage and Geotourism. Building upon the bibliometric analysis, we provide suggestions for future research endeavors, emphasizing potential areas for further exploration and investigation.",
-        "output": "Mapping the landscape of marine cultural heritage research from 2000 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis",
+        "input": "Cognitive decline, mental health and mindset factors can all affect the autonomy and well-being of older adults. As the number of older adults across the globe increases, interventions to improve well-being are urgently needed. Improvisational theatre (improv) and improv-based interventions are well-suited to address this need. Studies have shown that participation in improv-based interventions has a positive impact on mental health indicators, including depressive symptoms, well-being and social connectedness, as well as cognitive skills such as attention and memory. In addition, improv-based interventions have been beneficial for people with dementia, improving positive affect, self-esteem and communication. In this article, we describe improvisational theatre, or improv, and the reasons it has emerged from a form of spontaneous theatre that involves playfulness and creativity to an important tool to effect behavioural change in individuals and groups. We then review the literature on the effects of improv in ageing populations, with a focus on social, emotional and cognitive functioning. Finally, we make recommendations on designing improv-based interventions so that future research, using rigorous quantitative methods, larger sample sizes and randomised controlled trials, can expand the use of improv in addressing important factors related to autonomy and well-being in older adults.",
+        "output": "New horizon in improving ageing with improvisational theatre.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a technically challenging surgical procedure. More recently, quality of life and survivorship following PEs are being increasingly acknowledged as important patient outcomes. This includes evaluating major long-term complications such as hernias, defined as the protrusion of internal organs through a facial defect (The PelvEx Collaborative in Br J Surg109:1251-1263, 2022), for which there is currently limited literature. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the incidence and risk factors for postoperative hernia formation among our PE cohort managed at a quaternary centre.METHOD: A retrospective cohort study examining hernia formation following PE for locally advanced rectal carcinoma and locally recurrent rectal carcinoma between June 2010 and August 2022 at a quaternary cancer centre was performed. Baseline data evaluating patient characteristics, surgical techniques and outcomes was collated among a PE cohort of 243 patients. Postoperative hernia incidence was evaluated via independent radiological screening and clinical examination.RESULTS: A total of 79 patients (32.5%) were identified as having developed a hernia. Expectantly, those undergoing flap reconstruction had a lower incidence of postoperative hernias. Of the 79 patients who developed postoperative hernias, 16.5% reported symptoms with the most common symptom reported being pain. Reintervention was required in 18 patients (23%), all of which were operative.CONCLUSION: This study found over one-third of PE patients developed a hernia postoperatively. This paper highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and optimization of patients to minimize morbidity.",
-        "output": "Evaluating postoperative hernia incidence and risk factors following pelvic exenteration.",
+        "input": "Previous research suggests that descriptive norms positively influence proenvironmental behavior, including littering prevention. However, in some behavioral contexts, a weak descriptive norm may increase individuals' feelings of responsibility by signaling a need for action.We examined this effect in the context of litter prevention by conducting structural equation modeling of survey data from 1400 Singapore residents. The results showed thatdescriptive norms negatively predicted ascription of responsibility and were negatively related to littering prevention behavior via ascription of responsibility and personal norms.It also showed that strong injunctive norms can reduce the inhibitory effect of descriptive norms on ascription of responsibility. These findings were consistent with several hypotheses constituting the model of norm-regulated responsibility, a novel explanatory framework offering new insights and a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of social norms' influence on proenvironmental behavior.",
+        "output": "The model of norm-regulated responsibility for proenvironmental behavior in the context of littering prevention.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The current market price for the Nifty Financial Services Index is 19,518.60, and the prevailing trend on charts signals a bullish sentiment for the near term.The ongoing correction in the charts is viewed as a minor pullback within the broader bullish trend. Noteworthy support levels are anticipated around 19,464, 19,349, and 19,236.For traders, the recommended strategy is to accumulate the index and its constituents near these support levels. This strategic move positions traders to capitalize on potential short-term gains. The target or resistance levels are expected at 19,850, 19,980, and 20,064.In summary, the Nifty Financial Services Index exhibits a bullish trend on charts, and the current correction is viewed as an opportunity for traders to accumulate positions strategically. By aligning with the identified support levels, traders can navigate the market effectively, optimizing gains in the short term while managing risks associated with the ongoing correction.The current market price for the Nifty Private Banks Index is 22,681.25, indicating an upward trend in the near term. A robust support level is anticipated between 22,536 and 22,425.Traders are advised to seize opportunities when the index trades within this range, using it as a chance to accumulate for short-term gains. The expected target or resistance lies at 22,836 and 23,010. It's crucial to note that a close above 23,010 will likely initiate fresh buying in the near term, with the subsequent resistance set at 23,300.The recommended trading strategy for the near term is to buy on dips, aligning with the prevailing upward trend.In summary, the Nifty Private Banks Index presents a favorable outlook for short-term gains. Traders are encouraged to leverage buying opportunities when the index dips within the identified support range, aligning their strategies with the overall bullish sentiment in the near term.The current market price for the Nifty PSU Banks Index is 5,070.25, and the recommended trading strategy involves a cautious approach. Implementing a strict stop loss at 5,116, traders are advised to sell on upward movements, targeting levels of 5,000 and 4,964.It's crucial to note that the oversold zone is anticipated around 4,925. In the event of the index reaching this level, short-term traders are encouraged to consider accumulating positions for potential short-term gains.This strategy is particularly relevant for investors and swing traders looking to capitalize on market dynamics. In summary, the current market conditions suggest a sell-on-rise approach for traders, with a specified stop loss and target levels. Simultaneously, the oversold zone at 4,925 presents an opportunity for short-term accumulation, aligning with the overall strategy to navigate the Nifty PSU Banks Index for optimal gains and risk management.",
-        "output": "Nifty Financial Services Index exhibits a bullish trend with support levels at 19,464, 19,349, and 19,236, while Nifty Private Banks Index presents a favorable outlook for short-term gains with support between 22,536 and 22,425. In contrast, Nifty PSU Banks Index suggests a cautious approach with a sell-on-rise strategy and a stop loss at 5,116.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Recently, the transradial (TR) approach has become a common alternative because of its safety profile and increased patient satisfaction compared with the transfemoral (TF) route. Both routes are associated with their respective associated costs, and differences typically emerge on the basis of patient anatomy, operator expertise, and occurrence of complications. The authors' objective was to compare the overall costs of diagnostic cerebral angiography via both routes and to shed light on the individual equipment costs of each route.METHODS: This retrospective single-center study of 926 elective diagnostic angiograms was performed between December 2019 and March 2022.RESULTS: The study comprised of 314 and 612 angiograms performed through the TF and TR routes, respectively. A significantly greater proportion of female patients were included in the TF cohort (79.3% vs 67.8%, p < 0.001), and most other demographic characteristics and baseline modified Rankin Scale scores were comparable between cohorts. The overall cost of patients utilizing the TR route was comparable to that of the TF route (mean \u00b1 SD $12,591.80 \u00b1 $19,128.00 vs $12,789.50 \u00b1 18,424.00, p = 0.88). However, the median cost of catheters was significantly higher in TR group ($55.20 vs $12.40, p = 0.03), while the median costs of closure devices ($87.00 vs $20.20 p < 0.001) and sheaths ($44.60 \u00b1 11.3 vs $41.10 \u00b1 3.10, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the TF group.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the authors' study showed that the TR approach can be a less expensive option for patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography, especially if complications occur. Future studies may corroborate these findings and potentially lead to the adoption of TR as a low-cost, efficient, gold-standard technique for cerebral angiography.",
+        "output": "Transradial versus transfemoral access routes for diagnostic cerebral angiography: a large single-center comparative cost-analysis study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Precious metals \u2013 gold, silver and platinum \u2013 have returned a negative 14 per cent to 11 per cent during this period, shows data.The sharp rally in crypto currencies, such as",
-        "output": "Precious metals (gold, silver, platinum) have underperformed during this period, with returns ranging from -14% to -11%, while cryptocurrencies have experienced a sharp rally.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Research examining the contraceptive paradox has illuminated how contraception can be a source of empowerment for some and oppression for others. This study advances theorizing of the contraceptive paradox by illustrating how 45 young women experience contraception as both liberating and constraining due to a confluence of biomedicalization processes, gender inequality, and neoliberal feminism. Drawing on focus group data, we find that the biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention and neoliberal feminist discourse, in combination with experiences of social and economic privilege and gender inequality in fertility work, shape participants' interpretation of contraceptive technology as a key resource for individually liberating themselves from undesired pregnancy. At the same time, their experiences indicate prescription contraception plays an oppressive role in their lives. In addition to blaming themselves and their bodies for negative contraceptive side effects, participants take for granted that assuming sole responsibility for contraceptive use in their relationships with men is the price they must pay to feel free. The findings indicate that addressing a social problem using an individualized biomedical solution obscures the power that structural inequalities exert over pregnancy-capable people, including relatively privileged young women. As an expression of biopower, these dynamics prompted participants to emphasize distributive justice over social justice, foreclosing their engagement in collective action.",
+        "output": "The biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention, neoliberal feminism, and college women's experiences of the contraceptive paradox.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Inefficient education is a cause of anxiety and low self-efficacy among caregivers, especially for those caring for patients with tracheostomy. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the outcomes of tracheostomy care education by mannequin-based simulation and smartphone application. The participants were 126 primary caregivers of tracheostomy patients being discharged home from hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The control group received routine care. Caregiver self-efficacy was assessed using the Caregiver Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prior to the education and 1 month after. There were significant differences among the three groups regarding the mean scores of self-efficacy and anxiety. There was a significant increase in self-efficacy (P \u2264 .0001) and a significant decrease in anxiety (P \u2264 .0001) scores after the intervention. The intergroup comparison showed a significant difference between the intervention groups and the control group in terms of changes in the anxiety and self-efficacy scores of caregivers (P < .001).",
-        "output": "A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Tracheostomy Training using Mannequin-Based Simulation and Smartphone Application on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety of Caregivers.",
+        "input": "The paper collects prior studies about the cavities in the northern portion of Pompeii's fortification. The exceptional circumstances that characterize the unearthed city allow to ascribe those cavities to the blows of the artillery employed by the Romans in the first century BC during the siege. The survey of the cavities was carried out via traditional methods and enabled to derive ballistic data to quantify the power of the arms used. In conclusion, the paper suggests that a photogrammetric survey would be opportune. The precise and accurate geometric and radiometric characterization of the cavities will be prodromal to the virtual construction of 3D digital twins (negative-positive) and will support the mechanical analyses. The results will be employed to reconstruct Roman artillery (ballistae and catapults) suitable for a correct/reliable reconstruction of the siege followed by and innovative dissemination of the image of ancient Pompeii.",
+        "output": "The Survey of the Ballistic Imprints for a Renewed Image of Unearthed Pompeii",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 U.K. equities were lower at the close on Monday, as losses in the Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking and General Retailers sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in London, the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 were Flutter Entertainment PLC (LON:FLTRF), which rose 2.82% or 360.00 points to trade at 13,150.00 at the close.  Admiral Group  PLC (LON:ADML) added 1.67% or 43.00 points to end at 2,625.00 and  Tesco  PLC (LON:TSCO) was up 1.25% or 3.70 points to 300.60 in late trade.Biggest losers included  Burberry  Group PLC (LON:BRBY), which lost 5.72% or 73.50 points to trade at 1,212.00 in late trade.  Ocado Group  PLC (LON:OCDO) declined 5.09% or 33.20 points to end at 619.00 and Lloyds Banking Group PLC (LON:LLOY) shed 2.57% or 1.16 points to 43.83.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 1145 to 916 and 376 ended unchanged on the London Stock Exchange. In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was up 0.32% or 6.60 to $2,058.20 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in March fell 0.62% or 0.45 to hit $72.34 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract fell 0.52% or 0.41 to trade at $77.88 a barrel.GBP/USD was unchanged 0.16% to 1.27, while EUR/GBP unchanged 0.14% to 0.86.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.17% at 102.32.",
-        "output": "The Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43% on Monday, led by losses in Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking, and General Retailers sectors. Burberry Group PLC and Ocado Group PLC were among the biggest losers, while Flutter Entertainment PLC and Admiral Group PLC gained.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The need to transform the United Kingdom's (UK) delivery of health and care services to better meet population needs and expectations is well-established, as is the critical importance of research and innovation to drive those transformations. Allied health professionals (AHPs) represent a significant proportion of the healthcare workforce. Developing and expanding their skills and capabilities is fundamental to delivering new ways of working. However, career opportunities combining research and practice remain limited. This study explored the perceived utility and value of a doctorate to post-doctoral AHPs and how they experience bringing their research-related capabilities into practice environments.METHODS: With a broadly interpretivist design, a qualitatively oriented cross-sectional survey, with closed and open questions, was developed to enable frequency reporting while focusing on the significance and meaning participants attributed to the topic. Participants were recruited via professional networks and communities of practice. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse closed question responses, while combined framework and thematic analysis was applied to open question responses.RESULTS: Responses were received from 71 post-doctoral AHPs located across all four UK nations. Findings are discussed under four primary themes of utilisation of the doctorate; value of the doctorate; impact on career, and impact on self and support. Reference is also made at appropriate points to descriptive statistics summarising closed question responses.CONCLUSION: The findings clearly articulate variability of experiences amongst post-doctoral AHPs. Some were able to influence team and organisational research cultures, support the development of others and drive service improvement. The challenges, barriers and obstacles encountered by others reflect those that have been acknowledged for many years. Acknowledging them is important, but the conversation must move forward and generate positive action to ensure greater consistency in harnessing the benefits and value-added these practitioners bring. If system-wide transformation is the aim, it is inefficient to leave navigating challenges to individual creativity and tenacity or forward-thinking leaders and organisations. There is an urgent need for system-wide responses to more effectively, consistently and equitably enable career pathways combining research and practice for what is a substantial proportion of the UK healthcare workforce.",
+        "output": "Understanding the value of a doctorate for allied health professionals in practice in the UK: a survey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A spokesperson for Fiat-parent Stellantis (NYSE:STLA) announced Friday that the automaker would temporarily utilize airfreight to address supply disruptions arising from changes in international transport routes due to attacks on vessels in the Red Sea.\"Stellantis has taken appropriate measures to compensate for the temporary extension of some rerouted vessels by using some limited airfreight solutions,\" said the carmaker.On Thursday, the United States and Britain initiated a series of strikes in Yemen targeting the Iran-backed Houthi militia. This military action is a response to the Houthi militia's attacks on international shipping, which have caused significant disruptions to one of the world's most crucial shipping routes.Rival carmaker Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) has decided to suspend a majority of car manufacturing at its Berlin, Germany factory from January 29 to February 11 due to the Red Sea attacks.Shares of STLA are down 2.13% in afternoon trading on Friday.",
-        "output": "Stellantis will use airfreight to mitigate supply chain disruptions caused by Red Sea attacks, while Tesla suspends Berlin factory production due to the same issue.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In the Biosphere Reserve of the Maya Lowlands, the large-scale characterisation of the current wetlands ecology and the exploitation and management of their natural resources by the ancient Maya is severely constrained by the forest. This paper presents an integrated geomatic, geoarchaeological and ecological approach, developed to overcome this obstacle in the microregion of the Naachtun Maya city. It is based on the analysis of LiDAR, and field and laboratory data. This approach has revealed the mosaic of current ecological conditions of the wetlands, thanks to the characterisation and spatial modelling of the landforms, hydrology, vegetation and soil cover. It has enabled the characterisation of numerous hydraulic and agricultural structures: 70 large reservoirs, raised fields (the largest over 1.5 km(2)), canals and ditches (with a cumulative length of over 300 km) and dikes. Eight morphological types of hybrid structures-hydraulic and agricultural-are described. These constructions have enabled the intensive exploitation of water and soil resources, their management and the resulting environmental risks. This study has shown that the agroecosystems of lowland areas were created as early as similar to 1500 B.C.E. and evolved in a polyphasic way, until a phase of radical decline around 1000 C.E. This study has made it possible to characterise the legacy of the Maya Early Anthropocene on current wetlands, as well as their important natural and cultural heritage.",
+        "output": "Wetland landscapes in the Southern Maya Lowlands (Naachtun, Guatemala) from the ancient agroecosystems to the tropical biosphere reserve: Ecology, exploitation and management of water and soil resources, and heritage legacy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Following recent work examining alcohol industry involvements in science, this is a case study that examines the ways in which the alcohol research community engages in boundary work--in which scientists define and defend the demarcation between their community of knowledge makers and others, justifying their claim to legitimacy and authority--in response to alcohol industry-sponsored interventions. The case here involves an economist who disputes the research consensus positions and policy recommendations of the field, having been funded by the key global alcohol industry political organization.METHOD: We examine the functional statements of both sides of this issue to show the ways in which the scientific and policy consensus of the field is disputed. Three examples of the responses of the alcohol research community, presenting different types of responses, are interrogated.RESULTS: In late career and retirement, this economist published extensively in alcohol and health economics journals within the peer-reviewed literature on two key topics in alcohol policy: pricing/taxation measures and advertising restrictions. These commentaries, reviews, and correspondence propose alternative policies favored by the alcohol industry, which are at odds with the alcohol public health evidence base. The three examples examined of boundary work performed by alcohol public health researchers illustrate the variety of ways in which the legitimacy of these interventions has been questioned: on technical grounds, on explicitly normative grounds, and as a body of work as a whole.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions in the scientific literature create important resources for alcohol industry actors to oppose alcohol policy measures globally. The alcohol research field may benefit from discussion about how to respond to these kinds of interventions.",
-        "output": "Managing Disruption: A Case Study of Boundary Work Around Alcohol Industry-Sponsored Scientific Interventions.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Overdose prevention centers (OPCs) provide a safe place where people can consume preobtained drugs under supervision so that a life-saving medical response can be provided quickly in the event of an overdose. OPCs are programs that are established in Canada and have recently become legally sanctioned in only a few United States jurisdictions.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review that summarizes and identifies gaps of economic evidence on establishing OPCs in North America to guide future expansion of OPCs.RESULTS: We included 16 final studies that were evaluated with the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards and Drummond checklists. Eight studies reported cost-effectiveness results (eg, cost per overdose avoided or cost per quality-adjusted life-year), with 6 also including cost-benefit; 5 reported only cost-benefit results, and 3 cost offsets. Health outcomes primarily included overdose mortality outcomes or HIV/hepatitis C virus infections averted. Most studies used mathematical modeling and projected OPC outcomes using the experience of a single facility in Vancouver, BC.CONCLUSIONS: OPCs were found to be cost-saving or to have favorable cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit ratios across all studies. Future studies should incorporate the experience of OPCs established in various settings and use a greater diversity of modeling designs.",
+        "output": "Economic Evaluations of Establishing Opioid Overdose Prevention Centers in 12 North American Cities: A Systematic Review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular conditions among individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to a propensity-matched control cohort.METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study described self-reported cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, congestive heart failure [CHF], myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke) from participants who completed interviews between January 2015 and March 2020 in 2 harmonized large cohort studies, the TBI Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions after 1:1 propensity-score matching based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, education level, and smoking status. The final sample was 4690 matched pairs. Individuals with TBI were more likely to report hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08-1.28]) and stroke (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.56-1.98]) but less likely to report CHF (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99]) or MI (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.79]). There was no difference in rate of CHF or MI for those \u226450years old; however, rates of CHF and MI were lower in the TBI group for individuals >50years old. Over 65% of individuals who died before the first follow-up interview at 1year post-TBI were >50years old, and those >50years old were more likely to die of heart disease than those \u226450years old (17.6% versus 8.6%).CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with moderate to severe TBI had an increased rate of self-reported hypertension and stroke but lower rate of MI and CHF than uninjured adults, which may be due to survival bias.",
-        "output": "Prevalence of Cardiovascular Conditions After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comparison Between the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.",
+        "input": "Ethnographic records show that wooden tools played a pivotal role in the daily lives of hunter- gatherers including food procurement tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks, bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools (e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood rarely survives in the archeological record, especially in Pleistocene contexts and knowledge of prehistoric hunter- gatherer lifeways is strongly biased by the survivorship of more resilient materials such as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few Paleolithic sites have produced wooden artifacts and among them, the site of Schoningen stands out due to its number and variety of wooden tools. The recovery of complete wooden spears and throwing sticks at this 300,000 - y - old site (MIS 9) led to a paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger debate. For the first time and almost 30 y after their discovery, this study introduces the complete wooden assemblage from Schoningen 13 II - 4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total, 187 wooden artifacts could be identified from the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad spectrum of wood- working techniques, including the splitting technique. A minimum of 20 hunting weapons is now recognized and two newly identified artifact types comprise 35 tools made on split woods, which were likely used in domestic activities. Schoningen 13 II - 4 represents the largest Pleistocene wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and demonstrates the key role woodworking had in human evolution. Finally, our results considerably change the interpretation of the Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schoningen.",
+        "output": "The wooden artifacts from Sch\u00f6ningen's Spear Horizon and their place in human evolution",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WOBURN, MA - Biofrontera Inc. (NASDAQ:BFRI), a biopharmaceutical firm focusing on dermatological products, has reported preliminary unaudited revenues indicating a record year for 2023. The company expects revenues to be between $33.8 million and $34.3 million, marking a 19% increase from the previous year. Fourth-quarter revenues are also up, with an anticipated 5% rise to between $10.4 million and $10.9 million compared to the same period in 2022.The company, known for its photodynamic therapy and topical antibiotics used in treating pre-cancerous skin lesions and bacterial skin infections, saw a notable revenue surge in the latter half of the year. This increase ranged between 34% and 37% over the same period in the previous year, attributed partly to a price hike on October 1 and preemptive purchasing by customers.Despite a slower growth rate in the fourth quarter than expected, Biofrontera maintained its upward trajectory, contributing to its solid performance in the second half of the year. The company plans to announce its full financial results for both the fourth quarter and the entire year of 2023 in March 2024, with further details to be provided in the upcoming weeks.These results are based on a press release statement and could be subject to change upon finalization of the financial reports. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Biofrontera Inc. (NASDAQ:BFRI) reported preliminary unaudited revenues for 2023, indicating a record year with a 19% increase to between $33.8 million and $34.3 million, driven by a 34-37% surge in the latter half of the year due to a price hike and preemptive purchasing.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study empirically examined the relationship between energy-focused climate policies (EFC) and trade (TR) in 65 of the world's top renewable energy generation countries using data ranging from 1995 to 2022. The crosssectional augmented distributed lags (CS-DL) results revealed positive effects of EFC on both employment and economic growth. It also proves the positive effects of both employment and economic growth on trade. The Dumitrescu Hurlin test confirmed the feedback causality within indirect effects. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) allowed us to show that employment and economic growth mediate the EFC and TR. All the SEM results were robust due to the positive heterogeneous effects obtained from panel quantile regression. The results also confirmed the presence of heterogeneous effects of EFC and TR on clean energy poverty. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting more incentives, investment, and monitoring in renewable energy resource infrastructure, carbon finance, and energy efficiency to promote trade and reduce clean energy poverty in the long run.",
+        "output": "Energy-focused green climate policies and trade nexus:Do heterogeneous effects on clean energy poverty matter?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) An IndiGo (NS:INGL) passenger took to social media to express his frustration after enduring what he described as the \"worst flight experience\" of his life with the airline. On Friday, the 10 p.m. Kolkata-Bengaluru flight, normally a routine journey, turned into a nightmarish ordeal for the passenger marked by a series of delays, totlaling a staggering seven hours.The user named Deedy, in a series of posts on X, said: \"I had the worst flight experience of my life last night, with Indigo. My 10 PM Calcutta-Bangalore flight left at 4.41 AM, after 6 delays totaling 7 hrs. I missed an international flight. 'Always on-time' is false advertising from @IndiGo6E. I\u2019d avoid flying them again.\"According to the disgruntled passenger, IndiGo, despite facing delays exceeding six hours, failed to offer the mandatory alternate flight and refund as required by aviation laws.Deedy outlined the sequence of delays, ranging from half an hour to a staggering four hours, before the flight eventually departed at 4.41 a.m. arriving at its destination at 7.02 a.m.At approximately 12.20 AM, frustrated and realising the impact on his international connection, Deedy decided to cancel his IndiGo flight and book a direct flight to San Francisco. He claimed it took the IndiGo team an additional two hours, until 2.20 a.m., to cancel his flight and return his checked-in luggage.Deedy alleged that IndiGo employees initially resisted the cancellation, stating, \"we won't do cancellations\". Adding insult to injury, Deedy also said that the misleading information provided by some IndiGo employees who dismissed the delays as \"regulation procedure.\" Furthermore, he shared an encounter with a person who condescendingly advised him to keep \"at least TWELVE hours between flights\" for international travel.Deedy clarified that the delays were not due to fog, a common occurrence during December to February in India. While certain flights experience fog-related delays of approximately an hour, IndiGo's delays on this occasion were unrelated to adverse weather conditions.Expressing his frustration, he posted: \"Absolutely zero respect for other people's time and money.\"In response to the tweets, IndiGo issued a statement, expressing regret for the inconvenience caused to Deedy and assuring him of a full refund, which he would receive between 5-7 business days. The airline acknowledged the importance of travellers' arrangements and claimed that such experiences were not reflective of their intended level of service.--IANSssh/vd",
-        "output": "IndiGo passenger Deedy endured a 7-hour delay on a Kolkata-Bengaluru flight, missing an international connection due to the airline's failure to provide an alternate flight or refund as required by law.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Objective. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a sensitive tool for assessing breast cancer by analyzing tumor blood flow, but it requires gadolinium-based contrast agents, which carry risks such as brain retention and astrocyte migration. Contrast-free MRI is thus preferable for patients with renal impairment or who are pregnant. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of generating contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images and to evaluate the potential use of synthetic images in diagnosing breast cancer. Approach. This retrospective study included 322 women with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative DCE-MRI. A generative adversarial network (GAN) based postcontrast image synthesis (GANPIS) model with perceptual loss was proposed to generate contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images. The quality of the synthesized images was evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The diagnostic performance of the generated images was assessed using a convolutional neural network to predict Ki-67, luminal A and histological grade with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The patients were divided into training (n = 200), validation (n = 60), and testing sets (n = 62). Main results. Quantitative analysis revealed strong agreement between the generated and real postcontrast images in the test set, with PSNR and SSIM values of 36.210 +/- 2.670 and 0.988 +/- 0.006, respectively. The generated postcontrast images achieved AUCs of 0.918 +/- 0.018, 0.842 +/- 0.028 and 0.815 +/- 0.019 for predicting the Ki-67 expression level, histological grade, and luminal A subtype, respectively. These results showed a significant improvement compared to the use of precontrast images alone, which achieved AUCs of 0.764 +/- 0.031, 0.741 +/- 0.035, and 0.797 +/- 0.021, respectively. Significance. This study proposed a GAN-based MR image synthesis method for breast cancer that aims to generate postcontrast images from precontrast images, allowing the use of contrast-free images to simulate kinetic features for improved diagnosis.",
+        "output": "Generative adversarial network-based synthesis of contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images for predicting histological characteristics in breast cancer",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SHENZHEN, China - BYD Co (SZ:002594) Ltd, a global leader in the production of new energy vehicles, has announced the introduction of its Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy and the debut of the XUANJI Architecture, a new AI-driven platform for intelligent electric vehicles. The announcement was made during the BYD Dream Day 2024 event at the company's headquarters in Shenzhen.The XUANJI Architecture is designed to function as the vehicle's brain and neural network, combining electrification with advanced intelligence. It is capable of processing real-time changes in both the internal and external environments of the vehicle, enhancing safety and comfort for drivers.Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD, emphasized the significance of the Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy in shaping the future of vehicle intelligence and accelerating the transformation of the automotive industry. He also noted the company's leadership in China for L2-level intelligent driving deployment and its status as the first to receive an L3-level test license.BYD also introduced the XUANJI AI Large Model, a multimodal vehicular artificial intelligence system that boasts the industry's largest data foundation and computational power. It covers over 300 vehicular scenarios and is designed for continuous adaptation.In addition to these technological advancements, BYD revealed plans to invest 5B RMB ($750M) in constructing the world's first professional all-terrain test-driving sites across several cities in China. This move aims to promote Chinese automotive culture in the era of new energy vehicles.BYD, established in 1995 as a rechargeable battery maker, has grown into a diverse multinational high-tech company. It is actively involved in various sectors, including automobiles, rail transit, new energy, and electronics, and operates in over 70 countries and regions.The information in this article is based on a press release statement from BYD.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "BYD, a leading new energy vehicle producer, unveiled its Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy and XUANJI Architecture, an AI-driven platform for intelligent electric vehicles, at BYD Dream Day 2024. The XUANJI Architecture, designed as the vehicle's brain and neural network, combines electrification with advanced intelligence, enhancing safety and comfort for drivers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The years 1838-1924 in colonial India saw the first organized exodus of around 1.5 million. These emigrants were employed as indentured laborers in the various plantations owned by the Empire. Along with the people, what migrated were objects like clothes and jewelry. While some of these items were provided by the plantation regimes, others were brought by the emigrants. Though there have been studies about the lives on the plantations, the marine lives of the travelers and their personal belongings have been neglected. Objects such as clothes and jewelry not only have cultural significance but also form part of the emigrants' memory. This article critically analyses the usage of cultural artifacts as floating signifiers and how these artifacts are altered with a change of setting. Building on the ideas of Bhabha, Skinner, and others, this article aims to understand the role of material possessions in the lives of the plantation workers. The narratives discussed allow readers to witness changes in the role of materials like clothes and jewelry accompanying the emigrants on their voyage to the plantations.",
+        "output": "Costumes of the migrating body: A study of indentured labors' clothes and jewelry",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The pollution of antibiotics in aquatic environments has received extensive attention. Yet, research on antibiotic contamination in river-lake systems, a significant form of modern aquatic environments, still needs to be explored. This study focuses on the Chaohu Basin (China) investigating the occurrence characteristics, influencing factors, and risk assessments of antibiotics in the river-lake system. The total antibiotic concentrations in the water phase and sediment phase were 3.14-1887.49 ng/L and 0.92-1553.75 ng/g, respectively. Clindamycin was the predominant antibiotic in the water phase, whereas tetracycline prevailed in the sediment phase. Notable differences in concentration and structural composition of antibiotics between the tributaries (river system) and Chaohu Lake were observed, indicating the involvement of various geochemical processes in the attenuation of antibiotics during transport to the receiving lake. Spatial analysis suggested that the western river is the primary source of antibiotics in Chaohu Lake. Controlling nutrient influx in heavily polluted areas is crucial to addressing the escalating issue of antibiotic pollution in the river-lake system. The widespread occurrence of clindamycin in the waters is likely due to wastewater treatment plant discharges, and high-intensity human activities continue to exacerbate antibiotic contamination. Risk assessment indicated that sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, lincomycin, and clindamycin ranked in the top four with the highest risks to the most sensitive aquatic organisms. Nonetheless, the antibiotics presented no risk to consumer health. This study provides valuable insights for controlling antibiotic pollution in riverlake systems.",
-        "output": "Comprehensive insight into the occurrence characteristics, influencing factors and risk assessments of antibiotics in the Chaohu Basin",
+        "input": "While some people pore over the textbook and train through the classics of the field, many scientists come to immunology when they discover it intersecting with their first love interests. Five of these accidental immunologists tell us how they found their way to a fascination with the immune system.",
+        "output": "Many paths lead to immunology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) Siddhartha Khemka, Head, Retail Research, Motilal Oswal (NS:MOFS) Financial Services said that rally in the IT sector and a 19 per cent surge in India\u2019s net direct tax collection supported domestic equities to make new highs on Friday.\u201cNifty made a fresh all-time high of 21928 levels during the session and closed with handsome gains of 247 points (+1.1%) at 21894 levels,\u201d he said.He said that a sharp 5 per cent up-move was seen in the IT sector after TCS (NS:TCS) and  Infosys  (NS:INFY) surprised the streets with their better-than-expected Q3 results.\u201cNifty is now just 100 points away from crossing another milestone of 22k zone,\u201d he said.Deepak Jasani, Head of Retail Research, HDFC Securities said Nifty ended at record levels and extended the winning streak for the fourth consecutive session on January 12.He said that at close, Nifty was up 1.14 per cent or 247.4 points at 21894.6 and cash market volumes on the NSE ended at Rs.1.04 lakh cr.He said that broad market indices rose less than the Nifty even as the focus remained on largecap IT stocks, Bank stocks and Reliance (NS:RELI).\u201cAdvance decline ratio remained positive at 1.09:1,\u201d he said.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "On Friday, Nifty made a fresh all-time high of 21928 levels, supported by a rally in the IT sector and a 19% surge in India's net direct tax collection. Nifty closed with handsome gains of 247 points (+1.1%) at 21894 levels.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The archaeological site of Calicantone (Sicily, Italy) is known since the 1970s for its necropolis. In 2012, after a survey, archaeologists found close to the necropolis a bi-apsidal hut. The use-wear and technological analysis of the knapped lithic assemblage revealed the presence of artefacts crafted by specialists with advanced technical skills alongside expedient flake tool production. Some technological solutions, such as an obliquely-hafted long pressure-lever blade used as a sickle, are unprecedented for Sicily but find earlier comparisons in the east and north-west Mediterranean. This fact raises questions about the neolithisation in Sicily. Other solutions are novel and shed new light on the function of a particular tool typology, such as the bifacial cleaver used to scrape hides. Furthermore, the lithic assemblage exhibited peculiarities, such as the single functionality of the tools and their brief use, which could be correlated with communal funerary functions performed within the hut.",
+        "output": "Use-wear and Technological Analysis of the Knapped Lithic Assemblage from the Early Bronze Age Hut of Calicantone (Sicily, Italy)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Objectives: Studies suggest that melatonin may promote cardiovascular protection. Previous trials have primarily been performed on co -morbid patients. Little information exist on the effect in postmenopausal women with general good health. Design, participants and intervention: In a double -blinded placebo-controlled study, we randomized 41 postmenopausal women to either 10 mg melatonin per day or placebo for 3 months. Outcome measures: Outcomes of the trial was changes in blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and quality of sleep evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Thirty-nine women completed the study. Mean age was 63 years (range 55-75 years). Over the 3 months of the trial, PWV did not differ between groups: Placebo 1.1% (IQR -2.1;9.9) vs. melatonin 0.0% (IQR-9.8;4.1), p = 0.43). The were no significant differences in blood pressure bewteen melatonin and placebo group. Both groups had a pour quality of sleep at baseline (placebo: PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.3; 8.8) vs. melatonin PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.0; 10.0), p = 0.94), which did not change in response to treatment. Conclusion: In healthy postmenopausal women, supplementation with 10 mg melatonin was well-tolerated, but we did not observe any significant improvements in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure or quality of sleep compared with placebo.",
-        "output": "Effects of melatonin on blood pressure, arterial stiffness and quality of life in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza epidemics have a substantial public health and economic burden, which can be alleviated through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a 75% vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in: older adults (aged\u226565years), individuals with chronic conditions, pregnant women, children aged 6-24months and healthcare workers. However, no European country achieves this target in all risk groups. In this study, potential public health and economic benefits achieved by reaching 75% influenza VCR was estimated in risk groups across four European countries: France, Italy, Spain, and the UK.METHODS: A static epidemiological model was used to estimate the averted public health and economic burden of increasing the 2021/2022 season VCR to 75%, using the efficacy data of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine. For each country and risk group, the most recent data on population size, VCR, pre-pandemic influenza epidemiology, direct medical costs and absenteeism were identified through a systematic literature review, supplemented by manual searching. Outcomes were: averted influenza cases, general practitioner (GP) visits, hospitalisations, case fatalities, number of days of work lost, direct medical costs and absenteeism-related costs.RESULTS: As of the 2021/2022 season, the UK achieved the highest weighted VCR across risk groups (65%), followed by Spain (47%), France (44%) and Italy (44%). Based on modelling, the 2021/2022 VCR prevented an estimated 1.9 million influenza cases, avoiding 375,200 GP visits, 73,200 hospitalisations and 38,400 deaths. To achieve the WHO 75% VCR target, an additional 24 million at-risk individuals would need to be vaccinated, most of which being older adults and patients with chronic conditions. It was estimated that this could avoid a further 918,200 influenza cases, 332,000 GP visits, 16,300 hospitalisations and 6,300 deaths across the four countries, with older adults accounting for 52% of hospitalisations and 80% of deaths. An additional 84 million in direct medical costs and 79 million in absenteeism costs would be saved in total, with most economic benefits delivered in France.CONCLUSIONS: Older adults represent most vaccine-preventable influenza cases and deaths, followed by individuals with chronic conditions. Health authorities should prioritise vaccinating these populations for maximum public health and economic benefits.",
+        "output": "Public health and economic benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination in risk groups in France, Italy, Spain and the UK: state of play and perspectives.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Among the numerous studies on physical activity and sleep disorders, few have focused on physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged people who are particularly stressed. A restricted cubic web (RCS) technique was applied to determine whether physical activity and the self-rated prevalence of sleep disorders exhibit a dose-response relationship in middle-aged adults.METHODS: This study analyzed 8880 middle-aged adults aged 40-65 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults. Thereafter, the dose-response connection was examined using RCS.RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with MET values in the first quartile (Q1) had odds ratios (OR) for sleep disturbance of 0.851 (95% CI=0.745-0.973), 0.800 (95% CI=0.698-0.917), and 0.780 (95% CI=0.680-0.895) compared to subjects with MET values in the second, third, and fourth quartiles respectively. RCS regression showed a non-linear association between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults (non-linearity P=0.0382). Furthermore, the prevalence of sleep disorders in middle-aged adults decreased with increasing physical activity, reaching a minimum when weekly physical activity was around 166.27MET*h (OR=0.885, 95% CI=0.799-0.981).CONCLUSION: Our research demonstrates that physical activity was negatively associated with sleep disorders.",
-        "output": "Association between sleep disorders and physical activity in middle-aged Americans: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant tumor with low incidence. Currently, most studies have focused on the prognostic risk factors of MTC, whatever, time kinetic and risk factors related to calcitonin normalization (CN) and biochemical persistence/recurrence (BP) are yet to be elucidated.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for 190 MTC patients. Risk factors related to calcitonin normalization (CN) and biochemical persistence/recurrence (BP) were analyzed. The predictors of calcitonin normalization time (CNT) and biochemical persistent/recurrent time (BPT) were identified. Further, the prognostic roles of CNT and BPT were also demonstrated.RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year DFS were 86.7% and 70.2%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year OS were 97.6% and 78.8%, respectively. CN was achieved in 120 (63.2%) patients, whereas BP was presented in 76 (40.0%) patients at the last follow up. After curative surgery, 39 (32.5%) and 106 (88.3%) patients achieved CN within 1 week and 1 month. All patients who failed to achieve CN turned to BP over time and 32/70 of them developed structural recurrence. The median time of CNT and BPT was 1 month (1day to 84 months) and 6 month (3day to 63months), respectively. LNR>0.23 and male gender were independent predictors for CN and BP. LNR>0.23 (Hazard ratio (HR), 0.24; 95% CI,0.13-0.46; P<0.01) and male gender (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99; P=0.045) were independent predictors for longer CNT. LNR>0.23 (HR,5.10; 95% CI,2.15-12.11; P<0.01) was still the strongest independent predictor followed by preoperative serum Ctn>1400ng/L (HR,2.34; 95% CI,1.29-4.25; P=0.005) for shorter BPT. In survival analysis, primary tumor size>2cm (HR, 5.81; 95% CI,2.20-15.38; P<0.01), CNT>1 month (HR, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.17-27.61; P=0.031) and multifocality (HR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.45-6.65; P=0.004) were independent predictor of DFS.CONCLUSION: Early changes of Ctn after curative surgery can predict the long-term risks of biochemical and structural recurrence, which provide a useful real-time prognostic information. LNR significantly affect the time kinetic of biochemical prognosis. Tumor burden and CNT play a crucial role in MTC survival, the intensity of follow-up must be tailored accordingly.",
+        "output": "Time Kinetics and prognosis roles of calcitonin after surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) Founder and CEO SAS Online Shrey Jain on Monday said that the week has begun on a positive note as Sensex achieved a historic milestone -- surpassing 73,000 for the first time -- while Nifty has crossed 22,000 mark.He said that by the day's end, Sensex recorded a substantial gain of 759.48 points, equivalent to 1.05 per cent, closing at 73,327.94.He said that the Nifty experienced an increase of 202.90 points, or 0.93 per cent, settling at 22,097.45.Mandar Bhojane, Research Analyst, Choice Broking said that the benchmark indices concluded higher on January 15, with both Sensex and Nifty reaching new highs of 73,322 and 22,104, respectively, by the close of the session.He said that this surge was driven by a rally in IT stocks, propelled by December quarter results surpassing Street estimates.\u201cAnalysing the daily chart, the Nifty displayed a gap-up opening, followed by a sustained upward movement, forming a hammer candlestick pattern with significant volume,\u201d he said.He said that this pattern indicates a bullish momentum in the index.\u201cIt is anticipated that the Nifty could reach 22,300 in the next few sessions, particularly as the earnings season progresses into the second week,\u201d Mandar Bhojane said.Vaibhav Vidwani, Research Analyst, Bonanza Portfolio said that Tata consumer products saw a decline in its stock price following the announcement that it will gradually buy a 100 per cent share in Capital Foods, the firm that owns Ching's Secret and Smith & Jones and Organic India.\u201c100 per cent of Capital Foods has an enterprise value of Rs 5,100 crore. Although 75 per cent of the equity stake will be purchased all at once, the remaining 25 per cent will be purchased over the course of the following three years,\u201d Vaibhav Vidwani said.Wipro (NS:WIPR), ONGC (NS:ONGC),  HCL Technologies  (NS:HCLT),  Infosys  (NS:INFY) and  Bharti Airtel  (NS:BRTI) were the top gainers on the Nifty, while losers included HDFC Life,  Bajaj Finance  (NS:BJFN), Bajaj Finserv (NS:BJFS),  Hindalco Industries  (NS:HALC) and  Eicher Motors  (NS:EICH).--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "On Monday, Sensex surpassed 73,000 for the first time, while Nifty crossed 22,000, with IT stocks leading the rally due to strong December quarter results. Tata Consumer Products declined after announcing the acquisition of Capital Foods for Rs 5,100 crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In European painting, a transition took place where artists started to consciously introduce blurred or soft contours in their works. There may have been several reasons for this. One suggestion in art historical literature is that this may have been done to create a stronger sense of volume in the depicted figuresor objects. Here we describe four experiments in which we tried to test whether soft or blurred contours do indeed enhance a sense volume or depth. In the first three experiments, we found that, for both paintings and abstract shapes, three dimensionality was actually decreased instead of increased for blurred (and line) contours, in comparison with sharp contours. In the last experiment, we controlled for the position of the blur (on the lit or dark side) and found that blur on the lit side evoked a stronger impression of three dimensionality. Overall, the experiments robustly show that an art historical conjecture that a blurred contour increases three dimensionality is not granted. Because the blurred contours can be found in many established art works such as from Leonardo and Vermeer, there must be other rationales behind this use than the creation of a stronger sense of volume or depth.",
+        "output": "Vagueness and volume: Testing the perception of depth in images with linear, sharp, or blurred contours.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This work studies the challenges associated with capturing the movement of dance performers wearing traditional African masquerade garments, specifically focusing on the Eyo masquerade dance, a cultural heritage creation from Lagos, Nigeria, and discusses the crucial role the costume has in enhancing the overall performance. The work particularly investigates the capabilities and limitations of current motion capture technology in effectively capturing the movements of both the dancer and the costume, especially when the performer wears what we refer to as extreme clothing, such as full body costumes or heavy garments. To overcome these challenges, we employ a combination of motion capture technologies to precisely capture the movements of the performer both with and without the costume, while assessing their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we analyze the disparities in motion quality between these two scenarios to comprehend the influence of the costume on the overall performance. This research has led to the development of an efficient pipeline for digitizing and visualizing folk dances featuring intricate and bulky costumes. The findings of this study offer invaluable insights into the application of motion capture technology for acquiring the movements of performers, including the deformation of their costumes, in cultural heritage dances. As a final outcome of this work, we present a visually captivating animation showcasing an Eyo masquerade dance performance, underscoring the potential of motion capture technology as a tool for preserving and promoting cultural heritage dances.",
-        "output": "Digitizing traditional dances under extreme clothing: The case study of Eyo",
+        "input": "In political philosophy, reflective equilibrium is a standard method used to systematically reconcile intuitive judgments with theoretical principles. In this paper, we propose that survey experiments and a model selection method-i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)-based model selection method-can be viewed together as a methodological means of satisfying the epistemic desiderata implicit in reflective equilibrium. To show this, we conduct a survey experiment on two theories of distributive justice, prioritarianism and sufficientarianism. Our experimental test case and AIC-based model selection method demonstrate that the refined sufficientarian principle, a widely accepted principle of distributive justice, is no more plausible than the prioritarian principle. This tells us that some changes of certain intuitions revolving around sufficientarianism should be examined (separately) based on the findings of the survey experiment and AIC model selection. This shows the potential of our approach-both practically and methodologically-as a novel way of applying reflective equilibrium in political philosophy.",
+        "output": "Reflective equilibrium in practice and model selection: a methodological proposal from a survey experiment on the theories of distributive justice",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In recent years, the proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms on a global scale has been remarkable. Learners can now meet their learning demands with the help of MOOC. However, learners might not understand the course material well if they have access to a lot of information due to their inadequate expertise and cognitive ability. Personalized Recommender Systems (RSs), a cutting-edge technology, can assist in addressing this issue. It greatly increases resource acquisition through personalized availability for various people of all ages. Intelligent learning methods, such as machine learning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used in RS challenges. However, machine learning needs supervised data and classical RL is not suitable for multi-task recommendations in online learning platforms. To address these challenges, the proposed framework integrates a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and multi-agent approach. This adaptive system personalizes the learning experience by considering key factors such as learner sentiments, learning style, preferences, competency, and adaptive difficulty levels. We formulate the interactive RS problem using a DRL-based Actor-Critic model named DRR, treating recommendations as a sequential decision-making process. The DRR enables the system to provide top-N course recommendations and personalized learning paths, enriching the student's experience. Extensive experiments on a MOOC dataset such as the 100K Coursera course review validate the proposed DRR model, demonstrating its superiority over baseline models in major evaluation metrics for long-term recommendations. The outcomes of this research contribute to the field of e-learning technology, guiding the design and implementation of course RSs, to facilitate personalized and relevant recommendations for online learning students.",
-        "output": "An adaptable and personalized framework for top-N course recommendations in online learning.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The promotion of the latest medicines produced by the pharmaceutical industry is an important issue both from an ethical point of view (the level of accessibility, the way research is carried out) and from the point of view of marketing and especially from the lobbying issues raised.AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: The ethical dilemmas raised by the promotion of new drugs revolve between the need to discover new molecules important for treating a wide range of diseases and the need to establish a battery of ethical rules, absolutely necessary for regulations in the field to be compliant with all ethical principles.DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-2023) using combinations of keywords, including drugs, medical publicity, and pharma marketing plus ethical dilemma.ETHICS AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: The promotion of medicines is governed by advertising laws and regulations in many countries, including at EU level, based on the need for countries to ensure that the promotion and advertising of medicines is truthful, based on information understood by consumers. The ethical analysis of the issues raised is more necessary and complex as the channels used for promotion are more accessible to the population, and the information, easier to obtain, can be the cause of increased self-medication and overeating. Large amounts of money invested in the development of new molecules, but also the risk of scientific fraud through manipulation of data during clinical trials, selective or biased publication of information can have repercussions on the health of the population.CONCLUSIONS: The development of new pharmaceutical molecules is necessary to intervene and treat as many conditions as possible, but marketing must not neglect the observance of ethical principles. The promotion of medicines should be the attribute especially of the medical staff, which should also be a mandatory part of the mechanism for approving the marketing methods and means used by the pharmaceutical companies.",
+        "output": "Drug Promotions Between Ethics, Regulations, and Financial Interests.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The NBFC's asset under management (AUM) topped the Rs 3-trillion-mark at",
-        "output": "NBFC's asset under management (AUM) has crossed the Rs 3 trillion mark, indicating a significant growth in the sector.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Understanding the everyday manifestations of systemic racism, cisheteropatriarchy, and unequal justice for oppressed women and femmes necessitates meaningful engagement with critical law enforcement studies-the study of why and how policing and punishment takes place in carceral societies. Anne Gray Fischer's The Streets Belong to Us spells out why sexual policing matters for the history of political development, capitalist growth, and socioeconomic inequality in U.S. cities, like Boston, Atlanta, and Los Angeles. Ultimately, as Fischer's work affirms, urban law enforcement forces have routinely greased the wheels of punitive governance and state violence under the auspices of maintaining control over a contested and shifting social order.",
+        "output": "From Police Power to Police Practice",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of food delivery platform, Zomato, surged 4.3 per cent to Rs 119 apiece on the BSE on Wednesday after nearly 300 million shares changed hands on the counter in multiple block deals.At 10:15 AM, the shares were quoting 3.9 per cent higher at Rs 118.25.At 9:15 AM, around 297 million shares, representing 3.4 per cent stake in the company, changed hands at a price of Rs 112 apiece. Till the time of writing of this report, nearly 357 million shares had, cumulatively, changed hands on the counter on the NSE and BSE.According to areport, Alipay Singapore Holding has sold its entire 3.44 per cent stake in the company for $400 million (Rs 3,326 crore).The agency had reported on Tuesday that the Chinese firm could exit the food delivery platform at a floor price at Rs 111.28 per share. Post this transaction, there will be a 90-day lock-in period for the selling shareholder.Alipay\u2019s sister concern Antfin Singapore Holding, meanwhile, held another 6.39 per cent stake in Zomato at the end of the September 2023 quarter.In the July to September quarter, the consolidated net profit of Zomato stood at Rs 36 crore as against a consolidated net loss of Rs 251 crore in Q2FY23.The company had reported profit of Rs 2 crore in the previous quarter (Q1FY24).Operationally, the revenue grew 71.46 per cent to Rs 2,848 crore during the quarter under review against Rs 1,661 crore last year. In the previous quarter, it had reported revenue from operations of Rs 2,416 crore. This is a rise of 17.88 per cent.Blinkit, Zomato's quick commerce arm, once a cash-draining venture, found its stride in the quarter udner study. Its B2B venture, Hyperpure, and its going-out business are also on a healthy growth trajectory.In Q2FY24, Blinkit turned contribution positive for the first time ever. Its revenue increased to Rs 505 crore from Rs 384 crore in the previous quarter, while its gross order value (GOV) for the quarter was reported at Rs 2,760 crore, compared to Rs 2,140 crore a quarter ago. \"On a Y-o-Y basis, GOV growth was 86 per cent, as expected and in-line with the past. GOV growth was largely driven by same-store sales growth,\" said Albinder Dhindsa, CEO, Blinkit.",
-        "output": "Zomato shares surged 4.3% after Alipay Singapore Holding sold its entire 3.4% stake for $400 million, representing 297 million shares traded at Rs 112 apiece. The company's Q2FY24 revenue grew 71.46% to Rs 2,848 crore, with Blinkit turning contribution positive for the first time.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquitoborne orthobunyavirus in the California serogroup that circulates throughout Canada and the United States. Most JCV exposures result in asymptomatic infection or a mild febrile illness, but JCV can also cause neurologic diseases, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a case series of confirmed JCV-mediated neuroinvasive disease among persons from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2011-2016. We highlight the case definitions, epidemiology, unique features and clinical manifestations, disease seasonality, and outcomes for those cases. Two of the patients (from Quebec and Nova Scotia) might have acquired JCV infections during travel to the northeastern region of the United States. This case series collectively demonstrates JCV's wide distribution and indicates the need for increased awareness of JCV as the underlying cause of meningitis/meningoencephalitis during mosquito season.",
+        "output": "Case Series of Jamestown Canyon Virus Infections with Neurologic Outcomes, Canada, 2011-2016.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance Selection processes for surgical training should aim to identify candidates who will become competent independent practitioners and should aspire to high standards of reliability and validity. Objective To determine the association between measured candidate factors at the time of an Irish selection and assessment outcomes in surgical training, examined via rate of progression to Higher Specialist Training (HST), attrition rates, and performance as assessed through a multimodal framework of workplace-based and simulation-based assessments. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective observational cohort study included data from all successful applicants to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) national Core Surgical Training (CST) program. Participants included all trainees recruited to dedicated postgraduate surgical training from 2016 to 2020. These data were analyzed from July 11, 2016, through July 10, 2022. Exposures Selection decisions were based on a composite score that was derived from technical aptitude assessments, undergraduate academic performance, and a 4-station multiple mini-interview. Main outcomes and measures Assessment data, attrition rates, and rates of progression to HST were recorded for each trainee. CST performance was assessed using workplace-based and simulation-based technical and nontechnical skill assessments. Potential associations between selection and assessment measures were explored using Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and multiple linear-regression analyses. Results Data were available for 303 trainees. Composite scores were positively associated with progression to HST (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). There was a weak positive correlation, ranging from 0.23 to 0.34, between scores and performance across all CST assessments. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed technical aptitude scores at application were associated with future operative performance assessment scores, both in the workplace (beta = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48) and simulated environments (beta = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81). There was evidence that the interpersonal skills interview station was associated with future performance in simulated communication skill assessments (beta = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, performance at the time of Irish national selection, measured across technical and nontechnical domains in a multimodal fashion, was associated with future performance in the workplace and in simulated environments. Future studies will be required to explore the consequential validity of selection, including potential unintended effects of selection and ranking on candidate performance.",
-        "output": "Performance in Irish Selection and Future Performance in Surgical Training",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is considered to be a causal risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but whether there is an independent or joint association of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic plaque with ASCVD risk remains uncertain. This study aims to assess ASCVD risk independently or jointly conferred by Lp(a) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 5471 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease at baseline were recruited and followed up for ASCVD events (all fatal and nonfatal acute coronary and ischemic stroke events) over a median of 11.5years. Independent association of Lp(a), or the joint association of Lp(a) and carotid plaque with ASCVD risk, was explored using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 7.6% of the participants (60.0\u00b17.9years of age; 2649 [48.4%] men) had Lp(a) \u226550mg/dL, and 539 (8.4/1000 person-years) incident ASCVD events occurred. Lp(a) concentrations were independently associated with long-term risk of total ASCVD events, as well as coronary events and ischemic stroke events. Participants with Lp(a) \u226550mg/dL had a 62% higher risk of ASCVD incidence (95% CI, 1.19-2.21) than those with Lp(a) <10mg/dL, and they exhibited a 10-year ASCVD incidence of 11.7%. This association exists even after adjusting for prevalent plaque. Moreover, participants with Lp(a) \u226530mg/dL and prevalent plaque had a significant 4.18 times higher ASCVD risk than those with Lp(a) <30mg/dL and no plaque.CONCLUSIONS: Higher Lp(a) concentrations are independently associated with long-term ASCVD risk and may exaggerate cardiovascular risk when concomitant with atherosclerotic plaque.",
+        "output": "Independent Relationship of Lipoprotein(a) and Carotid Atherosclerosis With Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 16 (IANS) Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) has laid off more than 1,000 employees in the latest round of job cuts announced by the company, media reports said on Tuesday. The company laid off workers in several departments, including Google\u2019s hardware, central engineering teams, and Google Assistant.In an email sent to laid-off employees, it said that the decision was difficult and regretted informing them about the layoffs.The company has also mentioned that severance pay will be provided to eligible employees.Google also allowed workers to reapply for select opportunities in other departments, with those who fail to re-secure a position being required to leave the company in April, according to media reports.The email indicated that outplacement services would be provided to laid-off Google employees, along with state unemployment information.In January last year, Google cut its workforce by 12,000 people, or around 6 per cent of its full-time employees.The tech giant also made other job cuts to its recruiting and news divisions later in the year.Just two weeks into the New Year, at least 46 IT and tech companies (including startups) have laid off more than 7,500 employees and the number is growing by the day, as generative AI (GenAI) threatens millions of jobs.According to the latest data from layoff.fyi, a website that tracks tech sector job cuts, 46 tech companies laid off 7,528 employees (till January 14).--IANSshs/vd",
-        "output": "Google has laid off over 1,000 employees in hardware, engineering, and Google Assistant departments, citing the need for cost-cutting and efficiency. This follows previous layoffs in 2023, bringing the total number of job cuts to over 13,000.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study analyzes the relation between utterances and human activities with a view to determining how and under what conditions discourse-initial verbless utterances can be considered pragmatically, semantically, and grammatically complete. The study is empirically based on a set of observations of discourse-intital action-guiding verbless speech acts, which for a large part have been observed in a cognitive ethnographic field study of the activity of gliding. Using the concept of illocutionary acts and ecological value theory as an overarching framework, the analysis shows how discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials are enabled and constrained by the activity, i.e. the lawful constraints, the available affordances, the information that specify affordances, and the values that guide the activity. The analysis shows that a discourse-initial action-guiding subsentential is a response to a present or emerging discrepancy between the state of variation a current action causes and the state of variation that the values that guide the activity requires. The conventional effect and the contextual conditions for the effect of discourse-initial actionguiding subsententials is specified and provide the criteria for what constitutes a meaningful unit and thus also the criteria for semantic completeness. The semantic structure of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials is identified as a specification. On the basis of this semantic analysis, the grammatical patterns that realize this semantic unit is identified. It is a single-word focus construction. Based on this grammatical analysis, another more complex grammatical construction that realizes two communicative tasks is identified: a specification of an affordance and an indication of the condition for rightness of the action possibility. It is argued that this combination of communicative tasks is conducive to the performance of activities, and hence, may exert a functional pressure on the conventionalization of grammatical construction. In this way, it is shown how subsentential constructions can emerge from non-conversational, practical activities. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",
+        "output": "A little less conversation - On the completeness of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are excessive fat accumulations linked with many health problems, including heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Multiple studies have demonstrated that beliefs about overweight, obesity and self-efficacy play essential roles in the success of interventions for obesity management.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of university students of overweight and obesity using the health belief model (HBM) and to analyse their association with the body mass index (BMI) categories of the students.DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study and a multistage sampling technique were used to ensure the recruitment of students from selected colleges of Jazan University-Saudi Arabia.SETTING: Six colleges of Jazan University were randomly selected to ensure equal representation of health sciences, sciences and humanities colleges.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 579 students completed an online survey between January and April 2023.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were demographic characteristics and HBM constructs. Secondary outcome measures were behavioural intentions relating to obesity management.RESULTS: This study demonstrated that gender and self-reported family history of obesity were significantly correlated with the BMI categories of the students (p <0.001). Students in the underweight category showed the highest mean score for perceived severity (3.62 \u00b10.08). Perceived self-efficacy in exercise and diet was significantly associated with BMI categories, with adjusted ORs of 2.82 (2.10 to 3.79) and 1.51 (1.09 to 2.09), respectively. Perceived barriers to healthy eating and regular physical activity were significantly related to the behavioural intentions of obesity management. Multivariate logistic regression showed that perceived severity, perceived cues to action, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in dieting and exercise were significant predictors of behavioural intentions for the management of obesity.CONCLUSION: This study underscores the need for tailored health promotion strategies that consider the perceptions and beliefs of people about the management of obesity.",
-        "output": "Utilisation of the health belief model to study the behavioural intentions relating to obesity management among university students: a cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "This article investigates the ways in which late-nineteenth-century students at Northwestern University's Cumnock School of Oratory mobilised elocution training and parlour performance to foster mixed-gender public discourse. I use student publications to reconstruct parlour meetings in which women and men adapted traditions of conversational speech to allocate artistic and political participation equally across genders. Women expanded their expressive range and political aspirations, while men gained new understandings of manliness and women's rights. With the onset of muscular masculinity in the 1890s, oratory students reworked their performance culture into an act of campus resistance and a blueprint for social reform.",
+        "output": "'Expression is power': Gender, residual culture and political aspiration at the Cumnock School of Oratory, 1870-1900",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Developing a superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic mesh membrane using an economical and eco-friendly method is still challenging to achieve high efficiency for oily wastewater separation. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to fabricate superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic PVP/ZIF-8 coatings on stainless steel (SS) mesh using a low-cost and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The prepared PVP/ZIF8@SS mesh membrane exhibited remarkable self-cleaning and anti -oil -fouling properties, along with a strong chemical robustness in extreme environments. Additionally, the mesh membrane demonstrated strong antimicrobial ability and excellent corrosion resistance property. The mesh membrane also showed promising potential in gravitational oil -water separation and oil recovery, achieving a separation efficiency of 99.0% and a water flux of 3.8 x 103 L & sdot;m-2 & sdot;h-1 for rapeseed oil -water mixtures. Importantly, the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane maintained exceptional separation efficiency, high water flux, and underwater oleophobicity properties even after undergoing 35 cycles of oil -water separations. The oil -water separation mechanism of the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane suggested that the surface of the mesh membrane contained PVP/ZIF-8 particles with a significant negative charge. These particles preferentially interacted with positively charged water, facilitating the rapid passage of water phase through the pores, while impeding the permeation of negatively charged oil phase. This research provides an effective strategy for practical applications, including marine oil spill cleanup, oily wastewater treatment, and recycling of residual cooking oil in the restaurant industry.",
-        "output": "Durable polyvinylpyrrolidone superhydrophilic modified ZIF-8 mesh membrane for gravitational oil-water separation and oil recovery",
+        "input": "This historical note describes the book Primer in critical personalism: A framework for reviving psychological inquiry and for grounding a socio-cultural ethos by James T. Lamiell. The overriding purpose of this book is to introduce psychologists, other social scientists, and thoughtful laypersons to that comprehensive system of thought developed by the German philosopher and psychologist William Stern (1871-1938) under the name critical personalism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
+        "output": "Society for the History of Psychology news and notes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Gurugram, Jan 16 (IANS) The Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) said on Tuesday that no promoter should accept more than 10 per cent of the cost of a flat, plot or building as an advance payment or application fee.Following Section 13(1) of the RERA Act, 2016, and Rule 8 (1) of the Haryana Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Rules, 2017, all prospective and existing allottees are hereby informed by the Authority about the regulations governing the acceptance of advance payment or application fee for real estate projects.According to the RERA Act, 2016, no promoter should accept a sum exceeding 10 per cent of the cost of an apartment, plot or a building without a written agreement for sale and registration of the said agreement.The agreement for sale should specify various project particulars, payment details, possession dates and other relevant information as prescribed under the Act.Additionally, as per Rule 8(1) of The Haryana Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Rules, 2017, the agreement for sale will be as per Annexure \"A\", which can be accessed through the following link: Haryana RERA Rules 2017.\"All allottees are advised to take note of the aforementioned regulations when purchasing any unit/plot/apartment for residential/commercial/industrial/IT/any other usage,\" it said.--IANSstr/khz",
-        "output": "The Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) has stated that no promoter should accept more than 10% of the cost of a flat, plot, or building as an advance payment or application fee, as per Section 13(1) of the RERA Act, 2016, and Rule 8 (1) of the Haryana Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Rules, 2017.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.",
+        "output": "Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WORLDWIDE - Investors are displaying a record level of optimism over the possibility of Federal Reserve rate cuts, according to a recent Bank of America (NYSE:BAC) survey. The survey, which included fund managers overseeing assets worth $669 billion, revealed a shift in investment sentiment with a strong consensus expecting a decrease in short-term rates within the next twelve months. This optimism has led to an increase in cash holdings to 4.8%, as fund managers prepare for potential market volatility.The investment landscape is seeing notable trends, with a pivot towards commodities, cash, and real estate, seen as hedges against expected dips in bond yields. Healthcare and technology sectors are attracting significant investments, while UK equities are being approached with caution. Despite a change in focus from global dynamics to concerns over China's economic slowdown, bonds and the US economy are historically overweight in investment portfolios.Confidence among fund managers is on the rise, with over two-fifths not anticipating a recession in 2024. Geopolitical instability has emerged as a new area of concern, influencing investment decisions. Liquid asset reserves have reached their lowest point since spring 2021, signaling a move towards more aggressive stock market investments, which have hit their highest level since early 2022. While bond positions have seen a reduction, they still remain above the neutral threshold, with a preference for investments in real estate trusts, staple goods sectors, and raw materials.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Investors are optimistic about Federal Reserve rate cuts, with a record 4.8% cash holdings and a shift towards commodities, cash, and real estate as hedges against bond yield dips. Despite concerns over China's economic slowdown, bonds and the US economy remain overweight in portfolios, with confidence rising and geopolitical instability emerging as a new concern.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the simulation teaching of congenital malformations.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis between an experimental group that received traditional teaching supplemented with 3D printing model demonstrations and hands-on model operation, and a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Various parameters, including classroom interest, classroom interaction, learning enthusiasm, disease awareness, teaching satisfaction, and independent operation confidence, were assessed, along with theoretical and practical tests.RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in theoretical test scores between the two groups (91.92\u00b115.04 vs. 89.44\u00b114.89), but the practical test revealed a significantly higher number of qualified trainees in the experimental group compared to the control group (23 vs. 8). In terms of classroom engagement, both groups exhibited similar levels of interest (8.08\u00b11.52 vs. 8.74\u00b10.984), classroom interaction (7.88\u00b11.97 vs. 8.7\u00b11.33), learning enthusiasm (8.81\u00b11.021 vs. 8.52\u00b11.189), and disease awareness (8.58\u00b10.99 vs. 8.58\u00b10.99). However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher teaching satisfaction (8.81\u00b11.06 vs. 9.19\u00b10.96) and greater operation confidence (7.67\u00b12.56 vs. 5.5\u00b12.79) than the control group.CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized to create surgical teaching models, enhancing the confidence of standardized training doctors and improving teaching outcomes.",
+        "output": "Feasibility and impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in simulated teaching of congenital malformations.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Meta Platforms (NASDAQ:META) price target was lifted to $470 from $400 per share by Mizuho analysts in a note on Wednesday. The firm maintained a Buy rating on the stock. Analysts told investors that their firm's metrics deep dive suggests upside for the company in FY24, with three catalysts ahead for the tech giant. \"First, FY24 consensus revenue growth of 13% appears conservative against our expected 22% exit rate, considering drivers including improved monetization in Reels and FB Shops, and increased demand from Chinese e-commerce advertisers,\" analysts said. Secondly, the firm expects Meta's opex guidance to step down throughout FY24, consistent with historical trends, with leverage on headcount as the primary driver. \"Lastly, we view Messaging as an attractive optionality, and we estimate WhatsApp could incrementally increase Meta\u2019s revenue base by a third over time using AI to automate customer service,\" analysts concluded.",
-        "output": "Mizuho analysts raised Meta Platforms' price target to $470, citing expected revenue growth of 22% in FY24 driven by Reels, FB Shops, and Chinese e-commerce advertisers, as well as potential revenue growth from WhatsApp's AI-powered customer service.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Participation in arts, culture, and entertainment (PACE) activities may promote adolescent wellbeing. However, little is known about how such activities cluster together, and previous research has used small samples, cross-sectional designs, focused on single activities, and/or has not considered the influence of socio-demographic factors on participation. Using latent class analysis, the aims of this study were to establish: (i) classes of adolescent PACE activities; (ii) associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification; and, (iii) whether PACE classification predicts later wellbeing. Longitudinal data from the #BeeWell study (N = 18,224 adolescents; mean age at T1 = 12 years 7 months (+/- 3.56 months); 50.54% female) were analyzed. Four latent classes were established: the 'Dynamic Doers' (high, wide-ranging participation; 11.87%); the 'Mind and Body Crew' (reading, arts, videogames, sports/exercise; 39.81%); the 'Game and Gain Squad' (videogames and sports/exercise; 29.05%); and the 'Activity Free Adolescents' (uniformly low participation; 19.27%). Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification were observed (e.g., socio-economic disadvantage increased the likelihood of Activity Free Adolescents classification, compared to Game and Gain Squad classification). Finally, PACE classification predicted later wellbeing (e.g., Dynamic Doers reported significantly higher wellbeing than Activity Free Adolescents). These findings are discussed in relation to the need to improve accessibility and appeal of arts, culture, and entertainment provision for adolescents as a means to optimize their wellbeing.Pre-registration The analysis plan for this study was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework and can be found here: https://osf.io/2jtpd",
+        "output": "Do Patterns of Adolescent Participation in Arts, Culture and Entertainment Activities Predict Later Wellbeing? A Latent Class Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the health and economic outcomes of a PCV13 or PCV15 age-based (65years-and-above) vaccination program in Switzerland.INTERVENTIONS: The three vaccination strategies examined were:Target population: All adults aged 65years-and-above. Perspective(s): Switzerland health care payer.TIME HORIZON: 35years. Discount rate: 3.0%. Costing year: 2023 Swiss Francs (CHF).STUDY DESIGN: A static Markov state-transition model.DATA SOURCES: Published literature and publicly available databases or reports.OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumococcal diseases (PD) i.e., invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP); total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (CHF/QALY gained).RESULTS: Using an assumed coverage of 60%, the PCV15 strategy prevented a substantially higher number of cases/deaths than the PCV13 strategy when compared to the No vaccination strategy (1,078 IPD; 21,155 NBPP; 493 deaths). The overall total QALYs were 10,364,620 (PCV15), 10,364,070 (PCV13), and 10,362,490 (no vaccination). The associated overall total costs were CHF 741,949,814 (PCV15), CHF 756,051,954 (PCV13) and CHF 698,329,579 (no vaccination). Thus, the PCV13 strategy was strongly dominated by the PCV15 strategy. The ICER of the PCV15 strategy (vs. no vaccination) was CHF 20,479/QALY gained. In two scenario analyses where the vaccine effectiveness for serotype 3 were reduced (75% to 39.3% for IPD; 45% to 23.6% for NBPP) and NBPP incidence was increased (from 1,346 to 1,636/100,000), the resulting ICERs were CHF 29,432 and CHF 13,700/QALY gained, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the qualitative results-the estimated ICERs for the PCV15 strategy (vs. No vaccination) were all below CHF 30,000/QALYs gained.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that using PCV15 among adults aged 65years-and-above can prevent a substantial number of PD cases and deaths while remaining cost-effective over a range of inputs and scenarios.",
-        "output": "Evaluating the health and economic outcomes of a PCV15 vaccination program for adults aged 65years-and-above in Switzerland.",
+        "input": "Aflatoxins from the fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) that contaminate stored peanuts is a major hazard to human health worldwide. Reducing A. flavus in soil can decrease the risk of aflatoxins in stored peanuts. In this experiment, we determined whether peanuts grown on soil fumigated with dazomet (DZ), metham sodium (MS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chloropicrin (PIC) or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) would reduce of the quantity of A. flavus and its toxin's presence. The results of bioassays and field tests showed that PIC was the most effective fumigant for preventing and controlling A. flavus, followed by MS. PIC and MS applied to the soil for 14 d resulted in LD50 values against A. flavus of 3.558 and 4.893mgkg-1, respectively, leading to almost 100% and 98.82% effectiveness of A. flavus, respectively. Peanuts harvested from fumigated soil and then stored for 60 d resulted in undetectable levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compared to unfumigated soil that contained 0.64ugkg-1 of AFB1, which suggested that soil fumigation can reduce the probability of aflatoxin contamination during peanut storage and showed the potential to increase the safety of peanuts consumed by humans. Further research is planned to determine the practical value of our research in commercial practice.",
+        "output": "The potential for reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored peanuts by soil disinfection.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cultural soil heritages (CSHs) are artifacts with historical, artistic, and scientific significance; however, they are vulnerable to various hazards, such as weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies. This is especially true for those CSHs exposed to the outdoors. Due to the large number of CSHs sites within China, managing and protecting these heritages with the aid of detailed on-site investigations is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, evaluating the spatial distribution and degree of hazards developed in all these heritages becomes impractical. To address this issue, this paper developed a Gaussian process classification (GPC) method to predict the spatial distribution of typical hazards (i.e., weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies) and the development level of each hazard from eight environmental factors (e.g., annual relative humidity and annual sunshine time) and a limited number of investigation data. As the number of investigation data for different levels of each hazard is usually imbalanced and sparse, this study proposed a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with GPC to form the SMOTE-GPC method. A real-world example is used to illustrate this approach. Results from real-world data demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F 1 score, precision, recall, and Cohen's kappa with values greater than 0.93 in both the training and testing datasets, indicating its good performance. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Probabilistic evaluation of cultural soil heritage hazards in China from extremely imbalanced site investigation data using SMOTE-Gaussian process classification",
+        "input": "This work presents the results of the characterisation of the mortars used to build the vaults of the choir and a transverse arch in the nave of Notre-Dame de Paris. The aim is to highlight the mixes used and technological choices made by the builders at the end of the 12th century. A multi-analytical approach made it possible to characterise the binders, aggregates, particle size distributions and the physical and chemical properties of about thirty samples. They lead to the definition of mortar mix equivalent to medieval ones. First investigations conducted on the fresh mortar show its ability to erect an arch or the panels of the vaults and validate the mortar mix proportions. These results will sufficiently support the ongoing project on the reconstitution of compatible mortars as well as on modelling the structural comportment of the edifice. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Physicochemical characterisation of the mortars from Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral - Preliminary findings and reconstitution of the fresh mix",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN MATEO, Calif. - AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: ACRX), a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced its rebranding to Talphera, Inc. (\"Talphera\"). The rebranding aims to reflect the company's expanded focus on developing therapies for medically supervised settings beyond acute pain management. Along with the name change, Talphera will start trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the new ticker symbol \"TLPH\" starting Wednesday, January 10, 2024.The company's strategic shift is underscored by its lead product candidate, Niyad, which is being studied as an anticoagulant for extracorporeal circuits and has been granted FDA Breakthrough Designation. Talphera's NEPHRO CRRT Study, a Phase 3 trial for Niyad, has received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and will soon enroll its first patient. The trial aims to evaluate Niyad's effectiveness in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy who cannot tolerate heparin or are at risk for bleeding. A Premarket Approval (PMA) submission for Niyad is anticipated in the second half of 2024.CEO Vince Angotti emphasized the company's commitment to advancing care in medically supervised settings, stating that the rebranding to Talphera marks a new era with a broader mission. Talphera is also developing two pre-filled syringes, Fedsyra and PFS-02, in-licensed from partner Aguettant.Nafamostat, the active ingredient in Niyad, has shown potential in various therapeutic areas, including anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory treatments, and is being investigated for anti-viral applications.The company's transformation from AcelRx to Talphera is presented as a strategic evolution, with the new name derived from \"Talisman\" to signify leadership in a new pharmaceutical era.The information in this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "AcelRx Pharmaceuticals rebrands as Talphera, Inc. (TLPH) to reflect its expanded focus on developing therapies for medically supervised settings beyond acute pain management, with its lead product candidate Niyad being studied as an anticoagulant for extracorporeal circuits. Talphera's NEPHRO CRRT Study, a Phase 3 trial for Niyad, has received IRB approval and will soon enroll its first patient.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are excessive fat accumulations linked with many health problems, including heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Multiple studies have demonstrated that beliefs about overweight, obesity and self-efficacy play essential roles in the success of interventions for obesity management.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of university students of overweight and obesity using the health belief model (HBM) and to analyse their association with the body mass index (BMI) categories of the students.DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study and a multistage sampling technique were used to ensure the recruitment of students from selected colleges of Jazan University-Saudi Arabia.SETTING: Six colleges of Jazan University were randomly selected to ensure equal representation of health sciences, sciences and humanities colleges.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 579 students completed an online survey between January and April 2023.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were demographic characteristics and HBM constructs. Secondary outcome measures were behavioural intentions relating to obesity management.RESULTS: This study demonstrated that gender and self-reported family history of obesity were significantly correlated with the BMI categories of the students (p <0.001). Students in the underweight category showed the highest mean score for perceived severity (3.62 \u00b10.08). Perceived self-efficacy in exercise and diet was significantly associated with BMI categories, with adjusted ORs of 2.82 (2.10 to 3.79) and 1.51 (1.09 to 2.09), respectively. Perceived barriers to healthy eating and regular physical activity were significantly related to the behavioural intentions of obesity management. Multivariate logistic regression showed that perceived severity, perceived cues to action, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in dieting and exercise were significant predictors of behavioural intentions for the management of obesity.CONCLUSION: This study underscores the need for tailored health promotion strategies that consider the perceptions and beliefs of people about the management of obesity.",
+        "output": "Utilisation of the health belief model to study the behavioural intentions relating to obesity management among university students: a cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO - In the latest stock market updates, Canadian financial and energy sectors experienced mixed results. Shares of the Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE:RY) saw a slight uptick, while TC Energy Corporation (NYSE:TRP) experienced a minor decrease. In contrast, Barrick Gold Corporation (NYSE:NYSE:GOLD) faced a significant drop in its share price.Royal Bank of Canada's stock value rose modestly by 0.26% to close at $132.80. The bank's shares were actively traded, with a volume reaching approximately 11 million. This subtle gain reflects a stable trading day for the bank.Meanwhile, TC Energy Corporation, a major energy company, saw its stock value dip by a narrow margin of 0.11%, ending the day at $53.30. The trading volume for TC Energy was reported at 7 million shares, indicating a relatively calm day for the company's stock.In stark contrast, Barrick Gold Corporation, one of the world's largest gold mining companies, witnessed a sharp decline in its share price. Barrick Gold's shares plummeted by 8.8%, closing at $21.55. The significant drop was accompanied by a considerable trading volume of 6.5 million shares, highlighting a rough trading session for the gold mining giant.On the other hand, Toronto-Dominion Bank (NYSE:TD) shares fell by 1.28%, closing at $80.44, with over 9 million shares changing hands. The decrease marks a notable move for one of Canada's leading banking institutions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Royal Bank of Canada's stock rose slightly by 0.26% to $132.80, while TC Energy Corporation's stock dipped by 0.11% to $53.30. Barrick Gold Corporation faced a significant drop of 8.8% to $21.55, with a trading volume of 6.5 million shares.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Depression is prevalent among Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans, yet rates of Veteran mental health care utilization remain modest. The current study examined: factors in electronic health records (EHR) associated with lack of treatment initiation and treatment delay; the accuracy of regression and machine learning models to predict initiation of treatment.METHODS: We obtained data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). EHR data were extracted for 127,423 Veterans who deployed to Iraq/Afghanistan after 9/11 with a positive depression screen and a first depression diagnosis between 2001 and 2021. We also obtained 12-month pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis patient data. Retrospective cohort analysis was employed to test if predictors can reliably differentiate patients who initiated, delayed, or received no mental health treatment associated with their depression diagnosis.RESULTS: 108,457 Veterans with depression, initiated depression-related care (55,492 Veterans delayed treatment beyond one month). Those who were male, without VA disability benefits, with a mild depression diagnosis, and had a history of psychotherapy were less likely to initiate treatment. Among those who initiated care, those with single and mild depression episodes at baseline, with either PTSD or who lacked comorbidities were more likely to delay treatment for depression. A history of mental health treatment, of an anxiety disorder, and a positive depression screen were each related to faster treatment initiation. Classification of patients was modest (ROC AUC=0.59 95%CI=0.586-0.602; machine learning F-measure=0.46).CONCLUSIONS: Having VA disability benefits was the strongest predictor of treatment initiation after a depression diagnosis and a history of mental health treatment was the strongest predictor of delayed initiation of treatment. The complexity of the relationship between VA benefits and history of mental health care with treatment initiation after a depression diagnosis is further discussed. Modest classification accuracy with currently known predictors suggests the need to identify additional predictors of successful depression management.",
+        "output": "Predictive modeling of initiation and delayed mental health contact for depression.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Bengaluru, Jan 17 (IANS) Driven by a surge in travel, there has been a 50 per cent surge in hiring for tourism and hospitality jobs between December 2022 and 2023 in India, according to a report on Wednesday.The report by Indeed, a global hiring and matching platform, also revealed that blue-collar hiring in the tourism and hospitality industry witnessed an overall 8 per cent increase.The rise not only signals a noteworthy post-pandemic recovery but also reflects a promising future for the industry while underscoring the job market's adaptability and resilience in the face of evolving global trends.The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)\u2019s Economic Impact Research predicted India to become the third most influential market in the Travel and Tourism industry globally.As per Indeed\u2019s data, hiring in the tourism industry peaked in October 2023 with a 61 per cent rise as compared to December 2022.This can be attributed to multiple reasons such as October being a popular time for tourism owing to weather changes propagating hill station visits, festive season and more.Top cities leading the upsurge in hiring include Delhi NCR (23 per cent) Mumbai (5.19 per cent), Bengaluru (6.78 per cent).Overall, these cities take the lead in a variety of tourism-related industries by leveraging their distinct commercial, technological, and cultural advantages.Other cities, including Pune (2.33 per cent) and Kochi (2.41 per cent), also contributed significantly to the increase.\u201cAs we approach National Tourism Day, we must recognise the favorable employment outlook and honour the vibrant spirit of exploration, cross-cultural exchange, and economic advancement owing to the increased hiring prospects,\u201d said Sashi Kumar, Head of Sales at Indeed, in a statement.\"This rise across cities reflects their adaptability and the economic growth that the tourism sector brings to the workforce,\" he added.The hospitality and tourism industry has also noted a shift in the priorities of travellers in 2023 with factors like sustainability and hygiene coming to the forefront.Travellers are now more specific about their itineraries and aim for reduction of energy consumption during their travel, by embracing nature and enjoying local experiences.Automation has also entered certain areas where many are indulging in virtual reality tours and booking tickets via chatbots. The tourism sector is shaping as per these new patterns and job creation is taking place accordingly, the report said.--IANSrvt/dpb",
-        "output": "India's tourism and hospitality industry has witnessed a 50% surge in hiring between December 2022 and 2023, driven by increased travel and a shift in traveler priorities towards sustainability and hygiene. Blue-collar hiring in the industry has also increased by 8%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "To evaluate the effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) status or severity on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among diabetic older adults in the United States using the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) follow-up mortality data. The severity of DR was graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grading scale. Multiple covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, Fine and Gray competing risk regression models, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were used to assess the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes. All analyses adopted the weighted data and complex stratified design approach proposed by the NHANES guidelines. Time to death was calculated based on the time between baseline and date of death or December 31, 2019, whichever came first. Ultimately 1077 participants, representing 3,025,316 US non-hospitalized individuals with diabetes, were included in the final analysis. After a median follow-up of 12.24years (IQR, 11.16-13.49), 379 participants were considered deceased from all-causes, with 43.90% suffering from DR, including mild DR (41.50%), moderate to severe DR (46.77%), and proliferative DR (PDR) (67.21%). DR was associated with increased all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM)-specific mortality, which remained consistent after propensity score matching (PSM). Results of DR grading assessment suggested that the presence of mild, moderate to severe NPDR was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality, while the presence and severity of any DR was associated with increased DM-specific mortality, with a positive trend. The presence of DR in elderly individuals with diabetes is significantly associated with the elevated all-cause and CVD mortality. The grading or severity of DR may reflect the severity of cardiovascular disease status and overall mortality risk in patients with diabetes.",
+        "output": "Association of diabetic retinopathy on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Seoul, Jan 12 (IANS) Accumulative sales of eco-friendly vehicles produced by Hyundai Motor and Kia, South Korea's leading automakers, are expected to exceed 1 million units in the first quarter, the companies said on Friday.Accumulative sales of eco-friendly units of Hyundai and Kia combined had amounted to 946,962 units as of the end of 2023. They are expected to surpass the 1 million mark in the January-March period, Hyundai and Kia officials said.Last year, the companies sold 278,122 eco-friendly cars, including electric vehicles and hybrids, combined in the United States, representing a 52.3 percent sales growth from 2022, reports Yonhap news agency.According to company officials, Hyundai and Kia's combined market share of eco-friendly vehicles in the U.S. stayed above the 20 percent mark for three consecutive years since 2021.Hyundai and Kia also said they aim to strengthen sales of premium car models, such as Hyundai's independent luxury brand Genesis, as well as recreational vehicle models.Accumulative sales of Genesis models, in particular, in the U.S. are likely to surpass the 300,000 unit mark in the third quarter, company officials said.--IANS",
-        "output": "Hyundai and Kia's combined eco-friendly vehicle sales are projected to surpass 1 million units in Q1, with a 52.3% growth in the US in 2023, driven by strong demand for electric vehicles and hybrids. The companies aim to boost sales of premium and recreational vehicle models, with Genesis sales in the US expected to exceed 300,000 units in Q3.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The discovery of a specific form of Late Neolithic object in northeast Poland, commonly interpreted as reed arrowshaft straighteners, prompted investigation into the possible use of reed for archery in the European past. To examine the archery qualities of this raw material, and thus the likely rationale behind the manufacture and use of reed arrowshafts, a number of mechanical and experimental analyses were conducted. The results presented here indicate that reed was well suited for prehistoric archery. This is demonstrated above all by the arrowshaft stiffness required by this discipline, defined as the spine-force, but also both the technological ease of production of arrows and their ballistic capabilities.",
+        "output": "Investigating the potential of using reed (Phragmites) arrowshafts in prehistoric Europe through mechanical and experimental research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Europe and North America are the 2largest recipients of international migrants from low-resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high-income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations. Cardiometabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors are important contributors to their increased CVD risk. However, despite these common denominators, there are important ethnic differences in the propensity to develop CVD that relate to pre- and postmigration factors, such as socioeconomic status, cultural factors, lifestyle, psychosocial stress, access to health care and health care usage. Some of these pre- and postmigration environmental factors may interact with genetic (epigenetics) and microbial factors, which further influence their CVD risk. The limited number of prospective cohorts and clinical trials in migrant populations remains an important culprit for better understanding pathophysiological mechanism driving health differences and for developing ethnic-specific CVD risk prediction and care. Only by improved understanding of the complex interaction among human biology, migration-related factors, and sociocultural determinants of health influencing CVD risk will we be able to mitigate these differences and truly make inclusive personalized treatment possible.",
-        "output": "International Migration and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling the Disease Burden Among Migrants to North America and Europe.",
+        "input": "Submissions on enforcement matters (SEMs) allow civil society members to assert that one party to a free trade agreement (FTA) is failing to enforce its domestic environmental laws. Submissions that survive every step of the SEM process result in a 'factual record' prepared by a secretariat on enforcement matters. Relying on qualitative comparative analysis and an original dataset compiling the 158 SEMs submitted under the framework of US FTAs, I investigate what conditions make submissions more likely to succeed in leading to a factual record. I find that the existence of previous submissions dealing with the same facts, submissions against developing countries, and the presence of at least one non-governmental organization as a submitter contribute to a submission's success, but only in conjunction with other conditions and for a limited number of cases. This result provides overall evidence that secretariats' decisions are unbiased by the factors examined in this paper.",
+        "output": "Searching for a recipe for success: environmental citizen petitions under free trade agreements",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The current market price for NIFTY 50 stands at 19,230.60. In the near term, the index has displayed a notable bounce from the 200-day Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), indicating a bullish sentiment. However, challenges lie ahead, particularly in the form of resistance levels.According to the near-term Exponential Moving Averages (EMA), stiff resistance is anticipated between 19,350 and 19,450. This range aligns with the cluster of EMAs spanning 10, 25, 50, and 60 days, which converges around 19,450. Hence, 19,450 becomes a crucial level to monitor closely. A close above this level could pave the way for further upward movements, targeting 19,700 and 19,900 in the near term.Technical indicators, including the Relative Strength Index (RSI), are showing a positive trend, supporting the bullish sentiment. Additionally, smaller time-frame EMAs are trending upwards, reinforcing the optimistic outlook. Considering these factors, the recommended trading strategy for traders this week is to buy on dips or near the suggested support levels placed at 19,175 and 19,025. Implementing a strict stop loss at 18,900 is advised, ensuring risk management in case of unexpected market fluctuations. By aligning their trades with these levels and technical indicators, traders can strategically position themselves to capitalize on potential market movements.The current market price for the Nifty Bank Index is 43,318.25. The trend in the near term is decidedly bullish and is expected to be stronger than Nifty, primarily due to the recent pause in the index's correction at a robust support level, followed by a bounce. This correction is viewed as a pullback within the broader bullish trend, offering excellent buying opportunities for investors and traders alike.It's crucial to recognize that the short-term outlook remains bullish on the charts. The recent correction served as a pullback, creating advantageous entry points for those looking to invest or buy into the index and its constituents.Traders are advised to keep a keen eye on the 44,000 level. A close above this mark might initiate a significant rally in the near term, potentially leading to new all-time highs once more. Various technical indicators, including RSI, Stochastic, EMA's, and SMA's, are aligning favorably with this bullish trend.To manage risks effectively, traders and investors are encouraged to implement a strict stop loss at 42,100. Consequently, the optimal trading strategy for market participants would be to buy on dips or at the current market price (CMP). This approach leverages the current market dynamics, allowing individuals to capitalize on the ongoing bullish trend while mitigating potential losses through strategic risk management.",
-        "output": "NIFTY 50 faces resistance at 19,450, with support at 19,175 and 19,025; Nifty Bank Index remains bullish, with a target of 44,000 and support at 42,100.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves the prognosis after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection. However, previous studies have shown that a large proportion of patients do not receive or complete AC. This national study examined the risk factors for the omission or interruption of AC.METHODS: Data of all patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for PDAC in France between January 2012 and December 2017 were extracted from the French National Administrative Database. We considered omission of adjuvant chemotherapy (OAC) all patients who failed to receive any course of gemcitabine within 12 postoperative weeks and interruption of AC (IAC) was defined as less than 18 courses of AC.RESULTS: A total of 11 599 patients were included in this study. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was the most common procedure (76.3%), and 31% of the patients experienced major postoperative complications. OACs and IACs affected 42% and 68% of the patients, respectively. Ultimately, only 18.6% of the cohort completed AC. Patients who underwent surgery in a high-volume centers were less affected by postoperative complications, with no impact on the likelihood of receiving AC. Multivariate analysis showed that age\u226580years, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)\u22654, and major complications were associated with OAC (OR=2.19; CI95%[1.79-2.68]; OR=1.75; CI95%[1.41-2.18] and OR=2.37; CI95%[2.15-2.62] respectively). Moreover, age\u226580 years and CCI 2-3 or\u22654 were also independent risk factors for IAC (OR=1.54, CI95%[1.1-2.15]; OR=1.43, CI95%[1.21-1.68]; OR=1.47, CI95%[1.02-2.12], respectively).CONCLUSION: Sequence surgery followed by chemotherapy is associated with a high dropout rate, especially in octogenarian and comorbid patients.",
+        "output": "Adjuvant chemotherapy omission after pancreatic cancer resection: a French nationwide study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "So far in November, the stock of the Tata Group firm, which operates a portfolio of retail concepts, has outperformed the market by suring 24 per cent on healthy September quarter (Q2FY24) earnings. In comparison, the benchmkar index gained 4.5 per cent during the month.A sharp run up in the stock price has led the market capitalisation (market cap) of Trent closer towards the Rs",
-        "output": "Trent, a Tata Group retail firm, has outperformed the market in November with a 24% surge in stock price, driven by strong Q2FY24 earnings, while the benchmark index gained only 4.5%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Notre-Dame de Paris fire offers anthropologists in the field of critical heritage studies a rich opportunity for fieldwork and conceptual innovation. This paper examines the social repercussions of a monument's destruction, ranging from emotional responses and public involvement to local and global consequences. The paper also includes the project lines of a broader comparative survey on reactions to the destruction of cultural heritage. A team of social scientists created a comparative grid in order to describe and analyze a series of case studies: Notre-Dame de Paris (France, fire in 2019), the National Museum (Brazil, fire in 2018), Notre-Dame de la Merci (France, fire in 2017), and Coventry Cathedral (UK, bombed in 1940 during WWII). The comparative grid is as follows: - Practices and Reactions: Emotion and Mobilization Regimes Heritage disasters provoke a wide range of privately and collectively expressed reactions that frame these events as a social construction. How do citizens and institutions navigate the outpouring of emotion elicited by the destruction of a monument? - Consequences: The Nature of Heritage Items and Their Social Impact Laypersons and authorities assign different meanings to heritage items according to their cultural and political significance and material and intangible features. How does such representations of a ravaged monument influence its reconstruction process and future relevance? - The Social Fabrication of Memory and Narrative The destruction of a heritage object rapidly triggers a series of narratives, including legal documents and authorities' statements, that constitute a textual memory of the disaster. What standards define catastrophe narratives, and what do their retellings of the event reveal or obscure? - Heritage in Crisis: Catastrophe as Social Construction of Heritage Fragility Heritage is by nature fragile and requires continuous preservation. How does the destruction of monuments galvanize collective representations of the endangerment of heritage? - Temporality and Spatiality: Catastrophe as an Event in Time and Space Although the destruction event is often short-lived and localized, it reveals enduring values and concepts of past and future, as well as geographic place. How are temporality and spatiality reimagined after the loss of a heritage object? - The Right to Heritage: Reconstruction, Citizenship, and Cultural Policies Although often conceptualized as isolated events, the destruction of heritage objects is deeply embedded in their economic, cultural, and social context. What do the destruction and reconstruction of heritage reveal about power dynamics and economic inequalities? - The Limits of Reflexivity: Researchers as Actors Facing the Politics of Mourning As researchers, balancing personal commitment with heritage and ethical scientific inquiry is crucial to sound analysis and to the validity of research results. How should scholars simultaneously manage the experience of and the study of emotional responses such as rage or grief? This paper illustrates these points using vignettes from selected case studies. The project is part of the working group EMOBI, a broader ethnographic project on collective emotions and mobilization following the Paris cathedral fire (social sciences working group of Chantier Scientifique Notre-Dame , supported by the CNRS and the Ministry of Culture). The goal is to provide a comparative study of the stakes and repercussions of devastated heritage. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Mourning, reconstruction, and the future after heritage catastrophes: A comparative social science perspective agenda",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO -   Seabridge Gold   (NYSE:SA) Inc. (TSX: SEA) (NYSE: SA), a company specializing in gold projects, has recently applied for Substantially Started Status for its KSM Project in British Columbia through its subsidiary, KSM Mining ULC. This application to the British Columbia Environment Assessment Office (BC EAO) is a strategic step to ensure the continuation of the project beyond its current Environmental Assessment Certificate (EAC) deadline of July 29, 2026.The KSM Project, known for holding the third largest undeveloped copper resource globally as well as the largest gold resource, is seen as a significant contributor to British Columbia and Canada's shift towards a greener economy. Copper is recognized as a critical mineral in this transition.Since Seabridge's acquisition of the KSM Project in 2001, the company has invested over $997M, with $805M spent post-EAC issuance in July 2014. More specifically, since 2021, when early construction activities began, $444M has been directed towards constructing permanent infrastructure essential for operating the planned multi-generational mine.Rudi Fronk, the Chairman and CEO of Seabridge, highlighted the progress made at the KSM site, including the development of roads, bridges, living facilities, hydroelectric power infrastructure, and fish habitat compensation projects. He praised the local workforce, contractors, and indigenous partners for exceeding the company's expectations and acknowledged the financial support from Sprott Resource Streaming and Royalty Corp. and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, which provided $375M in funding.The application is backed by support from various stakeholders, including the Nisga'a Nation, the Gitxsan Hereditary Chiefs office, BC Hydro, and municipal leaders from the region.Seabridge Gold, with a portfolio of assets in North America, holds a 100% interest in several projects, including the KSM and Iskut projects in Northwest British Columbia's \"Golden Triangle,\" the Courageous Lake project in the Northwest Territories, the Snowstorm project in Northern Nevada's Getchell Gold Belt, and the 3 Aces project in the Yukon Territory.This news is based on a press release statement and does not include any endorsements of claims.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Seabridge Gold has applied for Substantially Started Status for its KSM Project in British Columbia, which holds the third largest undeveloped copper resource globally and the largest gold resource. Since acquiring the project in 2001, Seabridge has invested over $997M, including $444M since 2021 for constructing permanent infrastructure.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: To undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis of restorative treatments for a first permanent molar with severe molar incisor hypomineralization from the perspective of the Brazilian public system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two models were constructed: a one-year decision tree and a ten-year Markov model, each based on a hypothetical cohort of one thousand individuals through Monte Carlo simulation. Eight restorative strategies were evaluated: high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC);encapsulated GIC; etch and rinse adhesive+composite; self-etch adhesive+composite;preformed stainless steel crown; HVGIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite; HVGIC+self-etch adhesive+composite, and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite. Effectiveness data were sourced from the literature. Micro-costing was applied using 2022 USD market averages with a 5% variation. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), net monetary benefit (%NMB), and the budgetary impact were obtained.RESULTS: Cost-effective treatments included HVGIC (%NMB=0%/0%), encapsulated GIC (%NMB=19.4%/ 19.7%), and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite (%NMB=23.4%/ 24.5%) at 1year and 10years, respectively. The benefit gain of encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite in relation to encapsulated GIC was small when compared to the cost increase at 1year (gain of 3.28% and increase of USD 24.26) and 10years (gain of 4% and increase of USD 15.54).CONCLUSION: Within the horizon and perspective analyzed, the most cost-effective treatment was encapsulated GIC restoration.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study can provide information for decision-making.",
+        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of restorative treatments for permanent molars with severe molar incisor hypomineralization: perspectives for the Brazilian public health system.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Straw returning can enhance crop yield, promote soil organic carbon sequestration, and support sustainable crop production. However, straw management techniques, such as straw mulching (SR-M) and straw incorporation (SR-I), can significantly elevate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 217 studies to explore the effects of different straw management approaches on mitigating GHG emissions in agricultural settings. The analysis reveals that SR-I (129.39 %) had a more pronounced impact on CH4 emissions than SR-M (14.86 %), but SR-M (18.47 %) had a more significant impact on N2O emissions than SR-I (7.76 %). Notably, SR-I had a greater impact on soil carbon content than SR-M. The effect of straw returning on CH4 and N2O emissions varied under different climatic conditions, management practices, and initial soil properties. Specifically, under conditions characterized by a mean annual temperature (MAT) <= 14 degrees C, mean annual precipitation (MAP) > 800 mm, initial soil organic carbon (SOCi) <= 14 g kg(-1), initial soil total nitrogen (TNi) <= 1.2 g kg(-1), and soil pH > 6, with straw returning amounts (SRA) <= 6000 kg ha(-1), nitrogen application rate (NAR) > 200 kg ha(-1), straw returning duration > 3 years, and maize, rice, wheat-maize, or wheat-rice as the cultivated crop, SR-M had a lesser impact on CH4 and N2O emissions than conditions under other environmental and management measures. Under conditions characterized by MAT <= 14 degrees C, MAP <= 800 mm, SOCi > 14 g kg(-1), TNi > 1.2 g kg(-1), and soil pH > 8, with SRA > 6000 kg ha(-1), straw returning duration > 3 years, and wheat as the cultivated crop, SR-I had a lesser impact on CH4 and N2O emissions than conditions under other environmental and management measures. Furthermore, deep straw incorporation (SR-I-deep, straw mixed with 20-40 cm deep soil) did not significantly affect CH4 and N2O emissions, suggesting its potential for widespread adoption. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing straw management practices and reducing GHG emissions in farmland ecosystems.",
-        "output": "Effect on greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O) of straw mulching or its incorporation in farmland ecosystems in China",
+        "input": "BackgroundPrediabetes management is a priority for policymakers globally, to avoid/delay type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reduce severe, costly health consequences. Countries moving from low to middle income are most at risk from the T2D epidemic and may find implementing preventative measures challenging; yet prevention has largely been evaluated in developed countries.MethodsMarkov cohort simulations explored costs and benefits of various prediabetes management approaches, expressed as savings to the public health care system, for three countries with high prediabetes prevalence and contrasting economic status (Poland, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam). Two scenarios were compared up to 15 y: inaction (no prediabetes intervention) and intervention with metformin extended release (ER), intensive lifestyle change (ILC), ILC with metformin (ER), or ILC with metformin (ER) titration.ResultsT2D was the highest-cost health state at all time horizons due to resource use, and inaction produced the highest T2D costs, ranging from 9% to 34% of total health care resource costs. All interventions reduced T2D versus inaction, the most effective being ILC + metformin (ER) titration (39% reduction at 5 y). Metformin (ER) was the only strategy that produced net saving across the time horizon; however, relative total health care system costs of other interventions vs inaction declined over time up to 15 y. Viet Nam was most sensitive to cost and parameter changes via a one-way sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsMetformin (ER) and lifestyle interventions for prediabetes offer promise for reducing T2D incidence. Metformin (ER) could reduce T2D patient numbers and health care costs, given concerns regarding adherence in the context of funding/reimbursement challenges for lifestyle interventions. imageConclusionsMetformin (ER) and lifestyle interventions for prediabetes offer promise for reducing T2D incidence. Metformin (ER) could reduce T2D patient numbers and health care costs, given concerns regarding adherence in the context of funding/reimbursement challenges for lifestyle interventions. imageHighlightsCountries moving from low to middle income are most at risk from the type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemic and may find implementing preventative measures challenging; yet prevention has largely been evaluated in developed countries. This study explored costs and benefits of various prediabetes management approaches in Poland, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, with the aim of facilitating resource use and planning decisions. Pharmacological and lifestyle prediabetes interventions offer promise for reducing T2D incidence. In the context of adherence concerns and funding/reimbursement challenges for lifestyle interventions, metformin alone may be an effective, cost-saving strategy. image",
+        "output": "Cost saving analysis of prediabetes intervention modalities in comparison with inaction using Markov state transition model-A multiregional case study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The paradigm of values adopted by the global health community has a palpable, albeit often unseen, impact on patient health care. In this Viewpoint, we investigate an inherent tension in the core values of medical ethics and clinical practice that could explain why paediatric health care faces resource constraints despite compelling economic and societal imperatives to prioritise child health and wellbeing. The dominant narrative in the philosophy of medicine tends to disproportionately underscore values of independence and self-determination, which becomes problematic in the context of paediatric patients, who by their very nature epitomise vulnerability and dependence. A double-jeopardy situation arises when disadvantaged children see their inherent dependence leveraged against them. We illustrate this predicament through specific examples relating to rights and obligations and to autonomy. Alternative value perspectives-communitarianism and relational autonomy-might offer more robust protection for vulnerable children. A shift away from the dominant narrative towards a more explicit and inclusive discussion of values is necessary. Such a shift requires giving a legitimate platform to diverse perspectives, with the presumption that collective moral progress is possible; this endeavour is embodied by global bioethics. Successful implementation of global bioethics, in turn, hinges on close collaboration between practicing clinicians and bioethicists. Taking global bioethics seriously and actively pursuing collaboration could help the global health community achieve more equitable health care.",
-        "output": "The importance of global bioethics to paediatric health care.",
+        "input": "Plastic additives such as the antioxidant 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) have been widely detected in aquatic environments, over a wide range of concentrations reaching 300 mu g/L in surface water, potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. However, knowledge of the specific effects of 2,4-DTBP on aquatic vertebrates is still limited. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of 2,4DTBP (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) for 21 days in the laboratory. The amplicon sequencing results indicated that the diversity and composition of the zebrafish gut microbiota were significantly changed by 2,4-DTBP, with a shift in the dominant flora to more pathogenic genera. Exposure to 2,4-DTBP at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L significantly increased the body weight and length of zebrafish, suggesting a biological stress response. Structural assembly defects were also observed in the intestinal tissues of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP, including autolysis of intestinal villi, adhesions and epithelial detachment of intestinal villi, as well as inflammation. The transcriptional expression of some genes showed that 2,4-DTBP adversely affected protein digestion and absorption, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. These results are consistent with the PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis of intestinal microbiota of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP. This study improves our understanding of the effects of 2,4-DTBP on the health of aquatic vertebrates and ecosystems.",
+        "output": "Effects of the plastic additive 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on intestinal microbiota of zebrafish",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.",
-        "output": "Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic",
+        "input": "We examined whether a community engagement approach and jurisdictional attributes were associated with local action to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products in Los Angeles County during 2019-2022. We estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios to examine these associations. Jurisdictions that used an active community engagement approach to adopt a flavored tobacco ban ordinance, those with previous experience adopting other tobacco-related ordinances, and those located next to communities that have an existing tobacco retail license ordinance were more likely than jurisdictions without these attributes to adopt a new ordinance to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products. Efforts to adopt such an ordinance were generally more successful in jurisdictions where community members were engaged and policy makers were familiar with the adoption of public health ordinances.",
+        "output": "Community Engagement, Jurisdictional Experience, and Previous Tobacco-Related Ordinances in Neighboring Communities as Drivers of Flavored Tobacco Bans in Los Angeles County.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually requires a long acquisition time. The movement of the patients during MRI acquisition will produce image artifacts. Previous studies have shown that clear MR image texture edges are of great significance for pathological diagnosis. In this paper, a motion artifact reduction method for cardiac MRI based on edge enhancement network is proposed. Firstly, the four-plane normal vector adaptive fractional differential mask is applied to extract the edge features of blurred images. The four-plane normal vector method can reduce the noise information in the edge feature maps. The adaptive fractional order is selected according to the normal mean gradient and the local Gaussian curvature entropy of the images. Secondly, the extracted edge feature maps and blurred images are input into the de-artifact network. In this network, the edge fusion feature extraction network and the edge fusion transformer network are specially designed. The former combines the edge feature maps with the fuzzy feature maps to extract the edge feature information. The latter combines the edge attention network and the fuzzy attention network, which can focus on the blurred image edges. Finally, extensive experiments show that the proposed method can obtain higher peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure compared to state-of-art methods. The de-artifact images have clear texture edges.",
-        "output": "A cardiac MRI motion artifact reduction method based on edge enhancement network",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Bing Chat is a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) with online search and text generating capabilities. This study assessed its performance within the scope of dentistry in: (a) tackling exam questions for dental students, (ii) providing guidelines for dental practitioners, and (iii) answering patients' frequently asked questions. We discuss the potential of clinical tutoring, common patient communication and impact on academia.METHODS: With the aim of assessing AI's performance in dental exams, Bing Chat was presented with 532 multiple-choice questions and awarded scores based on its answers. In evaluating guidelines for clinicians, a further set of 15 questions, each with 2 follow-up questions on clinical protocols, was presented to the AI. The answers were assessed by 4 reviewers using electronic visual analog scale. In evaluating answers to patients' frequently asked questions, another list of 15 common questions was included in the session, with respective outputs assessed.RESULTS: Bing Chat correctly answered 383 out of 532 multiple-choice questions in dental exam part, achieving a score of 71.99 %. As for outlining clinical protocols for practitioners, the overall assessment score was 81.05 %. In answering patients' frequently asked questions, Bing Chat achieved an overall mean score of 83.8 %. The assessments demonstrated low inter-rater reliability.CONCLUSIONS: The overall performance of Bing Chat was above the regularly adopted passing scores, particularly in answering patient's frequently asked questions. The generated content may have biased sources. These results suggest the importance of raising clinicians' awareness of AI's benefits and risks, as well as timely adaptations of dental education curricula, and safeguarding its use in dentistry and healthcare in general.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bing Chat AI performed above the passing threshold in three categories, and thus demonstrated potential for educational assistance, clinical tutoring, and answering patients' questions. We recommend popularizing its benefits and risks among students and clinicians, while maintaining awareness of possible false information.",
+        "output": "Assessing the performance of Bing Chat artificial intelligence: Dental exams, clinical guidelines, and patients' frequent questions.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Market regulator Sebi has said it will auction the property of the Saradha Group of companies next month at a reserve price of over Rs 3 crore to recover money raised by the firm from the public through illicit schemes.The property located in West Bengal will go under the hammer, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) said in a notice dated September 15.The regulator said the e-auction will be conducted between 11 am and 1 pm on October 17. The reserve price of the property is pegged at Rs 3.68 crore.Sebi has engaged Quikr Realty to assist it in the sale of the property and appointed C1 India as the e-auction provider.The development came after the Calcutta High Court passed an order in June 2022, whereby it directed the regulator to proceed with the auction of properties of the Saradha Group of Companies.Saradha Group, a consortium of over 239 private companies, allegedly ran chit-fund operations in West Bengal, Assam and Odisha, and raised around Rs 4,000 crore from 1.7 million depositors before it collapsed in April 2013.As per the notice, the regulator said bidders should make their own independent enquiries regarding the encumbrances, litigations, attachments and acquisition of liabilities of the property put on auction, prior to submitting their bid.\"The purchaser shall participate in the e-Auction on his own behalf and no third party intervention, like authorised agent/ representative, would be permitted.\"The successful bidder shall bear the charges/ fee payable for the transfer of the property in his/ her name. All taxes shall be borne by the purchaser,\" the notice said.",
-        "output": "Sebi will auction Saradha Group's property in West Bengal on October 17 with a reserve price of Rs 3.68 crore to recover funds raised through illicit schemes, as per a Calcutta High Court order.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The pursuit of medical and dental education is challenging and can affect the overall quality of life of medical students. Assessing the quality of life of medical students is the first step in the preparation of efficient future health care professionals. This study used the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) to evaluate the quality of life of medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan.OBJECTIVES: The study objectives include: assessing the QoL of medical and dental students and their general health satisfaction and self-satisfaction.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 medical and dental students from different medical and dental schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess QOL, which included 26 items covering four domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. All scores for the domains ranged from 4 to 20. Scoring was done according to the WHOQOL-BREF procedure manual. The questionnaire was disseminated to medical students using Google Forms. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Cronbach's alpha and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test were used to evaluate the reliability and sampling adequacy of the data for factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for each variable and QoL domain, including frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. Domain scores were compared using a t-test and one-way ANOVA, with p-values less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.RESULTS: Among the 344 medical students, 56.7% (n=195) were female and 43.3% (n=149) were male. The WHOQOL-BREF demonstrated excellent reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.918. Most medical students rated their overall QOL (62.2%) and health satisfaction (46.8%) as good, and were able to get around well (71.3%). No significant sex differences were found across the various QOL domains. Marital status significantly affected QOL scores (p<0.005). Single students had significantly higher QOL scores than married/separated/divorced students did. Overall, the environmental domain had the highest mean score (26.81\u00b16.17), while social relationships had the lowest mean score (9.68\u00b12.93).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the QoL of medical and dental students. Most participants reported moderate satisfaction with their physical health and lower satisfaction with the psychological, social, and environmental components of QoL. Marital status was found to significantly impact the QoL as compared to single students with greater QoL. These findings can help form targeted interventions to enhance medical students' quality of life and prepare efficient future healthcare professionals.",
+        "output": "Exploring the Quality of Life (QOL) of medical students in Karachi, Pakistan.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Recent research on human exploitation of molluscs, echinoderms and crustaceans during the Mesolithic in the Cantabrian region (northern Iberia) has shown significant variability in the intensity of the use of coastal resources by the last hunter-fisher-gatherers throughout the similar to 4000-year expanse of the Mesolithic (10,700 - 6,700 cal BP). Previous studies have proposed hypotheses related to demographic changes to explain intensification events. In this paper we aim to unravel whether climatic and environmental changes, or other social factors, such as demography, were involved in the increase in the use of marine resources at certain times. We employed species representation, quantification and biometric analysis of the shell assemblages from the El Toral III archaeological site (Asturias, northern Iberia) to identify patterns in shell exploitation throughout the stratigraphic sequence. To establish the chronology and distinguish occupation phases of the site, we employed Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon measurements. Faunal results show that marine gastropods such as limpets of the Patella genus and topshells Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) were the most exploited species, while bivalves, echinoids and crustaceans were present in smaller quantities. The comparison of the results for El Toral III with other Mesolithic sites in the region reveals significant temporal differences in the intensity of collection of marine shell species. Results showed that intensification processes are not clearly related to climate change but to other social factors, such as demography, suggesting that intensification and relaxation in shell collection events were strategies adopted depending on the needs of the human groups at different times.",
-        "output": "Living in the shore: changes in coastal resource intensification during the Mesolithic in northern Iberia",
+        "input": "Regenerative medicine solutions for type 1 diabetes are a rapidly developing field of medical technology. To date, these solutions have been principally cell-based treatments and at present, in Europe, these therapies are regulated under European Union regulations for advanced therapy medicinal products. But now, new emerging technology combining cellular therapy with medical devices is under development. The potential of this novel hybrid model to create a bioartificial pancreas to treat type 1 diabetes is tantalizing. However, incorporating medical devices creates a further layer of regulatory complexity. This article seeks to expose the complexity of this legal and regulatory landscape and demonstrate how evolving technology could challenge the entire existing legal paradigm. We start by summarizing the status of the only established cell-based therapy-transplantation. We set out the regulation of cellular therapies, their classification, and the role of statutory bodies. We examine the bottleneck of therapies moving from bench to bedside, and we consider the additional challenges of products, which use a combination of cells and medical devices. Finally, we argue that for the potential of this rapidly growing area of technology to be realized a seismic shift in how we regulate frontier cellular therapies will be required.",
+        "output": "Legal and Regulatory Challenges for Emerging Regenerative Medicine Solutions for Diabetes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Loess Plateau is one of the most severely eroded areas in the world. The complexity of the multiple challenges facing the Loess Plateau entails the support of scientific and systematic innovations in land use. Based on technological innovation cluster (TIC) theory, this paper develops a self-circulation structure model for the TIC to analyze the hierarchical structure of the land-use innovations in the Loess Plateau. Then, employing the selfcirculation structure model and taking the Gully Land Consolidation Project (GLCP) as a case study, this paper proposes one TIC-driven sustainable land use mode (TSLUM). A TIC has been developed among innovations in the TSLUM. The structure of TSLUM consists of three types of innovations: basic, related, and infrastructure innovations. Basic innovations are generally radical innovations that breed related, and infrastructure innovations. Diffusion-based and reversal-based mechanisms govern the evolution of the TSLUM. These two clustering mechanisms integrate with each other and jointly promote the development of the TSLUM in a self-circulation way. Furthermore, the TSLUM exhibits multiple functions, such as optimizing gully-slope interaction mechanism, providing continuous driving forces, consolidating the achievements of the Grain for Green Project, bolstering rural livelihoods, and fostering some feasible ways for food security. The results obtained will be useful for advancing sustainable land use and regional sustainable development in the Loess Plateau via TICs effectively and systematically.",
-        "output": "TIC-driven sustainable land use mode in the Loess Plateau: A case study of gully land consolidation project in Yan'an City, China",
+        "input": "IntroductionThis short article investigates how violations of civility norms by politicians affect attitudes about the importance of norms and demand for political accountability after wrongdoing.ResultsOur main findings are twofold: (1) support for norms and (2) demand for punishing norm-breaking increases when parties hold political officials accountable for their actions-especially in the case of in-group norm-breaking.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to a growing literature on Americans' support for norms by implying that elites play an important role in sustaining the standards of democratic exchange. When elites impose punishment on copartisan elites, they signal to the public that accountability is acceptable.",
+        "output": "Civility norm violations and political accountability",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CALGARY, Alberta - E3 Lithium Ltd. (TSXV: ETL) (FSE: OW3) (OTCQX: EEMMF), a developer in Alberta's lithium sector, has announced its solid financial standing, backed by significant government grants and investments. The company has received more than $32 million CAD in non-dilutive funding and expects to obtain over $4 million in reimbursements early this year.Supported by Alberta Innovates, E3 Lithium has already been granted $1.425 million for the development of its Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technology, with an additional $375,000 anticipated upon the completion of a milestone report. The Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF) has also invested $27 million, with close to $21 million still available for E3 Lithium to claim. These funds are aimed at supporting various aspects of the company's development, from resource extraction to commercial production, with costs reimbursed at a rate of 33.94%.Moreover, the company has fully claimed a $3.545 million non-repayable contribution from the Critical Minerals Research Development and Demonstration Program (CMRDD) for constructing and operating its 2023 field pilot plant. The Alberta Jobs Now program has further supplemented E3 Lithium's finances by providing $43,750 to offset hiring and training costs.As of September 30, 2023, E3 Lithium reported a cash working capital of $37.9 million, positioning it to advance its 2024 plans confidently. President and CEO Chris Doornbos expressed gratitude for the government support and emphasized the company's commitment to pursuing all eligible grants to foster the growth of Canada's lithium industry.E3 Lithium, with its substantial lithium resources and innovative technology, aims to produce high-purity, battery-grade lithium products. The company's Clearwater Lithium Project boasts an NPV8% of USD 1.1 billion pre-tax and USD 820 million after-tax, with significant measured, indicated, and inferred lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) mineral resources.This news is based on a press release statement and includes forward-looking information subject to risks and uncertainties. E3 Lithium has not yet tested its lithium extraction technologies on a commercial scale, and these statements reflect management's current expectations. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "E3 Lithium, backed by $32 million in government grants and investments, has a strong financial standing to advance its lithium extraction technology and production plans. The company's Clearwater Lithium Project boasts significant lithium resources and an NPV8% of USD 1.1 billion pre-tax.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study examined the multiple-deficit hypothesis among Arabic-speaking elementary school students. A total of 90 students, divided into three main groups based on their performance on an Arabic word-reading task: dyslexic (n = 30), regular age-matched (n = 30), and 3rd-grade regular students, who were matched to the dyslexic group in regard to their reading proficiency level (n = 30). Participants underwent a nine-domain Arabic reading experiment that measured accuracy and fluency to evaluate general reading proficiency. The performance of Arabic dyslexic students was significantly worse than age-matched controls, but similar to young matched controls based on the reading level of each cognitive task. Moreover, dyslexic students showed deficits in three or more cognitive functions, depending on severity. This study adds to the limited empirical research on the double-deficit hypothesis and its extension to the multiple-domain model among young Arabic students.",
+        "output": "Evaluation of the multiple-deficit hypothesis among dyslexic Arabic-speaking children",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The benchmark National Stock Exchange Nifty has rallied 4 per cent, or 750 points, from this month\u2019s low to end last week at 19,732. Technical analysts say the market could consolidate around the current levels as it is nearing the resistance zone. \u201cThe near-term uptrend status of the market remains intact, but there is a possibility of some more consolidation or minor weakness for the Nifty in the next one to two sessions. A decisive upside breakout of 19,875 is likely to bring more upside in the short term. At the lows, the",
-        "output": "The Nifty has rallied 4% from this month's low to end last week at 19,732, but technical analysts expect consolidation around current levels due to resistance at 19,875.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This comprehensive review explores the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although AF is considered a common adverse event post PFO closure, its incidence, estimated at <5%, varies based on monitoring methods. The review delves into the challenging task of precisely estimating AF incidence, given subclinical AF and diverse diagnostic approaches. Notably, a temporal pattern emerges, with peak incidence around the 14th day after closure and a subsequent decline after the 45th day, mimicking general population AF trends. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind post PFO closure AF remain elusive, with proposed factors including local irritation, device-related interference, tissue stretch, and nickel hypersensitivity. Management considerations encompass rhythm control, with flecainide showing promise, and anticoagulation tailored to individual risk profiles. The authors advocate for a personalized approach, weighing factors like age, comorbidities, and device characteristics. Notably, postclosure AF is generally considered benign, often resolving spontaneously within 45days, minimizing thromboembolic risks. Further studies are required to refine understanding and provide evidence-based guidelines.",
+        "output": "Atrial Fibrillation After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Management.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, bleeding and thrombosis are common complications. We aimed to describe the incidence and predictors of bleeding and thrombosis and their association with in-hospital mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients presenting with refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between December 2015 and March 2022 who met the criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation at our center were included. Major bleeding was defined by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization's criteria. Adjusted analyses were done to seek out risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis and evaluate their association with mortality. Major bleeding occurred in 135 of 200 patients (67.5%), with traumatic bleeding from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 73 (36.5%). Baseline demographics and arrest characteristics were similar between groups. In multivariable analysis, decreasing levels of fibrinogen were independently associated with bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.98 per every 10mg/dL rise [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]). Patients who died had a higher rate of bleeds per day (0.21 versus 0.03, P<0.001) though bleeding was not significantly associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI. 0.55-1.19]). A thrombotic event occurred in 23.5% (47/200) of patients. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 11% (22/200) and arterial thrombi in 15.5% (31/200). Clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. In adjusted analyses, no risk factors for thrombosis were identified. Thrombosis was not associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.42-1.03]).CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding is a frequent complication of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation that is associated with decreased fibrinogen levels on admission whereas thrombosis is less common. Neither bleeding nor thrombosis was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.",
-        "output": "Bleeding and Thrombosis in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest Treated With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.",
+        "input": "Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'VI: ways of being-in the office with patients', authors address the following themes: 'Patient-centred care-cultivating deep listening skills', 'Doctor as witness', 'Words matter', 'Understanding others-metaphor and its use in medicine', 'Communicating with patients-making good use of time', 'The patient-centred medical home-aspirations for the future', 'Routine, ceremony or drama?' and 'The life course'. May readers better appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.",
+        "output": "Storylines of family medicine VI: ways of being-in the office with patients.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Russian government has long since engaged in an information campaign of propaganda and disinformation as a major part of foreign policy. This has been taken to new heights since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In this study, we investigate pro-Russian misinformation within the opening weeks of the invasion in 6 languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, and Korean. Using Twitter data, we apply a combination of network and language embedding models to identify popular topics of misinformation amongst users in each language. Despite English users forming the most dominant language base on Twitter, we find that the popularity of misinformation in Japanese regularly outstrips English for certain topics. Misinformation shared by Spanish users is also over-represented in proportion to its much smaller user base. Our results provide insight into the current state of misinformation in each language. While we discuss some of the possible drivers behind the factors such as language over-representation, our study also highlights the need for further cross-lingual misinformation research in order to better understand this phenomena in a truly global context.",
-        "output": "A multilingual analysis of pro Russian misinformation on Twitter during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Depression during pregnancy is a significant health concern that can lead to a variety of short and long-term complications for mothers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information available on the prevalence and predictors of prenatal depression in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed prenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia.METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 pregnant women attending Babile District Public Health Facilities from November 1 to December 30, 2021. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with prenatal depression. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the association, and the significance was declared at a p-value<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of prenatal depression was 33.1% (95% CI=28.0%, 38.2%). A lower income (AOR=3.85, 95% CI=2.08, 7.13), contraceptive use (AOR=0.53, 95% CI=0.28, 0.98), unintended pregnancy (AOR=2.24, 95% CI=1.27, 3.98), history of depression (AOR=5.09, 95% CI=2.77, 9.35), poor social support (AOR=5.08, 95% CI=2.15, 11.99), and dissatisfied marriage (AOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.30, 4.33) were the factors associated with increased prenatal depression among pregnant women.CONCLUSIONS: One in every three pregnant women in rural eastern Ethiopia had prenatal depression. Monthly income, contraceptive use, pregnancy intention, history of depression, social support, and marriage satisfaction status were the determinants of prenatal depression. Preventing unintended pregnancies by encouraging women to utilize modern contraceptive methods is essential for mitigating and controlling the risks and burdens of prenatal depression and its negative consequences.",
+        "output": "Prenatal depression among pregnant women attending public health facilities in Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Social media sites like Twitter (now X) are increasingly used to create health behavior metrics for public health surveillance. Yet little is known about social norms that may bias the content of posts about health behaviors. Social norms for posts about four health behaviors (smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, physical activity, eating food) on Twitter/X were evaluated.METHODS: This was a randomized experiment delivered via web-based survey to adult, English-speaking Twitter/X users in three Michigan, USA, counties from 2020 to 2022 (n=559). Each participant viewed 24 posts presenting experimental manipulations regarding four health behaviors and answered questions about each post's social acceptability. Principal component analysis was used to combine survey responses into one perceived social acceptability measure. Linear mixed models with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction were implemented to test seven study hypotheses in 2023.RESULTS: Supporting six hypotheses, posts presenting healthier (CI: 0.028, 0.454), less stigmatized behaviors (CI: 0.552, 0.157) were more socially acceptable than posts regarding unhealthier, stigmatized behaviors. Unhealthy (CI: -0.268, -0.109) and stigmatized behavior (CI: -0.261, -0.103) posts were less acceptable for more educated participants. Posts about collocated activities (CI: 0.410, 0.573) and accompanied by expressions of liking (CI: 0.906, 1.11) were more acceptable than activities undertaken alone or disliked. Contrary to one hypothesis, posts reporting unusual activities were less acceptable than usual ones (CI: -0.472, 0.312).CONCLUSIONS: Perceived social acceptability may be associated with the frequency and content of health behavior posts. Users of Twitter/X and other social media platform posts to estimate health behavior prevalence should account for potential estimation biases from perceived social acceptability of posts.",
-        "output": "Social Acceptability of Health Behavior Posts on Social Media: An Experiment.",
+        "input": "Importance Modifier 22 is a mechanism designed for surgeons to identify cases that are more complex than their Current Procedural Terminology code accounts for. However, empirical studies of the use and efficacy of modifier 22 are lacking. Objective To assess the use of modifier 22 in common surgical procedures and the association of use with compensation. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Limited Data Set including all Part B carrier and durable medical equipment fee-for-service claims. Claims for 10 common surgical procedures were evaluated, including mastectomy, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, laparoscopic right colectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, kidney transplant, laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lumbar laminectomy. Data were analyzed from August to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate of modifier 22 use, rate of claim denial, mean charges, mean payment for accepted claims, and mean payment for all claims. Results The sample included 625 316 surgical procedures performed in calendar year 2021. The proportion of modifier 22 coding for a procedure ranged from 5725 of 251 521 (2.3%) in total knee arthroplasty to 1566 of 18 459 (8.5%) in laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Submitted charges were 11.1% (95% CI, 9.1-13.2) to 22.8% (95% CI, 21.3-24.3) higher for claims with modifier 22, depending on the procedure. Among accepted claims, those with modifier 22 had increased payments ranging from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7-1.0) to 4.8% (95% CI, 4.5-5.1). However, claims with modifier 22 were more likely to be denied (7.4% vs 4.0%; P < .001). As a result, overall mean payments were mixed, with 4 procedures having lower payments when modifier 22 was appended, 4 procedures having higher payments with modifier 22, and 2 procedures with no difference. The largest increase in mean payment for modifier 22 claims was for kidney transplant with an increased payment of $71.46 (95% CI, 55.32-87.60), which translates to a relative increase of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.9-4.6). Conclusions and Relevance The findings in this study suggest that modifier 22 had little to no financial benefit when appended to claims for a diverse panel of surgical procedures. In the current system, surgeons have little reason to request modifier 22, and no mechanisms currently exist for surgeons to recoup payment for difficult operations.",
+        "output": "Modifier 22 Use in Fee-for-Service Medicare",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HARTFORD -   Virtus Investment   Partners, Inc. (NASDAQ:VRTS), a distinguished partnership of boutique investment managers, has reported an increase in its preliminary assets under management (AUM) to $172.3 billion as of December 31, 2023. This marks a rise from the $162.5 billion reported at the end of the third quarter on September 30, 2023.The growth in AUM can be mainly attributed to positive market performance and net inflows in retail separate accounts. However, this was partially offset by net outflows from open-end funds and institutional accounts. Virtus also noted that it provides services to an additional $2.6 billion of other fee-earning assets, which are not counted within the AUM.A closer look at the numbers reveals that open-end funds experienced an increase from $54.1 billion at the end of September to $56.1 billion by year-end. Retail separate accounts saw a significant rise from $38.7 billion to $43.2 billion in the same period. Institutional accounts also grew, albeit at a slower pace, from $60.3 billion to nearly $63 billion.By asset class, equity holdings showed the most substantial increase, climbing from $88 billion in September to $96.7 billion at the end of December. Fixed income assets remained relatively stable, and multi-asset strategies saw a moderate increase. Alternative investments experienced a slight decrease in AUM.This financial update is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Virtus Investment Partners reported a 6% increase in preliminary assets under management (AUM) to $172.3 billion as of December 31, 2023, primarily driven by positive market performance and net inflows in retail separate accounts. Equity holdings contributed significantly to the growth, rising from $88 billion to $96.7 billion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The incidence of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has increased in recent years with the development of organ transplantation and the widespread use of immunosuppressive agents. However, the lack of clinical suspicion leading to delay or misdiagnosis is an important reason for the high mortality rate in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-endemic population. Herein, we report a case of disseminated T. marneffei infection in a non-HIV and non-endemic recipient after renal transplant, who initially presented with skin rashes and subcutaneous nodules and developed gastrointestinal bleeding.CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 54-year-old renal transplantation recipient presented with scattered rashes, subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations on the head, face, abdomen, and right upper limb. The HIV antibody test was negative. The patient had no obvious symptoms such as fever, cough, etc. Histopathological result of the skin lesion sites showed chronic suppurative inflammation with a large number of fungal spores. Subsequent fungal culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was given for antifungal treatment, and there was no deterioration in the parameters of liver and kidney function. Unfortunately, the patient was soon diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation and acute peritonitis. Then he rapidly developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and abandoned treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding can be significantly increased in kidney transplant patients with T. marneffei infection because of the long-term side effects of post-transplant medications. Strengthening clinical awareness and using mNGS or mass spectrometry technologies to improve the detection rate and early diagnosis of T. marneffei are crucial for clinical treatment in non-HIV and non-endemic population.",
+        "output": "Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection initially presenting as cutaneous and subcutaneous lesion in an HIV-Negative renal transplant recipient: a case report and literature review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - Australian Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has urged a boycott of Woolworths supermarkets after the chain decided to discontinue selling Australia Day merchandise. The move has sparked a heated debate on the role of retailers in national celebrations and the influence of public sentiment on commercial decisions.Woolworths CEO Brad Banducci explained that the decision was based on observing a decline in demand for Australia Day items. However, this explanation has not quelled the controversy, with critics like broadcaster Steve Price expressing discontent on The Project. Price highlighted that other retailers, such as Coles, have not ceased selling Australian-themed merchandise, implying that Woolworths' choice might limit the availability of patriotic products for the public.The call for a boycott was amplified by Barnaby Joyce, who, during a Sky News interview, supported Dutton's stance and suggested that Woolworths should concentrate on its core business of retail rather than engaging in politics. The debate has brought to light differing perspectives on the significance of Australia Day and how it should be celebrated or acknowledged by major companies. While some view the decision as a company bowing to a \"woke agenda,\" as Dutton stated, others see it as a business responding to changing consumer preferences.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Woolworths' decision to discontinue selling Australia Day merchandise has sparked controversy, with Opposition Leader Peter Dutton urging a boycott and Barnaby Joyce suggesting the company focus on retail rather than politics. The move has raised questions about the role of retailers in national celebrations and the influence of public sentiment on commercial decisions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Our studies focus on the production background of early standardized coinage in Qi state before Qin empire's unification of currency. These mold samples have considerable clay content, possibly to limit thermal expansion and enhance casting strength. Slag types include plate slag and ceramic slag attached on blowpipes. The matrix composition of plate slag is characterized by a high content of iron and calcium, with significant quantities of matte (CuPbFeS) and bronze droplets. The matrix composition of ceramic slag exhibits low content of iron and calcium with some copper droplets. It may be inferred that a smelting process is utilized to extract matte from sulfur-containing copper-lead ores, with the addition of tin occurring nearly concurrently. It is also possible to introduce a distinct step that smelting and alloying are totally separated. The lead isotope ratios of slag and mold samples overlap with each other and concentrate in the range with high 207Pb/206Pb ratios. The change of lead resources in Qi knives was synchronized with the change of its alloy composition. We can't exclude that the lead resources of high 207Pb/206Pb ratios used in Qi state came from local areas, and some uranogenic-rich lead resources might be brought in after Yan state' s conquest. The above research demonstrates that the production of Qi knives exhibited a significant degree of standardization in terms of molding technology, smelting technology, alloying technology and ore source. The implementation of unified coinage system during the Tian Qi period can be seen as a strategic approach to monopolize the minting rights and foster the growth of the commodities economy.",
+        "output": "Standardization production of Qi Knives: A comprehensive analysis of the minting remains of knife money unearthed in ancient Linzi in the late Warring states period",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In the past seven weeks, the market price of IWL has more than doubled or zoomed 108 per cent from a level of Rs 213.70 on November 2.On Wednesday, the stock had hit the highest level in over eight years to Rs 450.85. This was the highest level since July 2015. The stock had hit a record high of Rs 494.40 on April 17, 2015.At 10:50",
-        "output": "IWL's market price has surged by 108% in the past seven weeks, reaching a high of Rs 450.85 on Wednesday, its highest level since July 2015.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya is one of the representative works of Dharmak & imacr;rti. It is concerned with debate logic and deals with win-or-lose reasoning rules in the broad sense of logic. In this paper, we will concentrate our discussion on Dharmak & imacr;rti's theory of nigrahasth & amacr;na (fault) in his debate logic, a key issue in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya. First, we point out that the justification of three logical reasons as proof conditions of debate constitutes the rational point of departure for Dharmak & imacr;rti's debate logic. Second, we analyze the differences between Dharmak & imacr;rti's and the Naiy & amacr;yika's notion of debate and point out that Dharmak & imacr;rti's 'debate' involves two parties (the disputant and the opponent) attempting to rationally refute the other's opinion to persuade the other to change their wrong ideas. Last, based on the discussion of Dharmak & imacr;rti's concept of debate logic, we identify seven types of nigrahasth & amacr;na in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya with regard to the two parties of a debate (the disputant and the opponent).",
+        "output": "The Theory of Nigrahasth\u0101na in V\u0101dany\u0101ya of Dharmak\u012brti",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Still life paintings comprise a wealth of data on visual perception. Prior work has shown that the color statistics of objects show a marked bias for warm colors. Here, we ask about the relative chromatic contrast of these object-associated colors compared with background colors in still life paintings. We reasoned that, owing to the memory color effect, where the color of familiar objects is perceived more saturated, warm colors will be relatively more saturated than cool colors in still life paintings as compared with photographs. We analyzed color in 108 slides of still life paintings of fruit from the teaching slide collection of the Fogg University Art Museum and 41 color-calibrated photographs of fruit from the McGill data set. The results show that the relatively higher chromatic contrast of warm colors was greater for paintings compared with photographs, consistent with the hypothesis.",
-        "output": "The color of fruits in photographs and still life paintings.",
+        "input": "Finite model theory is currently not one of the hot topics in the philosophy and history of mathematics, not even in the philosophy and history of mathematical logic. The philosophy of mathematics and mathematical logic has concentrated on infinite structures, closely related to foundational issues. In that context, finite models deserved only marginal attention because it was taken for granted that the study of finite structures is trivial compared to the study of infinite structures. In retrospect, research on finite structures turned out to be neither trivial nor irrelevant but had an important impact on theoretical computer science. A closer look at the early history of the spectrum problem shows that the birth of finite model theory has roots in formal logic, at a time when computer science did not yet exist.",
+        "output": "A Short Note on the Early History of the Spectrum Problem and Finite Model Theory",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Implementing digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) in education and practice necessitates understanding nursing students' attitudes and behaviors as end-users toward current and future digital and AI applications.PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the perceived knowledge, attitudes, and skills of nursing students regarding digital transformation, as well as their digital health literacy (DHL) and attitudes toward AI. Furthermore, we investigated the potential correlations among these variables.METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was employed in a Saudi nursing college utilizing a convenience sample of 266 nursing students. A structured questionnaire consisting of six sections was used, covering personal information, knowledge, skills and attitudes toward digital transformation, digital skills, DHL, and attitudes toward AI. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were employed for data analysis.RESULTS: Nursing students exhibited good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward digital transformation services. They possessed strong digital skills, and their DHL and positive attitude toward AI were commendable. Overall, the findings indicated significant positive correlations between knowledge of digital transformation services and all the digital variables measured (p=<0.05). Senior students reported greater digital knowledge and a positive attitude toward AI.CONCLUSION: The study recommends an innovative undergraduate curriculum that integrates opportunities for hands-on experience with digital healthcare technologies to enhance their digital literacy and skills.",
-        "output": "Digital proficiency: assessing knowledge, attitudes, and skills in digital transformation, health literacy, and artificial intelligence among university nursing students.",
+        "input": "The recognition of low-density urbanisation has been important in documenting how diverse human settlements generated enduring social and economic change. In tropical regions, the key challenges to studying low-density urbanisation have been the difficulty in acquiring past built environment data and integrating the frameworks that illuminate the social behaviours intrinsic to urbanisation. The introduction of lidar mapping and urban science methods has proven revolutionary in our understanding of low-density urbanisation as demonstrated by emerging research on settlements and states in Mesoamerica and Southeast Asia. These studies draw on urban theory to highlight patterns in the built environment associated with profound societal changes including the rise of social institutions, agglomeration effects, and ongoing settlement growth. Here, we present an approach that combines lidar survey and archaeological fieldwork with recent developments in urban science to understand the built environment of Tongatapu; the location of an archaic state whose influence spread across the southwest Pacific Ocean between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries a.d. Quantitative results show-for the first time-that settlements on a Pacific island were urbanised in a distinct low-density form and that the processes of urbanisation began prior to state development. This study highlights the potential contribution of Pacific landscapes to urban science and the low-density settlement phenomena given the presence of large populations, hierarchical societies, and vast distributions of archaeological built remains on many island groups.",
+        "output": "Low-Density Urbanisation: Prestate Settlement Growth in a Pacific Society",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Five of the top-10 most-valued firms added Rs 1,99,111.06 crore in market valuation last week, with Reliance Industries emerging as the biggest gainer, in-tandem with bullish sentiments.Last week, the BSE benchmark jumped 542.3 points or 0.75 per cent. Benchmark equity indices Sensex and Nifty surged over 1 per cent to hit their fresh all-time highs on Friday.While Reliance Industries, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), ICICI Bank, Infosys and Bharti Airtel were the gainers from the top-10 pack, HDFC Bank, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, State Bank of India and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) were the laggards, taking a combined hit of Rs 76,098.67 crore.Reliance Industries added Rs 90,220.4 crore taking its market valuation to Rs 18,53,865.17 crore.The valuation of TCS jumped Rs 52,672.04 crore to Rs 14,20,333.97 crore. Shares of Tata Consultancy Services climbed nearly 4 per cent on Friday after the company reported an 8.2 per cent growth in net income for the December quarter at Rs 11,735 crore.The market valuation of Infosys climbed Rs 32,913.04 crore to Rs 6,69,135.15 crore. Shares of Infosys jumped 8 per cent on Friday after the company's December quarter earnings came in-line with market expectations.Bharti Airtel's valuation surged Rs 16,452.93 crore to Rs 6,05,299.02 crore.The market capitalisation (mcap) of ICICI Bank rallied Rs 6,852.65 crore to Rs 7,04,210.07 crore.However, the mcap of HDFC Bank eroded by Rs 32,609.73 crore to Rs 12,44,825.83 crore.The valuation of Hindustan Unilever tumbled Rs 17,633.68 crore to Rs 5,98,029.72 crore.The mcap of LIC fell by Rs 9,519.13 crore to Rs 5,24,563.68 crore and that of ITC declined by Rs 9,107.19 crore to Rs 5,82,111.90 crore.State Bank of India's valuation dipped Rs 7,228.94 crore to Rs 5,65,597.28 crore.Reliance Industries retained the title of the most-valued firm followed by TCS, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Infosys, Bharti Airtel, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, State Bank of India and LIC.",
-        "output": "Reliance Industries, TCS, Infosys, Bharti Airtel, and ICICI Bank added a combined Rs 1,99,111.06 crore to their market valuations last week, while HDFC Bank, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, SBI, and LIC faced a combined loss of Rs 76,098.67 crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The additive log-ratio (alr) transformation is recommended as one of the most robust data transformations for multivariate analysis of archaeometric compositional data. However, alr and other transformations are not mutually exclusive and can be combined to assess different aspects of an archaeometric data set, such as the addition of temper, post-depositional effects in pottery and associated archaeological implications. This study presents a comparative analysis of a multi-element data set of pottery from Lago Grande and Osvaldo archaeological sites in the Central Amazon, which are considered a microcosm of the region. The concentrations of nine chemical elements (La, Lu, Yb, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Sc, and Th) measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were subjected to alr transformation, prior to chemical fingerprinting by cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results were compared to a previous work using the log10 transformation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test for statistical differences between the chemical groups, and self-organizing maps (SOMs), a type of artificial neural network, were used for comparison due to their advantage of not depending on any specific data distribution assumption. In general, the results suggest the existence of socio-cultural interactions between Lago Grande and Osvaldo, which could have occurred through trade, exogamic marriage and territory sharing. In a broader perspective, the exchange networks corroborated by the results favor theories that minimize the role of ecological constraints in the emergence of social complexity and sedentary occupations in the Amazon region.",
+        "output": "Comparison of log-ratio and log10 chemical elemental data analysis of Central Amazonian pottery and archaeological implications",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "During the last years, Electric Vehicles (EV) have disrupted the transport market and are considered a key enabler towards economy -wide decarbonization. However, a high penetration of distributed energy resources on a residential level, such as EV, are expected to increase domestic demand and put a further stress on the operation of power distribution networks. This paper aims at suggesting real-time EV charging strategies based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The end -users can select among different policy profiles, namely cost savingsor user -oriented, depending on their personal optimization goals. Historical daily EV charging data from residential EV owners in Austin, Texas, USA have been analyzed to create user -specific tendencies based on the day of the week (weekday/weekend). The extracted end -user charging tendencies are combined with electricity consumption cost, solar PV self -consumption and EV battery constraints, including the number of daily charging activations. Experimental results on 6 different households show that the proposed Deep QNetwork (DQN) EV charging policies manage to reduce daily electricity costs by up to 49.83% when following a user-orientedenergy policy while being able to charge up to 86.22% of the time in time periods that are consistent with users' historical charging patterns.",
-        "output": "Unlocking the potential of smart EV charging: A user-oriented control system based on Deep Reinforcement Learning",
+        "input": "The parameter-free part PA2 & lowast;\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*$$\\end{document} of PA2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2$$\\end{document}, second order Peano arithmetic, is considered. We make use of a product/iterated Sacks forcing to define an omega\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}-model of PA2 & lowast;+CA(Sigma 21)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*+ \\textbf{CA}(\\Sigma <^>1_2)$$\\end{document}, in which an example of the full Comprehension schema CA\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{CA}$$\\end{document} fails. Using Cohen's forcing, we also define an omega\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega $$\\end{document}-model of PA2 & lowast;\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{PA}_2<^>*$$\\end{document}, in which not every set has its complement, and hence the full CA\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\textbf{CA}$$\\end{document} fails in a rather elementary way.",
+        "output": "Parameterfree Comprehension Does Not Imply Full Comprehension in Second Order Peano Arithmetic",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This multi-disciplinary study examines the historical and technical aspect of the supply of ornamental white marble in Ottoman Algiers between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Our systematic analysis of Ottoman Regency administration archives, specifically the correspondence between provincial chiefs of Algiers and Cherchell dating from 1824 to 1825AD, reveals two distinct supply routes for white ornamental marble to Algiers' building sites. The first identifies Genoa as the sole source of imports, while the second confirms the reuse of remains from the ancient Roman city of Caesarea/Cherchell. To verify these provenances of ornamental white marble, petrographic and geochemical analyses were conducted on fifteen (15) white marble samples collected from the architectural elements of the Ottoman Algiers Citadel. This palatial complex's construction and subsequent completion coincide with the period of the archival data. Experimental results confirm the Italian origin of the majority of samples, primarily from Carrara.",
-        "output": "The Ornamental white marble use and reuse at the Ottoman palaces of Algiers' Regency: New knowledge to a provenance study",
+        "input": "One of the widely used metal additive manufacturing processes, named Selective laser melting (SLM), can facilitate the printing of novel metal matrix nanocomposites through the fusion of metallic powders with nanoparticles. The current study proposes a novel numerical model to simulate microstructure formation considering local nanoparticle distribution during the SLM process. The proposed model formulates a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with Lagrangian particle tracking to simulate a single-track, single-layer SLM process of aluminum alloy reinforced with titanium diboride (chemical formula: TiB2) nanoparticles in ANSYS FLUENT. A very low weight fraction (0.0009%) of nanoparticles was considered due to the computational limitations of the software package. The temperature distribution and particle distribution results were first calculated by the 3D CFD model. Then, the results were one-way coupled to a 2D Cellular Automata (CA) model to predict the microstructure evolution using matlab. The coupled CFD-CA model and Lagrangian particle tracking were separately validated in this study. The results showed that the nanoparticles migrate within the recirculation zones formed by both Marangoni and natural convection in the fluid of the molten pool. The microstructure predicted by this model showed that the introduction of the nanoparticles increased bulk nucleation during solidification. The growth of large columnar grains is interrupted by the formation of randomly oriented small equiaxed grains. The average grain diameter decreased by 40% when nanoparticles were present compared to microstructures without nanoparticles.",
+        "output": "A Numerical Model of Microstructure Formation Considering Nanoparticle Distribution During Selective Laser Melting Process",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Sex disparities exist in cardiometabolic diseases. Metabolomic profiling offers insight into disease mechanisms, as the metabolome is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. We identified metabolites associated with sex and determined if sex-associated metabolites are associated with incident stoke, incident coronary heart disease, prevalent hypertension, and prevalent chronic kidney disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: Targeted metabolomics was conducted for 357 metabolites in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) case-cohort substudy for incident stroke. Weighted logistic regression models were used to identify metabolites associated with sex in REGARDS. Sex-associated metabolites were replicated in the HyperGEN (Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network) and using the literature. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and incident stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and incident coronary heart disease. Weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Fifty-one replicated metabolites were associated with sex. Higher levels of 6 phosphatidylethanolamines were associated with incident stroke. No metabolites were associated with incident coronary heart disease. Higher levels of uric acid and leucine and lower levels of a lysophosphatidylcholine were associated with hypertension. Higher levels of indole-3-lactic acid, 7 phosphatidylethanolamines, and uric acid, and lower levels of betaine and bilirubin were associated with chronic kidney disease.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the sexual dimorphism of the metabolome may contribute to sex differences in stroke, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease.",
-        "output": "Sex-Associated Metabolites and Incident Stroke, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease in the REGARDS Cohort.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Prior assessments of critical care outcomes in patients with cirrhosis have shown conflicting results. We aimed to provide nationwide generalizable results of critical care outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.METHODS: This is a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019. Adults with cirrhosis who required respiratory intubation, central venous catheter placement or both (n=12,945) with principal diagnoses including: esophageal variceal hemorrhage (EVH, 24%), hepatic encephalopathy (58%), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS, 14%) or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (4%) were included. A comparison cohort of patients without cirrhosis requiring intubation or central line placement for any principal diagnosis was included.RESULTS: Those with cirrhosis were younger (mean 58 vs. 63 years, p<0.001) and more likely to be male (62% vs. 54%, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in the cirrhosis cohort (33.1% vs. 26.6%, p<0.001) and ranged from 26.7% in EVH to 50.6% HRS. Mortality when renal replacement therapy was utilized (n=1580, 12.2%) was 46.5% in the cirrhosis cohort, compared to 32.3% in other hospitalizations (p<0.001), and was lowest in EVH (25.7%) and highest in HRS (51.5%). Mortality when cardiopulmonary resuscitation was used was increased in the cirrhosis cohort (88.0% vs. 72.1%, p<0.001) and highest in HRS (95.7%).CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients with cirrhosis requiring critical care did not survive to discharge in this U.S. nationwide assessment. While outcomes were worse than in patients without cirrhosis, the results do suggest better outcomes compared to previous studies.",
+        "output": "Critical care outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis: a United States national inpatient sample cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Barrier islands span 10% of the world's coastlines and dominate along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts in the USA routinely exposed to storm surge. These islands serve as buffers between the open coast and the mainland, and protect the mainland from storm damage. During storms, significant morphological change can occur, including substantial erosion of the islands' vegetated dunes. In this study, the focus is on the influence of belowground biomass - namely dune plant roots - and dune topographic characteristics on barrier-island erosion during storms. The numerical model XBeach was employed to simulate storm-induced sediment transport. A parameter study was conducted by varying distance from the shoreline to the dune, dune shape, sediment grain size, and sediment mobility as an analogue for biomass. The influence of individual parameters and the collective impact of parameters were analyzed. The results help improve our knowledge of barrier island dynamics and lay a solid groundwork for future investigations.",
-        "output": "Influence of Belowground Biomass on Barrier-Island Evolution During Storms: A Computational Parameter Study",
+        "input": "When seeking to trade in over-the-counter markets, institutional investors typically restrict both the number of potential counterparties they contact and the information they disclose (e.g., by requesting two-sided rather than one-sided quotes). We rationalize these important facts in a model featuring endogenous front-running. Although an additional contact intensifies competition and aids in finding a natural counterparty, it also intensifies information leakage-which can be costly if it helps a losing dealer to front-run. We also address information design: the client optimally provides no information about her trading direction when requesting quotes. We conclude with implications for market design and regulation.",
+        "output": "Competition and Information Leakage",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BELLEVUE, Wash. - T-Mobile US, Inc. (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:TMUS), through its subsidiary T-Mobile USA, Inc., is set to issue $3 billion in senior notes in a public offering, with closing expected on January 12, 2024. The offering includes $1 billion of 4.85% notes due 2029, $1.25 billion of 5.15% notes due 2034, and $750 million of 5.50% notes due 2055.The telecom giant plans to use the proceeds for general corporate activities, which may cover share repurchases, dividends as declared by the board, and refinancing of existing debt. The issuance is contingent on standard closing conditions.A consortium of banks, including Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co (NYSE:GS). LLC, and   Morgan Stanley   & Co (NYSE:MS). LLC, are managing the offering, with several others serving as co-managers.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "T-Mobile US plans to issue $3 billion in senior notes in a public offering, with proceeds used for general corporate activities including share repurchases, dividends, and debt refinancing. The offering includes $1 billion of 4.85% notes due 2029, $1.25 billion of 5.15% notes due 2034, and $750 million of 5.50% notes due 2055.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970-2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk.",
+        "output": "Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Capital markets regulator Sebi on Wednesday said it has started the mechanism for making online payments to its Investor Protection and Education Fund (IPEF).The use of online only mode has been made mandatory and the facility is now active under the tab \"click here to make payment to Sebi IPEF\" on the regulator's website.The move is aimed at streamlining the payment process and enhance accessibility for all the contributors to the fund.Intermediaries can now make payments to IPEF conveniently using various payment methods, including net banking, NEFT/RTGS, debit cards, and UPI.Henceforth, the remittances to Sebi IPEF shall be made only through the website link, by providing the requisite information like name of the payer, PAN, mobile number, email ID, the purpose for which payment is made, the amount to be paid, etc, Sebi said in a release.On Monday, the markets regulator came out with a circular that crediting of funds to its IPEF can be done only online and via a link given on the Sebi's website.The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) had earlier allowed such payments through a demand draft also.Sebi has now directed stock exchanges to inform all the companies listed on their bourses about the changes in the mode of payment.The IPEF has been set up for the promotion of investors' education, awareness and protection.The fund is used for the educational activities, including seminars, training, awareness programmes, funding investor education and aiding investors' associations by the board to undertake legal proceedings in the interest of investors in securities that are listed or proposed to be listed.",
-        "output": "SEBI has made online payments mandatory for its Investor Protection and Education Fund (IPEF), accessible via its website, to streamline the payment process and enhance accessibility for contributors. Intermediaries can now conveniently make payments using various methods, including net banking, NEFT/RTGS, debit cards, and UPI.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article describes a bison rib bone foreshaft from the Blackwater Draw site, New Mexico. The object was recovered by James Hester in 1963, during the excavation of locality 4, and it was subsequently cataloged as a modified bone tool but not recognized as a hafting element. It is currently held in the Blackwater Draw Museum collections. This analysis provides a detailed description of the artifact's features and establishes its provenience from a Folsom context. A survey of known Paleoindigenous hafting implements and a discussion of theoretical Folsom foreshaft designs serve to reinforce the classification of the tool as a component of the Folsom weapon delivery system. The tool was likely broken during use and later recycled as a pressure flaker or as a polishing instrument. With the help of 3D imagery, a reconstructed model was printed and fitted with large and small Folsom points to test ideas borrowed from the theoretical literature on Folsom foreshaft design.Este articulo describe un intermediario de astil (foreshaft) de costilla de bisonte del sitio Blackwater Draw, NM. El objeto fue recuperado por J. Hester en 1963, durante la excavacion de la localidad 4, y posteriormente catalogado como una herramienta de hueso modificada, pero no reconocido como elemento de enastado (hafting). Actualmente se encuentra en las colecciones del Blackwater Draw Museum. Este analisis proporciona una descripcion detallada de las caracteristicas del artefacto y establece su procedencia de un contexto Folsom. Un estudio de los implementos de enastado paleoindigenas conocidos y una discusion de los disenos teoricos de los intermediarios de astil Folsom sirven para reforzar la clasificacion de la herramienta como un componente del sistema de lanzamiento de armas Folsom. Es probable que la herramienta se rompiera durante el uso y luego se reciclara como herramienta para descascarar a presion o como instrumento de pulido. Con la ayuda de imagenes 3D, se imprimio un modelo reconstruido y se le equipo con puntas Folsom grandes y pequenas para probar ideas tomadas de la literatura teorica sobre el diseno de intermediarios Folsom.",
+        "output": "A Folsom Foreshaft from the Blackwater Draw Site",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Depression during pregnancy is a significant health concern that can lead to a variety of short and long-term complications for mothers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information available on the prevalence and predictors of prenatal depression in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed prenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia.METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 pregnant women attending Babile District Public Health Facilities from November 1 to December 30, 2021. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with prenatal depression. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the association, and the significance was declared at a p-value<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of prenatal depression was 33.1% (95% CI=28.0%, 38.2%). A lower income (AOR=3.85, 95% CI=2.08, 7.13), contraceptive use (AOR=0.53, 95% CI=0.28, 0.98), unintended pregnancy (AOR=2.24, 95% CI=1.27, 3.98), history of depression (AOR=5.09, 95% CI=2.77, 9.35), poor social support (AOR=5.08, 95% CI=2.15, 11.99), and dissatisfied marriage (AOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.30, 4.33) were the factors associated with increased prenatal depression among pregnant women.CONCLUSIONS: One in every three pregnant women in rural eastern Ethiopia had prenatal depression. Monthly income, contraceptive use, pregnancy intention, history of depression, social support, and marriage satisfaction status were the determinants of prenatal depression. Preventing unintended pregnancies by encouraging women to utilize modern contraceptive methods is essential for mitigating and controlling the risks and burdens of prenatal depression and its negative consequences.",
-        "output": "Prenatal depression among pregnant women attending public health facilities in Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "This article reports on research focused on a visual arts education course offered during a primary teacher training in Chile. It was driven by the increasing cultural diversity in Chilean schools, the potential of art education to respond to this context and the limited space that this field has in the national curriculum, an issue that is replicated in most teachers' training programmes. Intercultural and students' cultural funds of knowledge theories informed a framework that was implemented in the investigated course to strengthen pre-service teachers' cultural identity and the adoption of culturally inclusive practices. Through focus groups with the students and analysis of their visual journals, the research explored whether the course impacted their perception of visual arts education, and their cultural identities. Through a/r/tography, an arts-based methodology that articulates art, research and education, the study presents the students' voices and imagery, testimonies that contributed to reassess the space given to art education in primary schools and teacher training programmes.",
+        "output": "The Potential of Visual Arts Education: Strengthening Pre-Service Primary Teachers' Cultural Identity",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HICKSVILLE, N.Y. -   New York Community Bancorp  , Inc. (NYSE:NYCB), the parent company of Flagstar Bank, N.A., has scheduled its fourth quarter earnings release for the period ending December 31, 2023, for the morning of January 31, 2024. The announcement will be made at roughly 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time and will be available on the company's investor relations website.Following the release, a conference call led by President and CEO Thomas R. Cangemi and other executive leaders will take place at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time to discuss the financial results of the fourth quarter. New York Community Bancorp (NASDAQ:CTBI) is among the nation's largest regional banks with $111.2 billion in assets as of September 30, 2023. The company boasts a substantial loan portfolio of $85.9 billion and holds deposits totaling $82.7 billion. It operates Flagstar Bank with 436 branches across various regions and Flagstar Mortgage through a wholesale network of approximately 3,000 third-party mortgage originators.The company claims market-leading positions in several sectors, including multi-family lending, mortgage origination and servicing, and warehouse lending. It is recognized as the second-largest multi-family portfolio lender in the United States and the top lender in the New York City area, focusing on rent-regulated, non-luxury apartment buildings. Flagstar Mortgage ranks as the seventh-largest bank originator of residential mortgages, and the company is also noted as the fifth-largest sub-servicer of mortgage loans nationally, handling 1.6 million accounts. Additionally, it stands as the second-largest mortgage warehouse lender in the country based on total commitments.This financial update is based on a press release statement from New York Community Bancorp, Inc. and does not include any promotional content or subjective claims. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "New York Community Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:NYCB) will release its fourth quarter earnings for the period ending December 31, 2023, on January 31, 2024, at 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The company has $111.2 billion in assets, $85.9 billion in loans, and $82.7 billion in deposits as of September 30, 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper highlights the need for intelligent analysis of students' behavioral states in physical education tasks. The hand-ring inertial data is used to identify students' motion sequence states. First, statistical feature extraction is performed based on the acceleration and angular velocity data collected from the bracelet. After completing the filtering and noise reduction of the data, we perform feature extraction by Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and use the sliding window method for analysis. Finally, the classification capability of the model sequence is enhanced by the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of student action sequences in physical education exceeds 96% after optimization by the HMM method. This provides intelligent means and new ideas for future student state recognition in physical education and teaching reform.",
+        "output": "An intelligent model to decode students' behavioral states in physical education using back propagation neural network and Hidden Markov Model.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "With the markets rattling new highs this December, stocks across-the-board have witnessed a phenomenal rally on the bourses. Now, with the US Federal Reserve finally signaling an end to the policy tightening and a possibility of 3 rate cuts in the next calendar year, the bulls just got the extra impetus.However, given the sustained rally select stocks including the benchmark index have entered overbought zone. Technically, a RSI (Relative Strength Index) reading above the 70 level is considered overbought in the market. It\u2019s important to note, that stocks continue to rally in overbought conditions too as long as other momentum",
-        "output": "The US Federal Reserve's signal of an end to policy tightening and potential rate cuts in 2023 has fueled a stock market rally, with select stocks entering overbought territory (RSI above 70).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "St Agnes Museum, Cornwall, currently holds in its collections a paint box with a metal plaque reading 'John Opie 1806', containing pigments and other artists' materials. John Opie produced hundreds of oil paintings until his untimely death in 1807 and was a well-known and successful painter of portraits and historical scenes. However, his work has been little studied, in comparison to his contemporaries such as Joshua Reynolds. This paper discusses the identification of the pigments in the paint box using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Seven pigments have been identified as ultramarine, lead white, fustic and carmine lakes, carbon black (likely ivory), hematite, and burnt sienna, consistent with the bottle labels where present. The identification has been further confirmed using historical literature, which has shown that the pigments are likely to be contemporary with the stated date of 1806. This information adds to the body of knowledge about the artist specifically, and the artists pigments generally available at the time.",
+        "output": "The Technical Examination of Nineteenth-Century Artists' Pigments from John Opie's Paintbox",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Bridges Conference has been running on an annual basis since 1998 and is the foremost international conference dedicated to connections between mathematics and the arts, design and culture. In 2023, Bridges took place at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The conference ran from July 27 to 31, and was packed with a wide variety of plenary and contributed lectures, workshops, exhibitions, performances and public events. This article reports on the scientific, artistic and cultural programme and experience, from the viewpoint of a participant who is an academic mathematician based in Ireland.",
-        "output": "Bridges Halifax 2023",
+        "input": "While historians have recently called attention to the racial assumptions that shaped the debates over monetary reform in either the colonial Philippines or China during the first years of the twentieth century, this essay analyzes the crosscurrents between efforts to civilize and develop Filipino and Chinese monetary systems. It first examines the history of the Philippine money question (1899-1903), revealing anxieties about the apparent attachment Native Filipinos and Chinese had to silver currency. U.S. colonial officials were ambivalent toward the Native Filipinos, seeing them as possibly teachable, but so-called silver savagism was seen as too deeply engrained in the Chinese community, making the Chinese appear as a threat to monetary stability. In the last section, the article turns to China, revealing how the outcome of the Philippine money question shaped how U.S. monetary experts approached their efforts to reform China's monetary system. Throughout this process, U.S. colonial officials and monetary experts defined the Philippines and China (silver countries) and Filipinos and Chinese (silver-handling types) as overlapping objects of development. This analysis reveals how development was simultaneously an economic, racial, and imperial language.",
+        "output": "The Goldbugs Go Global: The Philippines, China, and the Foundations of Development",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HONG KONG - Fosun International Limited (HKEX: 00656), a global conglomerate based in Greater China, has made notable strides in its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, as reflected in recent updates to its ratings by prominent ESG assessors. The company's score in the S&P Global (NYSE:SPGI) Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) saw a significant increase from 56 to 68 points as of December 2023, placing it among the top 6% in its industry worldwide, which averages at 29 points.This improvement in the S&P Global CSA score is attributed to Fosun International's achievements in a variety of areas including Business Ethics, Environmental Policy & Management Systems, and Innovation Management. Notably, the company was recognized as an \"Industry Mover\" in the S&P Global Sustainability Yearbook 2023 (China Edition) in June 2023.Moreover, Fosun International has maintained an MSCI ESG rating of AA for three consecutive years, an accolade that distinguishes it as the only conglomerate in Greater China to hold this rating. This consistent performance has also led to its inclusion in the MSCI CHINA ESG LEADERS 10-40 Index once again, indicating the capital market's recognition of Fosun's ESG management and long-term investment value.The company's ESG achievements extend to other rating agencies as well. In 2023, it received an upgraded HSI ESG rating to AA- and became a new constituent of the Hang Seng Corporate Sustainability Index, which comprises 30 Hong Kong listed companies with leading ESG performance. Additionally, its FTSE Russell ESG score improved from 3.0 to 3.8, remaining above the global industry average.Fosun International's advancement in ESG ratings is part of its broader commitment to sustainability and responsible corporate citizenship. The company has established a comprehensive ESG management system, set ambitious carbon emission goals, and actively engages in public welfare through the Fosun Foundation.The information for this article is based on a press release statement. Fosun International continues to focus on enhancing its global sustainability practices, aiming to contribute positively to society and the environment while meeting its corporate objectives.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Fosun International's ESG performance has improved significantly, with its S&P Global CSA score rising to 68 points, placing it among the top 6% in its industry worldwide. The company has also maintained an MSCI ESG rating of AA for three consecutive years, making it the only conglomerate in Greater China to hold this rating.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective teaching methods are needed to improve students' abilities in hand-eye coordination and understanding of cardiac anatomy in echocardiography education. Simulation devices have emerged as innovative teaching tools and exhibited distinctive advantages due to their ability to provide vivid and visual learning experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education.METHODS: The study included 18 first-year clinical medical students with no prior echocardiography training. After randomization, they underwent a pre-test to assess basic knowledge. Following this, the students were divided into two groups: traditional teaching (traditional group) and simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound (digital group). Each group received 60min of instruction. Post-tests were assigned to students at two different time points: immediately after the lecture, and one week later (referred to as post-tests 1, and 2). In addition, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to students after class to investigate their satisfaction with teaching.RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in their scores on post-test 1 compared to pre-test (traditional group: from 33.1\u00b18.8 to 48.1\u00b113.1, P=0.034 vs. digital group: from 35.0\u00b16.7 to 58.0\u00b113.2, P=0.008). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in several post-test comparisons. Student satisfaction ratings revealed that the digital group experienced significantly greater satisfaction in areas such as subject interest, teaching style, course alignment, and interaction compared to the traditional group. Additionally, 80% of the digital group strongly endorsed the use of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound for echocardiography teaching, highlighting its effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: Simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound may improve students' understanding of echocardiography and satisfaction with the course. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of simulation teaching devices in medical education. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of this teaching method on students' learning outcomes and its integration into the medical curriculum.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300074015, 27/07/2023).",
+        "output": "The effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education: a pilot randomized controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Amid a heightened focus on sustainable consumption, restaurants are increasingly adopting green practices. Yet, understanding determinants of satisfaction in green restaurants remains unexplored. Analyzing 85,337 TripAdvisor reviews from US Green Restaurant Association certified restaurants, and leveraging BERTopic and aspect-based sentiment analysis, our study reveals previously unidentified subtopics, like pet-friendly, and indicates that after food, value, and service, green attributes significantly affect satisfaction, surpassing atmosphere. Additionally, we studied ramifications of not mentioning aspects in reviews, showing an insignificant difference in satisfaction between reviews without green attributes and those with neutral sentiment scores, highlighting the importance of promoting and delivering green initiatives.",
-        "output": "What attributes affect customer satisfaction in green restaurants? An aspect-based sentiment analysis approach",
+        "input": "An increasingly prevalent approach to studying human cognition is to construe the mind as optimally allocating limited cognitive resources among cognitive processes. Under this bounded rationality approach (Icard in Philos Sci 85(1):79-101, 2018; Simon in Utility and probability, Palgrave Macmillan, 1980), it is common to assume that resource-bounded cognitive agents approximate normative solutions to statistical inference problems, and that much of the bias and variability in human performance can be explained in terms of the approximation strategies we employ. In this paper, we argue that this approach restricts itself to an unnecessarily narrow scope of cognitive models, which limits its ability to explain how humans flexibly adapt their representations to novel environments. We argue that more attention should be paid to how we form our cognitive representations in the first place, and advocate for pluralistic framework which jointly optimizes over both representations and algorithms for manipulating them. We identify several fundamental trade-offs that manifest in this joint optimization, and draw on recent work to motivate a unified formal framework for this analysis. We illustrate a simplified version of this analysis with a case study in social cognition, and outline several new directions for research that this approach suggests.",
+        "output": "Rational representations of uncertainty: a pluralistic approach to bounded rationality",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article explores the complex material history of the portrait collection of Indigenous delegates by Henry Inman (1801-1846), and the ethical dilemmas raised during the last conservation campaign. The so-called 'Indian Gallery,' painted by Charles Bird King and copied by Henry Inman in the late 1830s, offers a study case on how conservation can contribute to the visibility of this unique series of 27 Indigenous delegates portraits. Originally commissioned for Thomas L. McKenney as first Superintendent of Indian Affairs, the meaning of Henry Inman's copies shifted when they entered the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology in 1882. Turned into 'docile objects' their new display had them fit a different ethnographic discourse. Recently transferred to the Harvard Art Museums (2023), the last conservation campaign challenged this discourse and proposed new ways to look at the collection offering a new interpretation through material analysis.",
-        "output": "Conservation as Cultural Practice: The Portrait Collection of Indigenous Delegates by Henry Inman",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Following recent work examining alcohol industry involvements in science, this is a case study that examines the ways in which the alcohol research community engages in boundary work--in which scientists define and defend the demarcation between their community of knowledge makers and others, justifying their claim to legitimacy and authority--in response to alcohol industry-sponsored interventions. The case here involves an economist who disputes the research consensus positions and policy recommendations of the field, having been funded by the key global alcohol industry political organization.METHOD: We examine the functional statements of both sides of this issue to show the ways in which the scientific and policy consensus of the field is disputed. Three examples of the responses of the alcohol research community, presenting different types of responses, are interrogated.RESULTS: In late career and retirement, this economist published extensively in alcohol and health economics journals within the peer-reviewed literature on two key topics in alcohol policy: pricing/taxation measures and advertising restrictions. These commentaries, reviews, and correspondence propose alternative policies favored by the alcohol industry, which are at odds with the alcohol public health evidence base. The three examples examined of boundary work performed by alcohol public health researchers illustrate the variety of ways in which the legitimacy of these interventions has been questioned: on technical grounds, on explicitly normative grounds, and as a body of work as a whole.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions in the scientific literature create important resources for alcohol industry actors to oppose alcohol policy measures globally. The alcohol research field may benefit from discussion about how to respond to these kinds of interventions.",
+        "output": "Managing Disruption: A Case Study of Boundary Work Around Alcohol Industry-Sponsored Scientific Interventions.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Plastic additives such as the antioxidant 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) have been widely detected in aquatic environments, over a wide range of concentrations reaching 300 mu g/L in surface water, potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. However, knowledge of the specific effects of 2,4-DTBP on aquatic vertebrates is still limited. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of 2,4DTBP (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) for 21 days in the laboratory. The amplicon sequencing results indicated that the diversity and composition of the zebrafish gut microbiota were significantly changed by 2,4-DTBP, with a shift in the dominant flora to more pathogenic genera. Exposure to 2,4-DTBP at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L significantly increased the body weight and length of zebrafish, suggesting a biological stress response. Structural assembly defects were also observed in the intestinal tissues of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP, including autolysis of intestinal villi, adhesions and epithelial detachment of intestinal villi, as well as inflammation. The transcriptional expression of some genes showed that 2,4-DTBP adversely affected protein digestion and absorption, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. These results are consistent with the PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis of intestinal microbiota of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP. This study improves our understanding of the effects of 2,4-DTBP on the health of aquatic vertebrates and ecosystems.",
-        "output": "Effects of the plastic additive 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on intestinal microbiota of zebrafish",
+        "input": "Baltic amber is often considered the principal Scandinavian commodity exchanged for metal from ore-rich regions in Europe. If correct, this may explain the astonishing metal wealth of the Nordic Bronze Age and the modest social consumption of amber locally. The hypothesis of a metal-for-amber principle behind the trade is here for the first time assessed on scales from micro to macro. Amber finds were charted across Europe, and the result was then compared to evidence for regular shifts in copper ore preferences/availability, as found in the systematically changing isotopic/elemental composition of Nordic metal objects in c. 2100-1200 BC. Comparisons indicate that amber and metal followed similar spatiotemporal trajectories with major reorganizations at the turn from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age. Shifts in amber distribution correlate with the geography of metal sources used in both periods and flows of metal to Scandinavia and amber to Europe appear to be contingent even in subperiods. Major European amber tracks - and the crossroads hubs controlling them - were identified for the transfer of goods, yet again revealing major changes at the transition to the Middle Bronze Age. The social roles and meanings of amber among Nordic communities were likewise examined, suggesting that bearers of amber played a role in exercising social control of this resource. It is concluded that amber almost certainly was exchanged for metal.",
+        "output": "Metal-for-Amber in the European Bronze Age",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Initial Public Offering (IPO) of global energy efficiency solution company Rishabh Instruments was subscribed 31.65 times driven by heavy demand from institutional buyers on the last day of bidding on Friday.The IPO received bids for 24,65,71,162 shares against 77,90,202 on offer, as per the NSE data.The category for Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) received a whopping 72.54 times subscription, while the quota for non-institutional investors got subscribed 31.29 times and Retail Individual Investors (RIIs) 8.44 times.The IPO comprises a fresh issue of equity shares aggregating up to Rs 75 crore and an Offer For Sale (OFS) of up to 94.3 lakh equity shares by its promoter group shareholders and an existing investor.The company has fixed a price band for the IPO at Rs 418-441 per share.On Tuesday, the company said it raised Rs 147.23 crore from anchor investors.Proceeds from the issue worth Rs 59.50 crore will be used towards financing the expansion of its manufacturing facility in Nashik and for general corporate purposes.The company's equity shares will be listed on the BSE and the NSE.DAM Capital Advisors, Mirae Asset Capital Markets (India), and Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors Ltd are the book-running lead managers to the issue.The Nashik-based firm is focused on electrical automation, metering and measurement, precision-engineered products with diverse applications across industries, including power and automotive sectors.",
-        "output": "Rishabh Instruments' IPO was oversubscribed 31.65 times, with QIBs driving demand with a 72.54 times subscription. The company raised Rs 147.23 crore from anchor investors and will use the proceeds for manufacturing expansion and general corporate purposes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Political psychology has greatly benefited from work that together addresses the enormous variety of political problems faced by people around the world, including those that are universal (e.g., how one gains access to basic needs, how power should be governed) and problems that confront people in particular situations (e.g., transitions of governmental forms, war, group exclusion, rapid economic change, decolonization, external intervention, national dominance). Adopting multiple standpoints and research agendas is necessary for us collectively to make our work useful to publics and to further the work each of us does. Another strength of our discipline is to employ the assumptions of multiple disciplines and of a variety of research methods. I will illustrate these points with research examples from several ISPP members and discuss ways that those in our discipline try to confront the difficulties that lack of commonality in theory, standpoint, methods, and epistemological assumptions can pose. Finally, I will summarize some of the work that various ISPP members have done to promote the development of political psychology and our society this year and invite further suggestions and contributions from members in how we can serve one another.",
+        "output": "ISPP presidential address: Why political psychology (and ISPP) benefit from including work (and members) from varieties of political systems, positions and locations, political cultures, theories, and methods",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The US Federal Reserve's interest rate decision, global cues, macroeconomic data announcements and the ongoing quarterly earnings are the major triggers that will dictate trends in stock markets this week, analysts said.Besides, the trading activity of foreign investors and the movement of global oil benchmark Brent crude will also be tracked.\"All eyes are on the outcome of the US Federal Reserve meeting scheduled for November 1, particularly due to the multi-year high levels of the US bond yields. Additionally, the policy decisions of the Bank of Japan will be closely watched.\"Beyond these key events, global factors will also play a crucial role. Economic data releases from the US and China, as well as the ever-changing geopolitical situation, will influence market sentiment,\" said Santosh Meena, Head of Research, Swastika Investmart Ltd.Among firms to announce their earnings this week are Adani Green Energy, DLF, TVS Motor Company, Bharti Airtel, GAIL, Hero MotoCorp, Tata Steel, Adani Enterprises, Tata Motors, InterGlobe Aviation andF.On the home front, there will be a flurry of Q2 corporate earnings reports, providing valuable insights into the financial health of domestic companies. Monthly auto sales figures are expected to draw attention, particularly because they will reflect the demand during the Dussehra festival season, he added.\"Market will react to major domestic and global economic events such as India's S&P Global manufacturing and services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index), China manufacturing and non-manufacturing PMI, Eurozone inflation and GDP data, crude oil inventories, UK manufacturing PMI, US manufacturing and services PMI, initial jobless claims, non-farm payrolls, unemployment rate and the Fed interest rate decision,\" Arvinder Singh Nanda, Senior Vice President, Master Capital Services Ltd, said.In a holiday-shortened last week, the BSE benchmark tanked 1,614.82 points or 2.46 per cent.Continuous weakness on the global front is weighing on the sentiment, Ajit Mishra, SVP - Technical Research, Religare Broking Ltd, said.Equity benchmark indices Sensex and Nifty on Friday reversed their six-session losing streak and rebounded more than 1 per cent.\"Despite the strong rebound, we suspect the benchmarks are not out of the woods yet. For markets to remain buoyant, some resolution is needed between the ongoing Israel-Hamas war,\" Prashanth Tapse, Senior VP (Research), Mehta Equities Ltd, said.",
-        "output": "The US Federal Reserve's interest rate decision on November 1st, global cues, macroeconomic data announcements, and ongoing quarterly earnings will drive stock market trends this week. Additionally, foreign investor trading activity and Brent crude oil movement will be monitored.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper studies the economic impact of foreign aid on Italian firms. In particular, I study the different effects of three main forms of aid: Export-Import Bank loans, Marshall Plan European Recovery Program (ERP) 'dollars' loans and the Marshall Plan ERP 'lire' loans. In all programmes, the United States sent technologically advanced machinery to allow for a modernization of the technology of Italian firms, but the conditions of such loans differed. This paper tests how crucial such different features have been for the effectiveness of firm reconstruction aid. By creating a new dataset on recipient firms and linking it to a large comprehensive firm-level dataset (Imita.db), I compare the effects on the performance of firms. I find that the Export-Import Bank loan raised the long-run profitability of firms, but that firms which received more flexible forms of Marshall Plan aid ('ERP-lire') raised their performance much more than Export-Import Bank recipients. Recipients who only received funds provided with long delays ('ERP-dollars') did not benefit from them. This evidence suggests that rather than receiving foreign aid per se, the most crucial features of reconstruction aid in Italy have been obtaining the requested goods on time and adjusting requests to receive the most needed productive goods.",
+        "output": "It's not about the money: New evidence on US reconstruction aid in Italy, 1947-68",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush Khanna Life Insurance  Corporation (NS:LIFI) (LIC), India's largest life insurer with a market capitalization of INR 5,40,660 crore, witnessed a remarkable surge in its stock price, reaching INR 900 apiece in today's session, marking a new 52-week high and a level not seen since the second day of listing in May 2022. The stock had opened at INR 872 in May 2022 on NSE, compared to the issue price of INR 949. Following its listing, LIC shares faced downward pressure until March 2023, hitting an all-time low of INR 530.05. However, a strong turnaround began and the stock totally reversed the course of its trajectory with an upside move. In the last 12 months, the stock has delivered a decent return of over 25%.In December, the government granted LIC a one-time exemption to achieve the mandatory 25% minimum public shareholding within 10 years which also helped ease the selling pressure.LIC introduced a new non-par product, LIC Jeevan Utsav, in November, receiving positive analyst reviews. The company reported a net profit of INR 17,469 crore in H1 FY24, up from INR 16,635 crore in the same period last year. New business premiums and assets under management also exhibited positive trends, increasing by 2.65% and 10.47% year on year, respectively, in H1 FY24.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "LIC's stock price surged to a 52-week high of INR 900, marking a significant turnaround from its all-time low of INR 530.05 in March 2023, driven by positive analyst reviews, strong financial performance, and government exemption for minimum public shareholding.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A well-studied hypothesis in the political economy literature is that economic globalisation leads to the convergence of economic policies because of increasing international constraints. However, little is known about how parties adapt their policy positions during economic crises. This paper investigates parties' policy shifts in economically harsh times. It highlights the important distinction between long-term trends (e.g., economic integration) and relatively short-term economic fluctuations when studying party competition. During economic downturns parties have an incentive to intensify the debate on economic policies and emphasise their distinct policy positions. In other words, parties strategically position themselves on salient issues. The empirical analysis combines party manifesto data with macro-economic indicators and survey data from 28 European countries between 1980 and 2021. The findings show that party polarisation increases when the economy is in decline, and positions converge during economic recovery. Further analyses explore the mechanism and reveal an indirect effect: parties adjust their policy positions in reaction to changing voter priorities and grievances in times of economic distress. Overall, the article contributes to a larger literature on party competition and political responsiveness by showing that external shocks, such as economic crises, influence the diversity of political offers among established parties.",
+        "output": "Polarisation or convergence? How the economy shapes party policy positions?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is considered to be a causal risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but whether there is an independent or joint association of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic plaque with ASCVD risk remains uncertain. This study aims to assess ASCVD risk independently or jointly conferred by Lp(a) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 5471 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease at baseline were recruited and followed up for ASCVD events (all fatal and nonfatal acute coronary and ischemic stroke events) over a median of 11.5years. Independent association of Lp(a), or the joint association of Lp(a) and carotid plaque with ASCVD risk, was explored using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 7.6% of the participants (60.0\u00b17.9years of age; 2649 [48.4%] men) had Lp(a) \u226550mg/dL, and 539 (8.4/1000 person-years) incident ASCVD events occurred. Lp(a) concentrations were independently associated with long-term risk of total ASCVD events, as well as coronary events and ischemic stroke events. Participants with Lp(a) \u226550mg/dL had a 62% higher risk of ASCVD incidence (95% CI, 1.19-2.21) than those with Lp(a) <10mg/dL, and they exhibited a 10-year ASCVD incidence of 11.7%. This association exists even after adjusting for prevalent plaque. Moreover, participants with Lp(a) \u226530mg/dL and prevalent plaque had a significant 4.18 times higher ASCVD risk than those with Lp(a) <30mg/dL and no plaque.CONCLUSIONS: Higher Lp(a) concentrations are independently associated with long-term ASCVD risk and may exaggerate cardiovascular risk when concomitant with atherosclerotic plaque.",
-        "output": "Independent Relationship of Lipoprotein(a) and Carotid Atherosclerosis With Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.",
+        "input": "Mass capture of small fishes with a variety of nets, traps, and weirs was widely practiced and economically important across East Polynesia at western contact. Archaeological research, however, has suggested these technologies were less important during the early settlement period and gained prominence over time. Several explanations have been proposed, including resource depression, changes in marine environments, and/or social and economic reorientations. In the Marquesas Islands, pelagic and offshore fishes were historically well represented in early assemblages relative to most Polynesian islands. Here we report on fishbone assemblages from Nuku Hiva Island that were recovered with fine mesh screens, identified using a wide range of skeletal elements, and analysed with morphometric methods. The Hakaea Beach results demonstrate that mass capture of small fishes was especially important at this locality and sustained over three early, successive occupations. These patterns may reflect the nature of the local fisheries, preferential use of high-return capture strategies in this reef-limited setting, and/or purposeful avoidance of ciguatera-prone fishes and a preference for less vulnerable fishes. Overall, our findings highlight geographic variation in early Marquesan fisheries and provide archaeological evidence that mass capture technologies had an important place in the maritime toolkits of the earliest East Polynesian fishers.",
+        "output": "Mass capture fishing in the Marquesas Islands",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 16 (IANS) India's trade deficit may turn volatile in the coming months given the supply-side disruptions in the Red Sea due to the attacks on commercial ships by Houthi rebels in retaliation to Israel\u2019s action in Gaza, according to a report by Global Investment Bank, Nomura.The report said that India\u2019s merchandise trade deficit narrowed to $19.8 billion in Dec from $20.6 billion in November as exports posted a 0.96 per cent growth while imports contracted by 4.9 percent.\u201cHowever, with the escalation in the Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, ships are now being forced to avoid the Suez Canal route to Europe. This impact is expected to show up in a slowdown in exports during Jan,\u201d the report said.It said that the sharp rise in transit costs and transportation times are likely to hit Indian trade, especially with Europe and the US, with news reports suggesting that some 65 per cent of exports to Europe are now having to use the longer route around the Cape of Good Hope.\u201cSurging freight and insurance costs are likely to hit exports, already evidenced by news reports that daily petroleum exports to Europe have fallen by over 70 per cent,\u201d it said.Nomura estimates that the current account deficit (CAD) will widen to 1.6 per cent of GDP in Q4 of 2023-24 from 1 per cent of GDP a quarter ago. Overall, despite the geopolitical tensions, they estimate that CAD will fall to 1.1 per cent of GDP in FY24 from 2 per cent of GDP in FY23.It said that Europe typically accounts for 15-16 per cent of Indian exports, while the US accounts for 17-18 per cent.The report said that the rising cost of logistics and a possible escalation in crude oil prices could lead to an increase in the country\u2019s import bill.\u201cIf exports fall sharply while the cost of imports escalates, then the merchandise trade deficit can widen,\u201d Nomura report said.--IANSpannu/dan",
-        "output": "India's trade deficit may widen due to supply-side disruptions in the Red Sea caused by Houthi attacks, leading to a slowdown in exports and an increase in transit costs and transportation times, particularly with Europe and the US. Nomura estimates the current account deficit to widen to 1.6% of GDP in Q4 of 2023-24.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeThis study aims to examine the influence of perceived organizational support (POS) on boundary-spanning behaviors (BSBs) among frontline employees in the hospitality industry. It also considered perceived supervisory support (PSS) as a moderating factor within a conceptual model.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from 651 full-time hospitality employees across 12 hotels in China. The analysis of the data used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings revealed that POS influences hospitality boundary spanners' BSBs, specifically external representation (ER), internal influence (II) and service delivery (SD). In addition, PSS moderates the relationship between POS and these frontline employees' behaviors.Practical implicationsThis study offers practical strategies for hospitality professionals to enhance frontline employees' BSBs and foster supportive workplaces that drive employee excellence. These strategies encompass cultivating a supportive organizational culture, implementing supportive measures, fostering a sense of belonging among employees and ensuring supervisors' well-being and competence in supporting their teams during daily interactions. These actions effectively motivate customer-contact employees to excel in their performance.Originality/valueFostering a helpful attitude in frontline employees is crucial for service firms' success. Hospitality organizations must provide support to achieve this. Few studies have explored how organizational support contributes positively to the BSBs of customer-contact employees. This study goes beyond oversimplification and delves into the nuanced interplay between perceived support (POS and PSS) and hospitality frontline employees' BSBs, focusing on ER, II and SD. The moderated mediating model enhances the understanding of support dynamics in the organizational context.",
+        "output": "Unveiling connections between organizational dimensions, employee performance and boundary-spanning behaviors: a study on perceived organizational support and perceived supervisory support",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cattle domestication and subsequent spread caused unprecedented biological, economic, ecological and social transformations in human history. Cyprus was one of the first places domestic taurine cattle were transported to outside of their core domestication region, making it a hotspot in which to investigate cattle acclimatisation and management practices. Accumulated archaeological, iconographic and zooarchaeological evidence has shed much light on the economic and socio-ideological significance of cattle in prehistoric Cypriot society, particularly from the Early Bronze Age onwards. However, little information exists on the mechanisms through which prehistoric cattle breeders experimented with this new, large, multifunctional and symbolically potent animal. Here, we use an integrated approach that combines zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data to reconstruct human-cattle interactions and cattle management in an island context. Stable carbon (delta 13C) and oxygen (delta 18O) isotopes were applied to a small sample (n = 16) of cattle (Bos sp.) and goat (Capra hircus) teeth from three key sites, spanning the Pre-pottery Neolithic B to the Middle Bronze Age. The results highlight discrepancies in patterns of isotopic variation between Bronze Age goat and cattle, likely reflecting differences in mobility and the more intensive management of cattle through the provision of fodder. Additionally, we observe differences in the isotope values of cattle through time (Neolithic vs. Bronze Age) and space (upland versus inland), which might be related to local resource availability as well as alterations in climate and environment. In spite of the small sample size, this current work highlights the potential of integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data for addressing questions relevant to animal husbandry practices during key archaeological periods in Cyprus and beyond, inviting future research on the topic.",
-        "output": "Human-cattle interactions in PPNB and Early/Middle Bronze Age Cyprus! integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotope data",
+        "input": "The premise that pathogen colonized microplastics (MPs) can promote the spread of pathogens has been widely recognized, however, their role in the colonization of pathogens in a host intestine has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on the colonization levels of Aeromonas veronii, a typical aquatic pathogen, in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) intestine. Multiple types of MPs were observed to promote the intestinal colonization of A. veronii, among which PS-MPs exhibited the most significant stimulating effect (67.18% increase in A. veronii colonization). PS-MPs inflicted serious damage to the intestinal tracts of loaches and induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The abundance of certain intestinal bacteria with resistance against A. veronii colonization decreased, with Lactococcus sp. showing the strongest colonization resistance (73.64% decline in A. veronii colonization). Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed, which revealed that PS-MPs induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis was responsible for the increased colonization of A. veronii in the intestine. It was determined that PS-MPs reshaped the intestinal microbiota community to attenuate the colonization resistance against A. veronii colonization, resulting in an elevated intestinal colonization levels of A. veronii.",
+        "output": "Polystyrene microplastics promote intestinal colonization of Aeromonas veronii through inducing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Participation in arts, culture, and entertainment (PACE) activities may promote adolescent wellbeing. However, little is known about how such activities cluster together, and previous research has used small samples, cross-sectional designs, focused on single activities, and/or has not considered the influence of socio-demographic factors on participation. Using latent class analysis, the aims of this study were to establish: (i) classes of adolescent PACE activities; (ii) associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification; and, (iii) whether PACE classification predicts later wellbeing. Longitudinal data from the #BeeWell study (N = 18,224 adolescents; mean age at T1 = 12 years 7 months (+/- 3.56 months); 50.54% female) were analyzed. Four latent classes were established: the 'Dynamic Doers' (high, wide-ranging participation; 11.87%); the 'Mind and Body Crew' (reading, arts, videogames, sports/exercise; 39.81%); the 'Game and Gain Squad' (videogames and sports/exercise; 29.05%); and the 'Activity Free Adolescents' (uniformly low participation; 19.27%). Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification were observed (e.g., socio-economic disadvantage increased the likelihood of Activity Free Adolescents classification, compared to Game and Gain Squad classification). Finally, PACE classification predicted later wellbeing (e.g., Dynamic Doers reported significantly higher wellbeing than Activity Free Adolescents). These findings are discussed in relation to the need to improve accessibility and appeal of arts, culture, and entertainment provision for adolescents as a means to optimize their wellbeing.Pre-registration The analysis plan for this study was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework and can be found here: https://osf.io/2jtpd",
-        "output": "Do Patterns of Adolescent Participation in Arts, Culture and Entertainment Activities Predict Later Wellbeing? A Latent Class Analysis",
+        "input": "Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.",
+        "output": "Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "To investigate the influences of geometrical size and discharge voltage of the pulse discharge equipment on the fracture characteristics and mechanisms of sandstone under high-voltage pulses, a series of experiments was conducted using a high-voltage pulse discharge device on sandstone circular disc specimens of sandstone with a thickness of 10 mm. These experiments covered a range of disc diameters ranging from 50 mm to 142 mm and discharge voltages from 15 kV to 40 kV. Through these experiments, the fracture characteristics of sandstone at both macroscopic and microscopic levels were investigated. In the experiments, a quantitative analysis of surface fracture was undertaken based on fracture density and fractal damage. Additionally, using the principle of energy equivalence, numerical simulation methods were used to study the damage evolution process in sandstone. The research results indicate that the formation and distribution of fractures in the sandstone specimens are significantly affected by geometrical size and discharge voltage. By analyzing the interaction between stress waves and fracture propagation, combined with indoor experimental results, the fracture mechanism was revealed. The high temperature and shock wave generated by the plasma channel leads to the crushing zone near the electrode, while the circumferential tensile component of the stress wave can result in radial fractures, and the reflected tensile wave leads to circumferential and radial fractures near the boundary.",
-        "output": "Study on fracture characteristics and mechanisms of red sandstone under high-voltage pulse discharge",
+        "input": "Two public health reports from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published in 1988 and 2003 by the Institute of Medicine continue to resonate. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a robust and adequately funded public health system that has political and public support as well as strong connections to health care and other sectors. However, a spate of recent assessments of the nation's public health infrastructure shows continuing gaps in funding, workforce, capacity, and other dimensions. There are reasons for optimism and opportunities for progress in public health in the third decade of the 21st century. There is great promise in cross-sector partnerships and in embracing the public in public health by building power with communities in health improvement efforts and in decision-making. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):495-500. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307584).",
+        "output": "Revisiting the IOM Reports and Envisioning a Promising Future for Public Health.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) The 197 points decline in Nifty on January 8 despite marginal buying by both FIIs and DIIs indicates strong build up of short positions in the market, said V.K. Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist, Geojit Financial Services.Long positions are steadily declining and short positions are building up. This short build up is on bearish expectations that the present high valuations are difficult to sustain and some triggers may lead to sharp corrections, he said.This expectation need not be realised since global cues have again turned positive on a rally in the US market. Domestic cues are looking good. Buy on dips strategy may work again leading to some short covering, he said.Strong JLR numbers from Tata Motors (NS:TAMO) and the attractive buy back offer from  Bajaj Auto  (NS:BAJA) will give support to the Nifty Auto Index. The real estate segment is doing well and the margin expansion happening in the industry bodes well for the sector. But the good news is in the price, he said.BSE Sensex is up 548 points at 71,903 points on Tuesday led by IT stocks. Tata Motors is up 2 per cent. HCL Tech (NS:HCLT) is up 1.5 per cent.--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Despite marginal buying by FIIs and DIIs, Nifty declined 197 points on January 8 due to strong build-up of short positions in the market, indicating bearish expectations of unsustainable high valuations. However, positive global cues and strong domestic cues may lead to short covering and support the market.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
+        "output": "A scientist for president.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
-        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
+        "input": "Inefficient education is a cause of anxiety and low self-efficacy among caregivers, especially for those caring for patients with tracheostomy. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the outcomes of tracheostomy care education by mannequin-based simulation and smartphone application. The participants were 126 primary caregivers of tracheostomy patients being discharged home from hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The control group received routine care. Caregiver self-efficacy was assessed using the Caregiver Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prior to the education and 1 month after. There were significant differences among the three groups regarding the mean scores of self-efficacy and anxiety. There was a significant increase in self-efficacy (P \u2264 .0001) and a significant decrease in anxiety (P \u2264 .0001) scores after the intervention. The intergroup comparison showed a significant difference between the intervention groups and the control group in terms of changes in the anxiety and self-efficacy scores of caregivers (P < .001).",
+        "output": "A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Tracheostomy Training using Mannequin-Based Simulation and Smartphone Application on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety of Caregivers.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of electric vehicle giant, Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) are trending down more than 1.5% in pre-market trading Thursday morning after it was announced that the company notified workers at its California car plant of pay increases across its US factories.This announcement marks the latest bump by a nonunion automaker as the United Autoworkers Union (UAW) works to increase membership in the U.S.Tesla's facility in Fremont, California, has announced a \"market adjustment pay increase\" for all US production associates, material handlers, and quality inspectors as a part of the new year kickoff. However, documents viewed by Bloomberg News do not specify the exact percentage of the pay raise, and queries directed to Tesla's senior director of human resources remain unanswered.Tesla is joining the ranks of   Toyota   (NYSE:TM), Volkswagen, and Hyundai in increasing pay for employees at its US plants. This move comes in the wake of historic labor agreements secured by the UAW for workers at Ford (NYSE:F), General Motors (NYSE:GM), and Stellantis (NYSE:STLA) in 2023.The union is leveraging their success in negotiations to pursue organizing nonunion locations at Tesla and twelve other manufacturers, with the goal of doubling the number of auto workers within its membership.Tesla CEO, Elon Musk has consistently expressed skepticism and criticism towards the UAW and unions in general. Additionally, Musk has been placing a growing emphasis on the significance of cost-cutting measures. He has argued that the challenge lies in making electric vehicles more affordable, especially as rising interest rates counteract the impact of repeated price reductions.The recent decision to increase pay for production workers is likely to complicate what Musk previously referred to as the \"game of pennies\" during Tesla's last earnings call. It's worth noting that Tesla has a global workforce of around 140,000 employees, with approximately half of them based in the United States.Shares of TSLA re down 1.54% in pre-market trading Thursday morning.",
-        "output": "Tesla's Fremont plant announced pay increases for US production workers, joining other automakers in raising wages amid UAW's efforts to organize nonunion locations, despite CEO Elon Musk's skepticism towards unions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The progress of dentistry towards a profession allied to medicine and surgery was incremental, and a most important step in that process was the separation of the surgeons from the barbers in 1745. Hogarth's illustration of a dentally active barber has been discussed previously in the British Dental Journal. In this paper, his probable contribution to the campaign for separation led successfully by his friend, surgeon John Ranby FRS (1703-1773), through the dramatic and much analysed painting The death of the countess (1743), is analysed. In this paper, it is suggested that William Hogarth was not only aware of the tensions between the physicians, surgeons and barbers that had come to a head, but that he modified the first thoughts, seen in a sketch (now at the Ashmolean, Oxford), to incorporate in this painting, and the print made from it a conspicuous sub-scene, almost central in a composition where the dying countess would be expected to be the only subject, as a satirical comment on that internal conflict.Provides a history of dentistry and professional advance.Focuses on William Hogarth and John Ranby FRS.Delves into medical ethics at the time.",
+        "output": "John Ranby FRS, William Hogarth and the Barber Surgeons",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "To determine changes in Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis detection rates, we analyzed 1.43 million respiratory multiplex PCR test results from US facilities from 2019 through mid-2023. From mid-2022 through mid-2023, Bordetella spp. detection increased 8.5-fold; 95% of detections were B. parapertussis. While B. parapertussis rates increased, B. pertussis rates decreased.",
-        "output": "Reemergence of Bordetella parapertussis, United States, 2019-2023.",
+        "input": "Biased skeletal part representation is a key element for making inferences about transport decisions, carcass procurement, and use patterns in anthropogenic accumulations. In the absence of destructive taphonomic processes, it is often assumed that the abundance of different anatomical portions represents selective transport and discard patterns of human groups. Because body parts may be transported for specific products such as meat, marrow or grease, a pattern that usually attracts attention in many archaeological sites is the low proportions of appendicular epiphyses. Here we present the case of faunal assemblages from the lower stratigraphic sequence of Qesem Cave, Israel, dated to ca. 430 to 300 ka. All bone accumulations are characterized by a biased skeletal profile including mainly long-limb bones and a virtual absence of epiphyses. The assemblages also show density-mediated attrition not linked to fossil-diagenetic processes, a targeted specific destruction to the most greasy articular ends and an almost total absence of carnivore intervention. Our goal here is to explore the processes that entail the destruction of appendicular epiphyses at Qesem Cave, as well as propose viable hypotheses to explain their underrepresentation on-site. Our results shed light on the domestic activities linked to the processing of bones at the site and support the importance of animal grease in the caloric intake of Middle Pleistocene humans.",
+        "output": "Exploring the lack of articular ends at the Middle Pleistocene site of Qesem Cave, Israel.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 11 (IANS)  Life Insurance  Corporation (NS:LIFI) of India has received orders for Rs 3,528 crore from Income Tax authorities regarding Income Tax demand issued by Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Mumbai.\"Corporation shall file an appeal before Commissioner (Appeals), Mumbai against the said orders within the prescribed timelines. There is no material impact on financials, operations or other activities of the Corporation due to the abovementioned orders,\" the LIC said.Pursuant to issuance of order giving effect of order of ITAT, the Income Tax Department has issued intimation for a refund of Rs. 25,464.46 crore. The ITAT had directed the assessing officer to examine the factual matrix/utilisation of surplus and decide in accordance with law with respect to issue of disallowance/addition on account of interim bonus made in the assessment order.On reconsideration, the Assessing Officer disallowed the same. Tax effect of such disallowance comes to Rs 2,133.67 crore. This pertains to AY 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20.The ITAT had directed the assessing officer to examine the factual matrix/utilisation of surplus and decide in accordance with law with respect to issue of disallowance/addition on account of interim bonus made in the assessment order. On reconsideration, the Assessing Officer disallowed the same. and issued a demand notice for Rs 1,395.08 crore. This pertains to AY 2015-16.--IANS",
-        "output": "LIC received orders for Rs 3,528 crore from Income Tax authorities regarding Income Tax demand, and it will file an appeal against the orders. The ITAT had directed the assessing officer to examine the factual matrix/utilisation of surplus and decide in accordance with law with respect to issue of disallowance/addition on account of interim bonus made in the assessment order.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Archaeological evidence supports sporadic seafaring visits to the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus by Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers over 12,000 years ago, followed by permanent settlements during the early Neolithic. The geographical origins of these early seafarers have so far remained elusive. By systematically analysing all available genomes from the late Pleistocene to early Holocene Near East (c. 14,000-7000 cal BCE), we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of the early Neolithic Fertile Crescent and Anatolia and infer the likely origins of three recently published genomes from Kissonerga-Mylouthkia (Cypriot Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, c. 7600-6800 cal BCE). These appear to derive roughly 80% of their ancestry from Aceramic Neolithic Central Anatolians residing in or near the Konya plain, and the remainder from a genetically basal Levantine population. Based on genome-wide weighted ancestry covariance analysis, we infer that this admixture event took place roughly between 14,000 and 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the transition from the Cypriot late Epipaleolithic to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA). Additionally, we identify strong genetic affinities between the examined Cypro-LPPNB individuals and later northwestern Anatolians and the earliest European Neolithic farmers. Our results inform archaeological evidence on prehistoric demographic processes in the Eastern Mediterranean, providing important insights into early seafaring, maritime connections, and insular settlement.",
+        "output": "Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of early settlers on the island of Cyprus.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence is important to evidence-based practice. Hence, the application of evidence-based practice requires relevant skills and an understanding of science, which therefore need to be learned and trained during the undergraduate program in physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes, perceived competence, and conditions for a scientific approach among physiotherapy students in Sweden, and to compare attitudes and perceived competence between students in different program years.METHODS: Physiotherapy students from six universities (n=1499) were invited to respond to a digital survey. The survey contained questions regarding attitudes toward science, perceived competence in research interpretations and open comments regarding requirements for a strengthened scientific approach during education. Comparisons between education years were performed with ANOVA/Kruskal\u2012Wallis test (scale outcomes) and logistic regression (binary outcomes).RESULTS: A total of 466 students responded to the survey. In total, 57% (n=266) of the students had a high interest in science. No significant difference in interest in science was found between students in the three program years, but 75% (n=347) reported increased interest during the program. A perceived high ability to understand the structure and performance of scientific studies was reported by 31% (n=144), to evaluate the methodology by 16% (n=72) and to interpret statistical results from scientific studies by 12% (n=55). The lowest perceived competence was reported among students in their second year (p<0.05). A majority of the students (88%; n=410) reported a perceived personal need for strengthened conditions for a scientific approach, with suggested prerequisites during education via increased theoretical and applied understanding of the research.CONCLUSION: Even though this study does not fully cover physiotherapy students at all undergraduate programmes in Sweden, the results support that a scientific approach and training should be strengthened during education to enable physiotherapists to understand and interpret science and to fully apply an evidence-based approach in upcoming clinical practice. Both theoretical and applied knowledge and understanding are needed.",
-        "output": "Scientific approach, attitudes, and perspectives on research among Swedish physiotherapy students-a cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "Construction remains a male-dominated industry, with women underrepresented both numerically and hierarchically. However, the growing shortage of construction professionals and skilled workers can be addressed by engaging more women in the industry. The present study sought to answer two research questions: What are the major barriers hindering the participation of women in construction? and Is there any relationship between lean implementation and overcoming these barriers? The study investigated women's challenges and the relationship with Lean principles through a literature review and expert interviews. Two pillars of Lean, Continuous Improvement and Respect for People, were identified as potential mechanisms to support female practitioners, helping to eliminate the barriers identified. The study conducted 27 semistructured interviews to collect data on Lean benefits and their impact on gender diversity. Findings indicate that Lean provides team-related benefits, such as a psychologically safe and respectful environment, transparency, diversity, and inclusion, helping women build positive career experiences.",
+        "output": "Exploring the Barriers to Women in Construction and the Opportunities Presented through Lean",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HANOI - Vietnam is set to achieve a 6% growth in its gross domestic product (GDP) for the year 2024, a target that aligns with the projections made by HSBC and the expectations of the National Assembly. The Southeast Asian nation is experiencing an economic upswing, buoyed by substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, which saw $36.6 billion registered and $23.2 billion implemented in the preceding year.The country's economic growth is being propelled by a robust services sector and a strong manufacturing base, especially in the electronics segment. This has been instrumental in cementing Vietnam's role in the global technology supply chain.China has emerged as a top investor in Vietnam's technology sector, overtaking traditional leaders like Japan and South Korea. This surge in investment is a testament to Vietnam's growing importance as a hub for tech manufacturing.Additionally, Vietnam's adoption of a global minimum tax rate of 15% for large corporations is anticipated to bolster its tax revenue streams. This move is part of a wider international effort to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a fair share of taxes.While the economic forecast is positive, Vietnam still faces challenges such as trade volatility and inflation. However, inflation is expected to remain at a moderate level, which may help stabilize the economy amidst global uncertainties.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Vietnam's GDP is projected to grow by 6% in 2024, driven by strong FDI inflows, a robust services sector, and a thriving manufacturing base, particularly in electronics. China has become a major investor in Vietnam's tech sector, contributing to its growing role in the global technology supply chain.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular mortality continued declining from 2000 to 2019, the rate of this decrease decelerated. We aimed to assess the trends and disparities in risk factor control and treatment among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to find potential causes of the deceleration.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 55,021 participants, aged \u226520years, from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included, of which 5717 were with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Risk factor control was defined as hemoglobin A1c <7%, blood pressure <140/90mmHg, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL. The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease oscillated between 7.3% and 8.9% from 1999 to 2018. A significant increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, and self-reported hypertension within the population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Ptrend\u22640.001). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL increased from 7.1% in 1999 to 2002 to 15.7% in 2003 to 2006, before plateauing. Blood pressure control (<140/90mmHg) increased until 2011 to 2014, but declined to 70.1% in 2015 to 2018 (Ptrend<0.001, Pjoinpoint=0.14). Similarly, the proportion of participants achieving hemoglobin A1c control began to decrease after 2006 (Pjoinpoint=0.05, Ptrend=0.001). The percentage of participants achieving all 3 targets increased significantly from 4.5% to 18.6% across 1999 to 2018 (Ptrend=0.02), but the increasing trend decelerated after 2005 to 2006 (Pjoinpoint<0.001). Striking disparities in risk factor control and medication use persisted between sexes, and between different racial and ethnic populations.CONCLUSIONS: Worsened control of glycemia, blood pressure, obesity, and alcohol consumption, leveled lipid control, and persistent socioeconomic disparities may be contributing factors to the observed deceleration in decreasing cardiovascular mortality trends.",
+        "output": "Trends and Disparities in Treatment and Control of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults, 1999 to 2018.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Aflatoxins from the fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) that contaminate stored peanuts is a major hazard to human health worldwide. Reducing A. flavus in soil can decrease the risk of aflatoxins in stored peanuts. In this experiment, we determined whether peanuts grown on soil fumigated with dazomet (DZ), metham sodium (MS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chloropicrin (PIC) or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) would reduce of the quantity of A. flavus and its toxin's presence. The results of bioassays and field tests showed that PIC was the most effective fumigant for preventing and controlling A. flavus, followed by MS. PIC and MS applied to the soil for 14 d resulted in LD50 values against A. flavus of 3.558 and 4.893mgkg-1, respectively, leading to almost 100% and 98.82% effectiveness of A. flavus, respectively. Peanuts harvested from fumigated soil and then stored for 60 d resulted in undetectable levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compared to unfumigated soil that contained 0.64ugkg-1 of AFB1, which suggested that soil fumigation can reduce the probability of aflatoxin contamination during peanut storage and showed the potential to increase the safety of peanuts consumed by humans. Further research is planned to determine the practical value of our research in commercial practice.",
-        "output": "The potential for reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored peanuts by soil disinfection.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: More than 767 million coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 6.9 million deaths with COVID-19 have been recorded as of August 2023. Several public health and social measures were implemented in schools to contain the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent onward transmission. We built upon methods from a previous Cochrane review to capture current empirical evidence relating to the effectiveness of school measures to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission.OBJECTIVES: To provide an updated assessment of the evidence on the effectiveness of measures implemented in the school setting to keep schools open safely during the COVID-19 pandemic.SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Educational Resources Information Center, World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease database, and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program COVID-19 Evidence Reviews on 18 February 2022.SELECTION CRITERIA: Eligible studies focused on measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, among students (aged 4 to 18 years) or individuals relating to the school, or both. We categorized studies that reported quantitative measures of intervention effectiveness, and studies that assessed the performance of surveillance measures as either 'main' or 'supporting' studies based on design and approach to handling key confounders. We were interested in transmission-related outcomes and intended or unintended consequences.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors screened titles, abstracts and full texts. We extracted minimal data for supporting studies. For main studies, one review author extracted comprehensive data and assessed risk of bias, which a second author checked. We narratively synthesized findings for each intervention-comparator-outcome category (body of evidence). Two review authors assessed certainty of evidence.MAIN RESULTS: The 15 main studies consisted of measures to reduce contacts (4 studies), make contacts safer (7 studies), surveillance and response measures (6 studies; 1 assessed transmission outcomes, 5 assessed performance of surveillance measures), and multicomponent measures (1 study). These main studies assessed outcomes in the school population (12), general population (2), and adults living with a school-attending child (1). Settings included K-12 (kindergarten to grade 12; 9 studies), secondary (3 studies), and K-8 (kindergarten to grade 8; 1 study) schools. Two studies did not clearly report settings. Studies measured transmission-related outcomes (10), performance of surveillance measures (5), and intended and unintended consequences (4). The 15 main studies were based in the WHO regions of the Americas (12), Europe (2), and Eastern Mediterranean (1). Comparators were more versus less intense measures, single versus multicomponent measures, and measures versus no measures. We organized results into relevant bodies of evidence, or groups of studies relating to the same 'intervention-comparator-outcome' categories. Across all bodies of evidence, certainty of evidence ratings limit our confidence in findings. Where we describe an effect as 'beneficial', the direction of the point estimate of the e\ufb00ect favours the intervention; a 'harmful' e\ufb00ect does not favour the intervention and 'null' shows no effect either way. Measures to reduce contact (4 studies) We grouped studies into 21 bodies of evidence: moderate- (10 bodies), low- (3 bodies), or very low-certainty evidence (8 bodies). The evidence was very low to moderate certainty for beneficial effects of remote versus in-person or hybrid teaching on transmission in the general population. For students and staff, mostly harmful effects were observed when more students participated in remote teaching. Moderate-certainty evidence showed that in the general population there was probably no effect on deaths and a beneficial effect on hospitalizations for remote versus in-person teaching, but no effect for remote versus hybrid teaching. The effects of hybrid teaching, a combination of in-person and remote teaching, were mixed. Very low-certainty evidence showed that there may have been a harmful e\ufb00ect on risk of infection among adults living with a school student for closing playgrounds and cafeterias, a null e\ufb00ect for keeping the same teacher, and a beneficial e\ufb00ect for cancelling extracurricular activities, keeping the same students together and restricting entry for parents and caregivers. Measures to make contact safer (7 studies) We grouped studies into eight bodies of evidence: moderate- (5 bodies), and low-certainty evidence (3 bodies). Low-certainty evidence showed that there may have been a beneficial effect of mask mandates on transmission-related outcomes. Moderate-certainty evidence showed full mandates were probably more beneficial than partial or no mandates. Evidence of a beneficial effect of physical distancing on risk of infection among staff and students was mixed. Moderate-certainty evidence showed that ventilation measures probably reduce cases among sta\ufb00 and students. One study (very low-certainty evidence) found that there may be a beneficial e\ufb00ect of not sharing supplies and increasing desk space on risk of infection for adults living with a school student, but showed there may be a harmful e\ufb00ect of desk shields. Surveillance and response measures (6 studies) We grouped studies into seven bodies of evidence: moderate- (3 bodies), low- (1 body), and very low-certainty evidence (3 bodies). Daily testing strategies to replace or reduce quarantine probably helped to reduce missed school days and decrease the proportion of asymptomatic school contacts testing positive (moderate-certainty evidence). For studies that assessed the performance of surveillance measures, the proportion of cases detected by rapid antigen detection testing ranged from 28.6% to 95.8%, positive predictive value ranged from 24.0% to 100.0% (very low-certainty evidence). There was probably no onward transmission from contacts of a positive case (moderate-certainty evidence) and replacing or shortening quarantine with testing may have reduced missed school days (low-certainty evidence). Multicomponent measures (1 study) Combining multiple measures may have led to a reduction in risk of infection among adults living with a student (very low-certainty evidence).AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A range of measures can have a beneficial effect on transmission-related outcomes, healthcare utilization and school attendance. We rated the current findings at a higher level of certainty than the original review. Further high-quality research into school measures to control SARS-CoV-2 in a wider variety of contexts is needed to develop a more evidence-based understanding of how to keep schools open safely during COVID-19 or a similar public health emergency.",
+        "output": "Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This research combines Strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86) and Oxygen (delta O-18) isotope analysis to challenge the prevailing interpretation of patrilocal exogamic practices among eastern European Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) communities. Patrilocality has been considered the key factor influencing the mobility patterns of central Europe's first farmers (c. 5500-4900 cal. BC), especially in the south-eastern Moravian region (Czech Republic). Focusing our attention on both male and female tooth enamel samples from cemeteries, settlement graves and small clusters of graves, this paper reassesses the correlation between mobility, biological sex, and funerary practices. This task is accomplished by establishing a new isotopic footprint using new Sr-87/Sr-86 data, as well as significantly increasing the number of sampled individuals for Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta O-18. The outcome of this research contributes to a better understanding of the mobility patterns among early farmers in central Europe, challenging existing theories and providing new insights into their social and cultural dynamics.",
-        "output": "Patrilocality at the Beginning of Farming? An Isotopic Approach from SE Moravia",
+        "input": "In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.",
+        "output": "Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) An IndiGo (NS:INGL) passenger took to social media to express his frustration after enduring what he described as the \"worst flight experience\" of his life with the airline. On Friday, the 10 p.m. Kolkata-Bengaluru flight, normally a routine journey, turned into a nightmarish ordeal for the passenger marked by a series of delays, totlaling a staggering seven hours.The user named Deedy, in a series of posts on X, said: \"I had the worst flight experience of my life last night, with Indigo. My 10 PM Calcutta-Bangalore flight left at 4.41 AM, after 6 delays totaling 7 hrs. I missed an international flight. 'Always on-time' is false advertising from @IndiGo6E. I\u2019d avoid flying them again.\"According to the disgruntled passenger, IndiGo, despite facing delays exceeding six hours, failed to offer the mandatory alternate flight and refund as required by aviation laws.Deedy outlined the sequence of delays, ranging from half an hour to a staggering four hours, before the flight eventually departed at 4.41 a.m. arriving at its destination at 7.02 a.m.At approximately 12.20 AM, frustrated and realising the impact on his international connection, Deedy decided to cancel his IndiGo flight and book a direct flight to San Francisco. He claimed it took the IndiGo team an additional two hours, until 2.20 a.m., to cancel his flight and return his checked-in luggage.Deedy alleged that IndiGo employees initially resisted the cancellation, stating, \"we won't do cancellations\". Adding insult to injury, Deedy also said that the misleading information provided by some IndiGo employees who dismissed the delays as \"regulation procedure.\" Furthermore, he shared an encounter with a person who condescendingly advised him to keep \"at least TWELVE hours between flights\" for international travel.Deedy clarified that the delays were not due to fog, a common occurrence during December to February in India. While certain flights experience fog-related delays of approximately an hour, IndiGo's delays on this occasion were unrelated to adverse weather conditions.Expressing his frustration, he posted: \"Absolutely zero respect for other people's time and money.\"In response to the tweets, IndiGo issued a statement, expressing regret for the inconvenience caused to Deedy and assuring him of a full refund, which he would receive between 5-7 business days. The airline acknowledged the importance of travellers' arrangements and claimed that such experiences were not reflective of their intended level of service.--IANSssh/vd",
-        "output": "IndiGo passenger Deedy endured a 7-hour delay on a Kolkata-Bengaluru flight, missing an international connection due to the airline's failure to provide an alternate flight or refund as required by law.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
+        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in African countries with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 349 participants from 52 households in The Gambia between March 2021 and June 2022, with routine weekly SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 6-monthly SARS-CoV-2 serology. Attack rates of 45% and 57% were seen during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves respectively. Eighty-four percent of RT-PCR-positive infections were asymptomatic. Children under 5-years had a lower incidence of infection than 18-49-year-olds. One prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced infection risk during the Delta wave only, with immunity from \u22652 prior infections required to reduce the risk of infection with early Omicron lineage viruses. In an African population with high levels of infection-driven immunity and low vaccine coverage, we find high attack rates during SARS-CoV-2 waves, with a high proportion of asymptomatic infections and young children remaining relatively protected from infection.",
-        "output": "High SARS-CoV-2 incidence and asymptomatic fraction during Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves in The Gambia.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this educational intervention was to introduce, iteratively adapt, and implement a digital formative assessment tool in a surgical speciality. The study also evaluated the intervention's impact on perioperative teaching, learning, feedback, and surgical competency.DESIGN: A participatory action research model with a mixed methods approach.SETTING: This study was performed over 10 months in an institutional hospital in South Africa with a general surgery department.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve supervising surgical trainers/faculty and 12 surgical trainees/residents consented to participate in the intervention.RESULTS: The first 4 months of the intervention focused on relationship building, a multi-stakeholder contextual needs assessment and training sessions to support a shared mindset and shift in the teaching and learning culture. The final adapted perioperative competency-building tool comprised a 23-item assessment with four open-text answers (Table 1). Over the following 6-month period, 48 workplace-based competency-building perioperative evaluations were completed. Most trainees took less than 5 minutes to self-assess (67%) before most trainers (67%) took less than 5 minutes to give oral feedback to the trainee after the perioperative supervised learning encounter. On average, the digital tool took 6 minutes to complete during the bidirectional perioperative teaching and learning encounter with no negative impact on the operational flow. All trainers and trainees reported the training and implementation of the digital tool to be beneficial to teaching, learning, feedback, and the development of surgical competency. Analysis of the completed tools revealed several trainees showing evidence of progression in surgical competency for index procedures within the speciality. The focus groups and interviews also showed a change in the teaching and learning culture: more positively framed, frequent, structured, and specific feedback, improved accountability, and trainee-trainer perioperative readiness for teaching. Highlighted changes included the usefulness of trainee self-assessment before perioperative trainer feedback and the tool's value in improving competency to Kirkpatrick Level 4.CONCLUSION: Implementing an adapted digital Workplace-Based Assessment (WBA) tool using a participatory action research model has proven successful in enhancing the effectiveness of supervised perioperative teaching and learning encounters. This approach has improved teaching and feedback practices, facilitated the development of surgical competency, and ultimately impacted the overall culture to Kirkpatrick level 4. Importantly, it has positively influenced the trainee-trainer relationship dynamic. Based on these positive outcomes, we recommend using this effective method and our relationship-centred framework for implementing formative competency-building tools in future studies. By doing so, larger-scale and successful implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) could be achieved in various contexts. This approach can potentially enhance teaching and learning encounters, promote competency development, and improve the overall educational experience for surgical trainees and trainers.",
+        "output": "Implementation and Impact of an Adapted Digital Perioperative Competency-Building Tool to Enhance Teaching, Learning And Feedback in Postgraduate Competency-Based Medical Education.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 16 (IANS) Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu (NS:TNNP) were ranked as the best performing states in India at the startups awards function held here on Tuesday.Addressing the startup awards and state ranking awards function, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said startups are playing a pivotal role in India's journey towards becoming a developed nation by 2047.He highlighted the diverse sectors in which startups are making substantial contributions, ranging from MedTech, FinTech, AgroTech to the aviation sector, drones, and simulators. He identified tourism as a sector with untapped potential, encouraging startups to explore innovative ideas around sustainable tourism.He pointed out that PM Modi had said at the Vibrant Gujarat summit that the priority is New Age Skills, Futuristic Tech, AI & Innovation.Expressing appreciation for the achievements in sectors like millets and food processing, Goyal urged startups to focus on new areas such as artificial intelligence (AI). He encouraged them to come up with ideas that make life easier and revolutionise existing ways of working.The minister commended the significant progress made in the startup sector over the last eight years, stating that what was once a novelty has now become an integral part of the national mainstream.Goyal expressed confidence in the entrepreneurial spirit of both the young and old, urging them to contribute their unique perspectives and ideas to the startup ecosystem. He reiterated that age should not be a barrier to engage with new ideas and foster innovation.The Minister noted that India has emerged as the third-largest startup ecosystem globally, realizing the dreams of countless entrepreneurs and introducing innovative ways of doing business.During his address, Goyal outlined key initiatives that will be taken to further support startups, including the categorisation of startups into different sectors for more focused interactions, the sanitisation of data to identify their locations and track development stage of the startups, and efforts to ensure all startups are registered on the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) portal.The Minister called for greater collaboration and mentoring through the MAARG portal - Mentorship, Advisory, Assistance, Resilience and Growth of Startup India. He emphasised the importance of outreach and on-boarding startups with the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) as the process for onboarding of startups has been simplified. He encouraged startups to register for patent, copyright, and trademark protections as the fees have been reduced for them.Goyal announced that \u2018Startup Maha Kumbh\u2019 is scheduled to be organised in March 2024. He assured continued government support for the startup ecosystem, inviting entrepreneurs to leverage the vast consumer market and work collaboratively to transition from an emerging to a developed startup system.--IANSpannu/vd",
-        "output": "Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu were ranked as the best performing states in India at the startups awards function held in New Delhi on Tuesday. India has emerged as the third-largest startup ecosystem globally, realizing the dreams of countless entrepreneurs and introducing innovative ways of doing business.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Populism impacts policy choices and may contribute to fuelling crises and limiting the prospects for conflict resolution. This paper applies a multidimensional populism theoretical framework to compare quantitatively and qualitatively 18 speeches by Mahmoud Abbas and Benjamin Netanyahu at the United Nations General Assembly between 2010 and 2019. Our analysis shows that while both Abbas and Netanyahu use populist language-mostly focused on antagonistic, moral and idealised depictions of the 'people' and the 'other'-the latter consistently displayed a greater density of populist references in his UN speeches over the period analysed. Netanyahu's discourses were both more aggressive and exclusionary and made more allusions to religion and securitisation than those of the Palestinian leader. His framing essentialised the 'us' ('the Jewish people') as threatened by an 'enemy'; what he called 'militant Islam'. By contrast, Abbas referred more to borders as a requirement for statehood. Their different communicative frames and language suggest discrepant worldviews. Abbas's speeches reflected a more 'liberal' conception of international relations, relying more on international cooperation, institutions, and regulation to resolve the Palestinian question, while Netanyahu conveyed a realpolitik stance and stressed his concerns with external threats and willingness to act unilaterally.",
+        "output": "Populism at the UN: comparing Netanyahu's and Abbas's speeches, 2010-19",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Rising diplomatic tensions between India and Canada is reaching Dalal Street too with concerns that the standoff may impact Canadian investment in the Indian markets.Stocks held by Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB), which is among the biggest FPIs investing in the domestic market, have come under pressure since developments on the India-Canada tensions unfolded on Monday night.Shares of new-age startups including Nykaa, Paytm, Zomato and Delhivery lost 1-5 per cent in the last two sessions. In this order, CPPIB holds 1.47 per cent, 1.76 per cent, 2.37 per cent and 6 per cent stake, respectively, in these stocks. Its cumulative stake is valued at around Rs 5,566 crore in these 4 new age companies.Among other key holdings, CPPIB has a 2.68 per cent stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank, valued at over Rs 9,500 crore and 2.18 per cent stake in Indus Towers valued at Rs 1,087 crore. The two stocks were down 1 per cent and 3 per cent, respectively since Monday.Shares of ICICI Bank and Wipro have fallen 3 per cent during this period, while Infosys is down 1 per cent. CPPIB owns nearly $11.92 million in Wipro's US-listed shares, around $21.7 million in the US-listed shares of Infosys, and $10 million in those of ICICI Bank.The tensions between India and Canada have been simmering since Monday night when PM Justin Trudeau alleged India's involvement in the killing of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar.Both the sides have expelled diplomats and issued travel advisories against each other. On Thursday, India suspended visa services for Canadian citizens indefinitely, claimed several reports.Canada is presently the seventh largest country for foreign portfolio investor (FPI) flows into India.According to the National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL), the assets under custody (AUC) of FPIs domiciled in Canada stood at nearly Rs 1.8 trillion ($21 billion) at the end of August.Almost 85 per cent of these investments are in listed equity, while the remaining in debt and hybrid instruments.Apart from domestic companies, CPPIB also has large exposure to real estate investment trusts (REITs) and infrastructure projects.",
-        "output": "Rising diplomatic tensions between India and Canada have impacted Canadian investments in the Indian markets, with stocks held by Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) facing pressure. CPPIB holds significant stakes in new-age startups like Nykaa, Paytm, Zomato, and Delhivery, as well as in established companies like Kotak Mahindra Bank and Indus Towers, with a cumulative value of around Rs 5,566 crore in these companies.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Climate disasters raise the salience of climate change's negative consequences, including climate-induced migration. Policy action to address climate displacement is especially contentious in the United States, where weak support for tackling climate change intersects with high opposition to migration. Do climate disasters foster receptivity toward climate migrants and broader willingness to combat climate change? To study this question, we leverage the occurrence of Hurricane Ian during fielding of a preregistered survey in autumn 2022. Hurricane exposure increased concern about and support for policies to address climate migration. Hurricane exposure also increased support for climate action and belief in anthropogenic climate change. Effects of hurricane exposure cross-cut partisanship, education, age, and other important correlates of climate attitudes but decay within 6 months. Together, these results suggest that climate disasters may briefly increase favorability toward climate migrants and climate policy action but are unlikely to durably mobilize support even in severely impacted areas.",
+        "output": "In the Eye of the Storm: Hurricanes, Climate Migration, and Climate Attitudes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Trent rose 3 per cent to a fresh high of Rs 2,492 on the BSE in Wednesday\u2019s intra-day trade. The stock has surged 12 per cent in the last two days after the company reported strong results for the Sept quarter (Q2FY24).In the past two weeks, the stock of the Tata Group company, which operates a portfolio of retail concepts, has rallied 25 per cent. While it has more than doubled or zoomed 104 per cent in 10 months from a level of Rs 1,220.05 on January 9.Trent on Tuesday reported a strong 55.6 per cent",
-        "output": "Trent shares surged 12% in two days after reporting strong Q2 results, with a 55.6% increase in revenue, leading to a 25% rally in the past two weeks and a 104% surge in 10 months.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Understanding changes to student wellbeing on design modules in a distance higher education setting is difficult. Previous research suggested that environmental, study and skills-related barriers impact the wellbeing of learners at a distance. This study sought to understand the experiences of barriers and what enabled distance design students' wellbeing. It identifies avenues to balance tensions between conflicting experiences of studying design and maintaining wellbeing that our participants disclosed in a longitudinal, qualitative study using repeat interviews, experience sampling and a diary study. The findings provide insights from the learners' perspectives. Students reported strategies on how to deal with open-ended design projects and how to cope with feedback. They revealed how they currently seek and receive support for design work and wellbeing. We uncovered how learners keep to deadlines and how they approach social learning. The study also exposed enabling study rhythms to facilitate creative flow and how creative environments are set up in the learners' homes. Our findings suggest that educators and designers of hybrid and distance design education should pay attention to three key aspects: dealing with uncertainty, learning satisficing and managing creative flow, to enable design students' wellbeing.",
+        "output": "Enabling Students' Wellbeing in Distance Design Education",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India's 10-year benchmark government bond yield could ease as much as 45 basis points (bps) in the first half of 2024, and fixed-income investors could benefit from increasing exposure at the longer end, the fixed-income head at Union Mutual Fund said.\"We expect the 10-year yield to be between 6.75% -7.00% in six months from now,\" said Parijat Agrawal, head of fixed income at Union Asset Management, which had assets worth 136 billion rupees ($1.65 billion) under management as of end-November.\"We expect interest rates to come down moderately in calendar year 2024. Investors may see growth if they take some duration exposure.\" India's benchmark 10-year bond yield eased by around 20 bps from the seven-month peak it touched in early October after fears of additional supply via open market bond sales to draw out banking system liquidity gripped markets.Agrawal said the idea of the US Federal Reserve cutting rates is likely to nudge the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) towards lowering effective policy rates.\"We may see the change in stance first, followed by a cut in the policy rate towards the end of the first quarter of next fiscal year.\"The RBI raised the repo rate by 250 bps in the previous financial year to 6.50% but has maintained status quo on rates and its stance in the last five policies.The Fed hinted at a pivot in its December policy, and signalled three potential rate cuts totalling 75 bps in 2024.The U.S. central bank has hiked rates by 525 bps between March 2022 to July 2023.Market participants, however, seem far more aggressive in pricing in Fed rate cuts. They expect nearly 150 bps worth of reduction, with the first cut seen as early as March.On the domestic front, the RBI's rate cut cycle is widely expected to be shallower, with Agrawal expecting an easing of only 25-50 bps in 2024.However, the bond market sentiment will remain positive, in line with global central banks' narrative, reduced concerns over fiscal deficit and prospects of continued foreign inflows from the inclusion of bonds in the JPMorgan emerging market debt index, he added.",
-        "output": "India's 10-year benchmark government bond yield could ease by 45 basis points in the first half of 2024, with fixed-income investors advised to increase exposure at the longer end due to expectations of moderate interest rate reductions. The RBI is likely to lower effective policy rates towards the end of the first quarter of the next fiscal year, following the US Federal Reserve's hinted pivot and potential rate cuts in 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Despite the significance of grit and motivational regulation strategies (MRS) to language learning, limited research has been conducted on their longitudinal interplay. The present study explores the relationship between these two constructs in an English as a second language (L2) learning context through a longitudinal design. This study utilizes repeated measures of L2 grit and MRS at two time points (T1 and T2) to investigate the direction of influence between them and proposes and evaluates four models: an autoregressive model, two unidirectional models, and a bidirectional model. Using questionnaire data from 205 Chinese university students to evaluate the models, results from model assessment revealed that L2 grit at T1 positively predicted L2 grit at T2 and that MRS at T1 positively predicted MRS at T2. While L2 grit showed stability, MRS developed over time. The unidirectional model with L2 grit at T1 as a predictor of MRS at T2 was identified as the model of best fit, indicating that L2 grit at an earlier time unidirectionally influenced MRS at a later time. Based on these findings, we conclude that there is a unidirectional influence between L2 grit and MRS: the former plays an influential role in shaping MRS in L2 learning over time. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between the two constructs, which in turn impacts language learning persistence and success, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers striving to optimize language learning environments and interventions.",
+        "output": "Longitudinal Relationship between L2 Grit and Motivational Regulation Strategy in University Second Language Learning: An Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Return on Equity ( RoE) of the Nifty50 index is rising above the 15% mark after a decade and brokerage ICICI Securities expects it to expand to 17 per cent by the fiscal year 2025, thereby clearly entering the value-creation zone, driven by an improving demand environment for capital-intensive and cyclical stocks such as auto, capital goods & infrastructure, utilities, telecom, commodities and financials.\"The RoE trajectory provides a sense of \u2018d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu\u2019 of what happened in the pre-global financial crisis era between 2003-2007 when stocks within capital- intensive and cyclical sectors like L&T, BHEL, Bharti, NTPC, Hindalco, M&M, ACC, Reliance and DLF transitioned from sub-14% level RoE to value- creation zone of RoE >15%. Most of the aforementioned stocks further touched the high quality zone of RoE >25% at the peak of the investment and credit cycle,\" said Vinod Karki of ICICI Securities.Capacity utilisation improved to 76% in the economy, as per RBI\u2019s OBICUS survey, and high-frequency indicators like PMI, GST collections, infra orders, and real estate construction indicate demand overall remains robust driven by the investment side of the economy.\" P/B ratio of NIFTY50 index is at the long-term average mark of 3x and a rising RoE is likely to boost it driven by the aforementioned stocks. A similar trajectory was observed between 2002-07 when cyclical recovery in the economy driven by the capex cycle boosted RoE to >25% and P/B >5x. Currently, as capacity utilisation is moving above the 76% mark, we believe the benefits of operating leverage have started to creep in, although corporate re-leveraging cycle is yet to begin. High-frequency indicators corroborate rising utilisation levels,\" said Niraj Karnani of ICICI Securities.",
-        "output": "Nifty50's RoE is expected to rise to 17% by FY25, driven by demand for capital-intensive and cyclical stocks, leading to a value-creation zone similar to the pre-global financial crisis era. Capacity utilization has improved to 76%, indicating robust demand, and the P/B ratio is at a long-term average of 3x, with potential for growth as RoE rises.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study aims to comprehend and test the mediating effect of Green Process Innovation (GPI) and the moderating effect of Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Green Business Strategies (GBS) and Environmental Performance (EP) relationship. 252 manufacturing sector employees in North India participated in the data collection. The study used Structural equation modelling and Process Macro for investigating the hypothesized model. The results supported the hypothesized association between AIenabled GBS and EP. The study found that GPI mediate the constructive association between AI -enabled GBS and EP. GDC emerged as significant moderators for AI -enabled GBS and EP relationship. The article offers some helpful inputs for the Indian manufacturing industry to understand the importance of AI -enabled GBS in enhancing EP to move towards Carbon neutrality. The results suggest some practical implications for organizations wherein firms can maintain their focus on GPI at the organizational level by having AI -backed GBS, which will help the business achieve better EP. There is a scope to dig deep on comprehending the moderating impact of GDC in this context. The study recommends that GDC can further boost GPI, which will ultimately impact the firm's goal of carbon neutrality by shaping EP.",
+        "output": "AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The initial public offer of Manoj Vaibhav Gems N Jewellers was subscribed 58 per cent on day two of bidding on Monday.The initial share sale received bids for 53,05,203 shares against 91,20,664 shares on offer, as per NSE data.The retail individual investors (RIIs) part received 73 per cent subscriptions while the category for non-institutional investors subscribed 57 per cent. The quota for qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) was subscribed 33 per cent.The IPO has a fresh issue of up to Rs 210 crore and an offer for sale of up to 28,00,000 equity shares.The price range for the offer is Rs 204-215 per share.The company mopped up Rs 81.05 crore from anchor investors on Thursday.The company, a regional jewellery brand in South India, has a presence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with 13 showrooms across eight towns and two cities.The funds raised will be utilised for opening eight new showrooms, inventory for these new stores and general corporate purposes.Bajaj Capital and Elara Capital (India) are the managers to the offer.The equity shares are proposed to be listed on BSE and NSE.",
-        "output": "Manoj Vaibhav Gems N Jewellers' IPO was subscribed 58% on day two, with retail investors subscribing 73%, non-institutional investors 57%, and QIBs 33%. The IPO aims to raise Rs 210 crore through a fresh issue and offer for sale of 28 lakh equity shares, with the funds being used to open eight new showrooms and for inventory and general corporate purposes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Clusters of Neolithic cursus monuments are attested in several parts of Britain but have so far not been recorded in Ireland, where only isolated or pairs of monuments are known. A recent lidar survey of the Baltinglass landscape of County Wicklow, Ireland, has now identified a cluster of up to five cursus monuments. Here, the author explores this group of monuments and their significance within the wider setting of Neolithic Ireland and Britain. Their unique morphology, location and orientation offer insights into the ritual and ceremonial aspects of the farming communities that inhabited the Baltinglass landscape and hint at the variability in the form and possible functions of these monuments for early farming communities.",
+        "output": "Exploring the Baltinglass cursus complex: routes for the dead",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Some video games are said to be philosophical. Despite video games having received some attention in academic philosophy, that contention has not been sufficiently addressed. This paper investigates in what sense video games might be properly called philosophical. To this end, I utilize Wittgenstein's distinction between saying and showing to get into view how some video games might be properly called philosophical. This leads to two senses of being philosophical: a conventional sense of expressing philosophy through propositions, i.e., through saying, and a sense of being genuinely philosophical by expressing philosophical thought through showing. I argue that the conventional sense is not sufficient to call video games philosophical, leaving the question whether there are video games which satisfy the conditions of being genuinely philosophical. I furthermore contend that there are at least some examples of video games which qualify as being philosophical, e.g., Papers, Please and The Stanley Parable.",
-        "output": "Can video games be philosophical?",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability on adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) is unclear. We aim to investigate the predictive value of HbA1c variability on the risks of all-cause death and HF rehospitalization in patients with HF irrespective of their diabetic status.METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a previously validated territory-wide clinical data registry, HbA1c variability was assessed by average successive variability (ASV) or SD of all HbA1c measurements after HF diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% CI. A total of 65950 patients with HF were included in the study. Over a median follow-up of 6.7 (interquartile range, 4.0-10.6) years, 34508 patients died and 52446 required HF rehospitalization. Every unit increment of variability in HbA1c was significantly associated with higher HF rehospitalization (HR ASV, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.18-1.23]) and all-cause death (HR ASV, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.47-1.53]). Diabetes significantly modified the association between HbA1c variability and outcomes (Pinteraction<0.001). HbA1c variability in patients with HF without diabetes conferred a higher risk of rehospitalization (HR ASV, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.70-2.17] versus HR ASV, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.17-1.21]), and all-cause death (HR ASV, 3.90 [95% CI, 3.31-4.61] versus HR ASV, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.43-1.50] compared with patients with diabetes).CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c variability is significantly associated with greater risk of rehospitalization and all-cause death in patients with HF, irrespective of their diabetic status. These observations were more pronounced in patients with HF without diabetes.",
+        "output": "Glycated Hemoglobin Variability Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure Irrespective of Diabetic Status.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The upper market capitalisation (mcap) threshold for midcap and smallcap stocks in the mutual fund (MF) industry\u2019s revised list of stocks, to be announced early next month, is set to see the second-highest yearly rise in the past five years.The list was first announced in 2018, and it has been revised every six months since then.According to estimates released by Nuvama Alternative & Quantitative Research, the upper threshold for the midcap and smallcap universes could come in at Rs 66,700 crore and Rs 21,900 crore in the next list. The figures are 37 per cent and 25 per",
-        "output": "The upper market cap threshold for midcap and smallcap stocks in the mutual fund industry's revised list of stocks is set to see a 37% and 25% increase to Rs 66,700 crore and Rs 21,900 crore, respectively. This will be the second-highest yearly rise in the past five years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In forensic science, glyphosate (GLYP) and glufosinate (GLUF), a class of non-selective broad-spectrum herbicides, have been frequently encountered in many fatal poisoning and suicide cases due to their widespread availability. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective method for detecting these compounds. Some conventional methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), have been reported to detect these compounds. However, these methods are not ideal for their time-consuming and non-sensitive feature. Herein, probe electrospray ionization (PESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), a fast and sensitive technique, was applied for the determination of GLYP and GLUF in human blood, which can obtain analytical results within 0.5 min without derivatization and chromatographic separation. After protein precipitation of blood samples, the supernatant was mixed with isopropanol and ultra-pure water (1:1 v/v). Then, 8 muL of the mixture was introduced into the plastic sample plate for PESI-MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method were 0.50 mug/mL and 0.25 mug/mL for two analytes, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were both 1.00 mug/mL, which are higher than the concentration of reported poisoning and fatal cases. In the linear range of 1-500 mug/mL, the regression coefficients (r2) for GLYP and GLUF were over 0.99. The matrix effects ranged from 94.8 % to 119.5 %, and the biases were below 4.3 %. The recoveries ranged between 84.8 % and 107.4 %, and the biases were below 7.6 %. Meanwhile, the method was effectively utilized to detect and quantify the blood, urine, and other samples. Consequently, the results suggest that PESI-MS/MS is a straightforward, fast, and sensitive method for detecting GLUF and GLYP in forensics. In the future, PESI-MS/MS will become an indispensable technique for polar substances in grassroots units of public security where rapid detection is essential.",
+        "output": "Rapid determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in human blood by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Because humans spend about one-third of their time asleep in their bedrooms and are themselves emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is important to specifically characterize the composition of the bedroom air that they experience during sleep. This work uses real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to examine concentration enhancements in bedroom air during sleep and to calculate VOC emission rates associated with sleeping occupants. Gaseous VOCs were measured with proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry during a multiweek residential monitoring campaign under normal occupancy conditions. Results indicate high emissions of nearly 100 VOCs and other species in the bedroom during sleeping periods as compared to the levels in other rooms of the same residence. Air change rates for the bedroom and, correspondingly, emission rates of sleeping-associated VOCs were determined for two bounding conditions: (1) air exchange between the bedroom and outdoors only and (2) air exchange between the bedroom and other indoor spaces only (as represented by measurements in the kitchen). VOCs from skin oil oxidation and personal care products were present, revealing that many emission pathways can be important occupant-associated emission factors affecting bedroom air composition in addition to direct emissions from building materials and furnishings.",
-        "output": "Bedroom Concentrations and Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds during Sleep.",
+        "input": "In this study bronze mirrors from the Zonglvcheng cemetery in Linzi city, the unique bronze mirror production centre of the Western Han dynasty (WHD, 202 BCE-8 CE), were subjected to scientific examinations. Compositional and lead isotope ratio analyses on 41 bronze mirrors from different periods of WHD were conducted. For the first time, a mirror made of pure lead and another one made with highly radiogenic lead were identified. The compositional analysis revealed a roughly stable copper-tin-lead ratio of 14:5:1 for mirrors, providing insights into the standardised mirror production. The interpretation of isotope ratios was done by combining characteristic parameters and kernel density estimate methods, compiling a wide range of published data for comparison to mitigate the detrimental effects of the overlap effect. The results indicate that the majority of mirrors were produced within Linzi city, but their lead sources were likely from the Xiaoqinling metallogenic belt controlled by the Han Empire rather than local to Shandong province. This study demonstrates that changes in the alloy compositions and ore sources for bronze mirrors and other objects with time were influenced by state-intervention economic policies, providing a new perspective for the study of technical and economic history during the WHD.",
+        "output": "Technical and economic history of western Han dynasty revealed by bronze mirrors from Zonglvcheng cemetery, Linzi, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies.",
-        "output": "Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city.",
+        "input": "As plastic waste continues to accumulate in natural environments, the impact of aged microplastics (MPs) on soil ecosystems is increasingly becoming a matter of global concern. However, the effects of aged MPs on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the influence of two types of aged MPs, namely, polystyrene and polypropylene, on soil aggregate stability. We found that MPs have a notable effect on the fundamental structural units of soil aggregates, including organic matter and microorganisms. Consequently, reducing the structural stability of soil aggregates by disrupting the bonding mechanisms of soil particles affects the erosion resistance of coarse aggregates. Furthermore, we investigated the coupled effects of soil electric field-MPs on aggregate stability. The results showed that the critical potential for aggregate explosive fragmentation corresponds to an electric field intensity at an electrolyte concentration of 10-2 mol\u00b7L-1. In this study, we have clarified the primary factors through which MPs affect the stability of water-stable soil aggregates, providing new insights for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MPs on soil aggregates.",
+        "output": "Aging microplastics and coupling of microplastic-electric fields can affect soil water-stable aggregates' stability.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "STAMFORD, Conn. - Grayscale Investments, a prominent crypto asset manager, announced Wednesday that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved the listing of Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) on the NYSE Arca exchange. This approval marks a significant milestone, as GBTC will operate as one of the first spot Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) in the United States. Trading of GBTC shares on NYSE Arca is expected to start on January 11, 2024, transitioning from its current OTC Markets platform.The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, which was established in 2013 and began public quotation in 2015, holds approximately 3.16 percent of the total Bitcoin in circulation as of January 9, 2024. The transition to a spot Bitcoin ETF format is anticipated to enable the trust to more accurately reflect the value of its underlying Bitcoin holdings, net of expenses, through registered share issuances and the facilitation of simultaneous creations and redemptions.Grayscale's CEO, Michael Sonnenshein, expressed gratitude for the SEC's thorough review and the support of GBTC's investors throughout the process. He emphasized the importance of this development for GBTC investors and the broader potential of cryptocurrencies.Current GBTC shareholders are not required to take any action in relation to the uplisting. Once listed on NYSE Arca, the trust aims to issue additional shares on a registered basis under the Securities Act of 1933.Grayscale's move to list GBTC on the NYSE Arca is seen as a pivotal step for the fund and for investors looking for regulated investment avenues into the digital currency space. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) will become one of the first spot Bitcoin ETFs in the US, listing on NYSE Arca on January 11, 2024, holding approximately 3.16% of the total Bitcoin in circulation.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Communication between clinicians and family members of patients about treatment limitation practices is essential to care-planning and decision-making. For patients and family members from culturally diverse backgrounds, there are additional considerations when communicating about treatment limitations.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds in intensive care.METHODS: A descriptive study using a retrospective medical record audit was undertaken. Medical record data were collected from patients who died in 2018 in four intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia. Data are presented using descriptive and inferential statisticsand progress note entries.RESULTS: From 430 adult deceased patients, 49.3% (n=212) of patients were born overseas, 56.9% (n=245) identified with a religion, and 14.9% (n=64) spoke a language other than English as their preferred language. Professional interpreters were used in 4.9% (n=21) of family meetings. Documentation about the level of treatment limitation decisions were present in 82.1% (n=353) of patient records. Nurses were documented as present for treatment limitation discussions for 49.3% (n=174) of patients. Where nurses were present, nurses supported family members, including reassurance that end-of-life wishes would be respected. There was evidence of nurses coordinating healthcare activities and attempting to address and resolve difficulties experienced by family members.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known Australian study to explore documented evidence of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Many patients have documented treatment limitations, yet there are a proportion of patients who die before treatment limitations can be discussed with family, which may influence the timing and quality of end-of-life care. Where language barriers exist, interpreters should be used to better ensure effective communication between clinicians and family. Greater provision for nurses to engage in treatment limitation discussions is required.",
+        "output": "A retrospective descriptive study of medical record documentation of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) US-based investment firm BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) has once again cut the value of its holding in Byju's, reducing the edtech major's valuation to a mere $1 billion from $22 billion in early 2022. BlackRock, which owns less than 1 per cent of Byju's, has valued its shares at about $209.6 apiece, down from the peak of $4,660 in 2022, reports TechCrunch.Byju's did not immediately comment on the latest valuation cut. This isn\u2019t the first time BlackRock has cut the worth of its holding in Byju\u2019s. Investment firm Prosus, which owns nearly 9 per cent in Byju's, has also marked down the value of its stake in Byju's to less than $3 billion, representing a decline of more than 86 per cent from the previous funding round valuation of $22 billion.In November last year, Prosus first slashed the fair value of Byju's to $5.97 billion.\"Byju's is facing multiple headwinds. We and other shareholders are working everyday to improve the situation. We are in close discussions with the company every day,\" a senior Prosus executive was quoted as saying in reports late last year. Byju\u2019s was preparing to go public in early 2022 through a SPAC deal that would have valued the company at up to $40 billion.According to reports, Byju's needs at least Rs 500-Rs 600 crore to pay off dues of employees and vendors.--IANSna/svn",
-        "output": "BlackRock has reduced Byju's valuation to $1 billion from $22 billion in early 2022, marking the second valuation cut by a major investor in recent months. Prosus, which owns 9% of Byju's, has also marked down its stake to less than $3 billion, an 86% decline from the previous funding round valuation.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in residential buildings relies on three channels that are rarely assessed together-insulating homes, switching to low-carbon heating systems and decarbonizing heating fuels. Their combination results from an interplay between top-down planning of the energy system and decentralized policies for the residential sector-insulation subsidies in particular. In this paper, we examine how the design of insulation subsidies influences the allocation of efforts between these three channels. To do so, we use an innovative framework coupling a highly detailed model of residential energy demand with a highly detailed model of the energy system, both focused on France. We find that the most cost-effective effort allocation to reach carbon neutrality implies 19% emission reductions from home insulation, 36% from fuel switch and 45% from fuel decarbonization. This however requires perfectly targeted subsidies. In three alternative, arguably more realistic subsidy scenarios, we find that total system cost is increased by 11%-16%. Our results highlight the key role played by subsidy specifications in determining the trade-off between insulation and fuel switch, e.g. insulation investments doubles, and heat pump adoption is 19% lower, when subsidies are restricted to the most comprehensive measures. Finally, alternative assumptions regarding the availability of renewable energy sources-biogas in particular-imply stronger energy efficiency efforts.",
+        "output": "How to allocate mitigation efforts between home insulation, fuel switch and fuel decarbonization? Insights from the French residential sector",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 11 (IANS) Polycab India (NS:POLC) shares plunged 20 per cent on Thursday after reports of Income Tax evasion.Polycab shares were trading at Rs 3,905, down 20.5 per cent on BSE.In an earlier statement, Polycab India, a leading electrical goods company, denied any rumours of tax evasion by the company circulating in media.The company asserts its commitment to compliance and transparency, having fully cooperated with the Income Tax Department officials during the search proceedings in December 2023. The company has not received any communication from the Income-tax department regarding the outcome of the search, Polycab said.Polycab India remains focused on its mission to provide quality products and services to its customers while upholding the principles of corporate governance and ethical business practices.Polycab India Limited (PIL) is India's largest manufacturer of Wires and Cables and one of the fastest growing FMEG companies with a consolidated turnover of Rs 141 billion in FY23.Media reports suggested that I-T dept found unaccounted sales of Rs 1,000 crore during raid against Polycab.Polycab India shares have been sliding since December 23 after the Income Tax raids.On December 23, Polycab India said that the Income Tax Department has initiated a search at some of the premises and plants related to the company.\u201cPursuant to Regulation 30 of the Listing Regulations, please be informed that the Income Tax Department has initiated a search today i.e. December 22, 2023 at some of the premises/ plants related to the company. The company is fully cooperating with the authorities, providing them with all necessary information and support,\u201d Polycab India said in a filing on Friday.\u201cOnce the search by the Income Tax Department concludes, the company will update the Stock Exchanges in case of any material information/ event. At Polycab India, we adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct and legal compliance. Our commitment to transparency and belief in the due process of law remain unwavering,\u201d it added.(Sanjeev Sharma can be reached at Sanjeev.s@ians.in)--IANSsan/prw",
-        "output": "Polycab India shares plunged 20% on Thursday after reports of Income Tax evasion, with the I-T department allegedly finding unaccounted sales of Rs 1,000 crore during a raid. The company has denied the rumors and asserted its commitment to compliance and transparency.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Recent work finds that nonviolent resistance by ethnic minorities is perceived as more violent and requiring more policing than identical resistance by ethnic majorities, reducing its impact and effectiveness. We ask whether allies-advantaged group participants in disadvantaged group movements-can mitigate these barriers. On the one hand, allies can counter negative stereotypes and defuse threat perceptions among advantaged group members, while raising expectations of success and lowering expected risks among disadvantaged group members. On the other hand, allies can entail significant costs, carrying risks of cooptation, replication of power hierarchies, and marginalization of core constituencies. To shed light on this question we draw on the case of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which, in 2020, attracted unprecedented White participation. Employing a national survey experiment, we find that sizeable White presence at racial justice protests increases protest approval, reduces perceptions of violence, and raises the likelihood of participation among White audiences, while not causing significant backlash among Black audiences. Black respondents mostly see White presence as useful for advancing the movement's goals, and predominant White presence reduces expectations that protests will be forcefully repressed. We complement these results with analysis of tens of thousands of images shared on social media during the 2020 BLM protests, finding a significant association between the presence of Whites in the images and user engagement and amplification. The findings suggest that allyship can be a powerful tool for promoting sociopolitical change amid deep structural inequality.",
+        "output": "The politics of allyship: Multiethnic coalitions and mass attitudes toward protest.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ATLANTA - BitPay, a leading cryptocurrency payment service provider, has expanded its digital currency offerings, enabling transactions with several new cryptocurrencies at high-end retailers. The company now supports Uniswap (UNI), Chainlink (LINK), Binance Coin (BNB), and Basic Attention Token (BAT (LON:BATS)), alongside its existing options. This move allows customers to use these currencies at notable retailers such as Gucci and Ralph Lauren (NYSE:RL).Founded in 2011, BitPay has come a long way from its origins as a Bitcoin-centric platform. Having secured over $70 million in funding from investors, BitPay has broadened its scope to accommodate a diverse range of digital currencies. The CEO, Stephen Pair, has highlighted BitPay's dedication to making crypto payments more accessible globally.In addition to facilitating purchases at luxury retailers, BitPay's service portfolio caters to substantial transactions, including those for high-value items like cars and homes. Moreover, the company has enhanced its Bill Pay feature to support major banks and auto financiers, reflecting the growing trend of integrating cryptocurrencies into everyday financial activities. This expansion by BitPay underscores the cryptocurrency industry's ongoing efforts to diversify the practical uses of digital currencies in various transactions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "BitPay, a leading cryptocurrency payment service provider, has expanded its digital currency offerings to include Uniswap (UNI), Chainlink (LINK), Binance Coin (BNB), and Basic Attention Token (BAT), enabling transactions with these currencies at high-end retailers like Gucci and Ralph Lauren. This move reflects the growing trend of integrating cryptocurrencies into everyday financial activities, including substantial transactions for high-value items like cars and homes.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Casting, joining and recycling. Use of lead and plumbers practices in Notre-Dame building yard (12th-19th c.) through historical, archaeological and chemical investigations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To examine whether post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but did not complete a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) were at higher risk of subsequent adverse events compared with veterans who screened positive and completed a CTBIE. Upon CTBIE completion, information assessed by a trained TBI clinician indicates whether there is mTBI history (mTBI+) or not (mTBI-).SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) outpatient services.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 52700 post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for TBI were included. The follow-up review period was between fiscal years 2008 and 2019. The 3 groups studied based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status were: (1) mTBI+ (48.6%), (2) mTBI- (17.8%), and (3) no CTBIE (33.7%).DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. Log binomial and Poisson regression models adjusting for demographic, military, pre-TBI screening health, and VHA covariates examined risk ratios of incident outcomes based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status.MAIN MEASURES: Incident substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, and homelessness documented in VHA administrative records, and mortality as documented in the National Death Index, 3 years post-TBI screen. VHA outpatient utilization was also examined.RESULTS: Compared with the no CTBIE group, the mTBI+ group had 1.28 to 1.31 times the risk of incident SUD, AUD, and overdose, but 0.73 times the risk of death 3 years following TBI screening. The mTBI- group had 0.70 times the risk of OUD compared with the no CTBIE group within the same period. The no CTBIE group also had the lowest VHA utilization.CONCLUSIONS: There were mixed findings on risk of adverse events for the no CTBIE group relative to the mTBI+ and mTBI- groups. Future research is needed to explore the observed differences, including health conditions and healthcare utilization, documented outside VHA among veterans who screen positive for TBI.",
-        "output": "Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Veterans Who Screen Positive for Traumatic Brain Injury in the Veterans Health Administration But Do Not Complete a Comprehensive Evaluation: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.",
+        "input": "Emotion is a human sense that can influence an individual's life quality in both positive and negative ways. The ability to distinguish different types of emotion can lead researchers to estimate the current situation of patients or the probability of future disease. Recognizing emotions from images have problems concealing their feeling by modifying their facial expressions. This led researchers to consider Electroencephalography (EEG) signals for more accurate emotion detection. However, the complexity of EEG recordings and data analysis using conventional machine learning algorithms caused inconsistent emotion recognition. Therefore, utilizing hybrid deep learning models and other techniques has become common due to their ability to analyze complicated data and achieve higher performance by integrating diverse features of the models. However, researchers prioritize models with fewer parameters to achieve the highest average accuracy. This study improves the Convolutional Fuzzy Neural Network (CFNN) for emotion recognition using EEG signals to achieve a reliable detection system. Initially, the pre-processing and feature extraction phases are implemented to obtain noiseless and informative data. Then, the CFNN with modified architecture is trained to classify emotions. Several parametric and comparative experiments are performed. The proposed model achieved reliable performance for emotion recognition with an average accuracy of 98.21% and 98.08% for valence (pleasantness) and arousal (intensity), respectively, and outperformed state-of-the-art methods.",
+        "output": "Detecting emotions through EEG signals based on modified convolutional fuzzy neural network.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Biocon surged over 4 per cent to a high of Rs 237 in the one-hour special Muhurat Trading session on Sunday on the back of strong Q2 performance.At 6:35 PM, the stock was up 2.8 per cent at Rs 233.60 and the counter had seen healthy volumes of around 46,000 shares on the BSE as against the two-week average daily volume of around 1.49 lakh shares. Meanwhile, the S&P BSE Sensex was up 0.6 per cent or 370 points at 65,271.The stock had shed 16.2 per cent in Samvat 2079. So far in 2023, the stock has declined 9 per cent as against a near 7 per cent gain on the BSE benchmark.Bengaluru-based Biocon on Friday after market hours reported a strong 168 per cent year-on-year (YO) growth in its consolidated net profit for the quarter ended September 2023 at Rs 126 crore when compared with Rs 47 crore in the corresponding quarter a year ago.Revenue from operations grew by 50 per cent to Rs 3,462.3 crore from Rs 2,320 crore. On a sequential basis, the company exhibited a 1.2 per cent increase in revenue while the net profit rose 23.8 per cent.The EBITDA rose 68 per cent YoY to Rs 900 crore with a resulting Ebitda margin of 25 per cent.Biocon has appointed Peter Bains as the Group CEO, reporting directly to Biocon GroupChairperson Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw. Peter will be responsible for driving synergies between the three group entities to maximize the combined value for the stakeholders at the group level, the company said in an exchange filing.",
-        "output": "Biocon shares surged 2.8% in Muhurat Trading on Sunday due to strong Q2 performance, with a 168% YoY growth in net profit to Rs 126 crore and a 50% increase in revenue to Rs 3,462.3 crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Understanding design processes and behaviors is important for building more effective design outcomes. During design tasks, teams exhibit sequences of actions that form strategies. This article investigates patterns of design actions in a paired parameter design experiment to discover design strategies that influence outcomes. The analysis uses secondary data from a design experiment in which each pair completes a series of simplified cooperative parameter design tasks to minimize completion time. Analysis of 192 task observations uses exploratory factor analysis to identify design strategies and regression analysis to evaluate their impacts on performance outcomes. The article finds that large actions and high action size variability significantly increase completion times, leading to poor performance outcomes. However, results show that frequently changing input controllers within and among designers significantly reduces completion times, leading to higher performance outcomes. Discussion states that larger actions can introduce unexpected errors, while smaller and consistent actions enhance designers' understanding of the effects of each action, aiding in better planning for subsequent steps. Frequent controller switching reflects effective communication and understanding within design teams, which is crucial for cooperative tasks.",
+        "output": "Identification of Design Strategies and Their Effects on Performance Outcomes in Pair Parameter Design Tasks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The route and speed of migration into Sahul by Homo sapiens remain a major research question in archaeology. Here, we introduce an approach which models the impact of the physical environment on human mobility by combining time-evolving landscapes with Levy walk foraging patterns, this latter accounting for a combination of short-distance steps and occasional longer moves that hunter-gatherers likely utilised for efficient exploration of new environments. Our results suggest a wave of dispersal radiating across Sahul following riverine corridors and coastlines. Estimated migration speeds, based on archaeological sites and predicted travelled distances, fall within previously reported range from Sahul and other regions. From our mechanistic movement simulations, we then analyse the likelihood of archaeological sites and highlight areas in Australia that hold archaeological potential. Our approach complements existing methods and provides interesting perspectives on the Pleistocene archaeology of Sahul that could be applied to other regions around the world.",
-        "output": "Physiography, foraging mobility, and the first peopling of Sahul.",
+        "input": "Experts have always played an important role in heritage planning, practice, and theory. There is a wealth of literature published every year regarding heritage and its cultural significance. Experts also contribute to heritage planning and developing policy documents. Still, literature is rarely used as a source of primary research to systematically reveal and compare experts' opinions on the cultural significance of built heritage. Analyzing them as a whole is costly and time-consuming, especially on built heritage, when much has been written about. While the automation of methods has proven to mitigate such restrictions in other fields, as digital humanities, their application in heritage planning, practice, and theory is still scarce. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the potentials of AI models (e.g., multi label text classification) in analyzing scientific documents, revealing the cultural significance of built heritage, values and attributes. This was done to better understand the similarities and differences between the experts' opinions. Yazd, Iran, is taken a case study, with a particular focus on windcatchers, a key attribute conveying cultural significance, of outstanding universal value, due to its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This paper has three subsequent phases: 1) state of the art on the application of AI in heritage planning; 2) methodology of data collection and data analysis related to coding values and attributes of windcatchers, addressed in relevant documents; 3) preliminary findings on the experts' opinions over values and attributes of windcatchers. Results contribute to the scientific discussion, revealing the cultural significance of windcatchers of Yazd from experts' point of view. Besides, the potential of AI for heritage planning is revealed in terms of (de)coding and measuring the cultural significance of built heritage from the available documents, showing the opinions of experts with various backgrounds. This model can be applied to other key attributes in Yazd and other case studies and scales to support heritage planning, practice, and theory. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Capturing experts' knowledge in heritage planning enhanced by AI: A case study of windcatchers in Yazd, Iran",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper aims to interrogate the design studio conversations between teachers and students in order to explore the indicators regarding empathy. To investigate design conversations occurring between design teachers and design students, participant observation studies were conducted at two universities in Finland and Turkey. As an empathic indicator, we addressed (1) how design teachers take the perspective of other agencies and (2) what deliveries are utilised for empathic perspective-taking. It was understood that design teachers identify themselves with both human and non-human agencies as design students, users and materials. Moreover, deliveries leading to the identification of design teachers with these agencies included both discursive and performative means.",
-        "output": "Eliciting Empathy Embedded in Design Conversations: Empathic Perspective-Taking of Design Teachers Towards Design Students, Users and Materials",
+        "input": "Artistic pieces can be studied from several perspectives, one example being their reception among readers over time. In the present work, we approach this interesting topic from the standpoint of literary works, particularly assessing the task of predicting whether a book will become a best seller. Unlike previous approaches, we focused on the full content of books and considered visualization and classification tasks. We employed visualization for the preliminary exploration of the data structure and properties, involving SemAxis and linear discriminant analyses. To obtain quantitative and more objective results, we employed various classifiers. Such approaches were used along with a dataset containing (i) books published from 1895 to 1923 and consecrated as best sellers by the Publishers Weekly Bestseller Lists and (ii) literary works published in the same period but not being mentioned in that list. Our comparison of methods revealed that the best-achieved result-combining a bag-of-words representation with a logistic regression classifier-led to an average accuracy of 0.75 both for the leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validations. Such an outcome enhances the difficulty in predicting the success of books with high accuracy, even using the full content of the texts. Nevertheless, our findings provide insights into the factors leading to the relative success of a literary work.",
+        "output": "Using full-text content to characterize and identify best seller books: A study of early 20th-century literature",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The COVID-19 pandemic raised not only overwhelming practical challenges but also deep ethical dilemmas for educators. There have been few efforts to connect these challenges to either ethical dilemmas teachers faced in pre-pandemic times or to philosophical analyses of complex normative terrain of teachers' work. We facilitated eleven discussion groups with 101 educators from seven countries on the dilemmas they faced due to COVID-19. Analysis of these sessions reveals how the pandemic amplified, exacerbated and augmented pre-pandemic educational dilemmas in ways that recalibrated teachers' core values and beliefs, and highlights the importance of engaging teachers in ethical dialogue.",
-        "output": "Philosophical Reflections on Teachers' Ethical Dilemmas in a Global Pandemic",
+        "input": "The founding of Qart-Hadasht, or 'New Carthage', in 228/227 BC reaffirmed the Carthaginian presence on the Iberian Peninsula. The city would serve as its main political base and military port in the Western Mediterranean before being lost to Rome in the Second Punic War. Although the conquest was led on the ground by the Barcid family, the town's flourishing also led to an increase in the metropolis's economic and commercial activities. In this study, a total of 37 amphorae of Central Mediterranean typology and located in different Punic contexts of the town were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thin-section petrography (OM). The analyses reveal that a significant number of them originated in North Africa, mainly in the area of Tunisia, though some originated from other production centres on the island of Sicily and probably Algeria. The results also confirm the existence of shared amphora types produced in different Punic production areas and workshops. Thus, the central argument here is that the arrival of containers from such diverse provenances allows us to identify the economic opportunity that this foundation represented for the metropolis as a whole and to explore how this new trade relationship was structured.",
+        "output": "Trade dynamics between Carthage and Iberia at the end of the 3rd century BC: analytical characterisation of central mediterranean amphorae from Qart-Hadasht (Cartagena, Spain)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Spirit Airlines   (NYSE:SAVE) stock is down a further 18.5% in early New York trading on Wednesday after a federal judge blocked JetBlue's (JBLU) $3.8 billion acquisition, prompting concerns about the feasibility of other mergers in the airline industry.The judge's antitrust ruling contributes to SAVE's challenges, leading to a reduced likelihood of successful mergers. The stock dropped as much as 61% on Tuesday following the court decision, signaling the significant impact on Spirit Airlines' strategic plans and industry consolidation prospects.JBLU shares closed 4.9% higher but are down 1.2% on Wednesday.The court ruling blocking JetBlue's acquisition of Spirit Airlines is viewed positively for JetBlue, freeing it from a costly deal. Spirit's financial challenges and raised capital suggest a focus on survivability, with immediate financial improvement unlikely, according to analysts. The negative impact on the sector raises questions about the Alaska-Hawaiian merger. Analysts question Frontier's (ULCC) potential interest and doubt other airlines will pursue Spirit. Analysts at Susquehanna lowered SAVE\u2019s rating to Negative from Neutral following the court decision.\u201cWith a US district court judge blocking the JBLU/ SAVE deal and (in our view) little likelihood of JBLU reworking the deal, SAVE\u2019s fundamental challenges come into sharper focus, with another potential bidder having to contemplate what was a lengthy and arduous regulatory review as well as a challenging operating landscape for U.S. carriers into 2024,\u201d analysts said.Bank of America and Seaport Global Securities analysts also lowered their ratings on the stock.",
-        "output": "Spirit Airlines' stock plunged 18.5% after a federal judge blocked JetBlue's $3.8 billion acquisition, raising concerns about the feasibility of other airline mergers and Spirit's financial challenges. JetBlue shares rose 4.9% on Tuesday but fell 1.2% on Wednesday.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Surgical illustration plays a fundamental role in the surgical field, being able to convey imagery in a more comprehensive way. However, its utility has seen a decline and being slowly replaced by photographs and 3D models. Surgeons are in a unique position that is optimum for producing surgical illustrations due to having direct contact and possesses a deep knowledge of the subject being drawn. The process of producing an illustration may also be valuable to the long-term conceptual understanding of that surgeon. This article aims to highlight the field of surgical illustration, its future potential, and act as a guide for surgeons to start illustrating.",
+        "output": "Surgical illustration: the role, the reason, and the route.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - In a notable development today, the unlisted shares of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) have experienced a significant surge, with prices climbing over 20%. The current trading range for these shares is now between Rs 3,800 and Rs 3,900. This sharp increase is primarily driven by a robust demand from retail investors coupled with a supply shortage, as larger investors have backed out of previous sale commitments.The bullish trend in the NSE unlisted shares is partly a reflection of the positive sentiment surrounding the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) stocks, which have been performing strongly. Additionally, market participants are anticipating potential gains from the forthcoming Initial Public Offering (IPO) of the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), which is expected to further fuel interest in the sector.The heightened demand from retail investors for NSE shares comes at a time when the supply is particularly tight. This scenario has been exacerbated by the decision of some large investors to renege on their sale agreements, further limiting the number of shares available in the market. As a result, the imbalance between the high demand and restricted supply has pushed prices upward.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "NSE unlisted shares surged over 20% to Rs 3,800-3,900 due to high demand from retail investors and supply shortage caused by large investors backing out of sale commitments.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Mark Witton is a UK-based palaeontologist and artist. Since completing a PhD at the University of Portsmouth researching pterosaur ecology and diversity, he has predominantly worked as a consultant, author and artist, although he also remains active in palaeontological research. His artwork has been displayed around the world, from London's Natural History Museum to Yale's Peabody Museum. He is also known for his work researching and promoting the 'Crystal Palace Dinosaurs', which are among the world's first naturalistic dinosaur reconstructions. Ahead of the bicentenary of the naming of Megalosaurus, we caught up with him to discuss the art and science of dinosaur reconstruction.",
+        "output": "Art and science",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - In a recent assessment, UBS has downgraded  Bajaj Finance  (NS:BJFN) to a \"sell\" rating, setting a target price of \u20b96,800. The financial services giant is facing heightened competition, particularly from Jio Financial Services (JFS), which is contributing to concerns over Bajaj Finance's growth prospects. UBS analysts project that Bajaj Finance will experience a contraction in its net interest margin (NIM) by the fiscal year 2026 due to these competitive pressures, coupled with rising funding costs.The brokerage's outlook suggests that Bajaj Finance could see a potential earnings downgrade amid a slowdown in asset under management (AUM) growth and earnings per share (EPS) compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from FY23 through FY26E. The challenges stem from the company's struggle to maintain its market dominance, especially in the urban consumer financing segment.Despite Bajaj Finance's strategic moves to diversify its loan portfolio, including ventures into gold and auto loans, UBS warns of a potential diluted return on assets (RoA). This is attributed to the aggressive expansion of JFS's loan book, which is significantly ramping up competition in the sector. The report indicates that Bajaj Finance's efforts to branch out may not be sufficient to counter the competitive threat posed by JFS, necessitating caution among investors regarding the company's future performance.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "UBS downgraded Bajaj Finance to \"sell\" due to heightened competition from Jio Financial Services, projecting a contraction in net interest margin and potential earnings downgrade due to slower AUM growth and EPS CAGR.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Studies examining the effects of social participation on activities of daily living (ADL) disability are still scarce.AIM: To assess the reciprocal relationship between ADL disability trajectories and social participation among older Chinese people aged\u226560 years.METHODS: This study included 2976 participants aged\u226560 years in six waves of a community-based survey from 2015 to 2022. Basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were used to assess the ADL disability in each survey. Social participation was assessed by involvement in four social activities and an extensive social participation score. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes over 7 years and explore associations between baseline predictors of group membership and these trajectories.RESULTS: Two BADL disability trajectories were identified: stable (94.8%) and increase (5.2%). Additionally, three IADL disability trajectories were distinguished: stable (73.2%), moderate (20.2%), and increase (6.6%). After controlling for the potential covariates, each point increase in the extensive social participation score correlated with a 17% decrease in the odds of older individuals belonging to the increase BADL trajectory group (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.68-1.00). For IADL, it decreased the odds of being assigned to the moderate trajectory group by 16% (OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.75-0.95) and to the increase trajectory group by 23% (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.64-0.93).CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of social participation among older individuals were more likely to be classified as stable trajectories in both BADL and IADL. Increased participation in social activities by community-dwelling elderly adults may promote healthy aging.",
+        "output": "Effect of social participation on the trajectories of activities of daily living disability among community-dwelling older adults: a 7-year community-based cohort.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Morgan Stanley downgraded Mattel (NASDAQ:MAT) to Equal Weight from Overweight in a note Wednesday, cutting its price target for the stock to $19 from $25 per share.Analysts said in a note covering the leisure sector that they continue to be selective, looking for earnings achievability and/or idiosyncratic catalysts.\"Overall, we see many cross currents to consider in '24 with slowing wage growth, the lagged impact of rates, and waning excess savings portending continued pressure on discretionary spending, according to Morgan Stanley economists,\" the analysts stated. \"The topline environment is likely to remain challenging at least through the 1H for many, with easing compares and potential rate cuts providinghope for improvement in the 2H but visibility generally remaining low, in our view.\"Focusing on MAT, the analysts explained that they have decided to downgrade the stock given the downside risk to consensus estimates.While the bank acknowledges they may be somewhat priced in, they believe \"limited near-term upside growth drivers suggest stock could remain range-bound.\"\"We remain constructive on the company's ability to diversify its growth drivers by way of its strong IP over the long term, but we are moving to the sidelines for now as we see downside to consensus estimates on a tougher category outlook in '24 while we think the market will need to see further proof of a structural step-change in the earnings power of the business before ascribing a premium multiple,\" the analysts explained.",
-        "output": "Morgan Stanley downgraded Mattel to Equal Weight from Overweight, cutting its price target to $19 from $25 due to downside risk to consensus estimates and a challenging topline environment in 2024. The analysts believe the stock could remain range-bound due to limited near-term upside growth drivers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Children's active travel to and from school (AST) and children's independent mobility (CIM) are consistently positively associated with physical activity (PA); however, few researchers have investigated associations between objective measures of the environment and indicators of AST and CIM in national samples.METHODS: A national sample of 2,067 Canadian parents of 7- to 12-year-old children was recruited in December 2020. Regression analyses were used in 2023 to assess the association between geographic information system measures of park density, blue space, population density, greenspace, intersection density, and CIM and AST to and from school.RESULTS: Children in areas with high versus low park density (>0.025 vs. \u22640.025) had higher odds of travel to school via active modes (OR: 1.47 [1.14, 1.91], p=0.003). Children in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for neighborhood greenspace (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were more likely to travel to home actively than those in areas of lower greenspace (OR: 1.70 [1.18, 2.45], p=0.004). On average, children living in areas in the highest versus the lowest quartile for intersection density were more likely to engage in AST to (OR: 2.43 [1.58, 3.75], p<0.001) and from (OR: 2.77 [1.80, 4.29], p<0.001) school.CONCLUSIONS: The observed associations underscore a need for city planners and policymakers to ensure sufficient access to parks and neighborhood greenspace, especially if findings are confirmed in longitudinal studies. More research is needed to investigate the role of intersection density in supporting AST and CIM.",
+        "output": "Children's Independent Mobility, School Travel, and the Surrounding Neighborhood.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO -   Visa Inc   (NYSE:V). has partnered with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) to launch a new feature that enables near-instant remittances to digital wallets around the world, with an early rollout expected this year.The new service, which leverages Visa Direct, will initially focus on key global locations, including the Philippines, a country where digital wallets are becoming increasingly prevalent.CIBC's enhanced Global Money Transfer service, which notably carries no transfer fees, is designed to cater to the evolving needs of Canadians who require more efficient and cost-effective ways to send money abroad. By expanding this service, CIBC aims to also support unbanked populations in emerging economies, recognizing the significance of digital wallets in these regions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Visa Inc. and CIBC have partnered to launch a new feature that enables near-instant remittances to digital wallets around the world, with an early rollout expected this year. The service, which leverages Visa Direct, will initially focus on key global locations, including the Philippines, where digital wallets are becoming increasingly prevalent.",
-        "system": "",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies.",
+        "output": "Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city.",
+        "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Retail investors investing through Reserve Bank of India's retail direct platform invested more in treasury bills as compared to instruments like state and central government securities, and sovereign gold bonds.The total subscriptions in the primary market rose to Rs 2,698 crore on September 11, against Rs 1,809 crore on April 3. In terms of T-bills, retail investors invested Rs 1,807 crore as of September 11, up from Rs 1,113 crore on April 3. Subscription in T-bills saw a 62 per cent growth as compared to 49 per cent growth in overall subscription during the April-September period.Market participants believe that the appetite for sovereign debt instruments is increasing because people find the higher interest rates in the market more appealing than regular investments, and sovereign debt instruments are considered to be safe.\"The Treasury bills are giving better returns at the moment and the sovereign assures safety,\" said Ajay Manglunia, managing director at JM Financial. \"We can also see that the yield curve is flat; people are getting good returns for shorter-tenure papers,\" he added.Three-month T-bills are giving much higher returns than one-year fixed deposits, market participants said. Major banks are offering a return between 5.75-6.70 per cent on one-year fixed deposits. Whereas, returns on one-year T-bills are currently trading at 7.06 per cent. For three-month and six-month T-bills, the return is currently at 6.85, 7.05 per cent respectively.\"For any investor who is looking for short-term investment, retail investment basically, T-bills are giving much higher rates than the fixed deposit rates. For example, if anybody wants to go for a three-month or six-month or a one-year fixed deposit, definitely T-bills rates are much more attractive than the fixed deposit rates,\" said Venkatakrishnan Srinivasan, bond market veteran, founder and managing partner of Rockfort Fincap LLP. \"Definitely people do prefer government securities also, but that market is still coming up. But for T-bills, a huge appetite is there, coming from retail investors,\" he added.Market participants believe that the appetite for sovereign debt instruments is expected to remain firm among retail investors as market rates are expected to remain higher for longer amid liquidity tightening.Liquidity in the banking system slipped into deficit mode once again ahead of the second tranche of Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) disbursement on September 23, due to tax outflows, dealers said. Banking system liquidity slipped into deficit in August for the first time in the current financial year.",
-        "output": "Retail investors through RBI's platform invested more in treasury bills (Rs 1,807 crore) than other instruments due to higher interest rates (7.06% for one-year T-bills) compared to fixed deposits (5.75-6.70%). This appetite is expected to continue as market rates are likely to remain high amid liquidity tightening.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeSince teaching practice is the most important within-school determinant of student learning outcomes, a deepened understanding of how and why school leadership contributes to effective teaching is needed. This article aimed to systematically review the knowledge that has been accumulated about the indirect relations between school leadership and instructional practices.Design/methodology/approachThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the selection of relevant articles from the databases Scopus and Google Scholar. Twenty-six published works met the eligibility criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis and content analysis.FindingsThe most frequently measured mediators of the effects of school leadership on teaching practice were teacher collaboration, professional learning and teacher self-efficacy. Most studies simultaneously modeled multiple mediated pathways from school leadership to teaching practice. However, only a few analyzed studies used time lags when examining relationships between constructs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to systematically review knowledge on pathways through which school leadership is related to classroom instruction. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of processes through which school leadership achieves its effects on instructional practices.",
+        "output": "School leadership and teaching practice: a systematic review of studies of the indirect effects",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Initial Public Offering (IPO) of fintech player Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services Ltd received 19 per cent subscription on Thursday, the first day of the bidding.The share sale received bids for 36,84,060 of 1,93,26,761 shares on offer, according to NSE data.The portion for Retail Individual Investors (RIIs) was subscribed 87 per cent while the quota for non institutional investors received 11 per cent subscription.The IPO has a fresh issue of up to Rs 392 crore and the offer for sale of up to 10,449,816 equity shares.The price range of the IPO is Rs 156-164 per share.Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services on Wednesday said it has mobilised Rs 253.52 crore from anchor investors.The company proposes to utilise Rs 300 crore of the net proceeds on expenditure towards customer acquisition and retention, up to Rs 40 crore on expenditure for the development of technology and products, and up to Rs 17.08 crore to pare down, in full or in part, debt availed of by the firm.Founded in 2011, the company has created a market niche in the country by offering a combined solution for spend management through prepaid cards and employee management (through SaaS), the firm said.ICICI Securities, Equirus Capital, IIFL Securities and JM Financial are the managers to the offer.Equity shares of the company will be listed on the BSE and the NSE.",
-        "output": "Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services Ltd's IPO received 19% subscription on the first day, with the retail portion subscribed 87% and the non-institutional portion 11%. The IPO aims to raise Rs 392 crore through a fresh issue and offer for sale of 10,449,816 equity shares, with a price range of Rs 156-164 per share.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "During summer 2021, the world watched the swift and, for some, surprising collapse of Afghanistan's government. However, a Taliban victory was always a possibility for players of A Distant Plain (ADP), a boardgame about insurgency and counterinsurgency in post-9/11 Afghanistan. These events inspired many ADP players, and its designers, to (re)engage with the game, thus providing scholars with a unique opportunity to investigate in real time how historical practice occurs within the popular culture space. Utilizing primary sources, this article demonstrates that contemporary history games - those which depict current events or open-ended, unresolved periods, rather than ones designed to model what is seen as 'settled' history - are uniquely subject to external, out-of-game interventions which may prompt reevaluations of their assumptions and models, since players and designers are repeatedly challenged by changing circumstances to integrate new data into how they perceive and consume the historical representations found therein. These games are therefore exceptionally suited to engendering genuine and ongoing historical practice, through the use of evidence, argumentation and debate, retrospective reassessments, and counterfactual analysis. The broader discipline will greatly benefit from taking a more inclusive view of popular history by paying greater attention to historical games of this type.",
+        "output": "Boardgaming after the fall of Kabul: player and designer (re)engagement with a distant plain",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.",
-        "output": "Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics.",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a potential threat to the onset of carcinogenesis in the cervix, anogenital regions, and oropharynx. HPV encompasses over 200 types, with at least 12 having the potential to cause cancer, impacting the majority of sexually active individuals. In this current research, we explore the occurrence and spread of HPV genotypes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this cross-sectional study conducted in Sanandaj, Iran from Feb 2022 to Aug 2023, diverse samples including oral, vaginal, and genital were collected from individuals referred to private laboratories in Sanandaj, Iran. After sample collection and DNA extraction (FAVORGEN, Taiwan), they were subjected to PCR and genotyping (MehrViru, Iran). The subsequent statistical analysis unveiled infection rates across different demographics and age groups. STATA (version 17) were used for statistical analysis. We examined infection rates across demographics using t-tests and Odds Ratio.RESULTS: Overall, 26% (249) out of 950 cases tested positive for HPV, with 69% of these classified as high-risk. Among the examined population, 98% (933) were female, and 2% (17) were male. Females aged 31-40 exhibited the highest percentage of HPV prevalence (115/460) in the study with the majority of positive cases belonging to HR genotypes. The overall most frequent genotypes identified were 6, 16, 52, 53, 51, 58, and 56. HPV-16 exhibited the highest frequency among HR genotypes, accounting for 42 (17%) occurrences, followed by HPV-52 with a frequency of 32 (13%).CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the significant prevalence of HPV among females, particularly in the 21-30 age group. The identification of high-risk genotypes, underscores the importance of targeted interventions for specific age cohorts. The age-stratified analysis highlights a consistent predominance of high-risk HPV across age groups, indicating the need for age-specific preventive measures. These results contribute valuable information for designing effective screening and vaccination strategies, to alleviate the impact of diseases associated with HPV.",
+        "output": "Prevailing of HPV-16 and 52 genotype in 2022-2023 in Sanandaj, Iran.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "For Anand Mahindra, chairman for the Mahindra Group, 2024 has all signs pointing to the Indian economy achieving \u201cthe mythical \u2018lift-off\u2019 that we have been awaiting for decades\u201d, he said in an address on Monday.Anil Agarwal, chairman of Vedanta group in his address called it an \" exciting period in India's history.\"Many described the bygone year as volatile and one marked by conflict.\u201cThis past year has been a period of extraordinary contrasts that combined some unique challenges with some unique opportunities,\u201d said Gautam Adani, chairman for the Adani Group in a letter to his employees on Monday. For the Adani Group, 2023 had begun inauspiciously with US-based firm Hindenburg Research levelling allegations of lapse of corporate governance against it in a report released in January. Adani group has denied the allegations made against it.In his letter this week, Adani said, there are lessons from the Hindenburg episode, which he would share with his workforce later.A focus on people \u2014 both employees and customers \u2014 also emerged as a recurrent theme in the chairman addresses.For 2024, Adani requested his employees to allow him a better understanding of their needs. \u201cMy understanding of these is essential for further strengthening our group capabilities. I realise, we can do much better and, to do so, I must be able to directly reach you.\u201dIn his letter to employees, Chandrasekaran listed customer satisfaction as one of the three main areas to prioritise in 2024.Upgrade of technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), also found mention in the messages.Ambani, the promoter and chairman and managing director for Reliance Industries, set 2024 as the target year for completion of an AI transformation across all businesses for the company.Chandrasekaran, meanwhile, wrote: \u201cThis New Year, I urge each company to appoint an AI champion to proactively pursue the benefits of AI \u2014 economically, operationally and socially.\u201d\u201cIn the long run, however, what will keep India\u2019s economy on the ascent is a capacity for disruptive innovation,\u201d noted Mahindra.Agarwal also noted goals for 2024 should be guided by technology and innovation.Geopolitics also emerged as an area of concern or opportunity.\u201cGlobally, the world needs India to become a reliable challenger to China\u2019s supply-chain dominance. That is the great opportunity of 2024. That is what will fuel the lift-off,\u201d Mahindra added in his note.Chandrasekaran saw it as a source of volatility in 2024 instead.\u201cGeopolitics is also a potential source of volatility. 2024 is a year of elections, with 40 nations heading to the polls,\u201d he reflected.",
-        "output": "Indian business leaders, including Anand Mahindra, Anil Agarwal, Gautam Adani, and N. Chandrasekaran, expressed optimism for the Indian economy in 2024, citing factors such as technological advancements, a focus on customers and employees, and geopolitical opportunities. They also highlighted the importance of innovation, AI adoption, and addressing global challenges.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We discuss new data from Colonization Phase and Early Expansion/Development Phase assemblages in the pre-contact Society Islands. We focus on analysis of marine faunal remains and fishing gear to infer diachronic shifts in subsistence practices at two well-dated coastal sites. Both Colonization Phase (AD 950-1200) and Early Expansion Phase (AD 1200-1450) faunal assemblages are dominated by fish and mollusks as opposed to animal domesticates. Colonization Phase assemblages see higher capture of Scombrids and higher capture of marine mammals and turtle. Early Expansion fishhook assemblages and faunal remains document a movement towards increased capture of reef fish as well as the adoption of local styles and locally specific fishing practices. Overall, the diachronic trend in the Society Island diets is towards a decrease in turtle, marine mammal, and wild bird remains and an increase in terrestrial domesticated species roughly two hundred years after colonization, similar to patterns seen elsewhere in Eastern Polynesia.Nous discutons de nouvelles donn & eacute;es provenant des assemblages de la phase de colonisation et de la premi & egrave;re phase d'expansion/d & eacute;veloppement dans les & icirc;les de la Soci & eacute;t & eacute; pr & eacute;-europ & eacute;ennes. Nous nous concentrons sur l'analyse des restes de faune marine et des engins de p & ecirc;che pour d & eacute;duire des changements diachroniques dans les pratiques de subsistance sur deux sites c & ocirc;tiers bien dat & eacute;s. Les assemblages fauniques de la phase de colonisation (950-1200 apr & egrave;s J.-C.) et de la phase d'expansion pr & eacute;coce (1200-1450 apr & egrave;s J.-C.) sont domin & eacute;s par les poissons et les mollusques, par opposition aux animaux domestiques. Les assemblages de la phase de colonisation connaissent une capture plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e de scombrid & eacute;s et une capture plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e de mammif & egrave;res marins et de tortues. Les assemblages d'hame & ccedil;ons et les restes fauniques du d & eacute;but de l'expansion documentent un mouvement vers une capture accrue de poissons de r & eacute;cif ainsi que l'adoption de styles locaux et de pratiques de p & ecirc;che sp & eacute;cifiques localement. Dans l'ensemble, la tendance diachronique du r & eacute;gime alimentaire des & icirc;les de la Soci & eacute;t & eacute; va vers une diminution des restes de tortues, de mammif & egrave;res marins et d'oiseaux sauvages et une augmentation des esp & egrave;ces terrestres domestiqu & eacute;es environ deux cents ans apr & egrave;s la colonisation, similaire aux tendances observ & eacute;es ailleurs en Polyn & eacute;sie orientale.",
+        "output": "Tracking shifts in Society Islands marine subsistence through time: Intra-site analysis of faunal remains and fishing gear",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
-        "output": "Research note: Virtual historical archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
+        "input": "Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) was a pioneer who established the Spinal Cord Injury Unit, at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. A brief description of his academic and clinical accomplishments is given.",
+        "output": "On Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) and the Spinal Cord Injury Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Infosys dipped 2.5 per cent to Rs 1,522.50 on the BSE in Tuesday\u2019s intra-day trade after the information technology (IT) services firm on Saturday said that a global company has decided to terminate a multi-year contract worth $1.5 billion with it. The reason for the cancellation of the deal has not been mentioned in the exchange filing.On September 14, 2023, Infosys had announced signing of a $1.5 billion deal with a global company (which they had not named) to provide enhanced digital experience along with modernization and business operations services, leveraging Infosys platforms and AI (Artificial Intelligence) solutions. The deal was for a 15-year duration.In a filing to the exchanges, Infosys said, \u201cThe global company has now elected to terminate the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and the parties will not be pursuing the Master Agreement.\u201dNonetheless, it was merely a MoU and amount was not included in the order book.Meanwhile, while announcing September quarter earnings in October, Infosys trimmed its FY24E revenue growth outlook to 1.0 per cent-2.5 per cent in constant currency (CC) terms (previously: 1.0 per cent-3.5 per cent) due to the ongoing underlying softness in volume and slowdown in discretionary spending; retained its operating margin guidance of 20.0 per cent-22.0 per cent.The company still faces growth hurdles in the Communications sector and expects the EURS clients to continue to be conservative with their discretionary spending. The manufacturing sector grew in double-digits in Q2FY24; the company sees opportunities in infra transformation and cost consolidation, which is driving a stronger pipeline, according to analysts KRChoksey Shares and Securities.According to management, the financial services industry is still experiencing a slowdown in sectors such as mortgages, asset management, investment banking, cards, and payments. The adverse impact of reduced spending by some large clients in Q2FY24 was partially offset by a few large deal wins in cost optimization and vendor consolidation. However, given the shift to the cloud and the growing demand for real-time insights and analytics, management is cautiously optimistic about the medium-term prospects, the brokerage firm had said.",
-        "output": "Infosys shares fell 2.5% after a global company terminated a $1.5 billion contract due to unspecified reasons, despite the company's earlier announcement of a 15-year deal. Infosys has revised its FY24E revenue growth outlook to 1.0%-2.5% due to volume softness and discretionary spending slowdown.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Our image of the Roman landscape of Istria is characterised by large-scale centuriation and architectural remains of Roman villae. Detection and mapping of other, less dramatic landscape features require systematic large-scale prospection, but this faces significant difficulties in the Mediterranean environment. However, the developments in the field of airborne laser scanning offer the possibility to create archaeologically usable digital terrain models under water and under very dense and low maquis vegetation. This paper reports on the use of terrain models created using a green laser and a sophisticated archaeologically driven ground point filtering strategy. Combined with archaeological aerial photo interpretation, this provides the means for landscape mapping and interpretation that has revealed a wealth of archaeological structures hinting at Roman agricultural practices and landscape. Our case study is based on a laser scan of about 24 km2 of land and underwater terrain in Medulin Bay. Processed, visualised and interpreted for archaeological purposes, the data reveal not only features ranging from prehistoric hilltop settlements to modern military installations but also features a complex picture of the Roman land use. Of particular interest is the large number of planting pits, which extend over a total length of 4 km. They were laid on a regular grid of approximately 35 x 35 m, sometimes combined in contiguous parcels. They can be interpreted as remains of orchards or tree nurseries of Roman date, and the paper examines also the question of whether they can be linked to the associated Roman estates. The case study area presented here shows that the potential of remote sensing methods goes far beyond the mere finding of traditional sites but can open up new landscape-scale perspectives on regions that have been archaeologically little explored.",
+        "output": "Intensively Cultivated Roman Villae Estates: Case Study of Medulin Bay (Istria, Croatia)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Nifty Metal Index, currently trading at 6,777.30, is currently ensnared within a range-bound pattern on the near-term charts, offering both challenges and opportunities for traders.In this analysis, we will explore the defined range levels, potential triggers, and the prevailing market sentiment to assist traders in making informed decisions in the metal sector.Range-Bound Levels:Upper Range: 6,842 and Lower Range: 6,708The index is currently exhibiting a consolidation phase within this range, indicating a period of uncertainty and equilibrium between buyers and sellers. Such range-bound conditions often set the stage for significant price movements once the range is breached.Breakout Scenarios for Near Term:Breaking the Upper Range (6,842): A successful breach of the upper range could signify a potential bullish breakout. In this scenario, traders should closely monitor resistance levels between 6,880 and 6,916 as potential targets for bullish positions.Breaking the Lower Range (6,708): Conversely, a breakdown below the lower range may indicate a bearish breakout. In this case, traders should consider support levels at 6,650 and 6,580 as potential targets for bearish positions.It's important to note that the technical indicator, the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), is currently in a downtrend. This bearish signal suggests short-term bearishness in the market. Even if the index manages to break above the upper range of the near-term consolidation, traders should exercise caution and be prepared to sell on rallies.In summary, the Nifty Metal Index is currently navigating a range-bound market with a defined upper and lower range. While potential breakouts could lead to significant price movements, the presence of a bearish technical indicator like the MACD underscores a short-term bearish sentiment.The Nifty Pharma Index, presently trading at 15,159.80, is exhibiting a near-term bullish trend on the charts. In this analysis, we will delve into the important levels and indicators to guide traders through this promising market scenario.Key Levels:Resistance Level: 15,236; Strict Stop-Loss: 14,964The current bullish trend is conditional on the index breaking and closing above the critical resistance level at 15,236. Traders should exercise caution and maintain a strict stop-loss at 14,964 on a closing basis when considering buying opportunities.The recommended trading strategy for the Nifty Pharma Index in the near term is to buy on dips. This approach involves purchasing the index when its price experiences a temporary decline. The suggested target levels for traders employing this strategy are 15,400 and 15,510.The importance of the 15,236 level cannot be understated, as its breach and subsequent close above would trigger positive movements in technical indicators like the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) and near-term Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) such as 5, 13, and 21. These positive signals could fuel further bullish performance in the near term.",
-        "output": "The Nifty Metal Index is range-bound between 6,708 and 6,842, with a bearish MACD indicating short-term weakness. The Nifty Pharma Index is bullish, with a buy-on-dips strategy recommended above 15,236 resistance and targets at 15,400 and 15,510.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Neanderthal diet has been on the spotlight of paleoanthropological research for many years. The majority of studies that tried to reconstruct the diet of Neanderthals were based on the analysis of zooarchaeological remains, stable isotopes, dental calculus and dental microwear patterns. In the past few years, there have been a few studies that linked dental macrowear patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans to diet and cultural habits. However, they mostly focused on maxillary molars. Although mandibular molars have been widely used in microwear dietary research, little is known about their usage at the macroscopic scale to detect information about human subsistence strategies. In this study, we compare the macrowear patterns of Neanderthal (NEA), fossil Homo sapiens (FHS), modern hunter -gatherers (MHG), pastoralists, early farmers and Australian Aborigines from Yuendumu mandibular molars in order to assess their utility in collecting any possible information about dietary and cultural habits among diverse human groups. We use the occlusal fingerprint analysis method, a quantitative digital approach that has been successfully employed to reconstruct the diet of living non -human primates and past human populations. Our results show macrowear pattern differences between meat -eater MHG and EF groups. Moreover, while we did not find eco-geographical differences in the macrowear patterns of the fossil sample, we found statistically significant differences between NEA and FHS inhabiting steppe/ coniferous forest. This latter result could be associated with the use of distinct technological complexes in these two species, which ultimately could have allowed modern humans to exploit natural resources in a different way compared to NEA.",
+        "output": "Diet of Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens from macrowear analysis of mandibular molars",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance Accurate risk prediction of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may help clinicians risk stratify and inform care decisions. Objective To develop and validate a novel prediction model for clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF using routinely collected variables and to compare it with a biomarker-driven approach. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were used from the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial to derive the prediction model, and data from the Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (PARAGON-HF) and the Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Study (I-PRESERVE) trials were used to validate it. The outcomes were the composite of HF hospitalization (HFH) or cardiovascular death, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. A total of 30 baseline candidate variables were selected in a stepwise fashion using multivariable analyses to create the models. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to June 2023. Exposures Models to estimate the 1-year and 2-year risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. Results Data from 6263 individuals in the DELIVER trial were used to derive the prediction model and data from 4796 individuals in the PARAGON-HF trial and 4128 individuals in the I-PRESERVE trial were used to validate it. The final prediction model for the composite outcome included 11 variables: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, HFH within the past 6 months, creatinine level, diabetes, geographic region, HF duration, treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, transient ischemic attack/stroke, any previous HFH, and heart rate. This model showed good discrimination (C statistic at 1 year, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.71-0.75) in both validation cohorts (C statistic at 1 year, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.74 in PARAGON-HF and 0.75; 95% CI, 0.73-0.78 in I-PRESERVE) and calibration. The model showed similar discrimination to a biomarker-driven model including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and significantly better discrimination than the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) risk score (C statistic at 1 year, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.58-0.63; delta C statistic, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.15; P < .001) and NT-proBNP level alone (C statistic at 1 year, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68; delta C statistic, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08; P < .001). Models derived for the prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular death also performed well. An online calculator was created to allow calculation of an individual's risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this prognostic study, a robust prediction model for clinical outcomes in HFpEF was developed and validated using routinely collected variables. The model performed better than NT-proBNP level alone. The model may help clinicians to identify high-risk patients and guide treatment decisions in HFpEF.",
-        "output": "Prognostic Models for Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction",
+        "input": "We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Introduction Robust digital and community-led approaches are needed to combat health misinformation, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such gaps in public health outreach, compounded by systemic health barriers, contributed to higher rates of COVID-19 infection, mortality, and mental health effects among Hispanics during the peak of the pandemic. Thus, we conducted a community-based art-meets-health intervention [Stay Connected Los Angeles (SCLA)] to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hispanic communities.Methods Led by local artists in collaboration with public health specialists and community members, SCLA used multimedia to promote infection mitigation behaviors and psychological well-being among the 120,000 residents of Eastern Los Angeles. Campaign materials were designed with input from community representatives and included digital media, large-scale murals, and comic-book style pieces. Two semi-structured focus groups (one in English and another in Spanish) were conducted to solicit participants' views on attributes of the campaign. Independent coders analyzed transcripts and applied thematic analysis to summarize key learnings regarding central health and mitigation messages, media modalities, how health information would be communicated, and the ideal spokespersons for delivering health-related messages.Results Focus group participants emphasized the effectiveness of social media, GIFs, and references to popular media. Further, youth involvement in the creative process was deemed to be important. Participants highlighted the need for clarity in public health messaging and adaptation of visual campaigns to the preferences of diverse age groups through different art styles. Finally, community leaders were found to be critical health information sources.Discussion As a model of a culturally tailored arts-meets health public education campaign, SCLA yielded valuable information on how to structure future public health messaging and media to create a meaningful improvement in health knowledge, mental well-being, and compliance with mitigation behaviors in communities that are often overlooked. Contributions from local artists can heighten appeal and acceptability of messages.",
-        "output": "From art to health action: lessons from a community-based, culturally tailored arts-meets-health educational campaign in Hispanic communities",
+        "input": "During the last years, Electric Vehicles (EV) have disrupted the transport market and are considered a key enabler towards economy -wide decarbonization. However, a high penetration of distributed energy resources on a residential level, such as EV, are expected to increase domestic demand and put a further stress on the operation of power distribution networks. This paper aims at suggesting real-time EV charging strategies based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The end -users can select among different policy profiles, namely cost savingsor user -oriented, depending on their personal optimization goals. Historical daily EV charging data from residential EV owners in Austin, Texas, USA have been analyzed to create user -specific tendencies based on the day of the week (weekday/weekend). The extracted end -user charging tendencies are combined with electricity consumption cost, solar PV self -consumption and EV battery constraints, including the number of daily charging activations. Experimental results on 6 different households show that the proposed Deep QNetwork (DQN) EV charging policies manage to reduce daily electricity costs by up to 49.83% when following a user-orientedenergy policy while being able to charge up to 86.22% of the time in time periods that are consistent with users' historical charging patterns.",
+        "output": "Unlocking the potential of smart EV charging: A user-oriented control system based on Deep Reinforcement Learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite the significance of grit and motivational regulation strategies (MRS) to language learning, limited research has been conducted on their longitudinal interplay. The present study explores the relationship between these two constructs in an English as a second language (L2) learning context through a longitudinal design. This study utilizes repeated measures of L2 grit and MRS at two time points (T1 and T2) to investigate the direction of influence between them and proposes and evaluates four models: an autoregressive model, two unidirectional models, and a bidirectional model. Using questionnaire data from 205 Chinese university students to evaluate the models, results from model assessment revealed that L2 grit at T1 positively predicted L2 grit at T2 and that MRS at T1 positively predicted MRS at T2. While L2 grit showed stability, MRS developed over time. The unidirectional model with L2 grit at T1 as a predictor of MRS at T2 was identified as the model of best fit, indicating that L2 grit at an earlier time unidirectionally influenced MRS at a later time. Based on these findings, we conclude that there is a unidirectional influence between L2 grit and MRS: the former plays an influential role in shaping MRS in L2 learning over time. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between the two constructs, which in turn impacts language learning persistence and success, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers striving to optimize language learning environments and interventions.",
-        "output": "Longitudinal Relationship between L2 Grit and Motivational Regulation Strategy in University Second Language Learning: An Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model Study.",
+        "input": "Slow-moving reactivated landslides can accelerate suddenly and fail catastrophically, posing a great threat to life and economy. Emerging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique for long-term monitoring of such landslides has been devoted to documenting precursory movements before the failure; however, understanding the complex spatiotemporal evolution of a slow-moving reactivated landslide in different parts remains a challenge. Here we present an exemplification of potential reactivation and spatiotemporal evolution based on a recent reactivated landslide in southwestern China. We conducted multi-temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR) using Sentinel-1 constellation data, spanning 4 years (2014 similar to 2018) period, and then retrieved the spatiotemporal deformation pattern for ascending orbit. Results indicated that prior to the large-scale failure on 19 July 2018, the landslide exhibited prolonged slow movement, with an annual line of sight (LOS) velocity reaching -67.2 mm/year. The intense and persistent precipitation in 2018 resulted in higher average LOS velocities compared to those observed during 2014-2017. We have also identified three potential deformation zones, and a detailed analysis of slope deformation in different sections unveiled that the leading edge exhibited the largest displacement, followed by the rear section. These findings strongly suggest that this landslide is most likely a compound event involving retrogressive and progressive failure modes. The 4-year vegetation indices unravel that the decline in values can be attributed to alterations in vegetation structure prior to the extensive failure, as no similar behaviors were observed in historical data. This study highlights the significance of SAR data for monitoring landslide reactivation and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of slow-moving landslides.",
+        "output": "InSAR-derived predisaster spatio-temporal evolution of a reactivated landslide",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze perceptions of strength training in vocational circus and dance students. It was hypothesized that due to the higher relative strength demands and associated risks of working at height in some aerial and acrobatic disciplines that circus students would be more open to strength training than dancers. Methods: Eighty students completed the Training Information Survey (TIS) (Mean age=20.74\u00b12.71); 39 circus students and 41 dance students. 97% of circus students and 69% of dance participants reported that strength training was a required part of their training with students participating in strength training 4.24\u00b10.98 and 3.05\u00b11.42day per week respectively. Results: Perceptions of strength training amongst vocational circus and dance students appear to be favorable, with both sets of students strongly agreeing with the statements Strength training is essential to my overall development as a dancer/circus artist (5.00 (IQR 1.00) and 5.00 (IQR 1.00) respectively). Following Bonferonni correction only one statement returned statistically significant results with dance students agreeing more strongly with the statement Strength training increases muscle size, U=473.00, P=.001. Students also agreed that strength training helped them to feel better mentally and physically, that strength training is beneficial for both men and women and that it should not be designated as specific to either sex. Conclusion: Results support earlier studies that suggest a cultural shift in perceptions of strength training and ideal esthetic in dance, particularly amongst students and that they are keen to incorporate strength training into their practice. Educational establishments should note students' interest in participating in strength training, reviewing how to embed effective strength training education, more coaching and time allowance for these activities within their timetable. Further research with a greater sample size is recommended to further substantiate these indications of a shift in perceptions.",
-        "output": "Strength Training Perceptions Amongst Vocational Circus and Dance Students.",
+        "input": "A renowned group of pediatricians and an attorney with expertise in child abuse matters proposed a medical definition of intrafamilial child torture perpetrated by a caretaker in a landmark 2014 publication in the health sciences literature. Representing one of the most widely cited publications on non-politically motivated child torture to date, this medical definition encompassing physical abuse, psychological abuse, deprivation, and neglect characterizing child torture has been broadly recognized and accepted by multidisciplinary professionals across medical, child welfare, and criminal justice sectors. While the medical community's efforts aimed to compel legislative changes, including adoption of explicit torture-specific statutes that would enable criminal justice system responses reflective of abuse severity, subsequent legal analyses have revealed tremendous variability in criminal investigations, prosecution, sentencing, and case outcomes. In this discussion piece, medico-legal issues relevant to intrafamilial child torture case prosecution are reviewed. The impact of the established medical definition on jurisdictional legal approaches and unique case challenges related to longitudinal nature of abuse, frequent psychological injury, and victim-perpetrator dynamics are explored in depth. Utilizing available legal research platforms, investigative information, health sciences literature, and prosecutor self-report, existing child torture statutes and case outcomes were compared with focus on perpetrator, victim, socio-environmental, and community influence on legal outcome. Prosecutorial challenges facing jurisdictions lacking child torture statutes are discussed with emphasis placed on the critical role played by the medical community to support diagnosis of physical and emotional impacts to the child. Finally, the process by which states can establish a jurisdictional torture statute are suggested.",
+        "output": "Child torture victimization: Review of criminal statutes and medico-legal issues.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "What makes cases of pure risking sometimes wrong? There is a strong intuition that the wrongness of pure risking stands in an explanatory relationship with the wrongness of the non-risky act. Yet, we cannot simply take this for granted insofar as in cases of wrongful pure risking, the risked outcome fails to materialize. To this end, I motivate and develop an under explored approach in the literature that I call Unificationism. According to the Unificationist account that I defend, the fact that pure risking phi is pro tanto wrong is grounded by a general moral fact that phi-ing is pro tanto or all-things-considered wrong, other things being equal. This relationship holds even if and when an agent's risky conduct fails to transpire or culminate into phi-ing ex post. I argue that this Unificationist account captures our explanatory intuition, avoids problems of extensional and explanatory inadequacy that existing alternative faces, and most importantly, renders Unificationism as a plausible view within the ethics of pure risking.",
-        "output": "A unificationist approach to wrongful pure risking",
+        "input": "Sociology has largely followed Durkheim's lead in ignoring the question: why do people die by suicide? This negation prioritizes a positivist, structuralist approach and stymies sociology's contribution by closing off a wide range of tools sociologists might employ. An interpretivist turn in suicide studies accompanied by the growing adoption of qualitative methodology has opened up an array of opportunities to produce insights lost in a Durkheimian approach, but has yet to confront their own weaknesses. This paper shows we need not abandon either tradition, advocating for a third path that integrates the strengths of both approaches.",
+        "output": "Phenomenology, Cultural Meaning, and the Curious Case of Suicide: Localizing the Structure-culture Dialectic",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We investigated molecular evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of atypical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 1905 and determined its long-term persistence and linkage to human disease in dispersed locations, far beyond the large 2014 outbreak epicenter in Portugal. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prevent further disease spread.",
-        "output": "Recurrence, Microevolution, and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 1905, Portugal, 2014-2022.",
+        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
+        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cognitive decline, mental health and mindset factors can all affect the autonomy and well-being of older adults. As the number of older adults across the globe increases, interventions to improve well-being are urgently needed. Improvisational theatre (improv) and improv-based interventions are well-suited to address this need. Studies have shown that participation in improv-based interventions has a positive impact on mental health indicators, including depressive symptoms, well-being and social connectedness, as well as cognitive skills such as attention and memory. In addition, improv-based interventions have been beneficial for people with dementia, improving positive affect, self-esteem and communication. In this article, we describe improvisational theatre, or improv, and the reasons it has emerged from a form of spontaneous theatre that involves playfulness and creativity to an important tool to effect behavioural change in individuals and groups. We then review the literature on the effects of improv in ageing populations, with a focus on social, emotional and cognitive functioning. Finally, we make recommendations on designing improv-based interventions so that future research, using rigorous quantitative methods, larger sample sizes and randomised controlled trials, can expand the use of improv in addressing important factors related to autonomy and well-being in older adults.",
-        "output": "New horizon in improving ageing with improvisational theatre.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Sepsis occurs in 12-27% of patients with haematological malignancy within a year of diagnosis. Sepsis mortality has improved in non-cancer patients in the last two decades, but longitudinal trends in patients with haematological malignancy are not well characterised. We aimed to compare outcomes, including temporal changes, in patients with and without a haematological malignancy admitted to ICU with a primary diagnosis of sepsis in Australia and New Zealand over the past two decades.METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 282,627 patients with a primary intensive care unit (ICU) admission diagnosis of sepsis including 17,313 patients with haematological malignancy, admitted to 216 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia or New Zealand between January 2000 and December 2022. Annual crude and adjusted in-hospital mortality were reported. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were determined using a mixed methods logistic regression model and were used to calculate annual changes in mortality.RESULTS: In-hospital sepsis mortality decreased in patients with haematological malignancy, from 55.6% (95% CI 46.5-64.6%) in 2000 to 23.1% (95% CI 20.8-25.5%) in 2021. In patients without haematological malignancy mortality decreased from 33.1% (95% CI 31.3-35.1%) to 14.4% (95% CI 13.8-14.8%). This decrease remained significant after adjusting for mortality predictors including age, SOFA score and comorbidities, as estimated by adjusted annual odds of in-hospital death. The reduction in odds of death was of greater magnitude in patients with haematological malignancy than those without (OR 0.954, 95% CI 0.947-0.961 vs. OR 0.968, 95% CI 0.966-0.971, p<0.001). However, absolute risk of in-hospital mortality remained higher in patients with haematological malignancy. Older age, higher SOFA score, presence of comorbidities, and mechanical ventilation were associated with increased mortality. Leukopenia (white cell count<1.0*109cells/L) was not associated with increased mortality in patients with haematological malignancy (p=0.60).CONCLUSIONS: Sepsis mortality has improved in patients with haematological malignancy admitted to ICU. However, mortality remains higher in patients with haematological malignancy than those without.",
+        "output": "Sepsis mortality among patients with haematological malignancy admitted to intensive care 2000-2022: a binational cohort study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As plastic waste continues to accumulate in natural environments, the impact of aged microplastics (MPs) on soil ecosystems is increasingly becoming a matter of global concern. However, the effects of aged MPs on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the influence of two types of aged MPs, namely, polystyrene and polypropylene, on soil aggregate stability. We found that MPs have a notable effect on the fundamental structural units of soil aggregates, including organic matter and microorganisms. Consequently, reducing the structural stability of soil aggregates by disrupting the bonding mechanisms of soil particles affects the erosion resistance of coarse aggregates. Furthermore, we investigated the coupled effects of soil electric field-MPs on aggregate stability. The results showed that the critical potential for aggregate explosive fragmentation corresponds to an electric field intensity at an electrolyte concentration of 10-2 mol\u00b7L-1. In this study, we have clarified the primary factors through which MPs affect the stability of water-stable soil aggregates, providing new insights for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MPs on soil aggregates.",
-        "output": "Aging microplastics and coupling of microplastic-electric fields can affect soil water-stable aggregates' stability.",
+        "input": "There are many examples of persons who appear to be grateful to other people's benefactors. In at least some of these examples, such third-party gratitude also seems fitting. However, these observations conflict with a widespread assumption in the philosophical literature about gratitude: that only beneficiaries can be fittingly grateful to benefactors. In this article, I argue that third-party gratitude exists and can be fitting, and that the assumption is therefore mistaken. More specifically, I defend two claims: (i) that there exists a kind of gratitude to benefactors that is experienced by third parties in their capacities as moral agents ('moral gratitude'); and (ii) that what makes this kind of gratitude fitting is the fact that, in benefitting the beneficiaries, the benefactors are responding to values that we, as moral agents, each have reason to care about and to want to see promoted.",
+        "output": "Moral Gratitude",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Cultural soil heritages (CSHs) are artifacts with historical, artistic, and scientific significance; however, they are vulnerable to various hazards, such as weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies. This is especially true for those CSHs exposed to the outdoors. Due to the large number of CSHs sites within China, managing and protecting these heritages with the aid of detailed on-site investigations is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, evaluating the spatial distribution and degree of hazards developed in all these heritages becomes impractical. To address this issue, this paper developed a Gaussian process classification (GPC) method to predict the spatial distribution of typical hazards (i.e., weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies) and the development level of each hazard from eight environmental factors (e.g., annual relative humidity and annual sunshine time) and a limited number of investigation data. As the number of investigation data for different levels of each hazard is usually imbalanced and sparse, this study proposed a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with GPC to form the SMOTE-GPC method. A real-world example is used to illustrate this approach. Results from real-world data demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F 1 score, precision, recall, and Cohen's kappa with values greater than 0.93 in both the training and testing datasets, indicating its good performance. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Probabilistic evaluation of cultural soil heritage hazards in China from extremely imbalanced site investigation data using SMOTE-Gaussian process classification",
+        "input": "This comment critiques the idea of geographic regions being left behind. It argues that the term frames the regions in question as passive experiencers of natural phenomena, in turn obfuscating the structural forces that have shaped those regions and local populations' efforts to pursue better living conditions. The comment draws on three examples from the rural United States to illustrate how the designation of being left behind serves to mask subjugation and struggle.",
+        "output": "What does it mean to be 'left behind?'",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The biographies of some celebrated artists are marked by accounts that paint a far from beautiful portrait. Does this negative-social knowledge influence the aesthetic experience of an artwork? Does an artist's fame protect their paintings from such an influence? We present two preregistered experiments examining the effect of social-emotional biographical knowledge about famous and unknown artists on the reception and perception of their paintings, using aesthetic ratings and neurocognitive measures. In Experiment 1, paintings attributed to artists characterised by negative biographical information were liked less, evoked greater feelings of arousal and were judged lower in terms of quality, than paintings by artists associated with neutral information. No modulation of artist renown was found. Experiment 2 fully replicated these behavioural results and revealed that paintings by artists associated with negative social-emotional knowledge also elicited enhanced early brain activity related to visual perception (P1) and early emotional arousal (early posterior negativity; EPN). Together, the findings suggest that negative knowledge about famous artists can shape not only explicit aesthetic evaluations, but may also penetrate the perception of the artwork itself.",
-        "output": "Art perception is affected by negative knowledge about famous and unknown artists",
+        "input": "Because the term diversity has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice-oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel's critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.'s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel's critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice-oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel's call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion.",
+        "output": "Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper investigates trabecular bone ontogenetic changes in two different Polish populations, one prehistoric and the other historical. The studied populations are from the Brzesc Kujawski region in Kujawy (north-central Poland), one from the Neolithic Period (4500-4000 BC) and one from the Middle Ages (twelfth-sixteenth centuries AD), in total 62 vertebral specimens (32 males, 30 females). Eight morphometric parameters acquired from microCT scan images were analysed. Two-way ANOVA after Box-Cox transformation and multifactorial regression model were calculated. A significant decrease in percentage bone volume fraction (BV/TV; [%]) with age at death was observed in the studied sample; Tb.N (trabecular number) was also significantly decreased with age; trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased with advancing age; connectivity density (Conn.D) was negatively correlated with biological age and higher in the Neolithic population. These data are found to be compatible with data from the current biomedical literature, while no loss of horizontal trabeculae was recorded as would be expected based on modern osteoporosis.",
-        "output": "Age- and sex-related changes in vertebral trabecular bone architecture in Neolithic and Mediaeval populations from Poland.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: To explore the risk factors for postoperative abnormal coagulation (PAC) and establish a predictive model for patients with normal preoperative coagulation function who underwent hepatectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 661 patients with normal preoperative coagulation function who underwent hepatectomy between January 2015 and December 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were divided into two groups: the postoperative abnormal coagulation group (PAC group, n=362) and the normal coagulation group (non-PAC group, n=299). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify the risk factors for PAC.RESULTS: The incidence of PAC in 661 patients who underwent hepatectomy was 54.8% (362/661). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The preoperative international normalized ratio (INR), intraoperative succinyl gelatin infusion and major hepatectomy were found to be independent risk factors for PAC. A nomogram for predicting the PAC after hepatectomy was constructed. The model presented a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.742 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.697-0.786) in the training cohort. The validation set demonstrated a promising ROC of 0.711 (95% CI: 0.639-0.783), and the calibration curve closely approximated the true incidence. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of the predictive model. The risk of PAC increased when the preoperative international normalized ratio (INR) was greater than 1.025 and the volume of intraoperative succinyl gelatin infusion was greater than 1500ml.CONCLUSION: The PAC is closely related to the preoperative INR, intraoperative succinyl gelatin infusion and major hepatectomy. A three-factor prediction model was successfully established for predicting the PAC after hepatectomy.",
+        "output": "Abnormal coagulation after hepatectomy in patients with normal preoperative coagulation function.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - The Australian stock market showed a mixed performance today as energy and gold mining sectors experienced notable declines, while major iron ore companies saw gains. The S&P/ASX200 index fell by 0.29%, reflecting a downturn in several key sectors.Energy stocks particularly underperformed, with industry leaders Woodside (OTC:WOPEY) and Santos witnessing a drop in their share values by 1.12% and 0.78% respectively.Gold miners were not spared from the bearish sentiment, as evidenced by Evolution Mining, which suffered significant losses by 17.33%. The plunge in Evolution's stock came on the heels of a production report that revealed higher than expected costs, casting a shadow over the company's financial performance.In contrast to the struggles faced by energy and gold mining firms, iron ore giants such as BHP, Fortescue Metals Group (OTC:FSUGY), and Rio Tinto (NYSE:RIO) bucked the trend and registered gains. Their positive movement provided some balance to the market's overall performance.The broader market's direction was influenced by signals from central bank leaders, hinting at a cautious stance towards interest rate cuts. This development tempered expectations for a potential rate cut by the Federal Reserve in March, contributing to a cautious mood among investors.Amid these mixed signals from different sectors, the Australian dollar weakened in comparison to the US dollar. The currency's movement reflected the uncertainty and cautious investor sentiment prevailing in the market, as participants weighed the implications of central bank policies and sector-specific developments.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The Australian stock market experienced a mixed performance, with energy and gold mining sectors declining while iron ore companies gained. The S&P/ASX200 index fell by 0.29% due to a downturn in key sectors, including energy and gold mining, which were impacted by lower share values and higher production costs, respectively.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a deadly disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop a fuzzy deep learning (FDL)-based model to estimate the survival time based on clinicopathologic data of oral cancer.METHODS: Electronic medical records of 581 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, treated with surgery with or without radiochemotherapy, were collected retrospectively from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic and the Regional Cancer Center from 2011 to 2019. The deep learning (DL) model was trained to classify survival time classes based on clinicopathologic data. Fuzzy logic was integrated into the DL model and trained to create FDL-based models to estimate the survival time classes.RESULTS: The performance of the models was evaluated on a test dataset. The performance of the DL and FDL models for estimation of survival time achieved an accuracy of 0.74 and 0.97 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.84 to 1.00 and 1.00, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The integration of fuzzy logic into DL models could improve the accuracy to estimate survival time based on clinicopathologic data of oral cancer.",
+        "output": "Survival estimation of oral cancer using fuzzy deep learning.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001652.].",
-        "output": "Erratum: Exploring Communication about Fall Risk and Prevention between Internal Medicine Residents and Geriatric Patients: A Needs Assessment: Erratum.",
+        "input": "'The Children's Sensorium - art, play and mindfulness for post-pandemic recovery' was an exhibition that brought together sensory-based art installations featuring First Nations Connection to Country with mindfulness and embodiment strategies to enhance well-being for children (ages 4-11). As the COVID-19 pandemic slowly moves from the centre of public attention, we are starting to gauge the impact of the world's longest lockdown in Melbourne, Australia, on children's well-being and resilience. 'The Children's Sensorium' exhibition was created with children and their well-being in mind. In this article, we focus on insights from the exhibition evaluation and address the ways artistic and sensory-based mindful engagement can support children's well-being and resilience. Evaluation of The Sensorium exhibition provides a view into the potential of sensory-based artworks to create a stimulating environment, positive emotions, mindful awareness of their senses and the environment and a sense of playful agency for children. The Sensorium provoked a fresh way of thinking about art exhibitions for children: one that centred a child-friendly, strength-based artistic space where children felt agency to be creative and explore the complexity of their emotions, hopes and fears in the wake of the global pandemic.",
+        "output": "Sensorial Contemporary Arts, Mindfulness and Play for Children's Post-Pandemic Recovery - Qualitative Evaluation of The Children's Sensorium",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation worldwide, and the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure and CHD in population has only received limited study. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case-control study to explore the associations between prenatal exposure to individual PFASs, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk, including 185 CHDs and 247 controls in China from 2016 to 2021. Thirteen PFASs in maternal plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models (Bayesian kernel machine regression [BKMR] and quantile g-computation [qgcomp]) were used to assess the potential associations between any individual PFAS, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression indicated significant associations between elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (odds ratio [OR]= 1.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.07-1.58), perfluorodecanoic acid (OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.32-3.26), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.45-5.65) and CHD risk. The BKMR model and qgcomp approach identified that a significant positive association between the PFAS mixture and risk for CHD. These findings provide essential evidence that there is indeed a health crisis associated with PFASs and that it is linked to CHD.",
-        "output": "Prenatal exposure to poly/perfluoroalkyl substances and risk for congenital heart disease in offspring.",
+        "input": "The EU and China are major importers of 'forest-risk' commodities and thus play a pivotal role in shaping the sustainability of those commodities supply chains. The EU recently introduced a regulation mandating due diligence by companies to ensure commodities are not sourced from recently deforested land. However, even if eventually successful in eliminating 'imported' deforestation to Europe, the regulation risks creating leakage to China and other markets. This possibility has prompted stakeholders to call for cooperation and policy alignment between the EU and China to address imported deforestation. This study applies the 'Brussels Effect' theory to identify what factors hinder or facilitate such policy convergence. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with key informants engaged in EU-China dialogues on the topic. Our findings suggest that, despite political signals from high-level Chinese leadership, it is unlikely that China will adopt trade measures requiring 'deforestation free' commodities in the foreseeable future. China's foreign policy stance of non-interference and concerns about its food security are key obstacles. While this limits the prospects of policy convergence in the short to medium term, a mix of market-based forces and cooperative mechanisms enabled by the EU regulation may lower the barriers and costs for companies to expand compliance with zero deforestation standards to other markets such as China, making some level of 'de facto' convergence plausible. We also note the importance of moving beyond a unilateral 'Brussels Effect' framing to consider the role of diplomacy, cooperation, and geopolitical conditions that promote, or run counter to, policy convergence.",
+        "output": "Prospects and challenges for policy convergence between the EU and China to address imported deforestation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - MicroStrategy's executive chairman, Michael Saylor, has raised alarms today about an influx of sophisticated Bitcoin scams using AI-generated deep-fake videos on YouTube. These fraudulent videos falsely portray Saylor promoting barcode scanning schemes, potentially misleading viewers and investors.The software company's team is actively combating this new wave of cybercrime, working tirelessly to identify and remove approximately 80 of these deceptive videos from the platform daily. In response to the threat, Saylor has issued a clear warning to the crypto community, advising individuals to exercise caution and verify the legitimacy of any cryptocurrency-related offers they encounter. He has reiterated that MicroStrategy does not engage in Bitcoin giveaways, a common lure used in digital currency scams.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "MicroStrategy's Michael Saylor warns of AI-generated deep-fake Bitcoin scams on YouTube, with the company removing around 80 such videos daily. Saylor advises caution and verifying the legitimacy of cryptocurrency offers, as MicroStrategy does not engage in Bitcoin giveaways.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Cultural soil heritages (CSHs) are artifacts with historical, artistic, and scientific significance; however, they are vulnerable to various hazards, such as weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies. This is especially true for those CSHs exposed to the outdoors. Due to the large number of CSHs sites within China, managing and protecting these heritages with the aid of detailed on-site investigations is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, evaluating the spatial distribution and degree of hazards developed in all these heritages becomes impractical. To address this issue, this paper developed a Gaussian process classification (GPC) method to predict the spatial distribution of typical hazards (i.e., weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies) and the development level of each hazard from eight environmental factors (e.g., annual relative humidity and annual sunshine time) and a limited number of investigation data. As the number of investigation data for different levels of each hazard is usually imbalanced and sparse, this study proposed a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with GPC to form the SMOTE-GPC method. A real-world example is used to illustrate this approach. Results from real-world data demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F 1 score, precision, recall, and Cohen's kappa with values greater than 0.93 in both the training and testing datasets, indicating its good performance. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Probabilistic evaluation of cultural soil heritage hazards in China from extremely imbalanced site investigation data using SMOTE-Gaussian process classification",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Globally, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less poses a significant threat to human health. The first step in quantifying human health impacts caused by exposure to PM2.5 pollution is exposure assessment. Population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) estimation is one of the methods that provides a more precise exposure assessment since it incorporates the spatiotemporal distribution of population with the pollution concentration estimate. In this study, PM2.5 exposure levels in the local communities around brickmaking industries were investigated, using the population census data of the study area and 1-year data from nine PM2.5 monitoring stations installed in and around the brickmaking industries. The observed PM2.5 data was spatially interpolated using inverse distance weight (IDW). Data on PM2.5 levels across the study area were classified based on the World Health Organization interim target (IT) guidelines and the South African National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). An annual PM2.5 population weighted exposure level of 27.6 mu g/m(3) was estimated for the study area. However, seasonal exposure levels of 28.9, 37.6, 26.5, and 20.7 mu g/m(3) were estimated for the autumn, winter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. This implies that local communities around the brick kiln in the Vhembe District are exposed to high levels of PM2.5, especially in winter. The PM2.5 levels in the brickmaking industries as well as its other sources in the Vhembe District, therefore, need to be lowered. Findings from population exposure level to pollutants can provide valuable data for formulating policies and recommendations on exposure reduction and public health protection. Implications: PM2.5 concentration in any given environment has high spatial and temporal variability due to the presence of diffused sources in the environment. Using ambient air concentrations to directly estimate population exposure without taking into consideration the disproportionate spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutant and the population may not yield accurate results on human exposure levels. It is, therefore, important to assess the aggregated PM2.5 exposure of a populace within a given area. This study therefore examines the PM2.5 population-weighted-exposure level of the host communities of the brickmaking industry in Vhembe District, South Africa.",
-        "output": "A spatial approach to assessing PM2.5 exposure level of a brickmaking community in South Africa",
+        "input": "Catcalls have been said to insult, intimidate, and silence their targets. The harms that catcalls inflict on individuals are reason enough to condemn them. This paper argues that they also inflict a type of structural harm by subordinating their targets. Catcalling initiates an unwanted conversation where none should exist. This brings the rules and norms governing conversations to bear in such a way that the catcall assigns their target a subordinate discourse role. This not only constrains the behavior of the target here and now, but also influences the norms governing future conversations. Catcalls are then not only bad because of the effects on their target, but also because of their pernicious contribution to the wider normative landscape.",
+        "output": "Catcalls and Unwanted Conversations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews are viewed as the best study design to guide clinical decision-making as they are the least biased publications assuming they are well-conducted and include well-designed studies. Cochrane was initiated in 1993 with an aim of conducting high-quality systematic reviews. We aimed to examine the publication rates of non-Cochrane systematic reviews (henceforth referred to simply as systematic reviews) and Cochrane reviews produced throughout Cochrane's existence and characterize changes throughout the period.METHODS: This observational study collected data on systematic reviews published between 1993 and 2022 in PubMed. Identified Cochrane reviews were linked to data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via their Digital Object Identifier. Systematic reviews and Cochrane reviews were analyzed separately. Two authors screened a random sample of records to validate the overall sample, providing a precision of 98%.RESULTS: We identified 231,602 (94%) systematic reviews and 15,038 (6%) Cochrane reviews. Publication of systematic reviews has continuously increased with a median yearly increase rate of 26%, while publication of Cochrane reviews has decreased since 2015. From 1993 to 2002, Cochrane reviews constituted 35% of all systematic reviews in PubMed compared with 3.5% in 2013-2022. Systematic reviews consistently had fewer authors than Cochrane reviews, but the number of authors increased over time for both. Chinese first authors conducted 15% and 4% of systematic reviews published from 2013-2022 and 2003-2012, respectively. Most Cochrane reviews had first authors from the UK (36%). The native English-speaking countries the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia produced a large share of systematic reviews (42%) and Cochrane reviews (62%). The largest publishers of systematic reviews in the last 10years were gold open access journals.CONCLUSIONS: Publication of systematic reviews is increasing rapidly, while fewer Cochrane reviews have been published through the last decade. Native English-speaking countries produced a large proportion of both types of systematic reviews. Gold open access journals and Chinese first authors dominated the publication of systematic reviews for the past 10years. More research is warranted examining why fewer Cochrane reviews are being published. Additionally, examining these systematic reviews for research waste metrics may provide a clearer picture of their utility.",
-        "output": "Comparative analysis of Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews over three decades.",
+        "input": "The European Alps are rapidly losing glacier mass due to climatic warming and are anticipated to be largely icefree by the year 2100. Long-term glacier monitoring in the Alps provides a record of anthropogenically-driven climate change since the Little Ice Age maximum in -1850. Understanding these long-term glacier changes provides a basis for mitigating hazards (e.g., mass movements) associated with a transition to a paraglacial environment and for predicting future scenarios. Here, we present a post-Little Ice Age-maximum record of glacial landscape changes in the Upper Zemmgrund, Austria, utilising a multi-method framework integrating multi-decadal geomorphological mapping, historical imagery and remote sensing of glacier change. This study contributes a high-resolution, quantifiable record of the transition from a glacial to paraglacial landscape. We find that individual glacier response to climatic change varies within the Upper Zemmgrund, attributed to glacier characteristics such as hypsometry and size. Nonetheless, all glaciers show signs of growing instability such as an increase in crevasses and the collapse of circular tension structures, which have dammed meltwater at the terminus of one glacier, posing a substantial hazard to downstream communities. Future glacier disintegration is anticipated to accelerate in the Upper Zemmgrund, which may result in an ice-free landscape within the next -40-60 years.",
+        "output": "Deglaciation patterns in the Upper Zemmgrund, Austria: An exploration of clean-ice disintegration scenarios",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) Mutual fund redemptions increased 39 per cent year on year to Rs 3,323 billion, leading to a decline in net inflows to Rs 2,063 billion in calendar year CY23 from Rs 2,383 billion in CY22, Motilal Oswal (NS:MOFS) Financial Services said in a report.Domestic MFs\u2019 equity assets under management (AUM) rose for the 10th consecutive year to reach Rs 23.8 trillion (+43 39 per cent YoY) in CY23. The rise in AUM was fueled by an uptrend in market indices (Nifty: +20 39 per cent YoY) and higher equity scheme sales (at Rs 5,386b +13 39 per cent YoY). The MF industry\u2019s total AUM increased 27 39 per cent YoY (Rs 10.9t) to Rs 50.8t in CY23, propelled by the growth in equity funds (Rs 7,224b), other ETFs (Rs 1,255b), balanced funds (Rs 1,109b), and arbitrage funds (Rs 595b).Investors continued to park their money in mutual funds, with inflows and contributions in systematic investment plans (SIPs) reaching a new high of Rs 176.1 billion in December 2023 (up 3.1 39 per cent MoM and 29.7 39 per cent YoY), the report said.The year saw a notable change in the sector and stock allocation of funds. The weight of defensives improved 120bp to 29.6 39 per cent, propelled by an increase in the weights of Utilities, Healthcare, and Telecom; while Technology, and Consumer moderated.The weight of Domestic Cyclicals declined 110bp to 62.1 39 per cent, pulled down by BFSI, and Chemicals.Global Cyclicals\u2019 weightage, too, decreased 20bp to 8.2 39 per cent, led by Oil & Gas.Capital Goods improved its position to fourth from eighth a year ago, with the weight increasing 130bp to 7.5 39 per cent in CY23, the report said.The BFSI pack, however, saw a massive 360bp contraction in weight to 29 39 per cent. Technology\u2019 position remained unchanged over the last one year, with the weightage moderating 30bp to 9.4 39 per cent.Healthcare saw a rise in weight to 6.9 39 per cent (+60bp YoY) in CY23. Utilities witnessed a surge in weight to 4.3 39 per cent (+110bp YoY), the report said.--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Mutual fund redemptions surged by 39% YoY to Rs 3,323 billion in CY23, leading to a decline in net inflows to Rs 2,063 billion from Rs 2,383 billion in CY22. The MF industry's total AUM increased 27% YoY to Rs 50.8 trillion in CY23, driven by growth in equity funds, other ETFs, balanced funds, and arbitrage funds.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Even though lithics in the Maya region have traditionally been relegated to appendices and tool-type lists, much has been done to move beyond this descriptive approach in the last decade. In this article we highlight general themes of lithic studies in the Maya region since 2011, including economic production and exchange, the role of lithics in ritual practice, and the use of previously understudied raw materials and lithic forms, such as ground stone. Employing a temporal scope that encompasses the Maya and their preceramic predecessors, we explore gendered patterns of research within lithic studies from a feminist perspective and discuss the impacts that gender disparities have on academic thought.La litica en la region Maya han estado regalado a los apendices y listos de utensilios. Sin embargo, en la ultima decada, muchos estudios han trabajados a superar este enfoque. Unas sumaciones examen los avances en los estudios liticas en la region Maya desde 2011, incluyendo los temas de produccion e intercambio economicas, actividades rituales y el papel de litica en ritual, y el uso de formas y materiales menos estudiados (e.g., piedra molida). Usando un lapso temporal que incluye los Mayas y sus antecesores del periodo preceramica, examinamos los patrones de investigacion de genero dentro de los estudios lithicos y seguimos la investigacion feminista sobre los impactos que tienen las disparidades de genero en el pensamiento academico.",
+        "output": "Lithics in the Maya Region: Exploring Gendered Trends in Research in the Last Decade",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Hippocrates, an influential figure in ancient Greek medicine, is best known for his lasting contribution, the Hippocratic Oath, which includes a significant message about obstetrics and gynecology. Given the Oath's status as a widely regarded ethical code for medical practice, it requires critical evaluation. The message of the Oath, as it related to obstetrics and gynecology, is expressed in ancient Greek by the phrase omicron\u1f50delta\u1f72 gammaupsilonnualphaiotakappa\u1f76 piepsilonsigmasigma\u1f78nu phitheta\u03ccrhoiotaomicronnu delta\u03cesigmaomega which translates directly to I will not give to any woman a harming pessary. The words fetus and abortion were not present in the original Greek text of the Oath. Yet, this message of the Hippocratic Oath has been interpreted often as a prohibition against abortion. In this article, we present a critical linguistic and historical analysis and argue against the notion that the Hippocratic Oath was prohibiting abortion. We provide evidence that the words foetum (fetus) and abortu (abortion) were inserted in the Latin translations of the Oath, which then carried on in subsequent English versions. The addition of the words fetus and abortion in the Latin translations significantly altered the Oath's original meaning. Unfortunately, these alterations in the translation of the Hippocratic Oath have been accepted over the years because of cultural, religious, and social reasons. We assert that because the original Hippocratic Oath did not contain language related to abortion, it should not be construed as prohibiting it. The interpretation of the Oath should be based on precise andrigorous translation and speculative interpretations should be avoided.",
-        "output": "Revisiting the evolution of the Hippocratic Oath in obstetrics and gynecology.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Anesthesiology journals appear to have been progressively publishing a smaller percentage of operating room (OR) management studies. Similarly, non-anesthesiologists have increasingly been authors of these publications. Five hypotheses were formulated to evaluate these impressions based on 2 of the authors' curation of an online, comprehensive bibliography of OR management articles and corresponding referenced course materials.METHODS: We studied all 2938 publications having Scopus' SciVal topic T.6319 (OR management) more than 28 years from 1996 through May 2023, including 8608 distinct authors.RESULTS: Half (50%) of the publications were absent from PubMed, and the percentage absent has been increasing progressively (Kendall's tau = 0.71; P < .0001). Fewer than half were published in journals including anesthesiology as the sole classification (20%) or as one of the classifications (27%). The anesthesiology journals have been publishing a progressively decreasing fraction (tau = -0.61; P < .0001). Among the 11 authors each contributing at least 1% of the OR management science publications, 9 were anesthesiologists and the other 2 had anesthesiologists as coauthors on all these publications. Only 3% of authors had at least 10 OR management publications from earlier years. There were 75% of authors with no such earlier publications and 85% with 0 or 1. There was a progressive increase in the number of authors publishing OR management annually and with at most 1 such earlier publication (tau = 0.90; P < .0001). Only 20% of publications had any author with at least 10 earlier OR management publications, 48% had every author with no such earlier publications, and 60% had all authors with 0 or 1.CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the authors with the greatest production of OR management science were anesthesiologists, the percentage of publications in anesthesiology journals has been decreasing progressively. Anesthesiologists cannot rely solely on anesthesiology journals to keep up with the field. For most publications, every author had few or no earlier publications on the topic. Clinicians and managers relying on OR management science will continue to need to apply more information when judging whether published results can reliably be applied to their facilities.",
+        "output": "Bibliometric Analysis of Contributions of Anesthesiology Journals and Anesthesiologists to Operating Room Management Science.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In European painting, a transition took place where artists started to consciously introduce blurred or soft contours in their works. There may have been several reasons for this. One suggestion in art historical literature is that this may have been done to create a stronger sense of volume in the depicted figuresor objects. Here we describe four experiments in which we tried to test whether soft or blurred contours do indeed enhance a sense volume or depth. In the first three experiments, we found that, for both paintings and abstract shapes, three dimensionality was actually decreased instead of increased for blurred (and line) contours, in comparison with sharp contours. In the last experiment, we controlled for the position of the blur (on the lit or dark side) and found that blur on the lit side evoked a stronger impression of three dimensionality. Overall, the experiments robustly show that an art historical conjecture that a blurred contour increases three dimensionality is not granted. Because the blurred contours can be found in many established art works such as from Leonardo and Vermeer, there must be other rationales behind this use than the creation of a stronger sense of volume or depth.",
-        "output": "Vagueness and volume: Testing the perception of depth in images with linear, sharp, or blurred contours.",
+        "input": "Several manuscripts and drawings of our historical and artistic heritage have been produced with iron gall inks. To obtain an iron gall ink, ancient treatises cite the addition of ferrous sulphate and gum Arabic to a decoction of oak galls as a basic procedure. Owing to the development of synthetic chemistry, iron gall ink recipes were improved with new materials and procedures in the late 19th and early 20th century. Notably, many conservation issues arise from the interaction between iron gall inks and the paper support of manuscripts and drawings. To date, most of the research on the topic are focused on paper preservation by non-destructive analytical methods, which provide only limited information on degradation process trends and minor components, representative of iron gall ink's recipes. In the present work, three historical recipes of iron gall inks ( alizarine ink , Reid ink , modern gall ink) , dated to 19th20th century and differing for the preparation method and additives, were characterized. The molecular markers of iron gall inks and of gallic acid degradation were detected by an optimized protocol based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Furthermore, by performing ageing tests on reference materials in different indoor conditions (natural light and stored in the dark), two degradation mechanisms were observed: hydrolysis of poly-galloyl glucose species and auto-oxidation of gallic acid. Thus, different chemical profiles and ageing trends were revealed depending on the starting recipe. The procedure Limit of Detection (LOD) was estimated, improving the approaches reported so far in the literature. Finally, the strategy was successfully applied for the characterisation of the ink employed in a very degraded 16th century manuscript, granting access to the complete molecular profile of an iron gall ink with just 15 mu g of sample. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Linking historical recipes and ageing mechanisms: the issue of 19th century iron gall inks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Hand stencils are a remarkable graphic expression in Prehistoric rock art, dating back to 42 ka BP. Although these stencils provide direct impressions of the artists' hands, the characterization of their biological profile (i.e., biological sex and age) is very challenging. Previous studies have attempted this analysis with traditional morphometrics (TM), whereas little research has been undertaken using Geometric Morphometrics (GM), a method widely used in other disciplines but only tentatively employed in rock art studies. However, the large variation in relative finger position in archaeological hands poses the question of whether these representations can be examined through GM, or, in contrast, if this creates an unmanageable error in the results. To address this issue, a 2D hand scans sample of 70 living individuals (F = 35; M = 35) has been collected in three standardized positions (n = 210) and digitized with 32 2D conventional landmarks. Results show that the intra-individual distance (mean Procrustes distance between Pos. 1-2 = 0.132; 2-3 = 0.191; 1-3 = 0.292) is larger than the inter-individual distance (mean in 1 = 0.122; 2 = 0.142; 3 = 0.165). Finally, it has been demonstrated that the relative finger positions, as well as the inclusion of all hand parts in the analysis, have an overshadowing effect on other variables potentially involved in the morphometric variability of the hand, such as biological sex.",
-        "output": "Exploring the utility of Geometric Morphometrics to analyse prehistoric hand stencils",
+        "input": "In this paper, dietary patterns are reconstructed across two phases represented at the Copper Age of Scaba 'e Arriu (Sardinia, Italy) via isotopic analysis of human and animal skeletal remains. Collagen carbon, nitrogen, and bioapatite carbon, and oxygen isotopes were used to infer diet, economic practices, and possibly different climatic conditions. Differential management of cattle, sheep/goats, and pigs was detected, with scarce animal products in the human diet in the Early Copper Age, followed by an increase in animal products identifiable in herbivore livestock, coincident with more rainy conditions in the Late Copper Age. Dietary information was then considered in light of the climatic periods already known for the period and compatible with the data presented. The study's outcome indicates generally sedentary and endogamous groups with only a few outliers in both phases.",
+        "output": "Intensified exploitation of animal products in the Mediterranean Copper Age: isotopic evidence from Scaba 'e Arriu (Sardinia)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUNICH - Mynaric AG (NASDAQ:MYNA)(FRA:M0YN), a provider of laser communications products, has announced a significant increase in its order backlog and customer cash-in for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. The Munich-based company, which specializes in scalable laser communications for air, space, and mobile applications, reported an optical communications terminal backlog of 794 units, surpassing the forecasted figure of over 500 units. Additionally, the cash-in from customer contracts reached EUR 49.2 million ($1 = \u20ac0.91), exceeding the expected EUR 30 million.The company's preliminary and unaudited financials indicate that the revenue and operating loss for the year are in line with the previously communicated range, maintaining the levels from 2022 at around EUR 4.4 million for revenue and EUR 73.8 million for operating loss. Mynaric's CEO, Mustafa Veziroglu, attributed the record backlog to strong order momentum and customer trust, while CFO Stefan Berndt-von Bulow highlighted the achievement of critical milestones leading to the year's financial performance.The bulk of the backlog includes deliverables for key aerospace and defense customers, primarily related to government-funded satellite constellations. Deliveries are scheduled to commence in the first quarter of 2024 and are expected to continue into 2025 and 2026, providing the company with a clear view of future revenue and cash flow.Mynaric is recognized for its contribution to the industrial revolution of laser communications, offering high data rate and secure long-distance data transmission between moving objects. The company has operations in Munich, Los Angeles, California, and Washington, D.C.This news article is based on a press release statement from Mynaric AG.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Mynaric AG, a laser communications provider, reported a record order backlog of 794 units and customer cash-in of EUR 49.2 million for 2023, exceeding forecasts due to strong order momentum and customer trust. The backlog includes deliverables for key aerospace and defense customers, with deliveries scheduled to commence in Q1 2024 and continue into 2025 and 2026.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A novel three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial with low frequency bandgaps and negative Poisson's ratio is designed, consisting of a conventional three-dimensional reentrant structure and periodic resonators, with the aim of achieving vibration isolation and impact mitigation. The bandgap characteristic of the proposed metamaterial is determined computationally, and its dispersion diagram exhibits both partial bandgaps and a complete bandgap within a frequency band of interest. The mechanism for bandgap occurrence is characterised as the local resonance of ligaments and resonators, according to a vibration mode analysis. The wave attenuation capacity of the proposed metamaterial is derived numerically and experimentally from semi-infinite and finite-size metamaterial models, showing a good agreement with the predicted bandgap. Additionally, a thorough study on the design flexibility indicates that the bandgap characteristic can be directly tailored by changing the geometrical parameters of the proposed metamaterial. This allows further optimisation of the metamaterial for potential applications. The dynamic performance of the proposed metamaterial under an impact load is investigated by a finite element model. This demonstrates that the metamaterial reduces the transmitted force by a factor of 1.6 (for peak value) and 2.0 (for root mean square value) under a pulse impact with a duration of 0.88 ms. The impact mitigation result obtained from the impact test confirms that the metamaterial shows a mitigation capacity which is approximately 20% better than that of the conventional reentrant structure.",
+        "output": "Developing three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with tailorable bandgaps for impact mitigation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaAvenue Supermarts (NS:AVEU) Ltd. (ASL), one of India's leading food and grocery retailers, has unveiled its standalone and consolidated financial results for the quarter and nine months ending 31 December 2023.In Q3 FY24, ASL reported a total revenue of INR 13,572 crore, a notable increase from INR 11,569 crore in the same period last year. The Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) for this quarter reached INR 1,120 crore, with an EBITDA margin of 8.3%. The net profit for Q3 FY24 stood at INR 690 crore, reflecting a 5.1% PAT margin. Basic Earnings per share (EPS) for this quarter registered at INR 10.62.For the nine months ending 31 December 2023, the total revenue amounted to INR 38,062 crore, showcasing a growth from INR 32,245 crore in the corresponding period last year. The EBITDA for 9MFY24 reached INR 3,160 crore, with an 8.3% EBITDA margin. The net profit for 9M FY24 stood at INR 1,972 crore, reflecting a PAT margin of 5.2%. The Basic EPS for 9M FY24 was INR 30.34.ASL follows an Everyday Low Cost - Everyday Low Price (EDLC-EDLP) strategy, aiming to procure goods at competitive prices, ensuring operational and distribution efficiency, and providing customers with value for money.Neville Noronha, CEO & Managing Director of Avenue Supermarts Limited, commented on the company's performance, noting a 17.2% revenue growth in Q3 FY24 compared to the same quarter last year. He highlighted the stabilization of contributions from General Merchandise and Apparel and positive post-Diwali trends. Despite lower-than-expected festive season sales in Non-FMCG, ASL opened 5 new stores during the quarter, bringing the total store count to 341.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim the sale of the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\" and for the 1-year plan, click \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "Avenue Supermarts reported a 17.2% revenue growth in Q3 FY24, with a total revenue of INR 13,572 crore and a net profit of INR 690 crore, reflecting a 5.1% PAT margin. The company opened 5 new stores during the quarter, bringing the total store count to 341.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.",
+        "output": "Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CFRA research has downgraded Lucid Auto (NASDAQ:LCID) from a Sell rating to a Strong-Sell rating while also cutting their 12-month price target on the company\u2019s shares to $1.00 (From $2.00) after Lucid announced a rise in deliveries during the fourth quarter.\u201cWhile LCID's quarterly shipments represented its highest total of any quarter in 2023, sales fell well short of our 2,133 forecast.\u201d Wrote CFRA analysts in a note. \u201cWith shares hitting a new record low, we see little in the way of fundamental or technical support for the stock and expect additional lows to be set.\u201dAccording to CFRA, the delivery outcomes for Lucid suggest that the company's cash burn rates have remained exceptionally high, and there are clear indications that its financial runway is shortening.CFRA cut their 2023 adjusted EPS estimate to -$1.50 from -$1.45, but held 2024 and 2025 estimates at -$1.20 and -$1.05, respectively.As shares of LCID fall more than 4.15% in mid-day trading Wednesday, CFRA analysts advised investors against \u201ccatching a falling knife.\u201d",
-        "output": "CFRA downgraded Lucid Auto (LCID) to Strong-Sell, cutting its price target to $1 from $2 due to lower-than-expected Q4 deliveries, indicating high cash burn and a shortening financial runway. Despite raising its 2023 adjusted EPS estimate to -$1.50 from -$1.45, CFRA advises against investing in LCID due to its falling share price.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Microplastics (MPs) act as carriers for organic pollutants (e.g. antibiotics) and microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) in waters, leading to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the antibiotics adsorbed on MPs may exacerbate this process. For further research, it is necessary to understand the types and amounts of antibiotics adsorbed on MPs. However, due to the heavy work of MPs collection and sample pretreatment, there is a lack of analytical methods and relevant data. In this study, an in -tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS method based on amorphous precursor polymer of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks/monolith-based composite adsorbent was developed, which could efficiently capture, enrich and analyze tetracycline (TCs) antibiotics. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the developed method was capable of detecting TCs at levels as low as 0.48-1.76 pg. This method was applied to analyze the TCs adsorbed on MPs of different particle sizes in mariculture water for the first time, requiring a minimum amount of MPs of only 1 mg. Furthermore, it was observed that there could be an antagonistic relationship between algal biofilm and TCs loaded on MPs. This approach could open up new possibilities for analyzing pollutants on MPs and support deeper research on MPs.",
+        "output": "High-sensitive determination of tetracycline antibiotics adsorbed on microplastics in mariculture water using pre-COF/monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "\"BSE and NSE granted their 'no objections' to the scheme of arrangement among Tata Motors and its shareholders and creditors for the cancellation of the entire \u2018A\u2019 ordinary share capital (DVR) and issuance and allotment of ordinary shares as consideration for such reduction of capital, \" the firm said in a filing.The validity of this 'observation letter' will be 6 months from December 21, within which the scheme will be submitted to the NCLT.Tata Motors on July 25, 2023 announced that it will convert its DVR shares to ordinary shares. Under this, it will issue 7 fully paid-up new ordinary shares with a face value of Rs 2 for every 10 DVR shares with a face value of Rs 2.Tata Motors DVR was also trading nearly 3 per cent up, as of 10:50 am Friday.Besides, a healthy outlook has also helped the stock of Tata Motors zoom 88 per cent so far in 2023, as compared to a 16.2 per cent rise in the S&P BSE Sensex. The stock had hit a record high of Rs 734.85 on December 18.Tata Motors is looking at a strong H2FY24E (October-March) and beyond due to improvements in all 3 business verticals.Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) is expected to see higher volumes and an improved product mix leading to higher earnings before interest tax (EBIT) margin guidance for FY24E.\"Tata Motors-Commercial Vehicle (CV) will continue to see double-digit EBITDA margins backed by strong realizations. Passenger Vehicle (PV) margins are likely to improve due to new product launches recently and improvements in electric vehicle (EV) margins. With all 3 businesses firing in the right direction, Tata Motors is well poised to deliver a solid performance ahead\", said brokerage KRChoksey in September.S&P Global Ratings in November said that Tata Motors' debt reduction will likely accelerate over the next 12-18 months, driven primarily by strong free operating cash flow (FOCF) at JLR.\u201cWe expect JLR to report positive FOCF of over \u00a32 billion in both fiscals 2024 (year ending March 2024) and 2025, compared with about \u00a3500 million in fiscal 2023. This will likely drive sharp deleveraging at Tata Motors,\u201d the global rating agency said.Tata Motors expects next year - both calendar and fiscal - to be the best on record in terms of sales volume for the company's passenger vehicles business, driven by the new models it plans to launch with electrical and conventional powertrains, the management told the Economic Times.",
-        "output": "Tata Motors' DVR shares will be converted to ordinary shares, with 7 new ordinary shares issued for every 10 DVR shares. The conversion is expected to improve the company's financial performance due to strong cash flow from JLR and improved margins in all three business verticals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Europe and North America are the 2largest recipients of international migrants from low-resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high-income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations. Cardiometabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors are important contributors to their increased CVD risk. However, despite these common denominators, there are important ethnic differences in the propensity to develop CVD that relate to pre- and postmigration factors, such as socioeconomic status, cultural factors, lifestyle, psychosocial stress, access to health care and health care usage. Some of these pre- and postmigration environmental factors may interact with genetic (epigenetics) and microbial factors, which further influence their CVD risk. The limited number of prospective cohorts and clinical trials in migrant populations remains an important culprit for better understanding pathophysiological mechanism driving health differences and for developing ethnic-specific CVD risk prediction and care. Only by improved understanding of the complex interaction among human biology, migration-related factors, and sociocultural determinants of health influencing CVD risk will we be able to mitigate these differences and truly make inclusive personalized treatment possible.",
+        "output": "International Migration and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling the Disease Burden Among Migrants to North America and Europe.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chennai, Jan 11 (IANS) Software major  Infosys  Ltd (NS:INFY) closed the third quarter of FY24 with a consolidated net profit of Rs.6,113 crore, which is 7.2 per cent lower than what it earned for the corresponding quarter of the previous year.In a regulatory filing, Infosys said it closed the quarter ending 31.12.2023 with a revenue of Rs.38,821 crore (Q3 31.12.2022 Rs.38,318 crore) and a net profit of Rs.6,113 crore (Rs.6,586 crore).The company also said its step down subsidiary Infosys McCamish had suffered a Rs.250 crore loss of revenue and costs due to a cybersecurity incident in November 2023.According to Infosys, as on 31.12.2023, its total headcount stood at 322,663 (software professional 304,590, sales & support 18,073) as against 346,845 (software professionals 329,295, sales & support 17,589) as on 31.12.2022.The company said the attrition rate is at 12.9 per cent. Infosys also said its step down subsidiary Infosys McCamish Systems LLC had suffered Rs.250 crore as loss contracted revenues, costs incurred towards remediation and restoration of communication due to a cyber security incident that occurred in November 2023.Infosys also said, Infosys McCamish may incur additional costs, indemnities/damages which are indeterminable now.The Indian software major also said it will acquire 100 per cent equity in the Rs.153.6 crore revenue InSemi Technology Services Private Ltd for Rs.280 crore.The acquisition is expected to be closed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, subject to customary closing conditions.\u201cConsideration including earn-outs, and management incentives, and retention bonus totaling up to Rs 280 crore subject to customary closing adjustments,\u201d Infosys said.The Bengaluru-headquartered InSemi has a headcount of over 900 people.--IANSvj/rad",
-        "output": "Infosys reported a 7.2% decline in Q3 FY24 net profit to Rs. 6,113 crore, despite a revenue increase to Rs. 38,821 crore. The company's step-down subsidiary, Infosys McCamish, incurred a Rs. 250 crore loss due to a cybersecurity incident.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Blair articulates a concept of argument that suggests, as he puts it, that argument is a normative concept (Blair, Informal Logic 24:137-151, 2004, p. 190). Put roughly, the idea is that a collection of propositions doesn't constitute an argument unless some taken together constitute a reason for the remaining proposition and thereby support it enough to provide at least prima facie justification for it (Blair, in: Blair, Johnson, Hansen, Tindale (eds) Informal Logic at 25, Proceedings of the 25th anniversary conference, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, 2003, p.173). My primary task in this paper is to advance an understanding of the illative unit of argument and the reasons associated with it that provides an intuition pump for a normative concept of argument. My aim is to advance a positive consideration in favor of a normative concept of argument that motivates its further development. I take the normative concept of argument I defend here to be in the same ballpark as the one Blair characterizes.",
+        "output": "In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Share of Mahanagar gas Ltd (MGL) zoomed 6.6 per cent to Rs 1,055 apiece on the BSE in Monday's intraday trade after the city gas distributor's net profit more-than-doubled to Rs 339 crore in the September quarter.At 9:40 AM, shares were ruling 3 per cent higher at Rs 1,018 per share as against 344 points, or 0.54 per cent, slide in the benchmark S^&P BSE Sensex. The BSE Oil and Gas index, on the other hand, was up 0.49 pr cent.MG's consolidated net profit surged 106 per cent to Rs 339 crore in Q2FY24 as against Rs 164 crore in the year-ago period. It's revenue, however, was flat at\u00a0 Rs 1,773 crore, up 1.66 per cent from Rs 1,744 crore during the corresponding quarter of the previous fiscal.The company's total gas sales volume stood at 329 mmscmd (million metric standard cubic meter per day) during the quarter under review, up 6 per cent from the previous quarter. Of the total volume, industrial volume was 46 million SCM, while CNG was 238 million SCM.Ebitda (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation), meanwhile, soared 89.4 per cent year-on-year to Rs 478.9 crore over Rs 252.8 crore. Ebitda margin stood at 30.5 per cent in the Q2FY24 as compared to 16.2 per cent in the corresponding period in the previous fiscal.For the first half of FY24, H1FY24, MGL's revenue stood at Rs 3,110 crore (up 3 per cent YoY), Ebitda came in at Rs 1,000 crore (up 86 per cent YoY), and net profit at Rs 710 crore (up 102 per cent YoY).Ebitda scm stood at Rs 15.7 (up 84 per cent YoY) with total volumes flat at 3.4mmscmd (down 1 per cent YoY).Over the past one month, shares of MGL have crashed 11 per cent on the bourses as against 2.6 per cent drop in the benchmark Sensex index.Earlier this month, Mahanagar Gas entered into a Joint Venture agreement with Baidyanath LNG Private Limited to incorporate a Private Limited Company in India. MGL and BLNG shall subscribe the initial share capital of JVC in the ratio of 51:49.",
-        "output": "Mahanagar Gas Ltd's net profit surged 106% to Rs 339 crore in Q2FY24, driven by a 6% increase in gas sales volume and an 89.4% jump in EBITDA. The company's shares rose 6.6% to Rs 1,055 on the BSE in intraday trade.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Rituals and feasting ceremonies at Polynesian marae depict culturally complex relationships between humans and animals that cannot be explained by subsistence alone. In Central-East Polynesia, this topic still requires the elaboration of a ritual zooarchaeology framework. Using sea turtle assemblages from three sacred sites on Fakahina atoll (Tuamotu), this study offers a preliminary approach to faunal deposits from ritual contexts. Following systematic excavations of marae on Fakahina, analysis aimed to determine whether faunal deposits could be linked with intentional feasting and offering behaviours. To detect how ritual actions were organised through space, skeletal and taphonomic variables were examined for both overall sites and sub-assemblages within sites based on the spatial associations of fauna with site features.At certain site features, derived quantitative units such as %MAU and recovery rate could identify potential offering behaviours through the intentional sorting of culturally significant body parts. The taphonomic signatures of site features could also identify open or closed deposition environments, assisting with the identification of disturbed features as either exposed platforms or enclosed cists. In addition to highlighting previously undocumented complexity in the use of site features, an overall comparison of turtle remains from the three sites shows the potential of these methods to explore variation in ritual practices.Les rituels et festins ceremoniels conduits sur les marae polynesiens refletent des relations hommes-animaux complexes depassant le cadre de la simple subsistance. Neanmoins, ce sujet de recherche en Polynesie centre-orientale requiert l'elaboration d'un cadre d'analyse, autrement dit une archeozoologie du rituel. Se basant sur des assemblages de tortues de trois sites sacres sur l'atoll de Fakahina (archipel des Tuamotu), cette etude cherche a determiner si les depots fauniques peuvent etre mis en rapport avec des comportements de consommation ceremonielle ou d'offrandes. Afin de reconstituer l'organisation spatiale des actions rituelles, nous examinons les variations squelettiques et taphonomiques aux echelles inter et intra-sites.Dans certaines structures, les analyses quantitatives (Minimal Animal Unit, Recovery rate) ont permis d'identifier des comportements rituels au travers du depot intentionnel de parties importantes de l'animal. Les signatures taphonomiques contribuent egalement a distinguer des environnements de depot ouverts ou fermes. Cette etude revele non seulement une complexite de gestes jusqu'a present pas documentes archeologiquement, mais aussi le potentiel de notre approche pour explorer les variations de pratiques rituelles entre sites.",
+        "output": "Turtles for the ancestors: A zooarchaeological study of ritual deposits on Fakahina, Tuamotu archipelago (French Polynesia)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "As a corridor for population movement out of Africa, the southern Levant is a natural laboratory for research exploring the dynamics of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition. Yet, the number of well-preserved sites dating to the initial millennia of the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; 45-30 ka) remains limited, restricting the resolution at which we can study the biocultural and techno-typological changes evidenced across the transition. With EUP deposits dating to 45-39 ka cal BP, Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, offers a key opportunity to expand our understanding of EUP lifeways in the southern Levant. Mughr el-Hamamah is particularly noteworthy for its large faunal assemblage, representing the first such assemblage from the Jordan Valley. In this paper, we present results from taxonomic and taphonomic analyses of the EUP fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah. Given broader debates about shifts in human subsistence across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, we also assess evidence for subsistence intensification, focusing especially on the exploitation of gazelle and the use of small game. Taphonomic data suggest that the fauna was primarily accumulated by human activity. Ungulates dominate the assemblage; gazelle (Gazella sp.) is the most common taxa, followed by fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) and goat (Capra sp.). Among the gazelle, juveniles account for roughly one-third of the sample. While the focus on gazelle and the frequency of juveniles are consistent with broader regional trends, evidence for the regular exploitation of marrow from gazelle phalanges suggests that the EUP occupants of Mughr el-Hamamah processed gazelle carcasses quite intensively. Yet, the overall degree of dietary intensification appears low-small game is rare and evidence for human capture of this game is more equivocal. As a whole, our results support a growing body of data showing gradual shifts in animal exploitation strategies across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant.",
-        "output": "The fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan: Insights on human hunting behavior during the Early Upper Paleolithic.",
+        "input": "In light of the challenges posed by climate change and rural revitalization, high-quality construction in rural areas is facing significant obstacles from rainstorm flooding. This study adopts a regional disaster system analysis framework and examines the characteristics of rural rainstorm flooding disasters, including the instability of the breeding environment, the hazard characteristics, and the vulnerability of the exposure. Using this framework, we explore the various causes of rainstorm flooding in rural China, assess the effectiveness of responses to these disasters, and examine the differences between urban and rural responses. Our analysis reveals that the increase in rainstorm flooding in rural China is a complex result of multiple factors, including increased risk, instability, and vulnerability. While rural areas have made some progress in monitoring and responding to rainstorm flooding disasters, they remain weaker than cities in terms of governance and disaster management systems. To address these challenges, we recommend increased attention to rural flood control and disaster reduction, stronger preparation for disaster prevention and reduction plans, enhanced rural disaster infrastructure defense, increased financial support for water conservancy projects, and stronger professional emergency response teams, disaster relief equipment, and materials. Additionally, we recommend strengthening disaster prevention and reduction education and publicity among rural residents to promote the ability to self-rescue and mutual rescue.The disastrous impact of climate change and resulting extreme weather events on rural areas has become increasingly evident in recent years. China's vast rural areas have been particularly affected by frequent rainstorm flooding disasters. This paper identifies the increase in rainstorms, the instability of the disaster breeding environment in rural areas, and the increased vulnerability of exposures in these areas as the main reasons behind the intensification of rural rainstorm flooding. To mitigate the impact of these disasters, attention should be paid to natural disaster risk management, normalized flood control, and disaster reduction in rural areas. This requires overall coordination of rural disaster prevention and reduction planning, emphasis on improving the defense capacity of rural areas, increasing financial support for defensive water conservancy projects, promoting the construction of professional emergency rescue teams in rural areas, scientifically distributing flood prevention and disaster relief equipment and materials, strengthening publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction, and enhancing rural disaster prevention awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities.",
+        "output": "Rising to the Climate Challenge: Better Understanding the Rural Rainstorm Flooding Disaster Risk Management Using Practical Insights from China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LAS VEGAS - Ault Alliance, Inc. (NYSE American: AULT), a diversified holding company, has announced a new strategic initiative to hold a portion of the Bitcoin it mines. The company plans to retain between 5% and 20% of the Bitcoin mined on its balance sheet. The company's subsidiary, Sentinum, Inc., achieved a record high in Bitcoin mining during December 2023, mining approximately 151 Bitcoin. This performance translates to a monthly run rate of about $6.9M and an annual run rate of roughly $83.3M (NYSE:MMM), based on the Bitcoin price of around $46,000.Milton \"Todd\" Ault III, the Founder and Executive Chairman of Ault Alliance, expressed confidence in Bitcoin's sustainability as an asset class, citing insights from Michael Saylor, Executive Chairman of MicroStrategy. Ault emphasized the company's alignment with strategies that capitalize on the digital asset's potential in both the short and long term.Kenneth S. Cragun, the Chief Financial Officer of Ault Alliance, addressed the new accounting guidance which requires companies to measure Bitcoin at fair value on their balance sheets, with changes reflected in net income each reporting period. Cragun assured that the financial team is prepared to handle these new accounting and disclosure requirements, maintaining compliance and optimizing asset management.The decision to hold a portion of the mined Bitcoin underscores Ault Alliance's commitment to adapting its strategy in line with the digital economy's evolution. The move is expected to provide the company with a stronger position within the cryptocurrency market.This announcement is based on a press release statement from Ault Alliance, Inc. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Ault Alliance, Inc. (NYSE American: AULT) plans to hold 5-20% of its mined Bitcoin on its balance sheet, following a record-breaking December 2023 mining month with 151 Bitcoin mined, resulting in a monthly run rate of $6.9M and an annual run rate of $83.3M.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A unified and modular falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style framework is introduced for classical, paradefinite, paraconsistent, and paracomplete logics. This framework is composed of two special inference rules, referred to as the rules of explosion and excluded middle, which correspond to the principle of explosion and the law of excluded middle, respectively. Similar to the cut rule in Gentzen's LK for classical logic, these rules are admissible in cut-free LK. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus fsCL for classical logic is formalized based on the proposed framework. The calculus fsCL is obtained from the existing falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN4 for Nelson's paradefinite (or paraconsistent) four-valued logic N4 by adding the rules of explosion and excluded middle. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN3 for Nelson's paracomplete three-valued logic N3 is also obtained from GN4 by adding the rule of explosion. The cut-elimination theorems for fsCL, GN3, and some of their neighbors as well as the Glivenko theorem for fsCL are proved.",
+        "output": "Rules of Explosion and Excluded Middle: Constructing a Unified Single-Succedent Gentzen-Style Framework for Classical, Paradefinite, Paraconsistent, and Paracomplete Logics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Thibaut Brunet is a group leader at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where he works on choanoflagellates (known as 'choanos' for short). These unicellular organisms are close relatives of animals that have the potential to form multicellular assemblies under certain conditions, and Thibaut's lab are leveraging them to gain insights into how animal morphogenesis evolved. We met with Thibaut over Zoom to discuss his career path so far, and learnt how an early interest in dinosaurs contributed to his life-long fascination with evolutionary biology.",
-        "output": "Transitions in development - an interview with Thibaut Brunet.",
+        "input": "Medical education in the US has contributed to institutionalized racism through historically exclusionary practices, which has led to health disparities and inequities in health care today. The 1910 Flexner report, which favored schools with greater resources, led to the closure of nearly half of medical schools in the Us, which were mostly small schools located in rural communities that served economically disadvantaged, ethnic minority, and female populations. Closing these schools ultimately limited the availability of physicians willing to serve disadvantaged and minority populations in impoverished and underserved communities. In order to transform medical education to be more equitable, medical schools must be proactive in opportunity, diversity, and equity efforts. This not only includes efforts in admissions and faculty hiring, but also curricula related to social and health disparities, interracial interactions between students and faculty, and service learning activities that engage and work with marginalized communities. The University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine has a longstanding commitment to diversity, which is integral to the school's mission. Providing opportunities to underserved populations has been a priority since establishment of the school. As one of the most diverse univeristies in the US, the school of medicine continues to focus on opportunity, diversity, and equity priorities in both its strategic planning and overall mission.",
+        "output": "Historical Inequities in Medical Education - Commitment to Opportunity, Diversity, and Equity at the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper is concerned with a kind of Bobwhite quail population model x n + 1 = A + B x n + x n x n - 1 x n - 2 , n = 0 , 1 , \u22ef , where the parameters and initial values are positive parabolic fuzzy numbers. According to g-division of fuzzy sets and based on the symmetrical parabolic fuzzy numbers, the conditional stability of this model is proved. Besides the existence, boundedness and persistence of its unique positive fuzzy solution. When some fuzzy stability conditions are satisfied, the model evolution exhibits oscillations with return to a fixed fuzzy equilibrium no matter what the initial value is. This phenomena provided a vivid counterexample to Allee effect in density-dependent populations of organisms. As a supplement, two numerical examples with data-table are interspersed to illustrate the effectiveness. Our findings have been verified precise with collected northern bobwhite data in Texas, and will help to form some efficient density estimates for wildlife populations of universal applications.",
-        "output": "Dynamic analysis of a fuzzy Bobwhite quail population model under g-division law.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
+        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Political conflicts or geopolitical tensions can create uncertainty in addressing climate change and environmental management in the Arctic. Dissecting how actors interact with each other and form networks is important for understanding ecological and environmental management challenges during geopolitical tensions, as well as promoting better governance. We construct transboundary networks for Arctic climate change governance (ACCG) from 2013 to 2021 based on the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT). Further, we used network descriptive statistical analysis and Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models (TERGM) to explore the structure of ACCG networks and the key factors influencing cooperation formation. The findings suggest that the overall cooperation density of the ACCG is low, and the dominant position of core actors is continuously strengthening. Non-state actors are less likely to be seen as partners and their participation depends largely on cooperation with states. The results also show that actors with similar stances and problem exposure are more likely to cooperate, but those exposed to high latitudes often choose not to cooperate; first-comers are more likely to perceive as cooperating yet they are inclined to establish internal cooperation. Additionally, two geographically proximate actors are more likely to cooperate. This indicates that under geopolitical tensions, the ACCG faces challenges not only due to the limited capacity of non-state actors to perform transboundary functions but also because the cooperation mechanisms are influenced by regional political logic. Accordingly, we further suggest policy recommendations from developing binding international frameworks to guide transboundary cooperation, enhancing cooperation among non-state actors, and ensuring the representativeness and fairness of non-Arctic actors' participation. This research provides insights into transboundary environmental management under political tensions, while also offering new pathways for analysing large-scale environmental governance structures.",
-        "output": "Transboundary cooperation in Arctic climate change governance under geopolitical tensions.",
+        "input": "Archaeological evidence supports sporadic seafaring visits to the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus by Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers over 12,000 years ago, followed by permanent settlements during the early Neolithic. The geographical origins of these early seafarers have so far remained elusive. By systematically analysing all available genomes from the late Pleistocene to early Holocene Near East (c. 14,000-7000 cal BCE), we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of the early Neolithic Fertile Crescent and Anatolia and infer the likely origins of three recently published genomes from Kissonerga-Mylouthkia (Cypriot Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, c. 7600-6800 cal BCE). These appear to derive roughly 80% of their ancestry from Aceramic Neolithic Central Anatolians residing in or near the Konya plain, and the remainder from a genetically basal Levantine population. Based on genome-wide weighted ancestry covariance analysis, we infer that this admixture event took place roughly between 14,000 and 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the transition from the Cypriot late Epipaleolithic to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA). Additionally, we identify strong genetic affinities between the examined Cypro-LPPNB individuals and later northwestern Anatolians and the earliest European Neolithic farmers. Our results inform archaeological evidence on prehistoric demographic processes in the Eastern Mediterranean, providing important insights into early seafaring, maritime connections, and insular settlement.",
+        "output": "Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of early settlers on the island of Cyprus.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The steam generators (SGs) of CANadian Deuterium Uranium nuclear reactors require periodic inspections to ensure their safe operation. Eddy current (EC) testing is the primary method by which the SG tubes are inspected. Many conditions in the SG tubes affect the EC response, such as fretting, pitting, cracking, as well as tube expansion, and the presence of tubesheet and support structures. When two or more of these parameters overlap, the EC signals from degradation induced wall losses are frequently difficult to interpret because these wall loss signals are often distorted due to interference with background signal variations. In this paper, a novel analytical model that describes the impedance of a bobbin coil with a plate encircling an arbitrary number of cylindrical conductors is developed. The model is validated against finite element method modelling and experiment. This model can be used to simulate the main probe response, while inspecting SG tubes near the tubesheet and support structures and thereby, provides the potential to separate out smaller flaw responses.",
-        "output": "Analytical model of eddy current bobbin coil probe responses at support plates in steam generator and heat exchanger tubes",
+        "input": "As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.",
+        "output": "ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Loneliness is a public health issue among older adults. We designed an intervention offering 10 sessions with diverse artistic methods (ArtGran). This study assessed the effectiveness of ArtGran in reducing loneliness and its negative effects on health in community-dwelling older adults in 2022 in Barcelona.STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study, with an intervention group (IG) and a comparison group (CG).METHODS: The sample included residents aged \u226570 years from 6 selected neighbourhoods of Barcelona. In each neighbourhood, an IG and a CG was formed with participants who reported loneliness and without special mobility needs. The participants were referred from primary care centres, social services, and community health centres. We included 138 participants (IG=63, CG=75). We collected data on loneliness, quality of life (QoL-5D), mood, and self-perceived health before and after the intervention through validated questionnaires. To assess the effect of the intervention, we built Poisson models with robust variance and linear regression models.RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, participants in the IG were more likely than those in the CG to be able to perform their usual activities without problems (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45). Compared with the CG, participants in the IG attending more than half of the sessions had lower levels of loneliness (aPR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.07-1.73), a better ability to perform their usual activities (aPR [95%CI]=1.24 [1.05-1.48]), and higher happiness scores (beta=0.73; P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the intervention was more pronounced when participants had high attendance. Our results suggest that high attendance of the ArtGran program was helpful in shielding older individuals from loneliness, fostering positive moods, and preserving their functional status.",
-        "output": "Evaluation of effectiveness of an art-based museum intervention in reducing loneliness among older adults (ArtGran): a quasi-experimental study.",
+        "input": "While the concept of interspecies solidarity has been central to ecofeminist work on animal rights since the 1980s, less attention has been devoted to the question of animal desire within the feminist animal care tradition, the majority of which has focused on women's and animals' shared oppression under patriarchy. This article offers a reformulation of feminist animal care ethics, one that seeks to recenter animal desire as the ground for interspecies solidarity. The first section of the article offers a review of the relationship between women and interspecies solidarity as articulated within the feminist animal care tradition. Part two draws upon multispecies ethnographic participant observation at a cat sanctuary in Syros, Greece, to account for questions of animal agency, as well as the gendered, racialized, and classed dimensions of interspecies care work. The final section of the article concludes by considering the ways in which grief and mourning are central to the decolonial project of feminist interspecies care and solidarity in a post-pandemic world.",
+        "output": "Feline Entanglements: Feminist Interspecies Care and Solidarity in a Post-Pandemic World",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper describes a quasi-experimental evaluation of a reform in Israel ('EMUN'), which attempted to institutionalize problem-oriented policing on a national scale. The current study examines the effect of this reform on tackling traffic disturbance and road bullying offences. We compared three police stations that chose to deal with traffic offences using the tools and techniques provided through the reform (treatment stations) with five police stations that were matched - using a specially designed algorithm - on several criteria, including similar trends of traffic offences (comparison stations). Each treatment station was compared to two comparison stations using a difference-in-differences approach. In five out of six comparisons there were large and significant reductions in documented traffic disturbances in the targeted areas of the treatment stations compared to the control stations. We also found evidence of significant diffusions in crime control benefits in two of the treatment stations. However, there was evidence of significant geographical displacement to the buffer zone in the largest treatment stations. We attribute this to differences in the nature of the areas targeted and discuss the relative harms and benefits. The findings of the study show that institutionalizing a variety of evidence-based policing strategies has a promise not only for classic crimes (such as property and violence), but also for incivilities and quality-of-life offenses.",
-        "output": "Proactive policing and traffic disturbances: A quasi-experiment in three Israeli cities",
+        "input": "A common understanding emphasizes the destructive effects of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) on social cohesion and community life. Stressing the agency of survivors, we present an alternative argument. Our theory predicts that survivors seek to counteract the stigma attached to CRSV by contributing to the community in the form of civic engagement. Drawing on three original surveys from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, and Sri Lanka and relying on list experiments to reduce underreporting bias, we find that survivors of CRSV indeed show increased levels of civic engagement. This civic effect is consistent across the three contexts and very likely causal. We also rule out an alternative mechanism based on posttraumatic growth and dispel concerns that increased civic engagement comes at the expense of decreased intergroup relations. However, looking at sex differences, our results are more sobering. While in line with our prediction, they do not support the optimistic notion that survivors' mobilization results in female empowerment and the closing of existing gender gaps in civic behavior. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of CRSV, the legacy of violent conflict, and the gendered nature of politics.",
+        "output": "The gendered costs of stigma: How experiences of conflict-related sexual violence affect civic engagement for women and men",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Foreign Portfolio investors (FPIs) have dumped Indian equities worth Rs 8,000 crore in the first week of October on the back of dollar appreciation and the steady rise in the US bond yields.This came after FPIs turned net sellers in September and pulled out Rs 14,767 crore. Before the outflow, FPIs were incessantly buying Indian equities in the last six months from March to August and brought in Rs 1.74 lakh crore during the period.Going ahead, FPIs are unlikely to turn buyers in the market soon in the context of the elevated dollar and US bond yields, V K Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said.According to the data with the depositories, Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) sold shares to the tune of Rs 8,000 crore in this month (till October 6).India continues to be on top of emerging economies in attracting FPI this year, but September witnessed selling and October has begun with the same trend.\"The dominant factor impacting capital flows to markets in recent weeks has been the steadily rising US bond yields. The early days of October witnessed a rout in the US bond market, which took the 30-year bond yield to 5 per cent briefly. The benchmark 10-year yield is consistently over 4.7 per cent forcing the FPIs to sell in emerging markets,\" Vijayakumar said.Himanshu Srivastava, Associate Director - Manager Research, Morningstar India, attributed the outflow to economic uncertainties in the US and Eurozone regions, as well as growing concerns about global economic growth. This scenario led foreign investors to turn risk-averse.Additionally, higher crude prices, sticky inflation numbers and the expectation that the interest rate may continue to remain at elevated levels longer than expected would have prompted foreign investors to adopt a wait-and-watch approach, he said.Further, sub-normal monsoon in India and its impact on inflation is also a concern for the domestic economy, which foreign investors would be cognisant of, he added.The selling by FPIs was countered by domestic institutional investors (DII) buying.On the other hand, FPIs invested Rs 2,081 crore in the country's debt market during the period under review.With this, the total investment by FPIs in equity has reached Rs 1.12 lakh crore and over Rs 31,200 crore in the debt market this year so far.In terms of sectors, FPIs have been selling in financials, power, IT, and oil and gas, while they have been buyers in capital goods, autos, and auto components.Further, second quarterly results from financials, which are expected to be good, might restrain FPIs from selling in this segment, Geojit's Vijayakumar said.",
-        "output": "FPIs sold Indian equities worth Rs 8,000 crore in the first week of October due to dollar appreciation and rising US bond yields, continuing their net selling trend from September. This outflow is attributed to economic uncertainties in the US and Eurozone, higher crude prices, and concerns about global economic growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Can a hearer be rationally justified to have beliefs based on testimony alone when the source of his information is known to have conflicting epistemic goals? When it comes to belief justification, existing theories either recommend avoiding epistemic conflicts of interest or ignoring them. This is an important epistemological limitation. A theory that comes in degrees, capable of explaining what beliefs we are justified to hold and why, despite epistemic conflict of interest, is still lacking. Building on a game-theoretical approach, I suggest such a theory and argue that the hearer can justify some beliefs on testimony alone. This justification relies on an equilibrium concept, which is only reached in the long run. In addition, the hearer's justified beliefs will always be less accurate than those held by the original source. For instance, assume the speaker is a climate scientist who has good reasons to believe that a 2 circle \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$<^>{\\circ }$$\\end{document} C increase in temperature will lower the current global GDP by 10 percentage points. Under epistemic conflict of interest, a hearer will typically be justified to a belief close to that value, but not equal to it. The smaller the epistemic conflict of interest, the closer, on average, the hearer's and speaker's belief. These results highlight the importance of scientific norms which, in practice, are the embodiment of these equilibrium mechanisms and thus of scientific credibility.",
+        "output": "Testimonial justification under epistemic conflict of interest",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush Khanna Jyoti CNC Automation  Ltd (NS:JYCA) marked a successful debut on 16 January 2024, opening at a 12% premium over its IPO price. The stock commenced trading at INR 370 on NSE and INR 372 on BSE, surpassing the issue price of INR 331 of the issue. Analysts had anticipated a listing premium of around 15%, taking ques from the GMP before the listing.Prior to the listing, the stock traded with an 11% premium in the grey market, an informal platform where shares transact before IPO allotment until the listing day. The robust response to the IPO saw a subscription of over 38 times, with Qualified Institutional Buyers leading at over 44 times, followed by retail investors at over 26 times, and High Net Worth Individuals at over 36 times their respective quotas.The IPO, opened from 9 January 2024 to 11 January 2024, featured a price band of INR 315-331 per share, raising INR 1,000 crore through a fresh issue of 3 crore shares. The funds generated will be allocated to long-term working capital requirements, loan repayments, and general corporate purposes.Jyoti CNC Automation specializes in manufacturing and supplying metal-cutting CNC machines, catering to prominent clients like ISRO, BrahMos Aerospace, Turkish Aerospace, and other industry leaders. The IPO was managed by Equirus Capital, ICICI Securities (NS:ICCI), and SBI (NS:SBI) Capital Markets, with Link Intime India serving as the registrar.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "Jyoti CNC Automation Ltd debuted on NSE and BSE on 16 January 2024 with a 12% premium over its IPO price, driven by strong demand from institutional investors and retail investors. The IPO was subscribed over 38 times, raising INR 1,000 crore.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Storytelling in solidaristic communities can foster agency and challenge oppression. However, power imbalances among community members can undermine that potential by contributing to the production of loneliness, where a person loses their sense of self and their sense of belonging within the solidaristic community. To prevent loneliness and to protect the liberatory potential of storytelling, we consider how what we call solidaristic listening might be supported. We first consider, but ultimately reject, empathy as a central feature of solidaristic listening. Despite its popularity in feminist philosophy, empathy is often unable to maintain the relational distance needed between conversation partners to appreciate their differences. Instead, we suggest an ongoing embodied, relational approach to foster solidaristic listening. We draw on three philosophical ideas to motivate our account: visiting the perspectives of others (Arendt 1992), visiting as a reciprocal exchange that requires multiple trips (Simpson 2017), and solidarity as traveling together (Medina 2013).",
+        "output": "Solidaristic Listening",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective governance arrangements are central to the successful functioning of health systems. While the significance of governance as a concept is acknowledged within health systems research, its interplay with health system reform initiatives remains underexplored in the literature. This study focuses on the development of new regional health structures in Ireland in the period 2018-2023, one part of a broader health system reform programme aimed at greater universalism, in order to scrutinise how aspects of governance impact on the reform process, from policy design through to implementation.METHODS: This qualitative, multi-method study draws on document analysis of official documents relevant to the reform process, as well as twelve semi-structured interviews with key informants from across the health sector. Interviews were analysed according to thematic analysis methodology. Conceiving governance as comprising five domains (Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Integrity, Capacity) the research uses the TAPIC framework for health governance as a conceptual starting point and as initial, deductive analytic categories for data analysis.RESULTS: The analysis reveals important lessons for policymakers across the five TAPIC domains of governance. These include deficiencies in accountability arrangements, poor transparency within the system and vis-a-vis external stakeholders and the public, and periods during which a lack of clarity in terms of roles and responsibilities for various process and key decisions related to the reform were identified. Inadequate resourcing of implementation capacity, competing policy visions and changing decision-making arrangements, among others, were found to have originated in and continuously reproduced a lack of trust between key institutional actors. The findings highlight how these challenges can be addressed through strengthening governance arrangements and processes. Importantly, the research reveals the interwoven nature of the five TAPIC dimensions of governance and the need to engage with the complexity and relationality of health system reform processes.CONCLUSIONS: Large scale health system reform is a complex process and its governance presents distinct challenges and opportunities for stakeholders. To understand and be able to address these, and to move beyond formulaic prescriptions, critical analysis of the historical context surrounding the policy reform and the institutional relationships at its core are needed.",
-        "output": "The role of governance in shaping health system reform: a case study of the design and implementation of new health regions in Ireland, 2018-2023.",
+        "input": "The Saddest Waste The moral that Joaquin Sorolla meant to convey in his 1899 painting Sad Inheritance! was based on a faulty diagnostic theory. In retrospect, the boys he depicted suffered from polio - not congenital syphilis.",
+        "output": "The Saddest Waste - Disability, Heredity, and the Artist's Eye",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaHappiest Minds (NS:HAPP) Technologies, a leading digital transformation and IT solutions company, has announced its consolidated results for the third quarter ending 31 December 2023. Despite industry challenges, the company showcased robust revenue growth, attributing its success to a resilient business model. The introduction of a focused Gen-AI Business unit and the upcoming restructuring into five Industry Groups, led by specialized managers, is expected to further fuel growth starting April 2024.Financial highlights for Q3 include a 0.8% q-o-q and 9.4% y-o-y growth in constant currency revenue, with operating revenues in US dollars reaching $49.4 million. The quarter reported a total income of INR 434.17 crore, EBITDA of INR 105.19 crore, and a PAT of INR 596.2 crore. For the nine months ending 31 December 2023, the company achieved an 11.5% y-o-y growth in constant currency revenue, with operating revenues in US dollars at $146.1 million. The total income was INR 1,267.53 crore, EBITDA stood at INR 313 crore, and PAT was INR 176.41 crore.Venkatraman N, MD & CFO, highlighted a healthy 12% growth in profits for the current nine-month period, surpassing profit guidance for the fifteenth consecutive quarter. Happiest Minds, recognized among India\u2019s Best Workplaces, emphasized its commitment to sustaining a strong, diverse, and inclusive culture for its team. The company added ten customers in the quarter, bringing the billion-dollar customer count to 59. Key project wins across various sectors reinforce Happiest Minds' strategic importance in cloud, data, analytics, AI, intelligent automation, and cybersecurity. As of 31 December 2023, the company had 5,246 employees and 245 clients.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "Happiest Minds Technologies reported a 9.4% y-o-y growth in constant currency revenue for Q3 2023, driven by a resilient business model and key project wins in cloud, data, and AI. The company also announced the introduction of a Gen-AI Business unit and a restructuring into five Industry Groups to fuel further growth.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In contemporary society, the reverse osmosis (RO) process is important for water treatment and reuse industry. However, membrane fouling remains a challenging issue during operation. To date, RO system operation mainly relies on the operator's knowledge, and the maintenance is carried out based on schedule or pre-defined criteria due to our limited understanding of RO fouling in real applications. To better understand the process and enable system optimization, an integrated data-driven coupled with adsorption model has been proposed in this study. The data-driven model calibrates the mechanistic model and predicts future values, while the adsorption model provides predictions on transmembrane pressure (TMP). By integrating these two models, an accurate prediction with high robustness and an insight into the detailed fouling mechanisms in real plants were achieved. In addition to the model itself, multiple regression analysis (MRA) had also been applied to identify the dominant fouling mechanisms. This analysis confirms that it is highly possible that membrane fouling is developed from an intermediate pore blockage to cake filtration.",
+        "output": "Prediction of reverse osmosis membrane fouling in water reuse by integrated adsorption and data-driven models",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Between the years 2013-2016, the artist & Idot;z & Ouml;ztat created four distinct bodies of work, all of which engaged aspects of water. This period was marked in Turkey by the heightened tensions around the neoliberal (re)distribution of public space and public resources, which escalated in the aftermath of the Gezi Park Protests of 2013. In this article, the author argues that, beyond its immediate critique of contemporary capitalist appropriation, & Ouml;ztat's engagement with water builds relations across time, space, and species to recall histories of the Armenian Genocide, challenging the denials of official historiography. By tapping into the linguistic, cultural, and material imaginaries of water, and learning from the present-day water protection movements, & Ouml;ztat engages the diverse histories carried across waterways. Water becomes a nexus through which the artist locates and articulates the physical and epistemic violence of modernity, particularly as it indexes community, conscience, and ecology from the late 19th century to the present.",
-        "output": "Water and fluidity in \u0130z \u00d6ztat's heterochronic imaginaries in the aftermath of genocide",
+        "input": "This Arts and Medicine feature coauthored by a patient and her hospital clinicians describes the use of hand-drawn window art in hospital rooms as a way to bring color and creativity into inpatient settings and build community among hospital staff and patients.",
+        "output": "Window Treatment-Bringing Art and Joy to Hospital Rooms",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Intellect Design Arena rallied nearly 5 per cent to a high of Rs 704.50 on the BSE after AFC Commercial Bank signed a deal with the company to modernise its banking operations.At 02:40 PM, the stock was up 2.4 per cent at Rs 687 on Thursday. The counter saw trades of around 16,000 shares as against the two-week average volume of around 34,000 shares. Meanwhile, the S&P BSE Sensex was flat around 67,467.According to a release issued by Intellect Design Arena, AFC Commercial Bank has chosen, the company's consumer banking arm -\u00a0 Intellect Global Consumer Banking offering Intellect Digital Core (IDC) to modernise its banking operations.IDC enables banks to launch innovative products across current and savings accounts, deposits, cards, payments, lending, treasury and trade finance to cater their customers' ever-evolving banking requirements, the release stated.Earlier this month, the company's Consumer banking arm had unveiled iQuantum Treasury 23 - a comprehensive Reserve Portfolio Management Solution for Central Banks.iQuantum Treasury 23, powered by eMACH.ai (Events-driven, Microservices-based, API, Cloud, Headles with underlying AI models), includes Forex, Money Markets, Fixed Income, Derivatives and central bank specific features like IMF\u2019s Special Drawing Rights (SDR) management, ACU, Concurrent Audit and Advanced Portfolio Management, the company had said in a release.",
-        "output": "Intellect Design Arena's shares surged 2.4% to Rs 687 on Thursday after AFC Commercial Bank signed a deal with the company to modernize its banking operations using Intellect Digital Core (IDC).",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Isoniazid and streptomycin are vital drugs for treating tuberculosis, which are utilized as efficient anti-tuberculosis agents. This paper presents a novel visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst Ti3C2/Bi/BiOI, which was built from Ti3C2 nanosheets and Bi/BiOI microspheres. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors based on Ti3C2/Bi/BiOI were synthesized for isoniazid identification, which showed a linear concentration range of 0.1-125 mu M with a detection limit of 0.05 mu M (S/N = 3). Moreover, we designed a PEC aptasensors based on aptamer/Ti3C2/Bi/BiOI to detect streptomycin in 0.1 M PBS covering the electron donor isoniazid, because the isoniazid consumes photogenerated holes thus increasing the photocurrent effectively and preventing photogenerated electron-hole pairs from being recombined. Furthermore, PEC aptasensors based on aptamer/Ti3C2/Bi/BiOI were synthesized for streptomycin identification, which exhibited a linear concentration range of 0.01-1000 nM with a detection limit of 2.3 x 10(-3) nM (S/N = 3), and are well stable in streptomycin sensing.",
+        "output": "Photoelectrochemical sensing of isoniazid and streptomycin based on metal Bi-doped BiOI microspheres grown on book-shape layers of Ti3C2 heterostructures",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Hyderabad, Jan 16 (IANS) The Telangana government has launched the 'Invest in Telangana' campaign at the World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting at Davos, Switzerland.The 54th Annual Conference of the World Economic Forum began in Davos on Monday. The three-day conference brings together top decision-makers from government, business, and civil society to address major global issues and priorities for the year ahead.Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy said the state government's participation in WEF conference is aimed at attracting investments to the state.As part of this, he along with state minister for information technology and industries D. Sridhar Babu, is meeting representatives of leading global companies.On the first day of their visit on Monday, the delegation had discussions with prominent participants and showcased the strengths of Telangana, which has developed as a major center for the information technology and life sciences.The Chief Minister met World Economic Forum president Borge Brende, other organisers and key personalities. He explained the investment opportunities that Telangana offers. He also highlighted the priorities of the new government formed in the state.According to the Chief Minister's Office (CMO), discussions were held with the view that if governments, entrepreneurs, business and trade leadership work together, this will make people prosperous by improving their living standards and ensuring sustainable development.Later, Reddy met Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Demeke Mekonnen Hassen and discussed the initiatives taken by Telangana for industrial development.The Telangana delegation also had a meeting with National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) Debjani Ghosh. The special focus of the meeting was on skill development in the state and the programmes to be undertaken for the same. They discussed skill development, placement commitment and employment opportunities for students of engineering and degree courses.Earlier, several NRIs welcomed chief minister Reddy and Sridhar Babu at Zurich Airport. They interacted with prominent members of the Indian diaspora.The Chief Minister expressed his happiness to be part of his government's efforts towards the progress of all people through inclusive and balanced development.--IANSms/svn",
-        "output": "Telangana government launched the 'Invest in Telangana' campaign at the World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos, Switzerland, to attract investments to the state, especially in the IT and life sciences sectors. Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy met with global company representatives and discussed investment opportunities in Telangana.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To benchmark the university food environment and explore students' experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating in order to inform interventions to improve access and affordability of healthy foods for university students.DESIGN: A food environment audit was conducted on the university campus using the Uni-Food tool from April to May 2022 and was comprised of three main components, university systems and governance, campus facilities and environment, and food retail outlets. A qualitative study design was also used to conduct focus groups and semi-structured interviews with students to explore key themes regarding their experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating.SETTING: Macquarie University, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: For the food environment audit 24 retail outlets on campus and for the qualitative component 29 domestic and international students enrolled at Macquarie University.RESULTS: The university only scored 27% in total for all components in the food environment audit. The results showed the need for better governance and leadership of the food environment. The qualitative component suggested that the main barriers to accessing healthy foods were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included free fruits and vegetables, food relief, discounts, improved self-catering facilities, education, and increased healthy food outlets.CONCLUSIONS: Improving governance measures related to healthy eating on campus are a core priority to strengthen the food environment and students identified pricing and availability as key issues. These findings will inform effective and feasible interventions to improve food security and healthy eating on campus.",
+        "output": "Benchmarking the university campus food environment and exploring student perspectives about food insecurity and healthy eating: a case study from Australia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Ark Invest, the investment firm spearheaded by CEO Cathie Wood, has obtained approval from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to launch a Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF). In a bold projection, the firm anticipates that Bitcoin could achieve a valuation ranging from $600,000 to $1.5 million by the year 2030. This forecast was detailed in ARK Invest's \"Big Ideas\" report, which presented a spectrum of market scenarios for Bitcoin's future value.The report outlines three potential market conditions for Bitcoin over the next decade: a bearish scenario with a price point of $257,500, an average scenario where the price could hit $682,000, and an optimistic bullish scenario that could see the cryptocurrency soar to nearly $1.48 million per unit. The wide range of these projections reflects the inherent volatility and uncertainty in the cryptocurrency market, yet underscores ARK Invest's confidence in Bitcoin's long-term growth potential.Wood's optimism comes on the heels of the SEC's green light for spot Bitcoin ETFs, a significant development for the cryptocurrency industry. The approval is a milestone for Ark Invest, which has been known for its focus on innovative and disruptive investment strategies. Despite the setbacks and volatility that characterized the crypto sector in 2022, Ark Invest has maintained a forward-looking approach, concentrating on the transformative potential of digital assets.The factors that are anticipated to drive Bitcoin's valuation include corporate investments and various global economic challenges. These elements are expected to play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of Bitcoin and the wider cryptocurrency market.Ark Invest's ETFs, notably ARKK, have previously included substantial holdings in Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN) Global, indicating the firm's commitment to the cryptocurrency sector. The latest SEC approval and the ambitious price targets set by ARK Invest signal a steadfast belief in the future of Bitcoin and its integration into the broader financial landscape.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Ark Invest, led by Cathie Wood, has received SEC approval to launch a Bitcoin ETF, projecting Bitcoin's value to reach $600,000-$1.5 million by 2030 due to corporate investments and global economic challenges.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This essay explores how Iceland, a newly independent state on the northern European periphery, responded to the international agenda for post-war stabilisation set out by economic experts after the turmoil of the First World War. It shows that the government of the so-called Austerity Alliance, led by J & oacute;n & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson, adopted austerity policies devised at the international financial conferences in Brussels (1920) and Genoa (1922). To please external experts and creditors, it implemented a comprehensive fiscal and monetary policy of austerity and created a new central bank that was independent of politics. The aim, however, was not to divorce markets from government in a return to a pre-war era of laissez-faire as the scholarly literature suggests. Offering the first analysis of 'the Icelandic business cycle', the & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson government enforced austerity by carving out 'the economy' - a measurable entity legible to expert management - that greatly expanded the role of the state.",
+        "output": "Engineering the Economy through Austerity: The Influence of International Economic Expertise in Iceland after the First World War",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com - European stock markets fell sharply Wednesday on increased uncertainty over the likelihood of early interest rate cuts as well as disappointing Chinese growth data.\u00a0At 03:10 ET (08:10 GMT), the DAX index in Germany traded 1.2% lower, the CAC 40 in France traded down 1.4% and the FTSE 100 in the U.K. fell 1.4%.Risk appetite is on the back foot in Europe Wednesday, following the weakness on Wall Street overnight after Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller indicated interest rate cuts could come later and be implemented more slowly than markets have been positioning for.This followed on from European Central Bank policymaker Joachim Nagel saying earlier this week, at the World Economic Forum at Davos, that it was too early to talk about cuts as inflation was still too high.His point of view received a boost Wednesday after the U.K. consumer price inflation rose for the first time in 10 months in December, increasing to 4.0% on an annual basis from a more-than-two-year low 3.9% in November.Eurozone consumer inflation had earlier increased to 2.9% in December, from 2.4% the prior month, reversing six months of consecutive falls.Also weighing on sentiment Wednesday was disappointing growth data from China, the second biggest economy in the world and a major regional growth driver.Gross domestic product grew 5.2% year-on-year in the three months to the end of last year, weaker than expectations for growth of 5.3%, while GDP grew 1% quarter-on-quarter, as expected, but slowed from the prior quarter\u2019s reading of 1.3%.In the corporate sector, Renault (EPA:RENA) stock rose 1.8% despite the car manufacturer posting an increase in its annual global sales volumes, returning to growth after four consecutive years of decline.Just Eat Takeaway (AS:TKWY) stock rose 0.7% after Europe\u2019s biggest meal delivery group said it expects to report full-year adjusted core earnings above its previously announced target, after a best ever quarterly performance in Northern Europe, the UK and Ireland.GSK (LON:GSK) stock fell 0.7% after the British drugmaker said it had raised just under \u00a31 billion from a discounted stake sale in Haleon, cutting its shareholding to 4.2% in the world's largest standalone consumer healthcare firm.Oil prices retreated Wednesday following the disappointing growth data from China, the world's second-largest crude user, raising concerns about future demand increases.By 03:10 ET, the U.S. crude futures traded 1.5% lower at $71.47 a barrel, while the Brent contract dropped 1.4% to $77.25 a barrel.Additionally, the U.S. dollar hovered near a one-month high on Wednesday after comments from Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller lowered expectations for aggressive interest rate cuts. The stronger greenback reduces demand for dollar-denominated oil for buyers paying with other currencies.Additionally, gold futures fell 0.1% to $2,027.80/oz, while EUR/USD traded 0.1% higher at 1.0879.",
-        "output": "European stock markets fell sharply on Wednesday due to increased uncertainty over interest rate cuts and disappointing Chinese growth data, with the DAX, CAC 40, and FTSE 100 all down over 1%. Oil prices also retreated, with U.S. crude futures trading 1.5% lower at $71.47 a barrel.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The COVID-19 pandemic raised not only overwhelming practical challenges but also deep ethical dilemmas for educators. There have been few efforts to connect these challenges to either ethical dilemmas teachers faced in pre-pandemic times or to philosophical analyses of complex normative terrain of teachers' work. We facilitated eleven discussion groups with 101 educators from seven countries on the dilemmas they faced due to COVID-19. Analysis of these sessions reveals how the pandemic amplified, exacerbated and augmented pre-pandemic educational dilemmas in ways that recalibrated teachers' core values and beliefs, and highlights the importance of engaging teachers in ethical dialogue.",
+        "output": "Philosophical Reflections on Teachers' Ethical Dilemmas in a Global Pandemic",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "\u201cWe don't have any defined rights as trustees,\u201d said a trustee who manages dozens of AIFs. \u201cWe're seeking more rights from the market regulator so we can obtain the necessary information from AIFs to ensure proper compliance by funds.\u201dIn case of any red flag or suspected violation, trustees can report issues to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) on its portal. However, trustees said they first need to obtain information from the managers \u2014 a process that often leads to a dead end.\u201cMany managers withhold information due to confidentiality agreements,\u201d said another trustee. \u201cThey only share information after an investment is made, which is often too late. It then becomes difficult for us to dig up information even when we want to.\u201dSome trustees have expressed concern that without a clear demarcation of rights, they lack protection when it comes to circumvention or malpractices found within the AIF space and are unable to conduct due diligence based on the disclosed information.According to a Sebi official, several entities have been found circumventing norms to invest in entities and assets through AIFs where they would otherwise be prohibited due to shareholding caps or legal issues.Trustees have pointed out challenges in conducting detailed due diligence where complex family offices or trust structures are involved. Some AIFs even consist of only two or three participating entities and are formed with a specific objective.\u201cThere should be demarcation on who would be held responsible for what part \u2014 the trustee or the manager. Only a manager should be held accountable for due diligence related to investments, while trustees should be held responsible for compliance related issues. There is no demarcation right now, and if something goes wrong, trustees would definitely be made a party to the show-cause,\u201d a trustee said.According to legal experts, while the rules may be well laid down in theory, they don\u2019t always play out smoothly in practice.\u201cTrustees are the legal owners of the AIF and cannot be excluded from any legal notice or show cause. A trustee typically retains the right to seek information and copy documents. However, investment managers may withhold information due to confidentiality. There have been specific clarifications from Sebi periodically on the fiduciary duties of trustees,\u201d said Nandini Pathak of Nishith Desai Associates.If an investment manager fails to perform their duties adequately, the trustee has the power to seek information, write to the contributors or investors, or even resign.Earlier this year, Sebi directed trustees of Vistaar Capital Advisors to wind up the fund within six months due to alleged violations. The matter is now before the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT).\u201cManagers have the obligation to stick to the private placement memorandum and fund documents for decisions of the AIF as per the regulations. In case of any issue, trustees should be able to demonstrate that they made adequate efforts to seek information from the manager and ensure compliance,\u201d added Pathak.",
-        "output": "Trustees of Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) seek more rights from regulators to obtain necessary information from AIFs for proper compliance, as they currently lack protection and face challenges in conducting due diligence due to confidentiality agreements and complex structures.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Loop closure, as one of the crucial components in SLAM, plays an essential role in correcting accumulated errors. Traditional appearance-based methods, such as bag-of-words models, are often limited by local 2D features and the volume of training data, making them less versatile and robust in real-world scenarios, leading to missed detections or false positive detections in loop closure. To address these issues, we first propose a semantic loop detection method based on quadric-level object map topology, which represents scenes through the topological graph of quadric-level objects and achieves accurate loop closure at a wide field of view by comparing differences in the topological graphs. Next, to solve the data association problem between frame and map in loop closure, we propose an object data association method based on multi-level verification, which can associate 2D semantic features of the current frame with 3D object landmarks of the map. Finally, we integrate these two methods into a complete object-aware SLAM system. Qualitative experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed object-level data association algorithm. Quantitative experiments show that our semantic loop closure method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, recall, and localization accuracy metrics.",
+        "output": "SemanticTopoLoop: Semantic Loop Closure With 3D Topological Graph Based on Quadric-Level Object Map",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 17 (IANS) Google-owned YouTube said on Wednesday that the latest browser slowdown is not part of the company's ad-blocking crackdown.Recently, several users on Reddit shared that YouTube is deliberately slowing down the whole site if they have an ad blocker enabled, reports Android Central.However, the company clarified that the loading delays faced by Adblock and AdBlock Plus users are not caused by its ad blocker detection efforts.\"Recent reports of users experiencing loading delays on YouTube are unrelated to our ad blocker detection efforts. Our help centre offers troubleshooting tips for users experiencing issues,\" YouTube was quoted as saying.As per uBlock Origin developer  Raymond  (NS:RYMD) Hill, the latest updates to Adblock and Adblock Plus extensions (version 5.17) seem to be causing some performance problems.\"Those performance issues affect only the latest version of both Adblock Plus (3.22) & AdBlock (5.17), and afflict more than just YouTube,\" he posted on X.The report also noted that AdBlock has found a bug in its latest updates that appears to be causing the slowdown issue.Eyeo, the team behind AdBlock, has said that it has fixed the issue that was messing with users' YouTube experience and causing higher CPU use when browsing the web, according to the report.\"AdBlock and Adblock Plus users have recently experienced a slowdown in performance and a higher use of CPU when browsing on YouTube and other websites,\" Gertrud Kolb, Chief Technology Officer at Eyeo, was quoted as saying.\"Our engineering team fixed the problem and released ABP 3.22.1 and AB 5.17.1,\" she added.Last year, YouTube doubled down on its effort to crack down on users with ad blockers on its platform globally.An increasing number of YouTube users started seeing a warning, asking them to turn off ad blockers and watch ads or pay $14 for a YouTube Premium subscription, according to Android Authority.--IANSshs/rad",
-        "output": "YouTube has clarified that the recent browser slowdown is not related to its ad-blocking crackdown, but rather due to a bug in the latest updates to Adblock and Adblock Plus extensions. AdBlock has since released a fix for the issue.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "During the Early Holocene, northern China witnessed revolutionary changes, such as the emergence of sedentary lifestyles, the domestication of animals and plants, the spread of pottery making, and a radical restructuring of social relationships. During this period, the avifauna became an increasingly significant component of the diversified small game resources. This paper presents the results of a study of remains of pheasants, assigned to Phasianinae, recovered at the Xiaogao site in Shandong Province, northern China. The data show that the occupants of Xiaogao seasonally hunted predominantly male pheasants and systematically butchered them. They became familiar with the ecology and ethology of pheasants, and they were able to consciously and purposefully intensify the utilization of pheasants to a maximum foraging efficiency. Animal exploitation behaviors are manifestations and results of niche-construction efforts by human societies. This emphasizes humans' capacity to actively exploit wild animal and plant resources and modify the environment and ecosystem to produce stable and sustainable subsistence economies.",
+        "output": "Intensive exploitation of pheasants at the Early Holocene site of Xiaogao in Northern China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 14 (IANS) The price of Bitcoin nosedived to around $42,000, plunging almost 10 per cent, after the spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) started trading in the US.Bitcoin reached a high of $46,000 last week and surged to a two-year high of $49,000 last week, when bitcoin ETFs began trading in the US.Shares of crypto exchange Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN) tumbled 7.4 per cent after the bitcoin ETF news, reports Coindesk.Bitcoin has posted a massive 80 per cent rally since early October.\"The recent dynamics in bitcoin have not lived up to the expectations set by many bitcoin maximalists, with the asset failing to break the $50k mark, and the hype surrounding ETFs showing signs of cooling down,\u201d according to Crypto research firm Swissblock.\u201cThe critical question now is whether the market can sustain upward momentum,\u201d it said in its market report.Research firm CryptoQuant predicted last month that Bitcoin would fall to as low as $32,000 after an ETF approval.The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) last week approved a number of spot Bitcoin ETFs and with the decision, the world's largest cryptocurrency joined the global financial system.The approval of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in the US not only symbolises a maturing market but also signifies support from regulatory authorities, according to industry experts.Spot Bitcoin ETFs have the potential to develop into a $100 billion product, according to some analysts.--IANSna/dpb",
-        "output": "Bitcoin's price plunged to $42,000, a 10% drop, after the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the US, despite reaching a two-year high of $49,000 last week.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.",
+        "output": "Molecular Epidemiology of Mayaro Virus among Febrile Patients, Roraima State, Brazil, 2018-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "\u201cI don\u2019t want to sound alarmist, but it pays to be cautious,\u201d says Manoj Kumar Nambiar, managing director (MD) of Arohan Financial Services, a(MFI).MFIs are now the largest providers of micro-credit with loans outstanding of Rs 1,42,245 crore at end-May 2023; their share being 40.6 per cent of industry portfolio of Rs 3,50,322 crore (this data is based on loans originated after February 2017; June 2023 data is not yet available). While banks were dominant during Covid-19, MFIs have since taken the lead.The value of the Financial Inclusion Index (FI Index) for March",
-        "output": "MFIs have become the largest providers of micro-credit in India, with a 40.6% share of the industry portfolio, surpassing banks, due to their cautious approach and focus on micro-lending.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper argues that modal realism has a problem with mathematical impossibilities. Due to the peculiar way it treats both propositions and mathematical objects, modal realism cannot distinguish the content of different mathematically impossible beliefs. While one might be happy to identify all logically impossible beliefs, there are many different mathematically impossible beliefs, none of which is a belief in a logical contradiction. The fact that it cannot distinguish these beliefs speaks against adopting modal realism.",
+        "output": "Mathematical impossibilities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "On Holding AG (ONON) was named a top pick at UBS on Tuesday, representing its third top-pick designation in the last week. Analysts at UBS maintained a Buy rating and $51 price target on the stock, saying the bank's meetings with On management increased their conviction in the sports apparel firm. They believe On's continued focus on innovation, athletes, maintaining a premium brand image, and direct-to-consumer selling will lead to the company delivering a 43% 5-year EPS CAGR.\"Our view is this will surprise the market and drive stock outperformance,\" wrote the analysts. \"We view ONON as Softlines' best growth stock and worthy of a premium multiple. The market sees On as mainly a running shoe brand and doesn't fully appreciate the brand's potential to address a much larger market, in our view.\"UBS's latest note comes not long after Needham & Company named the stock a top pick for 2024, adding it to the Conviction List. Furthermore, Piper Sandler also named On as a top pick last week.",
-        "output": "UBS named On Holding AG (ONON) a top pick, maintaining a Buy rating and $51 price target, citing increased conviction in the company's innovation, athlete focus, premium brand image, and direct-to-consumer strategy, which they believe will drive a 43% 5-year EPS CAGR.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article builds a case for raising occupational consciousness by critically questioning ahistorical and apolitical uses of battle language, especially when referring to infectious diseases. Words such as invasion, colonization, and resistance are particularly ethically troubling, and this article considers why the social practices our language brings about matter in health care. Dynamic relationships among humans and microbes, as well as metaphor, are considered here in historical context and through the lens of Derrida's portmanteau hostipitality, which invites reconsideration of an infectious disease notion of host and how conceptions of hospitality have been institutionalized and commodified. This article argues that language used in infectious disease care settings should be informed by coexistence as a guiding value of clinical and ethical relevance.",
+        "output": "Why We Need to Change How We Talk About Infectious Disease.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Almost 400 years ago, Rubens copied Titian's The Fall of Man, albeit with important changes. Rubens altered Titian's original composition in numerous ways, including by changing the gaze directions of the depicted characters and adding a striking red parrot to the painting. Here, we quantify the impact of Rubens's choices on the viewer's gaze behavior. We displayed digital copies of Rubens's and Titian's artworks-as well as a version of Rubens's painting with the parrot digitally removed-on a computer screen while recording the eye movements produced by observers during free visual exploration of each image. To assess the effects of Rubens's changes to Titian's composition, we directly compared multiple gaze parameters across the different images. We found that participants gazed at Eve's face more frequently in Rubens's painting than in Titian's. In addition, gaze positions were more tightly focused for the former than for the latter, consistent with different allocations of viewer interest. We also investigated how gaze fixation on Eve's face affected the perceptual visibility of the parrot in Rubens's composition and how the parrot's presence versus its absence impacted gaze dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Rubens's critical deviations from Titian's painting have powerful effects on viewers' oculomotor behavior.",
-        "output": "Why did Rubens add a parrot to Titian's The Fall of Man? A pictorial manipulation of joint attention.",
+        "input": "Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern urological surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery: External shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral resection of prostate, cystoscope, perioperative prostate-specific antigen and robotic surgery. The selection of innovations for inclusion in this article was meticulously determined through expert consensus and an extensive literature review. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of urological surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice.",
+        "output": "Five historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chewy (NYSE:CHWY) was lifted to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays on Thursday, with a new price target of $30 per share, up from $19. Analysts said \"the dog days are over\" for the company, with the new price target suggesting a potential 40% upside. Barclays also believes CHWY's growth inflects in F2H24. Furthermore, Barclays highlighted the name as one with the potential for outsized returns within the challenged e-commerce sub-sector in 2024, with its valuation looking attractive.\"We anticipate revenue growth will trough in F1H24 and reaccelerate in the back half as customer growth stabilizes and Canada begins to ramp,\" analysts mentioned. \"We see upside to consensus over the next few years as high-margin advertising (recognized as a contra-COGS) builds both on and off-site, while areas such as vet clinics and insurance could drive further positive revisions longer term as those businesses scale,\" they added.\"Net net, with shares hovering around the 2019 IPO price, we see this as a good entry point, particularly as we see CHWY as largely insulated against competition from Temu,\" they concluded.",
-        "output": "Barclays upgraded Chewy (CHWY) to Overweight, raising its price target to $30, citing an expected growth inflection in the second half of 2024 and attractive valuation. The analysts believe CHWY's revenue growth will trough in the first half of 2024 and reaccelerate in the second half as customer growth stabilizes and Canada ramps up.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In mammals, beta-catenin participates in innate immune process through interaction with NF-kappaB signaling pathway. However, its role in teleost immune processes remains largely unknown. We aimed to clarify the function of beta-catenin in the natural defense mechanism of Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus). beta-catenin exhibited a ubiquitous expression pattern in adult fish, as indicated by real-time PCR analysis. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI: C) and Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) challenges, beta-catenin increased in gill, intestine, liver and kidney, indicating that beta-catenin likely plays a pivotal role in the immune response against pathogen infiltration. Inhibition of the beta-catenin pathway using FH535, an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, resulting in pathological damage of the gill, intestine, liver and kidney, significant decrease of innate immune factors (C3, defb3, LYZ-C, INF-gamma), upregulation of inflammatory factors (NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8), and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Following A. hydrophila invasion, the mortality rate in the FH535 treatment group exceeded that of the control group. In addition, the diversity of intestinal microflora decreased and the community structure was uneven after FH535 treatment. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that beta-catenin plays a vital role in combating pathogen invasion and regulating intestinal flora in Qi river crucian carp.",
+        "output": "Roles of beta-catenin in innate immune process and regulating intestinal flora in Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "VANCOUVER, BC - Pan Global Resources Inc. (TSXV: PGZ) (OTCQX: PGZFF) (FSE: 2EU) has announced promising results from the first drill hole of an 11-hole step-out program at the Ca\u00f1ada   Honda   (NYSE:HMC) copper-gold (Cu-Au) discovery within the company's Escacena Project in southern Spain. The drill program, which commenced in November 2023, aims to extend the known mineralization discovered the previous year. The results from two additional drill holes are pending.The initial drill hole, CHD08, has yielded significant intercepts, including 6.8 meters at 1.48% copper, 0.65 grams per tonne (g/t) gold, and 7.2 g/t silver. Another section of the hole showed 8 meters at 0.12% copper and 2.63 g/t gold. The drilling has confirmed that the copper and gold mineralization aligns with downhole electromagnetic (DHEM) targets and is open for expansion.Tim Moody, President and CEO of Pan Global, expressed optimism about the potential to grow the mineralization at Ca\u00f1ada Honda, noting the high-grade intercepts as an encouraging start to the follow-up drill program. The company has identified a significant gravity anomaly over a 2km x 0.5km area, suggesting further exploration could substantially enlarge the mineralization zone.The Escacena Project, wholly owned by Pan Global, spans 5,760 hectares in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, known for its mining history and proximity to currently operating mines. The project hosts the La Romana copper-tin-silver discovery and several other targets with potential for mineralization.Pan Global, focused on copper-rich deposits, considers the Escacena Project strategically important given the metal's role in global electrification and the energy transition. The European Commission has recognized copper as a Strategic Raw Material, and the region offers a favorable environment for mining investments, with good infrastructure and a supportive professional community.Further details on the drilling results will be discussed in a webcast hosted by CEO Tim Moody on Friday, January 12, 2024. The webcast will include a presentation and a Q&A session, with investors encouraged to submit questions in advance.This news is based on a press release statement from Pan Global Resources Inc. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Pan Global Resources Inc. has announced promising results from the first drill hole of an 11-hole step-out program at the Ca\u00f1ada Honda copper-gold discovery within the company's Escacena Project in southern Spain. The drill program, which commenced in November 2023, aims to extend the known mineralization discovered the previous year. The initial drill hole, CHD08, has yielded significant intercepts, including 6.8 meters at 1.48% copper, 0.65 grams per tonne (g/t) gold, and 7.2 g/t silver.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The bivalve mollusk Iphigenia brasiliensis, locally known as tarioba, is an important fishing resource exploited along the coast of Maranha similar to o. Despite its socioeconomic relevance to numerous shellfish communities on the Amazon coast, little information is available on this species. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic profiles and traditional local knowledge of I. brasiliensis fishermen working on Maranha similar to o Island. For this purpose, 106 guided interviews were conducted with workers selected using the snowball method in the four municipalities of the region: Sa similar to o Luis, Raposa, Paco do Lumiar, and Sa similar to o Jose ' de Ribamar. The results showed that shellfish gatherers are predominantly young men with reasonable education and low income who start practicing the activity early, are influenced by family and friends, and have traditional knowledge verticalized between generations. In the region, three methods of capturing mollusks were identified: diving, using hands and feet, and with the support of a stick, with subsistence being the main demand for the activity. Dozens of mollusks are marketed in natura, with prices varying between municipalities, and processing is conducted only by the final consumer.",
+        "output": "Traditional knowledge and socioeconomic aspects of small-scale bivalve fishing on the Amazon coast: A case study of Iphigenia brasiliensis on the Island of Maranhao",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Capital markets regulator Sebi has tweaked its framework regarding 'fit and proper' criteria for stock exchanges and other market infrastructure institutions, whereby any direction passed against such institutions will not affect their operations.The new rules are aimed at separating the role of an individual from such institutions.In two separate notifications, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) said that 'fit and proper person' criteria will apply to the applicant, stock exchange, clearing corporation, depository, their shareholders, directors and key management personnel at all times.Further, such Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) will have to ensure that all its shareholders, directors and key management personnel are fit and proper persons at all times.If any director or key management personnel of a MII is not deemed to be fit and proper, such entities will have to replace such a person within 30 days from the date of such disqualification, failing which the fit and proper person criteria may be invoked against the MII, as per the notifications issued on August 22.Further, any disqualification of a MII will not have any bearing on the fit and proper status of the directors or key management personnel unless the directors or key management personnel are also found to incur the same disqualification in the said matter.\"Any order passed by the board against a recognised stock exchange or recognised clearing corporation shall not affect the operation of such recognised stock exchange or recognised clearing corporation unless expressly mentioned in the order,\" Sebi said.An applicant has to meet certain criteria to be fit and proper. Those requirements include financial integrity, good reputation, honesty; no conviction in any court for any offence, or any other order like that of restraining by Sebi.The regulator has amended Securities Contracts rules as well as depositories participants rules.In November 2021, Sebi altered the criteria to determine 'fit and proper person'. It was principle-based and/or rule-based.The principle-based criteria include integrity, honesty, ethical behaviour, reputation, fairness, and character, according to the notification. Further, the rule-based norms determine the 'fit and proper' status of the person based on the disqualifications stated by Sebi.",
-        "output": "Sebi has revised its 'fit and proper' criteria for stock exchanges and other market infrastructure institutions, separating the role of individuals from such institutions and ensuring that any disqualification of an individual will not affect the operations of the institution unless expressly mentioned in the order. The new rules aim to ensure that all shareholders, directors, and key management personnel of these institutions are fit and proper persons at all times.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Since the inception of the density functional theory (DFT) by Hohenberg and Kohn in 1964, it rapidly became an indispensable theoretical tool across various disciplines, such as chemistry, biology, and materials science, among others. This theory has ushered in a new era of computational research, paving the way for substantial advancements in fundamental understanding. Today, DFT is routinely employed for a diverse range of applications, such as probing new material properties and providing a profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even after decades of active utilization, the improvement of DFT principles has never been slowed down, meaning that more accurate theoretical results are continuously generated with time. This work highlights the latest achievements acquired by DFT in the specific research field, namely the theoretical investigations of doped TiO2 systems, which have not been comprehensively reviewed and summarized yet. Successful progress in this niche is currently hard to imagine without the support by DFT. It can accurately reveal new TiO2 properties after introducing the desired dopant and help to find the optimal system design for a specific application prior to proceeding to more time-consuming and expensive experimental research. Hence, by evaluating a selection of the most recent research studies, we aim to highlight the pertinent aspects of DFT as they relate to the study of doped TiO2 systems. We also aim to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of DFT and present the primary strategies employed thus far to predict the properties of various doped TiO2 systems reliably.",
+        "output": "Density functional theory for doped TiO2: current research strategies and advancements",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The growing popularity of GIS technology in Ethiopia has encouraged multiple scholars to investigate landslide hazards using quantitative approaches, despite its limitations. The present review examined the approach used in the evaluation of landslide hazards by five prior studies that shared catchments. The review results reveal that the controlling factors assumed by the five researchers were inconsistent and resulted in highly divergent frequency ratio (FR) values, even for the same factors. This implies that the contribution of a single instability factor can be inferred sufficiently for landslide hazard assessment and mapping; otherwise, the results are highly subjective and disputable. Since the soil type in the region was alluvial-colluvial in the five studies, and a majority of the failures occurred shortly after rainfall, rainfall data and basic soil properties (classification and shear strength) should not be overlooked. In addition to the nonstandard use of morphometric parameters, the inherent limits of GIS methodologies, the omission of hydrogeotechnical properties, and the observed subjective outcomes make the GIS-based approach imprecise, error-prone, and doubtful. The total effect will result in ineffective early warning systems and unworthy mitigation measures, resulting in significant life costs and damage. As a result, it is recommended that GIS technology should be coupled with software (TRIGRS, Scoops3D, SINMAP, OpenLISEM, GLM, and SLIP) that considers hydrogeotechnical properties to provide more reliable conclusions. In addition to using instability factors consistently, regional statistical correlations of all morphometric parameters can be developed, allowing for less complex and realistic empirical models to be used.",
-        "output": "A comprehensive review and potential guidance on the reliability of landslide evaluation approaches in Central, Northern, and Northwestern Highlands, Ethiopia",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Educational duration might play a vital role in preventing the occurrence and development of osteoporosis(OP).PURPOSE: To assess the causal effect of educational duration on bone mineral density(BMD) and risk factors for OP by Mendelian randomization(MR) study.METHODS: The causal relationship was analyzed using data from genome-wide association study(GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. Horizontal pleiotropy was identified by MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. The leave-one-out method was used as a sensitivity analysis.RESULTS: The IVW results indicated that there was a positive causal relationship between educational duration and BMD (OR=1.012, 95%CI:1.003-1.022), physical activity(PA) (OR=1.156, 95%CI:1.032-1.295), calcium consumption (OR=1.004, 95%CI:1.002-1.005), and coffee intake (OR=1.019, 95%CI:1.014-1.024). There was a negative association between whole body fat mass (OR=0.950, 95%CI:0.939-0.961), time for vigorous PA (OR=0.955, 95%CI:0.939-0.972), sunbath (OR=0.987, 95%CI:0.986-0.989), salt consumption (OR=0.965, 95%CI:0.959-0.971), fizzy drink intake (OR=0.985, 95%CI:0.978-0.992), smoking (OR=0.969, 95%CI:0.964-0.975), and falling risk (OR=0.976, 95%CI:0.965-0.987). There was no significant association between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol intake. Horizontal pleiotropy was absent in this study. The results were robust under sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION: A longer educational duration was causally linked with increased BMD. No causal relationship had been found between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for osteoporosis.",
+        "output": "Causal roles of educational duration in bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "FRANKFURT - The European Central Bank (ECB) is reassessing its approach to interest rate policy, signaling a potential shift away from the previously planned aggressive rate cuts for 2024. This reconsideration comes in light of recent economic trends that have been more optimistic than expected.ECB officials, including President Christine Lagarde and Chief Economist Philip Lane, have highlighted the necessity of waiting for more comprehensive economic data before making any decisions on rate normalization. The bank is closely monitoring upcoming wage statistics from Eurostat, focusing on the service sector's inflation and the growth of wages, which are currently surpassing equilibrium levels.The ECB's cautious stance is driven by concerns that premature interest rate reductions could lead to a resurgence of inflation. As a result, the central bank is taking a measured approach to ensure that any changes in policy align with the evolving economic landscape.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The European Central Bank (ECB) is reconsidering its aggressive rate cut plans for 2024 due to better-than-expected economic trends, including higher-than-expected wage growth and inflation in the service sector. The ECB is waiting for more comprehensive economic data before making any decisions on rate normalization.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has recently been considered one of archaeology's most preferred analytical techniques because of its simplicity; it does not need sample preparation, is fast, is a quasi-nondestructive analytical technique, and is cost-effective. Besides, LIBS can perform stratigraphic measurements, which are of significant interest in cultural heritage samples. Such pros facilitate utilizing LIBS in situ, e.g., in museums and excavation sites. In the present work, LIBS has been used to analyze black resin remains and gold fragments used in mummification and collected from the Ptahemwia tomb in the vicinity of Djoser's Step Pyramid at Sakkara. The IR (1064 nm) and the UV (355 nm) laser wavelengths have been used in the LIBS measurements. The results revealed both samples' emission line intensity dependence on the laser wavelength. In this regard, elements such as Na, Ca, Mo, and CN (molecular band) for black resin and Au, Ag, and Cu for gold samples were detected as significant elements. It has been found that the detection sensitivity achieved by the LIBS technique was higher when using the UV laser. This is crucial in detecting rare earth elements REE (Y, La) and/or minor elements (Nb, Zr) in the samples under study. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis has been used to validate the LIBS results for the same samples. In agreement with what is reported in the literature, the LIBS and the EDX spectroscopic results showed that the black resin investigated in the present study is bitumen in its composition. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "LIBS utilization for the elemental analysis of black resin and gold used by ancient Egyptians in embalming",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Leading stock exchanges NSE and BSE on Monday kicked off World Investor Week 2023 to boost investor knowledge and promote responsible investing.World Investor Week 2023 (WIW) -- an initiative led by the Securities Exchange Board of India (Sebi) and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) -- is being celebrated from October 9 to October 15, the exchanges said in separate statements.The initiative is a global campaign that promotes investor education and protection. It provides an opportunity for stock exchanges, regulators, and other financial institutions to engage with investors, raise awareness about the importance of investor education, and highlight the various opportunities available in the financial markets.As part of this initiative, the bourses rang the closing bell on Monday to mark the beginning of World Investor Week 2023.\"World Investor Week is an important occasion for us to reaffirm our dedication to investor protection and education,\" NSE MD and CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan said.Ananth Narayan G, Whole Time Member, Sebi said a well-informed investor is a well-protected investor. Such an investor would not fall prey to unsolicited investment offers, stock tips, or market rumours.\"Instead, he/she would invest based on his/ her research, well cognizant of the risk and return of each investment, and his/ her overall portfolio,\" he added.As part of the celebrations, BSE said it is organising a range of activities across digital, visual, and physical mediums to reach a wider base of investors.Also, BSE said, it is extending its outreach to tier II and tier III cities in Rajasthan by conducting Katputli (puppetry) and folk-dance performances, which carry essential investment messages.Simultaneously, BSE, in collaboration with the RP Krisha Foundation, is organising a Human Chain event that involves the participation of 11th and 12th-grade students.NSE said that this year's event will include informative sessions in regional languages for various sections of existing and prospective investors, panel discussions, engaging financial quizzes, podcast series by experts, nukkad natak, providing investors with insights into various investment opportunities, safe and responsible investing habits, dos and don'ts to be observed during investing, etc.",
-        "output": "World Investor Week 2023, led by Sebi and IOSCO, is being celebrated from October 9 to 15 to promote investor education and protection. NSE and BSE are organizing various activities, including regional language sessions, panel discussions, and outreach programs in tier II and tier III cities, to engage with investors and raise awareness about responsible investing.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "As one of the most literary and transdisciplinary cultural practices, speculative design has become one of the best mediums for discussing emerging technologies, the Anthropocene and the ecological crisis. When design history is merely perceived as established knowledge about the past and fails to engage in dialogue with reality or individual interaction, it often struggles to inspire students' agency in learning and willingness to deep involvement in research. Alternative design history, however, serves as a type and method of historiography that actively constructs history and alternatively imagines the past. It aims to situate historical knowledge as the context for design problem exploration rather than an end goal of education. This approach guides educators and learners to co-speculate on historical design knowledge. By 'reversing' specific elements of historical experience, such as gender mentioned in this article, and employing alternative imagination to form what-if scenarios and pose inquiries about existing historical facts, a distinct form of 'counterfactual history' emerges that diverges notably from traditional design history. Throughout speculation within 'counterfactual history', students can distinguish between historical facts and realities, which enables students to comprehend the construction of historical knowledge, the individuality of historical narratives, and the standpoint of historical discourse. In this way, it helps students cultivate a historical interest that 'starts from the self', guiding them to foster resilient historical thinking and a critical awareness of reality.",
+        "output": "What if Walter Gropius were a Woman: Alternative Design History Teaching Experiment",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Reports on long-term outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for patients aged<60years are scarce in Japan. Hence, we aimed to evaluate these outcomes in patients aged<60years.METHODS: Between March 2000 and December 2020, 1477 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. In total, 170 patients aged<60years who underwent aortic valve replacement were recruited. Patients aged<18years were excluded. Patient data collected from the operative records and follow-up assessments were reviewed.RESULTS: The mean age was 49\u00b19years, and 64.1% of patients were male. One-hundred-and-fifty-two patients (89.4%) underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve and 18 (10.6%) with a bioprosthetic valve. The mean follow-up period was 8.1\u00b15.5years. No operative mortality occurred, and in-hospital mortality occurred in one patient (0.6%). Ten late deaths occurred, with seven cardiac-related deaths. The overall survival rate was 95.4\u00b11.7%, 93.9\u00b12.3%, 90.6\u00b13.9%, and 73.2\u00b111.8% at 5, 10, 15, and 20years, respectively. Freedom from major bleeding was 96.4\u00b11.6% at 5, 10, and 15years, and 89.0\u00b17.3% at 20years. Freedom from thromboembolic events was 98.7\u00b11.3%, 97.3\u00b11.9%, 90.5\u00b14.5%, and 79.0\u00b111.3% at 5, 10, 15, and 20years, respectively. Freedom from valve-related reoperation was 99.4\u00b10.6% at 5years, 97.8\u00b11.7% at 10 and 15years, and 63.9\u00b114.5% at 20years.CONCLUSIONS: Patients aged<60years undergoing aortic valve replacement with a high mechanical valve implantation rate had favorable long-term outcomes.",
-        "output": "Twenty-year experience following aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 60years of age.",
+        "input": "In Entities and Indices, M. J. Cresswell argued that a first-order modal language can reach the expressive power of natural-language modal discourse only if we give to the formal language a semantics with indices containing infinite possible worlds and we add to it an infinite collection of operators actually n \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\varvec{actually}}}_n$$\\end{document} and R e f n \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ Ref _n$$\\end{document} which store and retrieve worlds. In the fourth chapter of the book, Cresswell gave a proof that the resulting intensional language, which he called L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , is as expressive as an extensional variant of it, called L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} , which has full quantification over worlds. In both linguistics and philosophy, Cresswell's book has been viewed as offering a compelling argument for preferring extensional systems in the study of natural language. In this paper, after providing a model-theoretic definition of the relation being as expressive as that can be applied to Cresswell's languages L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} and L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , we show that the intensional language L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} is not as expressive as the extensional language L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} . This result, we claim, undermines Cresswell's argument to the effect that English modal discourse has the power of explicit quantification over worlds.Additionally, we show that L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} does become as expressive as L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} when we add Cresswell's operator of universal modality square \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\square $$\\end{document} to L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , which provides an extra amount of expressive power. Recently, I. Yanovich has advocated a view that is similar to ours in important respects. At the end of the paper we offer a short discussion of his formalism.",
+        "output": "Expressive Power and Intensional Operators",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The extensive use of antidiabetic drugs (ADDs) and their detection in high concentrations in the environment have been extensively documented. However, the mechanism of ADDs dissipation in aquatic environments is still not well understood. This study thoroughly investigates the dissipation behavior of ADDs and the underlying mechanisms in the aerobic activated sludge system. The results indicate that the removal efficiencies of ADDs range from 3.98% to 100% within 48h, largely due to the biodegradation process. Additionally, the gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is shown to be significantly upregulated in most ADDs-polluted samples (P<0.05), indicating the vital role of CYP450 enzymes in the biodegradation of ADDs. Enzyme inhibition experiments validated this hypothesis. Moreover, molecular docking and simulation results indicate that a strong correlation between the biodegradation of ADDs and the interactions between ADDs and CYP450 (Ebinding). The differences in dissipation behavior among the tested ADDs are possibly due to their electrophilic characteristics. Overall, this study makes the initial contribution to a more profound comprehension of the crucial function of CYP450 enzymes in the dissipation behavior of ADDs in a typical aquatic environment.",
-        "output": "Vital role of CYP450 in the biodegradation of antidiabetic drugs in the aerobic activated sludge system and the mechanisms.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phases of a new admission interaction between collaborating pediatric residents and fellows; to explore trainee perspectives on motivating and demotivating qualities of that interaction; and to identify behaviors that lead to an optimal new admission interaction.METHODS: The authors used modified grounded theory with experiential learning theory and self-determination theory as sensitizing concepts to conduct 6 focus groups and journey mapping at Stanford Children's Health from January to March 2021. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two authors independently coded the transcripts and developed categories and themes using constant comparison, while a third author reviewed these findings. The qualitative data were triangulated with surveys and journey mapping dataand conceptualized into a model of trainee motivation during the new admission interaction. They outlined an optimal new admission interaction using behaviors consistently described by participants as motivating.RESULTS: Developing inter-trainee trust and educational buy-in is essential for both residents and fellows to feel intrinsically motivated and engaged during a new admission. Residents need to feel autonomous, competent, and related to the team in order to develop trust and buy-in. Fellows require assurance of patient safety to develop trustand a sense of self-efficacy in fostering resident growth to develop buy-in. Lack of trust or buy-in from either party leads to a cycle of trainee disengagement.CONCLUSIONS: Trainee motivation and engagement with patient care can be impacted by discreet, modifiable behavior by their fellow or resident counterpart, which may help improve the quality of care delivered.",
+        "output": "We've Got a New One-Exploring the Resident-Fellow New Admission Interaction and Opportunities for Enhancing Motivation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is effective for treating common cutaneous malignancies, but complex repairs may often present challenges for reconstruction. This paper explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in MMS, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. 3D printing technologies show promise in advancing skin regeneration and refining surgical techniques in dermatologic surgery. A PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: Three-dimensional bioprinting OR 3-D printing AND Mohs OR Mohs surgery OR Surgery. Peer-reviewed English articles discussing medical applications of 3D bioprinting were included, while non-peer-reviewed and non-English articles were excluded. Patients using 3D MMS models had lower anxiety scores (3.00 to 1.7, p<0.0001) and higher knowledge assessment scores (5.59 or 93.25% correct responses), indicating better understanding of their procedure. Surgical residents using 3D models demonstrated improved proficiency in flap reconstructions (p=0.002) and knowledge assessment (p=0.001). Additionally, 3D printing offers personalized patient care through tailored surgical guides and anatomical models, reducing intraoperative time while enhancing surgical. Concurrently, efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are being explored as potential alternatives to address organ donor shortages, eliminating autografting needs. However, challenges like limited training and technological constraints persist. Integrating optical coherence tomography with 3D bioprinting may expedite grafting, but challenges remain in pre-printing grafts for complex cases. Regulatory and ethical considerations are paramount for patient safety, and further research is needed to understand long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. While promising, significant advancements are necessary for full utilization in MMS.",
-        "output": "3D bioprinting: a review and potential applications for Mohs micrographic surgery.",
+        "input": "Over the last decade, there has been an increase in civil compensation claims for sexual violence in the United Kingdom (UK). Given that trauma-informed approaches have been called for in relation to legal responses to sexual violence, we put forward seven key principles of trauma-informed lawyering in this context and draw on interviews with UK-based civil lawyers who represented sexual violence survivors to explore the extent to which trauma-informed work is taking place. While we found that our sample of lawyers typically had a very good knowledge of sexual violence and the trauma that it can cause, there was less certainty about how to accommodate the impacts in practice. Moreover, there was a tendency to prioritize individual healing and medicalize a form of social injustice. We conclude by emphasizing the need for legal training and education on a trauma-informed approach that accounts for the social and political dimensions of sexual violence and trauma.",
+        "output": "Trauma-informed lawyering in the context of civil claims for sexual violence",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) Days after reducing fuel charges, the IndiGo (NS:INGL) has increased charges for passengers seeking extra legroom in the front row of its aircraft. According to the airline's website, passengers opting for window or aisle seats in the front row of an A321 aircraft, which typically accommodates 222 seats, will now incur a fee of Rs 2,000.A slightly reduced charge of Rs 1,500 is applied for the aisle seat in the same row. Meanwhile, all seat types in the second and third rows have a flat rate of \u20b9400.IndiGo emphasises that passengers not interested in purchasing a preferred seat can choose any available free seat or be assigned one at no additional cost during airport check-in.These revised charges apply uniformly to A321 planes with 232 seats and A320 aircraft with 180 seats, as indicated on the airline's official website.A response from IndiGo is awaited.--IANSssh/uk",
-        "output": "IndiGo has increased charges for extra legroom seats in the front row of its aircraft, with window or aisle seats in the front row of an A321 aircraft now costing Rs 2,000. Passengers not interested in purchasing a preferred seat can choose any available free seat or be assigned one at no additional cost during airport check-in.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: Rehabilitation nurses possess knowledge and skills that are ideally suited to a variety of roles. This article informs rehabilitation nurses about opportunities to work in private case management for medical-legal cases. A brief overview of the process of litigation gives nurses the context in which case management interventions are needed. Case examples illustrate the services that nurses provide to attorneys and their clients that help obtain needed care and aid in progressing litigation to resolution.",
+        "output": "Case Management Consultant to Attorneys in Litigated Cases.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PurposeCo-creation, characterised by artists and patients creating a joint work of art, may support patients with the integration of life events, such as living with cancer, into their life story. In the process of co-creation, resonance relationships between patients, artists and material may evolve that support such integration. Using the framework of resonance theory, we aim to investigate if and how patients move through the three phases of resonance during a process of co-creation and explore the role of uncontrollability in this process.MethodsTen patients who received cancer treatment with palliative intent completed co-creation processes, which were audio recorded. These recordings were imported in Atlas-Ti and analysed by applying content analysis. We searched for the three phases of resonance, Being affected, touched and moved; Self-efficacy and responding; Adaptive transformation. We additionally searched for signs of uncontrollability.ResultsPatients used 4-8 sessions (median 5 sessions) with a duration 90-240 min per session (median duration 120 min). We found that patients move through the three phases of resonance during co-creation processes. Uncontrollability both presents a challenge and an invitation to integrate experiences of contingency into one's life narrative. Patients express self-recognition and the experience of contingency in their work of art.ConclusionsIntegration of experiences of contingency into a life narrative can be supported by the process of co-creation of art, which invites patients to relate to their illness, their environment and themselves. The phases of resonance in combination with uncontrollability as a continuously present factor, provide a means to both study and support the integration of experiences of contingency into the life narrative.In the process of co-creation, resonance relationships between patients, artists and material may evolve that support integration of experiences of contingency. In the current study we aim to investigate, if and how, palliative cancer patients move through the three phases of resonance during a process of co-creation and explore the role of uncontrollability in this process.image",
-        "output": "Exploring resonance theory and uncontrollability during co-creative art making: A qualitative study among cancer patients",
+        "input": "This paper analyses the formation of high Sr2+ concentration in strong alkaline (pH=9.5-12.5) groundwater using data of the 27 years of observations around the destroyed Chernobyl NPP Unit 4. It appears that the formation of strong alkaline groundwater in different monitoring wells is consistent with the distribution of 90Sr, pH and main ions. The reason for the increase in 90Sr concentrations is the process of its migration from the sources of contamination - leaks of highly active water localized in certain premises inside the Shelterobject. These computational experiments showed that for the groundwater in pH range 9.5-12.4, the concentration of strontium in the form of SrOH+increases and in the form of Sr2+ - decreases. In addition, the fraction of 90Sr in the form of a soluble neutral complex compound SrCO30, which is not sorbed, reaches 14-35%. Increased fractions of 90Sr in forms of SrOH+ and SrCO3 are factors which reduce the isotope ability to be sorbed by soils and therefore increase its migration ability. In strongly alkaline groundwater a sharp increase in 90Sr volumetric activity may also be caused by ionic strength (IS) increase above 5mmol/L. Thus, the factors that influence the increase in 90Sr volumetric activity in strongly alkaline groundwater are the formation of its complex compounds and an increase in ionic strength (IS), which reduces the thickness of the double electric layer and, as a result, reduces the sorption capacity of soils.",
+        "output": "Factors influencing the increased 90Sr radioisotope migration in highly alkaline groundwater at Chornobyl NPP site.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: To undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis of restorative treatments for a first permanent molar with severe molar incisor hypomineralization from the perspective of the Brazilian public system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two models were constructed: a one-year decision tree and a ten-year Markov model, each based on a hypothetical cohort of one thousand individuals through Monte Carlo simulation. Eight restorative strategies were evaluated: high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC);encapsulated GIC; etch and rinse adhesive+composite; self-etch adhesive+composite;preformed stainless steel crown; HVGIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite; HVGIC+self-etch adhesive+composite, and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite. Effectiveness data were sourced from the literature. Micro-costing was applied using 2022 USD market averages with a 5% variation. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), net monetary benefit (%NMB), and the budgetary impact were obtained.RESULTS: Cost-effective treatments included HVGIC (%NMB=0%/0%), encapsulated GIC (%NMB=19.4%/ 19.7%), and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite (%NMB=23.4%/ 24.5%) at 1year and 10years, respectively. The benefit gain of encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite in relation to encapsulated GIC was small when compared to the cost increase at 1year (gain of 3.28% and increase of USD 24.26) and 10years (gain of 4% and increase of USD 15.54).CONCLUSION: Within the horizon and perspective analyzed, the most cost-effective treatment was encapsulated GIC restoration.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study can provide information for decision-making.",
-        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of restorative treatments for permanent molars with severe molar incisor hypomineralization: perspectives for the Brazilian public health system.",
+        "input": "Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied.",
+        "output": "Guidelines for conscientious objection in Spain: a proposal involving prerequisites and protocolized procedure",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Penalties by Mint Road may need a relook; not a month goes by without some regulated entity (RE) or the other getting rapped. The \u2018Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India (FY22)\u2019 by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has it that the major reasons for the imposition of penalties on REs were \u00adnon-compliance with the guidelines on exposure and IRAC (income recognition and asset classification), fraud reporting, and cybersecurity. During this period, there were 189 instances of penalties being imposed involving Rs 65.32 crore, more than double the 61 and Rs 31.36 crore in FY21. The average",
-        "output": "In FY22, the RBI imposed penalties on 189 regulated entities, totaling Rs 65.32 crore, due to non-compliance with guidelines on exposure, income recognition, asset classification, fraud reporting, and cybersecurity.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Incomprehension of and resistance to contemporaneous art have been constant features in the development of modern art. The predictive coding framework can be used to analyse this response by outlining the difference between the misunderstanding of (i) contemporary conceptual/minimalist art and (ii) early modern avant-garde art and by elucidating their underlying cognitive mechanisms. In both of these cases, incomprehension and its behavioural consequences are tied to the failure of the optimal prediction error (PE) minimization that is involved in the perception of such art works. In the case of contemporary conceptual/minimalist art the failure stems from the fact that the encounter results in non-salient visual sensations and generates no PE. In early modern avant-garde art, the occasional inability of viewers to recognize pictorial content using new pictorial conventions reflected the absence of suitable priors to explain away ambiguous sensory data. The capacity to recognize pictorial content in modernist painting, as a prerequisite for a satisfying encounter with such works and ultimately a wider acceptance of new artistic styles, required an updating of a number of expectations in order to optimize the fit between priors and sensations, from low-level perceptual priors to the development of higher-level, culturally determined expectations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.",
+        "output": "A hole in a piece of cardboard and predictive brain: the incomprehension of modern art in the light of the predictive coding paradigm",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Benchmark equity indices are likely to resume trade after the extended holiday break on a quiet note, as global cues remain tepid.At 07:00 AM, Gift Nifty futures quoted at 21,410, indicating a flat to marginally positive start for the Nifty 50.Meanwhile, here are the stocks that are likely to be in focus on Tuesday.These two stocks will debut on the bourses today. The former was subscribed up to 11.5 times, while the latter 15.7 times.Changes in its business due to shifts in regulatory stance and the adoption of artificial intelligence have been responsible for the fintech major to rationalize its employee cost structure. Sources toldthe company was exploring different ways to save on its employee costs and had laid off a few employees on \u201cperformance\u201d grounds.Incorporates a wholly-owned step-down subsidiary - Kalyan Jewellers Procurement LLC - in UAE.Inks Letter of Intent worth Rs 507 crore with one of the leading Japanese Multi National Chemical company to supply new age polymer intermediate for the next 9 years.Has inked a power purchase agreement (PPA) to supply 1,799 megawatts (Mw) of solar power with the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). With this,now has tied up PPAs of 19.8 Gw.The company\u2019s wholly-owned overseas armVidesh plans to raise up to Rs 5,000 crore through non-convertible debentures (NCDs) for funding capex, refinancing and operations.The company in an exchange filing said the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) completed a Pre-Approval Inspection (PAI) at its new injectable facility in East Windsor, New Jersey. The inspection resulted in 10 observations, which are procedural in nature.Promoters will offload 1.24 per cent stake to comply with Sebi\u2019s minimum public shareholding norms. The divestment is to be done by January 31, 2024.The pharma company\u2019s arm Biocon Biologics has partnered with Sandoz for the distribution, sale, and promotion of Adalimumab (a biosimilar version of the blockbuster drug Humira) in Japan.Lupin Atlantis Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lupin, has signed an Asset Purchase Agreement with French-based Sanofi for acquisition of a portfolio of accretive established products in Europe and Canada. The brands AARANE in Germany and NALCROM in Canada and the Netherlands have a combined turnover of approximately $6.494 million (Rs 53.7 crore) for FY23.Ashok Leyland, Balrampur Chini, Delta Corp, Hindustan Copper, India Cements, National Aluminium and SAIL are in futures & options ban period on Tuesday.",
-        "output": "Benchmark indices are expected to open flat on Tuesday, with Nifty futures indicating a marginally positive start. Two stocks, Kalyan Jewellers and Five Star Business Finance, will debut on the bourses today.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The mortality risk attributable to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely characterized and has historically been underestimated. We aim to evaluate the association between moderate AS and all-cause death, comparing it with no/mild AS (in a general referral population and in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction).METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review and pooled meta-analysis of Kaplan-Meier-derived reconstructed time-to-event data of studies published by June 2023 was conducted to evaluate survival outcomes among patients with moderate AS in comparison with individuals with no/mild AS. Ten studies were included, encompassing a total of 409680 patients (11527 with moderate AS and 398153 with no/mild AS). In the overall population, the 15-year overall survival rate was 23.3% (95% CI, 19.1%-28.3%) in patients with moderate AS and 58.9% (95% CI, 58.1%-59.7%) in patients with no/mild aortic stenosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55 [95% CI, 2.46-2.64]; P<0.001). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the 10-year overall survival rate was 15.5% (95% CI, 10.0%-24.0%) in patients with moderate AS and 37.3% (95% CI, 36.2%-38.5%) in patients with no/mild AS (HR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.69-2.0]; P<0.001). In both populations (overall and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), these differences correspond to significant lifetime loss associated with moderate AS during follow-up (4.4years, P<0.001; and 1.9years, P<0.001, respectively). A consistent pattern of elevated mortality rate associated with moderate AS in sensitivity analyses of matched studies was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate AS was associated with higher risk of death and lifetime loss compared with patients with no/mild AS.",
+        "output": "Moderate Aortic Valve Stenosis Is Associated With Increased Mortality Rate and Lifetime Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data of 409680 Patients.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Arbitrage funds made a strong comeback in 2023 as a sharp improvement in performance along with a higher tax arbitrage vis-a-vis debt funds boosted investor interest in the low-risk hybrid offering.The category has delivered 7.6 per cent return on an average in 2023, the highest since 2015.The returns had ranged between 4.1 per cent and 4.6 per cent in the previous three calendar years, shows data from Value Research.Experts say the surge in returns is a result of the widening of price differential between cash and the derivatives market.\u201cArbitrage funds delivered encouraging returns on account of",
-        "output": "Arbitrage funds witnessed a strong comeback in 2023, delivering a 7.6% average return, the highest since 2015, due to improved performance and higher tax arbitrage compared to debt funds. The surge in returns is attributed to the widening price differential between cash and the derivatives market.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this Voices article we introduce seven impressive young group leaders who spoke at the recent Ringberg Workshop on Structural Biology organized by Ilme Schlichting from the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg. We asked them to tell us more about their careers and their exciting research.",
+        "output": "Introducing: Ulrich J. Lorenz, Radoslav I. Enchev, Clare F. Megarity, Helen Ginn, Patrick Rabe, Alice R. Walker, and Kartik Ayyer.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Eastern Zhou (770-221 BCE) was an important period of social transformation in ancient China. The development of class- and gender-based stratification of this period had profound effects on human diet. We aim to examine the relationships among diet, class, and sex (as a proxy for gender) during this period through comparative investigations of noble individuals and sacrificial human companions. We analyzed the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone collagen of 61 human (26 nobles and 35 sacrificial companions) and 32 faunal samples from the Dahan (sic) cemetery (an Eastern Zhou archaeological site). There are statistically significant class-based dietary differences, with the nobles consuming more socially valued foods (high protein food and millets) compared with sacrificial companions, which is also supported by paleopathological evidence. Sex-based differences were specific to class, with no significant dietary differences found in the nobles, whereas males may have had better diets than females in the lower classes. Our dietary analysis suggests that some sacrificial companions may have benefited from the resources of their noble masters, however, most sacrificial companions had a poorer diet. In addition, one noble individual possibly experienced social mobility in his lifetime, as shown by the discrepancy in his burial treatment and his long-term diet. This cemetery-wide study of dietary differences between nobles and sacrificial companions allows for novel insight into the intersection of class, gender, and diet during the Eastern Zhou period.",
-        "output": "The intersection of diet, class, and sex during the Eastern Zhou (770-221 BCE): Bioarchaeological evidence from the Dahan cemetery, China",
+        "input": "Despite mounting attention in recent years, health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance are not new. Antimicrobial resistance has dogged infectious disease treatment processes since the first modern antimicrobials were discovered.",
+        "output": "A Brief History of Antimicrobial Resistance.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Post-9/11-era veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have greater health-related complexity than veterans overall, and may require coordinated care from TBI specialists such as those within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. With passage of the Choice and MISSION Acts, more veterans are using VA-purchased care delivered by community providers who may lack TBI training. We explored prevalence and correlates of VA-purchased care use among post-9/11 veterans with TBI.SETTING: Nationwide VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.PARTICIPANTS: Post-9/11-era veterans with clinician-confirmed TBI based on VA's Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (N = 65144).DESIGN: This was a retrospective, observational study.MAIN MEASURES: Proportions of veterans who used VA-purchased care and both VA-purchased and VA-delivered outpatient care, overall and by study year. We employed multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between veterans' sociodemographic, military history, and clinical characteristics and their likelihood of using VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.RESULTS: Overall, 51% of veterans with TBI used VA-purchased care during the study period. Nearly all who used VA-purchased care (99%) also used VA-delivered outpatient care. Veterans' sociodemographic, military, and clinical characteristics were associated with their likelihood of using VA-purchased care. Notably, in adjusted analyses, veterans with moderate/severe TBI (vs mild), those with higher health risk scores, and those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, or pain-related conditions had increased odds of using VA-purchased care. Additionally, those flagged as high risk for suicide also had higher odds of VA-purchased care use.CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with TBI with greater health-related complexity were more likely to use VA-purchased care than their less complex counterparts. The risks of potential care fragmentation across providers versus the benefits of increased access to care are unknown. Research is needed to examine health and functional outcomes among these veterans.",
-        "output": "Prevalence and Correlates of VA-Purchased Community Care Use Among Post-9/11-Era Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Providing informed consent for trials requires providing trial participantswith comprehensive information about the trial, including information about potential risks and benefits. It is required by the ethical principle of respecting patient autonomy. Our study examines the variation in the way information about potential trial benefits and harms is shared in participant information leaflets (PILs).METHODS: A total of 214 PILs and informed consent forms from clinical trials units (CTUs) and Clinical Research Facilities (CRFs) in Ireland and the UK were assessed by two authors independently,to check the extent to which they adhered to seven recently developed principles. Discrepancies were resolved by a third.RESULTS: Usage of the seven principles varied widely between PILs regardless of the intended recipient or trial type. None of the PILs used more than four principles, and some (4%) used none. Twenty-seven per cent of PILs presented information about all known potential harms, whereas 45% presented information on allknown potential benefits. Some PILs did not provide any potential harms or potential benefits (8%). There was variation in the information contained in adult and children PILs and across disease areas.CONCLUSION: Significant variation exists in how potential trial benefits and harms are described to potential trial participants in PILs in our sample. Usage of the seven principles of good practice will promote consistency, ensure informed ethical decision-making and invoke trust and transparency. In the long term, a standardised PIL template is needed.",
+        "output": "When describing harms and benefits to potential trial participants, participant information leaflets are inadequate.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ROSH HA'AIN, Israel -   Ceragon Networks   Ltd. (NASDAQ: NASDAQ:CRNT), a prominent provider of 5G wireless transport solutions, has announced a substantial agreement with a global integrator to support a network modernization project for a major Indian telecom operator. The contract, worth around $150M, will see Ceragon play a pivotal role in enhancing network capabilities and expanding capacity across India.The project, which marks the first deployment of Ceragon's latest ultra-compact, energy-efficient radio technology, includes planning, product delivery, and deployment services. Additionally, it features a multi-year managed services contract for the maintenance and oversight of the microwave and millimeter wave (mmW) network. Ceragon expects to begin the rollout of new sites in the second quarter of 2024, aiming to complete the deployment within 7 to 9 quarters. About 75% of the project's value is anticipated to be recognized during this period, with the remainder attributed to managed services and maintenance starting within a year of deployment.Ceragon's collaboration with the global integrator addresses the stringent requirements of the Tier 1 Operator's network modernization, which is part of a multi-billion-dollar initiative. The new microwave sites will utilize Ceragon's innovative all-outdoor radio, and several thousand mmW sites will be equipped with Ceragon's E-Band product.Doron Arazi, CEO of Ceragon, expressed enthusiasm for the project, highlighting the company's reputation as an innovative and reliable partner in the wireless transport sector. He emphasized the importance of the project in meeting the connectivity needs of India's population.The agreement's final value may vary by up to 25%, depending on actual deployment requirements during the project rollout. This news is based on a press release statement from Ceragon Networks Ltd.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Ceragon Networks has secured a $150 million contract to support a network modernization project for a major Indian telecom operator, involving the deployment of its ultra-compact, energy-efficient radio technology and multi-year managed services. The project aims to enhance network capabilities and expand capacity across India.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Between 1898 and 1940, eight human cases of diphyllobothriasis were reported in Argentina, always in recently arrived European immigrants. In 1982, the first autochthonous case was detected, and since then, 33 other autochthonous cases have been reported, totaling 42 cases of human diphyllobothriasis in Argentina before the present study. Our aim is to update the information on diphyllobothriasis in Argentina by identifying specimens from new cases using morphometrical and/or molecular methods. We also aim to assess the epidemiological relevance of this food-borne disease in the country. Anamnestic data were obtained from patients or professionals, along with 26 worms identified using morphometrical (21 samples) and molecular techniques (5 samples). All the patients acquired the infection by consuming freshwater salmonids caught in Andean lakes in Northern Patagonia. Morphometrics and DNA markers of worms were compatible with Dibothriocephalus latus. In total, 68 human cases have been detected in Argentina, 60 of which were autochthonous. The human population living North-western Patagonia, whose lakes are inhabited by salmonids, is increasing. Similarly, the number of other definitive hosts for Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (gulls) and for D. latus (dogs) is also increasing. In addition, salmonid fishing and the habit of consuming home-prepared raw fish dishes are becoming widespread. Therefore, it is to be expected that diphyllobothriasis in Argentina will increase further.",
+        "output": "Human diphyllobothriasis in Argentina: assessing the epidemiological significance from historical records and reports of new cases.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Roth MKM analysts lifted Live Nation Entertainment (NYSE:LYV) to Buy from Neutral, raising the price target to $114 from $92 per share in a note Friday, saying they expect the above-trend growth to continue.The outlook remains strong with upside potential, according to the firm, with positive secular demand for live events/concerts positioning Live Nation well for above-trend growth over the next several years.Analysts also noted that there is considerable optimism for the company entering 2024.\"Robust demand which is being fueled by a growing supply of touring artists, the globalization of the music, and Live Nation's expanding geographic presence should continue for the next few years,\" added analysts.\"To that point, we believe our above consensus revenue and AOI estimates should prove conservative,\" they continued. \"In addition, we anticipate the DOJ's investigation of Live Nation will achieve a resolution this year, with minimal impact, which should remove a valuation overhang.\"",
-        "output": "Roth MKM upgraded Live Nation Entertainment (LYV) to Buy, raising the price target to $114 from $92, citing strong demand for live events, globalization of music, and expanding geographic presence. The analysts expect above-trend growth to continue over the next several years, with robust demand fueled by a growing supply of touring artists.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between nursing students' disaster response self-efficacy and their disaster preparedness perceptions.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students after a major earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (n = 302). Data collection took place from June 2023 to October 2023, using the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) and Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale (DPPS). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: Nursing students' DRSES mean score was 63.35 \u00b1 10.83 (moderate level) and DPPS mean score was 3.41 \u00b1 0.50 (high level). A positive and moderate correlation was found between nursing students' DRSES and DPPS scores (r = 0.515; P = 0.000). Predictors affecting nursing students' disaster preparedness are disaster response self-efficacy score, being male, and making a family disaster plan.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study highlight the importance of increasing the disaster response self-efficacy needed by nursing students to successfully assist patients in disaster situations.",
+        "output": "Relationship Between Disaster Response Self-Efficacy and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing Students: After-Earthquake Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Providing informed consent for trials requires providing trial participantswith comprehensive information about the trial, including information about potential risks and benefits. It is required by the ethical principle of respecting patient autonomy. Our study examines the variation in the way information about potential trial benefits and harms is shared in participant information leaflets (PILs).METHODS: A total of 214 PILs and informed consent forms from clinical trials units (CTUs) and Clinical Research Facilities (CRFs) in Ireland and the UK were assessed by two authors independently,to check the extent to which they adhered to seven recently developed principles. Discrepancies were resolved by a third.RESULTS: Usage of the seven principles varied widely between PILs regardless of the intended recipient or trial type. None of the PILs used more than four principles, and some (4%) used none. Twenty-seven per cent of PILs presented information about all known potential harms, whereas 45% presented information on allknown potential benefits. Some PILs did not provide any potential harms or potential benefits (8%). There was variation in the information contained in adult and children PILs and across disease areas.CONCLUSION: Significant variation exists in how potential trial benefits and harms are described to potential trial participants in PILs in our sample. Usage of the seven principles of good practice will promote consistency, ensure informed ethical decision-making and invoke trust and transparency. In the long term, a standardised PIL template is needed.",
-        "output": "When describing harms and benefits to potential trial participants, participant information leaflets are inadequate.",
+        "input": "In its heyday, motorcycle speedway packed stadiums on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Via archival research, oral history, and fieldwork in multiple states this essay argues that speedway is uniquely placed to complicate tired Cold War binaries. Regardless of prevailing political systems, it thrived in provincial settings, as tours, itinerant riders, and machinery ensured regular interactions between speedway's 'entangled peripheries'. When small-town Swedes and aspirant Soviets challenged the British Commonwealth's on-track dominance, this sport born at the imperial margins thrust Muslim riders from the Russian step into the limelight, and Australasian world champions harnessed superior Czechoslovak engineering.",
+        "output": "'The Russians are Coming!' Entangled Peripheries and Cold War Competition in Motorcycle Speedway",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Between the sixth and fifteenth c. CE, a vast expanse of central and southern Sudan belonged to the kingdom of Alwa, ruled from the urban metropolis of Soba. Renewed investigation of the city unearthed a small cemetery in the northern part of the site. The heterogeneity of burial practices raised some questions as to the cultural and religious affinities of the deceased and suggested potential multiculturalism of the local urban population. We applied isotopic analyses to investigate the origins of the people buried at Cemetery OS and their concomitant ways of life. Non-concordance of 87Sr/86Sr and delta 18O values with local hydro-geological background speaks to the mixing of water sources as a result of residential mobility. The concordance of human and faunal strontium and oxygen results, combined with elevated delta 13C values corresponding to almost exclusive reliance on C4 produce, points to the possibility of seasonal movement of people with their herds between the Nile valley and the adjacent grasslands. Despite the turn of the medieval Nubian economy towards settled agriculture, by revealing the granular specificities of human adaptation in challenging ecosystems, our results produce the first insight into the enduring diversification of economic production, even in urbanized settings, and persisting participation of local peoples in agro-pastoral symbiosis.Entre le VIe et le XVe s. CE, une vaste etendue du centre et du sud du Soudan appartenait au royaume d'Alwa, gouverne depuis la metropole urbaine de Soba. Une nouvelle enquete sur la ville a mis au jour un petit cimetiere dans la partie nord du site. L'heterogeneite des pratiques funeraires a souleve certaines questions quant aux affinites culturelles et religieuses des defunts et a suggere un potentiel multiculturalisme de la population urbaine locale. Nous avons applique des analyses isotopiques pour etudier les origines des personnes enterrees au cimetiere OS et leurs modes de vie concomitants. La non-concordance des valeurs de 87Sr/86Sr et delta 18O avec le contexte hydrogeologique local temoigne d'un melange de sources d'eau resultant de la mobilite residentielle. La concordance des resultats humains et fauniques en strontium et en oxygene, combinee aux valeurs elevees de delta 13C correspondant a une dependance presque exclusive aux produits C4, indique la possibilite de mouvements saisonniers de personnes et de leurs troupeaux entre la vallee du Nil et les prairies adjacentes. Malgre le tournant de l'economie nubienne medievale vers une agriculture sedentaire, en revelant les specificites granulaires de l'adaptation humaine dans des ecosystemes difficiles, nos resultats donnent le premier apercu de la diversification durable de la production economique, meme dans les contextes urbanises, et de la participation persistante des populations locales a l'agriculture. symbiose agro-pastorale.",
-        "output": "Isotopic Evidence for Socio-economic Dynamics Within the Capital of the Kingdom of Alwa, Sudan",
+        "input": "Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually requires a long acquisition time. The movement of the patients during MRI acquisition will produce image artifacts. Previous studies have shown that clear MR image texture edges are of great significance for pathological diagnosis. In this paper, a motion artifact reduction method for cardiac MRI based on edge enhancement network is proposed. Firstly, the four-plane normal vector adaptive fractional differential mask is applied to extract the edge features of blurred images. The four-plane normal vector method can reduce the noise information in the edge feature maps. The adaptive fractional order is selected according to the normal mean gradient and the local Gaussian curvature entropy of the images. Secondly, the extracted edge feature maps and blurred images are input into the de-artifact network. In this network, the edge fusion feature extraction network and the edge fusion transformer network are specially designed. The former combines the edge feature maps with the fuzzy feature maps to extract the edge feature information. The latter combines the edge attention network and the fuzzy attention network, which can focus on the blurred image edges. Finally, extensive experiments show that the proposed method can obtain higher peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure compared to state-of-art methods. The de-artifact images have clear texture edges.",
+        "output": "A cardiac MRI motion artifact reduction method based on edge enhancement network",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Rather than confining the investigation solely to intentions, as typically done within the unifinality paradigm (e.g. Structural Equation Modeling with prespecified hypotheses), this paper extends the traditional approach by delving into the actual behaviors of tourists through diverse pathways. Employing mixed methods, we aim to uncover potential explanations for the formation of green behavioral patterns among tourists. While our findings reveal a limited variance in behavior explained solely by intention, it is imperative to recognize the critical role of intention as a significant determinant of behavior, as supported by our empirical data.",
-        "output": "Exploring multifaceted pathways: understanding behavioral formation in green tourism selection through fsQCA",
+        "input": "In recent times, the advent of AI-based optical character recognition (OCR) has garnered significant attention in the realm of digital text conversion. However, it is imperative to note that OCR solely identifies individual characters or words, and lacks the ability to reunite them into cohesive units such as words or sentences. Consequently, the manual sorting of them to establish the appropriate reading order has emerged as a bottleneck. In this paper, we present an algorithm termed adjacent character detection (ACD), designed to serve as a post-processing of OCR, facilitating automatic digital text conversion. The algorithm involves line segmentation through a quad-ACD scan (up-down-down-up), allowing it to consecutively discern characters within a column based on their adjacency relations. Conventional projection profile analyses have struggled to effectively partition the distinct internal structure of Chinese historical text, where two annotation columns often subdivide from a single body column. In contrast, our ACD algorithm employs an approach, reuniting adjacent characters rather than fragmenting the entire text into isolated entities. Additionally, ACD algorithm enabled body/annotation classification for OCR-detected characters based on the pattern analysis of its quad scan. This cumulative information empowers the conversion of digital text in a desired reading order. To assess the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a set of ground-truth OCR result was subjected to rigorous testing, culminating in a reading order accuracy of 98.6%. Noteworthy robustness was also demonstrated in the face of misaligned columns, experimentally induced by applying tilt, warp, and wavy noises to the original digital images. Lastly, the algorithm was integrated with two pre-developed OCR models, resulting in a reading order accuracy of 97.7%. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "An algorithm of line segmentation and reading order sorting based on adjacent character detection: A post-processing of OCR for digitization of Chinese historical texts",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Chile rapidly implemented an extensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign, deploying a diversityof vaccines with a strategy that prioritized the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. This study aims to assessthedirect impact of vaccination on the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospital admissions, ICU admissions and deaths averted during the first year and a half of the campaign.METHODS: Via Chile's transparency law, we obtained access to weekly event counts categorized by vaccination status and age. Integrating this data with publicly available census and vaccination coverage information, we conducted a comparative analysis of weekly incidence rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 to estimate the direct impact of vaccination in terms of the number of cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths averted, using an approach that avoids the need to explicitly specify the effectiveness of each vaccine deployed.RESULTS: We estimated that, from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 the vaccination campaign directly prevented 1,030,648 (95%Confidence Interval: 1,016,975-1,044,321) cases, 268,784 (95%CI: 264,524-273,045) hospitalizations, 85,830 (95%CI: 83,466-88,194) ICU admissions and 75,968 (95%CI: 73,909-78,028) deaths related to COVID-19 among individuals aged 16 years and older. This corresponds to a reduction of 26% of cases, 66% of hospital admissions, 70% of ICU admissions and 67% of deaths compared to a scenario without vaccination. Individuals 55 years old or older represented 67% of hospitalizations, 73% of ICU admissions and 89% of deaths related to COVID-19 prevented.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the role of Chile's vaccination campaign in reducing COVID-19 disease burden, with the most substantial reductions observed in severe outcomes.",
-        "output": "Direct impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: averted cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths.",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.METHODS: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the beSAAS. We administrated this 23-item questionnaire to 923 final-year medical students in Belgium (response rate=71,1%). Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the clusters.RESULTS: Four clusters of students with specific characteristics were identified in this study. The first, The Inclusives (including 27,9% of respondents) had the least negative attitudes; they wanted to specialize mainly in psychiatry and gynecology. The second, The Centrists (23,6%) consisted mainly of male students. They had many private and professional experiences with substance use and considered themselves less healthy than others did. Most wanted to specialize in pediatrics and general practice. Their attitudes were slightly negative towards people with SUD. The third, The Moralists (27,6%), were mainly older, from non-European countries, had the least experience with substance use (or contact mainly in hospitals), had the less high mother's level of education and reported excellent health. They were heading toward other specialties. They had the most stereotypes and moralism, and less treatment optimism. The fourth, The Specialist care-oriented (20,8%), were the most in favor of specialized treatment. This group had a higher proportion of Belgian, females, and students who had specific contact with this population. They especially intended to specialize in internal medicine.CONCLUSION: This study revealed 4 profiles of medical students with different attitudes towards SUD people. The Moralists, including more than a quarter of the respondents, were characterized by strong stereotypes and moralism and little treatment optimism. These clusters could contribute to the design of a learner-centered program aimed at addressing stigma within the main curriculum.",
+        "output": "Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Bank of America said in a note Tuesday that Apple's (NASDAQ:AAPL) App Store revenue increased by 10.1% year-on-year (YoY) globally in December and 10.2% year-on-year in China.Furthermore, analysts said that as per SensorTower data, App Store revenues in F1Q24 increased to $6.7 billion, or +2% year-on-year, with total downloads decreasing -6% YoY. \"In F1Q24 (91 days), we saw app store dollars per download increase +8.5% y/y,\" wrote the analysts. \"Overall App Store trends improved y/y in December both Globally and in the US.\"The analysts also noted that global gaming revenue declined -3.4% YoY in F1Q, while iPhone availability is elevated across all geos and models. \"We maintain Neutral as positive catalysts of new product introduction and stable iPhones are offset by a potentially weaker consumer spending environment,\" the analysts concluded.",
-        "output": "Apple's App Store revenue grew by 10.1% globally and 10.2% in China in December, with F1Q24 revenue reaching $6.7 billion, a 2% YoY increase. Despite a 6% YoY decline in downloads, revenue per download increased by 8.5% YoY.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Despite a world-leading educational system, an achievement gap in educational outcomes exists between children of refugee background and native-born peers in Finland. To offer targeted support for children at schools, we need to be able to reliably assess and understand the interplay of the aspects of children's cognitive, social, and mental health functions that may explain the underachievement of refugee children. This study tests a novel research-based, universally applicable screening battery for evaluating cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of children at schools and planning supportive actions. It aims to answer research questions about a) the cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of refugee children compared with non-refugee immigrant and native-born children, b) the interplay of these different functions among refugee and other children,c) whether implementing a screening battery can inform schools in planning supportive actions for (refugee) children, and d) whether such supportive actions result in improvements in cognitive, social, and mental health functioning.METHODS: Four hundred fifty children aged 10-12 will be recruited from primary schools, including 150 children of refugee background, 150 of non-refugee immigrant background, and 150 native-born Finnish children. A screening battery including tasks and questionnaires on different aspects of cognitive, social, and mental health functioning will be used to assess the children in their classrooms at the start and end of a school year. Supporting information will also be collected from parents and teachers. The information gathered will be collated into class-level feedback reports for teachers and, with parental permission, individualized reports for multiprofessional student welfare bodies, for informing supportive actions. Correlational and latent profile analyses, ANOVAs, and linear regression will be used to answer the research questions.DISCUSSION: This study will help clarify how the interplay of cognitive, social, and mental health factors may explain underachievement at school among refugee children. It will provide evidence about the extent to which a standardized screening battery could be helpful in informing and planning supportive actions for children at schools, and whether such supportive actions can lead to positive cognitive, social, or mental health outcomes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study will be preregistered on the Open Science Framework.",
+        "output": "Cognitive, social, and mental health functions of refugee children - screening and supportive actions at school: a study protocol.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Chennai, Jan 11 (IANS) Software major  Infosys  Ltd (NS:INFY) on Thursday said it will acquire InSemi, a semiconductor design and embedded services provider, for Rs 280 crore.In a regulatory filing, Infosys said the acquisition of Rs 153.6 crore revenue InSemi is expected to close during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, subject to customary closing conditions.\"Consideration including earn-outs, and management incentives, and retention bonus totaling up to INR 280 crores subject to customary closing adjustments,\" Infosys said.The Bengaluru headquartered InSemi has a headcount of over 900 persons.--IANSvj/svn",
-        "output": "Infosys will acquire InSemi, a semiconductor design and embedded services provider, for Rs 280 crore to strengthen its semiconductor design capabilities. The acquisition is expected to close during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Preservation of cultural heritage in the face of human and natural disasters, as well as improper maintenance practices, is a crucial endeavor that must be undertaken throughout the lifespan of heritage buildings. In order to maximize the value derived from these assets and strike a harmonious balance between accurate documentation and performance optimization, asset management strategies have been employed. In recent years, the advent of innovative methodologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and laser scanning has opened new possibilities for their application in various contexts. However, successful implementation of these methodologies faces a range of challenges, including limited knowledge, inexperienced teams, and reluctance to embrace change on the part of administrators. To address these obstacles and enhance asset management practices, the integration of BIM, Chatbot, and Blockchain methodology has emerged as a viable solution. This methodology not only facilitates the improvement of data security and user data capture but also streamlines the process of updating BIM models. In this research, we propose a data-driven Chatbot framework based on Blockchain, specifically designed to manage maintenance activities through the utilization of BIM. The proposed framework serves as a valuable tool for government authorities and asset managers seeking to adopt BIM for the preservation of heritage buildings. Comprising three key components - the BIM model, the Blockchain model, and the Chatbot model - the framework offers com prehensive support. The BIM model encompasses all relevant information pertaining to the management of the heritage building, while the Chatbot model replicates human interaction through text-based communication. Users can access up-to-date BIM data by posing predefined questions to the Chatbot. On the other hand, the Blockchain model serves as a secure and immutable record-keeping system, validating and verifying user updates, thereby fostering trust among stakeholders. This proposed model empowers asset stakeholders to request and update asset information via a trusted and reliable channel. To showcase the capabilities of the framework, we present a real-world case study centered on the Omar Toson Palace in Cairo, Egypt. Through this case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of our proposed framework in meeting the challenges associated with heritage building preservation . (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Blockchain technology applications in maintaining heritage buildings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Five clay poultices used in built heritage, stone, and wall painting conservation were examined for their potential to extract impurities from medieval lime-rich wall painting plaster. Since the most efficient extraction is achieved by capillary advection, this evaluation compared the pore size distribution of the clay poultices with that of medieval plaster. The pore size distribution was measured using the pressure plate method, a method with a long history of use in soil and building science. The present study demonstrates for the first time a successful application of this method in the evaluation of clay poultices for conservation. In addition, the retentive capacities of the five poultices were examined by measuring lateral migration and penetration depths as a function of time, using customised plaster samples and a blue dye to facilitate migration measurements. Of the five poultices, bentonite showed the least promising pore size range and was estimated to have little or no effect as a drying poultice for medieval wall painting plaster. The remaining four poultices showed promising results, although with various shortcomings that might influence the results of the intervention, as the best fit is dependent on the aim of the poulticing. For a cleaning poultice, where dirt is to be extracted solely from the surface of the plaster, attapulgite and PANGEL (R) S1500 seemed to be best suited due to their high retention. The pore size distribution and migration pattern of PANGEL (R) S9 and sepiolite indicated that they could be suitable as poultices for desalination.",
-        "output": "The Potential of Clay Poultices as Sorbents for Medieval Plaster: A Comparative Study Using the Pressure Plate Method and Dye",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To determine older adults' metaphorical perceptions of the concept of aging.METHOD: Participants in this qualitative study comprised 57 older adults as determined using convenience and criterion sampling methods. Data were obtained using a personal data form and the metaphor form and analyzed with descriptive and content analysis techniques.RESULTS: Fifty-seven metaphors were identified within three themes: 24 within Mental Aspect, 18 within Physical Aspect, and 15 within Psychosocial Aspect.CONCLUSION: The fact that most metaphors appeared within the Mental Aspect theme was interpreted as an indication that participants felt the effects of aging more in the mental dimension. Results of the research show that aging is perceived as experience and accumulation mentally, as inadequacy physically, and as the end or loneliness psychosocially. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(5), 27-34.].",
+        "output": "Older Adults' Metaphorical Perceptions of Aging in Turkey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A vast amount of location information exists in unstructured texts, such as social media posts, news stories, scientific articles, web pages, travel blogs, and historical archives. Geoparsing refers to recognizing location references from texts and identifying their geospatial representations. While geoparsing can benefit many domains, a summary of its specific applications is still missing. Further, there is a lack of a comprehensive review and comparison of existing approaches for location reference recognition, which is the first and core step of geoparsing. To fill these research gaps, this review first summarizes seven typical application domains of geoparsing: geographic information retrieval, disaster management, disease surveillance, traffic management, spatial humanities, tourism management, and crime management. We then review existing approaches for location reference recognition by categorizing these approaches into four groups based on their underlying functional principle: rule-based, gazetteer matching-based, statistical learning-based, and hybrid approaches. Next, we thoroughly evaluate the correctness and computational efficiency of the 27 most widely used approaches for location reference recognition based on 26 public datasets with different types of texts (e.g., social media posts and news stories) containing 39,736 location references worldwide. Results from this thorough evaluation can help inform future methodological developments and can help guide the selection of proper approaches based on application needs.",
-        "output": "Location Reference Recognition from Texts: A Survey and Comparison",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Despite the prevalence of non-English languages in the US population, existing medical training to teach communication with linguistically diverse communities is limited to electives or solely focuses on medical interpreting. Language-appropriate communication skills are seldom comprehensively integrated in medical education. This study describes the development and evaluation of an intervention to teach foundational language equity concepts.METHODS: The authors implemented a pre-clinical language equity course at three medical school campuses between August 2020 and March 2022. Sessions focused on the impact of language in health, physician language proficiency standards, and working with medical interpreters. The study sought to (1) understand students' language skills and prior clinical experiences with patients with non-English language preference and (2) evaluate the curriculum's impact. Students self-reported their language skills and experiences as part of a voluntary pre-questionnaire. Pre and post-questionnaires evaluated knowledge, attitudes, and intent to apply language equity concepts. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used to examine trends; themes were identified from free-text responses.RESULTS: Overall, 301 students completed the course, 252 (83%) completed at least one questionnaire; for each session, between 35% and 46% of learners completed both pre and post-questionnaires. Three quarters (189/252) reported non-English languages. Over half (138/252) reported previous non-English language patient care, and 28% (62/224) had served as ad hoc (untrained) interpreters. Only two students (<1%) had ever been assessed for medical language abilities. Students demonstrated improved post-course language equity knowledge, strategies for interpreter-mediated encounters, and likelihood to report a plan for language skills assessment (all p<.001). Most plans were multifaceted (61%, 38/62), involving goals like completing a language course, taking a proficiency exam, openly discussing skills and uncertainties with team members, and increasing professional interpreter utilization.CONCLUSIONS: A longitudinal language equity curriculum can be feasibly integrated in pre-clinical education, highlight the linguistic diversity of the student body, and serve as a first step in ensuring that all students have a strong language equity foundation prior to clinical rotations. Future steps include evaluating the intervention's potential long-term effects on professional interpreter utilization, student clinical performance, and institutional culture that promotes multilingualism.",
+        "output": "Teaching foundational language equity concepts in the pre-clinical curriculum.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In Entities and Indices, M. J. Cresswell argued that a first-order modal language can reach the expressive power of natural-language modal discourse only if we give to the formal language a semantics with indices containing infinite possible worlds and we add to it an infinite collection of operators actually n \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\varvec{actually}}}_n$$\\end{document} and R e f n \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ Ref _n$$\\end{document} which store and retrieve worlds. In the fourth chapter of the book, Cresswell gave a proof that the resulting intensional language, which he called L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , is as expressive as an extensional variant of it, called L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} , which has full quantification over worlds. In both linguistics and philosophy, Cresswell's book has been viewed as offering a compelling argument for preferring extensional systems in the study of natural language. In this paper, after providing a model-theoretic definition of the relation being as expressive as that can be applied to Cresswell's languages L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} and L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , we show that the intensional language L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} is not as expressive as the extensional language L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} . This result, we claim, undermines Cresswell's argument to the effect that English modal discourse has the power of explicit quantification over worlds.Additionally, we show that L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} does become as expressive as L \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}$$\\end{document} when we add Cresswell's operator of universal modality square \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\square $$\\end{document} to L & lowast; \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr {L}}<^>*$$\\end{document} , which provides an extra amount of expressive power. Recently, I. Yanovich has advocated a view that is similar to ours in important respects. At the end of the paper we offer a short discussion of his formalism.",
-        "output": "Expressive Power and Intensional Operators",
+        "input": "The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.",
+        "output": "Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.",
+        "system": "",
+        "history": []
+    },
+    {
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The psychology of vaccination behaviour explains how thoughts and feelings influence people's willingness to receive vaccines. Understanding vaccination behaviour is crucial to successfully managing vaccination campaigns.AIM: Investigating factors associated with immunisation stress among students at Mohammed First University.SETTING: This study was conducted on students at Mohammed First University institutions.METHODS: This study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 305 students at Mohammed First University institutions using a 90-item questionnaire.RESULTS: Three hundred and five participants have been included in this survey. Overall, 65.5% of the students in our sample had a positive perception towards COVID-19 vaccines. Nevertheless, 34.5% had a negative opinion regarding immunisation. According to the analysis of perceived stress scale, 40% (n = 122) of students expressed moderate to high stress regarding vaccination. Students with a negative perception of vaccine showed a higher level of stress than those with a positive one. Stressed students tended to be older than others, coming from other institutions, other than the medical faculty, and were renting alone. Vaccine accessibility was the less significant reason associated with stress regarding vaccination. Moreover, participants with high levels of confidence in social media, exhibited higher stress. Nevertheless, those who believed in scientific journals were significantly less stressed.CONCLUSION: These results reflect a positive perception and acceptance of vaccines, with a considerable level of stress regarding vaccination.Contribution: This study suggests emphasising the mental health of Moroccan young adults, to better sensitise and inform them about immunisation.",
+        "output": "A psychological insight of Moroccan adults' immunisation behaviour towards emergency vaccines.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SHENZHEN, China - BYD Co (SZ:002594) Ltd, a global leader in the production of new energy vehicles, has announced the introduction of its Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy and the debut of the XUANJI Architecture, a new AI-driven platform for intelligent electric vehicles. The announcement was made during the BYD Dream Day 2024 event at the company's headquarters in Shenzhen.The XUANJI Architecture is designed to function as the vehicle's brain and neural network, combining electrification with advanced intelligence. It is capable of processing real-time changes in both the internal and external environments of the vehicle, enhancing safety and comfort for drivers.Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD, emphasized the significance of the Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy in shaping the future of vehicle intelligence and accelerating the transformation of the automotive industry. He also noted the company's leadership in China for L2-level intelligent driving deployment and its status as the first to receive an L3-level test license.BYD also introduced the XUANJI AI Large Model, a multimodal vehicular artificial intelligence system that boasts the industry's largest data foundation and computational power. It covers over 300 vehicular scenarios and is designed for continuous adaptation.In addition to these technological advancements, BYD revealed plans to invest 5B RMB ($750M) in constructing the world's first professional all-terrain test-driving sites across several cities in China. This move aims to promote Chinese automotive culture in the era of new energy vehicles.BYD, established in 1995 as a rechargeable battery maker, has grown into a diverse multinational high-tech company. It is actively involved in various sectors, including automobiles, rail transit, new energy, and electronics, and operates in over 70 countries and regions.The information in this article is based on a press release statement from BYD.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "BYD, a leading new energy vehicle producer, unveiled its Integrated Vehicle Intelligence strategy and XUANJI Architecture, an AI-driven platform for intelligent electric vehicles, at BYD Dream Day 2024. The XUANJI Architecture, designed as the vehicle's brain and neural network, combines electrification with advanced intelligence, enhancing safety and comfort for drivers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Doxycycline (DOX) represents a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic that persists as a challenging-to-degrade contaminant in environmental compartments. Despite its ubiquity, scant literature exists on bacteria proficient in DOX degradation. This study marked a substantial advancement in this field by isolating Chryseobacterium sp. WX1 from an activated sludge enrichment culture, showcasing its unprecedented ability to completely degrade 50mg/L of DOX within 44h. Throughout the degradation process, seven biotransformation products were identified, revealing a complex pathway that began with the hydroxylation of DOX, followed by a series of transformations. Employing an integrated multi-omics approach alongside in vitro heterologous expression assays, our study distinctly identified the tetX gene as a critical facilitator of DOX hydroxylation. Proteomic analyses further pinpointed the enzymes postulated to mediate the downstream modifications of DOX hydroxylation derivatives. The elucidated degradation pathway encompassed several key biological processes, such as the microbial transmembrane transport of DOX and its intermediates, the orchestration of enzyme synthesis for transformation, energy metabolism, and other gene-regulated biological directives. This study provides the first insight into the adaptive biotransformation strategies of Chryseobacterium under DOX-induced stress, highlighting the potential applications of this strain to augment DOX removal in wastewater treatment systems containing high concentrations of DOX.",
+        "output": "Elucidating doxycycline biotransformation mechanism by Chryseobacterium sp. WX1: Multi-omics insights.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Domestic mutual funds (MFs) pumped in over Rs 1,000 crore, each in Kotak Mahindra Bank, ICICI Bank, and HDFC Bank in October. Reliance Industries, Tech Mahindra, and Bajaj Auto were the other top buys by equity fund managers. On the other hand, State Bank of India, Infosys, and ONGC were the stocks that saw the highest reduction in MF holdings in absolute terms. In the mid cap space, Dixon Tech, Coforge, and Federal Bank were the top-buys, while BSE, Nazara Technologies, and Karnataka Bank saw the highest inflows among small cap stocks. In October, the benchmark Nifty50 index fell 2.8 per cent, the most since December 2023, while the Nifty Midcap 100 index declined 4.1 per cent, the most since June 2022. The Nifty Smallcap 100 was relatively resilient as it fell less than a per cent. The declines came amid increased selling pressure by foreign portfolio investors. Samie Modak However, despite the volatility and FPI selloff, equity schemes continued to attract encouraging flows at Rs 20,000 crore, with all the 11 equity sub-categories registering positive flows. This provided fund managers enough dry powder to invest in stocks and counter the FPI selling",
-        "output": "Domestic mutual funds invested over Rs 1,000 crore each in Kotak Mahindra Bank, ICICI Bank, and HDFC Bank in October, despite a 2.8% decline in the Nifty50 index. Equity schemes continued to attract encouraging flows of Rs 20,000 crore, with all 11 equity sub-categories registering positive flows.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In Thailand, the national health care system and nationwide standard treatment protocols have evolved over time, potentially influencing the trends in the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers. However, further investigations are required to comprehensively study these trends in Khon Kaen, Thailand.METHODS: Childhood cancer patients aged 0-14years (n=541) who were diagnosed with one of the five most common cancers between 2000 and 2019 from the population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the demographic data, which are presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The trends in incidence between 2000 and 2019, including age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs), were analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Survival analysis was performed for 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) according to the Pohar Perme estimator and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.RESULTS: The ASRs of the overall top 5 childhood cancer groups were 67.96 and 106.12 per million person-years in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Overall, the APC significantly increased by 2.37% each year for both sexes. The overall 5-year RSRs were 60.5% for both sexes, 58.2% for males, and 63.9% for females. The highest 5-year RSR was for germ cell tumours (84.3%), whereas the lowest 5-year RSR was for neuroblastoma (29.1%).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, varied according to sex. The incidence trends increased over time, meanwhile, the relative survival rates rose to satisfactory levels and were comparable to those of other nations with similar financial status. The implementation of national health policies and adherence to national treatment guidelines have improved cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.",
+        "output": "Trends in incidence and survival of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2000-2019): a population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Among the 30 countries with a high burden of TB, China ranks third in the estimated number of TB cases. China is in the top four of 75 countries with a deficit in funding for TB strategic plans. To reduce costs and improve the effectiveness of TB treatment in China, the NHSA developed an innovative BP method. This study aimed to simulate the effects of this payment approach on different stakeholders, reduce the economic burden on TB patients, improve the quality of medical services, facilitate policy optimization, and offer a model for health care payment reforms that can be referenced by other regions throughout the world.METHODS: We developed a simulation model based on a decision tree analysis to project the expected effects of the payment method on the potential financial impacts on different stakeholders. Our analysis mainly focused on comparing changes in health care costs before and after receiving BPs for TB patients with Medicare in the pilot areas. The data that were used for the analysis included the TB service claim records for 2019-2021 from the health insurance agency, TB prevalence data from the local Centre for Disease Control, and health care facilities' revenue and expenditure data from the Statistic Yearbook. A Monte Carlo randomized simulation model was used to estimate the results.RESULTS: After adopting the innovative BP method, for each TB patient per year, the total annual expenditure was estimated to decrease from $2,523.28 to $2,088.89, which is a reduction of $434.39 (17.22%). The TB patient out-of-pocket expenditure was expected to decrease from $1,249.02 to $1,034.00, which is a reduction of $215.02 (17.22%). The health care provider's revenue decreased from $2,523.28 to $2,308.26, but the health care provider/institution's revenue-expenditure ratio increased from -6.09% to 9.50%.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of BPs to improve medical outcomes and control the costs associated with TB treatment. It demonstrates its feasibility and advantages in enhancing the coordination and sustainability of medical services, thus offering valuable insights for global health care payment reform.",
-        "output": "Impact of an innovative bundled payment to TB health care providers in China: an economic simulation analysis.",
+        "input": "Research shows a sharp increase in political polarization over the last two decades. While right-wing authoritarianism has received considerable academic attention, the psychological mechanisms of left-wing authoritarianism remain under-explored. This study used structural equation modeling to empirically test the factors that influence left-wing authoritarianism and its relationship with features of identity politics and psychological distress. Moral foundations theory was used to assess the moral concerns underlying left-wing authoritarianism. Participants from English-speaking countries (52.4% female, aged 18 to 85 years old) were recruited from various political groups on social media. The final sample (N = 299) voluntarily completed an online survey measuring left-wing authoritarianism, psychological distress, moral concerns, need for cognitive closure, and emotional reactivity. The final model explained 53% of the variance in left-wing authoritarianism and demonstrated that psychological distress indirectly affects left-wing authoritarianism through perceived grievance. However, perceived grievance had the strongest direct impact, providing support for the premise that perceived grievance, a feature of identity politics, constitutes a strong positive predictor of left-wing authoritarianism. Additionally, non-hypothesized mediating effects were observed from perceived grievance to the individualizing foundations and left-wing authoritarianism.",
+        "output": "Perceived grievance and individualising moralities: exploring the psychological structure of left-wing authoritarianism",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN JOSE, Calif. - Infinera (NASDAQ:INFN) Corporation (NASDAQ: INFN), a global supplier of optical networking solutions, has announced its preliminary financial results for the third and fourth quarters of 2023 are expected to be within or exceed the previously provided ranges. This update comes as the company is still in the process of finalizing its financial statements.Infinera's CFO, Nancy Erba, expressed satisfaction with the company's financial performance in the latter half of 2023, attributing the positive preliminary results to strong bookings and robust free cash flow generation. The company anticipates that the revenue and net income per diluted share for both quarters will match or surpass the outlook provided on November 8, 2023.On January 9, 2024, Infinera submitted a compliance plan to Nasdaq in response to a previously disclosed delay in filing its third-quarter Form 10-Q. The plan outlines steps the company will take to align with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1). Infinera and its auditors have not identified any new material weaknesses during their ongoing assessments and believe that any necessary accounting adjustments will not affect the materiality of past financial statements but will rather represent timing-related shifts between accounting periods.The company has cautioned that neither it nor its auditors have completed the review of the financial results for the third and fourth quarters of 2023. Therefore, the final results for these periods are pending and subject to the completion of the review process, which may lead to adjustments.Infinera specializes in providing innovative open optical networking solutions, including advanced optical semiconductors. These products are designed to enable carriers, cloud operators, governments, and enterprises to scale network bandwidth, accelerate service innovation, and automate network operations.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Infinera's preliminary financial results for Q3 and Q4 2023 are expected to meet or exceed previous estimates, driven by strong bookings and cash flow generation. The company submitted a compliance plan to Nasdaq on January 9, 2024, in response to a delayed Form 10-Q filing.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "On December 10-11, 2021, the deadliest December tornado outbreak on record produced a family of EF4 tornadoes that severely impacted communities in Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. Although the National Weather Service anticipated the outbreak three days earlier, not all communities received life-saving information before, during, or after the disaster. To examine systemic vulnerabilities experienced by Hispanic and Latinx immigrant populations, our team conducted a week-long field study in areas directly impacted by significant tornadoes. Connecting with local organizations, we interviewed 25 immigrants and community leaders in Arkansas and Kentucky. Social and systemic vulnerabilities, such as English proficiency, immigration status, and varying cultures of disaster preparedness, are examined as potential blockades to inclusive disaster response. Themes are contextualized into Mileti and Sorensen's warning response model. Findings indicate that US Hispanic and Latinx immigrants relied mainly on unofficial sources that had no expertise in severe weather forecasting and communication, prolonging their time to effectively respond to tornadoes and take proper protective actions. We conclude with practical recommendations for developing a multilingual emergency alert system that integrates community leaders and underserved groups.During the December 10-11, 2021, tornado outbreak, Hispanic and Latinx immigrant populations were disproportionately affected by disaster due to unequal access to warning information, linguistic barriers to understanding, and their immigration status. Hispanic and Latinx immigrants relied upon an informal warning system, where they mainly depended on unofficial sources for life-saving information. With limited access to official sources that communicated in their native language, immigrants took longer to process warning information overall. We conclude with the proposal of a multilingual alert system that prioritizes the needs of the most vulnerable.",
+        "output": "Systemic Vulnerabilities in Hispanic and Latinx Immigrant Communities Led to the Reliance on an Informal Warning System in the December 10-11, 2021, Tornado Outbreak",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Asian stocks also lost ground after China reported a flattish annual increase in consumer inflation. Japan\u2019s Nikkei fell 0.15 per cent. Hang Seng in Hong Kong sank 1.5 per cent, the S&P/ASX 200 in Australia was down 0.3 per cent and South Korea\u2019s Kopsi slipped 0.7 per cent.\u00a0.: The company has revised its FY24 revenue guidance to 5-6 per cent in constant currency terms from the earlier estimate of 6-8 per cent.HCLTech reported a 9 per cent YoY increase in its net profit to Rs 3,833 crore.: The RBI is expected to accelerate a key process of vetting IDBI Bank's potential buyers and complete it by October end in what would speed upits divestment process, reported Reuters.The market regulator Sebi is studying the Burman family\u2019s open offer to acquire additional 26 per cent in Religare Enterprises and has sought additional information from the company, reported Business Standard.Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) India reported sales of 2,356 units for April-September, from around 1,194 units in the same period last year.The company that its board will meet on October 17 to consider issuing preference shares to parent Suzuki Motor Corp SMC instead of a cash consideration to acquire Suzuki Motor Gujarat.The RBI has imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 5.39 crore on Paytm Payments Bank for violating Know Your Customer norms, among others.The company\u2019s arm will acquire US-based Sonnick Partners for $132.5 million. Sonnick Partners (Silverline) is a digital transformation consultancy & salesforce partner.The US FDA has issued the company Form 483 with nine observations for its Bachupally unit in Hyderabad.The US FDA issued Form 483 with nine observations for its Baddi unit.The company has received US FDA approval for the generic equivalent of Xywav Oral Solution, made by Ireland's Jazz Pharmaceuticals.The company has executed definitive agreements to implement the Samakhiyali Santalpur BOT project in Gujarat. The trust will acquire a 99.96 per cent stake in STPL for a total consideration of Rs 116.2 crore. The total project cost is Rs 2,092 crore.",
-        "output": "Asian stocks declined after China's flat inflation report, with Japan's Nikkei falling 0.15%, Hong Kong's Hang Seng dropping 1.5%, and Australia's S&P/ASX 200 losing 0.3%. HCLTech reported a 9% increase in net profit to Rs 3,833 crore, while the RBI imposed a penalty of Rs 5.39 crore on Paytm Payments Bank for KYC violations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSWs) face an elevated risk of developing mental health disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUD), which in turn increase their vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other negative outcomes. To effectively address both of these health issues, it is crucial to understand the shared key determinants underlying these illnesses, which is a substantial knowledge gap in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the common key determinants of depression and AUD among FSWs in Ethiopia using a bivariate multivariable ordinal logistic model.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional biobehavioral data collected in 2020 from 16 cities and major towns in Ethiopia using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) technique, which involved a total of 6,085 FSWs. FSWs who had lived at the study sites for at least a month before the study period were deemed eligible for recruitment. Major depressive disorder (DD) and AUD were screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT), respectively. We used descriptive statistics to summarize study population characteristics and bivariate multivariable ordinal logistic regression (BMOLR) to identify common determinants of DD and AUD combined and their nonnormal correlation.RESULTS: Among 6085 FSWs screened for DD and AUD, 13.5% and 4.0% have met the criteria for moderate and severe depressive disorder, respectively, and 20.3% and 34.7% have met the AUDIT criteria for harmful or hazardous behavior and alcohol dependence, respectively. FSW with experience of inconsistent condom use, condom failure, violence, mobility, use of any drugs, non-paying partners, abortion, and selling sex for more than five years were associated with an increase in the severity of both disorders. A high average income from selling sex and the number of paying partners reduced the severity of depression and increased the level of alcohol dependence. Being HIV positive and ever having anal sex were associated only with an increase in depression.CONCLUSION: Major DD and AUD are prevalent among FSWs in Ethiopia. The findings revealed that common key determinants, which exacerbated the severity of both disorders, were also risk factors for HIV and other STIs. Consequently, integrated STI strategies are essential in the screening, referral, and treatment of depression and AUD. Intervention packages should encompass determinants of depression and AUD, including condom utilization, drug use, mobility between towns, abortion, violence, and counseling services. Additionally, strategies to ensure economic security should be incorporated.",
+        "output": "Determinants of depressive and alcohol use disorders among female sex workers in Ethiopia: evidence from a national bio-behavioral survey, 2020.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PARIS - Xilam Animation (Paris:XIL), a French animation studio known for its Academy Award-nominated content, has announced the completion of a capital increase that raised \u20ac3.68 million. The capital was raised through the issuance of 982,299 new shares priced at \u20ac3.75 each, with the aim to strengthen the company's financial structure amid rising borrowing costs and stricter lending conditions.The subscription demand exceeded the initial offering by 8.7%, with the final number of shares issued matching 100% of those initially offered. The capital increase will result in a 16.7% dilution for shareholders who did not exercise their subscription rights.The new shares are expected to be admitted to trading on the Euronext Paris market in Compartment B as of January 12, 2024, and will be assimilated into the existing shares under ISIN FR0004034072. Following the capital increase, Xilam's share capital will amount to \u20ac589,379.90, divided into 5,893,799 shares with a par value of \u20ac0.10 each.The capital increase was authorized by the Chief Executive Officer on December 12, 2023, following the delegation of authority by the company's Board of Directors, and is in line with the resolution adopted at the Annual General Meeting of shareholders on June 23, 2022.Marc du Pontavice, a major shareholder, had expressed his intention to underwrite up to 75% of the capital increase if necessary. However, the Autorit\u00e9 des March\u00e9s Financiers (AMF) granted a waiver from the obligation to file a mandatory public offer following the threshold crossings resulting from his subscription, with no appeals against the waiver received within the legal timeframe.The capital increase does not require a prospectus as per the European Union regulations, given that it represents less than 20% of the number of shares already admitted to trading.Xilam is recognized for its creativity and innovation in the animation industry, producing content for both children and adults across various platforms. The studio employs over 600 people and has established a robust catalogue of programs, including popular franchises like \"Oggy and the Cockroaches,\" \"Zig & Sharko,\" and newer series such as \"Oggy Oggy.\"This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Xilam Animation, a French animation studio, raised \u20ac3.68 million through a capital increase to strengthen its financial structure amid rising borrowing costs. The capital increase resulted in a 16.7% dilution for shareholders who did not exercise their subscription rights.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the atmospheric environment has seriously threatened human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important source of aerosol ARGs. A large WWTP, including sewage treatment process (SWP) and sludge treatment process (SDP), was selected in North China for sampling in this study. The content of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial genera in sewage/sludge and aerosols from different process stages was detected. The possible correlation between ARGs/ MGEs and bacteria was analyzed. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated and the diffusion of ARGs/MGEs was simulated. The results showed that the concentration of ARGs/MGEs varied as the process progressed, and which in the aeration tank was relatively high. The ARGs/MGEs content in SWP aerosol (8.35-163.27 copies/m3) was higher than that in SDP (5.52-16.36 copies/m3). The main ARGs/MGEs detected in SWP aerosol were tnpA-05, tnpA-04, and ermF, while the main ARGs/MGEs detected in SDP aerosol were sul1, ermF, and blaPAO. ARGs were positively correlated with most bacteria and Escherichia coli with ARGs carries higher cytotoxicity. ARGs/MGEs mainly diffused towards the southeast, which may cause harm to urban residents with the diffusion of aerosols. This study provides clues and theoretical basis for preventing the hazards of ARGs from WWTP sources.",
+        "output": "Change characteristics, bacteria host, and spread risks of bioaerosol ARGs/MGEs from different stages in sewage and sludge treatment process.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Leading stock exchange BSE on Friday said it will launch options contracts on underlying WTI crude oil and Brent crude oil futures from October 9.In addition, the exchange will introduce Futures contracts on base metals such as copper, zinc, aluminium.These commodity contracts will provide market participants, particularly corporates, value chain participants and foreign portfolio investors, an efficient way to manage their commodity price risk against volatility, BSE said in a statement.Earlier, the stock exchange introduced Brent crude oil futures contracts in the commodity derivatives segment.Earlier in the day, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) announced that it will launch options contracts on underlying WTI crude oil and natural gas futures in the commodity derivatives segment from October 9.Separately, BSE said that Investor Risk Reduction Access (IRRA) has been made accessible to trading members across exchanges from October 3.The platform will help investors in case there is a disruption of services caused by systems belonging to trading members.\"IRRA platform will be available to the trading members supporting Internet Based Trading (IBT) and Security Trading through Wireless Technology for their investors. IRRA will not be available for Algo trading and Institutional clients,\" BSE said.Under the guidelines, trading members, upon facing technical glitches, which lead to disruption of trading services, can request for enablement of the IRRA service.Once IRRA service is authorised, the investors concerned can square off/close the open positions across segments and exchange/s and/or cancel the orders across segments, which are pending at the exchange.",
-        "output": "BSE will launch options contracts on WTI and Brent crude oil futures, as well as futures contracts on copper, zinc, and aluminum, from October 9th to provide market participants with efficient risk management tools. Additionally, BSE has made the Investor Risk Reduction Access (IRRA) platform available to trading members across exchanges from October 3rd to assist investors in case of service disruptions caused by trading member systems.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a stroke risk factor with known disparities in prevalence and management between Black and White patients. We sought to identify if racial differences in presenting blood pressure (BP) during acute ischemic stroke exist.METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults with acute ischemic stroke presenting to an emergency department within 24hours of last known normal during study epochs 2005, 2010, and 2015 within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study were included. Demographics, histories, arrival BP, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time from last known normal were collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine differences in mean BP between Black and White patients, adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, stroke, body mass index, and study epoch. Of 4048 patients, 853 Black and 3195 White patients were included. In adjusted analysis, Black patients had higher presenting systolic BP (161mmHg [95% CI, 159-164] versus 158mmHg [95% CI, 157-159], P<0.01), diastolic BP (86mmHg [95% CI, 85-88] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01), and mean arterial pressure (111mmHg [95% CI, 110-113] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) compared with White patients. In adjusted subanalysis of patients <4.5hours from last known normal, diastolic BP (88mmHg [95% CI, 86-90] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01) and mean arterial pressure (112mmHg [95% CI, 110-114] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) were also higher in Black patients.CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study suggests differences in presenting BP between Black and White patients during acute ischemic stroke. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences influence clinical decision-making, outcome, or clinical trial eligibility.",
+        "output": "Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure at Time of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presentation: APopulation Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By analysing new archival evidence, this article reveals how in the late 1980s, the legal principle of subsidiarity came to be seen as a tool for demobilising opposition to further European integration. At the same time, it also became a projection screen for competing visions for Europe's future: while the European Commission saw subsidiarity as an important foundation for a future European federation and the German government as an essential part of a 'Europe of the regions', the British government hoped to use it to achieve a renationalisation of the European Community. The French government was much more sceptical towards subsidiarity, pointing to the paradox that subsidiarity actually required a strong central authority to achieve its decentralising ends. The article concludes by arguing that the debate on subsidiarity reveals how ambitious and yet contested European integration had become by the early 1990s.",
-        "output": "Demobilising Opposition to European Integration: The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Creation of the European Union, 1988-1992",
+        "input": "Stable isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen (delta C-13, delta N-15) of archaeological grains/seeds recovered from different cultural layers of an Indus (Harappan) archaeological site 4MSR (29 degrees 12'87.2N; 73 degrees 9'421E; Binjor, western Rajasthan, India) provide insights into the Harappan agriculture between similar to 2900 to similar to 1800 BCE. The delta C-13 values were used to retrieve hydrological status, while delta N-15 values were used to gauge agricultural intensification. Isotopic data of grains/seeds were generated representing three Indus phases (i) Early phase (similar to 2900-2600 BCE), (ii) Transitional phase (similar to 2600-2500 BCE), and (iii) Mature phase (similar to 2500-1800 BCE). We find delta C-13 values of barley grains (winter crop) varied in overlapping ranges for all the three phases -21.34 parts per thousand +/- 1.9; -22.55 parts per thousand +/- 1.6 and -22.75 parts per thousand +/- 1.7 respectively (n=10 for each phase) indicating insignificant changes in hydrology for winter crops. For summer crops like cotton, average delta C-13 values for Transitional phase -23.44 parts per thousand +/- 1.8 were not significantly different from those of Mature phase -22.55 parts per thousand +/- 2.5. The delta N-15(barley) values varied in wider range, however, intra-phase variability appears to have overlapping values but showing overall increase from Early (7.72 parts per thousand +/- 1.8) to Mature phase (11.17 parts per thousand +/- 7.2) indicating a plausible agricultural intensification. We also measured delta C-13 of host soil organic matter (SOM) and sediment delta N-15 to assess regional environmental conditions. In contrast to the trends observed for archaeological grains/seeds, delta C-13(SOM) values showed a statistically significant enriching trend from Early (-23.54 parts per thousand +/- 1.4) to Mature phase (-20.40 parts per thousand +/- 1.9) hinting a growing aridity in the region. We surmise that Harappan farmers of western Rajasthan region might be managing arable hydrological conditions in their fields through agricultural interventions to continue agriculture practices despite growing aridity in the vicinity. The high proportion of water-demanding crop cotton during the Mature phase despite of changing environmental conditions, also corroborate our interpretation, possibly grown for the trade purposes.",
+        "output": "Agricultural resilience and land-use from an Indus settlement in north-western India: Inferences from stable Carbon and Nitrogen isotopes of archaeobotanical remains",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Attentional reorienting is dysfunctional not only in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also in infants who will develop ASD, thus constituting a potential causal factor of future social interaction and communication abilities. Following the research domain criteria framework, we hypothesized that the presence of subclinical autistic traits in parents should lead to atypical infants' attentional reorienting, which in turn should impact on their future socio-communication behavior in toddlerhood. During an attentional cueing task, we measured the saccadic latencies in a large sample (total enrolled n=89; final sample n=71) of 8-month-old infants from the general population as a proxy for their stimulus-driven attention. Infants were grouped in a high parental traits (HPT; n=23) or in a low parental traits (LPT; n=48) group, according to the degree of autistic traits self-reported by their parents. Infants (n=33) were then longitudinally followed to test their socio-communicative behaviors at 21months. Results show a sluggish reorienting system, which was a longitudinal predictor of future socio-communicative skills at 21months. Our combined transgenerational and longitudinal findings suggest that the early functionality of the stimulus-driven attentional network-redirecting attention from one event to another-could be directly connected to future social and communication development.",
-        "output": "Infants' reorienting efficiency depends on parental autistic traits and predicts future socio-communicative behaviors.",
+        "input": "This research combines Strontium (Sr-87/Sr-86) and Oxygen (delta O-18) isotope analysis to challenge the prevailing interpretation of patrilocal exogamic practices among eastern European Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) communities. Patrilocality has been considered the key factor influencing the mobility patterns of central Europe's first farmers (c. 5500-4900 cal. BC), especially in the south-eastern Moravian region (Czech Republic). Focusing our attention on both male and female tooth enamel samples from cemeteries, settlement graves and small clusters of graves, this paper reassesses the correlation between mobility, biological sex, and funerary practices. This task is accomplished by establishing a new isotopic footprint using new Sr-87/Sr-86 data, as well as significantly increasing the number of sampled individuals for Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta O-18. The outcome of this research contributes to a better understanding of the mobility patterns among early farmers in central Europe, challenging existing theories and providing new insights into their social and cultural dynamics.",
+        "output": "Patrilocality at the Beginning of Farming? An Isotopic Approach from SE Moravia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in soils and threaten human health seriously. The immobilized microorganisms (IM) technique is an effective and environmentally sound approach for remediating PAH-contaminated soil. However, the knowledge of the remedial efficiency and the way IM operates using natural organic materials as carriers in complex soil environments is limited. In this study, we loaded a functional microbial consortium on corn straw to analyze the effect of IM on PAH concentration and explore the potential remediation mechanisms of IM in PAH-contaminated soil. The findings revealed that the removal rate of total PAHs in the soil was 88.25% with the application of IM after 20 days, which was 39.25% higher than the control treatment, suggesting that IM could more easily degrade PAHs in soil. The findings from high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that the addition of IM altered the bacterial community structure and key components of the bacterial network, enhanced cooperative relationships among bacteria, and increased the abundance of bacteria and functional gene copies such as nidA and nahAc in the soil, ultimately facilitating the degradation of PAHs in the soil. This study enhances our understanding of the potential applications of IM for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soil.",
-        "output": "Remediation potential of an immobilized microbial consortium with corn straw as a carrier in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Population-based data on heart failure (HF)-related death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. We assessed HF-related death in people with AF in the United States over the past 21years and examined differences by age, sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization, and census region.METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to determine trends in age-adjusted mortality rates per 100000 people, due to HF-related death among subjects with AF aged \u226515years. To calculate nationwide annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change with relative 95% CIs using joinpoint regression. Between 1999 and 2020, 916685 HF-related deaths (396205 men and 520480 women) occurred among US adults having a concomitant AF. The overall age-adjusted mortality rates increased (AAPC: +4.1% [95% CI, 3.8-4.4]; P<0.001), especially after 2011 (annual percent change, +6.8% [95% CI, 6.2-7.4]; P<0.001) in men (AAPC, +4.8% [95% CI, 4.4-5.1]; P<0.001), in White subjects (AAPC: +4.2% [95% CI, 3.9 to 4.6]; P<0.001) and in subjects aged <65years (AAPC: +7.5% [95% CI, 6.7-8.4]; P<0.001). The higher percentage of deaths were registered in the South (32.8%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant excess in HF-related deaths among patients with AF aged >65years was observed.CONCLUSIONS: A worrying increase in the HF-related mortality rate among patients with AF has been observed in the United States over the past 2 decades.",
+        "output": "Heart Failure-Related Death in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 1999 to 2020.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The principal curvature (PC) of a freeform surface, as an important indicator of its fundamental features, is frequently used to guide their rationalization in the field of architectural geometry. The division of a surface using its PC lines into principal strips (PSs) is an innovative way to break down a freeform surface for construction. However, the application of PC networks in architectural design is hindered by the difficulty to generate them and flexibly control their density. This paper introduces a method for PS-based reconstruction of freeform surfaces with different umbilical conditions in the early stages of design. An agent-based modeling approach is developed to find the umbilics and increase the degree of control over the spacing of PC lines. This research can effectively expand the application range of PS-based surface reconstruction methods for freeform architectures.",
-        "output": "Agent-Based Principal Strips Modeling for Freeform Surfaces in Architecture",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups.METHODS: Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2017 linked to Area Health Resources Files were used to analyze Medicare fee-for-service patients aged 65 or above with continuous Parts A/B/D coverage. The intervention group included new MTM enrollees in 2017; the control group referred to patients who met the general MTM eligible criteria but did not enroll in 2016 or 2017. The 2 groups were matched using a propensity score method. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of appropriate medication utilization based on performance measures developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Costs were computed as total healthcare costs from Medicare perspective. A multivariable net benefit regressions with a classic linear model and Bayesian analysis were utilized. Net benefit was calculated based on willingness-to-pay thresholds at various multiples of the gross domestic product in 2017. Three-way interaction terms among dummy variables for MTM enrollment, 2017, and racial/ethnic minority groups were incorporated in a difference-in-differences study design.RESULTS: After adjusting for patient characteristics, the findings indicate that MTM receipt was associated with incremental net benefit among each race and ethnicity. For instance, the net benefit of MTM among the non-Hispanic White patients was $2498 (95% confidence interval\u2005=\u2005$1609, $3386) at a willingness-to-pay value of $59,908. The study found no significant difference in net benefits for MTM services between minority and White patients.CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that MTM is a cost-effective tool for managing medication utilization among the Medicare population. However, MTM may not be cost-effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilization in the short term. Further research is needed to understand the long-term cost-effectiveness of MTM on racial/ethnic disparities.",
+        "output": "Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "RBC global strategists are optimistic about the market performance in the year ahead. Sector-wise, analysts maintained an overall positive outlook across sectors, particularly favoring Financials, Materials, Health Care, Energy, and Utilities for performance and valuations. While most sectors view lower interest rates as bullish, Consumer Staples stands out as an exception. The strategists also made the following strategic adjustments:\u201cWe are maintaining our overweight recommendations on Financials, Energy, and Health Care. As noted earlier, our analysts are generally optimistic on the performance outlooks for these sectors and view valuations as favorable. There\u2019s also a lot that we like about these sectors on our strategy work,\u201d the strategists said.In light of these adjustments and broader recommendations, analysts are shifting towards a Value and Defensive bias in their sector outlook. This aligns with RBC\u2019s perspective on challenges faced by the Large Cap Growth trade, marked by crowding and valuation concerns. Instead, analysts see \u201cmore opportunity in the Value oriented parts of the stock market for longer-term investors.\u201d \u201cWe have also been vocal about the possibility of a near-term tactical pullback in the US equity market given elevated readings on our sentiment models,\u201d the strategists concluded.",
-        "output": "RBC strategists are optimistic about the market performance in the year ahead, favoring Financials, Materials, Health Care, Energy, and Utilities for performance and valuations. They are maintaining their overweight recommendations on Financials, Energy, and Health Care, and shifting towards a Value and Defensive bias in their sector outlook.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Interview with Fangyuan Hua, who studies forest biodiversity and conservation at Peking University.",
+        "output": "Fangyuan Hua.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Emotion recognition plays an essential role in human-human interaction since it is a key to understanding the emotional states and reactions of human beings when they are subject to events and engagements in everyday life. Moving towards human-computer interaction, the study of emotions becomes fundamental because it is at the basis of the design of advanced systems to support a broad spectrum of application areas, including forensic, rehabilitative, educational, and many others. An effective method for discriminating emotions is based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data analysis, which is used as input for classification systems. Collecting brain signals on several channels and for a wide range of emotions produces cumbersome datasets that are hard to manage, transmit, and use in varied applications. In this context, the paper introduces the Empatheia system, which explores a different EEG representation by encoding EEG signals into images prior to their classification. In particular, the proposed system extracts spatio-temporal image encodings, or atlases, from EEG data through the Processing and transfeR of Interaction States and Mappings through Image-based eNcoding (PRISMIN) framework, thus obtaining a compact representation of the input signals. The atlases are then classified through the Empatheia architecture, which comprises branches based on convolutional, recurrent, and transformer models designed and tuned to capture the spatial and temporal aspects of emotions. Extensive experiments were conducted on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) public dataset, where the proposed system significantly reduced its size while retaining high performance. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and suggest new avenues for data representation in emotion recognition from EEG signals.",
-        "output": "Spatio-Temporal Image-Based Encoded Atlases for EEG Emotion Recognition",
+        "input": "During parturition and the immediate post-partum period there are two opposite, yet interdependent and intertwined systems that are highly active and play a role in determining lifelong health and behaviour in both the mother and her infant: the stress and the anti-stress (oxytocin) system. Before attempting to understand how the environment around birth determines long-term health trajectories, it is essential to understand how these two systems operate and how they interact. Here, we discuss together the hormonal and neuronal arms of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the oxytocinergic systems and how they interact. Although the HPA axis and glucocorticoid stress axis are well studied, the role of oxytocin as an extremely powerful anti-stress hormone deserves more attention. It is clear that these anti-stress effects depend on oxytocinergic nerves emanating from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and project to multiple sites at which the stress system is regulated. These, include projections to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the PVN, to the anterior pituitary, to areas involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous control, to NA neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), and to CRH neurons in the amygdala. In the context of the interaction between the HPA axis and the oxytocin system birth is a particularly interesting period as, for both the mother and the infant, both systems are very strongly activated within the same narrow time window. Data suggest that the HPA axis and the oxytocin system appear to interact in this early-life period, with effects lasting many years. If mother-child skin-to-skin contact occurs almost immediately postpartum, the effects of the anti-stress (oxytocin) system become more prominent, moderating lifelong health trajectories. There is clear evidence that HPA axis activity during this time is dependent on the balance between the HPA axis and the oxytocin system, the latter being reinforced by specific somatosensory inputs, and this has long-term consequences for stress reactivity.",
+        "output": "The Yin and Yang of the oxytocin and stress systems: opposites, yet interdependent and intertwined determinants of lifelong health trajectories",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HICKSVILLE, N.Y. -   New York Community Bancorp  , Inc. (NYSE:NYCB), the parent company of Flagstar Bank, N.A., has scheduled its fourth quarter earnings release for the period ending December 31, 2023, for the morning of January 31, 2024. The announcement will be made at roughly 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time and will be available on the company's investor relations website.Following the release, a conference call led by President and CEO Thomas R. Cangemi and other executive leaders will take place at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time to discuss the financial results of the fourth quarter. New York Community Bancorp (NASDAQ:CTBI) is among the nation's largest regional banks with $111.2 billion in assets as of September 30, 2023. The company boasts a substantial loan portfolio of $85.9 billion and holds deposits totaling $82.7 billion. It operates Flagstar Bank with 436 branches across various regions and Flagstar Mortgage through a wholesale network of approximately 3,000 third-party mortgage originators.The company claims market-leading positions in several sectors, including multi-family lending, mortgage origination and servicing, and warehouse lending. It is recognized as the second-largest multi-family portfolio lender in the United States and the top lender in the New York City area, focusing on rent-regulated, non-luxury apartment buildings. Flagstar Mortgage ranks as the seventh-largest bank originator of residential mortgages, and the company is also noted as the fifth-largest sub-servicer of mortgage loans nationally, handling 1.6 million accounts. Additionally, it stands as the second-largest mortgage warehouse lender in the country based on total commitments.This financial update is based on a press release statement from New York Community Bancorp, Inc. and does not include any promotional content or subjective claims. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "New York Community Bancorp, Inc. (NYSE:NYCB) will release its fourth quarter earnings for the period ending December 31, 2023, on January 31, 2024, at 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The company has $111.2 billion in assets, $85.9 billion in loans, and $82.7 billion in deposits as of September 30, 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence is important to evidence-based practice. Hence, the application of evidence-based practice requires relevant skills and an understanding of science, which therefore need to be learned and trained during the undergraduate program in physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes, perceived competence, and conditions for a scientific approach among physiotherapy students in Sweden, and to compare attitudes and perceived competence between students in different program years.METHODS: Physiotherapy students from six universities (n=1499) were invited to respond to a digital survey. The survey contained questions regarding attitudes toward science, perceived competence in research interpretations and open comments regarding requirements for a strengthened scientific approach during education. Comparisons between education years were performed with ANOVA/Kruskal\u2012Wallis test (scale outcomes) and logistic regression (binary outcomes).RESULTS: A total of 466 students responded to the survey. In total, 57% (n=266) of the students had a high interest in science. No significant difference in interest in science was found between students in the three program years, but 75% (n=347) reported increased interest during the program. A perceived high ability to understand the structure and performance of scientific studies was reported by 31% (n=144), to evaluate the methodology by 16% (n=72) and to interpret statistical results from scientific studies by 12% (n=55). The lowest perceived competence was reported among students in their second year (p<0.05). A majority of the students (88%; n=410) reported a perceived personal need for strengthened conditions for a scientific approach, with suggested prerequisites during education via increased theoretical and applied understanding of the research.CONCLUSION: Even though this study does not fully cover physiotherapy students at all undergraduate programmes in Sweden, the results support that a scientific approach and training should be strengthened during education to enable physiotherapists to understand and interpret science and to fully apply an evidence-based approach in upcoming clinical practice. Both theoretical and applied knowledge and understanding are needed.",
+        "output": "Scientific approach, attitudes, and perspectives on research among Swedish physiotherapy students-a cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "UTI Asset Management Company on Wednesday reported an 8 per cent decline in profit after tax to Rs 183 crore in the September quarter.It had posted a profit after tax of Rs 200 crore in the same quarter of the preceding fiscal, according to a regulatory filing.The company's total revenue from operations dropped 7 per cent to Rs 404 crore during the quarter under review. In the year-ago period, the same was at Rs 435 crore.For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, UTI Mutual Fund's average assets under management stood at Rs 2.67 lakh crore and it had a market share of 5.68 per cent.Imtaiyazur Rahman, Chief Executive Officer of UTI AMC, said the Indian mutual fund industry has constantly worked towards building financial literacy in the country for creating awareness about various products and in enabling investors to make informed investment decisions.\"With our growing geographical and digital reach in the country and our expertise in investment management combined with a large suite of products, UTI is well placed to capitalise on the opportunities offered by the markets,\" he added.UTI AMC is the investment manager of UTI Mutual Fund.",
-        "output": "UTI Asset Management Company reported an 8% decline in profit after tax to Rs 183 crore in Q3FY23 due to a 7% drop in total revenue to Rs 404 crore. UTI Mutual Fund's average assets under management stood at Rs 2.67 lakh crore with a market share of 5.68%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this study, we compare the patterns of demographic changes in populations from Northwest Patagonia and central-south Chile throughout the Late Pleistocene-Holocene obtained from absolute dates with those resulting from molecular genealogies. We have found that temporal distributions of frequencies of absolute dates constitute a more sensitive demographic indicator than molecular data to make inferences at small spatial scales in the region. Moreover, even though the latter has proven to be very informative about old demographic processes, it represents a less reliable source of information for more recent ones.",
+        "output": "Inferring past demographic changes at different spatial scales in Northwest Patagonia and central-south Chile: Comparing absolute dates with molecular data",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) While edtech major Byju's has recently made headlines for all the wrong reasons, the company-owned Aakash Educational Services has saw its profit increase by 82 per cent to Rs 79.5 crore in FY22. It is a significant improvement for the company as it saw a profit of Rs 43.6 crore in FY21, reports Entrackr.According to its financial statements filed with the Registrar of Companies (RoC), Aakash\u2019s revenue from operations increased 44.56 per cent to Rs 1,421 crore in FY22 from Rs 983 crore in FY21.The institute reported operating revenue of Rs 1,214 crore in FY20, which fell to Rs 983 crore in FY21.Fees earned from students for coaching services accounted for 87.8 per cent of the firm's total revenue, which climbed by 48.4 per cent to Rs 1,282 crore in FY 22.The franchisee model accounted for the remaining income, which increased by 16.8 per cent to Rs 139 crore in FY22, the report noted.Employee benefits, including staff and faculty costs, represented 54 per cent of total expenditure for the year. This cost increased to Rs 723 crore in FY22 from Rs 534 crore in FY21, reflecting a 35.4 per cent increase. Overall expenditure increased by 34.5 per cent to Rs 1332 crore in FY22 from Rs 990 crore in FY21 due to advertising, promotional materials, legal professional fees, information technology, franchise fees, and other overheads, according to the report.In June last year, the edtech major said that Aakash would go public in the next 12 months or in June 2024.Meanwhile, US-based investment firm BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) has once again cut the value of its holding in Byju's, reducing the edtech major's valuation to a mere $1 billion from $22 billion in early 2022. BlackRock, which owns less than 1 per cent of Byju's, has valued its shares at about $209.6 apiece, down from the peak of $4,660 in 2022, reports TechCrunch.--IANSshs/vd",
-        "output": "Aakash Educational Services, owned by Byju's, saw an 82% profit increase to Rs 79.5 crore in FY22, with revenue rising 44.56% to Rs 1,421 crore, despite Byju's recent controversies.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Primatologist who brought animals and humans a little closer.",
+        "output": "Frans de Waal (1948-2024).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Emotion is a human sense that can influence an individual's life quality in both positive and negative ways. The ability to distinguish different types of emotion can lead researchers to estimate the current situation of patients or the probability of future disease. Recognizing emotions from images have problems concealing their feeling by modifying their facial expressions. This led researchers to consider Electroencephalography (EEG) signals for more accurate emotion detection. However, the complexity of EEG recordings and data analysis using conventional machine learning algorithms caused inconsistent emotion recognition. Therefore, utilizing hybrid deep learning models and other techniques has become common due to their ability to analyze complicated data and achieve higher performance by integrating diverse features of the models. However, researchers prioritize models with fewer parameters to achieve the highest average accuracy. This study improves the Convolutional Fuzzy Neural Network (CFNN) for emotion recognition using EEG signals to achieve a reliable detection system. Initially, the pre-processing and feature extraction phases are implemented to obtain noiseless and informative data. Then, the CFNN with modified architecture is trained to classify emotions. Several parametric and comparative experiments are performed. The proposed model achieved reliable performance for emotion recognition with an average accuracy of 98.21% and 98.08% for valence (pleasantness) and arousal (intensity), respectively, and outperformed state-of-the-art methods.",
-        "output": "Detecting emotions through EEG signals based on modified convolutional fuzzy neural network.",
+        "input": "Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe disasters through their strong surface winds. During the entire lifespan of an EEC, there is a maximum value of its surface wind (i.e. the maximum surface wind; MSW), which processes the greatest destructive power. After nearly a century of research on the EECs, key features about their MSWs still remain vague. In this study, we systematically investigate the EECs' MSWs over the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is found that, the average intensity of EECs' MSWs shows a significant increasing trend of similar to 0.3 m s-1 per 10a. More importantly, for the last 20 years, even larger increasing rates of 1.5 m s-1 and 3.5 m s-1 per 10a are found in the average and maximum intensities of the EECs' MSWs, respectively, implying the EECs' risks increase notably for the NAST. We further clarify the physical mechanisms governing the production of EECs' MSWs, and then establish a mechanism-based statistical model, which has the potential to predict the MSWs' annual average intensity. In summary, our study fills a knowledge gap for the EECs' MSWs, which would have broad implication of the economics and society.",
+        "output": "Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ORLANDO, FL - Laser Photonics Corporation (NASDAQ:LASE), a prominent developer of CleanTech laser systems, has announced receiving a new order from Ship Point Machine Co. for its laser cleaning technology. The system in question, the CleanTech LPC-1000-CTHS, is designed to provide a safe and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cleaning methods used in maritime and manufacturing sectors.Ship Point Machine Co., headquartered in Hollywood, Maryland, specializes in engineering services including sheet metal fabrication. The company plans to leverage LPC's technology to expand its commercial market reach and enhance its service offerings, particularly for its maritime and federal government clients.The CleanTech LPC-1000-CTHS is noted for its fully operator-safe technology, which allows for easy operation without the risks associated with hazardous substances typically involved in conventional cleaning processes. This aligns with the increasing market demand for non-abrasive and environmentally sustainable cleaning methods that also offer cost and time efficiency.Laser Photonics aims to transform the traditional sand and abrasives blasting markets with its laser technologies, focusing on applications such as surface cleaning, rust removal, and de-painting. The information provided in this article is based on a press release statement from Laser Photonics Corporation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Laser Photonics Corporation (NASDAQ:LASE) has received an order from Ship Point Machine Co. for its CleanTech LPC-1000-CTHS laser cleaning technology, which provides a safe and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cleaning methods in maritime and manufacturing sectors. The technology is designed to transform the traditional sand and abrasives blasting markets with its laser technologies, focusing on applications such as surface cleaning, rust removal, and de-painting.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Despite widespread support for integrated service delivery (ISD), the challenges of making ISD a sustainable feature of the public sector remain unresolved. This article offers new insights to this persistent challenge by developing a novel theoretical framework, inspired by the perspective of institutional complexity, and applying it to the case of Danish job centers. We demonstrate how the contradictory and layered nature of governance arrangements simultaneously pose demands of service integration and -separation on the job centers. Consequently, the job center managers can neither prioritize one of the demands nor blend them into hybrid practices. Instead, their attempts to further ISD remain inherently temporary-as they are continuously forced to reverse back to old organizational boundaries, to oscillate between work processes supporting service integration and service separation, and to rebuild collaborative relations. The managers are thus caught in a frenetic standstill, which hinders the sustainable organizing of ISD.",
+        "output": "Caught in a standstill-The unresolved challenges of integrated service delivery in public organizations",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 India equities were lower at the close on Tuesday, as losses in the Real Estate, Power and IT sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in NSE, the Nifty 50 fell 0.29%, while the BSE Sensex 30 index fell 0.27%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Nifty 50 were  Bharat Petroleum  Corp. Ltd. (NS:BPCL), which rose 2.73% or 12.55 points to trade at 472.50 at the close.  Tata Steel  Ltd (NS:TISC) added 1.67% or 2.25 points to end at 137.15 and  ITC  Ltd (NS:ITC) was up 1.58% or 7.40 points to 475.00 in late trade.Biggest losers included Divi's Laboratories Ltd. (NS:DIVI), which lost 2.11% or 82.60 points to trade at 3,827.00 in late trade.  HCL Technologies  Ltd (NS:HCLT) declined 1.91% or 30.35 points to end at 1,557.85 and  Wipro Ltd  (NS:WIPR) shed 1.86% or 9.20 points to 485.40.The top performers on the BSE Sensex 30 were Tata Steel Ltd (BO:TISC) which rose 1.70% to 137.25, Titan Company Ltd (BO:TITN) which was up 1.54% to settle at 3,816.50 and Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. (BO:MRTI) which gained 1.13% to close at 10,200.00.The worst performers were Wipro Ltd (BO:WIPR) which was down 1.93% to 485.00 in late trade, HCL Technologies Ltd (BO:HCLT) which lost 1.87% to settle at 1,558.00 and NTPC Ltd (BO:NTPC) which was down 1.84% to 311.55 at the close.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 1477 to 663 and 29 ended unchanged; on the Bombay Stock Exchange, 2406 fell and 1307 advanced, while 82 ended unchanged on the India National Stock Exchange. The India VIX, which measures the implied volatility of Nifty 50 options, was down 1.54% to 13.57.In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was down 0.39% or 8.10 to $2,043.50 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in March rose 0.89% or 0.65 to hit $73.44 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract rose 1.27% or 0.99 to trade at $79.14 a barrel.USD/INR was up 0.31% to 83.11, while EUR/INR fell 0.29% to 90.46.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.80% at 102.97.",
-        "output": "Indian equities declined on Tuesday, led by losses in real estate, power, and IT sectors, with the Nifty 50 and BSE Sensex 30 indices falling by 0.29% and 0.27%, respectively. The top gainers were Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd., Tata Steel Ltd, and ITC Ltd, while Divi's Laboratories Ltd., HCL Technologies Ltd, and Wipro Ltd were the biggest losers.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Prepandemic routine use of facial (respiratory and eye) protective equipment (FPE) by health care workers was suboptimal. Understanding factors affecting routine use would facilitate escalation to high level use during infectious disease emergencies. This study explored health care workers FPE-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.METHODS: Mixed methods were used in a respiratory ward and adult and pediatric emergency departments (EDs), prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design and thematic analysis were based on the theoretical domains framework. Emergent themes were categorized, using the COM-B behavior model, into capability(C), opportunity(O) and motivation(M), which influence behavior(B).RESULTS: 22 emergent themes, representing factors influencing FPE use, were mapped to theoretical domains framework domains. Personal experience and departmental cultures influenced motivation. Compared with respiratory ward staff, ED clinicians were less knowledgeable about FPE; the unique ED environment and culture inhibited opportunities and motivation for FPE use. Eye protection was infrequently used.DISCUSSION: Optimal FPE use is challenged by ED care models and settings. Changes are needed to translate pandemic-related improvements into routine care of other respiratory infections.CONCLUSIONS: This study identified key determinants of FPE behavior. A review of context-specific FPE guidance for ED by infection prevention and control professionals would help to promote practicable, sustainable compliance.",
+        "output": "Hospital health care workers' use of facial protective equipment before the COVID-19 pandemic, implications for future policy.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
-        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
+        "input": "Visual Odometry (VO) is vital for the navigation of autonomous systems, providing accurate position and orientation estimates at reasonable costs. While traditional VO methods excel in some conditions, they struggle with challenges like variable lighting and motion blur. Deep learning-based VO, though more adaptable, can face generalization problems in new environments. Addressing these drawbacks, this letter presents a novel hybrid visual odometry (VO) framework that leverages pose-only supervision, offering a balanced solution between robustness and the need for extensive labeling. We propose two cost-effective and innovative designs: a self-supervised homographic pre-training for enhancing optical flow learning from pose-only labels and a random patch-based salient point detection strategy for more accurate optical flow patch extraction. These designs eliminate the need for dense optical flow labels for training and significantly improve the generalization capability of the system in diverse and challenging environments. Our pose-only supervised method achieves competitive performance on standard datasets and greater robustness and generalization ability in extreme and unseen scenarios, even compared to dense optical flow-supervised state-of-the-art methods.",
+        "output": "Salient Sparse Visual Odometry With Pose-Only Supervision",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper is about the concept of semantically closed languages. Roughly speaking, those are languages which can name their own sentences and apply to them semantic predicates, such as the truth or satisfaction predicates. Hence, they are self-referential languages, in the sense that they are capable of producing sentences about themselves or other sentences in the same language. In section one, we introduce the concept informally; in section two, we provide the formal definition of first-order semantically closed languages, which is the Tarskian definition with some technical modifications. Then, we construct a semantic for this kind of language, and prove that the language is indeed semantically closed (according to Definition 1). Finally, we discuss whether the logic underlying the construction is classical, and future goals of this research.",
-        "output": "On a First-Order Bi-Sorted Semantically Closed Language",
+        "input": "Submarine fans play a crucial role in understanding deep-sea sedimentary processes, establishing source-to-sink linkages, and identifying deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs. Various types of submarine fans have been documented. Here we present findings on the Guangya submarine fan in the Southwest subbasin (SWSB) of the South China Sea (SCS), by analyzing multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional multichannel seismic data. Bathymetric data reveal that the Guangya fan, covering an area of similar to 22,500 km(2), comprises seven leveed channels, leading to a large composite lobe off the channel mouths. Different from typical submarine fans, the Guangya fan exhibits an elongated shape, extending longitudinally from the shelf edge through the slope to the abyssal plain, while laterally confined within a trough-like morphology in the southwestern tip of the SWSB and beyond. Lacking a typical feeding canyon, the fan appears to be self-fed by the leveed channels that serve as the primary depositional element. In contrast to the radial channel pattern in typical fans, the channels within the Guangya fan form a unique braid to dendritic pattern, genetically linked to channel merging and intersecting effects. Long wavelength and low wave height cyclic steps are identified, highlighting the occurrence of energetic supercritical turbidity currents. Seismic stratigraphic analysis shows that the Guangya fan primarily consists of highamplitude reflections, indicating its coarser-grained or sandy turbidite-dominated nature. The fan has been evolved since the Pliocene, and mainly comprises depositional elements including channel fills, levees, lobes, and mass transport deposits. The specific tectonic context at the convergence of the conjugate margins, bounding the funnel-shaped SWSB, significantly influences the development of the Guangya fan. The Guangya fan could be originated from a shelf-edge staging area predominantly fed by the Mekong River during sea-level lowstands.",
+        "output": "The Guangya submarine fan in the South China Sea: A distinctive channelized slope-through fan",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper theorizes and defends a process I term hermeneutical bastardization. This concept tracks the way in which some hermeneutical injustices arise not from a gap in a shared pool of hermeneutical resources, but from the decontextualization of an advantageous hermeneutical resource into another (typically dominant) hermeneutical domain. This decontextualization bastardizes hermeneutical resources by severing the concept from its original meaning and significance. I focus on the term trans woman and examine the way in which dominant epistemic agents rewrite and redefine the concept according to prominent and prevalent pernicious representations. Specifically, once decontextualized, the term trans woman denotes an individual who is thoroughly erotic and sexual in nature. Hermeneutical bastardization can illuminate how hermeneutically marginalized groups are reconstructed by other dominant epistemic agents according to these pernicious representations and can be silenced whilst their concepts, or rather their terms, are being utilized in sets of dominant hermeneutical resources in ways that severely diverge from their original intra-communal conceptualization. This type of hermeneutical injustice does not arise from a lacuna in our set of resources, but instead depends on the uptake of a concept's term and its subsequent decontextualization.",
-        "output": "Concepts and Contexts: Towards a Theory of Hermeneutical Bastardization",
+        "input": "A 7-year-and-8-month-old, male degu (Octodon degus) with anorexia, depression, and labored breathing was found to have a thoracic effusion and enlargement of the right testis on radiographic examination. Despite treatment, the animal died. At necropsy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and multifocal nodules on the intestinal serosa and mesentery were observed. Histologically, the foci were densely cellular invasive neoplasms composed of sheets of round to polygonal cells, with occasional multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunopositive for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, human leukocyte antigen-DR, and CD204. These findings were consistent with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma.",
+        "output": "Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a degu (Octodon degus).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "COEUR D'ALENE, Idaho - Hecla Mining Company (NYSE:HL) has announced preliminary production figures for the fourth quarter and full year of 2023, highlighting a marginal increase in silver production and a decline in gold production. The company's silver output for the year reached 14.3 million ounces, slightly surpassing the 2022 figure of 14.2 million ounces. This increase came despite a temporary halt in operations at the Lucky Friday mine, which ceased production in August 2023 due to a fire.Gold production, on the other hand, saw a 14% decrease as the Casa Berardi mine began its transition to an open-pit operation. Conversely, the Greens Creek mine reported a 26% increase in gold production.The Lucky Friday mine has commenced its restart on Monday, with expectations to achieve full production within the first quarter of 2024. The company anticipates receiving insurance payments during this period as well.At Keno Hill, a total of 1.5 million ounces of silver were produced in 2023, with the Bermingham deposit reaching its highest mined tonnage in December. Hecla has initiated a safety plan to strengthen operations at the mine.Casa Berardi's gold production for the year stood at 90,363 ounces, a 29% decrease from the previous year, attributed to wildfires in June and reduced underground mining as it shifts to surface operations.The company's production summary revealed that the fourth quarter of 2023 saw a 17% decrease in silver production and a 5% decrease in gold production compared to the third quarter. Lead and zinc production also fell by 36% and 15%, respectively.Hecla Mining, established in 1891, is the largest silver producer in the United States, with operations in Alaska, Idaho, Quebec, and Yukon. The company is focusing on a growth strategy with the aim to produce up to 20 million ounces of silver by 2025, capitalizing on silver's essential role in energy transition and solar electricity generation.This report is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Hecla Mining Company reported a slight increase in silver production to 14.3 million ounces in 2023, despite a temporary halt at the Lucky Friday mine due to a fire. Gold production declined by 14% to 190,363 ounces due to the transition of the Casa Berardi mine to open-pit operations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Importance: Dietary supplements for weight loss, among the most popular supplement products on the market, are promoted not only for losing weight and shedding fat, but also for added benefits of energy and performance, all packed into 1 capsule with multiple combinations of ingredients. Fraudulent marketing of weight loss supplements, some with exaggerated claims, some that are potentially dangerous, and some that contain illegal ingredients, is ever present, especially through online sources, where multiple manufacturers target service members by offering military discounts.Objectives: To examine whether select dietary supplements marketed online for weight loss from companies advertising military discounts are accurately labeled according to the Supplement Facts listed ingredients, whether they contain any ingredients prohibited for use in the military, and to qualitatively describe the products' label claims.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this case series, 30 dietary supplement products marketed for weight loss were selected and purchased in June 2023 from 12 online companies advertising military discounts. Data were analyzed from July to August 2023.Main Outcomes and Measures: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify whether products were accurately labeled according to the Supplement Facts listed ingredients and whether they contained any substances on the DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List. A separate analysis was conducted to describe product label claims by using the Operation Supplement Safety (OPSS) Risk Assessment Scorecard.Results: Of the 30 products tested, analysis showed that 25 had inaccurate labels. Of these, 24 had ingredients listed on the label that were not detected (misbranded); 7 had hidden components not present on the label, some of which would be considered adulterated; and 10 had substances on the DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List either on or hidden from the label. All products were rated as risky when applying the OPSS Scorecard.Conclusions and Relevance: In this case series study, the majority of products had inaccurate labels. Some were misbranded, others would be considered adulterated with ingredients not allowed in dietary supplements, and some contained ingredients prohibited for use in the military.",
+        "output": "Label Accuracy of Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Marketed Online With Military Discounts.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: As a recognized win-win-win approach to international debt relief, Debt-to-Health(D2H)has successfully translated debt repayments into investments in health-related projects. Although D2H has experienced modifications and periodic suspension, it has been playing an increasingly important role in resource mobilization in public health, particularly for low-and middle-income countries deep in debt.MAIN TEXT: D2H, as a practical health financing instrument, is not fully evidenced and gauged by academic literature though. We employed a five-step scoping review methodology. After posing questions, we conducted comprehensive literature searches across three databases and one official website to identify relevant studies.We also supplemented our research with expert interviews. Through this review and interviews, we were able to define the concept and structure of D2H, identify stakeholders, and assess its current shortcomings. Finally, we proposed relevant countermeasures and suggestions.CONCLUSION: This paper examines the D2H project's implementation structure and influencing variables, as well as the current research plan's limitations, with a focus on the role health funding institutions have played during the project's whole life. Simultaneously, it examines the interdependencies between debtor nations, creditor nations, and health financing establishments, establishing the groundwork for augmenting and revamping D2H within the ever-changing worldwide context of health development assistance.",
-        "output": "Redefining Debt-to-Health, a triple-win health financing instrument in global health.",
+        "input": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001652.].",
+        "output": "Erratum: Exploring Communication about Fall Risk and Prevention between Internal Medicine Residents and Geriatric Patients: A Needs Assessment: Erratum.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Unity Software Inc.'s (U) announcement that it will lay off approximately 25% of its workforce, or 1,800 jobs, is a \"necessary reset,\" according to analysts on Tuesday. Unity's shares closed over 3% higher on Monday, while they are down just over 1% premarket Tuesday. Jefferies analysts said the workforce reduction is painful but necessary, with interim CEO Jim Whitehurst taking \"the right approach to hit reset and restore the business back to health.\"\"A RIF of 25% is at the higher end of job reductions that we've seen,\" wrote analysts. \"While painful, we believe this is the right approach to align the company with the reality of the demand environment.\"Analysts added that the move will help Unity improve its profitability in the long term. They also stated that they think Whitehurst is already having a positive impact on the business and will help rejuvenate the company back to health, \"even though it may get sicker before it gets better.\" Elsewhere, JMP Securities analysts said they estimate Unity cost savings could be worth nearly $400 million in annualized operating expenses when taking recent RIFs and the disclosed or implied cost savings into account. \"We believe recent software RIFs were more sales force focused, which likely depresses the average below, compared to engineers who were let go,\" said analysts.",
-        "output": "Unity Software Inc. (U) announced layoffs of 1,800 employees (25% of its workforce) to improve profitability and align with demand. Analysts believe this move will save Unity $400 million in annual operating expenses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation are predictors of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known about the coexposures and relative contributions of TyG index and inflammation to cardiovascular diseases. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted longitudinal analyses to evaluate the joint and mutual associations of the TyG index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older Chinese population.METHODS: This study comprised 8 658 participants aged at least 45years from the CHARLS 2011 who are free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)*fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Cardiovascular events were defined as the presence of physician-diagnosed heart disease and/or stroke followed until 2018.We performed adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and mediation analyses.RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 58.6\u00b19.0years, and 3988 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0years, 2606 (30.1%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 2012 (23.2%) cases of heart diseases and 848 (9.8%) cases of stroke. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (<8.6 [median level]) and hsCRP<1mg/L, those concurrently with a higher TyG and hsCRP had the highest risk of overall cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.300; 95% CI 1.155-1.462), coronary heart disease (aHR, 1.294; 95% CI 1.130-1.481) and stroke (aHR, 1.333; 95% CI 1.093-1.628), which were predominant among those aged 70years or below. High hsCRP significantly mediated 13.4% of the association between the TyG index and cardiovascular disease, while TyG simultaneously mediated 7.9% of the association between hsCRP and cardiovascular risk.CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the coexposure effects and mutual mediation between the TyG index and hsCRP on cardiovascular diseases. Joint assessments of the TyG index and hsCRP should be underlined for the residual risk stratification and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially for middle-aged adults.",
+        "output": "Joint association of TyG index and high sensitivity C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health.RESULT: Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55% (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30% vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (beta: 0.76, p<0.01) and social (beta: 0.5, p<0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can see at least 3 trees from home meeting one (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p<0.05) or two (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p<0.01; OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p<0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30% vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n=511, beta: 0.46-0.51, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met.",
-        "output": "Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule.",
+        "input": "The steam generators (SGs) of CANadian Deuterium Uranium nuclear reactors require periodic inspections to ensure their safe operation. Eddy current (EC) testing is the primary method by which the SG tubes are inspected. Many conditions in the SG tubes affect the EC response, such as fretting, pitting, cracking, as well as tube expansion, and the presence of tubesheet and support structures. When two or more of these parameters overlap, the EC signals from degradation induced wall losses are frequently difficult to interpret because these wall loss signals are often distorted due to interference with background signal variations. In this paper, a novel analytical model that describes the impedance of a bobbin coil with a plate encircling an arbitrary number of cylindrical conductors is developed. The model is validated against finite element method modelling and experiment. This model can be used to simulate the main probe response, while inspecting SG tubes near the tubesheet and support structures and thereby, provides the potential to separate out smaller flaw responses.",
+        "output": "Analytical model of eddy current bobbin coil probe responses at support plates in steam generator and heat exchanger tubes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In contemporary society, the reverse osmosis (RO) process is important for water treatment and reuse industry. However, membrane fouling remains a challenging issue during operation. To date, RO system operation mainly relies on the operator's knowledge, and the maintenance is carried out based on schedule or pre-defined criteria due to our limited understanding of RO fouling in real applications. To better understand the process and enable system optimization, an integrated data-driven coupled with adsorption model has been proposed in this study. The data-driven model calibrates the mechanistic model and predicts future values, while the adsorption model provides predictions on transmembrane pressure (TMP). By integrating these two models, an accurate prediction with high robustness and an insight into the detailed fouling mechanisms in real plants were achieved. In addition to the model itself, multiple regression analysis (MRA) had also been applied to identify the dominant fouling mechanisms. This analysis confirms that it is highly possible that membrane fouling is developed from an intermediate pore blockage to cake filtration.",
-        "output": "Prediction of reverse osmosis membrane fouling in water reuse by integrated adsorption and data-driven models",
+        "input": "Studies of the determinants of emigration from Europe from 1850 to 1913 include the gains to migrants but often neglect the costs. One component of those costs is earnings forgone on the voyage. In this paper, I present new data on the voyage times for emigrants from the UK traveling to the United States and to Australia. Between 1853-7 and 1909-13 the voyage time from Liverpool to New York fell from 38 days to just 8 days (or 79 per cent). Over the same years, the emigrant voyage to Sydney fell by more in absolute terms, from 105 days to 46, but by less in relative terms (56 per cent). Differences in profiles of travel times are explained with a focus on the transition from sailing to steam ships and (for Australia) the use of the Suez Canal. Data series for fare prices and foregone wage costs during transit are combined to create new series on the 'total' cost of emigrant voyages. Econometric analysis of the determinants of UK emigration to the United States, Canada, and Australia supports the view that time costs mattered.",
+        "output": "Emigrant voyages from the UK to North America and Australasia, 1853-1913",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of ChargePoint Holdings (NYSE:CHPT) are trending down more than 3% in early trading Thursday morning after the EV charging solutions company announced a strategic reorganization, which includes a12% reduction in the company\u2019s global workforce. The restructuring initiative, designed to enhance financial performance and pave the way for sustained long-term growth, is anticipated to result in around $14 million in restructuring charges. This comprises approximately $10 million in severance and related expenses, along with about $4 million in facility-related costs.However, ChargePoint expects the action to result in annual operating expense savings of approximately $33 million.\u201cAs part of a comprehensive business evaluation in my new position as CEO, today we have taken the difficult decision to reorganize our global workforce,\u201d said CEO Rick Wilmer.Analysts viewed the announcement as \u201cmodestly positive\u201d, reiterating their Hold rating on company shares with a $3 price target.\u201cAfter a thorough review of our business strategy and product roadmap, we are heightening our focus on execution, operational excellence, and improved efficiencies while we continue with our industry-leading innovation.\u201d Added Wilmer.Stifel currently expects that non-GAAP operating expenses will decrease to approximately $78 million in the fourth quarter of FY24, compared to $81 million in the third quarter of FY24 and $85 million in the first quarter of FY24.Shares of CHPT are down 3.35% in mid-day trading on Thursday.",
-        "output": "ChargePoint Holdings (CHPT) announced a strategic reorganization, including a 12% workforce reduction, to enhance financial performance and pave the way for sustained long-term growth, resulting in $14 million in restructuring charges and $33 million in annual operating expense savings.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The sensitivity of forecast-informed reservoir operating policies to forecast attributes (lead-time and skill) in many-objective water systems has been well-established. However, the viability of forecast-informed operations as a climate change adaptation strategy remains underexplored, especially in many-objective systems with complex trade-offs across interests. Little is known about the relationships between forecast attribute and policy robustness under deep uncertainty in future conditions and the relationships between forecast-informed performance and future hydrologic state. This study explores the sensitivity of forecast-informed policy robustness to forecast lead-time and skill in the outflow management plan of the Lake Ontario basin. We create water supply forecasts at four different subseasonal-to-annual lead-times and two levels of skill and further employ a many-objective evolutionary algorithm to discover policies tailored for each forecast case, historical supply conditions, and six objectives. We also leverage a partnership with decision-makers to identify a subset of candidate policies, which are reevaluated under a large set of plausible hydrologic conditions that reflect stationary and nonstationary climates. Scenario discovery techniques are used to map attributes of future hydrology to forecast-informed policy performance. Results show policy robustness is directly related to forecast lead-time, where policies conditioned on 12-month forecasts were more robust under future hydrology. Policies tailored for noisier long-lead forecasts were more robust under a wide range of plausible futures compared with policies trained to perfect forecasts, which highlights the potential to overfit control policies to historical information, even for a forecast-informed policy with perfect foresight. The relationship between performance and the hydrologic regime is dependent on the complexity of the interactions between control decisions and objectives. A threshold of objective performance as a function of supply conditions can support adaptive management of the system. However, more complex interactions make it difficult to identify simple hydrologic indicators that can serve as triggers for dynamic management.",
+        "output": "Influence of Subseasonal-to-Annual Water Supply Forecasts on Many-Objective Water System Robustness under Long-Term Change",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BILLERICA, Mass. - Entegris, Inc. (NASDAQ:ENTG), a global supplier of materials and process solutions to the semiconductor and high-tech industries, announced it will present its fourth-quarter 2023 financial results during a webcast on February 14, 2024. Entegris, known for its contribution to the high-tech manufacturing sector, employs approximately 9,000 people worldwide. The company operates with an ISO 9001 certification and maintains a presence in key global markets, including manufacturing and research facilities across North America, Asia, and Europe.The upcoming webcast will offer stakeholders and interested parties an opportunity to gain insights into the company's performance during the last quarter of 2023. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Entegris, a global supplier of materials and process solutions to the semiconductor and high-tech industries, will present its fourth-quarter 2023 financial results during a webcast on February 14, 2024. The company employs approximately 9,000 people worldwide and operates with an ISO 9001 certification.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "It is some 50 years since the first published reports appeared of ex vivo preservation of organs for transplantation. Over the intervening decades, organ preservation strategies have become one essential component of world-wide clinical transplant services. In the formative years, translational research in organ hypothermic preservation was grappling with the questions about whether static or dynamic storage was preferable, and the practical implications of those choices. Those studies were also informing the newly expanding clinical transplant services. During the middle years, both preservation modalities were practiced by individual group choices. By the 2000s, the shift in donor demographics demanded a re-evaluation of organ preservation strategies, and now a new era of research and development is promoting adoption of new technologies. In this review we outline many important academic studies which have contributed to this successful history, and give profile to the increasing innovative approaches which are being evaluated for the future. Doi.org/10.54680/fr24310110112.",
+        "output": "The cold chain delivery of organs for transplantation: from research laboratories and individual enthusiasts to pan- global networks in 50 years.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 11 (IANS) There were 65 lakh online food delivery orders from  Zomato  (NS:ZOMT), Swiggy and others on the New Year's Eve 2023, setting a record and delivering 18 per cent higher volumes than the New Year's Eve 2022, a report showed on Thursday. The average order value (AOV) on the day was also at least 30 per cent higher compared to other days of the year, according to market research firm Redseer Strategy Consultants.\u201cSpike days like the IPL, Cricket World Cups, Diwali, NYE etc. are critical for online food delivery services as customers order more and spend more,\u201d said Abhijit Routray, Associate Partner at Redseer.It is also important for the brands and platforms to be able to serve the increased load on these days as customer experience cannot be hampered on these celebratory occasions, he added.The day started with gross merchandise value (GMV) in breakfast (orders placed between 6 a.m. to 11 a.m.) being 1.5-2 times the daily average of the year.The GMV peaked in the dinner and late-night orders, being 2.5-3 times the average of other days.\u201cAnother dimension to premiumisation was people ordering from premium restaurants to treat themselves on the day,\u201d the report noted.Given the super-normal demand, platforms were able to step up to provide superior customer experience on the day with customers across city tiers expressing high satisfaction with food quality, packaging, delivery time and in-app discounts.--IANSna/prw",
-        "output": "On New Year's Eve 2023, online food delivery orders from Zomato, Swiggy, and others reached a record 65 lakh, an 18% increase from 2022, with an average order value at least 30% higher than usual due to increased demand and premium restaurant orders.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Rationale and Objectives: With the shifting needs of radiologists due to escalating healthcare demands, the impetus for an increased focus on wellness and the benefits of the humanities in medicine inspired a novel approach to curricular planning of the 2023 Association of University Radiologists (AUR) annual meeting. In this manuscript, we describe the creative process behind planning and executing this innovative meeting format. Materials and Methods: Reimagining the annual meeting was a collaborative effort centered around the development of an innovative Arts and Wellness Program, with the goal of integrating opportunities for artistic expression and experiential wellness throughout the meeting. Results: Of the 1313 meeting attendees, 423 (32.2%) completed the annual meeting evaluation, of which 244 were in -person and 61 attended virtually. 178 of 423 respondents (42.1%) participated in the arts and wellness programming. 160 of 203 respondents (78.9%) reported that the arts and wellness programming enhanced the overall meeting experience. 164 of 197 respondents (83.2%) gained greater appreciation for the talents of radiology colleagues. 97 of 195 respondents (49.7%) stated that the programming gave them ideas as to how to cope effectively with stress. Conclusion: The incorporation of art, music, and other wellness activities into a national radiology meeting was well -received by meeting attendees. For many radiologists who participated in the various musical and artistic offerings at the AUR 2023 meeting, sharing artistic talents with the radiology community and colleagues represented the most fundamental way to be fully seen, express authenticity, and connect with others. (c) 2023 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Creativity, Connection, and Community: Reimagining the Radiology Society Meeting",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article considers the morality of children's activism, in particular via participation in political protests. In Section 3 of the article I consider whether children can be competent to engage in activism. I argue that even if we believe children are not competent to vote it will still be true that many children are indeed competent to engage in activism. In Section 4 I consider the wellbeing effects of activism on children. I argue that political activity stands in tension with achieving the intrinsic goods of childhood, meaning there is an important sense in which activism is bad for children. However, I show that these negative outcomes flow from being made aware of the injustices in society, and that for politicised children activism is often highly beneficial.",
-        "output": "The Minors Strike: Reflections on the Limits and Legitimacy of Children's Political Action",
+        "input": "The Russian government has long since engaged in an information campaign of propaganda and disinformation as a major part of foreign policy. This has been taken to new heights since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In this study, we investigate pro-Russian misinformation within the opening weeks of the invasion in 6 languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, and Korean. Using Twitter data, we apply a combination of network and language embedding models to identify popular topics of misinformation amongst users in each language. Despite English users forming the most dominant language base on Twitter, we find that the popularity of misinformation in Japanese regularly outstrips English for certain topics. Misinformation shared by Spanish users is also over-represented in proportion to its much smaller user base. Our results provide insight into the current state of misinformation in each language. While we discuss some of the possible drivers behind the factors such as language over-representation, our study also highlights the need for further cross-lingual misinformation research in order to better understand this phenomena in a truly global context.",
+        "output": "A multilingual analysis of pro Russian misinformation on Twitter during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Gold price climbed Rs 410 to Rs 61,210 per 10 grams in the national capital on Wednesday amid strong cues in the international markets, according to HDFC Securities.The precious metal had closed at Rs 60,800 per 10 grams in the previous trade.Silver also jumped Rs 1,700 to Rs 75,000 per kilogram.\u201cGold prices advanced on Wednesday, with spot gold prices in the Delhi markets trading at Rs 61,210/10 gram, up Rs 410, following a bullish trend in the overseas markets,\u201d Saumil Gandhi, senior analyst of commodities at HDFC Securities.In the global markets, both gold and silver were trading higher at $1,970 per ounce and $23.27 per ounce, respectively.Gold gains after soft US inflation data bolstered the view that the Federal Reserve\u2019s aggressive monetary tightening cycle has ended and traders have raised the bets for a rate cut in the next year,\u201d Gandhi said.In good news for demand, China's economic activity perked up in October as industrial output increased at a faster pace and retail sales growth beat expectations, an encouraging sign for the world's second-largest economy.The International Energy Agency joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) in raising oil demand growth forecasts for this year, despite projections of slower economic growth in many major countries.\"With China being a scapegoat for much of the world's lack of industrial demand, this glimmer of light ought to aid oil's progress but the reluctance is so far winning out,\" John Evans of oil broker PVM said in a note.Downward pressure on oil prices may come from the supply side, with the United States \"likely at peak production for crude,\" while the delayed release of its oil data makes the investment situation more opaque, Evans said.ASK is the largest manufacturer of brake-shoe and advanced braking systems for two-wheelers in India with a market share of about 50 per cent during 2022-23.In its IPO, promoters Kuldip Rathee and Vijay Rathee sold shares worth Rs 834 crore.BS REPORTER",
-        "output": "Gold prices rose by Rs 410 to Rs 61,210 per 10 grams in India due to positive global cues, while silver jumped by Rs 1,700 to Rs 75,000 per kilogram. The increase in gold prices is attributed to a bullish trend in overseas markets and expectations of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper offers an analysis of a group of glazed ceramics that comes from El Tolmo de Minateda site and have been dated in the second half of the ninth century and beginning of the tenth century, before the proclamation of the Umayyad Caliphate by Abderraman III (929 CE). Three technological groups have been distinguished: transparent glazes of one or two colours, transparent polychrome glazes (represented by two pieces) and opaque polychrome glazes (represented by two ceramics) studied by SEM-EDS analysis. After the study, different al-Andalus glaze workshops have been identified as providers of glazed ware to El Tolmo de Minateda site. The initial hypothesis was that the ware consumed in El Tolmo was manufactured in Pechina, the closest early production centre. However, after the archaeometric analysis, it has been discarded, and all the indications of this study seem to point to Cordoba as a significant supplier. The data of this study provides a new perspective on how the internal regional distribution and marketing of goods took place in Al-Andalus during the late Emiral period (c. 875-929 CE), a subject that has yet to be explored.",
+        "output": "Tackling early medieval circulation of glazed ware in Sharq al-Andalus using a multidisciplinary approach: El Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - Shares of global engineering firm Worley fell to $15.64 today after an Ecuadorian tribunal brought forth allegations of public corruption against the company. Worley is currently contemplating an appeal against these accusations. Contrary to claims that the incident could lead to potential damages of up to $713.8 million, the company has projected the financial impact to be around $58 million, denying that the allegations will cause significant financial harm.Previously, in response to inquiries from the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), Worley had denied any involvement in bribery related to its contracts in Ecuador from 2011-2017. The company pointed to a former subcontractor when addressing misconduct allegations. Additionally, Worley is involved in an arbitration case regarding unpaid trade receivables, which is being conducted under the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) rules. The case was made public by the Ecuadorian government.Following the tribunal's decision on December 23rd, Worley informed the stock market of the development on December 27th, once trading resumed after the Christmas break. The company has expressed criticism towards the tribunal for what it considers a breach of confidentiality by disclosing the ruling.As the situation unfolds, Worley is assessing its legal options, including the possibility of appealing the tribunal's decision. The company's management and legal team are closely monitoring the case, prepared to take further action.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Worley's shares fell after an Ecuadorian tribunal alleged public corruption, with the company denying significant financial impact and contemplating an appeal. The tribunal's decision, which Worley claims breached confidentiality, stems from an arbitration case regarding unpaid trade receivables.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Demographic changes, with an increasing number and proportion of older people with multimorbidity and frailty, will put more pressure on home care services in municipalities. Frail multimorbid people receiving home care services are at high risk of developing crises, defined as critical challenges and symptoms, which demand immediate and new actions. The crises often result in adverse events, coercive measures, and acute institutionalisation. There is a lack of evidence-based interventions to prevent and resolve crises in community settings.METHODS: This is a participatory action research design (PAR) in a 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). The trial will be conducted in 30 municipalities, including 150 frail community-dwelling participants receiving home care services judged by the services to be at risk of developing crisis. Each municipality (cluster) will be randomised to receive either the locally adapted TIME intervention (the intervention group) or care as usual (the control group). The Targeted Interdisciplinary Model for Evaluation and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (TIME) is a manual-based, multicomponent programme that includes a rigorous assessment of the crisis, one or more interdisciplinary case conferences, and the testing and evaluation of customised treatment measures. PAR in combination with an RCT will enhance adaptations of the intervention to the local context and needs. The primary outcome is as follows: difference in change between the intervention and control groups in individual goal achievement to resolve or reduce the challenges of the crises between baseline and 3months using the PRACTIC Goal Setting Interview (PGSI). Among the secondary outcomes are the difference in change in the PGSI scale at 6months and in neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs), quality of life, distress perceived by professional carers and next of kin, and institutionalisation at 3 and 6months.DISCUSSION: Through customised interventions that involve patients, the next of kin, the social context, and health care services, crises may be prevented and resolved. The PReventing and Approaching Crises for frail community-dwellingpatients Through Innovative Care (PRACTIC) study will enhance innovation for health professionals, management, and users in the development of new knowledge and a new adapted approach towards crises.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05651659. Registered 15.12.22.",
+        "output": "PReventing and Approaching Crises for frail community-dwelling patients Through Innovative Care (PRACTIC): protocol for an effectiveness cluster randomised controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) India's merchandise exports registered a 0.96 per cent growth in December 2023 at $38.45 billion compared to $38.08 billion in the same month of the preceding year 2022 while imports fell during the month, according to official figures released by the Commerce Ministry on Monday. Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal said that despite a global slowdown, the country is \"in the positive zone\".The overall trade deficit narrowed during the month to $5.17 billion during the month from $7.75 billion in December 2022.Major contributors to export growth in December 2023 include engineering goods, iron ore, gems & jewellery, electronic goods and drugs & pharmaceuticals.Engineering goods exports recorded an increase of 10.19 per cent at $10.04 billion in December, gems and jewellery exports went up by 14.07 per cent to $2.90 while electronic goods exports registered an increase of 14.41 per cent.Exports of drugs and pharmaceutical products rose 9.3 per cent during the month to $2.47 billion.This is also the highest monthly exports for these four commodity groups during the current financial year so far.Agricultural exports continue to grow in December 2023 -- tobacco (38.94 per cent), meat, dairy & poultry products (29.76 per cent), spices (27.68 per cent), fruits & vegetables (25.36 per cent), cereal Preparations & Miscellaneous Processed Items (13.5 per cent) and oil seeds (8.48 per cent).Overall trade deficit during April-December improved by 35.87 per cent from $108.13 billion in 2022 to $69.34 billion in 2023.April-December 2023.he merchandise trade deficit also improved by 11.45 percent from $212.34 billion in April-December 2022 to $188.02 billion in April-December 2023.--IANSpannu/pgh",
-        "output": "India's merchandise exports grew by 0.96% in December 2023 to $38.45 billion, with major contributors being engineering goods, iron ore, gems & jewellery, electronic goods, and drugs & pharmaceuticals. The overall trade deficit narrowed to $5.17 billion during the month, a 35.87% improvement from April-December 2022.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time. Differences accounted for confounders, including race, ethnicity, and history of chronic underlying conditions. Analyses included 73,140 MAAGE episodes from adults and 18,617 from children who were Kaiser Permanente Northwest members during 2014-2016. Total costs were higher for MAAGE cases relative to non-MAAGE comparators as were costs on the day care was sought and costs during follow-up. Costs of MAAGE are substantial relative to the cost of usual-care medical services, and much of the burden accrues during short-term follow-up.",
+        "output": "Economic Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis among Members of Integrated Healthcare Delivery System, United States, 2014-2016.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The global trading system has reached an inflection point. The future of the liberalized, rules-based global world order is in doubt as countries that have for decades preached and practiced policies, which can loosely be defined as embodying the 'Washington Consensus', have started to backtrack. Free and fair trade is no longer the mantra as governments embrace industrial policy, protectionism, national security, risk management, and managed trade. Perhaps the most surprising adherent of the reversal is the US, whose embrace of what has been termed a 'modern American industrial strategy' runs counter to traditional American views and norms. While David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage still holds true, it has certainly fallen out of fashion. Where it leads remains unknown - caveat emptor. This article analyses President Joe Biden's industrial policy and its implications as well as shifts that have occurred as a result of the pandemic, geopolitical competition, and other recent global events.",
-        "output": "The Demise of Globalization and Rise of Industrial Policy: Caveat Emptor",
+        "input": "Some video games are said to be philosophical. Despite video games having received some attention in academic philosophy, that contention has not been sufficiently addressed. This paper investigates in what sense video games might be properly called philosophical. To this end, I utilize Wittgenstein's distinction between saying and showing to get into view how some video games might be properly called philosophical. This leads to two senses of being philosophical: a conventional sense of expressing philosophy through propositions, i.e., through saying, and a sense of being genuinely philosophical by expressing philosophical thought through showing. I argue that the conventional sense is not sufficient to call video games philosophical, leaving the question whether there are video games which satisfy the conditions of being genuinely philosophical. I furthermore contend that there are at least some examples of video games which qualify as being philosophical, e.g., Papers, Please and The Stanley Parable.",
+        "output": "Can video games be philosophical?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
-        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
+        "input": "For multi-modal image processing, network interpretability is essential due to the complicated dependency across modalities. Recently, a promising research direction for interpretable network is to incorporate dictionary learning into deep learning through unfolding strategy. However, the existing multi-modal dictionary learning models are both single-layer and single-scale, which restricts the representation ability. In this paper, we first introduce a multi-scale multi-modal convolutional dictionary learning ((MCDL)-C-2) model, which is performed in a multi-layer strategy, to associate different image modalities in a coarse-to-fine manner. Then, we propose a unified framework namely DeepM(2)CDL derived from the (MCDL)-C-2 model for both multi-modal image restoration (MIR) and multi-modal image fusion (MIF) tasks. The network architecture of DeepM(2)CDL fully matches the optimization steps of the (MCDL)-C-2 model, which makes each network module with good interpretability. Different from handcrafted priors, both the dictionary and sparse feature priors are learned through the network. The performance of the proposed DeepM(2)CDL is evaluated on a wide variety of MIR and MIF tasks, which shows the superiority of it over many state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. In addition, we also visualize the multi-modal sparse features and dictionary filters learned from the network, which demonstrates the good interpretability of the DeepM(2)CDL network.",
+        "output": "DeepM2CDL: Deep Multi-Scale Multi-ModalConvolutional Dictionary Learning Network",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.",
-        "output": "Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education.",
+        "input": "With the oceans covering 70% of the world's surface, one might be under the illusion that every State might find sufficient space for their activities, nothing could be further from the truth. This was proven once more in January 2022 and August 2023 when Russian vessels sought to engage in military exercises within strategic areas of the Irish and Norwegian exclusive economic zones (EEZs), choosing some of the local fishermen's preferred locations in the process. Unlike their governments, the local fishermen refused to accept the Russian intrusions and via continuous protest through presence succeeded in forcing the Russian Navy to move the exercises to another area. This example is proof that to this day, the legal framework of the EEZ still gives rise to significant questions and uncertainties, often to the benefit of lawfare lawyers, especially in regards to foreign military activities and overlapping uses of the same area. Art. 56 LOSC awards sovereign resource rights to the coastal State, but arts. 58 and 87 LOSC grant the maritime user State the freedom to navigate. How to reconcile these different uses has for a long time occupied the minds of law of the sea lawyers. In this article, an attempt is made utilizing a selection of national and international jurisprudence - to clarify the relation between these different uses of the EEZ, their permissibility and why the fishermen's success in these cases might not so easily be translated into general international law.",
+        "output": "A new cold war at sea: Fishing rights vs. the proliferation of military activities in the EEZ",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective teaching methods are needed to improve students' abilities in hand-eye coordination and understanding of cardiac anatomy in echocardiography education. Simulation devices have emerged as innovative teaching tools and exhibited distinctive advantages due to their ability to provide vivid and visual learning experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education.METHODS: The study included 18 first-year clinical medical students with no prior echocardiography training. After randomization, they underwent a pre-test to assess basic knowledge. Following this, the students were divided into two groups: traditional teaching (traditional group) and simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound (digital group). Each group received 60min of instruction. Post-tests were assigned to students at two different time points: immediately after the lecture, and one week later (referred to as post-tests 1, and 2). In addition, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to students after class to investigate their satisfaction with teaching.RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in their scores on post-test 1 compared to pre-test (traditional group: from 33.1\u00b18.8 to 48.1\u00b113.1, P=0.034 vs. digital group: from 35.0\u00b16.7 to 58.0\u00b113.2, P=0.008). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in several post-test comparisons. Student satisfaction ratings revealed that the digital group experienced significantly greater satisfaction in areas such as subject interest, teaching style, course alignment, and interaction compared to the traditional group. Additionally, 80% of the digital group strongly endorsed the use of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound for echocardiography teaching, highlighting its effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: Simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound may improve students' understanding of echocardiography and satisfaction with the course. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of simulation teaching devices in medical education. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of this teaching method on students' learning outcomes and its integration into the medical curriculum.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300074015, 27/07/2023).",
-        "output": "The effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education: a pilot randomized controlled trial.",
+        "input": "As point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly being used in clinical settings, ultrasound education is expanding into student curricula. We aimed to determine the status and awareness of POCUS education in Korean medical schools using a nationwide cross-sectional survey. In October 2021, a survey questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was distributed via e-mail to professors in the emergency medicine (EM) departments of Korean medical schools. The questionnaire encompassed 19 multiple-choice questions covering demographics, current education, perceptions, and barriers, and the final question was an open-ended inquiry seeking suggestions for POCUS education. All EM departments of the 40 medical schools responded, of which only 13 (33%) reported providing POCUS education. The implementation of POCUS education primarily occurred in the third and fourth years, with less than 4 hours of dedicated training time. Five schools offered a hands-on education. Among schools offering ultrasound education, POCUS training for trauma cases is the most common. Eight schools had designated professors responsible for POCUS education and only 2 possessed educational ultrasound devices. Of the respondents, 64% expressed the belief that POCUS education for medical students is necessary, whereas 36%, including those with neutral opinions, did not anticipate its importance. The identified barriers to POCUS education included faculty shortages (83%), infrastructure limitations (76%), training time constraints (74%), and a limited awareness of POCUS (29%). POCUS education in Korean medical schools was limited to a minority of EM departments (33%). To successfully implement POCUS education in medical curricula, it is crucial to clarify learning objectives, enhance faculty recognition, and improve the infrastructure. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing ultrasound training in medical schools to ensure the provision of high-quality POCUS education for future healthcare professionals.",
+        "output": "Status and perception of point-of-care ultrasound education in Korean medical schools: A national cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The key to controlling environmental pollution is to promote green innovation in relevant enterprises and achieve a healthy development of the environmental governance system. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of environmental protection enterprises, polluting enterprises, and governments, and conducts in-depth research on the influencing factors that promote green innovation in two types of enterprises. MATLAB software is used to analyze the impact of different degrees of influencing variables on system evolution. It has found that (1) increasing the intensity of environmental governance and the level of innovation subsidies by the government can effectively promote green innovation in both types of enterprises. (2) The varying degrees of innovation compensation from polluting enterprises to environmental protection enterprises have a significant impact on system evolution. (3) The initial intention and population size of two types of enterprise entities will have a significant impact on system evolution. In the initial state, subjects with more green innovation are less willing to change their strategies during the evolution process, while the willingness of the other party to green innovation will be suppressed.",
-        "output": "Evolutionary game analysis of factors influencing green innovation in Enterprises under environmental governance constraints",
+        "input": "The femur is one of the most important bone in the human body, as it supports the body's weight and helps with movement. The aging global population presents a significant challenge, leading to an increasing demand for artificial joints, particularly in knee and hip replacements, which are among the most prevalent surgical procedures worldwide. This study focuses on hip fractures, a common consequence of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly population. To accurately predict individual bone properties and assess fracture risk, patient-specific finite element models (FEM) were developed using CT data from healthy male individuals. The study employed ANSYS 2023 R2 software to estimate fracture loads under simulated single stance loading conditions, considering strain-based failure criteria. The FEM bone models underwent meticulous reconstruction, incorporating geometrical and mechanical properties crucial for fracture risk assessment. Results revealed an underestimation of the ultimate bearing capacity of bones, indicating potential fractures even during routine activities. The study explored variations in bone density, failure loads, and density/load ratios among different specimens, emphasizing the complexity of bone strength determination. Discussion of findings highlighted discrepancies between simulation results and previous studies, suggesting the need for optimization in modelling approaches. The strain-based yield criterion proved accurate in predicting fracture initiation but required adjustments for better load predictions. The study underscores the importance of refining density-elasticity relationships, investigating boundary conditions, and optimizing models throughin vitrotesting for enhanced clinical applicability in assessing hip fracture risk. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into developing patient-specific FEM bone models for clinical hip fracture risk assessment, emphasizing the need for further refinement and optimization for accurate predictions and enhanced clinical utility.",
+        "output": "Patient-specific finite element analysis for assessing hip fracture risk in aging populations.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 10 (IANS) SpiceJet (NS:SPJT)'s Chairman and Managing Director, Ajay Singh revealed the airline's exclusive rights to operate flights to Lakshadweep at the annual general meeting on Wednesday. Singh said that the carrier is set to launch flights to Agatti Island, the sole airfield in the region, eliminating the current route through Kochi.With SpiceJet's exclusive rights under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) for Lakshadweep, he expressed the intention to commence these exclusive flights soon.This development follows a stakeholders' meeting where it was decided that a significant portion of the recently infused Rs 2,250 crore funds would be allocated to expanding the airline and its network.As per airline officials, during the AGM, Singh emphasised the positive impact of this fund infusion, saying that it would contribute to a stronger and more resilient SpiceJet, bringing grounded planes back into operation.He also disclosed plans to launch flights connecting Ayodhya with multiple cities in the country, expanding the airline's reach.--IANSssh/vd",
-        "output": "SpiceJet has exclusive rights to operate flights to Lakshadweep under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS), with plans to launch flights to Agatti Island soon. The airline's recent fund infusion of Rs 2,250 crore will be used to expand its network, including launching flights connecting Ayodhya with multiple cities.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The global trading system has reached an inflection point. The future of the liberalized, rules-based global world order is in doubt as countries that have for decades preached and practiced policies, which can loosely be defined as embodying the 'Washington Consensus', have started to backtrack. Free and fair trade is no longer the mantra as governments embrace industrial policy, protectionism, national security, risk management, and managed trade. Perhaps the most surprising adherent of the reversal is the US, whose embrace of what has been termed a 'modern American industrial strategy' runs counter to traditional American views and norms. While David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage still holds true, it has certainly fallen out of fashion. Where it leads remains unknown - caveat emptor. This article analyses President Joe Biden's industrial policy and its implications as well as shifts that have occurred as a result of the pandemic, geopolitical competition, and other recent global events.",
+        "output": "The Demise of Globalization and Rise of Industrial Policy: Caveat Emptor",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper introduces the life and work of art educator and designer Kurt Rowland (1920-1980) who authored the first set of textbooks on visual education and played a role in the shifting world of art and design education in post-war Britian. We detail the foundational experiences of his extraordinary life in the first half of the 20th century including surviving the Spanish Civil War and La Retirada, being a 'friendly enemy alien', and becoming one of the Dunera boys forced into Australian internment camps. He later went on to develop a new aspect of art and design education he called visual education. We explore Rowland's notion of a visual education, explicating its features, appraising its import, and situating Rowland's ideas to those of his contemporaries. We explore his motivations and how his work advanced art pedagogy. Finally, we argue that Kurt Rowland has been absent in recent literature on art and design education and that his work, which contains elements that have continued relevance today, should not be overlooked.",
-        "output": "Kurt Rowland's Visual Education: A Quiet Force in Post-War Art Pedagogy",
+        "input": "Importance Many veterans who served in Afghanistan and Iraq during Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) were deployed to military bases with open burn pits and exposed to their emissions, with limited understanding of the long-term health consequences. Objective To determine the association between deployment to military bases where open burn pits were used for waste disposal and the subsequent risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective observational cohort study used Veterans Health Administration medical records and declassified deployment records from the Department of Defense to assess Army and Air Force veterans who were deployed between 2001 and 2011 and subsequently received health care from the Veterans Health Administration, with follow-up through December 2020. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through February 2024. Exposure Duration of deployment to military bases with open burn pits. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Results The study population included 459 381 OEF and OIF veterans (mean [SD] age, 31.6 [8.7] years; 399 754 [87.0%] male). Median (IQR) follow-up from end of deployment was 10.9 (9.4-12.7) years. For every 100 days of deployment to bases with burn pits, veterans experienced increased adjusted odds for asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), hypertension (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03), and ischemic stroke (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97-1.14). Odds of interstitial lung disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or hemorrhagic stroke were not increased. Results based on tertiles of duration of burn pit exposures were consistent with those from the continuous exposure measures. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, prolonged deployment to military bases with open burn pits was associated with increased risk of developing asthma, COPD, and hypertension. The results also point to a possible increased risk in ischemic stroke. The novel ability to use integrated data on deployment and health outcomes provides a model for additional studies of the health impact of environmental exposures during military service.",
+        "output": "Deployment to Military Bases With Open Burn Pits and Respiratory and Cardiovascular Disease",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in residential buildings relies on three channels that are rarely assessed together-insulating homes, switching to low-carbon heating systems and decarbonizing heating fuels. Their combination results from an interplay between top-down planning of the energy system and decentralized policies for the residential sector-insulation subsidies in particular. In this paper, we examine how the design of insulation subsidies influences the allocation of efforts between these three channels. To do so, we use an innovative framework coupling a highly detailed model of residential energy demand with a highly detailed model of the energy system, both focused on France. We find that the most cost-effective effort allocation to reach carbon neutrality implies 19% emission reductions from home insulation, 36% from fuel switch and 45% from fuel decarbonization. This however requires perfectly targeted subsidies. In three alternative, arguably more realistic subsidy scenarios, we find that total system cost is increased by 11%-16%. Our results highlight the key role played by subsidy specifications in determining the trade-off between insulation and fuel switch, e.g. insulation investments doubles, and heat pump adoption is 19% lower, when subsidies are restricted to the most comprehensive measures. Finally, alternative assumptions regarding the availability of renewable energy sources-biogas in particular-imply stronger energy efficiency efforts.",
-        "output": "How to allocate mitigation efforts between home insulation, fuel switch and fuel decarbonization? Insights from the French residential sector",
+        "input": "James V. Wertsch coined the concept of schematic narrative template in his Voices of Collective Remembering, which has become a classic work in memory studies. The central argument of this article is that the analytical power of the concept of schematic narrative template can be increased, and its methodological implications clarified, by making a distinction between plot structures, narrative schemata, and the practices of narrative production, dissemination, and consumption. The article demonstrates that these entities and their associated mechanisms and processes are different in kind and should therefore be studied by using different types of methods. Furthermore, the article elaborates on the cognitive aspects of Wertsch's notion of schematic narrative template by distinguishing between the pattern completion and pattern matching functions of narrative schemata as well as between the cognitive processes of assimilation and accommodation of narrative schemata.",
+        "output": "Schematic narrative templates in national remembering",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Goldman Sachs strategists are out with their 2024 preview for Russell 2000 (RUT) and small-caps stocks in general.Strategists anticipate further gains for US small-cap stocks, citing a combination of favorable factors such as current low valuations and a positive economic outlook.The Russell 2000 small-cap index is projected to deliver a return of approximately 9% over the next six months and 15% in the next 12 months, according to analysts at Goldman Sachs. Goldman\u2019s forecast for the large-cap S&P 500 sees it rising by 7% to 5100 at the end of 2024 (total return of 9% including dividends).Despite a notable rally in recent months, the Russell 2000 remains nearly 20% below its peak in November 2021, in contrast to the S&P 500, which is less than 1% below its January 2022 peak.\u201cPositioning data suggest that much of the recent Russell 2000 rally has been driven by buying in 'macro products' such as index futures and options rather than purchases of individual small-cap stocks,\u201d analysts noted.The strategists highlight that small-caps are currently trading at low valuations relative to historical levels, as indicated by the Russell 2000 price-to-book multiple.The primary driver of small-cap returns is expected to be US economic growth, although these stocks have exhibited increased sensitivity to interest rates in the past two years.While acknowledging that the biggest risk to the small-cap outlook is a deterioration in investor expectations for US economic growth, the strategists note that the lower valuations offer a cushion for the Russell 2000 even in the event of weaker-than-expected growth.Russell 2000 closed at 1,989.01 on Monday and is down 1.9% YTD.",
-        "output": "Goldman Sachs predicts a 9% return for the Russell 2000 index in the next six months and 15% in the next 12 months, citing low valuations and a positive economic outlook, despite the index being 20% below its peak in November 2021.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Baltic amber is often considered the principal Scandinavian commodity exchanged for metal from ore-rich regions in Europe. If correct, this may explain the astonishing metal wealth of the Nordic Bronze Age and the modest social consumption of amber locally. The hypothesis of a metal-for-amber principle behind the trade is here for the first time assessed on scales from micro to macro. Amber finds were charted across Europe, and the result was then compared to evidence for regular shifts in copper ore preferences/availability, as found in the systematically changing isotopic/elemental composition of Nordic metal objects in c. 2100-1200 BC. Comparisons indicate that amber and metal followed similar spatiotemporal trajectories with major reorganizations at the turn from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age. Shifts in amber distribution correlate with the geography of metal sources used in both periods and flows of metal to Scandinavia and amber to Europe appear to be contingent even in subperiods. Major European amber tracks - and the crossroads hubs controlling them - were identified for the transfer of goods, yet again revealing major changes at the transition to the Middle Bronze Age. The social roles and meanings of amber among Nordic communities were likewise examined, suggesting that bearers of amber played a role in exercising social control of this resource. It is concluded that amber almost certainly was exchanged for metal.",
+        "output": "Metal-for-Amber in the European Bronze Age",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "HOUSTON - Main Street Capital Corporation (NYSE: NYSE:MAIN), a principal investment firm, has announced the pricing of a public offering of $350 million in notes at a 6.95% interest rate, with a maturity date set for March 1, 2029. The interest on these notes is to be paid semiannually. The notes offering, subject to standard closing conditions, is expected to close on January 12, 2024.The company has stated that the net proceeds from the sale of the notes will initially be used to repay existing debts. This includes outstanding amounts under Main Street's corporate revolving credit facility, its special purpose vehicle revolving credit facility, and its senior notes due in 2024. Following the repayment of these debts, Main Street plans to re-borrow under the credit facilities to fund new investments that align with its investment objectives and strategies. Additionally, the funds may be used to invest in marketable securities, cover operating expenses, and for other general corporate purposes.Joint bookrunners for the offering include SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC, and Truist Securities, Inc. Co-managers for the offering are  Raymond  (NS:RYMD) James & Associates, Inc., TCBI Securities, Inc., and several other financial services firms.Main Street Capital Corporation is known for providing long-term debt and equity capital to lower middle market companies and debt capital to middle market companies. It also manages investments for external parties through its wholly owned portfolio company, MSC Adviser I, LLC, which is registered as an investment adviser.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Main Street Capital Corporation, a principal investment firm, has announced the pricing of a public offering of $350 million in notes at a 6.95% interest rate, with a maturity date set for March 1, 2029. The net proceeds from the sale of the notes will be used to repay existing debts and fund new investments that align with the company's investment objectives and strategies.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper documents significant partisan divides across a range of corporate cultural values. Using panel data of 2,424 S&P 1500 firms spanning the period from 2001 to 2018, we find that firms whose top management teams lean toward the Democratic Party exhibit higher cultural values of integrity, teamwork, innovation, respect, and quality, in comparison with firms with executives leaning toward the Republican Party. In addition, we find that the partisan gap diminishes when firms have less entrenched management or locate in states with stronger judicial accountability. Our findings lend support to earlier research suggesting that leader characteristics are associated with corporate culture.",
+        "output": "Blue versus red: partisan firm leaders and corporate culture",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
-        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
+        "input": "PremiseWe studied the 3D morphology of a small, well-preserved cone from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerst & auml;tte to characterize its structure and determine its systematic affinity. Previously tentatively assigned to the enigmatic Tetraphyllostrobus, we show that it differs in key respects from that genus as described.MethodsWe systematically compared the new fossil with relevant Paleozoic cone genera and employed advanced imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Airyscan confocal super-resolution microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray microcomputed tomography to visualize and reconstruct the fossil cone in 3D.ResultsThe analyses demonstrate unequivocally that the sporophylls of the new Mazon Creek cone are arranged in whorls of six and have characters typical of Sphenophyllales, including epidermal cells with undulatory margins and in situ spores assignable to Columinisporites. The combination of characters, including sporophyll arrangement, anatomy, and spore type, supports the establishment of Hexaphyllostrobus kostorhysii gen. et sp. nov. within Sphenophyllales. Furthermore, we show that Tetraphyllostrobus, although originally described as possessing smooth monolete spores, actually possesses Columinisporites-type spores, indicating that it, too, was most likely a sphenophyll.ConclusionsThe recognition of Hexaphyllostrobus contributes to our knowledge of Pennsylvanian sphenophyll diversity, and in particular increases the number of species with in situ Columinisporites-type spores. Attribution of Hexaphyllostrobus to Sphenophyllales calls into question current interpretations of Tetraphyllostrobus suggesting that future research on better-preserved macrofossil material may demonstrate a sphenophyllalean relationship.",
+        "output": "Reconstruction of an enigmatic Pennsylvanian cone reveals a relationship to Sphenophyllales",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Zooarchaeological analysis and isotopic niche space modelling of faunal remains excavated from the settlement of El Carril (ca. AD 1100-1500) in the northern Dominican Republic provides evidence that the site was situated along an important transportation corridor for the passage of animal commodities. This study qualitatively investigates faunal remains recovered from sample excavation units within the site and relates these findings to a previously conducted palaeobotanical study of the site. The zooarchaeological findings are compared to that of nearby El Flaco, a smaller settlement located 2.5 km to the east and for which zooarchaeological and palaeobotanical data is available. Isotopic niche space modelling was conducted on animal remains from both sites to relatively indicate different ecological zones that were targeted by Indigenous peoples, and to speculate whether native Isolobodon portoricensis hutias (Capromyinae) were arriving to El Carril from different regions. Our evidence of animal resources arriving from far-flung environments, and the isotopic niche space modelling all suggest that El Carril may been situated near an important transportation corridor for animal goods passing between the coastline, the Cordillera Septentrional, and the riverine environments of the Cibao Valley.",
-        "output": "The conveyance of animal commodities in pre-contact northern Hispaniola: zooarchaeological research and isotopic niche space modelling at El Carril, Dominican Republic (ca. AD 1100-1500)",
+        "input": "Background: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across Saudi Arabia have experienced tremendous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the challenges may be different for mothers living in a city compared to those living more remotely. Aims: We investigated challenges and practices related to COVID-19 and their impact among Saudi mothers of children with ASD in cities and remote areas during the pandemic. Methods: A sample of 99 mothers (60 in cities and 39 remote) who had a child with ASD was surveyed using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Mothers who lived in remote areas reported more challenges, while mothers in cities reported adopting more new practices with children than remote mothers. Regression analyses revealed that place of residence and age of the child were significant predictors of the challenges experienced by mothers of children with ASD. Recommendations: Intervention services, community-based education programs, and electronic media are recommended for use with mothers in Saudi Arabia to increase awareness of COVID19, improve practices, and minimize challenges in protecting their children with ASD.",
+        "output": "Challenges, practices, and impact of COVID-19 among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in cities and remote areas in Saudi Arabia",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Gold prices witnessed a significant rise today, as investors turned to the safe-haven asset amidst escalating geopolitical tensions. The uptick in prices follows airstrikes carried out by the United States and the United Kingdom in Yemen. On New York's COMEX, February futures for gold reached a notable $2,051.60 per ounce, while spot gold was also up, trading at $2,038.88 per ounce.The precious metal's value is often seen as a barometer for geopolitical stability, and today's increase reflects concerns over the potential fallout from the military actions in Yemen. Alongside the rise in gold prices, U.S. futures also saw an upward movement, with the value recorded at $2,043.35.Investors typically flock to gold during times of uncertainty, and the current geopolitical climate has reinforced this trend. The airstrikes have raised apprehensions about the stability in the region, prompting a shift towards the relative safety of gold. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Gold prices surged to $2,051.60 per ounce on COMEX due to geopolitical tensions following airstrikes in Yemen, reflecting investors' preference for safe-haven assets during uncertainty.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Background: Medical students may experience mental health disorders like anxiety and depression during medical school, which can negatively impact their productivity, education, and overall quality of life. Currently, there are no studies examining the mental health of medical students in Yemen. Our study aimed to estimate prevalence of depression and anxiety among Yemeni medical students. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. A survey was conducted using validated psychometric tests: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety. A survey of medical students from 10 Yemeni medical schools took place from June 6 to July 20, 2023. It included only actively enrolled students in the 7-year undergraduate program. Results: A total of 706 responses were collected. The prevalence of depression was 48.4 % for cases classified as moderate, moderately severe, and severe, while it was 20 % for cases categorized as moderately severe and severe. The rate of suicide ideation was 14.7 %. Anxiety was found to have a prevalence of 34.8 % for cases categorized as moderate and severe. Furthermore, both depression and anxiety were higher among females, and in earlier academic years; all of these associations had a p-value <0.05. Conversely, age, living status, income stability, and displacement risk all showed no significant association with depression or anxiety. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Yemeni medical students. Tailored interventions are imperative to address these challenges. Future research needs to examine the root causes that might contribute to these disorders.",
+        "output": "The prevalence of depression and anxiety among medical students in Yemen: A cross-sectional study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Market participants see a firm demand for the 50-year bond scheduled for debut on Friday. The government plans to sell Rs 10,000 crore.\u201cWe expect strong demand from the long-term investors. The 50-year bond has been introduced in response to a long-standing demand from the long-term investor community and, hence, we see no dearth of demand,\u201d said Badrish Kulhalli, head (fixed income), HDFC Life Insurance.\u201cThe demand will be good for the paper, and the coupon should be around where the 40-year bond is, that is 7.50 per cent,\u201d said Churchil Bhatt, Executive Vice President at Kotak Life Insurance.Meanwhile, government bonds and rupee gained on Thursday as the US Treasury yields fell after the US Federal Reserve decided to keep their interest rates unchanged at 5.25-5.5 per cent, along the expected lines, dealers said.Market participants said the comments by US Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell were dovish. Even though he left the door open for further hikes, the market believes that the US rate-setting panel was done hiking.\u201cThe idea that it would be difficult to raise again after stopping for a meeting or two is just not right. The committee will always do what it thinks is appropriate at the time,\u201d said Powell.Earlier, the US rate-setting panel had indicated towards one final 25 basis points (bps) rate hike before hitting the pause button.The rupee settled at 83.25 per US dollar, whereas the yield on the benchmark 10-year government bond fell 4 bps to settle at 7.32 per cent.The Indian unit had hit a fresh closing low of 83.29 against the US dollar on Wednesday due to the rise in dollar index ahead of the US Federal Reserve outcome.\u201cWhile we continue to see Fed on hold in December and through the first half of next year, we think the UST bear steepening would find some solace as the Fed\u2019s tone gets softer. However, the rising term premium will likely be the next structural driver of higher yields in coming years,\u201d said Madhavi Arora, lead economist, Emkay Global Financial Services.The yield on the US benchmark 10-year US Treasury bond fell to 4.70 per cent on Thursday.",
-        "output": "The Indian government plans to sell Rs 10,000 crore worth of 50-year bonds on Friday, with market participants expecting strong demand from long-term investors. The US Federal Reserve's decision to keep interest rates unchanged at 5.25-5.5% led to a rise in Indian government bonds and the rupee, with the yield on the benchmark 10-year government bond falling 4 bps to 7.32%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among veterans, and excessive alcohol use is associated with significant mental and physical health consequences. Currently, the largest cohort of veterans seeking services at the VA are those from the 1990s Gulf War Era. This cohort of veterans is unique due to the nature of their deployment resulting in a myriad of unexplained symptoms collectively known as Gulf War Illness and higher rates of mental health problems. The present study sought to examine the association between probable AUD and mental health treatment utilization in a sample of 1126 (882 male) Gulf War-era veterans.METHODS: Veterans completed a self-report survey including the AUDIT-C, questions about mental health treatment engagement, and demographic questions.RESULTS: Results demonstrated that approximately 20% of the sample screened positive for probable AUD, determined by standard AUDIT-C cutoff scores. Among those screening positive for AUD, 25% reported engaging in mental health treatment in the past year. Veterans with probable AUD who use VA care had 3.8 times the odds of receiving mental health services than veterans not using VA care. Use of mental health services was associated with mental health comorbidity and identifying as Black/African American.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study highlight a significant unmet need for mental health treatment among Gulf War-era veterans with AUD.",
+        "output": "Mental health treatment utilization among Gulf War era veterans with probable alcohol use disorder.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) The benchmark indices witnessed volatile trading session, after a roller coaster activity the Nifty ends 32 points higher while the Sensex was up by 31 points, says Shrikant Chouhan, Head-Equity Research, Kotak Securities.He said that among Sectors, Reality, Pharma and Infra indices gained over 1 per cent whereas Media index corrected sharply, shed nearly 3 per cent.He said that technically, after an early morning, intraday rally the index took the resistance near 21725/72000 and due to profit booking at higher levels, it corrected sharply.Chouhan said that on intraday charts, index is still holding lower top formation and on daily charts, it has formed inside bar candle which indicating indecisiveness between the bulls and bears.He said that for the traders now, 21725/72000 would act as a key level to watch out. Below 21725/72000, the weak sentiment is likely to continue.Nifty Reality was the sector which outperform today up by 2.52 per cent respectively. On the back of good Pre sales numbers reported by reality companies fueled optimism in the sector, says Vaibhav Vidwani, Research Analyst, Bonanza Portfolio. Hero MotoCorp  (NS:HROM), Adani Ports,  SBI Life Insurance  (NS:SBIL),  Apollo Hospitals  (NS:APLH) and  Adani Enterprises  (NS:ADEL) are among the top gainers on theNifty, while losers were  Nestle  (NS:NEST) India,  Britannia Industries  (NS:BRIT),  Asian Paints  (NS:ASPN), Bajaj Finserv (NS:BJFS) and HDFC Bank (NS:HDBK).--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "The Nifty and Sensex ended higher by 32 and 31 points, respectively, after a volatile trading session. The Nifty Reality sector outperformed, gaining 2.52%, driven by positive pre-sales numbers reported by realty companies.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper suggests a workflow that generates floor plans with structural elements. Generating structural layouts in a BIM environment with the implementation of a machine learning method allows a future projection for fast and easy exploration of multiple design options. Pix2Pix, a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model, takes the wall layout as input and generates a structural layout by learning from existing knowledge used to generate a decision support system for structural layout generation. The paper also suggest an additional script as a fine-adjustment model to refine the structural layout based on predetermined structural rules. This script increases the accuracy of the structural layouts generated by the GAN algorithm. Based on the test dataset, the research demonstrates a 64% success rate in providing structural schema assistance. Considering the results, this study seems to have the potential to be a supportive application in the early design phase.",
+        "output": "Structural Plan Schema Generation Through Generative Adversarial Networks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "During summer 2021, the world watched the swift and, for some, surprising collapse of Afghanistan's government. However, a Taliban victory was always a possibility for players of A Distant Plain (ADP), a boardgame about insurgency and counterinsurgency in post-9/11 Afghanistan. These events inspired many ADP players, and its designers, to (re)engage with the game, thus providing scholars with a unique opportunity to investigate in real time how historical practice occurs within the popular culture space. Utilizing primary sources, this article demonstrates that contemporary history games - those which depict current events or open-ended, unresolved periods, rather than ones designed to model what is seen as 'settled' history - are uniquely subject to external, out-of-game interventions which may prompt reevaluations of their assumptions and models, since players and designers are repeatedly challenged by changing circumstances to integrate new data into how they perceive and consume the historical representations found therein. These games are therefore exceptionally suited to engendering genuine and ongoing historical practice, through the use of evidence, argumentation and debate, retrospective reassessments, and counterfactual analysis. The broader discipline will greatly benefit from taking a more inclusive view of popular history by paying greater attention to historical games of this type.",
-        "output": "Boardgaming after the fall of Kabul: player and designer (re)engagement with a distant plain",
+        "input": "Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study, the paper at hand provides an example of a pronounced way of working with montage as a means of mobilizing knowledge in the architectural design process. With reference to a specific design project, the paper follows architecture students systematically exploring and structuring the problem's space of possibilities by applying montage. Highlighting the methodological rigor and logical coherence their procedure involves, the paper elaborates on montage as an effective method and traceable exploratory process. Presenting and discussing this empirical data, the paper aims at showing how montage allows for apprehending a problem in a holistic manner while at the same time facilitating its analysis into separate parts. In this way, montage engenders the mobilization of knowledge, which can be implicated to the case at hand.",
+        "output": "Montage as process of knowledge mobilization in architectural design.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular mortality continued declining from 2000 to 2019, the rate of this decrease decelerated. We aimed to assess the trends and disparities in risk factor control and treatment among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to find potential causes of the deceleration.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 55,021 participants, aged \u226520years, from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included, of which 5717 were with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Risk factor control was defined as hemoglobin A1c <7%, blood pressure <140/90mmHg, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL. The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease oscillated between 7.3% and 8.9% from 1999 to 2018. A significant increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, and self-reported hypertension within the population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Ptrend\u22640.001). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL increased from 7.1% in 1999 to 2002 to 15.7% in 2003 to 2006, before plateauing. Blood pressure control (<140/90mmHg) increased until 2011 to 2014, but declined to 70.1% in 2015 to 2018 (Ptrend<0.001, Pjoinpoint=0.14). Similarly, the proportion of participants achieving hemoglobin A1c control began to decrease after 2006 (Pjoinpoint=0.05, Ptrend=0.001). The percentage of participants achieving all 3 targets increased significantly from 4.5% to 18.6% across 1999 to 2018 (Ptrend=0.02), but the increasing trend decelerated after 2005 to 2006 (Pjoinpoint<0.001). Striking disparities in risk factor control and medication use persisted between sexes, and between different racial and ethnic populations.CONCLUSIONS: Worsened control of glycemia, blood pressure, obesity, and alcohol consumption, leveled lipid control, and persistent socioeconomic disparities may be contributing factors to the observed deceleration in decreasing cardiovascular mortality trends.",
-        "output": "Trends and Disparities in Treatment and Control of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults, 1999 to 2018.",
+        "input": "Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in urban resilience, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of urban development. Although some studies have addressed the effects of China's national urban agglomeration (NUA) policy on the economic and environmental resilience of Chinese cities, scholars have not yet adequately addressed the impact of NUA on comprehensive urban resilience. Accordingly, this study introduced a theoretical framework to explore the effects of NUA on comprehensive urban resilience in China. Specifically, this study conducted a quasi-natural experiment with NUA and adopted a difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate its effect on China's comprehensive urban resilience. As no widely acknowledged urban resilience evaluation method yet exists, we employed an entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to assign comprehensive urban resilience values to Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above based on the multiple economic resilience index, the social resilience index, the environmental resilience index, and the technological resilience index. The results indicate that NUA not only directly improves comprehensive urban resilience but also enhances it through the mediating effects of trade openness and industrial structure upgrading. In addition, the study revealed that city heterogeneity can impact NUA's effect on comprehensive urban resilience. These results not only expand current theoretical understanding of the effects of urban agglomeration on urban resilience but also offer insights useful for improving comprehensive urban resilience to facilitate the high-quality and sustainable development of cities.",
+        "output": "Can Urban Agglomeration Policy Enhance Comprehensive Urban Resilience? Evidence from China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "VANCOUVER - Taseko Mines (NYSE:TGB) Limited (TSX: TKO) (NYSE American: TGB) (LSE: TKO) has announced a significant increase in copper production at its Gibraltar mine for the year ended December 31, 2023. The mine produced 123 million pounds of copper, marking a 26% increase from the previous year and surpassing the company's production guidance.The fourth quarter of 2023 saw the Gibraltar mine produce 34 million pounds of copper and 369 thousand pounds of molybdenum, with copper grades averaging 0.27%. Despite challenges including additional downtime for maintenance, the mill's throughput averaged 83,000 tons per day.Stuart McDonald, President and CEO of Taseko, expressed optimism for the continued strong performance of the mine into 2024, with the Gibraltar pit expected to remain the primary source of ore for the first half of the year.This information is based on a press release statement from Taseko Mines Limited. No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the information contained in the release.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Taseko Mines' Gibraltar mine exceeded its production guidance, producing 123 million pounds of copper in 2023, a 26% increase from the previous year, despite maintenance downtime. The mine is expected to continue its strong performance in 2024, with the Gibraltar pit remaining the primary ore source for the first half of the year.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This research aims to question the effect of adopting non-formal and informal learning environments into architectural education on the overall learning experiences of architecture students. In this context, a series of out-of-school activities organised within the scope of Maltepe University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, which are based on a variety of different non-formal and informal learning methods, are discussed. Although there are various out-of-school activities, the significance of these comprehensive extracurricular activities relies on being an entire student initiative from planning to execution and consisting of symposiums, workshops and organisation processes that bring non-formal and informal learning experiences together. Unlike most of the research discussing non-formal/in-formal activities through final products, our research focuses on the learning experience of the students and the learning process itself. Based on the participant observation method, we gathered data through observing behaviours and interactions, casual conversations, unstructured and informal interviews, and reviews of the participants' studies. The findings revealed the learning acquisitions and benefits that students gained intentionally or unintentionally throughout the process from integrated learning environments, which are required to compete with the complex challenges of architectural education and the profession, as emerging technologies, materials, design trends and societal conditions. This reality forces architectural education programs to embrace and integrate informal and non-formal learning experiences into their curricula. Flexible learning models need to be designed and adapted to formal education to provide a well-rounded educational experience for architecture students, emphasising self-directed learning and practical experience in real-world contexts.",
+        "output": "Out-of-School Activities in Architectural Education: MUISCARCH International Architecture Students Congress",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ISTANBUL - Marti Technologies, Inc. (NYSE American: MRT), a prominent mobility service provider in T\u00fcrkiye, has launched a share repurchase program, the company announced Today. The initiative allows for the buyback of up to $2.5 million of its Class A ordinary shares, which is roughly 7.9% of its market capitalization as of January 9, 2024.The repurchase program, effective immediately, is set to last six months and will be conducted through open-market or privately negotiated transactions, adhering to the rules, including Rule 10b-18, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Board of Directors reserves the right to modify the program's terms or suspend it at any time.This strategic financial move is backed by the proceeds from a $5 million convertible note investment by Farragut Square (NYSE:SQ) Global Master Fund, with an exercise price of $1.65 per share. The funds not allocated to the repurchase will be invested in general corporate purposes and the expansion of Marti's ride-hailing operations.Alper Oktem, Marti's CEO, expressed confidence in the share repurchase, attributing it to the company's solid performance and the expansion of their ride-hailing business. He stated that the program reflects the Board's confidence in the company's stock value and is anticipated to generate immediate shareholder value. The remaining proceeds from the convertible note are intended to foster growth in their ride-hailing service, aiming to bring long-term shareholder value.Marti's management will determine the specific timing and volume of repurchases based on various factors, including stock intrinsic value, market conditions, liquidity, legal and regulatory requirements, and the company's overall business strategy.Founded in 2018, Marti offers a leading mobility app in T\u00fcrkiye, providing diverse transportation options such as ride-hailing, and a fleet of rental e-mopeds, e-bikes, and e-scooters, all powered by their proprietary software and IoT infrastructure.This article is based on a press release statement from Marti Technologies, Inc.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Marti Technologies, a Turkish mobility service provider, has launched a $2.5 million share repurchase program, funded by a $5 million convertible note investment from Farragut Square Global Master Fund. The program aims to enhance shareholder value and support the expansion of Marti's ride-hailing operations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Laser sintering is a widely used process for producing complex shapes from particulate materials. However, understanding the complex interaction between the laser and particles is a challenge. This investigation provides new insights into the sintering process by simulating the laser source and the neck growth of particle pairs. First, a multi-physics discrete element method (DEM) framework is developed to incorporate temperature-dependent contact rheological and thermal properties, incorporating heat transfer and neck formation between the particles. Next, energy transport by ray tracing is added to allow for computing the amount of laser energy absorbed during sintering. The DEM model is calibrated and validated using experimental data on neck growth and temperature evolution of particle pairs made of polystyrene and Polyamide 12. The findings show that the proposed DEM model is capable of accurately simulate the neck growth during the laser sintering paving the way for better controlling and optimizing the process.",
+        "output": "Contact rheological DEM model for visco-elastic powders during laser sintering",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evaluation of students' learning strategies can enhance academic support. Few studies have investigated differences in learning strategies between male and female students as well as their impact on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and preclinical performance.METHODS: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) was administered to the classes of 2019-2024 (female (n=350) and male (n=262)). Students' performance on preclinical first-year (M1) courses, preclinical second-year (M2) courses, and USMLE Step 1 was recorded. An independent t-test evaluated differences between females and males on each LASSI scale. A Pearson product moment correlation determined which LASSI scales correlated with preclinical performance and USMLE Step 1 examinations.RESULTS: Of the 10 LASSI scales, Anxiety, Attention, Information Processing, Selecting Main Idea, Test Strategies and Using Academic Resources showed significant differences between genders. Females reported higher levels of Anxiety (p<0.001), which significantly influenced their performance. While males and females scored similarly in Concentration, Motivation, and Time Management, these scales were significant predictors of performance variation in females. Test Strategies was the largest contributor to performance variation for all students, regardless of gender.CONCLUSION: Gender differences in learning influence performance on STEP1. Consideration of this study's results will allow for targeted interventions for academic success.",
-        "output": "Gender differences in learning and study strategies impact medical students' preclinical and USMLE step 1 examination performance.",
+        "input": "As a corridor for population movement out of Africa, the southern Levant is a natural laboratory for research exploring the dynamics of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition. Yet, the number of well-preserved sites dating to the initial millennia of the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; 45-30 ka) remains limited, restricting the resolution at which we can study the biocultural and techno-typological changes evidenced across the transition. With EUP deposits dating to 45-39 ka cal BP, Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, offers a key opportunity to expand our understanding of EUP lifeways in the southern Levant. Mughr el-Hamamah is particularly noteworthy for its large faunal assemblage, representing the first such assemblage from the Jordan Valley. In this paper, we present results from taxonomic and taphonomic analyses of the EUP fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah. Given broader debates about shifts in human subsistence across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, we also assess evidence for subsistence intensification, focusing especially on the exploitation of gazelle and the use of small game. Taphonomic data suggest that the fauna was primarily accumulated by human activity. Ungulates dominate the assemblage; gazelle (Gazella sp.) is the most common taxa, followed by fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) and goat (Capra sp.). Among the gazelle, juveniles account for roughly one-third of the sample. While the focus on gazelle and the frequency of juveniles are consistent with broader regional trends, evidence for the regular exploitation of marrow from gazelle phalanges suggests that the EUP occupants of Mughr el-Hamamah processed gazelle carcasses quite intensively. Yet, the overall degree of dietary intensification appears low-small game is rare and evidence for human capture of this game is more equivocal. As a whole, our results support a growing body of data showing gradual shifts in animal exploitation strategies across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant.",
+        "output": "The fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan: Insights on human hunting behavior during the Early Upper Paleolithic.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ABSTRACT: Rehabilitation nurses possess knowledge and skills that are ideally suited to a variety of roles. This article informs rehabilitation nurses about opportunities to work in private case management for medical-legal cases. A brief overview of the process of litigation gives nurses the context in which case management interventions are needed. Case examples illustrate the services that nurses provide to attorneys and their clients that help obtain needed care and aid in progressing litigation to resolution.",
-        "output": "Case Management Consultant to Attorneys in Litigated Cases.",
+        "input": "Pain invalidation involves the dismissal or lack of understanding of another's pain, undermining their subjective experience. Frequent exposure to invalidation negatively impacts mental and physical health as well as pain-related behaviors, potentially leading people to conceal their pain from others in the future and/or withdraw from potential sources of support. It is therefore possible that experiencing pain invalidation may also impact pain-reporting behavior in clinical settings. Across 2 separate samples of emerging adults, we examined whether exposure to invalidation of one's pain was associated with cognizant modulation of one's subjective acute pain ratings within routine medical and dental settings. Drawing upon social psychological theories of impression management and self-presentation, we hypothesized that exposure to pain invalidation would be associated with the under-rating of one's pain. In Study 1, previous experiences of invalidation were associated with under-rating of one's pain when visiting the doctor and the dentist. Study 2 found that invalidation from family and medical professionals-but not from friends-was associated with under-rating pain in both settings. Findings provide further evidence for the harmful effects of pain invalidation, particularly for emerging adults, as the dismissal of one's subjective experience may sow self-doubt while reinforcing cultural stigmas against pain, leading to alterations in pain communication that ultimately creates barriers to efficacious clinical treatment and care and increase pain-related suffering. PERSPECTIVE: Pain invalidation imparts harm to those who already suffer from pain, be it mentally, physically, and/or behaviorally. We show that people who have encountered invalidation are more likely to under-rate their pain when seeking care, impeding assessment and treatment, and further highlighting the importance of clinical validation of pain experiences.",
+        "output": "Experiencing Pain Invalidation is Associated with Under-Reporting of Pain: A Social Psychological Perspective on Acute Pain Communication.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 13 (IANS) In order to solidify its presence in the Indian consumer electronics market, leading brand Elista on Saturday said it aims to reach domestic revenue of Rs 500 crore by the end of 2025 while continuing to invest in the country and growing in newer categories.For its plans for the manufacturing facility in Andhra Pradesh, the company told IANS that the plant has an annual production capacity of 1 million TVs and 1 million LEDs.\u201cThe investment in this facility will be phased over five years. In the initial phase, a Rs 50 crore investment will bring the plant online by the first quarter of 2024, focusing on TV and LED monitor production,\u201d Pawan Kumar, CEO of Elista, told IANS.In March last year, the company unveiled a state-of-the-art 1.32 lakh square feet facility in Andhra Pradesh, and committed to invest Rs 250 crore in a phased manner.\u201cWe announced an additional Rs 100 crore investment for a second plant, dedicated to the manufacturing of Smart TVs. We plan to employ 500 individuals in the phased manner to achieve the targets,\u201d Kumar informed.Established in 2020, Elista achieved household recognition in just three years. With a presence in 300 cities, the company offers a diverse range of products, including Smart LED TVs, smartwatches, speakers, and commercial refrigeration.Elista registered Rs 158.8 crore in revenue for FY2022, followed by Rs 200 crore in FY23.\u201cWe are committed to make a significant impact with the launch of our refrigerator and air conditioner (AC) range, scheduled for this month,\u201d said Kumar.Elista's new Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) TV Series provides an intuitive and personalized user experience.With Bluetooth 5.1, Dual Band Wi-Fi, Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) TV, and built-in Google Chromecast support, these TVs guarantee a hassle-free experience.Featuring 3x HDMI, 1x RF, 2x USB, and 1x AV In, they ensure effortless connectivity with external accessories like gaming consoles, soundbars and more.The new Google TV Series with segment-leading specifications comes in four different (32-inch, 43-inch, 50-inch, 55-inch and 65-inch) screen-size variants.\u201cOur new Google TV Series and SmartRist Smartwatch range leverage state-of-the-art machinery, including AI. Rigorous durability testing and analysis of extensive consumer data allowed us to design products that deliver best-in-class user experience,\u201d Kumar noted.Elista SmartRist E-Series brings three feature-packed smartwatches- SmartRist E-1, SmartRist E-2, and SmartRist E-4.Elista has currently established a presence in 17 countries, with a strategy to extend its footprint to 50 countries by 2025.\u201cOur ambitious global vision for 2025 is set at Rs 1,500 crore, via a combination of an innovative product lineup, a dedication to affordability, and a strategic global approach,\u201d Kumar told IANS.--IANS",
-        "output": "Elista aims to reach domestic revenue of Rs 500 crore by 2025, investing in a manufacturing facility in Andhra Pradesh with an annual production capacity of 1 million TVs and 1 million LEDs. The company plans to employ 500 individuals and invest Rs 250 crore in a phased manner.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Across time, geographies and country income levels, smoking prevalence is highest among people with lower incomes. Smoking causes further impoverishment of those on the lower end of the income spectrum through expenditure on tobacco and greater risk of ill health.METHODS: This paper summarises the results of investment case equity analyses for 19 countries, presenting the effects of increased taxation on smoking prevalence, health and expenditures. We disaggregate the number of people who smoke, smoking-attributable mortality and cigarette expenditures using smoking prevalence data by income quintile. A uniform 30% increase in price was applied across countries. We estimated the effects of the price increase on smoking prevalence, mortality and cigarette expenditures.RESULTS: In all but one country (Bhutan), a one-time 30% increase in price would reduce smoking prevalence by the largest percent among the poorest 20% of the population. All income groups in all countries would spend more on cigarettes with a 30% increase in price. However, the poorest 20% would pay an average of 12% of the additional money spent.CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that health benefits from increases in price through taxation are pro-poor. Even in countries where smoking prevalence is higher among wealthier groups, increasing prices can still be pro-poor due to variable responsiveness to higher prices. The costs associated with higher smoking prevalence among the poor, together with often limited access to healthcare services and displaced spending on basic needs, result in health inequality and perpetuate the cycle of poverty.",
+        "output": "Equity implications of tobacco taxation: results from WHO FCTC investment cases.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN DIEGO - DexCom, Inc. (NASDAQ:DXCM), a leader in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for patients with diabetes, saw its shares close higher today, with a 0.73% increase to $128.93. This uptick is part of a positive trend for the company, which has experienced a monthly rise of 4.67% in its stock price.While DexCom's performance has been on an upward trajectory, another noteworthy mention in the technology sector is DXC Technology Co (NYSE:DXC). On Wednesday, the company's shares opened at $23.28 and ended the trading day slightly lower at $23.11.Investors in DexCom have been monitoring the stock's progress, particularly as it reflects the company's strategic initiatives and its position in the competitive medical device market. DexCom's commitment to innovation in diabetes care and management appears to be resonating positively with the market, as evidenced by the stock's recent performance.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "DexCom's stock rose 0.73% to $128.93, continuing a 4.67% monthly gain, reflecting positive market sentiment towards its diabetes care innovations. DXC Technology's stock closed slightly lower at $23.11 on Wednesday.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Lockdowns have been implemented to limit the number of hospitalisations and deaths during the first wave of 2019 coronavirus disease. These measures may have affected differently death characteristics, such age and sex. France was one of the hardest hit countries in Europe with a decreasing east-west gradient in excess mortality. This study aimed at describing the evolution of age at death quantiles during the lockdown in spring 2020 (17 March-11 May 2020) in the French metropolitan regions focusing on 3 representatives of the epidemic variations in the country: Bretagne, Ile-de-France (IDF) and Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (BFC).METHODS: Data were extracted from the French public mortality database from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2020. The age distribution of mortality observed during the lockdown period (based on each decile, plus quantiles 1, 5, 95 and 99) was compared with the expected one using Bayesian non-parametric quantile regression.RESULTS: During the lockdown, 5457, 5917 and 22346 deaths were reported in Bretagne, BFC and IDF, respectively. An excess mortality from+3% in Bretagne to+102% in IDF was observed during lockdown compared to the 3 previous years. Lockdown led to an important increase in the first quantiles of age at death, irrespective of the region, while the increase was more gradual for older age groups. It corresponded to fewer young people, mainly males, dying during the lockdown, with an increase in the age at death in the first quantile of about 7years across regions. In females, a less significant shift in the first quantiles and a greater heterogeneity between regions were shown. A greater shift was observed in eastern region and IDF, which may also represent excess mortality among the elderly.CONCLUSIONS: This study focused on the innovative outcome of the age distribution at death. It shows the first quantiles of age at death increased differentially according to sex during the lockdown period, overall shift seems to depend on prior epidemic intensity before lockdown and complements studies on excess mortality during lockdowns.",
+        "output": "Age at death during the Covid-19 lockdown in French metropolitan regions: a non parametric quantile regression approach.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is less common than left-sided infective endocarditis (LSIE) and exhibits distinct epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Previous studies have focused primarily on RSIE in patients with intravenous drug use. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors for RSIE in an area where intravenous drug use is uncommon. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis between November 2005 and August 2017 were categorized into LSIE and RSIE groups. Of the 406 patients, 365 (89.9%) had LSIE and 41 (10.1%) had RSIE. The mortality rates were 31.7% in the RSIE group and 31.5% in the LSIE group (P=0.860). Patients with RSIE had a higher prevalence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus (29.3% vs. 13.7%, P=0.016), coagulase-negative staphylococci (17.1% vs. 6.0%, P=0.022), and gram-negative bacilli other than HACEK (12.2% vs. 2.2%, P=0.003). Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-0.99, P=0.006), implanted cardiac devices (aOR 37.75, 95% CI 11.63-141.64, P\u22640.001), and central venous catheterization (aOR 4.25, 95% CI 1.14-15.55, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for RSIE. Treatment strategies that consider the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of RSIE are warranted.",
-        "output": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for right-sided infective endocarditis in Korea: a 12-year retrospective cohort study.",
+        "input": "Private transport constitutes the prerequisite for the freedom of mobility and facilitates accessibility for activities of older adults. Abundant studies have been conducted on the association between car ownership and life satisfaction in Western countries where cars dominate private transport. However, as the most prevalent and conventional private transport in China, cars and e-bikes have not received adequate attention. Using 2015 and 2018 datasets from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we apply the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences to investigate how private transport influences the multi-dimensional life quality of older adults. Furthermore, we focus on the mediation effect of social participation on the above causal effect. Our findings reveal that car and e-bike ownership have a causal impact on older adults' life satisfaction, while the influence of e-bike ownership is multi-dimensional. The relationship between car ownership and life satisfaction is mediated by social participation regarding exercise and voluntary activities. However, the mediation effects of mahjong and exercise activities are statistically significant between e-bike ownership and the multi-dimensional life quality of older adults. Understanding the life quality of older adults related to private transport is essential for guiding travel mobility and the life quality of older adults in China.",
+        "output": "The causal effect of private transport on life satisfaction among older adults and the mediation effect of social participation in China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 12 (IANS) In a victory for  Life Insurance  Corporation (NS:LIFI) (LIC), the Income Tax Department has issued a refund intimation of Rs 25,464.46 crore for seven assessment years.The refund pertains to the ongoing dispute between the Income Tax Department and LIC over allowing interim bonus paid to policyholders by the corporation as deductible expenditure.The aggregate Rs 25,464 crore refund pertains to AY 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20, LIC said in a filing with stock exchanges.While LIC's stand was that such interim bonus payouts came under permissible expenditure for taxation purposes, the assessing officer of the Income Tax Department had initially taken a view that it was taxable as surplus was being distributed as an interim bonus.LIC had challenged the assessing officer\u2019s decision in various appellate forums including ITAT, which directed the IT Department to re-examine the case.On reconsideration, the assessing officer, while issuing the refund for seven assessment years, also made a separate demand order of Rs 2,133 crore for two other years.So as against earlier expected refund of about Rs 27,500 crore for seven assessment years, LIC has now got refund of Rs 25,464 crore after adjusting Rs 2,133 crore, sources said.LIC now plans to appeal to Commissioner, Appeals against all the demand orders - Rs 2,133.67 crore, Rs 1,395 crore, and Rs 1,370 crore - for various assessment years, according to LIC\u2019s filings with the stock exchanges.LIC also said there is no material impact on financials, operations or other activities of the corporation due to these demands orders.--IANSpannu/vd",
-        "output": "LIC received a refund of Rs 25,464.46 crore from the Income Tax Department for seven assessment years, resolving a dispute over the deductibility of interim bonus paid to policyholders. LIC plans to appeal against demand orders for two other years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "On the basis of German and Cuban archival documents, the present article tries to apply the global history notion of 'entanglement' to the study of intercontinental personnel circulations within and at the margins of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). It shows the flows of personnel which were set in motion by the implementation of the CMEA's task of achieving convergence in the sense of 'aligning the developmental level' of its member states. At the same time, it examines the contribution of these personnel flows to the convergence function of the CMEA. Angola is taken as a case study by investigating the Cuban-East German-Angolan entanglement in intercontinental mobility, with a specific focus on the circulating personnel; by examining institutional and everyday practices of dealing with inequality in these encounters; and by evaluating Cuba's role in the CMEA on the level of personnel encounters, exchanges, and interactions. The present contribution zooms into personal encounters between Cubans, East Germans and Angolans in Angola while assessing how the organisational setting of these encounters mediated inequality.",
+        "output": "Internationalism, Cooperation and Personal Entanglements between Cuba, the German Democratic Republic, and Angola in the Socialist World",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Las Vegas, Jan 9 (IANS) German automaker Volkswagen (ETR:VOWG_p) has announced to bring AI chatbot ChatGPT into its cars, integrated into its IDA voice assistant.The voice assistant, enabled by Cerence Chat Pro, is activated by saying \"Hello IDA\" or pressing the button on the steering wheel.IDA automatically prioritises whether a vehicle function should be executed, a destination searched or the temperature adjusted.If the request cannot be answered by the Volkswagen system, it is forwarded anonymously to AI and the familiar Volkswagen voice responds.ChatGPT does not gain access to any vehicle data and questions and answers are deleted immediately to ensure the highest possible level of data protection, the automaker said here during the 'CES 2024'.Volkswagen said it will be the first volume manufacturer to offer ChatGPT as a standard feature from the second quarter of 2024 in many production vehicles.The new chatbot is offered in conjunction with the latest generation of infotainment in the following models: ID.7, ID.4, ID.5, ID.3, the all-new Tiguan and the all-new Passat, as well as in the new Golf.\u201cThanks to the seamless integration of ChatGPT and strong collaboration with our partner, Cerence, we are offering our drivers added value and direct access to the AI-based research tool,\u201d said Kai Grunitz, Member of the Board of Management Volkswagen Brand for technical Development.With ChatGPT, the IDA voice assistant can be used to control the infotainment, navigation, and air conditioning, or to answer general knowledge questions.In the future, AI will provide additional information in response to questions that go beyond this as part of its continuously expanding capabilities.\u201cWith Cerence Chat Pro, VW is empowered with an automotive-grade ChatGPT integration that offers unmatched flexibility, customisation, and ease of deployment, while prioritising security and usability for drivers,\u201d said Stefan Ortmanns, CEO of Cerence.--IANS",
-        "output": "Volkswagen will integrate ChatGPT into its cars' voice assistant, IDA, making it the first volume manufacturer to offer the AI chatbot as a standard feature from Q2 2024 in models like ID.7, ID.4, and Tiguan. The integration will allow drivers to control infotainment, navigation, and air conditioning, or ask general knowledge questions using ChatGPT's capabilities.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeCo-creation, characterised by artists and patients creating a joint work of art, may support patients with the integration of life events, such as living with cancer, into their life story. In the process of co-creation, resonance relationships between patients, artists and material may evolve that support such integration. Using the framework of resonance theory, we aim to investigate if and how patients move through the three phases of resonance during a process of co-creation and explore the role of uncontrollability in this process.MethodsTen patients who received cancer treatment with palliative intent completed co-creation processes, which were audio recorded. These recordings were imported in Atlas-Ti and analysed by applying content analysis. We searched for the three phases of resonance, Being affected, touched and moved; Self-efficacy and responding; Adaptive transformation. We additionally searched for signs of uncontrollability.ResultsPatients used 4-8 sessions (median 5 sessions) with a duration 90-240 min per session (median duration 120 min). We found that patients move through the three phases of resonance during co-creation processes. Uncontrollability both presents a challenge and an invitation to integrate experiences of contingency into one's life narrative. Patients express self-recognition and the experience of contingency in their work of art.ConclusionsIntegration of experiences of contingency into a life narrative can be supported by the process of co-creation of art, which invites patients to relate to their illness, their environment and themselves. The phases of resonance in combination with uncontrollability as a continuously present factor, provide a means to both study and support the integration of experiences of contingency into the life narrative.In the process of co-creation, resonance relationships between patients, artists and material may evolve that support integration of experiences of contingency. In the current study we aim to investigate, if and how, palliative cancer patients move through the three phases of resonance during a process of co-creation and explore the role of uncontrollability in this process.image",
+        "output": "Exploring resonance theory and uncontrollability during co-creative art making: A qualitative study among cancer patients",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) on short-term mortality in patients with urosepsis.METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 207 patients with urosepsis. AKI was diagnosed in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed severe AKI (severe AKI group) and patients who did not (control group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30days. The secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. The exploratory outcomes were the risk factors for severe AKI development.RESULTS: The median patient age was 79years. Of the 207 patients, 56 (27%) developed severe AKI. The 30-day mortality rate in the severe AKI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20% vs. 2.0%, respectively; P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, performance status and severe AKI were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality and 90-day mortality rates in the severe AKI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age, urolithiasis-related sepsis, lactate values, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were significantly associated with severe AKI development.CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was a common complication in patients with urosepsis and contributed to high short-term mortality rates.",
-        "output": "Impact of severe acute kidney injury on short-term mortality in urosepsis.",
+        "input": "The fire at Notre-Dame de Paris led to the discovery of several series of previously unknown iron armatures, which were systematically recorded. Amongst them, several iron staples from the top of the eaves walls, lead crest reinforcements and a sample of the tie rods used in the choir in the 19th century were analysed by metallography and tensile tests in order to determine their nature and mechanical characteristics. These results can be put into perspective with previous studies on such monuments. The chemical analysis with SEM-EDS of the slag inclusions contained in the matrix of these ferrous alloys makes it possible to determine the technical processes used for their production throughout the construction and restoration of the building, highlighting several differences depending on the typologies of the iron armatures. This information is complemented by a series of radiocarbon dates currently being carried out to better understand the periods of use of these ferrous reinforcements. When compared with those of other materials, these dates could be used to recalibrate the phasing of the building. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Revealing the iron skeleton of Notre-Dame de Paris. Methodologies and issues of archaeological and analytical investigations following the blaze",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Patient education is a vital role of nurses in nurse-led clinics(NLCs). Since 2011, independent NLCs entitled health education Nurse-led clinics(HENLCs) have been established in Iran. In order for this newly developed service to be able to perform perfectly in implementation and evaluation, it should be explained based on one of the quality evaluation models. The objective of the study was to determine the dimension of service quality in HENLCs based on service providers' and service recipients' experience.METHODS: This research is a qualitative study of directed content analysis type conducted between May and November 2020. Twenty-nine participants who had rich experiences in the patient education in HENLCs were interviewed in this study. Asarroodi et al.'s (2018) qualitative content analysis method was used for data analysis, and MaxQDA software was used for data management. We used credibility, dependability, and Confirmability to confirm the trustworthiness of the study's findings.RESULTS: In this study service providers including managers, policymakers, decision-makers, nurses, physicians, and service recipients including patients and families participated. Seven generic categories, including (1) a competent and self-motivated nurse educator, (2) an easily accessible and comfortable environment, (3) informational-educational materials and health education equipment, (4) motivational facilities, (5) access to the health education support team, (6) organizational communication supporting the education process, and (7) receiving the patient education fee, constituted the main category of structure. Five generic categories, including (1) assessment and determination of the educational needs of the target group, (2) description of the nurse's duties, (3) teaching-learning methods, (4) patient referral, and (5) the process of preparing and publishing educational content, constituted the main category of process. One generic category called evaluation constituted the main category of outcome.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to managers to pay attention to the dimensions of the quality model of Donabedian (SPO) in setting up and developing the performance of HENLCs, it is recommended that future quantitative studies based on the categories formed in this study evaluate the observance of the dimensions of structure, process and outcome.",
-        "output": "Quality of services in health education nurse-led clinics: an Iranian service providers and service recipients experience.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.METHOD: Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression.RESULTS: Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.",
+        "output": "Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LOS ANGELES - FAT Brands Inc. (NASDAQ: FAT), a prominent franchising company known for its portfolio of restaurant brands, has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share for both its Class A and Class B common stock. The dividend is scheduled for payment on March 1, 2024, to stockholders recorded by February 15, 2024.FAT Brands, which oversees a diverse array of eighteen restaurant concepts including Round Table Pizza, Fatburger, and Johnny Rockets, has a global presence, franchising and owning more than 2,300 units across the world.FAT Brands has positioned itself as a key player in the restaurant franchising sector by acquiring and developing a variety of dining establishments that range from quick service to casual dining. Their brand portfolio has expanded to include Great American Cookies, Smokey Bones, and Elevation Burger, among others.The information regarding the dividend is based on a press release statement from FAT Brands. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "FAT Brands Inc. (NASDAQ: FAT) has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share for both its Class A and Class B common stock, payable on March 1, 2024, to stockholders recorded by February 15, 2024. The company, which owns and franchises over 2,300 restaurant units globally, has a diverse portfolio of 18 restaurant concepts, including Round Table Pizza, Fatburger, and Johnny Rockets.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The South American Archaeological Isotopic Database (SAAID) is a comprehensive open-access resource that aggregates all available bioarchaeological stable and radiogenic isotope measurements, encompassing data from human individuals, animals, and plants across South America. Resulting from a collaborative effort of scholars who work with stable isotopes in this region, SAAID contains 53,781 isotopic measurements across 24,507 entries from individuals/specimens spanning over 12,000 years. SAAID includes valuable contextual information on archaeological samples and respective sites, such as chronology, geographical region, biome, and spatial coordinates, biological details like estimated sex and age for human individuals, and taxonomic description for fauna and flora. SAAID is hosted at the PACHAMAMA community within the Pandora data platform and the CORA repository to facilitate easy access. Because of its rich data structure, SAAID is particularly well-suited for conducting spatiotemporal meta-analyses. It serves as a valuable tool for addressing a variety of research topics, including the spread, adoption, and consumption intensification of food items, paleo-environmental reconstruction, as well as the exploration of mobility patterns across extensive geographic regions.",
+        "output": "South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show age-related decreases in the ability to perform activities of daily living and the decline in these activities is related to the severity of neurobiological deterioration underlying the disease. The 5xFAD mouse model of AD shows age-related impairments in sensory- motor and cognitive function, but little is known about changes in species-typical behaviours that may model activities of daily living in AD patients. Therefore, we examined species-typical behaviours used as indices of exploration (rearing) and compulsivity (grooming) across six tests of anxiety-like behaviour or motor function in female 5xFAD mice from 3 to 16 months of age. Robust decreases in rearing were found in 5xFAD mice across all tests after 9 months of age, although few differences were observed in grooming. A fine-scale analysis of grooming, however, revealed a previously unresolved and spatially restricted pattern of grooming in 5xFAD mice at 13-16 months of age. We then examined changes in species-typical behaviours in the home-cage, and show impaired nest building in 5xFAD mice at all ages tested. Lastly, we examined the relationship between reduced species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice and the presentation of freezing behaviour, a commonly used measure of memory for conditioned fear. These results showed that along with cognitive and sensory-motor behaviour, 5xFAD mice have robust age-related impairments in species-typical behaviours. Therefore, species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice may help to model the decline in activities of daily living observed in AD patients, and may provide useful behavioural phenotypes for evaluating the pre-clinical efficacy of novel therapeutics for AD.",
-        "output": "Age-related changes in species-typical behaviours in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease from 4 to 16 months of age.",
+        "input": "Soil is a complex material that exhibits both spatial variability and anisotropy. For simplicity, the traditional approach for analyzing slope stability often assumes that soil is homogeneous or isotropic, which can lead to an overestimation of slope stability and reliability. To address this issue, a novel approach is proposed in this study that uses an anisotropic yield criterion based on the random finite-element method to evaluate the influence of strength anisotropy on slope stability, while accounting for the influence of spatial variability on reliability. The proposed approach is applied to a typical case of slope reliability analysis. It is shown that the results of the proposed approach are consistent with those of previous studies and OPTUM G2 outcomes. The assessment involves determining the safety factors for both homogeneous and anisotropic conditions, while also taking into account the probability of failure in the presence of spatial variability. It is found that strength anisotropy significantly affects slope stability and reliability, as the factor of safety decreases from 1.255 to 1.037 and the probability of failure increases from 3.5% to 52.1% when considering strength anisotropy (n=0.707, xi=11.25 degrees). In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the influence of slope geometric parameters, strength anisotropic parameters, and spatial variability parameters on slope stability and reliability.",
+        "output": "Random Finite-Element Analysis of Slope Considering Strength Anisotropy and Spatial Variability of Soil",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - A standout performer in the tech sector, Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA), reached a record high, providing a boost to the Nasdaq's performance. The milestone for Nvidia highlighted a bright spot in an otherwise cautious market environment. \ufeffDespite the tech gains, broader market concerns loomed, particularly with Treasury yields holding above the 4% mark, reflecting ongoing investor unease about potential monetary policy shifts.Wall Street concluded today with varied outcomes among major indices, as the S&P 500 dipped slightly by 0.15% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 157.85 points, a 0.42% decrease. In contrast, the Nasdaq Composite edged higher by 0.09%. The mixed results came as investors navigated through a landscape of anticipation, with key consumer price data on the horizon that could sway the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions.In the realm of digital currencies, Bitcoin saw a day of fluctuations, ultimately closing with a minor loss of 0.42%, landing at $46,739. The cryptocurrency's movements mirrored the broader market's search for direction amidst the prevailing uncertainties.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Nvidia's record high boosted the Nasdaq, but broader market concerns persisted due to Treasury yields above 4%, leading to mixed outcomes: S&P 500 down 0.15%, Dow Jones down 0.42%, and Nasdaq up 0.09%. Bitcoin fluctuated, closing with a minor loss of 0.42%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A central function of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in the United States has been to center and express the lived experiences of Black people within the social and political framework of white supremacy. Regarding reproductive justice, BLM, as well as organizations like the Black Mamas Matter Alliance and Sistersong, have drawn political attention to the oppressive parameters existing for pregnant people birthing while Black. Attention to disparities in health and birth outcomes for Black persons has necessary positive effects, such as the ability to produce data on the deleterious effects of anti-Blackness. However, discourses surrounding Black birthing persons can function to obfuscate the collective action undertaken by Black women and non-Black women of color. In this paper, I argue the hyper-focus on the problems Black pregnant/birthing persons face has at least four issues: (1) it encourages an ontological collapse wherein Black birthers are positioned as problems, rather than human beings facing problems; (2) obscures the collective action and care Black women undertake to support one another; (3) results in state solutions that rely on underpaid and volunteer labor of Black and non-Black women of color; and (4) focuses myopically on the time period of pregnancy and birthing for Black persons.",
+        "output": "The Politics of Doulas: Black Feminist Collective Action in Response to Birthing While Black",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The interaction between water and green spaces holds significant importance as an urban carbon sink, but there has been insufficient attention to how the specific morphology of waterfront landscapes affects their capacity for carbon sink. This study focuses on typical riverfront spaces in Shanghai, employing an improved Carnegie-AmesStanford-Approach (CASA) model fused with remote sensing spatiotemporal images to simulate vegetation fixed carbon within urban riverfront green spaces. Furthermore, an interpretable machine learning method was utilized to unveil the mechanism driving spatial heterogeneity in carbon sink efficiency. The results reveal the carbon sink efficiency of urban riverfront green spaces exhibits noticeable spatial heterogeneity, varying according to the location, type, scale, and river elements; The internal green component factors, including vegetation coverage and tree green ratio, along with surrounding environmental factor water surface ratio, are key factors influencing the carbon sinks efficiency; Hydrological elements within specific thresholds, namely, water surface ratio ranges between 0.245 and 0.281, can effectively enhance the carbon sink capacity of green spaces. And the maximum influencing value of distance from the water body is about 1800 m. The study contributes to developing a more scientific layout for climate-adaptive urban riverfront green spaces on the mesoscale.",
-        "output": "The impact of landscape spatial morphology on green carbon sink in the urban riverfront area",
+        "input": "Making health science students aware of the importance of basic science knowledge for professional practice is a major educational challenge, especially during the early years of preclinical courses. Here, using an integrated curricular approach, we analyze whether Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA), which combine active learning methodologies for teaching basic science in clinical scenarios, can help to develop deeper learning and student engagement. In order to increase student motivation, we evaluated the effectiveness of WSLA using statistical analyses and an observation tool based on the ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive) framework, which categorizes learning tasks based on the nature of student engagement. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the different summative evaluations along the development of the activities, indicating the learning process inherent to WSLA progression and affirming the positive influence of WSLA on academic outcomes. Comparing the pre- and post-tests, students scored significantly higher on the post-test (statistically significant p<0.001). WSLA promotes both constructivist and interactive learning, as validated by its alignment with the ICAP model. The study examines student engagement through systematic observation, revealing a relationship between student engagement and final grades. Students who exhibit constructive learning consistently earn higher grades, emphasizing the positive impact of active engagement. Thus, passive behavior profiles show a significant proportion of fails (40%), while constructive profiles stand out as the sole recipients of the coveted excellent rating. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of WSLA in promoting active learning and enhancing student engagement within integrated health education curricula. It highlights the importance of active learning behaviors for academic success and suggests avenues for further research to optimize integrated teaching methodologies in medical education.",
+        "output": "Enhancing academic performance and student engagement in health education: insights from Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA).",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
-        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
+        "input": "This article explores the complex material history of the portrait collection of Indigenous delegates by Henry Inman (1801-1846), and the ethical dilemmas raised during the last conservation campaign. The so-called 'Indian Gallery,' painted by Charles Bird King and copied by Henry Inman in the late 1830s, offers a study case on how conservation can contribute to the visibility of this unique series of 27 Indigenous delegates portraits. Originally commissioned for Thomas L. McKenney as first Superintendent of Indian Affairs, the meaning of Henry Inman's copies shifted when they entered the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology in 1882. Turned into 'docile objects' their new display had them fit a different ethnographic discourse. Recently transferred to the Harvard Art Museums (2023), the last conservation campaign challenged this discourse and proposed new ways to look at the collection offering a new interpretation through material analysis.",
+        "output": "Conservation as Cultural Practice: The Portrait Collection of Indigenous Delegates by Henry Inman",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 9 (IANS) Essar Oil UK announces the selection of the final key licensor technology provider, Elessent Clean Technologies\u2019 BELCO gas cleaning technology for the planned EET Industrial Carbon Capture facility based at Stanlow, UK.This is another pivotal step towards Essar Oil UK\u2019s $1.2billion investments in decarbonising the refinery by reducing 2 million tons of CO2 (95 per cent) emissions, making it the world\u2019s first low carbon refinery and world\u2019s first low carbon fuel producer.Deepak Maheshwari, CEO of Essar Oil UK, said: \u201cIt\u2019s great to have our final licensor technology provider in place as we move into the next phase of our decarbonisation strategy. With an investment of $1.2 billion, Essar Oil UK is positioned to be the world\u2019s first low carbon refinery. Elessent Clean Technologies is a valuable partner in our plan to reduce our refinery emissions by 95 per cent using the BELCO scrubbing technology.Essar\u2019s overall decarbonisation strategy aims to reduce refinery emissions with 2 state-of-the-art projects:\u00b7 Industrial carbon capture announced at Stanlow in November 2022 and planned to be operational by 2028.The project will result in an annual reduction of 1 million tons of CO2\u00b7 Hydrogen fuel switching involves switching from natural gas and other refinery fuel sources to hydrogen as a fuel, resulting in an annual reduction of 1 million tons of CO2This investment ensures that Essar Oil UK will continue to operate sustainably, contributing to the North West\u2019s economic well-being and playing a crucial role in securing UK energy security and resilience.With the selection of Elessent Clean Technologies, Essar Oil UK has onboarded all its key technology partners and the development of the basic engineering design packages (BEDP) for the licensed technologies is being progressed. This is an essential milestone during the front-end engineering design (FEED) phase of the project.Michael Cherry, Vice President of Refining Technologies at Elessent Clean Technologies, said: \u201cTogether with Essar, we have worked to provide an essential and reliable gas cleaning solution for the carbon capture facility. With our BELCO scrubbing technology, we will ensure clean and cool flue gas is delivered.\u201d--IANS",
-        "output": "Essar Oil UK has selected Elessent Clean Technologies' BELCO gas cleaning technology for its planned EET Industrial Carbon Capture facility at Stanlow, UK, as part of its $1.2 billion investment to decarbonize the refinery and reduce 2 million tons of CO2 emissions annually.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Neuromorphic event-based cameras communicate transients in luminance instead of frames, providing visual information with a fine temporal resolution, high dynamic range and high signal-to-noise ratio. Enriching event data with color information allows for the reconstruction of colorful frame-like intensity maps, supporting improved performance and visually appealing results in various computer vision tasks. In this work, we simulated a biologically inspired color fusion system featuring a three-stage convolutional neural network for reconstructing color intensity maps from event data and sparse color cues. While current approaches for color fusion use full RGB frames in high resolution, our design uses event data and low-spatial and tonal-resolution quantized color cues, providing a high-performing small model for efficient colorful image reconstruction. The proposed model outperforms existing coloring schemes in terms of SSIM, LPIPS, PSNR, and CIEDE2000 metrics. We demonstrate that auxiliary limited color information can be used in conjunction with event data to successfully reconstruct both color and intensity frames, paving the way for more efficient hardware designs.",
+        "output": "Colorful image reconstruction from neuromorphic event cameras with biologically inspired deep color fusion neural networks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article contributes to the scholarly discourse on the repercussions of trade liberalization in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that contributed to early globalization, offering a perspective that extends beyond the traditional focus on Atlantic economies. Our study centres on East and Southeast Asia, pivotal in Pacific and Indian Ocean trade. We overcome data scarcity by presenting a new, partner-disaggregated imports dataset spanning 10 ports across the region from 1795 to 1839. Employing a gravity model and incorporating interactions, we assess the degree of intra-Asian trade and its evolution following key events that liberalized East and Southeast Asian commerce in a period when measurable global integration started to become apparent. Supporting new Asian scholarship, our results highlight the remarkable intra-Asian trade before the high colonial era. We also show that, in general, colonial trade policies fostering inter-continental trade disproportionately augmented colonial imports in East and Southeast Asia, eclipsing gains in intra-Asian or Pacific trade, especially before 1830. We explore the impact of the influx of British textiles in the region as a mechanism to explain these trends. Our study illuminates complex trade dynamics in East and Southeast Asia during a transformative period of measurable global integration.",
-        "output": "Breaking free? The evolution of intra-Asian trade at the dawn of globalization (1795-1839)",
+        "input": "Increasingly, research demonstrates economic benefits of tobacco cessation in cancer care, as seen in a new study by Kypriotakis and colleagues of the MD Anderson cessation program, demonstrating median health care cost savings of $1,095 per patient over 3 months. While the cost-effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs from a hospital perspective is important, implementation decisions in a predominantly fee-for-service system, such as in the United States, too often insufficiently value this outcome. Economic barriers, stakeholder disincentives, and payment models all impact program implementation. Combining economic evaluation with implementation research, including assessment of return-on-investment, may enhance sustainability and inform decision-making in cancer care settings. See related article by Kypriotakis et al., p. 217.",
+        "output": "Economic Considerations for Implementing Tobacco Cessation Programs in Cancer Care Settings.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The Nifty 50 index hit the 20,000-mark milestone in intra-day deals on Monday, and is on track to hit 21,000 levels in the next two months (by Diwali) \u2013 an upside of 5 per cent from the current levels, suggest technical analysts. However, there can be intermittent corrections on the way, which analysts suggest can be used to buy stocks.\u201cThe last few days are testimony to the undertone of this bull-market. The good thing is there is new leadership from stocks of information",
-        "output": "The Nifty 50 index reached the 20,000-mark on Monday and is expected to reach 21,000 by Diwali, a 5% increase from current levels, despite potential corrections along the way.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Representations of the slim body have traditionally been at the centre of scholarly interest in dieting culture, whereas food often remains a shadowy presence compared with more persistent themes of body discipline, slenderness and anti-fat messages. This article offers a different perspective on weight-loss dieting, placing food at the very centre of the analysis. By examining different diets in British and Scandinavian ladies' magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s, I argue that the gendering of different foods was central to the changes that weight-loss diets went through at the turn of the twentieth century, when the meat-heavy diets associated with male dieting were gradually transformed. That this process was initiated within the feminine beauty culture promoted by ladies' magazines is reinforced by the fact that weight-loss diets changed well before mainstream nutritional advice did. The empirical analysis shows that this process of feminisation tied weight-loss diets to existing, vegetarian beauty routines for a good complexion, suggesting that modern dieting culture is not only about slimming, but can be seen as a variation of a theme within beauty culture that centres around the imagined impact of different foods on the gendered body.",
+        "output": "Where's the beef? The feminisation of weight-loss dieting in Britain and Scandinavia c.1890-1925",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In the second half of the session on Tuesday, Nifty recovered almost 100 points from the first half's low and ended the session near day's high. The Bank Nifty found support on its 200-DEMA and reversed north during the session.200-DEMA for Nifty and BankNifty are placed at 19,447 and 43,996 respectively. These levels could offer resistance for both benchmark indices. Existing longs in Nifty should be held with the stoploss of 19,276.Last price: Rs 238.05Target: Rs 255Stop-loss: Rs 231On October 30, the stock broke out from the downward sloping trend line on the daily charts. On November 06, the stock price broke out from bullish \u201cFlag\u201d pattern on the daily charts, indicating continuation of an uptrend.The stock price has formed strong base in the zone of Rs 205-210 and bounced back. The stock is placed above 50-, 100- and 200-DEMA, indicating bullish trend on all time frames. Indicators and Oscillators like MACD, DMI and RSI have turned bullish on the daily charts.Last close: Rs 737.90Target: Rs 799Stop-loss: Rs 710The stock price has broken out from last 8 week's price consolidation. The stock price has closed above 50-days EMA decisively. Indicators and oscillators have turned bullish on the daily chart.The stock is placed above 20-, 50-, 100- and 200-DEMA, indicating bullish trend on all time frames.",
-        "output": "Nifty recovered 100 points from its low on Tuesday, ending near the day's high, while Bank Nifty reversed north from its 200-DEMA support. The stock price of the first company has broken out from a downward sloping trend line and a bullish \"Flag\" pattern, indicating an uptrend continuation. The stock price of the second company has broken out from an 8-week price consolidation and is placed above all its DEMAs, indicating a bullish trend.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Landslides represent a prevalent geological hazard in reservoir areas, posing significant risks to the lives and properties of residents. It is widely acknowledged that rainfall and the fluctuation of reservoir water level are two primary factors triggering reservoir landslides. However, there has been limited research on multi-sliding zone reservoir bank landslides, and existing studies fail to adequately characterize the evolutionary process of this type of landslide. In this paper, the Outang landslide located in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was taken as a case study to evaluate its stability and failure probability. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on statistical mechanical parameters and autocorrelation functions initially, followed by a comparative analysis of annual stability and reliability. The results indicate that the stability of the Outang landslide is predominantly influenced by the water level fluctuation, and the lower sliding zone plays a pivotal role in affecting the overall stability compared with other regions in the landslide. Furthermore, variations in failure probability are notably influenced by the frictional angle and the vertical scale of fluctuation, with autocorrelation functions playing a more significant role when the coefficient of variation is small and the vertical scale of fluctuation is large. This study could provide valuable guidance for the prevention and mitigation of analogous multi-sliding zone reservoir bank landslides.",
+        "output": "Deterministic and probabilistic analysis of a multi-sliding zone reservoir bank landslide influenced by the combined effects of reservoir water level fluctuation and precipitation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Even as the near-term outlook for the quick service restaurant (QSR) remains muted, brokerages are positive about the prospects of Sapphire Foods India. Their preference for the QSR chain comes on the back of the steady performance of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), superior execution and reasonable valuations. The Sapphire Foods\u2019 stock is up 11 per cent since the start of November.While the company has a franchise for both KFC and Pizza Hut (PH), the Street believes that the KFC business will do better than PH business in the near term.\u201cRegional competition is not a threat in this category",
-        "output": "Sapphire Foods India's stock has risen 11% since November due to positive brokerage outlook on its KFC franchise's performance, superior execution, and reasonable valuations, despite a muted near-term outlook for the QSR industry.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This article maps two grids of city walking tours, conceptualizing them as expressions of transcultural memory activism. The first are walking tours in Berlin, guided by Syrian refugees, which use memorials of local traumatic history to testify to the refugees' current traumas. The second are walking tours in an impoverished neighbourhood of south Tel Aviv, that inter-weave African asylum seekers' travelling memories as part of the story of those streets. Analysing these tours, the article probes how references to histories of urban migration and traumatic legacies might inform contemporary political projects asserting the rights of refugees, and redefine the parameters of urban belonging. It therefore proposes a dual theoretical contribution: (1) advancing the transcultural turn in memory studies by paying greater attention to the materiality and performativity of transcultural memory and (2) enhancing research on the agency of refugees by demonstrating how they affect and expand the public memory of the contested national and urban contexts in which they travel or inhabit.",
+        "output": "Walking tours as transcultural memory activism: Referencing memories of trauma and migration to redefine urban belonging",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.",
-        "output": "A scientist for president.",
+        "input": "Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the editorial board of the journal.",
+        "output": "2004 Tsunami: Lessons Learned from a Hospital's First Disaster Experience",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of HFCL soared 7 per cent to high a high of Rs 77.50 in Monday's intra-day trades on the back of winning a mega order, in an otherwise subdued market.At 1:15 PM, the stock was up 4 per cent at Rs 75.20 with trades of around 9.79 lakh shares as against the two-week average volume of around 11.57 lakh shares on the BSE. Meanwhile, the S&P BSE Sensex was down 0.2 per cent at 67,700.According to a release issued by the company to the BSE on Sunday, it has secured the order aggregating to Rs 1,015 crore, from Madhya Pradesh Jal Nigam, a Government of Madhya Pradesh Undertaking (MPJN).The said order encompasses for providing EPC Services including provision for laying of optical fiber cables on critical and important routes, for the execution of Multi - Village Drinking Water Supply Network in Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh. This order is expected to boost the company's revenue and profitability, the release stated.The aforesaid Project will be executed by the company in collaboration with Khilari Infrastructure as a consortium partner, the release further added.Earlier this month, the Reliance Industries-backed firm has won an Rs 82.60 crore order from a domestic telecom service provider.HFCL is a Gurugram-based company, primarily engaged in the business of design, development and manufacturing of telecommunications equipment, fibre-optic cables and other related electronics.For the quarter ended June 2023, the company had posted a marginal growth in net profit at Rs 4.88 crore when compared with Rs 4.81 crore in the corresponding quarter a year ago. Total income was down 7.5 per cent year-on-year (YoY) at Rs 88.03 crore.",
-        "output": "HFCL's shares surged 7% on Monday after securing a Rs 1,015 crore order from Madhya Pradesh Jal Nigam for providing EPC services for a drinking water supply network in Sheopur district. This order is expected to boost the company's revenue and profitability.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this wide-ranging conversation, six scholars of South Africa detail threads of continuity and change in the historiographies, popular memories, archives, research agendas, methodologies, and within the South African academy and historical professional since the end of formal apartheid in 1994.",
+        "output": "South Africa, 1994+30: A Conversation About History After Apartheid",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stock markets kicked off the New Year on a flat note with benchmark Sensex closing with modest gains of 31 points in a highly volatile trading session on Monday helped by buying in energy, services and telecom shares.The 30-shares barometer scaled new intraday record high of 72,561.91 before closing at 72,271.94, a gain of 31.68 points or 0.04 per cent over the last close. During the day, it hit a low of 72,031.23 and a high of 72,561.91.The broader Nifty also hit its all-time intraday high of 21,834.35 before settling higher by 10.50 points or 0.05 per cent at 21,741.90. As many as 22 Nifty shares advanced while 28 declined.Key stock indices remained volatile throughout the session as traders were indecisive in the absence of global cues, analysts said.\"Market exhibited strength led by optimism on rate cuts, easing global inflation, and softer bond yields. But profit booking was visible at higher levels as lingering concerns over Red Sea disruptions pose short-term risks to global supply chains and freight costs,\" Vinod Nair, Head of Research at Geojit Financial Services, said.The spotlight of this week is also on FOMC minutes which will provide an insight for 2024 rate cut, Nair added.In 2023, the BSE benchmark jumped 11,399.52 points or 18.73 per cent, and the Nifty climbed 3,626.1 points or 20 per cent.On the Sensex chart, Nestle, Tech Mahindra, HCL Technologies, Tata Motors, Wipro and ITC were among the winners.In contrast, Bharti Airtel, Mahindra & Mahindra, Bajaj Finserv, HDFC Bank, NTPC and Hindustan Unilever were among the laggards.Momentum in mid and small caps remained strong, buoyed by a positive macro-outlook but private banks experienced a reversal trend.In the broader market, the BSE smallcap gauge climbed 0.73 per cent and midcap index advanced 0.54 per cent.Among the indices, energy jumped 0.82 per cent, telecommunication climbed 0.76 per cent, services (0.73 per cent), commodities (0.59 per cent), oil & gas (0.64 per cent) and industrials (0.35 per cent).Auto, bankex and consumer durables were the laggards.Asian and European markets were closed on Monday for the New Year. The US markets ended marginally lower on Friday.According to exchange data, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) bought equities worth Rs 1,459.12 crore on Friday.The BSE benchmark fell 170.12 points or 0.23 per cent to settle at 72,240.26 on the last trading day of 2023 on Friday. The Nifty declined 47.30 points or 0.22 per cent to settle at 21,731.40.",
-        "output": "Indian stock markets began the new year with modest gains, with the Sensex closing 31 points higher at 72,271.94, supported by buying in energy, services, and telecom sectors. The Nifty also hit an all-time intraday high of 21,834.35 before settling at 21,741.90, up 10.50 points.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Recently, brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving pattern recognition tasks. However, these SNNs are grounded on homogeneous neurons that utilize a uniform neural coding for information representation. Given that each neural coding scheme possesses its own merits and drawbacks, these SNNs encounter challenges in achieving optimal performance such as accuracy, response time, efficiency, and robustness, all of which are crucial for practical applications. In this study, we argue that SNN architectures should be holistically designed to incorporate heterogeneous coding schemes. As an initial exploration in this direction, we propose a hybrid neural coding and learning framework, which encompasses a neural coding zoo with diverse neural coding schemes discovered in neuroscience. Additionally, it incorporates a flexible neural coding assignment strategy to accommodate task-specific requirements, along with novel layer-wise learning methods to effectively implement hybrid coding SNNs. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework on image classification and sound localization tasks. Specifically, the proposed hybrid coding SNNs achieve comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art SNNs, while exhibiting significantly reduced inference latency and energy consumption, as well as high noise robustness. This study yields valuable insights into hybrid neural coding designs, paving the way for developing high-performance neuromorphic systems.",
+        "output": "A Hybrid Neural Coding Approach for Pattern Recognition With Spiking Neural Networks",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Equity markets staged a swift rally this week with the BSE Sensex index soaring 1,383 points and BSE's market-cap topping the historic $4 trillion-mark for the first time.On Friday, December 1, the Sensex jumped 569 points to an intra-day high of 67,557. The NSE Nifty benchmark scaled a new peak of 20,285 the same day, in a little over two months, since its previous record high of 20,222 made on September 15.November was a blockbuster month for the Nifty index, which rose 5.5 per cent, the most since July 2022.The rally came after a bout of",
-        "output": "Indian equity markets surged this week, with the Sensex gaining 1,383 points and crossing the $4 trillion market cap milestone for the first time. The Nifty index hit a new peak of 20,285, driven by a 5.5% rise in November, the highest since July 2022.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which a gamete (ovum or sperm) develops without being fertilized. Tomer Jordi Chaffer uses parthenogenesis to challenge Don Marquis' future-like-ours (FLO) argument against abortion. According to Marquis, (1) what makes it morally wrong to kill us is that it would deprive us of a possible future that we might come to value-a future like ours (FLO) and (2) human fetuses are numerically identical to any adult human organism they may develop into, and thus have a FLO. Chaffer contends that if human ova are capable of parthenogenesis, then they would have a FLO, which contraception may deprive them of, but contends this is absurd. Bruce P. Blackshaw challenges Chaffer, contending sexually fertilized embryos are not identical to unfertilized ovum, but this would yield a more absurd implication, that fertilization deprives an ovum of a FLO! Here I show Marquis' account of identity rules out both Chaffer's and Blackshaw's accounts.",
+        "output": "Parthenogenesis, identity, and value",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PURPOSE: To determine older adults' metaphorical perceptions of the concept of aging.METHOD: Participants in this qualitative study comprised 57 older adults as determined using convenience and criterion sampling methods. Data were obtained using a personal data form and the metaphor form and analyzed with descriptive and content analysis techniques.RESULTS: Fifty-seven metaphors were identified within three themes: 24 within Mental Aspect, 18 within Physical Aspect, and 15 within Psychosocial Aspect.CONCLUSION: The fact that most metaphors appeared within the Mental Aspect theme was interpreted as an indication that participants felt the effects of aging more in the mental dimension. Results of the research show that aging is perceived as experience and accumulation mentally, as inadequacy physically, and as the end or loneliness psychosocially. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(5), 27-34.].",
-        "output": "Older Adults' Metaphorical Perceptions of Aging in Turkey.",
+        "input": "Working-class first-generation (FG) college students are underrepresented in higher education and STEM. Using a longitudinal quasi-experiment, we tested the impacts of a living learning community (LLC) in the biological sciences on FG students in their first year of college (Semester 1: N=243; Semester 2: N=199), across three cohorts (2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021). Participation in the LLC enhanced FG students' belonging, confidence, motivation, grades, knowledge of the social relevance of biology, and reduced STEM anxiety compared to a control group of FG students not in an LLC. LLC participation also increased retention in biological science majors one-year post-intervention compared to the control FG group. Moreover, LLC participation closed the academic gap between FG students in the LLC and honors students from college-educated families in a separate honors LLC. Benefits of the LLC intervention remained stable despite the COVID-19 pandemic, when living together became impossible, producing positive effects across cohorts from pre-pandemic to in-pandemic. Our results suggest that affinity-based learning communities-with or without shared housing-in the transition to college enhance academic thriving, persistence, and reduce social class driven achievement gaps in STEM.",
+        "output": "An identity-based learning community intervention enhances the lived experience and success of first-generation college students in the biological sciences.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza epidemics have a substantial public health and economic burden, which can be alleviated through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a 75% vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in: older adults (aged\u226565years), individuals with chronic conditions, pregnant women, children aged 6-24months and healthcare workers. However, no European country achieves this target in all risk groups. In this study, potential public health and economic benefits achieved by reaching 75% influenza VCR was estimated in risk groups across four European countries: France, Italy, Spain, and the UK.METHODS: A static epidemiological model was used to estimate the averted public health and economic burden of increasing the 2021/2022 season VCR to 75%, using the efficacy data of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine. For each country and risk group, the most recent data on population size, VCR, pre-pandemic influenza epidemiology, direct medical costs and absenteeism were identified through a systematic literature review, supplemented by manual searching. Outcomes were: averted influenza cases, general practitioner (GP) visits, hospitalisations, case fatalities, number of days of work lost, direct medical costs and absenteeism-related costs.RESULTS: As of the 2021/2022 season, the UK achieved the highest weighted VCR across risk groups (65%), followed by Spain (47%), France (44%) and Italy (44%). Based on modelling, the 2021/2022 VCR prevented an estimated 1.9 million influenza cases, avoiding 375,200 GP visits, 73,200 hospitalisations and 38,400 deaths. To achieve the WHO 75% VCR target, an additional 24 million at-risk individuals would need to be vaccinated, most of which being older adults and patients with chronic conditions. It was estimated that this could avoid a further 918,200 influenza cases, 332,000 GP visits, 16,300 hospitalisations and 6,300 deaths across the four countries, with older adults accounting for 52% of hospitalisations and 80% of deaths. An additional 84 million in direct medical costs and 79 million in absenteeism costs would be saved in total, with most economic benefits delivered in France.CONCLUSIONS: Older adults represent most vaccine-preventable influenza cases and deaths, followed by individuals with chronic conditions. Health authorities should prioritise vaccinating these populations for maximum public health and economic benefits.",
-        "output": "Public health and economic benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination in risk groups in France, Italy, Spain and the UK: state of play and perspectives.",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: The increasing elderly population has led to a growing demand for healthcare services. A hospital at home treatment model offers an alternative to standard hospital admission, with the potential to reduce readmission and healthcare consumption while improving patients' quality of life. However, there is little evidence regarding hospital at home treatment in a Danish setting. This article describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing standard hospital admission to hospital at home treatment. The main aim of the intervention is to reduce 30-day acute readmission after discharge and improve the quality of life of elderly acute patients.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 849 elderly acute patients will be randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either the control or intervention group in the trial. The control group will receive standard hospital treatment in a hospital emergency department while the intervention group will receive treatment at home. The primary outcomes of the trial are the rate of 30-day acute readmission and quality of life, assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5-Level instrument. Primary analyses are based on the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes are basic functional mobility, resource use in healthcare, primary and secondary healthcare cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the mortality rate 3months after discharge.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The RCT was approved by the Ethical Committee, Central Denmark Region (no. 1-10-72-67-20). Results will be presented at relevant national and international meetings and conferences and will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, we plan to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders in the Danish healthcare system.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05360914.",
+        "output": "Hospital at home for elderly acute patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) Mutual fund redemptions increased 39 per cent year on year to Rs 3,323 billion, leading to a decline in net inflows to Rs 2,063 billion in calendar year CY23 from Rs 2,383 billion in CY22, Motilal Oswal (NS:MOFS) Financial Services said in a report.Domestic MFs\u2019 equity assets under management (AUM) rose for the 10th consecutive year to reach Rs 23.8 trillion (+43 39 per cent YoY) in CY23. The rise in AUM was fueled by an uptrend in market indices (Nifty: +20 39 per cent YoY) and higher equity scheme sales (at Rs 5,386b +13 39 per cent YoY). The MF industry\u2019s total AUM increased 27 39 per cent YoY (Rs 10.9t) to Rs 50.8t in CY23, propelled by the growth in equity funds (Rs 7,224b), other ETFs (Rs 1,255b), balanced funds (Rs 1,109b), and arbitrage funds (Rs 595b).Investors continued to park their money in mutual funds, with inflows and contributions in systematic investment plans (SIPs) reaching a new high of Rs 176.1 billion in December 2023 (up 3.1 39 per cent MoM and 29.7 39 per cent YoY), the report said.The year saw a notable change in the sector and stock allocation of funds. The weight of defensives improved 120bp to 29.6 39 per cent, propelled by an increase in the weights of Utilities, Healthcare, and Telecom; while Technology, and Consumer moderated.The weight of Domestic Cyclicals declined 110bp to 62.1 39 per cent, pulled down by BFSI, and Chemicals.Global Cyclicals\u2019 weightage, too, decreased 20bp to 8.2 39 per cent, led by Oil & Gas.Capital Goods improved its position to fourth from eighth a year ago, with the weight increasing 130bp to 7.5 39 per cent in CY23, the report said.The BFSI pack, however, saw a massive 360bp contraction in weight to 29 39 per cent. Technology\u2019 position remained unchanged over the last one year, with the weightage moderating 30bp to 9.4 39 per cent.Healthcare saw a rise in weight to 6.9 39 per cent (+60bp YoY) in CY23. Utilities witnessed a surge in weight to 4.3 39 per cent (+110bp YoY), the report said.--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Mutual fund redemptions surged by 39% YoY to Rs 3,323 billion in CY23, leading to a decline in net inflows to Rs 2,063 billion from Rs 2,383 billion in CY22. The MF industry's total AUM increased 27% YoY to Rs 50.8 trillion in CY23, driven by growth in equity funds, other ETFs, balanced funds, and arbitrage funds.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Because humans spend about one-third of their time asleep in their bedrooms and are themselves emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is important to specifically characterize the composition of the bedroom air that they experience during sleep. This work uses real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to examine concentration enhancements in bedroom air during sleep and to calculate VOC emission rates associated with sleeping occupants. Gaseous VOCs were measured with proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry during a multiweek residential monitoring campaign under normal occupancy conditions. Results indicate high emissions of nearly 100 VOCs and other species in the bedroom during sleeping periods as compared to the levels in other rooms of the same residence. Air change rates for the bedroom and, correspondingly, emission rates of sleeping-associated VOCs were determined for two bounding conditions: (1) air exchange between the bedroom and outdoors only and (2) air exchange between the bedroom and other indoor spaces only (as represented by measurements in the kitchen). VOCs from skin oil oxidation and personal care products were present, revealing that many emission pathways can be important occupant-associated emission factors affecting bedroom air composition in addition to direct emissions from building materials and furnishings.",
+        "output": "Bedroom Concentrations and Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds during Sleep.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest is 1 of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 340000 out-of-hospital and 292000 in-hospital cardiac arrest events per year in the United States. Survival rates are lower in certain racial and socioeconomic groups.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a county-level cross-sectional longitudinal study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death data set between 2016 and 2020 among individuals of all ages whose death was attributed to cardiac arrest. The Social Vulnerability Index is a composite measure that includes socioeconomic vulnerability, household composition, disability, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups status and language, and housing and transportation domains. We examined the impact of social determinants on cardiac arrest mortality stratified by age, race, ethnicity, and sex in the United States. All age-adjusted mortality rate (cardiac arrest AAMRs) are reported as per 100000. Overall cardiac arrest AAMR during the study period was 95.6. The cardiac arrest AAMR was higher for men compared with women (119.6 versus 89.9) and for the Black population compared with the White population (150.4 versus 92.3). The cardiac arrest AAMR increased from 64.8 in counties in quintile 1 of Social Vulnerability Index to 141 in quintile 5, with an average increase of 13% (95% CI, 9.8%-16.9%) in AAMR per quintile increase.CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from cardiac arrest varies widely, with a >2-fold difference between the counties with the highest and lowest social vulnerability, highlighting the differential burden of cardiac arrest deaths throughout the United States based on social determinants of health.",
-        "output": "Impact of Social Vulnerability on Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the United States, 2016 to 2020.",
+        "input": "Australopiths are a group of early human ancestors that lived approximately 4 to 2 million years ago and are considered a key transitional form between apes and humans. Studying australopiths can help to understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of humans and gain insights into the unique adaptations and characteristics that set humans apart from other primates. A bibliometric-based review of publications on australopiths contained in the Scopus database was conducted, analyzing approximately 2000 of them. The main authors, institutions, and countries researching this subject were identified, as well as their future development. The connections between authors, countries, and research topics were also analyzed through the detection of communities. The more frequent keywords in this subject are hominid, animal, human, South Africa, and Australopithecus afarensis. Four main research clusters were identified in the field of australopiths: palaeobiology, cranial evolution, locomotion, and mandible evolution and morphometry. The most important countries in terms of collaboration networks are South Africa, the UK, France, and Germany. Research on australopiths is ongoing, and new research clusters are expected to emerge, such as those focused on pre-australopiths and the molecular evolution and taxonomy of australopiths. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on australopiths and offers insights into the current direction of the field.Les australopithes sont un groupe de premiers ancetres humains qui vivaient il y a environ 4 a 2 millions d'annees et sont consideres comme une forme de transition essentielle entre les singes et les humains. L'etude des australopithes peut aider a comprendre les processus evolutifs qui ont conduit a l'emergence de l'homme et a mieux comprendre les adaptations et les caracteristiques uniques qui distinguent l'homme des autres primates. Une etude bibliometrique des publications sur les australopithes contenues dans la base de donnees Scopus a ete realisee, analysant environ 2000 d'entre elles. Les principaux auteurs, institutions et pays menant des recherches sur ce sujet ont ete identifies, ainsi que leur evolution future. Les liens entre les auteurs, les pays et les sujets de recherche ont egalement ete analyses par la detection de communautes. Les mots-cles les plus frequents dans ce domaine sont hominid, animal, human, South Africa et Australopithecus afarensis. Quatre groupes de recherche principaux ont ete identifies dans le domaine des australopithes: paleobiologie, evolution cranienne, locomotion, et evolution et morphometrie de la mandibule. Les pays les plus importants en termes de reseaux de collaboration sont l'Afrique du Sud, le Royaume-Uni, la France et l'Allemagne. Les recherches sur les australopithes se poursuivent et de nouveaux groupes de recherche devraient voir le jour, comme ceux qui se concentrent sur les pre-australopithes et sur l'evolution moleculaire et la taxonomie des australopithes. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail fournit une vue d'ensemble de l'etat de la recherche sur les australopithes et donne un apercu de l'orientation actuelle.",
+        "output": "Worldwide Research on Australopiths",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types considering sex and age.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea including 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed with an FPC in 2009 to 2010 and followed them until December 31, 2019. We measured the SPC incidence per 10,000 person-years and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) compared with the incidence expected in the general population.RESULTS: Among 266,241 survivors (mean age at FPC: 55.7 years; 149,352/266,241, 56.1% women), 7348 SPCs occurred during 1,003,008 person-years of follow-up (median 4.3 years), representing a 26% lower risk of developing SPCs (SIR 0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.76). Overall, men with 14 of the 20 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs; women with 7 of the 21 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs. The risk of developing any SPC type differed by age; the risk was 28% higher in young (<40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.42; incidence: 30 per 10,000 person-years) and 27% lower in middle-aged and older (\u226540 years) cancer survivors (SIR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71-0.74; incidence: 80 per 10,000 person-years) compared with the age-corresponding general population. The most common types of FPCs were mainly observed as SPCs in cancer survivors, with lung (21.6%) and prostate (15.2%) cancers in men and breast (18.9%) and lung (12.2%) cancers in women. The risks of brain cancer in colorectal cancer survivors, lung cancer in laryngeal cancer survivors, and both kidney cancer and leukemia in thyroid cancer survivors were significantly higher for both sexes. Other high-risk SPCs varied by FPC type and sex. Strong positive associations among smoking-related cancers, such as laryngeal, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers, were observed. Substantial variation existed in the associations between specific types of FPC and specific types of SPC risk, which may be linked to hereditary cancer syndrome: for women, the risks of ovarian cancer for breast cancer survivors and uterus cancers for colorectal cancer survivors, and for men, the risk of pancreas cancer for kidney cancer survivors.CONCLUSIONS: The varying risk for SPCs by age, sex, and FPC types in cancer survivors implies the necessity for tailored prevention and screening programs targeting cancer survivors. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, are essential to reduce the risk of SPCs in cancer survivors. In addition, genetic testing, along with proactive cancer screening and prevention strategies, should be implemented for young cancer survivors because of their elevated risk of developing SPCs.",
-        "output": "Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers Among Adult-Onset 5-Year Cancer Survivors in South Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study.",
+        "input": "We develop a dynamic model of investment with moral hazard and provide a micro -foundation for financing constraints. In the model, standard investmentcash -flow sensitivity regressions will find a small coefficient on Tobin's Q and a large and significant coefficient on cash flow. Our calibration replicates the empirical fact that larger and more mature firms are less financially constrained but have higher investment -cash -flow sensitivity. Our theory therefore resolves the long-standing puzzle of the existence of the investment -cash -flow sensitivity and the seemingly weak relationship between investment -cash -flow sensitivity and the severity of financing constraints documented by Kaplan and Zingales (1997) and many others.",
+        "output": "Moral Hazard and Investment-Cash-Flow Sensitivity",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SEOUL - South Korea's Celltrion Holdings is preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) that could value the company at around 100-trillion-won ($75B). The offering, scheduled for late 2024 or early 2025, is part of a strategic move to establish a significant healthcare fund. Seo Jung-jin, the company's founder, is leading the effort and retains a substantial 98.5% stake in the firm.In a recent development, Seo Jin-seok, Co-CEO of Celltrion, outlined the company\u2019s growth strategy. The plan includes a strong focus on the development of biosimilars, novel drugs, and a new venture into digital healthcare. The company's ambitious growth plans were highlighted during Seo Jung-jin's presentation at the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference held on Wednesday. Celltrion's roadmap to 2030 includes a sales target of 11 billion won and a goal to achieve a 30% operating margin. Part of this expansion involves increasing its biosimilar portfolio, including products like Remsima, and capitalizing on opportunities within the digital healthcare sector.Seo also emphasized the critical role of Korea in the worldwide bio healthcare industry and underscored Celltrion's intent to amplify its international sales footprint. The company's strategy is to offer a diverse range of 22 drug products.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "South Korea's Celltrion Holdings plans an IPO in late 2024 or early 2025, aiming for a valuation of around $75 billion to establish a healthcare fund. The company's growth strategy includes a focus on biosimilars, novel drugs, and digital healthcare, with a sales target of 11 billion won and a 30% operating margin by 2030.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify the fundamental and geographic characteristics of the primary healthcare personnel mobility in Nanning from 2000 to 2021 and clarify the determinants that affect their transition to non-primary healthcare institutions.METHODS: Through utilizing the Primary Healthcare Personnel Database (PHPD) for 2000-2021, the study conducts descriptive statistical analysis on demographic, economic, and professional aspects of healthcare personnel mobility across healthcare reform phases. Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) were used to map mobility patterns, and R software was employed to calculate spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I). Logistic regression identified factors that influenced the transition to non-primary institutions.RESULTS: Primary healthcare personnel mobility is divided into four phases: initial (2000-2008), turning point (2009-2011), rapid development (2012-2020), and decline (2021). The rapid development stage saw increased mobility with no spatial clustering in inflow and outflow. From 2016 to 2020, primary healthcare worker mobility reached its peak, in which the most significant movement occurred between township health centers and other institutions. Aside from their transition to primary medical institutions, the primary movement of grassroots health personnel predominantly directs towards secondary general hospitals, tertiary general hospitals, and secondary specialized hospitals. Since 2012, the number and mobility distance of primary healthcare workers have become noticeably larger and remained at a higher level from 2016 to 2020. The main migration of primary healthcare personnel occurred in their districts (counties). Key transition factors include gender, education, ethnicity, professional category, general practice registration, and administrative division.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the features of primary healthcare personnel mobility in the less developed western regions of China, in which Nanning was taken as a case study. It uncovers the factors that impact the flow of primary healthcare personnel to non-primary healthcare institutions. These findings are helpful to policy refinement and support the retention of primary healthcare workers.",
+        "output": "Trends in the mobility of primary healthcare human resources in underdeveloped regions of western China from 2000 to 2021: Evidence from Nanning.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LONDON - GSK plc has made a strategic move to enhance its respiratory disease treatment portfolio by acquiring biotechnology firm Aiolos Bio, Inc. The deal, valued at $1 billion with an additional $400 million contingent on reaching regulatory milestones, positions GSK to potentially transform asthma care.Aiolos Bio has been developing AIO-001, an innovative long-acting anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody. This treatment stands out for its biannual dosing schedule, which could significantly improve patient convenience and adherence. Moreover, AIO-001 is not just limited to asthma; it also has potential applications in treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.The acquisition comes as AIO-001 is advancing into phase II clinical trials, indicating its promise in a global market with over 315 million individuals living with asthma. The completion of GSK's acquisition is pending approval under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, which ensures that the deal complies with antitrust laws and maintains market competition.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "GSK acquired Aiolos Bio for $1 billion to gain access to AIO-001, a promising long-acting anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody for treating asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, currently in phase II clinical trials.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective skills and training for physicians are essential for communicating difficult or distressing information, also known as breaking bad news (BBN). This study aimed to assess both the capacity and the practices of clinicians in Pakistan regarding BBN.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 clinicians. Quantitative component used a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 13 medical educationists. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.RESULTS: While most clinicians acknowledged their responsibility of delivering difficult news, only a small percentage had received formal training in BBN. Areas for improvement include time and interruption management, rapport building, and understanding the patients' point of view. Prognosis and treatment options were not consistently discussed. Limited importance is given to BBN in medical education.DISCUSSION: Training in BBN will lead to improved patient and attendants' satisfaction, and empathetic support during difficult times.",
+        "output": "Breaking bad news: A mix methods study reporting the need for improving communication skills among doctors in Pakistan.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) In the near term, investors' trade positions will be more inclined towards the upcoming result season; the overall forecast for earnings growth remains optimistic, projecting double-digit figures, says Vinod Nair, Head of Research, Geojit Financial Services.Contrary to expectations of weak Q3 results from the IT sector, better-than-expected results along with green shoots of recovery in the IT sector on the back of an improved outlook for BFSI in FY25 positively influenced domestic market sentiments, he said.With higher-than-expected US inflation and positive job data, the euphoria over early rate cuts by the US Fed has moderated, which has diminished global market sentiments, he added.On the other hand, oil prices have surged as the conflict in the Red Sea region appears to escalate further. Domestic inflation data for December was marginally lower than anticipated, while industrial production (IIP) witnessed a deceleration more than expected, he said.Siddhartha Khemka, Head - Retail Research, Motilal Oswal (NS:MOFS) Financial Services said in the coming week market will take cues from Q3 results, India\u2019s inflation, and US PPI data. HDFC Bank (NS:HDBK), HUL, Ultratech (NS:ULTC), ICICI Bank (NS:ICBK),  Asian Paints  (NS:ASPN), and several mid-cap companies will announce their Q3 results next week. Thus, we might see stock-specific action. US markets will remain closed on Monday.--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Investors are optimistic about the upcoming result season, with earnings growth projected in double digits. The market will be influenced by Q3 results, India's inflation, and US PPI data in the coming week.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Contamination of oilfield chemicals (OFCs) by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is increasingly becoming a severe environmental security issue. There is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate method for B[a]P detection in OFCs. In this study, B[a]P hapten was designed using computer aided molecular design. A high-affinity, specific, and matrix-insensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) with IC50 values of 6.77ng/mL was obtained. Based on this mAb, we developed a rapid gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay (GICA) with double T-line mode for on-site detection of B[a]P in OFCs samples. The GICA exhibited excellent detection performance in OFCs samples with strong acidity, strong alkalinity, and deep color. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method detected B[a]P in OFCs at 0.42-300mg/kg, and limit of detection was 0.23-1.07mg/kg. The recovery rate was 88-106% with a coefficient of variation of 1.46-6.35%. Confirmed by natural positive OFCs samples and high-performance liquid chromatography, this GICA is accurate and reliable, with great potential for rapid and cost-effective on-site detection.",
+        "output": "Quantitative immunochromatographic assay for rapid and cost-effective on-site detection of benzo[a]pyrene in oilfield chemicals.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The years 1838-1924 in colonial India saw the first organized exodus of around 1.5 million. These emigrants were employed as indentured laborers in the various plantations owned by the Empire. Along with the people, what migrated were objects like clothes and jewelry. While some of these items were provided by the plantation regimes, others were brought by the emigrants. Though there have been studies about the lives on the plantations, the marine lives of the travelers and their personal belongings have been neglected. Objects such as clothes and jewelry not only have cultural significance but also form part of the emigrants' memory. This article critically analyses the usage of cultural artifacts as floating signifiers and how these artifacts are altered with a change of setting. Building on the ideas of Bhabha, Skinner, and others, this article aims to understand the role of material possessions in the lives of the plantation workers. The narratives discussed allow readers to witness changes in the role of materials like clothes and jewelry accompanying the emigrants on their voyage to the plantations.",
-        "output": "Costumes of the migrating body: A study of indentured labors' clothes and jewelry",
+        "input": "Globally, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less poses a significant threat to human health. The first step in quantifying human health impacts caused by exposure to PM2.5 pollution is exposure assessment. Population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) estimation is one of the methods that provides a more precise exposure assessment since it incorporates the spatiotemporal distribution of population with the pollution concentration estimate. In this study, PM2.5 exposure levels in the local communities around brickmaking industries were investigated, using the population census data of the study area and 1-year data from nine PM2.5 monitoring stations installed in and around the brickmaking industries. The observed PM2.5 data was spatially interpolated using inverse distance weight (IDW). Data on PM2.5 levels across the study area were classified based on the World Health Organization interim target (IT) guidelines and the South African National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). An annual PM2.5 population weighted exposure level of 27.6 mu g/m(3) was estimated for the study area. However, seasonal exposure levels of 28.9, 37.6, 26.5, and 20.7 mu g/m(3) were estimated for the autumn, winter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. This implies that local communities around the brick kiln in the Vhembe District are exposed to high levels of PM2.5, especially in winter. The PM2.5 levels in the brickmaking industries as well as its other sources in the Vhembe District, therefore, need to be lowered. Findings from population exposure level to pollutants can provide valuable data for formulating policies and recommendations on exposure reduction and public health protection. Implications: PM2.5 concentration in any given environment has high spatial and temporal variability due to the presence of diffused sources in the environment. Using ambient air concentrations to directly estimate population exposure without taking into consideration the disproportionate spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutant and the population may not yield accurate results on human exposure levels. It is, therefore, important to assess the aggregated PM2.5 exposure of a populace within a given area. This study therefore examines the PM2.5 population-weighted-exposure level of the host communities of the brickmaking industry in Vhembe District, South Africa.",
+        "output": "A spatial approach to assessing PM2.5 exposure level of a brickmaking community in South Africa",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ABSTRACT: Beato, M, Youngs, A, and Costin, AJ. The analysis of physical performance during official competitions in professional English football: Do positions, game locations, and results influence players' game demands? J Strength Cond Res 38(5): e226-e234, 2024-This study aimed, first, to verify if physical parameters were different between players' positions during official matches in English professional football, and second, if the game location (H and A) or results (W, L, D) affected players' physical performance. Twenty-five male professional football players of the same team were included in this data analysis (age = 27 \u00b1 9 years) during the 2022-23 season. Players were divided into positions: center backs, wide backs, center midfielders, attacking midfielders, and strikers. The external load parameters were distance covered, high-speed running (HSR), sprinting distance, accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD, meters > 25.5 w\u00b7kg -1 ) that were monitored using global navigation satellite systems Apex (STATSports). Linear mixed models' analysis for positions reported a significant difference in total distance ( p = 0.011), HSR ( p < 0.001), sprinting distance ( p < 0.001), accelerations ( p = 0.003), decelerations ( p = 0.002), and HMLD ( p < 0.001). Centre backs showed the lowest physical performance in the metrics analyzed, whereas players in the other positions frequently displayed a similar physical performance. Regarding locations and results, differences were only found between locations for decelerations ( p = 0.041) and between results for HMLD ( p = 0.010). In conclusion, physical performance was influenced by players' positions, whereas game location or results seem to not affect physical performance during official competitions. Consequently, practitioners can physically prepare their players independently from the location of the match or of the possible game results, whereas specific positional training is requested to optimally prepare their players.",
-        "output": "The Analysis of Physical Performance During Official Competitions in Professional English Football: Do Positions, Game Locations, and Results Influence Players' Game Demands?",
+        "input": "The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has low anthropogenic carbon emissions and large carbon stock in its ecosystems. As a crucial region in terrestrial ecosystems responding to climate change, an accurate understanding of the distribution characteristics of soil carbon density holds significance in estimating the soil carbon storage capacity in forests and grasslands. It performs a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality goals in China. The distribution characteristics of carbon and carbon density in the surface, middle, and deep soil layers are calculated, and the main influencing factors of soil carbon density changes are analyzed. The carbon density in the surface soil ranges from a minimum of 1.62 kg/m(2) to a maximum of 52.93 kg/m(2). The coefficient of variation for carbon is 46%, indicating a considerable variability in carbon distribution across different regions. There are substantial disparities, with geological background, land use types, and soil types significantly influencing soil organic carbon density. Alpine meadow soil has the highest carbon density compared with other soil types. The distribution of soil organic carbon density at three different depths is as follows: grassland > bare land > forestland > water area. The grassland systems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have considerable soil carbon sink and storage potential; however, they are confronted with the risk of grassland degradation. The grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau harbor substantial soil carbon sinks and storage potential. However, they are at risk of grassland degradation. It is imperative to enhance grassland management, implement sustainable grazing practices, and prevent the deterioration of the grassland carbon reservoirs to mitigate the exacerbation of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. This highlights the urgency of implementing more studies to uncover the potential of existing grassland ecological engineering projects for carbon sequestration.",
+        "output": "Distribution characteristics of soil carbon density and influencing factors in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BASEL, Switzerland - H.B. Fuller (NYSE:FUL), a global leader in adhesive technologies, has achieved International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) PLUS for its manufacturing facilities in L\u00fcneburg and Nienburg, Germany. The certification recognizes the company's efforts to adhere to international sustainability standards throughout its supply chain.The ISCC PLUS is a certification system that endorses the sustainable management of biomass, circular materials, and renewables. It employs a mass balance approach to ensure traceability of sustainable materials in the supply chain.Nathalie Ruelle, H.B. Fuller's global quality and sustainability director, stated that the company is continuously seeking ways to offer more sustainable solutions and help its customers achieve their environmental goals. The L\u00fcneburg plant, now certified for the mass balance approach, produces the near carbon-neutral adhesive Advantra\u00ae Earthic\u2122 9370, used in various packaging industries and investing in sustainable raw materials.At the Nienburg site, recognized as a specialty chemical plant, several core adhesives, including Rakoll\u00ae 5010, 5016, and 4020, are being manufactured using bio-attributed raw materials through the mass balance approach. This process not only reduces CO2 emissions but also has the potential for broader application in textiles and automotive manufacturing.The information in this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "H.B. Fuller's L\u00fcneburg and Nienburg facilities in Germany have achieved ISCC PLUS certification for sustainable management of biomass and circular materials, enabling the production of near carbon-neutral adhesive Advantra\u00ae Earthic\u2122 9370 and bio-attributed core adhesives like Rakoll\u00ae 5010, 5016, and 4020.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Poiene & scedil;ti-Luca & scedil;euca-culture (late 3(rd) to second half of the 1(st) century BC), which is distributed in the forest steppe between the east Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniestr, is seen as the result of an immigration of groups from the Jastorf area in North-East Germany. This concept is based on cemeteries: both the form of the grave4s and their material culture (ceramics, jewellery, costume) are foreign in the area, but show clear connections to the North and the North-West. Up to now large settlement excavations are missing that would allow for an evaluation of that concept based on settlement and economic structures as well as on the material culture of everyday life. The project that is presented here with first results, aims to that desideratum. With surveys and test excavations as a starting point on different sites in Central part of Republic of Moldova, the authors are excavating the Poienesti-Lucaseuca settlement of Ivancea-Sub Padure on a large scale. The project is funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The paper presents first results like different post buildings and pit dwellings, the spectrum of small finds and a selection of the numerous ceramics including greek imports, and discusses the connectivity that becomes visible. The post buildings have no regional parallels and seem to have the best parallels in the Northwest. In opposite to that the small finds show a broad entanglement especially to the south and West and thus contradict the evidence from the grave. Also, in opposite to the graves the settlement ceramics show clear regional traditions, bus also relations to the North and the Northeast.",
+        "output": "Beyond cemeteries - excavation of a settlement of Poienesti-Lucaseuca Culture in Ivancea, Republic of Moldova",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
-        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
+        "input": "Rivers have attracted increasing attention as politically contested entities. Existing literature on hydrosocial territories sheds light on how power relations and cultural-political hierarchies permeate rivers and their processes of territorialization, management, and governance. Yet, so far, the multispecies dimension of and in these processes remains under-addressed. This article helps fill in this gap by weaving together two central concepts: hydrosocial territories and multispecies justice. In this theoretical exploration we engage with rivers as living entities and territories co-created, co-inhabited, and actively reshaped by a diversity of human and other-than-human beings. We argue that acknowledging the latter's agency, as well as the multiple ways in which power and politics constantly cross species boundaries in riverine territories, calls for a dialogue with the notion of multispecies justice (MSJ). We pose that MSJ can support, strengthen, and challenge movements, practices, and modes of relationship around the defence, conservation, and restoration of rivers.",
+        "output": "Power and politics across species boundaries: towards Multispecies Justice in Riverine Hydrosocial Territories",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of BSE Ltd zoomed 7.8 per cent to Rs 2,168.5 per share on the National Stock Exchange on Sunday, also its record high, after the exchange reported four-fold jump in net profit at Rs 118.4 crore for the quarter ended in September 2023.At 6:35 PM, shares of the exchange were ruling 5.4 per cent higher at Rs 2,119.5 per share as against 0.56 per cent gain in the benchmark Nifty50 index.The bourse's revenue rose 53 per cent to a record Rs 367 crore in Q2FY24 from Rs 240 crore in the year-ago period. Further, its average daily turnover in the equity segment increased to Rs 5,922 crore in the quarter under review, from Rs 4,740 crore in three months ended September 2022.That apart, the board of directors of BSE in their meeting on Friday have approved the fund infusion of Rs 22.36 crores in India International Exchange (IFSC) Ltd (India INX) and Rs 33.88 crore in India International Exchange (IFSC) Ltd (India ICC) towards purchase of equity shares through subscription of rights issue.Meanwhile, the exchange has revised its transaction charges for Sensex Options, effective from November 1.After revision, transaction charges for Sensex Options will start from Rs 500 per crore for the slab of up to Rs 3 crore monthly turnover, the highest being Rs 3,750 per crore for the slab between Rs 3 crore and Rs 100 crore monthly turnover of the trading members.\"The BSE option pricing is currently one-seventh of the NSE, which is not sustainable. We expect the pricing reset to happen soon and have increased options pricing by about 3 times; still, it's at 57 per cent discount to the NSE. Assuming a premium market share of about 9 per cent in FY26 (estimated) and a pricing increase, derivatives will account for about 25 per cent of the BSE's total revenue, 35 per cent of earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation (Ebitda) and 75 per cent of incremental growth. We expect revenue growth at a compound annual rate of about 26 per cent and earnings per share growth at 31 per cent over FY23-26 (estimated), led by a revival in transaction revenue,\" said the HDFC Securities note.",
-        "output": "BSE Ltd.'s shares surged 7.8% to a record high of Rs 2,168.5 on the NSE after reporting a four-fold jump in net profit to Rs 118.4 crore in Q2FY24, driven by a 53% increase in revenue to Rs 367 crore. The exchange also approved fund infusions of Rs 22.36 crore in India INX and Rs 33.88 crore in India ICC.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In times of person-centered care, it is all the more important to support patients in making good decisions about their care. One way to offer such support to patients is by way of Patient Decision Aids (PDAs). Ranging from patient brochures to web-based tools, PDAs explicitly state the decisions patients face, inform them about their medical options, help them to clarify and discuss their values, and ultimately make a decision. However, lingering discussions surround effectiveness research on PDAs. In this article, I focus on two subjective measures of decision quality that are widely used as outcome measures in effectiveness research on PDAs (i.e., the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and measures of regret). Although these measurement instruments have attracted critical attention in the scientific literature, bioethicists have hardly engaged with them. Therefore, I set myself to analyze the relationship between (the different subscales of) the DCS and measures of regret, on the one hand, and ethical principles such as beneficence and autonomy, on the other hand. In light of that analysis, I will clarify some discussions regarding the use of these measures of decision quality in effectiveness research on PDAs. This should help us to align the way we evaluate PDAs with ethical principles and avoid that our attempts to support patients in making good decisions about their care that is so central to person-centered care point in unethical directions.",
+        "output": "On subjective measures of decision quality",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper highlights the need for intelligent analysis of students' behavioral states in physical education tasks. The hand-ring inertial data is used to identify students' motion sequence states. First, statistical feature extraction is performed based on the acceleration and angular velocity data collected from the bracelet. After completing the filtering and noise reduction of the data, we perform feature extraction by Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and use the sliding window method for analysis. Finally, the classification capability of the model sequence is enhanced by the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of student action sequences in physical education exceeds 96% after optimization by the HMM method. This provides intelligent means and new ideas for future student state recognition in physical education and teaching reform.",
-        "output": "An intelligent model to decode students' behavioral states in physical education using back propagation neural network and Hidden Markov Model.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: With the rapid aging of the domestic population, China has a strong incentive to increase the statutory retirement age. How retirement affects the health of the elderly is crucial to this policymaking. The health consequences of retirement have been debated greatly. This study aims to investigate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health among Chinese elderly people.METHODS: The data we use in this study comes from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (Harmonized CHARLS), a prospective cohort. We use the nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health. We test the robustness of our results with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders. We also explore the heterogeneity across gender and education.RESULTS: Results show that retirement has an insignificant effect on a series of physical and mental health outcomes, with and without adjusting several sociodemographic variables. Heterogeneity exists regarding gender and education. Although stratified analyses indicate that the transition from working to retirement leaves minimal effects on males and females, the effects go in the opposite direction. This finding holds for low-educated and high-educated groups for health outcomes including depression and cognitive function. Most of the results are stable with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is possible to delay the statutory retirement age in China as retirement has insignificant effects on physical and mental health. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term effect of retirement on health.",
+        "output": "The effect of retirement on physical and mental health in China: a nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Capital markets regulator Sebi on Wednesday sent demand notices to three former officials of Karvy Group, asking them to pay about Rs 1.8 crore in the case of the misappropriation of client's funds by Karvy Stock Broking Ltd (KSBL).The regulator has warned them of arrest and attachment of assets as well as bank accounts if they fail to make the payment within 15 days.Those who have been sent notices are Krishna Hari G, who was VP (F&A) of KSBL; Srikrishna Gurazada, former compliance officer of KSBL and Srinivasa Raju, who was the General Manager of back office operation.The demand notices came after the officials failed to pay the fine imposed on them by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) in May.In three separate notices, Sebi directed Krishna Hari G to pay Rs 1.06 crore and asked Raju and Gurazada to remit Rs 42.41 lakh and Rs 31.81 lakh, respectively.This includes interest and recovery costs, within 15 days.In the event of non-payment of dues, the market regulator will recover the amount by attaching and selling moveable and immovable property of these officials.Besides, they face attachment of their bank accounts and arrest.Sebi levied a fine of Rs 1 crore on Krishna Hari G, Rs 40 lakh on Raju, and Rs 30 lakh on Gurazada in May.The case relates to KSBL's raising huge funds by pledging clients' securities and by misusing the Power of Attorney (PoA) granted to it by its clients. Further, the funds by KSBL were being diverted to its group entities, thereby violating various provisions of law.KSBL had sold excess securities to the tune of Rs 485 crore through nine related entities, which were also its clients, till May 2019.Further, KSBL had also transferred excess securities to six out of these nine related entities.Moreover, the overall borrowing of KSBL, which was raising loans from financial institutions by pledging shares of its clients as collateral, was Rs 2,032.67 crore by September 2019 and the value of securities pledged by the stock broker was Rs 2,700 crore during the period.",
-        "output": "Sebi has issued demand notices to three former Karvy Group officials, demanding payment of Rs 1.8 crore for misappropriation of client funds by Karvy Stock Broking Ltd (KSBL). The officials face arrest and asset attachment if they fail to pay within 15 days.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. The aim of this scoping review was to map the current evidence on the association between the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and parental education; and to identify possible pathways by which parental education may protect against ECC.METHODS: The two questions that guided this review were: what is the existing evidence on the association between maternal and paternal education and ECC; and what are the pathways by which parental education protects against ECC? The initial search was conducted in January 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Articles published in English between January 2000 and October 2022 that reported on the association between parental education and ECC were screened, and the extracted data were compiled, summarized, and synthesized. Review papers and non-primary quantitative research papers were excluded from the full-text review. Open coding was applied to develop a conceptual framework.RESULTS: In total, 49 studies were included: 42 cross-sectional, 3 case-control and 4 cohort studies. The majority (91.8%) reported on the associations between ECC and maternal (n=33), paternal (n=3), and parental (n=9) level of education, and 13 (26.7%) reported on the association between parental education and the severity of ECC. Mothers with more than primary school education (n=3), post-secondary/college/tertiary education (n=23), and more than 4-12 years of education (n=12) had children with lower risk for ECC. Two studies reporting on parental education found an association between maternal but not paternal education and ECC. The review suggests that achieving the SDG 4.1 may reduce the risk of ECC. Possible pathways by which maternal education protects from ECC were feeding practices, oral hygiene practices, and the use of dental services.CONCLUSION: The study findings suggests that higher maternal educational level may reduce the risk for the consumption of cariogenic diet, poor oral hygiene practices and poor use of dental services for caries prevention. However, the association between paternal education and ECC was not consistently observed, with significant associations less frequently reported compared to maternal education. Future studies are needed to define the magnitude and modifiers of the impact of maternal education on the risk for ECC.",
+        "output": "Association between early childhood caries and parental education and the link to the sustainable development goal 4: a scoping review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The state-of-the-art literature indicates an increasing need for co-design education as it is imperative to equip future designers with the co-designing mindset. This derives from the significance of involving 'people with lived experience' in co-design processes to better meet their needs. However, the traditional design education system seems to include mostly individual designing skills, causing a lack of skills in design students to facilitate the active participation of people in co-design. This paper reports on a case study carried out in a third-year Bachelor industrial design engineering course with design students (n = 32) and design educators (n = 4) to find an effective and efficient way of preparing future designers for their role in co-design and to gain insights into design students' experience with learning about co-design. As an instructional method, a co-design workshop including the game-play, game-modding and game-design approaches is introduced. The obstacles and confusion of the design students regarding co-design and co-design education, which they have documented throughout the year on their personalised logbooks, are explained to eliminate them in the future for smoother incorporation of co-design education into design education curricula. Lastly, for future designers' mindfulness of co-design and their role as facilitators suggestions are provided such as accreditation of curriculum activities regarding co-design education.",
-        "output": "Preparing Future Designers for their Role in Co-Design: Student Insights on Learning Co-Design",
+        "input": "Pyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAHs). It is a ubiquitous, persistent, and carcinogenic environmental contaminant that has raised concern worldwide. This research explored synergistic bacterial communities for efficient pyrene degradation in seven typical Southern China mangroves. The bacterial communities of seven typical mangroves were enriched by pyrene, and enriched bacterial communities showed an excellent pyrene degradation capacity of >95% (except for HK mangrove and ZJ mangrove). Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Flavobacterium, Marinobacter, Algoriphahus, and Youhaiella all have significant positive correlations with pyrene (R>0, p<0.05) by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics analysis, indicated that these genera play a vital role in pyrene metabolism. Meanwhile, the functional genes were involved in pyrene degradation that was enriched in the bacterial communities, including the genes of nagAa, ndoR, pcaG, etc. Furthermore, the analyses of functional genes and binning genomes demonstrated that some bacterial communities as a unique teamwork to cooperatively participate in pyrene degradation. Interestingly, the genes related to biogeochemical cycles were enriched, such as narG , soxA, and cyxJ, suggested that bacterial communities were also helpful in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment. In addition, some novel species with pyrene-degradation potential were identified in the pyrene-degrading bacterial communities, which can enrich the resource pool of pyrene-degrading strains. Overall, this study will help develop further research strategies for pollutant removal.",
+        "output": "Novel insights into the synergetic degradation of pyrene by microbial communities from mangroves in China.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The mangrove forest in Macajalar Bay is regarded as an important coastal ecosystem since it provides numerous ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the clearing of mangroves has been rampant and has reached critical rates. Addressing this problem and further advancing its conservation require accurate mangrove mapping. However, current spatial information related to mangroves is sparse and insufficient to understand the historical change dynamics. In this study, the synergy of 1950 vegetation maps and Landsat images was explored to provide multidecadal monitoring of mangrove forest change dynamics in Macajalar Bay, Philippines. Vegetation maps containing the 1950 mangrove extent and Landsat images were used as input data to monitor the rates of loss over 70years. In 2020, the mangrove forest cover was estimated to be 201.73ha, equivalent to only 61.99% of the 325.43ha that was estimated in 1950. Between 1950 and 2020, net mangrove loss in Macajalar Bay totaled 324.29ha. The highest clearing rates occurred between 1950 and 1990 when it recorded a total of 258.51ha, averaging 6.46ha/year. The original mangrove forest that existed in 1950 only represents 8.56% of the 2020 extent, suggesting that much of the old-growth mangrove had been cleared before 2000 and the existing mangrove forest is mainly composed of secondary mangrove forest stands. Across Macajalar Bay, intensified clearing that happened between 1950 and 1990 has been driven by large-scale aquaculture developments. Mangrove gains on the other hand were evident and have increased the total extent by 79.84ha since 2000 as a result of several afforestation programs. However, approximately half of these gains that were observed since 2010 exhibited low canopy cover. As of writing, approximately 85% of the 2020 mangrove forest stands fall outside the 1950 original mangrove extent. Examining the viability of the original mangrove forest for mangrove reforestation together with promoting site-species matching, and biophysical assessment are necessary undertakings to advance current mangrove conservation initiatives in Macajalar Bay.",
-        "output": "Multidecadal mangrove forest change in Macajalar Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines (1950-2020) using remote sensing and geographic information systems.",
+        "input": "Sustainability has become a prominent goal in tourism and hospitality. While green practices can benefit the environment and society, they can also lead to customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, the current study aims to identify different hotel green practices and examine their impact on customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This study uses a mixed method of business analytics and regression analysis on a dataset of 813,791 online reviews of 450 hotels in New York City derived from TripAdvisor.com. The research findings guide hotel operators to build strategies for green practices while reducing customers' discomfort and improving the overall customer experience.",
+        "output": "The two sides of hotel green practices in customer experience: an integrated approach of the Kano model and business analytics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "No-frills airline SpiceJet has seen a gradual increase in its domestic market share towards the end of the year, following a decline in the first half of 2023, DGCA data showed.The airline, which recorded a share of 6.2 per cent in November, announced last month the addition of 44 flights on new and existing routes for the winter schedule. The carrier has recently added eight Boeing 737s, including four 737 Max planes, to its fleet.However, the airline has not yet attained this year's peak market share, which was 7.3 per cent in January.India's domestic air passenger traffic rose 9 per cent to more than 1.27 crore in November, according to data from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).Meanwhile, India's largest carrier, IndiGo, saw a marginal decline in its market share from 62.6 per cent in October to 61.8 per cent in November.The Tata-Group-owned Air India's market share remained constant at 10.5 per cent in November, while its sister airline Vistara saw its share marginally dip from 9.7 per cent in October to 9.4 per cent in November.The conglomerate's other airline, AIX Connect, formerly Air Asia India, saw its market share remain constant at 6.6 per cent in November.Cumulatively, the Tata-group-owned airlines command a market share of 26.5 per cent.Together, IndiGo and Tata Group airlines account for 88.3 per cent of the total domestic aviation market in the country.Akasa Air's domestic market share has remained constant at 4.2 per cent since August.In June, Akasa surpassed SpiceJet in monthly domestic passengers with a 4.9 per cent share compared to SpiceJet's 4.4 per cent. However, Akasa's share declined to 4.2 per cent in August due to flight cancellations caused by pilot resignations.",
-        "output": "SpiceJet's domestic market share rose to 6.2% in November, despite a decline in the first half of 2023, while IndiGo's share marginally declined to 61.8%. Tata Group airlines collectively hold a 26.5% market share, with IndiGo and Tata Group airlines accounting for 88.3% of the domestic aviation market.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The rise of porcelain industry in northern China and the subsequent emergence of white porcelain production during the Northern dynasties (386-581 CE) played a pivotal role in shaping the historical trajectory of Chinese ceramics. Xing kiln is one of China's earliest and most representative white porcelain kilns. Herein, we investigated 23 porcelain sherds from the Neiqiu Xing kiln site during the late Northern dynasties and the early Sui dynasty (550-600 CE) from the perspective of firing temperature, firing atmosphere, and microstructure using a dilatometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the early Xing porcelains were fired at high firing temperatures exceeding 1200 degrees C with a reducing flame, and the adjustment of temperature promotes the emergence of early white porcelain. Moreover, the higher firing temperature of early Xing porcelain leads to the dominance of a glassy phase within the glaze, and the high bonding strength of the glaze and body caused by the body-glaze interaction layer formed with dense anorthite crystals. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the firing technology in the Xing kiln and even in North China during the late sixth century.",
+        "output": "Firing technology and physicochemical basis for porcelain from the Xing kiln in the late sixth century",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India will see at least $30 billion raised annually through primary and secondary share sales in 2024 and in the years to come, as companies and their shareholders are more willing to tap the market for funding, according to JPMorgan Chase & Co.Sales of additional shares in listed companies in the country have surpassed $10 billion this year, more than the tally for all of 2022, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The momentum can sustain into next year and beyond as owners of Indian companies are keen to raise funds for other investments, said Abhinav Bharti, India head of equity capital markets at JPMorgan. Demand from local asset managers as well as foreign investors is also driving share sales, he added.\u201cIn block trades, every year now you can average $10 billion from 2024 onwards,\u201d Bharti said in an interview in Mumbai. \u201cI can see the building blocks of India becoming a market that can every year raise more than $30 billion from primary and secondary sales for corporates.\u201dJPMorgan is the top manager of equity and rights offerings in India in the first eight months of 2023, according to data compiled by Bloomberg League Tables. The American bank has a market share of nearly 15%, followed by Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd., which has an 11% share of the market.In contrast to block trades, India\u2019s IPO activity has slowed down significantly this year, tracking a global slump in dealmaking. Companies have raised about $3.2 billion through first-time share sales so far in 2023, down from $5.5 billion for the same period last year, data compiled by Bloomberg shows. There haven\u2019t been any $1 billion IPOs since Life Insurance Corp. of India\u2019s $2.7 billion listing in May 2022.A couple of $1 billion-plus IPOs could return to India after the country\u2019s federal elections between April and May, Bharti said. The banker expects bigger IPOs to come from sectors such as consumer, technology and financial services.Strong corporate earnings and robust economic growth are drawing investors even as they flee other Asian emerging markets. China\u2019s currency has plunged amid concerns over the once fast-growing nation\u2019s precarious economic outlook and geopolitical tensions.\u201cBecause of recent softness in Chinese economic data, a lot of these global EM fund managers are underweight on China and now where you go and deploy that extra capital, you must have a counter overweight as well,\u201d Bharti said. \u201cIndia is benefiting from that.\u201dCompanies have raised about $3.2 bn through IPOs so far in 2023\u2026 This number is down from $5.5 billion for the same period in 2022Strong corporate earnings and robust economic growth are drawing investorsChina\u2019s currency has plunged amid concerns over the nation\u2019s precarious economic outlook and geopolitical tensions",
-        "output": "India is expected to raise at least $30 billion annually through primary and secondary share sales in 2024 and beyond, driven by companies' willingness to tap the market for funding and strong demand from local and foreign investors. Despite a slowdown in IPO activity, India's robust economic growth and strong corporate earnings are attracting investors, particularly those underweight on China due to its economic concerns.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: Breast cancer follow-up (surveillance and aftercare) varies from one-size-fits-all to more personalised approaches. A systematic review was performed to get insight in existing evidence on (cost-)effectiveness of personalised follow-up.METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were searched between 01-01-2010 and 10-10-2022 (review registered in PROSPERO:CRD42022375770). The inclusion population comprised nonmetastatic breast cancer patients\u226518years, after completing curative treatment. All intervention-control studies studying personalised surveillance and/or aftercare designed for use during the entire follow-up period were included. All review processes including risk of bias assessment were performed by two reviewers. Characteristics of included studies were described.RESULTS: Overall, 3708 publications were identified, 64 full-text publications were read and 16 were included for data extraction. One study evaluated personalised surveillance. Various personalised aftercare interventions and outcomes were studied. Most common elements included in personalised aftercare plans were treatment summaries (75%), follow-up guidelines (56%), lists of available supportive care resources (38%) and PROs (25%). Control conditions mostly comprised usual care. Four out of seven (57%) studies reported improvements in quality of life following personalisation. Six studies (38%) found no personalisation effect, for multiple outcomes assessed (e.g. distress, satisfaction). One (6.3%) study was judged as low, four(25%) as high risk of bias and 11 (68.8%) as with concerns.CONCLUSION: The included studies varied in interventions, measurement instruments and outcomes, making it impossible to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of personalised follow-up. There is a need for a definition of both personalised surveillance and aftercare, whereafter outcomes can be measured according to uniform standards.",
+        "output": "The effectiveness of personalised surveillance and aftercare in breast cancer follow-up: a systematic review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "London, Jan 9 (IANS) Investors around the world are warning governments over \u201cunmoored\u201d levels of public debt, saying that excessive pre-election borrowing promises risk sparking a bond market backlash, media reports said.Government debt issuance in the US and the UK is expected to soar to the highest level on record in the coming year, with the exception of the early stages of the Covid pandemic. Emerging markets are set to add to the deluge of bond sales, after government debt climbed to an all-time high of 68.2 per cent of GDP last year, according to the Institute of International Finance, Financial Times reported.Deficits are \u201cout of control and the real story is that there\u2019s no mechanism for bringing them under control,\u201d said Jim Cielinski, global head of fixed income at Janus Henderson.He said that the issue would become a serious concern to markets \u201cin the next six to 12 months as something that matter[s] a lot.\u201dThe US Treasury will issue around $4tn of bonds this year with a maturity of between two and 30 years according to estimates from Apollo Global Management, up from $3tn last year and $2.3tn in 2018.Net issuance, which is adjusted for Federal Reserve purchases and existing debt falling due, will be $1.6tn over 12 months to the end of September according to calculations by RBC Capital Markets, the second highest year on record.The Canadian bank estimates that net issuance in 2024-2025 will surpass pandemic-era levels, Financial Times reported.--IANSsan/dan",
-        "output": "Investors warn governments about excessive public debt, with US and UK expected to issue record-high bonds due to pre-election borrowing promises, potentially leading to a bond market backlash.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Importance National data on the development of competence during training have been reported using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones system. It is now possible to consider longitudinal analyses that link Milestone ratings during training to patient outcomes data of recent graduates. Objective To evaluate the association of in-training ACGME Milestone ratings in a surgical specialty with subsequent complication rates following a commonly performed operation, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Design, Setting, and Participants This study of patient outcomes followed EVAR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry (4213 admissions from 208 hospitals treated by 327 surgeons). All surgeons included in this study graduated from ACGME-accredited training programs from 2015 through 2019 and had Milestone ratings 6 months prior to graduation. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, through September 15, 2023. Because Milestone ratings can vary with program, they were corrected for program effect using a deviation score from the program mean. Exposure Milestone ratings assigned to individual trainees 6 months prior to graduation, based on judgments of surgical competence. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgical complications following EVAR for patients treated by recent graduates during the index hospitalization, obtained using the nationwide Society for Vascular Surgery Patient Safety Organization's VQI registry, which includes 929 participating centers in 49 US states. Results The study included outcomes for 4213 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.25 [8.74] years; 3379 male participants [80.2%]). Postoperative complications included 9.5% major (400 of 4213 cases) and 30.2% minor (1274 of 4213 cases) complications. After adjusting for patient risk factors and site of training, a significant association was identified between individual Milestone ratings of surgical trainees and major complications in early surgical practice in programs with lower mean Milestone ratings (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.95). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, Milestone assessments of surgical trainees were associated with subsequent clinical outcomes in their early career. Although these findings represent one surgical specialty, they suggest Milestone ratings can be used in any specialty to identify trainees at risk for future adverse patient outcomes when applying the same theory and methodology. Milestones data should inform data-driven educational interventions and trainee remediation to optimize future patient outcomes.",
+        "output": "Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Training Ratings and Surgeons' Early Outcomes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Delivering difficult news to families is an essential but challenging skill. Pediatric trainees report limited confidence in this skill and perform poorly in simulation. We implemented the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Resilience Curriculum and evaluated performance and self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.METHODS: The AAP Resilience Curriculum, using the SPIKES (Set-up, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, and Summary) framework, was taught to pediatric fellows. Fellows' performance during simulations with standardized patients before and after curriculum implementation was scored with a SPIKES checklist. Pre- and post-test surveys assessed self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.RESULTS: Fellows (n=19) significantly improved their performance in delivering difficult news, increasing the median SPIKES checklist scores from 78% to 90% completion (P<0.001). Pediatric fellows (n=35) reported improved confidence from 3.4/5 to 3.9 (P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric fellows demonstrated significant improvement in their ability to deliver difficult news during a simulated patient encounter and reported increased self-efficacy in delivering difficult news.",
-        "output": "Resilience Curriculum Improves Skills of Pediatric Fellows in Delivery of Difficult News.",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening against incidence of and mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODS: From January 2012 to September 2016, we conducted a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial involving permanent residents age 45-69 years in a high-risk region for ESCC in northern China. A total of 668 targeted villages were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the screening group (offered Lugol's chromoendoscopy) or control group (no screening). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed to compare esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality between the two groups. The per-protocol analysis adjusted for nonadherence to the screening procedure.RESULTS: A total of 33,847 participants were included in the analysis: 17,104 in the screening group, 15,165 (88.7%) of whom underwent screening, and 16,743 in the control group. During a maximum follow-up of 9 years, EC incidence in the screening and control groups were 60.9 and 72.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; mortality in the screening and control groups were 29.7 and 32.4 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Compared with the control group, the incidence and mortality of the screening group reduced by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.09]) and 18% (aHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.53 to 1.26]), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis; and by 22% (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10]) and 21% (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.30]), respectively, in the per-protocol analysis.CONCLUSION: With a 9-year follow-up, our trial suggests that chromoendoscopic screening induces modest reductions in EC incidence and mortality. A more efficient strategy for EC screening and subsequent patient management should be established to guarantee the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.",
+        "output": "Effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening on Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A 9-Year Report of the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China (ESECC) Randomized Trial.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The chrono-cultural sequence of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic went through several major revisions during approximately a century of focused research, each revision contributing to shedding light on the mosaic of cultural entities and the complex social and cultural dynamics composing the Levantine Upper Paleolithic. The current state of research suggests the co-inhabitance of two cultural groups: the Early Ahmarian and the Levantine Aurignacian. Two other cultural entities, the Arkov-Divshon and the Atlitian, are regarded as younger manifestations and were tentatively suggested to relate to the Levantine Aurignacian. This paper presents a research synthesis of two case studies: Manot Cave, located in western Galilee, Israel, and Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter in the Judean Desert. The application of high-resolution excavation methods, alongside detailed documentation of the stratigraphy and site-formation processes and wide-scale radiocarbon-based absolute dating, marked these sites as ideal for chrono-cultural study through the analyses of flint industries. The results indicate a clear distinction between the Levantine Aurignacian and the Arkov-Divshon/Atlitian industries and a chronological overlap between the Arkov-Divshon, Levantine Aurignacian, and possibly with the Early Ahmarian. Subsequently, we suggest another revision of the currently accepted chrono-cultural model: not two, but at least three cultural entities co-inhabited the Levant at ca. 40-30 ky cal BP. This study further suggests an evolvement of the Atlitian flint industries from the Arkov-Divshon and stresses the foreign cultural features of the Levantine Aurignacian. These results were used to construct an updated model of migration and possible interaction patterns.",
-        "output": "Cultural Dynamics in the Levantine Upper Paleolithic, ca. 40-33 ky BP: Insights Based on Recent Advances in the Study of the Levantine Aurignacian, the Arkov-Divshon, and the Atlitian.",
+        "input": "Almost 400 years ago, Rubens copied Titian's The Fall of Man, albeit with important changes. Rubens altered Titian's original composition in numerous ways, including by changing the gaze directions of the depicted characters and adding a striking red parrot to the painting. Here, we quantify the impact of Rubens's choices on the viewer's gaze behavior. We displayed digital copies of Rubens's and Titian's artworks-as well as a version of Rubens's painting with the parrot digitally removed-on a computer screen while recording the eye movements produced by observers during free visual exploration of each image. To assess the effects of Rubens's changes to Titian's composition, we directly compared multiple gaze parameters across the different images. We found that participants gazed at Eve's face more frequently in Rubens's painting than in Titian's. In addition, gaze positions were more tightly focused for the former than for the latter, consistent with different allocations of viewer interest. We also investigated how gaze fixation on Eve's face affected the perceptual visibility of the parrot in Rubens's composition and how the parrot's presence versus its absence impacted gaze dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Rubens's critical deviations from Titian's painting have powerful effects on viewers' oculomotor behavior.",
+        "output": "Why did Rubens add a parrot to Titian's The Fall of Man? A pictorial manipulation of joint attention.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We discuss new data from Colonization Phase and Early Expansion/Development Phase assemblages in the pre-contact Society Islands. We focus on analysis of marine faunal remains and fishing gear to infer diachronic shifts in subsistence practices at two well-dated coastal sites. Both Colonization Phase (AD 950-1200) and Early Expansion Phase (AD 1200-1450) faunal assemblages are dominated by fish and mollusks as opposed to animal domesticates. Colonization Phase assemblages see higher capture of Scombrids and higher capture of marine mammals and turtle. Early Expansion fishhook assemblages and faunal remains document a movement towards increased capture of reef fish as well as the adoption of local styles and locally specific fishing practices. Overall, the diachronic trend in the Society Island diets is towards a decrease in turtle, marine mammal, and wild bird remains and an increase in terrestrial domesticated species roughly two hundred years after colonization, similar to patterns seen elsewhere in Eastern Polynesia.Nous discutons de nouvelles donn & eacute;es provenant des assemblages de la phase de colonisation et de la premi & egrave;re phase d'expansion/d & eacute;veloppement dans les & icirc;les de la Soci & eacute;t & eacute; pr & eacute;-europ & eacute;ennes. Nous nous concentrons sur l'analyse des restes de faune marine et des engins de p & ecirc;che pour d & eacute;duire des changements diachroniques dans les pratiques de subsistance sur deux sites c & ocirc;tiers bien dat & eacute;s. Les assemblages fauniques de la phase de colonisation (950-1200 apr & egrave;s J.-C.) et de la phase d'expansion pr & eacute;coce (1200-1450 apr & egrave;s J.-C.) sont domin & eacute;s par les poissons et les mollusques, par opposition aux animaux domestiques. Les assemblages de la phase de colonisation connaissent une capture plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e de scombrid & eacute;s et une capture plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e de mammif & egrave;res marins et de tortues. Les assemblages d'hame & ccedil;ons et les restes fauniques du d & eacute;but de l'expansion documentent un mouvement vers une capture accrue de poissons de r & eacute;cif ainsi que l'adoption de styles locaux et de pratiques de p & ecirc;che sp & eacute;cifiques localement. Dans l'ensemble, la tendance diachronique du r & eacute;gime alimentaire des & icirc;les de la Soci & eacute;t & eacute; va vers une diminution des restes de tortues, de mammif & egrave;res marins et d'oiseaux sauvages et une augmentation des esp & egrave;ces terrestres domestiqu & eacute;es environ deux cents ans apr & egrave;s la colonisation, similaire aux tendances observ & eacute;es ailleurs en Polyn & eacute;sie orientale.",
-        "output": "Tracking shifts in Society Islands marine subsistence through time: Intra-site analysis of faunal remains and fishing gear",
+        "input": "This study aimed to investigate the influence of having a green certification logo (versus no logo) supplementing with text (versus no text) on hotel guests using water behaviours. Focus group interviews (Study 1) found that hotel guests are aware of common green practices in hotels. A quasi-experimental survey (Study 2) indicated the interaction effect of a green certification logo and text on hotel guests' environmental awareness and water-saving behavioural intention. Another quasi-experimental survey (Study 3) indicated that an explicit green message is more effective than an implicit green message in reducing hotel shower time.",
+        "output": "Influence of the green certification logo and text on environmental awareness and hotel guests' water-saving behaviour",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In forensic science, glyphosate (GLYP) and glufosinate (GLUF), a class of non-selective broad-spectrum herbicides, have been frequently encountered in many fatal poisoning and suicide cases due to their widespread availability. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective method for detecting these compounds. Some conventional methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), have been reported to detect these compounds. However, these methods are not ideal for their time-consuming and non-sensitive feature. Herein, probe electrospray ionization (PESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), a fast and sensitive technique, was applied for the determination of GLYP and GLUF in human blood, which can obtain analytical results within 0.5 min without derivatization and chromatographic separation. After protein precipitation of blood samples, the supernatant was mixed with isopropanol and ultra-pure water (1:1 v/v). Then, 8 muL of the mixture was introduced into the plastic sample plate for PESI-MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) of the method were 0.50 mug/mL and 0.25 mug/mL for two analytes, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were both 1.00 mug/mL, which are higher than the concentration of reported poisoning and fatal cases. In the linear range of 1-500 mug/mL, the regression coefficients (r2) for GLYP and GLUF were over 0.99. The matrix effects ranged from 94.8 % to 119.5 %, and the biases were below 4.3 %. The recoveries ranged between 84.8 % and 107.4 %, and the biases were below 7.6 %. Meanwhile, the method was effectively utilized to detect and quantify the blood, urine, and other samples. Consequently, the results suggest that PESI-MS/MS is a straightforward, fast, and sensitive method for detecting GLUF and GLYP in forensics. In the future, PESI-MS/MS will become an indispensable technique for polar substances in grassroots units of public security where rapid detection is essential.",
-        "output": "Rapid determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in human blood by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.",
+        "input": "AIMS: The future dental and endodontic education must adapt to the current digitalized healthcare system in a hyper-connected world. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the ways an endodontic education curriculum could benefit from the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and overcome the limitations of this technology in the delivery of healthcare to patients.METHODS: An electronic search was carried out up to December 2023 using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and a manual search of reference literature. Grey literature, ongoing clinical trials were also searched using ClinicalTrials.gov.RESULTS: The search identified 251 records, of which 35 were deemed relevant to artificial intelligence (AI) and Endodontic education. Areas in which AI might aid students with their didactic and clinical endodontic education were identified as follows: 1) radiographic interpretation; 2) differential diagnosis; 3) treatment planning and decision-making; 4) case difficulty assessment; 5) preclinical training; 6) advanced clinical simulation and case-based training, 7) real-time clinical guidance; 8) autonomous systems and robotics; 9) progress evaluation and personalized education; 10) calibration and standardization.CONCLUSIONS: AI in endodontic education will support clinical and didactic teaching through individualized feedback; enhanced, augmented, and virtually generated training aids; automated detection and diagnosis; treatment planning and decision support; and AI-based student progress evaluation, and personalized education. Its implementation will inarguably change the current concept of teaching Endodontics. Dental educators would benefit from introducing AI in clinical and didactic pedagogy; however, they must be aware of AI's limitations and challenges to overcome.",
+        "output": "Artificial Intelligence in Endodontic Education.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The collapse of a state during crises, such as large-scale wars, demands effective preventive measures. The 2014 military aggression by Russia in Ukraine triggered profound changes and emphasised the importance of strategic responses. So, the cutoff of Russian aggression was facilitated by the coordinated interaction of state authorities and local government and the increased autonomy of local government at the grassroots level, as a result of the successful decentralisation reform in Ukraine. After the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the local government played a vital role in sustaining Ukrainian cities and villages. This paper examines local government operations in active conflict zones and during occupation, assessing their preparedness for military actions. It delves into the unique challenges faced and necessary post-war adjustments. Through in-depth interviews in the war-affected Kharkiv region and secondary sources, we illuminate crisis management within local government during wartime in Ukraine. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of local government bodies in addressing the issues of local residents during a wartime crisis.",
-        "output": "Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine",
+        "input": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of healthcare workers worldwide, with frontline personnel experiencing heightened rates of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the mental health toll of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in Malawi. A cross-sectional survey utilising the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) was conducted among 109 frontline healthcare workers. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 healthcare workers to explore their experiences and challenges during the pandemic. The results indicated a high prevalence of COVID-19-related depression (31%; CI [23, 41]), anxiety (30%; CI [22, 40]), and PTSD (25%; CI [17, 34]) among participants. Regression analysis revealed significantly higher rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD among healthcare workers in city referral hospitals compared to district hospitals. Qualitative findings highlighted the emotional distress, impact on work and personal life, and experiences of stigma and discrimination faced by healthcare workers. The stress process model provided a valuable framework for understanding the relationshipamong pandemic-related stressors, coping resources, and mental health outcomes. The findings underscore the urgent need for interventions and support systems to mitigate the mental health impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers in Malawi. Policymakers should prioritise the assessment and treatment of mental health problems among this critical workforce to maintain an effective pandemic response and build resilience for future crises.",
+        "output": "The mental health toll among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malawi.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 13 (IANS) A Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) software engineer, who has been with the company for nearly two decades, has been laid off as part of the latest round of job cuts.Earlier this week, the tech giant confirmed that it has cut several hundred jobs across hardware, core engineering and Google Assistant teams.Kevin Bourrillion, a senior software engineer at Google, took to X, saying, \"End of an era! After 19 years of working at @Google, with more than 16 of them on the team that I founded, I made the tough decision yesterday morning to finally bite the bullet and find out that I'd been laid off overnight.\"While layoffs are painful, Bourrillion said that it's fine in his case as the job cut will allow him to relax, spend time with his family and catch up on hobbies.\"I have no plans to rush into anything else right now. I've got too much to do: cycling, reading, restarting my drum lessons, travel, family time. etc. etc,\" he said.Bourrillion concluded his post by saying, \"I view my 19 years there and the people I got to work with and things I got to do as an immense blessing. No expressions of sympathy are called for in my case! And with that, I'm off to go figure out how to actually live my life\".Last January, Google cut its workforce by 12,000 people or around 6 per cent of its full-time employees.The tech giant also made other job cuts to its recruiting and news divisions later in the year.--IANSshs/svn",
-        "output": "Google laid off a senior software engineer with 19 years of experience, Kevin Bourrillion, as part of its recent job cuts affecting hundreds of employees in hardware, engineering, and Google Assistant teams. Bourrillion plans to take a break and focus on personal interests after the layoff.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper is a debate on why Bourdieusian scholars have never fully embraced the Introduction/Literature review/Data & methods/Results/Discussion (ILDRD) article format which is mainstream in North American Sociological publications. This paper attempts to argue that Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Chamboredon, and Jean-Claude Passeron developed a different writing format - inspired by Gaston Bachelard's applied rationalism -- and which became more influential among French scholars. The Bourdieu inspired different writing patterns and reasoning, I argue, can be traced in the flagship journal Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales. This paper invites further debate on the differences in approaching article formats in the social sciences.",
+        "output": "Writing like a Bourdieusian Scholar: From The Craft of Sociology to the Writing Patterns in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Since the inception of the density functional theory (DFT) by Hohenberg and Kohn in 1964, it rapidly became an indispensable theoretical tool across various disciplines, such as chemistry, biology, and materials science, among others. This theory has ushered in a new era of computational research, paving the way for substantial advancements in fundamental understanding. Today, DFT is routinely employed for a diverse range of applications, such as probing new material properties and providing a profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even after decades of active utilization, the improvement of DFT principles has never been slowed down, meaning that more accurate theoretical results are continuously generated with time. This work highlights the latest achievements acquired by DFT in the specific research field, namely the theoretical investigations of doped TiO2 systems, which have not been comprehensively reviewed and summarized yet. Successful progress in this niche is currently hard to imagine without the support by DFT. It can accurately reveal new TiO2 properties after introducing the desired dopant and help to find the optimal system design for a specific application prior to proceeding to more time-consuming and expensive experimental research. Hence, by evaluating a selection of the most recent research studies, we aim to highlight the pertinent aspects of DFT as they relate to the study of doped TiO2 systems. We also aim to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of DFT and present the primary strategies employed thus far to predict the properties of various doped TiO2 systems reliably.",
-        "output": "Density functional theory for doped TiO2: current research strategies and advancements",
+        "input": "What is the connection between the cultural evolution of a language and the rapid processing response to that language in the brains of individual learners? In an iterated communication study that was conducted previously, participants were asked to communicate temporal concepts such as tomorrow, day after, year, and past using vertical movements recorded on a touch screen. Over time, participants developed simple artificial 'languages' that used space metaphorically to communicate in nuanced ways about time. Some conventions appeared rapidly and universally (e.g., using larger vertical movements to convey greater temporal durations). Other conventions required extensive social interaction and exhibited idiosyncratic variation (e.g., using vertical location to convey past or future). Here we investigate whether the brain's response during acquisition of such a language reflects the process by which the language's conventions originally evolved. We recorded participants' EEG as they learned one of these artificial space-time languages. Overall, the brain response to this artificial communication system was language-like, with, for instance, violations to the system's conventions eliciting an N400-like component. Over the course of learning, participants' brain responses developed in ways that paralleled the process by which the language had originally evolved, with early neural sensitivity to violations of a rapidly-evolving universal convention, and slowly developing neural sensitivity to an idiosyncratic convention that required slow social negotiation to emerge. This study opens up exciting avenues of future work to disentangle how neural biases influence learning and transmission in the emergence of structure in language.",
+        "output": "Brain responses to a lab-evolved artificial language with space-time metaphors",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Some stock market intermediaries, such as brokers and mutual fund (MF) houses, have paused their associations with finfluencers ahead of the proposed regulatory tightening.Industry sources said leading brokerages and fund houses have discontinued some of their arrangements with popular social media personalities amid a lack of regulatory clarity.Intermediaries have started reviewing their existing contracts with any such financial influencer and increasing their surveillance on any entity using their names.Last week, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) floated two consultation papers to restrain intermediaries from associating with any unregistered entities, including finfluencers, who are typically used",
-        "output": "Amidst proposed regulatory tightening, stock market intermediaries like brokers and mutual fund houses have paused associations with finfluencers due to a lack of regulatory clarity. Intermediaries are reviewing existing contracts and increasing surveillance on entities using their names.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In this article, we study the problem of recovering sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected descent. We first provide a theoretical study of approximate recovery with our chosen initialization method: Continuous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit without Sliding. Then we study the effect of over-parametrization on the gradient descent which highlights the benefits of the projection step. Finally, we show the improved calculation times of our algorithm compared to state-of-the-art model-based methods on realistic simulated microscopy data.",
+        "output": "Estimation of off-the grid sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected gradient descent: theory and application",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "San Francisco, Jan 14 (IANS) The price of Bitcoin nosedived to around $42,000, plunging almost 10 per cent, after the spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) started trading in the US.Bitcoin reached a high of $46,000 last week and surged to a two-year high of $49,000 last week, when bitcoin ETFs began trading in the US.Shares of crypto exchange Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN) tumbled 7.4 per cent after the bitcoin ETF news, reports Coindesk.Bitcoin has posted a massive 80 per cent rally since early October.\"The recent dynamics in bitcoin have not lived up to the expectations set by many bitcoin maximalists, with the asset failing to break the $50k mark, and the hype surrounding ETFs showing signs of cooling down,\u201d according to Crypto research firm Swissblock.\u201cThe critical question now is whether the market can sustain upward momentum,\u201d it said in its market report.Research firm CryptoQuant predicted last month that Bitcoin would fall to as low as $32,000 after an ETF approval.The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) last week approved a number of spot Bitcoin ETFs and with the decision, the world's largest cryptocurrency joined the global financial system.The approval of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in the US not only symbolises a maturing market but also signifies support from regulatory authorities, according to industry experts.Spot Bitcoin ETFs have the potential to develop into a $100 billion product, according to some analysts.--IANSna/dpb",
-        "output": "Bitcoin's price plunged to $42,000, a 10% drop, after the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the US, despite reaching a two-year high of $49,000 last week.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of designing effective trade recovery measures in response to global health events (GHEs). This study combines international trade risk management theory and multi-case comparative analysis of past GHEs to present a theoretical framework for designing national trade recovery measures for future events.RESULTS: The research finds that during GHEs, trade risks shift to fundamental uncertainty, requiring spatial-temporal-subject dimension recovery measures. The study suggests changing the focus of trade recovery policy design from emergency-oriented and single-dimension measures to reserve-oriented and enduring-effect measures of comprehensive dimensions at micro- and macroeconomic levels.CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the debate on managing trade risks in times of crisis, where there is a need to develop effective trade recovery measures that account for the complexities of global trade and the unique challenges of GHEs. The findings provide practical guidance for trade officials and policymakers to design measures in response to GHEs to improve a country's overall trade recovery.",
+        "output": "From isolation to revival: trade recovery amid global health crises.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of public sector banks (PSBs) were are trading higher by up to 6 per cent on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Friday\u2019s intra-day trade after Punjab National Bank (PNB), Canara Bank and Indian Bank reported a healthy set of numbers for July-September quarter (Q2FY24), with improvement in assets quality.At 10:08 AM; Nifty PSU Bank index, the top gainer among sectoral indices, was up 3.3 per cent, as compared to 0.84 per cent rise in the Nifty 50. Bank of India and Canara Bank rallied 6 per cent, while Union Bank of India, PNB, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian",
-        "output": "Public sector bank stocks surged on the NSE, with PNB, Canara Bank, and Indian Bank reporting strong Q2 results marked by improved asset quality, leading to a 3.3% gain in the Nifty PSU Bank index.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We ask whether it is reasonable to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines that have been shown in clinical trials to be safe and effective against infectious diseases. We consider two kinds of vaccine hesitancy. The first is geared to scientifically informed open questions about vaccines. We argue that in cases where the data is not representative of relevant groups, such as pregnant women and ethnic minorities, hesitancy can be reasonable on epistemic grounds. However, we argue that hesitancy is not reasonable if a vaccine has passed well-conducted clinical trials. The second kind of hesitancy is to do with beliefs about the institutions offering a successfully trialled vaccine and the justifiability of cooperating with those institutions. For example, in the UK, distrust of the UK Government or the National Health Service is identified as a factor in the vaccine hesitancy of minority ethnic populations. We ask whether this sort of hesitation is reasonable given normative requirements of fair co-operation, both with those institutions and the wider population. We suggest that the answer is not straightforward. Sometimes the hesitation is unreasonable but understandable.",
+        "output": "Two Kinds of Vaccine Hesitancy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI -  Asian Paints  (NS:ASPN), India's leading paint company, is anticipated to unveil a substantial increase in net profit for the December quarter, with projections indicating a 34% rise from the same period last year. This growth is largely due to decreased raw material expenses and an advantageous festive season schedule, which have collectively propelled sales volumes upward.Industry experts have predicted a 7% uptick in sales, buoyed by a notable 9% surge in domestic decorative paints volumes. This increase is largely driven by robust demand for waterproofing products and items within the economy range. The strategic decision by Asian Paints to reduce prices in November is also considered a key factor in stimulating market expansion.Furthermore, the company is expected to report Ebitda margins that not only meet but exceed their previous forecasts of 18-20%. Margins could potentially top 22%, despite the firm's significant investment in advertising and promotional activities.The detailed financial results are awaited by investors and analysts alike, as they will provide insights into the company's profitability and the effectiveness of its strategic initiatives during a key sales period.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Asian Paints is expected to report a 34% increase in net profit for the December quarter due to lower raw material costs and increased sales volumes driven by the festive season and price reductions. The company's EBITDA margins are projected to exceed forecasts, potentially reaching 22%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BackgroundPeople with intellectual and developmental disabilities are among the most underserved in an inequitable healthcare system.MethodsUsing Arksey and O'Malley's methodology and a social determinants of health framework, we conducted a scoping review of literature on the state of practice in education of healthcare professionals in the health and healthcare needs of this population.ResultsSearches found 4948 articles, with 182 included in the final review. Themes identified included gaps of not being informed by workforce needs, continued use of the medical model of care, not addressing intersectionality with racial/ethnic and other discriminations, and lack of involvement of the population in developing/evaluating programs and promising trends of development of competency-based interprofessional programs with experiential learning.ConclusionWe provide recommendations for best practices in a concerted effort to educate a healthcare workforce equipped with the knowledge and skills to address the health needs of this population.",
+        "output": "Health professionals' education related to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Like other European countries, Austria introduced employment restrictions for foreigners after World War I. Access to the labor market was to be reserved primarily for Austrian citizens. These new regulations related exclusively to dependent employees and allowed exceptions in view of family reunification, among other things. They were based on official labor market categories and reflected widely accepted imaginations of gender-specific abilities and responsibilities. However, many foreigners earned their living in a household context and their activities hardly matched the official categories of work and family. Since decision-making on employment permits required unambiguous categorization, this situation posed a dilemma for the authorities in charge. Given the vast variety of work arrangements and relations, they struggled to clearly draw the line between employed and not employed workers. Using the example of domestic help and Bulgarian gardeners, this article investigates administrative authorities' attempts to make such distinctions and it examines migrants' efforts to occupy labor market niches. While migrants un/intentionally circumvented regulations and made their living in Austria, the ongoing disputes paradoxically contributed to an enforcement of restrictions. Administrative authorities gradually increased their endeavor to locate unauthorized foreign workers even within households and they sharpened the criteria for their categorization.",
-        "output": "Construction of Il/Legitimate Migrant Labor: Non-Nationals in Domestic Service and Gardening in Interwar Austria",
+        "input": "Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show age-related decreases in the ability to perform activities of daily living and the decline in these activities is related to the severity of neurobiological deterioration underlying the disease. The 5xFAD mouse model of AD shows age-related impairments in sensory- motor and cognitive function, but little is known about changes in species-typical behaviours that may model activities of daily living in AD patients. Therefore, we examined species-typical behaviours used as indices of exploration (rearing) and compulsivity (grooming) across six tests of anxiety-like behaviour or motor function in female 5xFAD mice from 3 to 16 months of age. Robust decreases in rearing were found in 5xFAD mice across all tests after 9 months of age, although few differences were observed in grooming. A fine-scale analysis of grooming, however, revealed a previously unresolved and spatially restricted pattern of grooming in 5xFAD mice at 13-16 months of age. We then examined changes in species-typical behaviours in the home-cage, and show impaired nest building in 5xFAD mice at all ages tested. Lastly, we examined the relationship between reduced species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice and the presentation of freezing behaviour, a commonly used measure of memory for conditioned fear. These results showed that along with cognitive and sensory-motor behaviour, 5xFAD mice have robust age-related impairments in species-typical behaviours. Therefore, species typical behaviours in 5xFAD mice may help to model the decline in activities of daily living observed in AD patients, and may provide useful behavioural phenotypes for evaluating the pre-clinical efficacy of novel therapeutics for AD.",
+        "output": "Age-related changes in species-typical behaviours in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease from 4 to 16 months of age.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Catcalls have been said to insult, intimidate, and silence their targets. The harms that catcalls inflict on individuals are reason enough to condemn them. This paper argues that they also inflict a type of structural harm by subordinating their targets. Catcalling initiates an unwanted conversation where none should exist. This brings the rules and norms governing conversations to bear in such a way that the catcall assigns their target a subordinate discourse role. This not only constrains the behavior of the target here and now, but also influences the norms governing future conversations. Catcalls are then not only bad because of the effects on their target, but also because of their pernicious contribution to the wider normative landscape.",
-        "output": "Catcalls and Unwanted Conversations",
+        "input": "The paper presents the results of an interim analytical approach to the Late Roman shipwreck of Ses Fontanelles recently found in the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). The excellent state of preservation of the hull and the cargo, including amphorae with painted inscriptions (tituli picti), and its location in shallow waters offshore of one of the main touristic beaches of the island makes this a unique finding in the Mediterranean. A first season of excavations and study of the cargo triggered an analytical approach to solve some of the problems pose by archaeological research, mainly related to the possible origin of the vessel. The analytical strategy combines petrographic analysis for the study of the provenance of the amphorae, archaeozoology and residue analysis to identify their content, and analysis of the wood and plant remains to understand the use of vegetal resources in shipbuilding and in the stow of the cargo. The results of the combination of the petrographic analysis, the study of the ichthyofauna and the organic residue analysis suggest that the boat probably departed from the area of Cartagena in the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, carrying a cargo of fish sauce (liquaminis flos), oil, and wine (probably also some olives preserved in grape derivatives), transported in three main types of amphorae. The analysis of the wood shows, as known in Roman shipbuilding, a clear selection of forest resources. The shipbuilders used pine for longitudinal parts of the hull, while for the small pieces related to the assemblage system (pegged, mortise and tenons) and subjected to a great stress they selected harder woods mainly Cupressaceae, Olea europaea, and Laurus nobilis. In addition, the study reveals that mainly branches of Vitis vinifera, but also other herbaceous plants were used as dunnage protecting the cargo during the journey. The results help to shed some light into different aspects of this unique vessel sunk in Mallorcan waters and contributes to show the benefit of applying archaeological sciences in maritime archaeology.",
+        "output": "Multianalytical approach to the exceptional Late Roman shipwreck of Ses Fontanelles (Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) Around 60 per cent of Asia's top companies will upgrade hardware and software technologies by 2025 to increase worker retention with personalised work experiences and enhanced collaboration, according to a new report.Generative AI emerges as a game-changer for organisational advancement, weaving a seamless tapestry across three key fronts: Intelligent Document Processing (IDP), Generative Automation, and Knowledge Sharing.\"By 2026, businesses that link GenAI to smart document handling will discover 20 per cent more ways to use it, boosting productivity, scalability, and delivering better customer experiences,\u201d the IDC report predicted.Business teams using code generation copilots will achieve a 70 per cent success rate in streamlining jobs with task/workflow automation, replacing low-code and IT-supported development by 2024.In 2025, GenAI tools will enable senior leaders to double the productive use of unstructured data by discovering untapped insights and knowledge, driving 20 per cent growth in sustainable business benefits, the report noted.\"The focus on skill development becomes a necessity and a strategic imperative, as GenAI enables personalised development. Simultaneously, the reimagination of workplaces, with digital twins and sustainability stand out as key foci for companies,\" said Dr Lily Phan, Research Director, Future of Work, IDC Asia/Pacific.By 2027, 40 per cent of current job roles will be redefined or eliminated across organisations accelerated by GenAI adoption. Enterprises will leverage personalised technology skills development to drive $1 trillion in productivity gains by 2027, enabled by GenAI and automation everywhere, the report said.--IANSna/vd",
-        "output": "By 2025, 60% of Asia's top companies will upgrade technologies to enhance worker retention through personalized experiences and collaboration, with Generative AI emerging as a game-changer for organizational advancement in document processing, automation, and knowledge sharing. By 2027, 40% of current job roles will be redefined or eliminated due to GenAI adoption, leading to $1 trillion in productivity gains through personalized technology skills development.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "While the Europe-wide cultural impact of the fall of Constantinople to Sultan Mehmed II is well known, its political reverberations in the Holy Roman Empire have received comparatively little attention. This article argues that the events of 1453 inaugurated a new dynamic in the empire that facilitated the polity's consolidation and the creation of new collective institutions within it long before Maximilian I (1486-1519), whose reign is often presented as a constitutional turning point. Some prince-electors had been calling for more effective peace-keeping and judicial institutions for decades before 1453 but lacked the leverage to compel kings and emperors of the Romans to accept political change on their terms. The fall of Constantinople provided a focal point for these negotiations: in return for promising to support an anti-Ottoman crusade, the reformists were able to force a compromise on new peace-keeping legislation at the diets of the 1450s and 1460s. This compromise was catalyzed by public pressure. There was a widely held expectation that leading imperial protagonists should fulfill this mission to defend Christendom, manifested in orations, diplomatic missives, poetry and songs, plays, and early printed pamphlets produced within and for a range of German-speaking public spheres.",
+        "output": "There Can Be No Agreement to Take up Arms against the Turks Unless We First Restore the Empire: The Fall of Constantinople and the Rise of a New Political Dynamic in the Holy Roman Empire, 1453-1467",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - HDFC Bank (NS:HDBK), one of India's leading private sector banks, reported a robust increase in consolidated net profit for the October-December quarter. The bank is also gearing up for the initial public offering (IPO) of its non-deposit, non-banking financial company (NBFC) subsidiary, HDB Financial Services (HDBFSL), by September 2025.HDBFSL has shown a significant surge in its performance, with its loan book expanding to \u20b9840 billion. The company also posted a healthy profit after tax of \u20b96.4 billion for the quarter that ended in December 2023. This growth comes as a positive indicator for HDFC Bank, which holds a substantial stake in HDBFSL.In line with its growth strategy, HDFC Bank is set to expand its physical presence across the country. The bank has plans to increase its branch network substantially, aiming to grow from over 8,091 branches to more than 13,000 within the next five years. This expansion is expected to help HDFC Bank extend its reach and services to a larger customer base, supporting its growth trajectory in the highly competitive Indian banking sector. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "HDFC Bank reported a robust increase in consolidated net profit for the October-December quarter and is gearing up for the IPO of its NBFC subsidiary, HDBFSL, by September 2025. HDBFSL has shown a significant surge in its performance, with its loan book expanding to \u20b9840 billion and a healthy profit after tax of \u20b96.4 billion for the quarter that ended in December 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: Donnelly, S, Collins, K, Burns, C, O'Neill, C, and Mangan, S. A comparison of elite and sub-elite match-play running performance of Gaelic football players. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 912-923, 2024-This research aimed to examine differences in match-play running performance between elite and sub-elite Gaelic football players. Global Positioning System devices were used to record the match-play running performance of sub-elite and elite players during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. In total, 783 samples were collected from 31 sub-elite and 30 elite players, from 1 elite and 1 sub-elite team. Comparisons were made on a team and positional level. Statistical significance was accepted at p \u2264 0.05. Significant positional differences were present between all positions with varying effect sizes (ESs) and p-values. Effect size was used to determine the magnitude of statistical difference. On a team level, the elite covered significantly more relative distance (p = 0.021, ES = 0.007) and elicited significantly higher average speed (p = 0.023, ES = 0.007) in quarters 2, 3, and 4 than the sub-elite. The elite covered significantly more relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012) in quarter 3 and performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009) in quarter 4. In quarter 1, the sub-elite performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009), relative high-speed running (\u226517 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.011, ES = 0.009), and relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km\u00b7h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012). Power events were defined as the estimation of the number of events that depend on anaerobic processes. The present study indicates that elite players possess superior conditioning, ability to read match-play, pacing, and anaerobic capacity. Sub-elite teams may use the present study to inform their training to potentially improve conditioning, pacing, and anaerobic capacity.",
+        "output": "A Comparison of Elite and Sub-elite Match-Play Running Performance of Gaelic Football Players.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Formulating suitable policies is essential for resources and environmental management. In this study, an agricultural pollutants emission trading management model driven by water resources and pollutants control is developed to search reasonable policies for agricultural water resources allocation under multiple uncertainties. Random-fuzzy and interval information in water resources system that have directly impact on the effectiveness of management schemes is reflected through interval two-stage stochastic fuzzy-probability programming. The model was root from regional agricultural water resources system in Jining City, China under considering the relationship among effective precipitation, crop water demand, and pollutants emission. Two types policies (water consumption-control and pollutants emission-control) are designed for searching the related interaction on water resources management and water quality improvement. The results indicated that water resources policies would be of water and environmental double benefits, and a large rainfall would reduce irrigation amount from water sources and lead to a larger pollutants emission trading. The results will help for defining scientific and effective water resources protection and management policies and analyzing the related interacted effects on water consumption, pollutants control and system benefit.",
-        "output": "Different policies constrained agricultural non-point pollutants emission trading management for water system under interval, fuzzy, and stochastic information",
+        "input": "How members of perpetrator groups engage with their ingroup's negative history has received increasing attention over the past years. Yet, little research has addressed how people psychologically negotiate multiple past ingroup transgressions. Across two studies (n = 362), we exposed German participants to information about two ingroup transgressions, the Holocaust and the colonial genocide in former South West Africa, to test ideas of a multidirectional memory (= one memory productively informs another) versus a competitive memory (= memories stand in competition) effect. Along six indicators of memory (negativity and significance, acknowledging responsibility, collective guilt and shame, willingness to make reparations), we find that people build small memory hierarchies when given the opportunity. Overall, however, it seems that most people show similar levels of history engagement for different transgressions. We discuss how our findings relate to the public discourse on multiple memories.",
+        "output": "How do members of a perpetrator group negotiate multiple past ingroup transgressions? A German case study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.There is beauty in Cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media, creating a union between a community of professionals who share creative personality traits and a unique sense of humour.image",
-        "output": "#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared",
+        "input": "Key tipping points of history are rarely found directly in the archaeological record, not least because an event's significance often lies in the perception of the participants. This article documents an early-ninth-century ritual fire-burning event at the Maya site of Ucanal in Guatemala and argues that it marked a public dismantling of an old regime. Rather than examine this event as part of a Classic period Maya collapse, the authors propose that it was a revolutionary pivot point around which the K'anwitznal polity reinvented itself, ushering in wider political transitions in the southern Maya Lowlands.",
+        "output": "A pivot point in Maya history: fire-burning event at K'anwitznal (Ucanal) and the making of a new era of political rule",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MAN Industries (India) Ltd on Monday said it has secured new orders worth Rs 380 crore.The current order book of the company has reached Rs 1,400 crore, MAN Industries (India) said in a statement. The current order book is to be executed within the next six months, it added.Shares of the company surged by more than 9 per cent to hit a 52-week high of Rs 256.80 on BSE following the announcement. Around 1.24 lakh shares were traded on the exchange.On NSE, the stock surged 9.51 per cent to hit a year high of Rs 257.30 as more than 14 lakh shares changed hands on the exchange.Shares of the company were trading 6.98 per cent higher at Rs 250.75 on BSE and 6.38 per cent higher at Rs 249.95 on NSE in the pre-close session.MAN Industries (India) Chairman R C Mansukhani said that these new order wins will further solidify the company's role as a significant contributor to the nation's growth and development.MAN Industries (India) is one of the largest players in LSAW (longitudinal submerged arc welded) pipes, spirally welded pipes and coating systems.",
-        "output": "MAN Industries (India) Ltd has secured new orders worth Rs 380 crore, taking its current order book to Rs 1,400 crore, which is to be executed within the next six months. The company's shares surged by more than 9% to hit a 52-week high on BSE and NSE following the announcement.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and health-related outcomes of children with diagnosed health conditions and functional difficulties who do not meet criteria for having a special health care need based on the traditional scoring of the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener.METHODS: Data come from the 2016 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 225443). Child characteristics and health-related outcomes were compared among 4 mutually exclusive groups defined by CSHCN Screener criteria and the presence of both conditions and difficulties.RESULTS: Among children who do not qualify as children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) on the CSHCN Screener, 6.8% had \u22651 condition and \u22651 difficulty. These children were more likely than CYSHCN to be younger, female, Hispanic, uninsured, privately insured, living in a household with low educational attainment, have families with more children and a primary household language other than English. After adjustment, non-CYSHCN with \u22651 conditions and \u22651 difficulty were less likely than CYSHCN, but significantly more likely than other non-CYSHCN, to have \u22652 emergency department visits, have unmet health care needs, not meet flourishing criteria, live in families that experienced child health-related employment impacts and frustration accessing services. Including these children in the calculation of CYSHCN prevalence increases the national estimate from 19.1% to 24.6%.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 4 million children have both a diagnosed health condition and functional difficulties but are not identified as CYSHCN. An expanded approach to identify CYSHCN may better align program and policy with population needs.",
+        "output": "An Expanded Approach to the Ascertainment of Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS) SpiceJet (NS:SPJT) on Monday said that it has received in-principle approval from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for the issuance of equity shares and warrants convertible into equity shares on a preferential basis. The in-principle approval from BSE allows SpiceJet to proceed with the process of fund infusion, providing the airline with the necessary financial impetus for its growth.The approval comes on the heels of SpiceJet's successful 39th Annual General Meeting (AGM) held on January 10, where the members approved the proposal for a fund infusion of Rs 2,242 crore.Ajay Singh, Chairman and Managing Director of SpiceJet, said: \"The in-principle approval from BSE for the fund infusion is a crucial step for SpiceJet as we embark on a journey to enhance our capabilities and strengthen our position in the Indian aviation sector.\u201cWe believe the fund infusion will open new avenues for SpiceJet, enabling us to capitalise on potential opportunities and contribute to the growth of the aviation sector in India.\"Meanwhile, an airline spokesperson said that \"significant portion of the fund infusion will be utilised to fuel the airline\u2019s growth, expand its network, bring grounded planes back into operation and position SpiceJet as a more resilient and competitive player in the aviation industry\".--IANSssh/ksk",
-        "output": "SpiceJet has received in-principle approval from BSE for a fund infusion of Rs 2,242 crore through the issuance of equity shares and warrants convertible into equity shares on a preferential basis. This fund infusion will be utilized to fuel the airline's growth, expand its network, and bring grounded planes back into operation.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study aims to explore the performance of suppliers in the tourism and traveling sector. Therefore, we designed a case study in a cruise hotel and developed a team of experts to evaluate the existing suppliers. To rate suppliers, a grey multi-criteria decision-making (G-MCDM) platform is built to encounter the best-performing suppliers. CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation) and CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) methods are used. The results demonstrate that Food suppliers and Interior design maintenance services are selected as the best-performing actors in supply chain while suppliers for chemical cleaning materials are is rated as the worst.",
+        "output": "Cruise hotel sustainable supplier management using a grey-based decision support framework",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Domestic stock market have logged smart gains so far in the calendar year 2023, and climbed to record high levels overcoming several headwinds along its way.The NSE benchmark index, the Nifty50 has gained 8 per cent so far, whereas the broader Nifty 500 index has galloped over 11 per cent on hopes that the Indian economy will maintain its growth trajectory amid crisis in other world economies. Also, rising investor participation with steady flows through the mutual funds route has helped stem downsides in times of sudden volatility.Among individual stocks, 1 out of every 25 shares from the",
-        "output": "The Indian stock market has surged in 2023, with the Nifty50 gaining 8% and the Nifty 500 rising over 11%, driven by hopes of sustained economic growth and increased investor participation through mutual funds.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "How scholars conceptualize and measure the gender gap in mobilization can have profound consequences for substantive conclusions. Scholars typically refer to a difference between women and men's turnout (difference-in-proportions measure) or a fraction of women voters among all voters (proportion measure). Using the case of proportional representation (PR) reform in Norway, I demonstrate that, in the context of low men's turnout, the proportion measure indicates that PR narrows the gap, while the difference-in-proportion measure indicates that it widens the gap. This is because mobilizing fewer women than men widens the difference between women and men's turnout, but may constitute a greater proportional increase in women's mobilization compared to men when only a few men (and even fewer women) vote. These findings bring together seemingly opposing arguments in the PR-gap debate and have wide implications for the study of 'gaps' within and beyond gender scholarship.",
+        "output": "How Gap Measures Determine Results: The Case of Proportional Systems and the Gender Mobilization Gap",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study aims to explore the performance of suppliers in the tourism and traveling sector. Therefore, we designed a case study in a cruise hotel and developed a team of experts to evaluate the existing suppliers. To rate suppliers, a grey multi-criteria decision-making (G-MCDM) platform is built to encounter the best-performing suppliers. CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation) and CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) methods are used. The results demonstrate that Food suppliers and Interior design maintenance services are selected as the best-performing actors in supply chain while suppliers for chemical cleaning materials are is rated as the worst.",
-        "output": "Cruise hotel sustainable supplier management using a grey-based decision support framework",
+        "input": "Nutritional status is one of the most important causes of improper physical and mental development in children. The study attempts to assess the factors affecting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition based on the weight-for-age anthropometric index (z-score) and examine between-kebeles-level differences in determinants of the nutritional status of children. A community-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 12 to November 12, 2022. A sample of 397 children aged 6-59months primary data by applying multi-stage clustered sampling technique was used by considering their heterogeneity. The data were entered by SPSS and analyzed by using R version 3.4.0 and STATA 14.2 statistical software package using a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model and inferences were conducted at a 5% significance level. The results show that birth interval\u226524months (OR=1.431253, 95% CI 1.221337 1.6763421, P-value=0.008), economic status of households medium (OR=16.21466, 95% CI 1.221403 1.423929, P-value=0.000), economic status of households rich (OR=223.2856, 95% CI 1.34295 2.582325, P-value=0.000), employment status of the mother unemployed (OR=0.2291348, 95% CI 0.0529511 0.9966281, P-value=0.049), No toilet facility (bush field) (OR=0.3163329, 95% CI 0.1825356 0.5481975, P-value=0.000), number of household members (OR=0.9100682, 95% CI 0.8313481 0.9967315, P-value=0.042), breastfeeding<12months (OR=0.53803, 95% CI 0.322315 0.898135, P-value=0.018), educational level of father Primary (OR=4.601687, 95% CI 1.758009 2.22053, P-value=0.000), educational level of father Secondary above (OR=99.65229, 95% CI 2.533502 4.788896, P-value=0.000) and geographical area (kebeles) were found to be important factors that affect a child's nutritional status between 6 and 59months. 15% of the overall variation is attributable to the Kebeles level, according to two-level multilevel ordinal logistic regressions with estimates of the variation attributable to the Kebeles level equal to 0.569 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.15. Due to the nature of the response variable random intercept model with random coefficients fitted the data adequately in predicting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition for the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model analysis. So, the researcher recommended that implementing primary health care and nutrition programs that would fit each kebeles' features in Itang Special Woreda to safeguard children from nutritional deficiency.",
+        "output": "Determinants of nutritional status of children aged 6-59months in the case of Itang special woreda, Gambella, Ethiopia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush KhannaLarsen & Toubro Ltd (NS:LART) (L&T) witnessed a surge, reaching a 52-week high of INR 3,614 on 17 January 2024, driven by positive developments in its Buildings and Factories (B&F) business. The company's residential segment within B&F secured a substantial repeat order from the Maharashtra Government Planning and Development Authority. The project involves the construction of economically weaker section (EWS) housing, consisting of 14 towers and associated infrastructure in Navi Mumbai. The comprehensive scope covers civil structures, MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) systems, and external development works, with a timeline of 42 months for project completion.Simultaneously, L&T's B&F business in Oman secured a noteworthy contract for a mixed-use development project in Muscat from a reputed private client. The contract encompasses the construction of a three-star hotel, 101 serviced apartments, a 23-key residential apartment and office block, and associated infrastructure. This strategic move contributes to L&T's growing portfolio in the region.Earlier this month, UBS reiterated a 'buy' rating for L&T's stock, increasing the target price to INR 4,400 from INR 3,600. Additionally, L&T Construction's railways strategic business group secured a substantial contract for high-speed electrification system works covering 508 route km for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) project, popularly known as the bullet train project. These developments underscore L&T's continued success in securing key projects, enhancing its market position and investor confidence.-----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaSPECIAL NEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 82% discount now. Claim your offer for the 2-year plan by clicking \"here\", and for the 1-year plan \"here\". The offer is open for a limited time!",
-        "output": "Larsen & Toubro (L&T) reached a 52-week high of INR 3,614 on January 17, 2024, driven by positive developments in its Buildings and Factories (B&F) business, including a substantial repeat order from the Maharashtra Government Planning and Development Authority for the construction of EWS housing in Navi Mumbai and a contract for a mixed-use development project in Muscat, Oman.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Takotsubo syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19, although minimal data are available. This investigation assessed the incidence and impact of takotsubo syndrome on patients hospitalized with COVID-19.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 with or without takotsubo syndrome in the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database. Outcomes between groups were compared after propensity score matching for patient and hospital demographics and comorbidities.RESULTS: A total of 211,448 patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 171 (0.08%) had a secondary diagnosis of takotsubo syndrome. Before matching, patients with COVID-19 and takotsubo syndrome, compared with patients without takotsubo syndrome, were older (68.95 vs 64.26 years; P < .001); more likely to be female (64.3% vs 47.2%; P < .001); and more likely to have anxiety (24.6% vs 12.8%; P < .001), depression (17.5% vs 11.4%; P = .02), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.6% vs 14.7%; P < .001). The takotsubo syndrome group had worse outcomes than the non-takotsubo syndrome group for death (30.4% vs 11.1%), cardiac arrest (7.6% vs 2.1%), cardiogenic shock (12.9% vs 0.4%), length of hospital stay (10.7 vs 7.5 days), and total charges ($152,685 vs $78,468) (all P < .001). After matching and compared with the non-takotsubo syndrome group (n = 508), the takotsubo syndrome group (n = 170) had a higher incidence of inpatient mortality (30% vs 14%; P < .001), cardiac arrest (7.6% vs 2.8%; P = .009), and cardiogenic shock (12.4% vs 0.4%; P < .001); a longer hospital stay (10.7 vs 7.6 days; P < .001); and higher total charges ($152,943 vs $79,523; P < .001).CONCLUSION: Takotsubo syndrome is a rare but severe in-hospital complication in patients with COVID-19.",
+        "output": "Incidence and Impact of Takotsubo Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DENVER - Vortex Brands Co. (OTC: VTXB) has announced its ongoing efforts to enhance its Bitcoin mining capabilities through the acquisition of additional mining units. The company, which operates within the cryptocurrency sector with a focus on Bitcoin Mining, is actively increasing its hash power to meet the rising demand for digital assets and strengthen its presence in the market.The acquisition process is in progress, with Vortex Brands Co. committed to keeping shareholders and the public informed of the developments. Details on the number of mining units and their expected impact on the company's operations will be disclosed following the completion of the transaction.The information provided in this article is based on a press release statement from Vortex Brands Co.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Vortex Brands Co. (OTC: VTXB) is acquiring additional Bitcoin mining units to enhance its mining capabilities and meet the rising demand for digital assets. The company is committed to keeping shareholders informed of the developments and will disclose details upon completion of the transaction.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Patient education is a vital role of nurses in nurse-led clinics(NLCs). Since 2011, independent NLCs entitled health education Nurse-led clinics(HENLCs) have been established in Iran. In order for this newly developed service to be able to perform perfectly in implementation and evaluation, it should be explained based on one of the quality evaluation models. The objective of the study was to determine the dimension of service quality in HENLCs based on service providers' and service recipients' experience.METHODS: This research is a qualitative study of directed content analysis type conducted between May and November 2020. Twenty-nine participants who had rich experiences in the patient education in HENLCs were interviewed in this study. Asarroodi et al.'s (2018) qualitative content analysis method was used for data analysis, and MaxQDA software was used for data management. We used credibility, dependability, and Confirmability to confirm the trustworthiness of the study's findings.RESULTS: In this study service providers including managers, policymakers, decision-makers, nurses, physicians, and service recipients including patients and families participated. Seven generic categories, including (1) a competent and self-motivated nurse educator, (2) an easily accessible and comfortable environment, (3) informational-educational materials and health education equipment, (4) motivational facilities, (5) access to the health education support team, (6) organizational communication supporting the education process, and (7) receiving the patient education fee, constituted the main category of structure. Five generic categories, including (1) assessment and determination of the educational needs of the target group, (2) description of the nurse's duties, (3) teaching-learning methods, (4) patient referral, and (5) the process of preparing and publishing educational content, constituted the main category of process. One generic category called evaluation constituted the main category of outcome.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to managers to pay attention to the dimensions of the quality model of Donabedian (SPO) in setting up and developing the performance of HENLCs, it is recommended that future quantitative studies based on the categories formed in this study evaluate the observance of the dimensions of structure, process and outcome.",
+        "output": "Quality of services in health education nurse-led clinics: an Iranian service providers and service recipients experience.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK -   Newmark Group  , Inc. (NASDAQ:NMRK), a commercial real estate advisory firm, has successfully closed its private offering of $600 million in senior notes with a 7.5% annual interest rate, the company announced today. The notes, which are unsecured general obligations of Newmark, are set to mature on January 12, 2029.Interest on these notes will be paid semi-annually, starting from July 12, 2024. Newmark has outlined its intention to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay a portion or the entirety of its $420 million outstanding term loan. Any remaining funds will be directed towards repaying existing revolving debt, including borrowings under the company's credit agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P., and for other general corporate purposes.The offering of these notes was conducted as a private transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Consequently, the notes have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, and they may not be offered or sold within the United States absent registration or an exemption from such registration requirements.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Newmark Group, Inc. closed a private offering of $600 million in senior notes with a 7.5% annual interest rate, maturing on January 12, 2029. The proceeds will be used to repay a portion or all of its $420 million outstanding term loan and existing revolving debt.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Many years of archaeological excavation brought to light a rich material, that can be used in research of topics important from a social and economic point of view, such as the character of the production and/or organization, the development of technique and production technology, or the assortment of goods. A deep analysis of the selected categories of artifacts, in this case made of leather, can be used for a double purpose - a reconstruction of the process and conditions of early medieval leather craft formation, as well as a presentation of their role and significance in the activity structure of the inhabitants of Szczecin. Such an attempt to grasp the rules governing the development of one of the most important production branches - leatherworking, has been undertaken on the basis of leather objects that can be found on a mass scale in Szczecin's cultural layers dated for the period from the early 10th to the mid-13th century. Key to these studies are the results of zoological analyses, which perfectly complement the archaeological conclusions.",
+        "output": "Why together? Archaeology and zoology about medieval leather products on the example of Szczecin",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "After pouring a whopping amount into Indian equities in the past three months, foreign investors have slowed down the pace of inflow to Rs 12,262 crore in August on higher crude oil prices and resurfacing of inflation risks.\"FPIs are adopting a 'wait and watch' approach rather than making a complete U-turn. There continues to be uncertainty in the global economy and the underlying scenario is fast changing. This will make the flows from FPIs volatile,\" Himanshu Srivastava, Associate Director - Manager Research, Morningstar India, said.According to the data with depositories, Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) invested a net amount of Rs 12,262 crore in Indian equities in August. This figure includes investment through the primary market and bulk deals, which have been gathering momentum recently.This is the lowest investment in the last four months. Before this investment, FPIs invested over Rs 40,000 crore each in the past three months in Indian equities.The net inflow by FPIs was at Rs 46,618 crore in July, Rs 47,148 crore in June, and Rs 43,838 crore in May. Before that, the inflow amount was Rs 11,631 crore in April and Rs 7,935 crore in March, data with the depositories showed.Srivastava attributed the slowdown in FPI investment in August to concerns on the global macroeconomic front, with higher crude oil prices and resurfacing of inflation risks.Additionally, firming up of bond yields in the US would have also led some foreign investors to drift away from riskier markets in favour of greater certainty and better risk-reward profile offered by US treasuries, he said.Also, the intermittent rally in the Indian equity markets could have resulted in its valuation going beyond the comfort level of a few investors, he added.\"FPIs have been sellers in most emerging markets in August mainly due to this double whammy of rising dollar and rising bond yields. Profit booking in financials also contributed to FPI selling,\" V K Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said.Mayank Mehraa, smallcase manager and principal partner at Craving Alpha, said the slowdown in inflow can be attributed in part to a specific group of investors, Private Equity (PE) funds.\"Many of these PE funds manage investments on behalf of clients, including conservative institutions like endowment funds. These endowments typically seek consistent and low-risk returns to support long-term financial goals, such as scholarships or charitable endeavours,\" he added.Apart from equities, FPIs invested Rs 7,732 crore in the country's debt market last month.With this, the total investment by FPIs in equity has reached Rs 1.35 lakh crore and close to Rs 28,200 crore in the debt market this year so far.In terms of sectors, FPIs have been consistently buying capital goods. Recently, they have been buyers in healthcare too.",
-        "output": "Foreign investors slowed down their pace of inflow into Indian equities in August to Rs 12,262 crore due to concerns over higher crude oil prices and resurfacing inflation risks, marking the lowest investment in the last four months. Despite this slowdown, FPIs have invested a total of Rs 1.35 lakh crore in equity and Rs 28,200 crore in the debt market this year so far.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Trace metal soil contamination poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems, necessitating thorough investigation and management strategies. Researchers have increasingly utilized advanced techniques like remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), geostatistical analysis, and multivariate analysis to address this issue. RS tools play a crucial role in collecting spectral data aiding in the analysis of trace metal distribution in soil. Spectroscopy offers an effective understanding of environmental contamination by analyzing trace metal distribution in soil. The spatial distribution of trace metals in soil has been a key focus of these studies, with factors influencing this distribution identified as soil type, pH levels, organic matter content, land use patterns, and concentrations of trace metals. While progress has been made, further research is needed to fully recognize the potential of integrated geospatial imaging spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis for assessing trace metal distribution in soils. Future directions include mapping multivariate results in GIS, identifying specific anthropogenic sources, analyzing temporal trends, and exploring alternative multivariate analysis tools. In conclusion, this review highlights the significance of integrated GIS and multivariate analysis in addressing trace metal contamination in soils, advocating for continued research to enhance assessment and management strategies.",
+        "output": "Mapping soil trace metal distribution using remote sensing and multivariate analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com -- Main U.S. indexes retreated Tuesday, as risk appetite fell while investors digested earnings from more senior banks.Here are some of the biggest U.S. stock movers today:\u200bGoldman Sachs (NYSE:GS) stock rose 1.75% after the lender\u2019s profit rose 51% in the fourth quarter as its equity traders capitalized on a recovery in markets and revenue from its asset and wealth business rose. Morgan Stanley  (NYSE:MS) stock declined 3.3%. The bank beat revenue forecasts by a wide margin, boosted by strength in its investment banking business, but it missed profit expectations because of special one-time charges.Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) stock rose 1% after CEO Elon Musk said he would be uncomfortable growing the electric vehicle maker to be a leader in artificial intelligence and robotics without having at least 25% voting control of the company.Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) stock fell 1.3% after the tech giant offered rare discounts on its iPhones in China, implying serious competition pressures.Boeing (NYSE:BA) stock fell 7% after the Federal Aviation Administration extended the grounding of the plane maker\u2019s 737 MAX 9 airplanes indefinitely for new safety checks.  Wells Fargo  (NYSE:WFC) downgraded the company to \u2018equal weight\u2019 from \u2018overweight\u2019, saying the risk of production/delivery impact has increased \u201csignificantly\u201d after the recent    Alaska Air    (NYSE:ALK) flight drama.Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) stock rose 0.8%, with the software giant remaining in demand just a few days after it overtook Apple as the world's most valuable firm.PayPal (NASDAQ:PYPL) stock fell 3.3% after social media giant X, formerly known as Twitter, was granted a license to transfer money from Utah on Monday, as it explores adding a payments feature to its platform.Restaurant Brands (NYSE:QSR) stock fell 3.3% after the parent of Burger King announced plans to acquire Carrols Restaurant Group (NASDAQ:TAST) for a 13% premium in an all-cash transaction.AMD (NASDAQ:AMD) climbed 8.8% after analysts raised their price target on the stock.  Barclays  (LON:BARC) raised its price target to $200, KeyBanc raised its price target to $195, and Susquehanna raised AMD\u2019s price target to $170.Synopsys (NASDAQ:SNPS) stock rose 3.3% after it entered into an agreement to acquire Ansys (NASDAQ:ANSS). Under the terms of the agreement, Ansys shareholders will receive $197 in cash and 0.3450 shares of Synopsys common stock for each Ansys share, representing an enterprise value of approximately $35 billion. Ansys shares were down 5%.Coupang (CPNG) stock fell 7.5% after analysts at Citi downgraded the stock to \u2018neutral\u2019 from \u2018buy\u2019, citing increased uncertainties on the trajectory of operating profit.DuPont (NYSE:DD) stock fell 2.4% after analysts at BofA Securities downgraded the stock to \u2018underperform\u2019 from \u2018buy\u2019, citing valuation, earnings, and under-appreciated PFAS liabilities.",
-        "output": "Goldman Sachs and Tesla stocks rose on strong earnings and CEO's comments, while Morgan Stanley, Boeing, and PayPal declined due to earnings misses, safety concerns, and competition pressures.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the predictive functional factors influencing the acquisition of basic activities of daily living performance abilities during the early stages of stroke rehabilitation using classification and regression analysis trees.METHODS: The clinical data of 289 stroke patients who underwent rehabilitation during hospitalization (164 males; mean age: 62.2\u00b113.9 years) were retrospectively collected and analysed. The follow-up period between admission and discharge was approximately 6 weeks. Medical records, including demographic characteristics and various functional assessments with item scores, were extracted. The modified Barthel Index on discharge served as the target outcome for analysis. A good outcome was defined as a modified Barthel Index score \u226575 on discharge, while a modified Barthel Index score <75 was classified as a poor outcome.RESULTS: Two classification and regression analysis tree models were developed. The first model, predicting activities of daily living outcomes based on early motor functions, achieved an accuracy of 92.4%. Among patients with a good outcome, 70.9% exhibited (i) \u22654 points in the sitting-to-standing category in the motor assessment scale and (ii) 32 points on the Berg Balance Scale score. The second model, predicting activities of daily living outcome based on early cognitive functions, achieved an accuracy of 82.7%. Within the poor outcome group, 52.2% had (i) \u226421 points in the visuomotor organization category of Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment, (ii) \u22641 point in the time orientation category of the Mini Mental State Examination.CONCLUSION: The ability to perform sitting-to-standing and visuomotor organization functions at the beginning of rehabilitation emerged as the most significant predictors for achieving successful basic activities of daily living on discharge after stroke.",
+        "output": "Early functional factors for predicting outcome of independence in daily living after stroke: a decision tree analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Recent work finds that nonviolent resistance by ethnic minorities is perceived as more violent and requiring more policing than identical resistance by ethnic majorities, reducing its impact and effectiveness. We ask whether allies-advantaged group participants in disadvantaged group movements-can mitigate these barriers. On the one hand, allies can counter negative stereotypes and defuse threat perceptions among advantaged group members, while raising expectations of success and lowering expected risks among disadvantaged group members. On the other hand, allies can entail significant costs, carrying risks of cooptation, replication of power hierarchies, and marginalization of core constituencies. To shed light on this question we draw on the case of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which, in 2020, attracted unprecedented White participation. Employing a national survey experiment, we find that sizeable White presence at racial justice protests increases protest approval, reduces perceptions of violence, and raises the likelihood of participation among White audiences, while not causing significant backlash among Black audiences. Black respondents mostly see White presence as useful for advancing the movement's goals, and predominant White presence reduces expectations that protests will be forcefully repressed. We complement these results with analysis of tens of thousands of images shared on social media during the 2020 BLM protests, finding a significant association between the presence of Whites in the images and user engagement and amplification. The findings suggest that allyship can be a powerful tool for promoting sociopolitical change amid deep structural inequality.",
-        "output": "The politics of allyship: Multiethnic coalitions and mass attitudes toward protest.",
+        "input": "China's energy-related methane (CH4) emissions account for >19.03% of global energy sector emissions, posing a significant threat to China's endeavors in mitigating climate change. However, research on the spatial-temporal patterns, drivers, and mitigation policies remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by building an innovative research framework to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and drivers of energy-related CH4 emissions across 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019, combining Standard Deviation Ellipsometry (SDE), Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), Markov Chain (MC) and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). Key findings are: (1) The emissions exhibit a distinct clustering characteristic, with emissions clustered towards the Northeast-Central-Northwest direction over time. (2) There is significant positive spatial autocorrelation among emissions. As L-L agglomeration type provinces have shifted to L-H agglomeration type, the uneven distribution pattern of emissions will be intensified. (3) The emissions display path dependency, maintaining 84% steady-state probability. High-emitting provinces surrounded by medium-high or high emitters have higher downward shift probabilities. (4) The emissions have negative spillover effects on neighboring regions, suggesting the presence of competitive/substitution relationships among provinces regarding CH4 emission sources or mitigation measures. This research enhances understanding of China's energy-related CH4 emissions patterns and drivers, enriching the emission reduction research system. It provides new perspective for policymakers to develop adaptive policies.",
+        "output": "Spatial-temporal distribution and multiple driving mechanisms of energy-related CH4 emissions in China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The utilization of user's facial- and speech-related features for the estimation of the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multimedia services is still underinvestigated despite its potential. Currently, only the use of either facial or speech features individually has been proposed, and relevant limited experiments have been performed. To advance in this respect, in this study, we focused on WebRTC-based videoconferencing, where it is often possible to capture both the facial expressions and vocal speech characteristics of the users. First, we performed thorough statistical analysis to identify the most significant facial- and speech-related features for QoE estimation, which we extracted from the participants' audio-video data collected during a subjective assessment. Second, we trained individual QoE estimation machine learning-based models on the separated facial and speech datasets. Finally, we employed data fusion techniques to combine the facial and speech datasets into a single dataset to enhance the QoE estimation performance due to the integrated knowledge provided by the fusion of facial and speech features. The obtained results demonstrate that the data fusion technique based on the Improved Centered Kernel Alignment (ICKA) allows for reaching a mean QoE estimation accuracy of 0.93, whereas the values of 0.78 and 0.86 are reached when using only facial or speech features, respectively.",
-        "output": "QoE Estimation of WebRTC-based Audio-visual Conversations from Facial and Speech Features",
+        "input": "The goal of the project accounted in the present article was to produce a perfect replica of the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II with organic and sustainable materials and to let it be displayed without a showcase and even touched by visitors in a museum. The replica was produced by an integrated team of experts through 3D modeling and handcraft. The mummy was the core of the exhibition entitled The mummy of Ramses. The immortal pharaoh visited by more than 50 0 0 people for four months (68 opening days). The interaction of visitors with the touchable embalmed body was thus studied, as well as the preservation state of the recreated mummified skin. The results of such an experience are illustrated hereby. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Caress the pharaoh. The tactile reproduction of Ramses II's mummy in the Sapienza University Museum of the Near East, Egypt and Mediterranean",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com - US stock futures were trading in negative territory during Sunday's evening deals, following a mixed week for benchmark averages amid mixed inflation data and major financial earnings results.By 6:55 pm ET (11:55 pm GMT) Dow Jones Futures, S&P 500 Futures, and Nasdaq 100 Futures were down by 0.1% apiece.Ahead in the week, investors will be looking towards retail sales, industrial production, Michigan consumer sentiment and expectations, building permits, existing home sales, and the NAHB housing market index.Earnings season is also set to continue with companies including  Morgan Stanley  (NYSE:MS),  Goldman Sachs Group  Inc (NYSE:GS), U.S. Bancorp (NYSE:USB),  Charles Schwab  Corp (NYSE:SCHW), PNC Financial Services Group Inc (NYSE:PNC) and  Prologis  Inc (NYSE:PLD) set to report.Stay ahead of the curve this earnings season with InvestingPro+! Use discount code \u201cINVPRODEAL\u201d and receive an additional 10% off the InvestingPro+ bi-yearly subscription. Click here! and don't forget the discount code.During Friday's trade, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 118 points or 0.3% to 37,593, the S&P 500 added 3.6 points or 0.1% to 4,783.8 and the NASDAQ Composite finished flat at 14,972.8.The US stock market will remain closed on Monday in observance of Martin Luther King Day.",
-        "output": "US stock futures traded slightly lower on Sunday evening, with the Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq 100 Futures all down by 0.1% ahead of a busy week of economic data and earnings reports.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Explanations in behavioural neuroscience are often said to be mechanistic in the sense that they explain an organism's behaviour by describing the activities and organisation of the organism's parts that are constitutively relevant to organism behaviour. Much has been said about the constitutive relevance of working parts (in debates about the so-called mutual manipulability criterion), but relatively little has been said about the constitutive relevance of the organising relations between working parts. Some New Mechanists seem to endorse a simple causal-linking account: organising relations are constitutively relevant to organism behaviour if and only if (and because) they are causal relations that link the working parts that are constitutively relevant to organism behaviour. In this paper, I argue that the causal-linking account is inadequate because it neglects the constitutive relevance of anatomical relations that organise the working parts of a behaving organism. I demonstrate this by considering a case study where the anatomical organisation of the barn owl (Tyto alba) is constitutively relevant to their mechanism for sound localization. The anatomical organisation of this mechanism is best understood as the back-and-forth flow of task information across 7 levels of anatomy (a notion that I distinguish from levels of mechanism). A further implication, I conclude, is that at least some of the interlevel structure of neuroscientific explanation is accounted for by levels of anatomy, not levels of mechanism.",
+        "output": "Anatomy's role in mechanistic explanations of organism behaviour",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study investigated the impact of local government spending on mental health in England between 2013 and 2019. Guided by the Health in All Policies vision, which encourages the integration of health in all decision-making areas, we explored how healthcare and multiple nonmedical budgeting decisions related to population mental health. We used random curve general cross-lagged modelling to dynamically partition effects into the short-run (from t to t+1) and long-run (from t to t+2) impacts, account for unobserved area-level heterogeneity and reverse causality from health outcomes to financial investments, and comprehensive modelling of budget items as an interconnected system. Our findings revealed that spending in adult social care, healthcare, and law & order predicted long-term mental health gains (0.004-0.081 SDs increase for each additional 10% in expenditure). However, these sectors exhibited negative short-term impulses (0.012-0.077 SDs decrease for each additional 10% in expenditure), markedly offsetting the long-term gains. In turn, infrastructural and environmental spending related to short-run mental health gains (0.005-0.031 SDs increase for each additional 10% in expenditure), while the long-run effects were predominantly negative (0.005-0.028 SDs decrease for each additional 10% in expenditure). The frequent occurrence of short-run and long-run negative links suggested that government resources may not be effectively reaching the areas that are most in need. In the short-term, negative effects could also imply temporary disruptions to service delivery largely uncompensated by later mental health improvements. Nonetheless, some non-health spending policies, such as law & order and infrastructure, can be related to long-lasting positive mental health impacts.",
-        "output": "Local government spending and mental health: Untangling the impacts using a dynamic modelling approach.",
+        "input": "Importance Selection processes for surgical training should aim to identify candidates who will become competent independent practitioners and should aspire to high standards of reliability and validity. Objective To determine the association between measured candidate factors at the time of an Irish selection and assessment outcomes in surgical training, examined via rate of progression to Higher Specialist Training (HST), attrition rates, and performance as assessed through a multimodal framework of workplace-based and simulation-based assessments. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective observational cohort study included data from all successful applicants to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) national Core Surgical Training (CST) program. Participants included all trainees recruited to dedicated postgraduate surgical training from 2016 to 2020. These data were analyzed from July 11, 2016, through July 10, 2022. Exposures Selection decisions were based on a composite score that was derived from technical aptitude assessments, undergraduate academic performance, and a 4-station multiple mini-interview. Main outcomes and measures Assessment data, attrition rates, and rates of progression to HST were recorded for each trainee. CST performance was assessed using workplace-based and simulation-based technical and nontechnical skill assessments. Potential associations between selection and assessment measures were explored using Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and multiple linear-regression analyses. Results Data were available for 303 trainees. Composite scores were positively associated with progression to HST (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). There was a weak positive correlation, ranging from 0.23 to 0.34, between scores and performance across all CST assessments. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed technical aptitude scores at application were associated with future operative performance assessment scores, both in the workplace (beta = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48) and simulated environments (beta = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81). There was evidence that the interpersonal skills interview station was associated with future performance in simulated communication skill assessments (beta = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, performance at the time of Irish national selection, measured across technical and nontechnical domains in a multimodal fashion, was associated with future performance in the workplace and in simulated environments. Future studies will be required to explore the consequential validity of selection, including potential unintended effects of selection and ranking on candidate performance.",
+        "output": "Performance in Irish Selection and Future Performance in Surgical Training",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of HDFC Bank will witness massive inflows totalling $600 million from passive trackers this week, predict analysts.This influx is attributed to the rebalancing activities in the S&B BSE Sensex and the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) indices.The Sensex is set for its quarterly rebalancing act on September 15 (date of adjustment), resulting in inflows of $102 million (approximately Rs 850 crore).Furthermore, the inclusion of HDFC Bank in the FTSE indices is expected to rake in $500 million (around Rs 4,100 crore) in inflows on the same date, as reported by Nuvama Alternative & Quantitative Research.\u201cFTSE",
-        "output": "HDFC Bank shares are expected to receive $600 million in inflows from passive trackers this week due to rebalancing activities in the S&P BSE Sensex and FTSE indices, with $102 million from Sensex and $500 million from FTSE.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Previous research has shown that Artificial Intelligence is capable of distinguishing between authentic paintings by a given artist and human-made forgeries with remarkable accuracy, provided sufficient training. However, with the limited amount of existing known forgeries, augmentation methods for forgery detection are highly desirable. In this work, we examine the potential of incorporating synthetic artworks into training datasets to enhance the performance of forgery detection. Our investigation focuses on paintings by Vincent van Gogh, for which we release the first dataset specialized for forgery detection. To reinforce our results, we conduct the same analyses on the artists Amedeo Modigliani and Raphael. We train a classifier to distinguish original artworks from forgeries. For this, we use human-made forgeries and imitations in the style of well-known artists and augment our training sets with images in a similar style generated by Stable Diffusion and StyleGAN. We find that the additional synthetic forgeries consistently improve the detection of human-made forgeries. In addition, we find that, in line with previous research, the inclusion of synthetic forgeries in the training also enables the detection of AI-generated forgeries, especially if created using a similar generator.",
+        "output": "Synthetic images aid the recognition of human-made art forgeries",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To benchmark the university food environment and explore students' experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating in order to inform interventions to improve access and affordability of healthy foods for university students.DESIGN: A food environment audit was conducted on the university campus using the Uni-Food tool from April to May 2022 and was comprised of three main components, university systems and governance, campus facilities and environment, and food retail outlets. A qualitative study design was also used to conduct focus groups and semi-structured interviews with students to explore key themes regarding their experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating.SETTING: Macquarie University, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: For the food environment audit 24 retail outlets on campus and for the qualitative component 29 domestic and international students enrolled at Macquarie University.RESULTS: The university only scored 27% in total for all components in the food environment audit. The results showed the need for better governance and leadership of the food environment. The qualitative component suggested that the main barriers to accessing healthy foods were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included free fruits and vegetables, food relief, discounts, improved self-catering facilities, education, and increased healthy food outlets.CONCLUSIONS: Improving governance measures related to healthy eating on campus are a core priority to strengthen the food environment and students identified pricing and availability as key issues. These findings will inform effective and feasible interventions to improve food security and healthy eating on campus.",
-        "output": "Benchmarking the university campus food environment and exploring student perspectives about food insecurity and healthy eating: a case study from Australia.",
+        "input": "The forthcoming era of quantum computers can be a threat to the conventional cryptography and data security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security under real-life conditions with several protocols over long distances in fibre and free space communication. Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are becoming a dominant technology for QKD thanks to their unique characteristics, such as a near-unity efficiency in the infrared, low dark counts and picoseconds time resolution. Where the detector is typically a weakness of QKD, these SNSPDs characteristics make exploitation difficult. In this work, we characterized NbN SNSPDs at 2.2 K, using a CW laser source at 1550 nm, varying both bias currents and input photon rates to prove their high efficiency at low dark counts with a high counting rate, consistent with the requirements for QKD over long distances or with a high secure key rate.",
+        "output": "High Performance Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors for QKD Applications",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Growth hormone (GH) has been proposed as an adjunct in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, especially in women with poor ovarian response. However, it is unclear whether GH supplementation is effective in women with poor embryonic development in the previous IVF cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of GH supplementation in IVF/ICSI cycles in women with poor embryonic development in the previous cycle.METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study from a public fertility center in China, in which we performed propensity score-matching (PSM) for female age and AFC in a ratio of 1:1. We compared the cumulative live birth rate per started cycle, as well as a series of secondary outcomes. We included 3,043 women with poor embryonic development in the previous IVF/ICSI cycle, of which 1,326 had GH as adjuvant therapy and 1,717 had not. After PSM, there were 694 women in each group.RESULTS: After PSM, multivariate analyses showed the cumulative live birth rate to be significantly higher in the GH group than the control group [N=694, 34.7% vs. N=694, 27.5%, risk ratio (RR): 1.4 (95%CI: 1.1-1.8)]. Endometrial thickness, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos available, and number of good-quality embryos were significantly higher in the GH group compared to controls. Pregnancy outcomes in terms of birth weight, gestational age, fetal sex, preterm birth rate, and type of delivery were comparable. When we evaluated the impact of GH on different categories of female age, the observed benefit in the GH group did not appear to be significant. When we assessed the effect of GH in different AFC categories, the effect of GH was strongest in women with an AFC5-6 (32.2% versus 19.5%; RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.3).CONCLUSIONS: Women with poor embryonic quality in the previous IVF/ICSI cycles have higher rates of cumulative live birth with GH supplementation.",
-        "output": "Does growth hormone supplementation of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection improve cumulative live birth rates in women with poor embryonic development in the previous cycle?",
+        "input": "Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze perceptions of strength training in vocational circus and dance students. It was hypothesized that due to the higher relative strength demands and associated risks of working at height in some aerial and acrobatic disciplines that circus students would be more open to strength training than dancers. Methods: Eighty students completed the Training Information Survey (TIS) (Mean age=20.74\u00b12.71); 39 circus students and 41 dance students. 97% of circus students and 69% of dance participants reported that strength training was a required part of their training with students participating in strength training 4.24\u00b10.98 and 3.05\u00b11.42day per week respectively. Results: Perceptions of strength training amongst vocational circus and dance students appear to be favorable, with both sets of students strongly agreeing with the statements Strength training is essential to my overall development as a dancer/circus artist (5.00 (IQR 1.00) and 5.00 (IQR 1.00) respectively). Following Bonferonni correction only one statement returned statistically significant results with dance students agreeing more strongly with the statement Strength training increases muscle size, U=473.00, P=.001. Students also agreed that strength training helped them to feel better mentally and physically, that strength training is beneficial for both men and women and that it should not be designated as specific to either sex. Conclusion: Results support earlier studies that suggest a cultural shift in perceptions of strength training and ideal esthetic in dance, particularly amongst students and that they are keen to incorporate strength training into their practice. Educational establishments should note students' interest in participating in strength training, reviewing how to embed effective strength training education, more coaching and time allowance for these activities within their timetable. Further research with a greater sample size is recommended to further substantiate these indications of a shift in perceptions.",
+        "output": "Strength Training Perceptions Amongst Vocational Circus and Dance Students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Synthesizing research on wisdom and a real-world practitioner intervention, we develop and test a strategy for presenting political views that fosters cross-partisan respect. This strategy of balanced pragmatism combines two aspects of wise reasoning: balancing multiple interests and seeking pragmatic solutions. Studies 1-5 (N = 2,846) demonstrate that participants respected outgroup political elites more when they used balanced pragmatism versus other forms of messaging. Studies 6-8 (N = 671) extend the usefulness of balanced pragmatism to everyday political disagreements: cross-partisan comments about divisive issues (i.e., guns and immigration) generated more respect when they used balanced pragmatism versus logical analysis. Strikingly, people were as willing to discuss politics with opponents who used balanced pragmatism as they were with ingroup members. Balanced pragmatism appears to improve cross-partisan respect by making opponents seem more moral and rational. Results highlight connections between political psychology and wisdom research and illustrate the fruitfulness of scientist-practitioner collaborations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).",
-        "output": "Using balanced pragmatism in political discussions increases cross-partisan respect.",
+        "input": "This study examined the level of awareness and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets among medical students as measures for reducing malaria episodes in Delta State University, Abraka. It was a descriptive study with objectives and research questions formulated to achieve the study design. A sample size of 200 male and female students resident in the campus hostels were selected using random sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to the study participants, however, only 148 copies of the questionnaires were successfully retrieved and used for the study. Data generated were subjected to quantitative statistical analysis for frequencies, percentages, average mean and Chi-square testing. Findings revealed that the level of awareness was significantly associated with the role of health workers in the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in Delta State University, Abraka, although, factors hindering health workers from distributing insecticide-treated bed nets were identified. There was significant difference between perception of medical students and the utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets on risk of malaria spread. In addition, there was significant difference between the benefits of using insecticide-treated bed nets and the prevention and control of malaria. We therefore conclude that regular utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets due to adequate awareness eliminates contact with mosquitoes and prevents transmitting vectors of malaria from having contact with the users of insecticide-treated bed net. Massive health education campaign is recommended to further scale up the awareness and effective utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets towards prevention and control of malaria bites among students in Delta State University, Abraka.",
+        "output": "Level of awareness and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets among medical students as measures for reducing malaria episodes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Several manuscripts and drawings of our historical and artistic heritage have been produced with iron gall inks. To obtain an iron gall ink, ancient treatises cite the addition of ferrous sulphate and gum Arabic to a decoction of oak galls as a basic procedure. Owing to the development of synthetic chemistry, iron gall ink recipes were improved with new materials and procedures in the late 19th and early 20th century. Notably, many conservation issues arise from the interaction between iron gall inks and the paper support of manuscripts and drawings. To date, most of the research on the topic are focused on paper preservation by non-destructive analytical methods, which provide only limited information on degradation process trends and minor components, representative of iron gall ink's recipes. In the present work, three historical recipes of iron gall inks ( alizarine ink , Reid ink , modern gall ink) , dated to 19th20th century and differing for the preparation method and additives, were characterized. The molecular markers of iron gall inks and of gallic acid degradation were detected by an optimized protocol based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Furthermore, by performing ageing tests on reference materials in different indoor conditions (natural light and stored in the dark), two degradation mechanisms were observed: hydrolysis of poly-galloyl glucose species and auto-oxidation of gallic acid. Thus, different chemical profiles and ageing trends were revealed depending on the starting recipe. The procedure Limit of Detection (LOD) was estimated, improving the approaches reported so far in the literature. Finally, the strategy was successfully applied for the characterisation of the ink employed in a very degraded 16th century manuscript, granting access to the complete molecular profile of an iron gall ink with just 15 mu g of sample. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Linking historical recipes and ageing mechanisms: the issue of 19th century iron gall inks",
+        "input": "Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intense form of treatment, resulting in major symptom burden but can prove curative. The quality of life (QOL) is a major endpoint for these patients as the survival rate in them has improved over time. The aim of the study is to assess the QOL and symptom burden of hematological malignancy patients at admission to hospital for HSCT, at 1 month and at 3 months following HSCT.Methods This prospective observational study was done on hematological malignancy patients who were admitted for HSCT in a regional cancer center. The study subjects were assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant Scale (FACT-BMT Scale), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-revised (r-ESAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) at the time of hospital admission for transplantation, on day 30 (similar to 1 month) and day100 (similar to 3 months) of transplantation.Results A total of 68 patients were included in this study. FACT-BMT scores have decreased from baseline (F0) to the first follow-up (F1) and then increased in the third follow-up (F2). The maximum r-ESAS mean score was for tiredness among all other symptoms at F0 as well as at F1 and at F2. The DASS 21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were maximum during F1 and minimum during F2.Conclusion Symptom burden is maximum during the first month of BMT, which improves later and QOL becomes improved with time.",
+        "output": "Quality of life and symptom burden in hematological cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an observational study at Regional Cancer Centre, India",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The rally in India's mid- and smallcap stocks will continue amid more inflows into these segments, the head of India's tenth-largest mutual fund said on Tuesday.\"The rally may continue due to more flows and less companies to invest in,\" Kalpen Parekh, managing director and CEO of Mumbai-based mutual fund DSP, told the Reuters Trading India forum.Mid- and smallcap indexes have significantly outperformed their larger peer in 2023. The Nifty smallcap 100 index has risen nearly 33% this year, while the Nifty midcap 50 index is up around 29%, versus an 8.7% rise in the benchmark Nifty 50.DSP Mutual Fund will also launch a smallcap fund this year to take advantage of the inflows to the segment, Parekh said.\"We have approval for launching an index fund of smallcap with high-quality companies,\" he said, adding that the fund is likely to launch in December.DSP manages assets of over $16 billion. In 2018, DSP Group purchased BlackRock's 40% stake in DSP BlackRock Investment Managers and was renamed DSP Investment Managers.BlackRock has returned to India this year in partnership with Mukesh Ambani's Jio Financial Services.Parekh believes exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India will continue to grow on the back of factors such as the simplicity of passive investing, driven primarily by money from India's provident funds.\"Individual investors are choosing the index fund route,\" he added.Indian asset managers are launching more passive funds in an overcrowded market for active funds, as they struggle to beat benchmark returns, forcing a shift in the $558 billion industry.Parekh said that DSP's quant fund had underperformed post-pandemic, as the market had rewarded a different set of companies, but expected the tide to turn soon.\"We stick to the rules as defined so when the phase turns, the fund should do well,\" he said.",
-        "output": "India's mid- and smallcap stocks are expected to continue rallying due to increased inflows and a limited number of investment options, according to DSP Mutual Fund's CEO, Kalpen Parekh. DSP plans to launch a smallcap index fund in December to capitalize on this trend.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Increasing temperatures and more frequent heatwave events pose threats to population health, particularly in urban environments due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Greening, in particular planting trees, is widely discussed as a means of reducing heat exposure and associated mortality in cities. This study aims to use data from personal weather stations (PWS) across the Greater London Authority to understand how urban temperatures vary according to tree canopy coverage and estimate the heat-health impacts of London's urban trees. Data from Netatmo PWS from 2015-2022 were cleaned, combined with official Met Office temperatures, and spatially linked to tree canopy coverage and built environment data. A generalized additive model was used to predict daily average urban temperatures under different tree canopy coverage scenarios for historical and projected future summers, and subsequent health impacts estimated. Results show areas of London with higher canopy coverage have lower urban temperatures, with average maximum daytime temperatures 0.8 degrees C and minimum temperatures 2.0 degrees C lower in the top decile versus bottom decile canopy coverage during the 2022 heatwaves. We estimate that London's urban forest helped avoid 153 heat attributable deaths from 2015-2022 (including 16 excess deaths during the 2022 heatwaves), representing around 16% of UHI-related mortality. Increasing tree coverage 10% in-line with the London strategy would have reduced UHI-related mortality by a further 10%, while a maximal tree coverage would have reduced it 55%. By 2061-2080, under RCP8.5, we estimate that London's current tree planting strategy can help avoid an additional 23 heat-attributable deaths a year, with maximal coverage increasing this to 131. Substantial benefits would also be seen for carbon storage and sequestration. Results of this study support increasing urban tree coverage as part of a wider public health effort to mitigate high urban temperatures.",
+        "output": "The potential of urban trees to reduce heat-related mortality in London",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper investigates the influence of hotel employee's thriving at work (including learning and vitality) on their service performance, and explores how leader-member exchange (LMX) moderates this influence. The sampling object of the questionnaire is the employees of 5-star hotels in the north, central, and south of Taiwan who are willing to answer the questionnaires. Purposive sampling is employed. In total, 900 surveys were disseminated throughout Taiwan., including 300 each in the north, central, and south. Out of these, 657 acceptable surveys were collected, resulting in a 73% response rate. The research findings show that: (1) learning positively affect service performance; (2) vitality positively affect service performance; (3) LMX negatively moderates the influence of learning on service performance; (4) LMX negatively moderates the influence of vitality on service performance. At last, the paper proposes managerial implications and subsequent recommendations derived from the research findings.",
-        "output": "Investigating the influence of thriving at work on hotel employees' service performance with the moderating effect of leader-member exchange",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45\u00b0 (direct and indirect light) and 90\u00b0(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45\u00b0 and 90\u00b0 positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists.",
+        "output": "Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A unified and modular falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style framework is introduced for classical, paradefinite, paraconsistent, and paracomplete logics. This framework is composed of two special inference rules, referred to as the rules of explosion and excluded middle, which correspond to the principle of explosion and the law of excluded middle, respectively. Similar to the cut rule in Gentzen's LK for classical logic, these rules are admissible in cut-free LK. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus fsCL for classical logic is formalized based on the proposed framework. The calculus fsCL is obtained from the existing falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN4 for Nelson's paradefinite (or paraconsistent) four-valued logic N4 by adding the rules of explosion and excluded middle. A falsification-aware single-succedent Gentzen-style sequent calculus GN3 for Nelson's paracomplete three-valued logic N3 is also obtained from GN4 by adding the rule of explosion. The cut-elimination theorems for fsCL, GN3, and some of their neighbors as well as the Glivenko theorem for fsCL are proved.",
-        "output": "Rules of Explosion and Excluded Middle: Constructing a Unified Single-Succedent Gentzen-Style Framework for Classical, Paradefinite, Paraconsistent, and Paracomplete Logics",
+        "input": "Autism is characterized by atypical social communication styles. To investigate whether individuals with high autistic traits could still have effective social communication among each other, we compared the behavioral patterns and communication quality within 64 dyads of college students paired with both high, both low, and mixed high-low (HL) autistic traits, with their gender matched. Results revealed that the high-high (HH) autistic dyads exhibited atypical behavioral patterns during conversations, including reduced mutual gaze, communicational turns, and emotional sharing compared with the low-low and/or HL autistic dyads. However, the HH autistic dyads displayed enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization during social communications measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, suggesting an effective communication style. Besides, they also provided more positive subjective evaluations of the conversations. These findings highlight the potential for alternative pathways to effectively communicate with the autistic community, contribute to a deeper understanding of how high autistic traits influence social communication dynamics among autistic individuals, and provide important insights for the clinical practices for supporting autistic people.",
+        "output": "Enhanced neural synchronization during social communications between dyads with high autistic traits.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Can we compute what we cannot draw? How must we draw to produce measurable representations, or visual ones? This research inquires into the relationship between mathematics and figurative representation, and more precisely between drawing and computation. The scientific imagery studied here is the representation of the five platonic solids, discussing various representation techniques from classical antiquity to modern times, and their efficacy to help calculate sizes and proportional ratios. Scholars in history of architectural drawing have too often limited their observations to the very few preserved plans and front views dating back to classical antiquity, without enlarging their investigation to other scientific fields that also rely on drawing as a research tool and communication device. Among these other fields stands the mathematical research, especially solid geometry which deals with objects and entities that have shapes that needs to be somehow drawn in 3D to be studied.",
-        "output": "The Regular Polyhedra: Drawing and Computing in Euclid's day",
+        "input": "Glutaraldehyde-Didecyldimethylammonium bromides (GDs) has been frequently and widely employed in livestock and poultry breeding farms to avoid epidemics such as African swine fever, but its long-term effect on the active sludge microorganisms of the receiving wastewater treatment plant was keep unclear. Four simulation systems were built here to explore the performance of aerobic activated sludge with the long-term exposure of GDs and its mechanism by analyzing water qualities, resistance genes, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community structure. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr and ammonia nitrogen decreased with the exposure concentration of GDs increasing. It is worth noting that long-term exposure to GDs can induce the horizontal transfer and coordinated expression of a large number of resistance genes, such as qacE, sul1, tetx, and int1, in drug -resistant microorganisms. Additionally, it promotes the secretion of more extracellular proteins, including arginine, forming a barrier -like protection. Therefore, long-term exposure to disinfectants can alter the treatment capacity of activated sludge receiving systems, and the abundance of resistance genes generated through horizontal transfer and coordinated expression by drug -resistant microorganisms does pose a significant threat to ecosystems and health. It is recommended to develop effective pretreatment methods to eliminate disinfectants.",
+        "output": "From resistance genes expression to horizontal migration as well as over secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Sludge microorganism's response to the increasing of long-term disinfectant stress",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. -   Unum Group   (NYSE:UNM), an international provider of workplace benefits and services, has announced that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly dividend. Shareholders of record as of January 26, 2024, will receive a dividend of $0.365 per share on the company\u2019s common stock. The payment is scheduled for February 16, 2024.Unum Group, known for its brands Unum and Colonial Life, offers a range of insurance products including disability, life, accident, critical illness, dental, vision, and stop-loss insurance, as well as services in leave and absence management support and behavioral health. In the previous year, the company reported revenues of approximately $12 billion and paid out benefits totaling $8 billion.With a history spanning 175 years, Unum Group continues to serve workers and their families, providing essential financial protection and support services.The dividend announcement is based on a press release statement from Unum Group.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Unum Group, an international provider of workplace benefits, has declared a quarterly dividend of $0.365 per share, payable on February 16, 2024, to shareholders of record as of January 26, 2024. The company reported revenues of approximately $12 billion and paid out benefits totaling $8 billion in the previous year.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Spotlighting a 500 -year -old detail in Michelangelo's David, this paper delves into the intricate connection between technique and art in the medical field, especially in esthetic surgery. With rapid technological advancement, medical specialties are becoming increasingly segmented, leading to potential oversights in holistic human examination. Drawing from an- cient Greek concepts, Techne, Ars, and Episteme are explored as symbolic re- presentations of the convergence of skill and knowledge. Art, defined as a reflection of human creativity and emotion, was historically intertwined with science, as symbolized by the nine Muses. The Renaissance period, exemplified by works like David, underlines the profound relationship between art and anatomy. Dr. Gelfman's observations on the David sign serve as a testament to the continuous dance between medical science and artistic representation. This paper underscores the timeless value of a comprehensive approach in medical practice, urging professionals to amalgamate technical precision with an artistic understanding of the human form. Level of evidence: Level V, opinion expert. (c) 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Deciphering the David Sign: Intersections in esthetic surgery and renaissance sculpture",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PITTSBURGH - In a significant move towards sustainability, Covestro, a leading polymer manufacturer, has entered into a long-term agreement with Encina Development Group to procure chemically recycled raw materials. The materials, derived from post-consumer end-of-life plastic, include benzene and toluene, which are essential for producing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), as well as polycarbonates like those used in automotive and electronics industries.Encina's production facility, which is expected to be operational by the end of 2027, will utilize a proprietary catalytic technology to produce these circular feedstocks. This technology not only supports the reuse of plastics but also offers a reduced carbon footprint compared to traditional fossil-based counterparts. The move aligns with Covestro's goal to become fully circular and climate-neutral by 2035, addressing Scope 3 emissions in the process.Thorsten Dreier, Chief Technology Officer at Covestro, emphasized the importance of sourcing raw materials from used plastics as a decisive step toward a circular economy. David Roesser, CEO of Encina, echoed this sentiment, expressing pride in the partnership with Covestro and the shared vision of a waste-free future.Covestro's approach to circularity includes the use of alternative raw materials and renewable energy, alongside innovative recycling. The company, which reported sales of EUR 18 billion in fiscal 2022, operates 50 production sites worldwide and employs around 18,000 people.The information for this article is based on a press release statement.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Covestro, a polymer manufacturer, has partnered with Encina Development Group to procure chemically recycled raw materials from post-consumer plastic, supporting Covestro's goal of becoming fully circular and climate-neutral by 2035. Encina's production facility, expected to be operational by 2027, will use catalytic technology to produce circular feedstocks with a reduced carbon footprint.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Despite prolific jail diversion initiatives, people with serious mental illness continue to be overrepresented in the criminal legal system. This continued overrepresentation has led to recent calls to address social determinants of health and criminal risk factors rather than to allocate new resources to diverting people from the criminal legal system. This shift toward prevention by addressing social factors that influence health and criminal legal outcomes should occur alongside a continued focus on diversion to understand what works and for whom. An effective, well-funded, and comprehensive community-based mental health services system could serve as the ultimate intercept for preventing criminal legal system involvement.",
+        "output": "Approaching Jail Diversion and Prevention of Criminal Legal System Involvement Simultaneously.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In recent years, micro/nanoplastics have garnered widespread attention due to their ecological risks. In this study, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of different sizes on the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The results demonstrated that exposure to certain concentrations of PS-NPs significantly promoted bacterial biofilm formation. Meanwhile, we comprehensively revealed its mechanism whereby PS-NPs induced oxidative stress and altered bacterial membrane permeability by contacting or penetrating bacterial membranes. To counteract the stimulation by PS-NPs and reduce their toxicity, bacteria enhanced biofilm formation by upregulating the expression of biofilm-related genes, increasing EPS and virulence factors secretion, and enhancing bacterial motility through the participation of the quorum sensing (QS) system. Additionally, we also found that exposure to PS-NPs enhanced bacterial antibiotic resistance, posing a challenge to antimicrobial therapy. Our study reveals the toxic effects of nanoplastics and the defense mechanisms of bacteria, which has important implications for the risk assessment and management of environmental nanoplastics.",
-        "output": "Polystyrene nanoparticles induce biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.",
+        "input": "This paper applies philosophical tools from the causalists/statisticalists debate to the evo-devo idea of variational tendencies as propensities biasing phenotypic change. It contends that variational properties are present in a statistical sense in some population dynamics models, particularly quantitative genetics ones, providing ultimate variational explanations. It further argues that these properties, contrary to some recent views, cannot be subsumed under natural selection. Finally, it advocates for a causalist interpretation of these explanations, where variational statistical properties indirectly refer to evo-devo's variational propensities.",
+        "output": "Variational propensities: development and ultimate causes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The combined market valuation of five of the top-10 most valued firms jumped Rs 86,234.73 crore in a holiday-shortened last week, with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) emerging as the biggest gainer.While TCS, HDFC Bank, Infosys, Hindustan Unilever and Bajaj Finance were the gainers, Reliance Industries, ICICI Bank, ITC, State Bank of India and Bharti Airtel emerged as the laggards.Last week, the BSE benchmark climbed 167.22 points or 0.25 per cent.The market valuation of TCS rallied Rs 32,730.22 crore to Rs 13,24,649.78 crore, the most among the top-10 firms.Bajaj Finance added Rs 21,697.96 crore taking its valuation to Rs 4,94,884.37 crore.The valuation of Infosys jumped Rs 18,057.94 crore to Rs 6,13,655.04 crore and that of Hindustan Unilever climbed Rs 7,730.16 crore to Rs 5,87,104.12 crore.The market capitalisation (mcap) of HDFC Bank gained Rs 6,018.45 crore to Rs 11,63,164.31 crore.However, the valuation of Reliance Industries declined Rs 19,336.49 crore to Rs 15,68,216.88 crore and that of ICICI Bank diminished by Rs 4,671.54 crore to Rs 6,62,057.43 crore.The mcap of State Bank of India fell by Rs 4,105.33 crore to Rs 5,30,211.19 crore and that of ITC eroded by Rs 2,743.6 crore to Rs 5,51,463.84 crore.Bharti Airtel's market valuation dipped Rs 196.19 crore to Rs 5,19,082.95 crore.Reliance Industries remained the country's most valued firm followed by TCS, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Infosys, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, State Bank of India, Bharti Airtel and Bajaj Finance.",
-        "output": "The combined market valuation of the top 5 Indian companies increased by Rs 86,234.73 crore last week, with TCS leading the gainers with a surge of Rs 32,730.22 crore. Reliance Industries, on the other hand, saw a decline of Rs 19,336.49 crore in its valuation.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Loess Plateau is one of the most severely eroded areas in the world. The complexity of the multiple challenges facing the Loess Plateau entails the support of scientific and systematic innovations in land use. Based on technological innovation cluster (TIC) theory, this paper develops a self-circulation structure model for the TIC to analyze the hierarchical structure of the land-use innovations in the Loess Plateau. Then, employing the selfcirculation structure model and taking the Gully Land Consolidation Project (GLCP) as a case study, this paper proposes one TIC-driven sustainable land use mode (TSLUM). A TIC has been developed among innovations in the TSLUM. The structure of TSLUM consists of three types of innovations: basic, related, and infrastructure innovations. Basic innovations are generally radical innovations that breed related, and infrastructure innovations. Diffusion-based and reversal-based mechanisms govern the evolution of the TSLUM. These two clustering mechanisms integrate with each other and jointly promote the development of the TSLUM in a self-circulation way. Furthermore, the TSLUM exhibits multiple functions, such as optimizing gully-slope interaction mechanism, providing continuous driving forces, consolidating the achievements of the Grain for Green Project, bolstering rural livelihoods, and fostering some feasible ways for food security. The results obtained will be useful for advancing sustainable land use and regional sustainable development in the Loess Plateau via TICs effectively and systematically.",
+        "output": "TIC-driven sustainable land use mode in the Loess Plateau: A case study of gully land consolidation project in Yan'an City, China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite an increase in global research on the subject of Pemphigus, which seriously affects patient health and quality of life, there is no bibliometric research on this subject in literature to date. The aim of this study was to conduct a holistic analysis of scientific articles published on Pemphigus, using bibliometric methods. Articles published on the subject of Pemphigus between 1980 and 2021 were downloaded from the web of science (WoS) database and analyzed using various statistical methods. To determine trend subjects, collaboration between countries, and the most effective studies with citation analyses, visual network maps were obtained with bibliometric analyses. A total of 3034 articles were analyzed. The 3 countries making the greatest contribution to literature were the USA (n:831, 27.3%), Japan (n:402, 13.2%), and Germany (n:221, 7.2%). The 3 most active institutions were Keio University (n:163, 5.3%), Kurume University (n:130, 4.2%) and Tel Aviv University (n:107, 3.5%). The 3 journals publishing the most articles were the British Journal of Dermatology (n: 88), Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (n:171) and the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (n:143). The 3 leading journals according to the mean number of citations (NC) per article (citation count: CC) were the New England Journal of Medicine (CC:246), the Lancet (CC:143) and the Journal of Cell Biology (CC:133). The author with the most articles published was Hashimoto Takashi (n.168, 5.5%). As a result of cluster analysis, it was seen that 9 different main clusters had been studied on Pemphigus subjects to date (1: desmoglein, 2: paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP) - Pemphigus types-desmosome, 3: desmoglein 1 ve 3-autoimmunity, 4: treatment-rituximab, 5: acantholysis-apoptosis, 6: quality of life-remission-relapse, 7: autoantibodies, 8: epidemiology-mortality, 9: corticosteroids). The most commonly studied subjects were determined to be pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), autoimmunity, rituximab, PNP, desmoglein (desmoglein3-desmoglein1), autoantibodies, acantholysis, autoantibody, treatment, autoimmune disease, desmosome, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. The primary trending topic was rituximab drug, which is used in the treatment of Pemphigus. The other most studied trend topics were azathioprine drug used in treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, quality of life, mortality rates, Pemphigus herpetiformis, and wound healing.",
-        "output": "The evolution of Pemphigus publications: A bibliometric analysis with research trends and global productivity.",
+        "input": "The term system well-being can move forward a new vision, meaning the result coming from the addition of the well-being of persons belonging to different institutions and organizations, which are all parts of the health care system. Beginning with this new definition, with the aim of analyzing the multifaceted issues related to nurses' well-being, we could use the classical nursing metaparadigm composed of 4 concepts: health, nursing, environment, and person. We briefly describe this conceptual map and provide some focused suggestions for further reflection on topics such as physical and psychological well-being, economic gain and career opportunities, work climate, burnout, low job satisfaction, moral distress, compassion fatigue, and a joyful work environment. This view may help organizations to focus on interventions to prevent or eliminate stress, which may be more proactive and effective than interventions to manage stress. Moreover, it offers a multidimensional map to analyze the different aspects influencing the well-being issue, keeping in mind that a concrete solution can be obtained only if all the components of health care systems and society do their part. Some solutions proposed by authors and organizations to increase nurses' well-being are mindfulness based, such as meditation, yoga, acupuncture, gratitude, journaling, choirs, coaching, workload reduction, job crafting, and peer networks. Other reflections on work organization, expected professional behaviors, nurses' retention, and education should be added to the discussion on this multidimensional issue.",
+        "output": "Nurses' Well-Being: An Amazing Recipe, But What Ingredients Remain Missing?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of sugar manufacturing and its related companies were under pressure for the second straight day falling up to 15 per cent on the BSE in Friday\u2019s intra-day trade amid heavy volumes after the central government directed all sugar mills not to use sugarcane juice or syrup for making ethanol in 2023-24 season, as the sugar production was expected to be down this year. However, the government has allowed the production of ethanol from B-heavy molasses as it is.Praj Industries, Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar, Shree Renuka Sugars, Ugar Sugar Works, Dhampur Sugar Mills and Avadh Sugar & Energy were down in the range of 5 per cent to 11 per cent on the BSE in intra-day trade today.Dwarikesh Sugar Industries, Uttam Sugar Mills, Balrampur Chini Mills and Triveni Engineering shed between 3 per cent and 4 per cent. These stocks were down up to 15 per cent in past two trading days. In comparison, the S&P BSE Sensex was trading higher by 0.32 per cent at 69,746.86 at 12:33 PM.The sector has underperformed in the past two days, as investors felt that ethanol realisations would get impacted as the major feedstock moved to produce more sugar.Meanwhile as per Indian Sugar Mills Association\u2019s (ISMA\u2019s) preliminary estimates for sugar year 2024 (SY2024), the gross sugar production is likely to remain at 33.7 million tonnes (mt), 8 per cent lower compared to 36.6 mt in SY2023.India\u2019s sugar inventory reduced to 5.5 mt at the end of SY2023 from the peak of 14.6 mt over SY2019, owing to an increasing diversion towards ethanol and healthy exports.Among individual stocks, Praj Industries, the top loser among pack, slipped 11 per cent to Rs 542.90 in intra-day trade today on back of over 6-fold jump in trading volumes. In past two days, the market price of the company was down 15 per cent on profit booking. It had hit a record hit a record high of Rs 650.30 on November 30 and zoomed 91 per cent since April.Praj Industries is engaged in the business of process and project engineering. The company caters to both domestic and international markets. Further, the company also provides design and engineering services.The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) blended in the aviation turbine fuel (ATF) was produced by Praj using sugary feedstock. Praj\u2019s Bio-Mobility platform comprises of Biofuels both in liquid as well as gaseous form. Biofuels are produced using bio-based feedstock such as sugary (C molasses, B molasses, sugar syrup etc.), starchy (damaged/ surplus grains) and cellulosic (agri residues and biomass).A change in domestic grain policy stopped the supply of rice for ethanol production which halted several prospective and existing grain-based projects, although revised prices for grain-based ethanol by oil marketing companies (OMCs) and reduction on GST for molasses have given certain comfort for Praj Industries.On the other hand, lower sugar production guidance by the ISMA may have a possible impact on sugar-based plants. Analysts at Axis Direct in September qurater result updat said it remain cautious about the impact of these developments.",
-        "output": "Sugar manufacturing stocks fell up to 15% due to the government's directive to prioritize sugar production over ethanol production, with Praj Industries being the top loser due to concerns about reduced ethanol realizations. The Indian Sugar Mills Association estimates a decline in sugar production to 33.7 million tonnes in 2024, leading to a reduction in sugar inventory.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The exponential growth of data across various medical domains has generated a substantial demand for techniques to analyze multimodal big data. This demand is particularly pronounced in fields such as computational pathology due to the diverse nature of the tissue. Cross-modal retrieval aims to identify a common latent space where different modalities, such as image-text pairs, exhibit close alignment. The primary challenge, however, often lies in the representation of tissue features. While language models can be trained relatively easily, visual models frequently struggle due to the scarcity of labeled data. To address this issue, the innovative concept of harmonization has been introduced, extending the learning scheme distillation without supervision, known as DINO. The harmonization of scale refines the DINO paradigm through a novel patching approach, overcoming the complexities posed by gigapixel whole slide images in digital pathology. Experiments conducted on diverse datasets have demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly enhances cross-modal retrieval in tissue imaging. Moreover, it exhibits vast potential for other fields that rely on gigapixel imaging.",
+        "output": "A self-supervised framework for cross-modal search in histopathology archives using scale harmonization.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This paper analyses the formation of high Sr2+ concentration in strong alkaline (pH=9.5-12.5) groundwater using data of the 27 years of observations around the destroyed Chernobyl NPP Unit 4. It appears that the formation of strong alkaline groundwater in different monitoring wells is consistent with the distribution of 90Sr, pH and main ions. The reason for the increase in 90Sr concentrations is the process of its migration from the sources of contamination - leaks of highly active water localized in certain premises inside the Shelterobject. These computational experiments showed that for the groundwater in pH range 9.5-12.4, the concentration of strontium in the form of SrOH+increases and in the form of Sr2+ - decreases. In addition, the fraction of 90Sr in the form of a soluble neutral complex compound SrCO30, which is not sorbed, reaches 14-35%. Increased fractions of 90Sr in forms of SrOH+ and SrCO3 are factors which reduce the isotope ability to be sorbed by soils and therefore increase its migration ability. In strongly alkaline groundwater a sharp increase in 90Sr volumetric activity may also be caused by ionic strength (IS) increase above 5mmol/L. Thus, the factors that influence the increase in 90Sr volumetric activity in strongly alkaline groundwater are the formation of its complex compounds and an increase in ionic strength (IS), which reduces the thickness of the double electric layer and, as a result, reduces the sorption capacity of soils.",
-        "output": "Factors influencing the increased 90Sr radioisotope migration in highly alkaline groundwater at Chornobyl NPP site.",
+        "input": "This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.",
+        "output": "Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The ongoing trends for January show a distinctive preference for individual stocks over passive investments, according to Bank of America\u2019s analysis of client flow trends. Last week saw clients as net buyers of US equities, with a continued emphasis on single stocks for the fifth consecutive week, while ETFs faced outflows for the second week. Retail inflows at the beginning of January were predominantly driven by private clients, in contrast to institutional clients and hedge funds, which maintained their status as net sellers for the eighth and third consecutive weeks, respectively.Record-breaking inflows were observed in Communication Services and Health Care, marking the largest influx in data history since 2008 for both sectors. Communication Services has consistently experienced inflows since October.Clients chose to sell seven of the 11 GICS sectors, notably Consumer Staples witnessing six weeks of outflows. Interestingly, Defensives garnered inflows for the third consecutive week, presenting a contrasting picture to client behavior, which involved selling cyclicals. Despite the blackout period, corporate buybacks accelerated, surpassing seasonal levels for a remarkable ninth consecutive week. This was reflected in buybacks accounting for 0.27% of the S&P 500 market cap, exceeding the 2023 highs of 0.25% at this point.",
-        "output": "In January, Bank of America clients favored individual stocks over passive investments, with record-breaking inflows into Communication Services and Health Care sectors, while institutional clients and hedge funds remained net sellers. Despite the blackout period, corporate buybacks accelerated, reaching 0.27% of the S&P 500 market cap.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health.RESULT: Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55% (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30% vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (beta: 0.76, p<0.01) and social (beta: 0.5, p<0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can see at least 3 trees from home meeting one (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p<0.05) or two (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p<0.01; OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p<0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30% vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n=511, beta: 0.46-0.51, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met.",
+        "output": "Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study assessed the staffing allocations and associated costs incurred by Ohio local health departments (LHDs) in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were extracted from the annual financial reports of Ohio LHDs for 2020 and 2021, encompassing a sample of 38 LHDs in 2020 and 60 LHDs in 2021. Descriptive analysis showed that Ohio LHDs committed substantial resources to responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there was considerable variability across LHDs, median staffing and compensation collectively constituted 22% of total staffing and compensation. Multivariate regression analysis found minimal associations between the examined agency and community-level variables and the differences in staffing allocations and associated costs incurred by LHDs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. After decades of underfunding and understaffing, securing sustainable funding will be crucial to equip LHDs across the country with the necessary resources to deliver comprehensive public health services in their communities.",
-        "output": "Estimating the Cost of the COVID-19 Response for Local Health Departments: Evidence From Ohio.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is widely used in international comparisons as an indicator of health system performance. Because of the high risk of early death after AMI, international comparisons may be biased by differences in the recording of early death cases in hospital inpatient data. This study examined whether differences in the recording of early deaths affect international comparisons of AMI in-hospital mortality by using the example of Germany and the United States, and explored approaches to address this issue.METHODS: The German Diagnosis-Related Groups Statistics (DRG Statistics), the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the U.S. Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) were analysed from 2014 to 2019. Cases with treatment for AMI were identified in German and U.S. inpatient data. AMI deaths occurring in the emergency department (ED) without inpatient admission were extracted from NEDS data. 30-day in-hospital mortality figures were calculated according to the OECD indicator definition (unlinked data) and modified by including ED deaths, or excluding all same-day cases.RESULTS: German age-and-sex standardized 30-day in-hospital mortality was substantially higher compared to the U.S. (in 2019, 7.3% vs. 4.6%). The ratio of German vs. U.S. mortality was 1.6. After inclusion of ED deaths in U.S. data this ratio declined to 1.4. Exclusion of same-day cases in German and U.S. data led to a similar ratio.CONCLUSIONS: While short-duration treatments due to early death are generally recorded in German inpatient data, in U.S. inpatient data those cases are partially missing. Excluding cases with short-duration treatment from the calculation of mortality indicators could be a feasible approach to account for differences in the recording of early deaths, that might be existent in other countries as well.",
+        "output": "Impact of early death recording on international comparison of acute myocardial infarction mortality - administrative hospital data study using the example of Germany and the United States.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ABSTRACT: Walt Whitman is commonly known as a noted American poet of the 19th century, but he also had experience providing nursing care during the American Civil War. He wrote about his experiences and was an early proponent of holistic nursing care. This article reviews the life of Walt Whitman and his legacy related to nursing.",
-        "output": "Walt Whitman and the Art of Nursing.",
+        "input": "According to the Humean theory of motivation, desire is identified as the primary source of motivation, while cognitive states like beliefs are recognized as necessary but not sufficient conditions. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the established teleological argument supporting the Humean theory of motivation. The analysis finds that recent anti-Humean strategies cannot conclusively challenge the core premises of this argument. While this result may initially imply a strong and convincing defense of the Humean theory against opponents' criticisms, it will be shown that the argument can withstand objections only through the adoption of an assumption that renders it unfalsifiable.",
+        "output": "The Humean theory of motivation: much ado about nothing?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Global markets experienced downturns as US Treasury yields crossed the four percent threshold, influencing investor sentiment worldwide. In response to this significant move in US yields, Asian markets saw a decline, with the exception of Japan's Nikkei, which edged up slightly. Market participants are also closely monitoring the situation for upcoming economic data from China.The anticipation of Chinese economic updates and the rise in US Treasury yields contributed to the GIFT Nifty's decline in the morning session. Despite the broader market downturn, some companies reported positive financial results. HDFC Bank (NS:HDBK) announced a substantial net profit of Rs 16,373 crore. Similarly, ICICI Lombard General Insurance reported growth in its profit, signaling resilience amidst market volatility.In corporate developments,  Bharat Petroleum  (NS:BPCL) Corporation's subsidiary, BISPL, is gearing up for Tender Offers for its senior notes. Expanding its real estate portfolio,  Godrej Properties  (NS:GODR) has recently acquired a new tract of land in Bengaluru earmarked for development. Infrastructure company G R Infraprojects has secured a new project from the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), further cementing its position in the sector.Meanwhile,  TV18 Broadcast  (NS:TVEB) disclosed losses, underlining the challenges some companies are facing in the current economic climate. On the banking front, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved the appointment of Praveen Achuthan Kutty as the new Managing Director & CEO of DCB Bank (NS:DCBA), effective from late April 2024.In the aviation industry, GMR Airports stood out with a report of passenger traffic growth, demonstrating resilience in the face of broader market pressures. PNC Infratech (NS:PNCI) also had a positive announcement, having been awarded road contracts from the Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, indicating continued expansion in infrastructure development.Lastly, TechIndia Nirman and Star Housing Finance (BO:STAO) shared their quarterly financial results, contributing to the mix of corporate financial disclosures that investors are weighing amidst the current economic conditions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Global markets declined as US Treasury yields crossed 4%, with Asian markets falling except for Japan's Nikkei. HDFC Bank and ICICI Lombard reported strong financial results, while TV18 Broadcast disclosed losses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The ability to answer complex scientific questions depends on the experimental methods available. New methods often allow scientists to answer questions that were previously intractable, leading to discoveries that often dramatically change a field. Beginning with Max Delbruck's famous summer phage course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1945, the Phage, Bacterial Genetics, and Advanced Bacterial Genetics courses have provided hands-on experiences to generations of scientists that facilitated the broad adoption of new experimental methods into laboratories around the world. These methods have led to discoveries that changed the way we think about genetics, bacteria, and viruses, transforming our understanding of biology. The impact of these courses has been further amplified by published laboratory manuals that provide detailed protocols for the evolving experimental toolkit. These courses catalyzed intensive and critical discourse about ideas that were previously intractable and provided novel experimental approaches to answer new questions-a process that epitomizes Thomas Kuhn's concepts of Scientific Revolution, spinning off the new field of Molecular Biology and dramatically changing the field of microbiology.",
+        "output": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Courses in Phage and Bacterial Genetics: A Catalyst for Innovation in Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Microbiology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "PITTSBURGH - PPG Industries Inc. (NYSE:PPG), a major player in the global paints, coatings, and specialty materials industry, has initiated a strategic review of its silica products business. The company has enlisted   Morgan Stanley   & Co (NYSE:MS). LLC as its financial advisor to explore various strategic alternatives aimed at enhancing shareholder value and ensuring the business's ongoing success.The silica products division, a part of PPG\u2019s specialty coatings and materials unit, is known for producing precipitated silica that serves as performance-enhancing additives for a range of manufacturers worldwide. This segment contributed to 1-2% of PPG's total net sales in 2023.PPG's Chairman and CEO, Tim Knavish, commented on the review, highlighting the silica business's strong market position, innovative capabilities, and the dedication of its workforce. He noted the distinct nature of the business's product portfolio, customer base, and operational characteristics, suggesting that it may find better opportunities as part of another company or as an independent entity. Knavish reaffirmed the company's commitment to supporting the business and its customers during this strategic review process.The review is expected to be concluded by mid-2024, but PPG has stated there is no certainty that this will result in a sale or any specific outcome. The company has also indicated that it will not provide regular updates on the review unless it considers further disclosure necessary or mandatory.Approximately 350 employees lead the silica products business, with manufacturing facilities in Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Delfzijl, The Netherlands. The business also includes a small batch processing operation in Barberton, Ohio, and a facility in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, which houses a laboratory, pilot plant, and administrative offices.PPG has a long history with silicas, dating back to the 1930s, and has developed a broad portfolio of trusted precipitated silica products, including the PPG HI-SIL\u00ae and PPG AGILON\u00ae lines. These products find applications across diverse industries, including tires, industrial rubber, battery separators, and additives for paints and coatings.This article is based on a press release statement from PPG.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "PPG Industries, a global paints and coatings company, has initiated a strategic review of its silica products business, which contributed 1-2% to its 2023 net sales, to explore strategic alternatives for enhancing shareholder value and ensuring the business's ongoing success.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Myriad palpable benefits are associated with building information modeling (BIM) usage in the construction industry, but its full integration has been impeded by the necessary culture change required to release its inherent latent potential. Therefore, fully comprehending and investigating cultural manifestations of BIM-enabled construction organizations is critical to drive such change. Yet curiously, research in this field is scant due to the phenomenon's inherent complexity and subjective nature. Therefore, this study identifies and delineates underlying beliefs that are evident in BIM practices within a contractor construction organization by leveraging Schein's three-layered organizational culture model as the theoretical framework to analyze and interpret the primary and secondary data sourced from a case study research design. A large-scale BIM-enabled contractor organization represented the case, and the organizational BIM environment constituted the unit of analysis. Data were collected through eight in-depth semistructured interviews, direct observations, and documentation. Underlying beliefs are identified, suggesting that the company uses a combination of autocratic and participative decision-making methods, prioritizing teamwork, cooperation, and groupism over individualistic and competitive orientations. Emergent findings also reveal that employees believe in the inherent goodness of human nature and the latent capacity of individuals to govern themselves, fostering trust and autonomy within the organization. Professional behavior and conduct take a pragmatic, risk-taking, and trial-and-error approach to derive truth and reality. The organization believes in dominating the external environment rather than being submissive and considers a balance between present and future the most appropriate unit of time. Accordingly, the study enables managers to understand the shared beliefs of the employees concerning BIM and make decisions accordingly to promote and augment a harmonious alignment between cultural aspects and BIM practices.",
+        "output": "Diagnosing Organizational BIM Culture: A Qualitative Case Study Using Schein's Model",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BURLINGTON, N.C. - Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (NYSE: NYSE:LH), commonly known as Labcorp, has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.72 per share on its common stock. The dividend is scheduled to be paid on March 13, 2024, to shareholders who are on the record by the close of business on February 27, 2024.Labcorp is recognized as a prominent player in the life sciences industry, providing a range of laboratory services that support physicians, hospitals, pharmaceutical entities, researchers, and patients. The company's services are designed to deliver clear insights and foster advancements in science for the enhancement of health and lives. Labcorp's operations encompass diagnostics and drug development laboratory services that contribute to the healthcare landscape.The company is noted for its significant role in the healthcare industry, with a workforce exceeding 60,000 employees and a service reach spanning over 100 countries. According to the company's statement, Labcorp was involved in the development of over 80% of the new drugs approved by the FDA in 2022 and conducted more than 600 million tests for patients globally.Labcorp's announcement is based on a press release statement and is intended to inform shareholders and the broader financial community of the upcoming dividend payment. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Labcorp, a leading life sciences company, has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.72 per share, payable on March 13, 2024, to shareholders of record as of February 27, 2024. The company, with over 60,000 employees and a global reach, played a significant role in the development of over 80% of new FDA-approved drugs in 2022 and conducted over 600 million patient tests worldwide.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "IMPORTANCE: Disruption in school and the workplace are health concerns for transgender people.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate transgender individuals' thoughts and comfort with how others perceive their gender identity (social affirmation) and its association with outness in the workplace and mistreatment at work or school.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.PARTICIPANTS: Survey respondents older than age 18 yr from the Study of Transition, Outcomes & Gender cohort (N = 696; n = 350 assigned male at birth, n = 346 assigned female at birth [AFAB]).OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Ever out to employer and treated unfairly at work or school or fired from job. Predictors were high social affirmation and comfort with how others perceive own gender identity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analyses.RESULTS: Individuals reporting high social affirmation were less likely to experience mistreatment at work or school than those with low social affirmation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.38, 0.86]). Individuals AFAB who felt comfortable with how others perceived their gender identity were less likely to be out to their employers than individuals AFAB who did not (OR = 0.45; 95% CI [0.20, 0.97]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Individuals with high social affirmation were less likely to experience work or school mistreatment, and feeling comfortable with how others perceive their gender identity did not signify the need to be out. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapy practitioners can play a pivotal role when working with transgender individuals by assisting in creating new routines for self-presentation at work or school, navigating social environments, and providing guidance in self-advocacy skills. Individuals assigned male at birth may be in greater need because they report lower levels of social affirmation and acceptance at school and work than individuals assigned female at birth.",
+        "output": "Challenging Norms: The Impact of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Realities on Work and School Participation.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Recent work finds that nonviolent resistance by ethnic minorities is perceived as more violent and requiring more policing than identical resistance by ethnic majorities, reducing its impact and effectiveness. We ask whether allies-advantaged group participants in disadvantaged group movements-can mitigate these barriers. On the one hand, allies can counter negative stereotypes and defuse threat perceptions among advantaged group members, while raising expectations of success and lowering expected risks among disadvantaged group members. On the other hand, allies can entail significant costs, carrying risks of cooptation, replication of power hierarchies, and marginalization of core constituencies. To shed light on this question we draw on the case of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which, in 2020, attracted unprecedented White participation. Employing a national survey experiment, we find that sizeable White presence at racial justice protests increases protest approval, reduces perceptions of violence, and raises the likelihood of participation among White audiences, while not causing significant backlash among Black audiences. Black respondents mostly see White presence as useful for advancing the movement's goals, and predominant White presence reduces expectations that protests will be forcefully repressed. We complement these results with analysis of tens of thousands of images shared on social media during the 2020 BLM protests, finding a significant association between the presence of Whites in the images and user engagement and amplification. The findings suggest that allyship can be a powerful tool for promoting sociopolitical change amid deep structural inequality.",
-        "output": "The politics of allyship: Multiethnic coalitions and mass attitudes toward protest.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest is 1 of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 340000 out-of-hospital and 292000 in-hospital cardiac arrest events per year in the United States. Survival rates are lower in certain racial and socioeconomic groups.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a county-level cross-sectional longitudinal study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death data set between 2016 and 2020 among individuals of all ages whose death was attributed to cardiac arrest. The Social Vulnerability Index is a composite measure that includes socioeconomic vulnerability, household composition, disability, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups status and language, and housing and transportation domains. We examined the impact of social determinants on cardiac arrest mortality stratified by age, race, ethnicity, and sex in the United States. All age-adjusted mortality rate (cardiac arrest AAMRs) are reported as per 100000. Overall cardiac arrest AAMR during the study period was 95.6. The cardiac arrest AAMR was higher for men compared with women (119.6 versus 89.9) and for the Black population compared with the White population (150.4 versus 92.3). The cardiac arrest AAMR increased from 64.8 in counties in quintile 1 of Social Vulnerability Index to 141 in quintile 5, with an average increase of 13% (95% CI, 9.8%-16.9%) in AAMR per quintile increase.CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from cardiac arrest varies widely, with a >2-fold difference between the counties with the highest and lowest social vulnerability, highlighting the differential burden of cardiac arrest deaths throughout the United States based on social determinants of health.",
+        "output": "Impact of Social Vulnerability on Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the United States, 2016 to 2020.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A win for Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s party in key state elections is likely to boost India\u2019s appeal for foreign investors and result in more inflows into local equities, according to market participants.Portfolio managers say the results will ensure policy continuity and lift prospects for the stock market as international investors become more confident in their India allocations ahead of national elections.Jefferies Financial Group Inc. sees cyclical stocks benefiting the most from the outcome of the polls while Nuvama Wealth Management says it has become more confident in the government\u2019s capital expenditure.India\u2019s benchmark NSE Nifty 50 Index closed at a record high on Friday while the futures climbed as much as 1.6% early on Monday.\u201cGoing into this set of state elections, there were some concerns among foreign investors that the BJP would suffer something of a setback, however, that has proven not to be the case.\u201dThere will be even greater confidence that \u201cModi will carry the day in the next national elections and that the current market friendly policies of the government will be maintained and built upon.\u201d\u201cWe see the Sensex pushing to new highs\u201d due to factors such as \u201cgood political backdrop, hopes for lower global interest rates.\u201d\u201cWhat it does do is give investors increased confidence and duration to the India trade and will likely see continued capital inflows to India.\u201dModi\u2019s party winning three crucial state elections, exceeding exit polls\u2019 predictions, may boost investor sentiment for domestic cyclical stocks including banks, industrial and power.It also \u201creinforces the consensus expectations of a Modi win 2024 national elections with a greater likelihood of 300+ seats for the BJP.\u201d\u201cThe results show that India\u2019s hinterland is asking for convincing policies for growth and the market will attract a lot of money in the coming months.\u201dGlobal investors will now become even \u201cmore comfortable with India allocation ahead of elections.\u201d\u201cA stable political environment could further boost investors\u2019 confidence and drive the markets higher, with the possibility of benchmark Nifty attaining 20500-20800 levels going ahead appears bright.\u201d\u201cThis lessens the risk of a populist turn and bodes well for continued government capex. Markets are likely to cheer the electoral outcome for now as it abates political risk.\u201d",
-        "output": "Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party's victory in key state elections is expected to boost India's appeal to foreign investors, leading to increased inflows into local equities and a positive outlook for the stock market. The results provide policy continuity and enhance confidence in the government's capital expenditure, making cyclical stocks particularly attractive.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.",
+        "output": "A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "\u201cA private company, which as on the last day of a financial year, ending on or after March 31, 2023, is not a small company as per audited financial statements for such financial year, shall, within 18 months of closure of such financial year, comply with the provisions of this rule,\u201d it reads.If a company ceases to be \u2018small\u2019, it will have to dematerialise its shares within 18 months from the close of the financial year.\u201cThe MCA\u2019s move to facilitate the dematerialisation of shares for specific categories of private companies is a significant step towards ensuring the integrity of financial markets. Besides enhancing the ease of doing business in India, this will decrease fraudulent activities in dealings with physical shares,\u201d said Makarand M Joshi, founder of MMJC & Associates, a corporate compliance firm.Currently, listed companies, which are regulated by both the MCA and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), are required to dematerialise their equity shares. While there is no bar on an investor holding shares in physical form, for any transfer of shares they are required to be converted from physical form to electronic. Similarly, \u2018unlisted public companies\u2019 are also required to demat their shares for undertaking any corporate action such as buyback, or issue of bonus or rights shares.Industry experts say \u2018unlisted private companies\u2019 constitute the largest number of registered companies.As of January, about 1.4 million companies registered with the MCA, or 95 per cent of active registered companies, were private companies. Of these, only 50,000 are estimated to be \u2018small companies\u2019.\u201cWith the mandatory dematerialisation for private companies coming into existence, a large number of firms will be forced to move towards dematerialisation of shares. Further, barely any security holder (particularly shareholders) will remain outside the purview of the same,\u201d wrote Vinod Kothari Consultants in a note.Industry players say having shares of most Indian companies in electronic format will yield a number of benefits for the regulators, companies as well as the investors.\u00a0 For investors, the dematerialisation of shares will minimise the risk of loss, theft, and fraud and will lead to instant transfer and crediting of new shares.While it will reduce the companies\u2019 expense of printing and distribution of physical certificates, it will help regulators curb mal-practices, such as benami transactions, money laundering, and other illicit activities. It will also make tax collections more efficient and help in formalisation of the economy.The move to demat private company shares is seen boosting the business prospects of the country\u2019s two depositories \u2014 Central Depository Services (CDSL) and National Securities Depository (NSDL). Shares of CDSL, which are exclusively listed on the National Stock Exchange, are seen gaining on Monday. NSDL has filed its prospectus with market regulator Sebi for an IPO, which is expected to hit the market before the end of the current calendar year.",
-        "output": "Private companies that are not small as per audited financial statements for the financial year ending on or after March 31, 2023, must dematerialize their shares within 18 months of the financial year's closure, as per a new MCA rule. This move aims to enhance the integrity of financial markets, reduce fraudulent activities, and facilitate ease of doing business in India.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeFace is the most intuitive and representative feature at the individual level. Many studies show that beautiful faces help individuals and enterprises obtain economic benefits and form a high economic premium, but the discussion of their potential social value is insufficient. This study aims to focus on the impact of the personal characteristics of executives. It mainly analyzes the impact mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on corporate social responsibility (CSR) decision-making, clarifying the social value of beauty from the perspective of CSR.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the regression model to analyze the panel data set, which was conducted by a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2016 to 2018.FindingsThe study found that CEOs with high facial attractiveness are more active in fulfilling CSR, which can usually bring higher social benefits. CEOs with beautiful faces are prone to overconfidence, are optimistic about their ability and the future development of the enterprise and are more willing to increase their investment in CSR. CEO duality can positively regulate the positive correlation between a CEO's facial attractiveness and CSR.Originality/valueBased on the perspective of upper echelons theory, this paper explores the mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on CSR. This study enriches the perspective of the upper echelon's theoretical research and has essential enlightenment for CEO selection and training practice.",
+        "output": "Beauty premium: the impact of CEO facial attractiveness on corporate social responsibility",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In recent times, the advent of AI-based optical character recognition (OCR) has garnered significant attention in the realm of digital text conversion. However, it is imperative to note that OCR solely identifies individual characters or words, and lacks the ability to reunite them into cohesive units such as words or sentences. Consequently, the manual sorting of them to establish the appropriate reading order has emerged as a bottleneck. In this paper, we present an algorithm termed adjacent character detection (ACD), designed to serve as a post-processing of OCR, facilitating automatic digital text conversion. The algorithm involves line segmentation through a quad-ACD scan (up-down-down-up), allowing it to consecutively discern characters within a column based on their adjacency relations. Conventional projection profile analyses have struggled to effectively partition the distinct internal structure of Chinese historical text, where two annotation columns often subdivide from a single body column. In contrast, our ACD algorithm employs an approach, reuniting adjacent characters rather than fragmenting the entire text into isolated entities. Additionally, ACD algorithm enabled body/annotation classification for OCR-detected characters based on the pattern analysis of its quad scan. This cumulative information empowers the conversion of digital text in a desired reading order. To assess the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a set of ground-truth OCR result was subjected to rigorous testing, culminating in a reading order accuracy of 98.6%. Noteworthy robustness was also demonstrated in the face of misaligned columns, experimentally induced by applying tilt, warp, and wavy noises to the original digital images. Lastly, the algorithm was integrated with two pre-developed OCR models, resulting in a reading order accuracy of 97.7%. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "An algorithm of line segmentation and reading order sorting based on adjacent character detection: A post-processing of OCR for digitization of Chinese historical texts",
+        "input": "According to the extended cognition thesis, an agent's cognitive system can sometimes include extracerebral components amongst its physical constituents. Here, we show that such a view of cognition has an unjustifiably anthropocentric focus, for it tends to depict cognitive extensions as a human-only affair. In contrast, we will argue that if human cognition extends, then the cognition of many non-human animals extends too, for many non-human animals rely on the same cognition-extending strategies humans rely on. To substantiate this claim, we will proceed as follows. First (Sect. 1), we will introduce the extended cognition thesis, exposing its anthropocentric bias. Then, we will show that humans and many non-human animals rely on the same cognition-extending strategies. To do so, we will discuss a variety of case studies, including intrabodily cognitive extensions such as the spinal cord (Sect. 2), the widespread reliance on epistemic actions to solve cognitive tasks (Sect. 3) and cases of animal cognitive offloading (Sect. 4). We'll then allay some worries our claim might raise (Sect. 5) to then conclude the paper (Sect. 6).",
+        "output": "Extended animal cognition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK -   JP Morgan Chase   (NYSE:JPM) & Co. has revealed its financial performance for the fourth quarter, presenting a mixed picture of growth and decline. The bank's asset and wealth management division enjoyed a 7% increase in net income, reaching $1.217 billion, alongside an 11% rise in net revenue to $5.095 billion. This segment's growth is noted to be organic, at a modest 2%, when excluding contributions from the recent   First Republic Bank   (OTC:FRCB) acquisition.In contrast to the asset management division's success, JP Morgan Chase's overall net income for the quarter experienced a 15% decrease, settling at $9.307 billion. However, it wasn't all downward trends for the banking giant as total revenue saw a 12% escalation to $38.574 billion. This increase in revenue was bolstered by a strong investment banking pipeline, which brought in higher fees from equity and debt underwriting activities.Despite the dip in net income, the bank's financial health appears resilient with its Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio holding steady at 15%. This key measure of a bank's financial strength indicates that JP Morgan maintains a stable position. Nevertheless, the bank did see a decline in return on equity, which now stands at 12%.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "JP Morgan Chase's asset and wealth management division saw a 7% increase in net income to $1.217 billion, while overall net income decreased by 15% to $9.307 billion despite a 12% increase in total revenue to $38.574 billion, driven by strong investment banking performance.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The potential scale of industrial outputs in the ancient world is often underestimated in current archaeological studies due to the lack of surviving artifacts for validation of the production scale. However, production traces left on extant artifacts can help us reconstruct production methods, and thus reveal the potential scale of production outputs of certain industries, even although there may not be a sufficient number of existing artifacts to demonstrate such volumes. The bronze bell casting industry operating in around 500 BCE in Xinzheng in Henan province, China, can be used as an example to demonstrate the then use by bell casters of the pattern-block method to efficiently create multiple bells sharing identical components. With their strong focus on efficiency, production speed, and low production costs, these casters intelligently designed assembly lines and assembled identical components replicated from models to prepare molds for casting. Knowledge of their production methods and currently preserved bells can provide evidence that the bell casting industry produced industrial outputs on a massive scale that was rare in the ancient world. This article also shows how innovative methods such as 3D model superimposition can be used to validate these hypotheses.",
+        "output": "Potential scale of industrial outputs of the bronze bell casting industry in 500 BCE China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Jasbir K. Puar and Dima Srouji build upon their respective work in architecture, visual art and decolonial theory to produce a collaborative examination of colonial pathologies for Sharjah Art Biennial 15, 2023. Srouji's architecture and art practice encompass a variety of mediums that allow her to explore notions of heritage and public space in Palestine and the region. Puar is a writer and scholar whose current work focuses on settler colonial violence, disability and debility in Palestine. Their collaborative installations integrate understandings of space and planning with the contemporary politics of resistance in the context of Palestine and the surrounding region.At Sharjah Art Biennial 15, Puar and Srouji present 'Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)' (2023), a series of household items that respond to the material conditions of lockdown, interweaving the artists' experiences of COVID-19 quarantine in Palestine and their memories of the Second Intifada (2000-2005), a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. The project reframes everyday objects emblematic of the trauma of enclosure for Palestinians as transformative matter and reservoirs of affective practices of resilience, community and caregiving: hoarded cans of tuna form the constituent parts of a radiator signifying warmth; resin apricots evoke the exchange of sustenance among neighbours; shrapnel becomes decorative wallpaper motifs; a stairwell used as shelter from air raids transforms into a communal reading space. Exploring the collective rhythms and materialities of these conditions, Srouji and Puar conjure the everyday making and remaking of the commons through and against the constraints of siege and containment.The conversation published here took place between March and September 2023, and thus predates the latest phase in the catastrophic violence that has historically defined Israel's relationship to Palestine and the Palestinians. Triggered by an unprecedented and shocking attack by Hamas on 7 October, Israel's genocidal military campaign in Gaza is not an anomaly, but in line with and part and parcel of the systematic ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians and the Apartheid system that the settler colonial state of Israel has relied on for its sustenance since 1948. The questions asked here by Maasri and Toukan, as well as the artworks discussed by Jasbir and Srouji, probe aspects of this very condition that has brought us to the unabashed genocidal violence we are now all witness to today.",
-        "output": "Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)",
+        "input": "The performance of solar desalination systems based on a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) approach is significantly enhanced by preheating the air entering the evaporator. To estimate this potential benefit, we present an analysis of integrating a novel solar air heater (SAH) with an HDH system. The combination of both units leads to intriguing applications, such as incorporating these systems into buildings. A model of the solar thermal system is developed, and its predictions are validated with experimental data. The SAH model is combined with a previously validated model of an HDH. This allows us to estimate the performance of a combined SAH/HDH system under different environmental conditions and to evaluate the annual water treatment capacity at various sites around the world. Simulations suggest that a system with a 3.5 m2 solar collector in arid regions (Middle -East, north of Africa, south-west of the USA, East of South America), has the potential to treat 30 tons of water and reduce the CO2 emission by 150 kg annually.",
+        "output": "Design of a solar air heater for a direct-contact packed-bed humidification-dehumidification desalination system",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Global funds, according to Christopher Wood, global head of equity strategy at Jefferies, are now beginning to pay more attention to India with the market now offering 30 companies with a market capitalisation over $25 billion.As a result, Wood said, many global funds are now applying for registration as Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) to invest directly in India, which, he believes, is not always as straightforward an exercise as it could be.Meanwhile, any correction in the Indian stock markets should be used to buy property, banks and industrial stocks, he advised in his latest weekly note to investors,",
-        "output": "Global funds are increasingly investing in India due to its 30 companies with market capitalizations over $25 billion, prompting many funds to register as FPIs. Christopher Wood recommends buying property, banks, and industrial stocks during market corrections.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The green use of urban land has become a key for the sustainable transformation of resource-based cities. This paper selects 116 Chinese resource-based cities to construct an evaluation system for urban green land use and measure its efficiency. Secondly, it identifies driving factors affecting urban green land use efficiency (UGLUE) and comprehensively analyze the heterogeneity of these factors. The important findings of this paper include: (1) The UGLUE of resource-based cities in China has experienced a trend of first fluctuating and then improving. However, there are obvious regional differences. The UGLUE in the eastern and western regions are higher than those in the central and northeastern regions. (2) Industrial upgrading, financial development and technological innovation are key factors affecting UGLUE in resource-based cities. (3) There is significant heterogeneity in the impact of different factors in different city types, different regions and different time periods. The land use in resource-based cities should transform from blind expansion in pursuit of short -term economic benefits to a green development that pursues the coordination of economic, social, and ecological benefits based on the local conditions.",
+        "output": "Urban green land use efficiency of resource-based cities in China: Multidimensional measurements, spatial-temporal changes, and driving factors",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LONDON -  Barclays  (LON:BARC) Research, in collaboration with   IBM   (NYSE:IBM)'s Institute for Business Value, has released an Impact Series report titled \"AI revolution: productivity boom and beyond.\" The study delves into the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) as a catalyst for productivity increases across various industries and the economy at large.The report suggests that AI could be the key to addressing the current productivity stagnation in advanced economies, which has persisted despite the growth of the digital economy. According to Christian Keller, Head of Economics Research at Barclays, AI's potential to enhance productivity could counterbalance the effects of a shrinking skilled labor force in these economies and support economic growth in aging societies.Ana Paula Assis, Chair and General Manager of IBM EMEA, highlighted the transformative nature of AI, which is now seen as a versatile technology capable of reinventing workflows and processes in numerous fields. She emphasized that AI could significantly benefit both tech-savvy professionals and those with lower or no technological skills.The report underscores the differing impacts of an AI-driven productivity surge on developed and emerging economies. While it could help developed nations counteract the declining productivity associated with aging populations, emerging economies, with their growing working-age populations but often lower skills and education levels, could see AI as a means to enhance worker productivity and create better-paying jobs.However, the realization of AI's full benefits and their equitable distribution will heavily depend on the policies implemented by companies, industries, and regulators.Barclays' Impact Series leverages data to analyze changes affecting markets, sectors, and society. This latest report is part of the bank's ongoing efforts to provide insights into economic and technological disruptions.Barclays, a British universal bank, operates across consumer banking, payments, corporate and investment banking. The IBM Institute for Business Value serves as IBM's think tank, offering technology-informed strategic insights to business leaders.This article is based on a press release statement. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Barclays and IBM's study suggests that AI could boost productivity in advanced economies, counteracting the effects of a shrinking skilled labor force and supporting economic growth in aging societies. AI could also enhance worker productivity and create better-paying jobs in emerging economies with growing working-age populations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Thibaut Brunet is a group leader at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where he works on choanoflagellates (known as 'choanos' for short). These unicellular organisms are close relatives of animals that have the potential to form multicellular assemblies under certain conditions, and Thibaut's lab are leveraging them to gain insights into how animal morphogenesis evolved. We met with Thibaut over Zoom to discuss his career path so far, and learnt how an early interest in dinosaurs contributed to his life-long fascination with evolutionary biology.",
+        "output": "Transitions in development - an interview with Thibaut Brunet.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The dollar was in the ascendant on Monday on the prospects that U.S. interest rates would stay higher for longer, while the yen slid towards 150 per dollar and near a one-year low, putting traders on watch for intervention from Japanese authorities.The yen eased to 149.83 per dollar, its weakest in more than 11 months, moving ever closer to the 150 mark that some traders believe could prompt intervention by Tokyo to support the currency.\"For the yen to sustainably turn, the Bank of Japan needs to move away from its very loose monetary policy,\" said Dane Cekov, senior FX strategist at Nordea.\"If the yen breaks 150 per dollar, which I think is likely, and verbal intervention is not followed by action then we could see dollar-yen at 155.\"A summary of opinions at the Bank of Japan's September meeting, out on Monday, showed policymakers discussed various factors that must be taken into account when exiting ultra-loose policy, while Finance Minister Shunichi Suzuki said they were closely watching FX moves with a \"strong sense of urgency\".In the broader currency market, sterling was last 0.4% lower at $1.2158, having slid nearly 4% against the dollar in the third quarter.The euro was down 0.4% at $1.0535, after ending the previous quarter with a 3% fall, its worst performance in a year, as the relative divergence of the U.S. and European economies plays out in the currency market.Manufacturing activity in the euro area and Britain remained in a deep downturn in September, final data showed on Monday.The U.S. dollar index edged back towards its recent 10-month high of 106.84 and was last at 106.51, after clocking its best quarterly performance in a year thanks to persistently hawkish Federal Reserve rhetoric and a surge in U.S. treasury yields.The U.S. 10-year yield was up another 6 basis points on Monday at 4.6289%, close to a 17-year peak of 4.688% reached last week.\"I'd rather be in dollars at the moment than euros or pounds or others,\" said Jarrod Kerr, chief economist at Kiwibank. \"I think the dollar will find a bit more support.\"The U.S. Congress late on Saturday passed a stop-gap funding bill with overwhelming Democratic support in a bid to avoid the federal government's fourth partial shutdown in a decade, although analysts played down any long-term market impact.\"Historically, shutdowns are noise,\" Nordea's Cekov said. \"They don't really make a dent for markets or the economy.\"Elsewhere, the Australian dollar slid 0.6% to $0.6395, while the New Zealand dollar edged 0.4% lower to $0.5972, as traders looked ahead to rate decisions from their respective central banks this week.In cryptocurrencies, bitcoin was trading above $28,000 for the first time since August after a weekend rally took the cryptocurrency as high as $28,492, its highest level since Aug. 17.(Reporting by Samuel Indyk and Rae Wee; Editing by Shri Navaratnam, Simon Cameron-Moore, Emelia Sithole-Matarise and Alex Richardson)",
-        "output": "The dollar strengthened on Monday due to expectations of higher U.S. interest rates, while the yen weakened towards 150 per dollar, prompting concerns of intervention from Japanese authorities. The U.S. dollar index edged back towards its recent 10-month high of 106.84, supported by hawkish Federal Reserve rhetoric and a surge in U.S. treasury yields.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Formulating suitable policies is essential for resources and environmental management. In this study, an agricultural pollutants emission trading management model driven by water resources and pollutants control is developed to search reasonable policies for agricultural water resources allocation under multiple uncertainties. Random-fuzzy and interval information in water resources system that have directly impact on the effectiveness of management schemes is reflected through interval two-stage stochastic fuzzy-probability programming. The model was root from regional agricultural water resources system in Jining City, China under considering the relationship among effective precipitation, crop water demand, and pollutants emission. Two types policies (water consumption-control and pollutants emission-control) are designed for searching the related interaction on water resources management and water quality improvement. The results indicated that water resources policies would be of water and environmental double benefits, and a large rainfall would reduce irrigation amount from water sources and lead to a larger pollutants emission trading. The results will help for defining scientific and effective water resources protection and management policies and analyzing the related interacted effects on water consumption, pollutants control and system benefit.",
+        "output": "Different policies constrained agricultural non-point pollutants emission trading management for water system under interval, fuzzy, and stochastic information",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is widely used in international comparisons as an indicator of health system performance. Because of the high risk of early death after AMI, international comparisons may be biased by differences in the recording of early death cases in hospital inpatient data. This study examined whether differences in the recording of early deaths affect international comparisons of AMI in-hospital mortality by using the example of Germany and the United States, and explored approaches to address this issue.METHODS: The German Diagnosis-Related Groups Statistics (DRG Statistics), the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the U.S. Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) were analysed from 2014 to 2019. Cases with treatment for AMI were identified in German and U.S. inpatient data. AMI deaths occurring in the emergency department (ED) without inpatient admission were extracted from NEDS data. 30-day in-hospital mortality figures were calculated according to the OECD indicator definition (unlinked data) and modified by including ED deaths, or excluding all same-day cases.RESULTS: German age-and-sex standardized 30-day in-hospital mortality was substantially higher compared to the U.S. (in 2019, 7.3% vs. 4.6%). The ratio of German vs. U.S. mortality was 1.6. After inclusion of ED deaths in U.S. data this ratio declined to 1.4. Exclusion of same-day cases in German and U.S. data led to a similar ratio.CONCLUSIONS: While short-duration treatments due to early death are generally recorded in German inpatient data, in U.S. inpatient data those cases are partially missing. Excluding cases with short-duration treatment from the calculation of mortality indicators could be a feasible approach to account for differences in the recording of early deaths, that might be existent in other countries as well.",
-        "output": "Impact of early death recording on international comparison of acute myocardial infarction mortality - administrative hospital data study using the example of Germany and the United States.",
+        "input": "Between the sixth and fifteenth c. CE, a vast expanse of central and southern Sudan belonged to the kingdom of Alwa, ruled from the urban metropolis of Soba. Renewed investigation of the city unearthed a small cemetery in the northern part of the site. The heterogeneity of burial practices raised some questions as to the cultural and religious affinities of the deceased and suggested potential multiculturalism of the local urban population. We applied isotopic analyses to investigate the origins of the people buried at Cemetery OS and their concomitant ways of life. Non-concordance of 87Sr/86Sr and delta 18O values with local hydro-geological background speaks to the mixing of water sources as a result of residential mobility. The concordance of human and faunal strontium and oxygen results, combined with elevated delta 13C values corresponding to almost exclusive reliance on C4 produce, points to the possibility of seasonal movement of people with their herds between the Nile valley and the adjacent grasslands. Despite the turn of the medieval Nubian economy towards settled agriculture, by revealing the granular specificities of human adaptation in challenging ecosystems, our results produce the first insight into the enduring diversification of economic production, even in urbanized settings, and persisting participation of local peoples in agro-pastoral symbiosis.Entre le VIe et le XVe s. CE, une vaste etendue du centre et du sud du Soudan appartenait au royaume d'Alwa, gouverne depuis la metropole urbaine de Soba. Une nouvelle enquete sur la ville a mis au jour un petit cimetiere dans la partie nord du site. L'heterogeneite des pratiques funeraires a souleve certaines questions quant aux affinites culturelles et religieuses des defunts et a suggere un potentiel multiculturalisme de la population urbaine locale. Nous avons applique des analyses isotopiques pour etudier les origines des personnes enterrees au cimetiere OS et leurs modes de vie concomitants. La non-concordance des valeurs de 87Sr/86Sr et delta 18O avec le contexte hydrogeologique local temoigne d'un melange de sources d'eau resultant de la mobilite residentielle. La concordance des resultats humains et fauniques en strontium et en oxygene, combinee aux valeurs elevees de delta 13C correspondant a une dependance presque exclusive aux produits C4, indique la possibilite de mouvements saisonniers de personnes et de leurs troupeaux entre la vallee du Nil et les prairies adjacentes. Malgre le tournant de l'economie nubienne medievale vers une agriculture sedentaire, en revelant les specificites granulaires de l'adaptation humaine dans des ecosystemes difficiles, nos resultats donnent le premier apercu de la diversification durable de la production economique, meme dans les contextes urbanises, et de la participation persistante des populations locales a l'agriculture. symbiose agro-pastorale.",
+        "output": "Isotopic Evidence for Socio-economic Dynamics Within the Capital of the Kingdom of Alwa, Sudan",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "During the recent market sell-off, Bank of America clients exhibited a shift in their investment behavior, according to the bank\u2019s strategists. The week saw net selling of US equities by clients, marking the first time in three weeks, with outflows amounting to $2.1 billion, the largest since July. The selling pressure was observed in ETFs, while clients remained small net buyers of single stocks.Contrary to the typical \"January effect,\" all three client groups\u2014 institutions, hedge funds, and private clients\u2014were sellers. Hedge fund clients, in particular, experienced their seventh consecutive week of outflows. Institutions and private clients also joined the selling trend, with institutions being sellers for the second week and private clients for the third week.The technology sector led the outflows, experiencing the first outflow since November 2023 and the largest since July 2023. On the other hand, Communication Services saw significant inflows, marking the third-largest in BofA's data history since 2008 and continuing the trend since October.In terms of investment styles, defensive sectors saw inflows for the second consecutive week. Analysts at Bank of America are more positive on cyclicals, and their sector views have a cyclical tilt,\u201d according to a note.The ETF market witnessed the largest outflow since January 2023, with outflows across all styles (Growth/Value/Blend) and large caps/broad market. Small-cap ETFs experienced inflows, maintaining a positive trend since mid-September. Notably, most sector ETFs observed outflows, with Financial ETFs leading the way, while Consumer Discretionary ETFs saw significant inflows.",
-        "output": "Bank of America clients sold US equities for the first time in three weeks, with outflows of $2.1 billion, primarily in ETFs, due to selling pressure in the technology sector and a shift towards defensive sectors and Communication Services.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Dielectric elastomer tube actuators (DETAs) facilitate versatile soft robotic motions when activated by electric fields. However, optimizing their performance necessitates understanding complex deformation behaviors under different electrical loading patterns. While prior analytical models provide valuable insights, many rely on assumptions like infinite-length and uniform conditions, limiting their ability to capture experimentally-observed nonuniform deformations. This paper presents a semi-analytical approach permitting both radial and longitudinal electrostatic effects by modeling a dielectric tube of effectively infinite-length. It also incorporates the crucial compression-torsion behavior for soft actuator designs. We validate the model against finite element simulations, achieving excellent agreement. Our efficient technique successfully predicts intricate deformation phenomena in DETAs under combined electrical, mechanical, and geometric effects. Results show the model effectively captures axial and twisting deformations, overcoming limitations of linear twist angle assumptions. This analytical framework offers a powerful tool for optimizing next-generation soft actuators across diverse cutting-edge engineering and robotic applications.",
+        "output": "Semi-analytical modeling of electro-strictive behavior in dielectric elastomer tube actuators",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A collection of bronze chariot-horses was discovered in the Yang'an Han tomb in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province. These bronzes was used as burial objects, symbolizing the high status of the tomb owner during his lifetime. To analyze the samples taken from the bronze chariot-horses, various scientific techniques were employed, including metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscope energy dispersive (SEM-EDS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) were used to analyze samples from the bronze chariot-horses. Unlike most Han bronzes made of leaded tin-bronze, the bronze chariot-horses were crafted using copper and tin, and their metallographic structure revealed that they were cast. The origin of the copper material used for the bronze chariot-horses differed noticeably from that of bronzes excavated in the Sichuan area from the late Warring States period and Western Han period. Historical documents and archaeological findings suggested that the owners of the bronze chariot-horses were possibly vassals. As the Sichuan region was governed by the central government of the Western Han Dynasty through the establishment of prefectures and counties rather than through the enfeoffment system, the presence of the bronze chariot-horses in Yang'an Han tomb may be related to the family of Liu Yue (\u5218). The analysis of the lead isotope data indicated that the copper material likely originated from the southeastern Hebei and western Shandong, providing strong evidence for the link between the bronze chariot-horses and the family of Liu yue in terms of resource circulation.",
-        "output": "The Provenance of Copper Materials for bronze chariot-horses Unearthed from Yang'an Han Tomb in Qionglai, Sichuan Province revealed by the lead isotope analysis and trace elements analysis",
+        "input": "ObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.There is beauty in Cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media, creating a union between a community of professionals who share creative personality traits and a unique sense of humour.image",
+        "output": "#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt's new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naive patients.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws.RESULTS: On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones.CONCLUSION: The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond.",
-        "output": "A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law.",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Health system financing for emerging economies with aging populations and changing epidemiological profiles is an increasing challenge. Peru, as one of the countries with the highest economic growth in this century, provides a good example for analyzing the impact of the budgeting process and the budget execution on the performance of a health system. This article aims to answer how policies and processes are the root causes of the performance gap of the Peruvian health system.METHODS: We used a case study methodology composed of 17 semistructured interviews with senior national and regional actors conducted between the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Participants were selected with a combination of purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling until reaching saturation at 14 interviews. Participants' answers were grouped according to the topics explored, enabling comparisons and identification of themes.RESULTS: The responses revealed that 4 interconnected influences affect the Peruvian health system. Political instability affects the sustainable development of health policies. The fiscal cycle limits the public health expenditure to a low 3% of the gross domestic product. The budget cycle is based on the low motivation of the Ministry of Health (MOH) to establish a proper budgeting process. The execution cycle represents the results of chronic underinvestment with a lack of professionals, equipment, and data affecting the access to care expressed by a high out-of-pocket share in health expenditure.CONCLUSION: To escape these cycles, the MOH needs to be able to argue in economic terms for the prioritization of health, showing the economic rationale for investment in health. Taxes need to finance the additional investment within the available fiscal space. The rigidity of the budget law needs to be adapted, and a technical budget that is oriented to the current and future health priorities needs to be elaborated.",
+        "output": "Budget Process and Execution: A Case Study on the Underperformance of the Peruvian Health System, 2000-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a stroke risk factor with known disparities in prevalence and management between Black and White patients. We sought to identify if racial differences in presenting blood pressure (BP) during acute ischemic stroke exist.METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults with acute ischemic stroke presenting to an emergency department within 24hours of last known normal during study epochs 2005, 2010, and 2015 within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study were included. Demographics, histories, arrival BP, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time from last known normal were collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine differences in mean BP between Black and White patients, adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, stroke, body mass index, and study epoch. Of 4048 patients, 853 Black and 3195 White patients were included. In adjusted analysis, Black patients had higher presenting systolic BP (161mmHg [95% CI, 159-164] versus 158mmHg [95% CI, 157-159], P<0.01), diastolic BP (86mmHg [95% CI, 85-88] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01), and mean arterial pressure (111mmHg [95% CI, 110-113] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) compared with White patients. In adjusted subanalysis of patients <4.5hours from last known normal, diastolic BP (88mmHg [95% CI, 86-90] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01) and mean arterial pressure (112mmHg [95% CI, 110-114] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) were also higher in Black patients.CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study suggests differences in presenting BP between Black and White patients during acute ischemic stroke. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences influence clinical decision-making, outcome, or clinical trial eligibility.",
-        "output": "Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure at Time of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presentation: APopulation Study.",
+        "input": "High incidences of congenital syphilis have been reported in areas along the Pacific coast of Colombia. In this retrospective study, conducted during 2018-2022 at a public hospital in Buenaventura, Colombia, we analyzed data from 3,378 pregnant women. The opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 53.1% of mothers because of the lack of syphilis screening. Characteristics of higher maternal social vulnerability and late access to prenatal care decreased the probability of having >1 syphilis screening test, thereby increasing the probability of having newborns with congenital syphilis. In addition, the opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 41.5% of patients with syphilis because of the lack of treatment, which also increased the probability of having newborns with congenital syphilis. We demonstrate the urgent need to improve screening and treatment capabilities for maternal syphilis, particularly among pregnant women who are more socially vulnerable.",
+        "output": "Congenital Syphilis Prevention Challenges, Pacific Coast of Colombia, 2018-2022.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Regeneron (NASDAQ:REGN) was lifted to Outperform from Sector Perform at RBC Capital on Friday, with analysts raising the price target for the stock to $1,076 from $884 per share. Analysts noted in a memo to clients that REGN has a \"prolific\" R&D engine. They also pointed to its Dupi success and good HD start. \"We have long been enthusiastic about Dupi's sales prospects and many of REGN's pipeline programs, but have remained on the sidelines due to concerns around Street over-optimism for the Eylea franchise,\" explained the analysts.\"However, things have changed, with a number of recent wins - strong Eylea HD data and initial market conversion, Dupi COPD trial successes, aflibercept biosimilar litigation victory, good pipeline progress - that should reduce pressure on NT Eylea commercial performance and provide increased visibility around medium/long-term growth,\" they added. The analysts acknowledged that REGN shares have appreciated, and some people may prefer to wait for a pullback before stepping in. Still, they believe that with the near-term overhangs removed and there being \"considerable room for additional fundamental upside,\" it is \"as good a time as any to own one of the most dynamic all-around stories in large-cap biotech.\"",
-        "output": "RBC Capital upgraded Regeneron (REGN) to Outperform, raising the price target to $1,076 due to its strong R&D engine, Dupi success, and positive HD start, despite concerns about Eylea franchise over-optimism.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in soils and threaten human health seriously. The immobilized microorganisms (IM) technique is an effective and environmentally sound approach for remediating PAH-contaminated soil. However, the knowledge of the remedial efficiency and the way IM operates using natural organic materials as carriers in complex soil environments is limited. In this study, we loaded a functional microbial consortium on corn straw to analyze the effect of IM on PAH concentration and explore the potential remediation mechanisms of IM in PAH-contaminated soil. The findings revealed that the removal rate of total PAHs in the soil was 88.25% with the application of IM after 20 days, which was 39.25% higher than the control treatment, suggesting that IM could more easily degrade PAHs in soil. The findings from high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that the addition of IM altered the bacterial community structure and key components of the bacterial network, enhanced cooperative relationships among bacteria, and increased the abundance of bacteria and functional gene copies such as nidA and nahAc in the soil, ultimately facilitating the degradation of PAHs in the soil. This study enhances our understanding of the potential applications of IM for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soil.",
+        "output": "Remediation potential of an immobilized microbial consortium with corn straw as a carrier in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - US Treasury yields saw a notable increase today as markets in Asia reopened after the Martin Luther King Day holiday. The surge in yields affected various maturities, with the two-year yield climbing to 4.21%, the five-year to 3.90%, and the ten-year to 4.00%. Market analysts attribute this uptick to a combination of factors, including stable Japanese wholesale inflation data and speculation about the Federal Reserve's future policy moves.Investors are closely monitoring the situation for further indications of where interest rates might be headed. All eyes are now on Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller's upcoming speech, which is expected to shed light on the economic outlook and potential rate adjustments.In Europe, the tone set by European Central Bank (ECB) officials has been decidedly hawkish. Robert Holzmann and others have made statements suggesting that expectations for early rate cuts in the Eurozone should be tempered, indicating a cautious approach towards monetary policy in the region.The currency markets have responded to these developments, with the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index increasing to 1,231.32. The index's rise reflects the broader market reaction to the shifting bond yields, as investors adjust their strategies in light of the latest economic indicators and central bank signals.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "US Treasury yields surged after Asian markets reopened, with the 2-year yield rising to 4.21%, 5-year to 3.90%, and 10-year to 4.00%, influenced by Japanese inflation data and speculation about the Federal Reserve's policy moves. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index increased to 1,231.32, reflecting the market's response to shifting bond yields and central bank signals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Attentional reorienting is dysfunctional not only in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also in infants who will develop ASD, thus constituting a potential causal factor of future social interaction and communication abilities. Following the research domain criteria framework, we hypothesized that the presence of subclinical autistic traits in parents should lead to atypical infants' attentional reorienting, which in turn should impact on their future socio-communication behavior in toddlerhood. During an attentional cueing task, we measured the saccadic latencies in a large sample (total enrolled n=89; final sample n=71) of 8-month-old infants from the general population as a proxy for their stimulus-driven attention. Infants were grouped in a high parental traits (HPT; n=23) or in a low parental traits (LPT; n=48) group, according to the degree of autistic traits self-reported by their parents. Infants (n=33) were then longitudinally followed to test their socio-communicative behaviors at 21months. Results show a sluggish reorienting system, which was a longitudinal predictor of future socio-communicative skills at 21months. Our combined transgenerational and longitudinal findings suggest that the early functionality of the stimulus-driven attentional network-redirecting attention from one event to another-could be directly connected to future social and communication development.",
+        "output": "Infants' reorienting efficiency depends on parental autistic traits and predicts future socio-communicative behaviors.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - Following the delisting of major cryptocurrency exchange applications, including Binance and OKX, from Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL)'s App Store and Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL)'s Play Store in India, Binance has moved to reassure its Indian user base about the security and continuity of their funds. The apps were removed as a part of India's enforcement of the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) compliance requirements under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).Despite the recent app removals, Binance confirmed that existing installations of their app would remain operational for users in India. The company has also indicated that they are in active discussions with regulatory bodies to align with local laws and address compliance issues.The backdrop to these developments is India's stringent regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies. The country has imposed a 30% tax on crypto transactions and a 1% tax deducted at source (TDS) on transactions that exceed INR 10,000. These measures have contributed to a significant reduction in the volume of local cryptocurrency trading.Binance, which received compliance notices from the FIU in December 2023, is among the crypto service providers navigating these regulatory challenges. The exchange's proactive communication aims to mitigate concerns among its users and work towards resolving the compliance matters with Indian authorities.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Binance reassures Indian users of fund security despite app removals from Apple and Google stores due to India's strict crypto regulations, including a 30% tax and 1% TDS on transactions over INR 10,000.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: Beato, M, Youngs, A, and Costin, AJ. The analysis of physical performance during official competitions in professional English football: Do positions, game locations, and results influence players' game demands? J Strength Cond Res 38(5): e226-e234, 2024-This study aimed, first, to verify if physical parameters were different between players' positions during official matches in English professional football, and second, if the game location (H and A) or results (W, L, D) affected players' physical performance. Twenty-five male professional football players of the same team were included in this data analysis (age = 27 \u00b1 9 years) during the 2022-23 season. Players were divided into positions: center backs, wide backs, center midfielders, attacking midfielders, and strikers. The external load parameters were distance covered, high-speed running (HSR), sprinting distance, accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD, meters > 25.5 w\u00b7kg -1 ) that were monitored using global navigation satellite systems Apex (STATSports). Linear mixed models' analysis for positions reported a significant difference in total distance ( p = 0.011), HSR ( p < 0.001), sprinting distance ( p < 0.001), accelerations ( p = 0.003), decelerations ( p = 0.002), and HMLD ( p < 0.001). Centre backs showed the lowest physical performance in the metrics analyzed, whereas players in the other positions frequently displayed a similar physical performance. Regarding locations and results, differences were only found between locations for decelerations ( p = 0.041) and between results for HMLD ( p = 0.010). In conclusion, physical performance was influenced by players' positions, whereas game location or results seem to not affect physical performance during official competitions. Consequently, practitioners can physically prepare their players independently from the location of the match or of the possible game results, whereas specific positional training is requested to optimally prepare their players.",
+        "output": "The Analysis of Physical Performance During Official Competitions in Professional English Football: Do Positions, Game Locations, and Results Influence Players' Game Demands?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Increased aortic stiffness (arteriosclerosis) is associated with early vascular aging independent of age and sex. The underlying mechanisms of early vascular aging remain largely unexplored in the general population. We aimed to investigate the plasma metabolomic profile in aortic stiffness (vascular aging) and associated risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 6865 individuals from 2 Swedish population-based cohorts. Untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Aortic stiffness was assessed directly by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and indirectly by augmentation index (AIx@75). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was created on plasma metabolites in order to predict aortic stiffness. Associations between metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness and risk of new-onset cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were calculated. Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was positively associated particularly with acylcarnitines, dimethylguanidino valeric acid, glutamate, and cystine. The plasma metabolome predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) with good accuracy (R2=0.27 and R2=0.39, respectively). Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly correlated with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein. After 23years of follow-up, metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Aortic stiffness is associated particularly with altered metabolism of acylcarnitines, cystine, and dimethylguanidino valeric acid. These metabolic disturbances predict increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality after more than 23years of follow-up in the general population.",
-        "output": "Plasma Metabolome Predicts Aortic Stiffness and Future Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality After 23Years of Follow-Up in the General Population.",
+        "input": "After the fire at Notre-Dame de Paris in April 2019, conservation scientists and art historians joined forces with the chief architect and the monument curators to facilitate the management of emergency operations on the stained-glass windows. Information and methodologies were provided for the swift removal of twenty-five 19th and 20th-century windows following the disaster. Restoration and lead decontamination protocols were studied in laboratories and inside the building in order to determine the duration and cost of the upcoming restorations. Thanks to the careful handling of the fire by the firefighters, the stained-glass windows of Notre-Dame were mostly preserved and very little thermal stress breakage was observed on the panels. However, the necessity to use all the teams available inside the building to deal with the generalized lead contamination caused by the roof fire considerably slowed down all the restoration operations. Given the limited time remaining before the building would be reopened, the teams decided to follow two different protocols: a decontamination protocol of the stained glass that remained in the building, and the complete off -site decontamination then restoration of the panels that had been removed. The presence of scaffolding inside the cathedral also provided the opportunity to draw up new restoration charts for the medieval stained glass in the rose windows. This new document would update the previous chart published in 1959, which was based on binocular observations from the ground. The disaster in Notre-Dame de Paris has reminded everyone that a building can quickly be destroyed by a fire, even today. One of the immediate consequences has been the revision of many cathedral security procedures in case of fire, and we can now reflect on improving the management of stained-glass windows after such a catastrophe. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.",
+        "output": "Stained glass after a disaster: Feedback and methodology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The objective of this paper is to integrate Urban Political Ecology (UPE) as a theory for identifying under-exposed urban dimensions of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). A UPE lens allows us to conceptualize urbanization as a ubiquitous socio-ecological process and an interpretive frame that could inform AMR governance strategies across related contexts by: a) situating AMR risks in relation to urbanization processes shaping social and political co-determinants of such systemic threats as climate change; b) aligning UPE scholarship with One Health (OH) approaches that address AMR to reveal the under-exposed link of AMR to environmental threats and broader structural dimensions that influence these threats; and c) identifying shared AMR and environmental governance pathways that inform the rationale for more equitable governance arrangements. We delineate a context in which the speed and scale of human activity in the larger context of urbanization, driven by global market integration strategies, impacts human-animal-environmental health threats such as AMR. We demonstrate how UPE scholarship can be leveraged to offer theoretical depth to approaches considering the interdependencies of AMR and climate change threats. We then propose a strategic approach focused on identifying shared governance pathways and intersectoral accountability frameworks to address upstream structural drivers of AM-Environmental threats. The co-benefits of a UPE-informed framework to human-animal-environmental health that leverages enabling policy environments to foster a more collaborative, equitable and sustainable approach to address systemic global health threats are clarified. Just as the concept of health in all policies emphasized taking health implications into account in all public policy development, the integration of UPE in AMR governance arrangements would emphasize the need to take other sectors into account through an intersectoral whole-of-government approach that fosters shared AMR - climate change governance pathways.",
-        "output": "The urban political ecology of antimicrobial resistance: A critical lens on integrative governance.",
+        "input": "The nosology for criminals who murder multiple victims is at once well-established and controversial, perhaps because theorists have largely segregated such offenders from the broader criminal population. The current study introduces the superhomicide offender, an individual convicted of at least five murders, to locate multiple homicide offenders within the criminological and epidemiological science pertaining to the most pathological offenders, and statistically place them with other conceptualizations of severe offenders at the 95th percentile of the offending distribution. Relative to other capital murderers, superhomicide offenders have lengthier criminal history, greater conviction history, and coextensive psychopathology characterized by psychopathy, sexual sadism, homicidal ideation, cluster A and B personality disorders, and major depressive disorder. Superhomicide offenders are profoundly psychopathic with 20 of the 39 offenders reaching the clinical threshold of 30 or more on the PCL-R, and 19 of the 39 are sexually sadistic. Regarding extant typologies of sexual and multiple homicide offenders, 15 are serial murderers, 17 are sexual homicide offenders, 17 are mass murderers, and 17 are spree murderers. Twenty-four of the 39 superhomicide offenders (61.5%) met criteria for multiple typologies, suggesting the new prototype can help unify the study of those who perpetrate multicide and embed them within criminological and epidemiological models that specify pathological antisocial outcomes.",
+        "output": "Superhomicide offenders: Nosology, empirical features, and linkages to sexual and multiple murder typologies",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 14 (IANS) Around 60 per cent of Asia's top companies will upgrade hardware and software technologies by 2025 to increase worker retention with personalised work experiences and enhanced collaboration, according to a new report.Generative AI emerges as a game-changer for organisational advancement, weaving a seamless tapestry across three key fronts: Intelligent Document Processing (IDP), Generative Automation, and Knowledge Sharing.\"By 2026, businesses that link GenAI to smart document handling will discover 20 per cent more ways to use it, boosting productivity, scalability, and delivering better customer experiences,\u201d the IDC report predicted.Business teams using code generation copilots will achieve a 70 per cent success rate in streamlining jobs with task/workflow automation, replacing low-code and IT-supported development by 2024.In 2025, GenAI tools will enable senior leaders to double the productive use of unstructured data by discovering untapped insights and knowledge, driving 20 per cent growth in sustainable business benefits, the report noted.\"The focus on skill development becomes a necessity and a strategic imperative, as GenAI enables personalised development. Simultaneously, the reimagination of workplaces, with digital twins and sustainability stand out as key foci for companies,\" said Dr Lily Phan, Research Director, Future of Work, IDC Asia/Pacific.By 2027, 40 per cent of current job roles will be redefined or eliminated across organisations accelerated by GenAI adoption. Enterprises will leverage personalised technology skills development to drive $1 trillion in productivity gains by 2027, enabled by GenAI and automation everywhere, the report said.--IANSna/vd",
-        "output": "By 2025, 60% of Asia's top companies will upgrade technologies to enhance worker retention through personalized experiences and collaboration, with Generative AI emerging as a game-changer for organizational advancement in document processing, automation, and knowledge sharing. By 2027, 40% of current job roles will be redefined or eliminated due to GenAI adoption, leading to $1 trillion in productivity gains through personalized technology skills development.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and analyze the relationship between PTSD and breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors among breastfeeding mothers and women with children aged 0-24months, all of whom had experienced the earthquake.METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 173 earthquake survivors in Adiyaman, Turkey, during June and July 2023. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian scale was used to assess the presence of PTSD, while the Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES) was employed to evaluate breastfeeding behaviors in mothers.RESULTS: Significantly higher PTSD scores (47.6\u00b117.4) were found among women staying in tents, while lower scores (37.0\u00b116.4) were observed in those who continued breastfeeding. 78.6% of women reported decreased breast milk because of the earthquake. Mothers with reduced milk supply had higher PTSD scores (46.1\u00b117.3). Breastfeeding training was associated with higher BAES scores (106.8\u00b156.8) and lower PTSD scores (32.5\u00b111.0). A significant negative correlation was observed between the PTSD score and BAES (r=-0.742; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that breastfeeding may protect mothers against PTSD in the aftermath of earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding education. The higher frequency and severity of PTSD observed among earthquake survivor mothers residing in tents underscores the importance of promptly transitioning to permanent housing after the earthquake.",
+        "output": "The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In a nation where Cricket is treated like a religion, Bollywood an obsession,is not far behind in terms of creating fascination among the masses, especially given the steep rise in market participants in the post Covid-19 era.Frenetic fans have created idols and demi-gods of the so-called legends in cricket and Bollywood. And now, with theunderway in India, fans are strongly rooting for the home team to taste glory yet again, just like it did in 2011 on home soil.However, there are other strong contenders too \u2013 like",
-        "output": "Cricket and Bollywood hold immense popularity in India, with fans idolizing their stars. In the ongoing cricket tournament in India, fans are rooting for the home team to repeat their 2011 victory, despite strong competition from other contenders.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Some ecofeminist scholars have argued that being a feminist entails being a contextual vegan. Donna Haraway has opposed this position and received extensive critique. Yet no one, to my knowledge, has systematically studied how Haraway's theory can enrich ecofeminist vegan literature. To this end, I first establish the method of analysis, and/or framework, I use to read Haraway's work, what I call, interconstitutionality. Next, I delineate the limitations of Haraway's thinking insofar as it assumes a position of human dominion over animals. I then explore some aspects of Haraway's theory that can enrich ecofeminist vegan scholarship and provide insights to go beyond the limits of Haraway's corpus regarding: (1) the entanglements and embodied vulnerabilities that constitute human and non-human animals; (2) the agency of animals and the importance of curiosity and respect in leading just lives with other than human animals; (3) the ethical relevance of otherness, difference, and vulnerability at multiple scales: subject, community/herd, species, and cross-species (e.g., there are shared vulnerabilities between beings who are pregnant regardless of the species they belong to); and (4) the unavoidable violence that human existence entails. The text closes by affirming an ecofeminist non-anthropocentric vegan ontology and ethico-politics that aspires to overcome human dominion over animals.",
+        "output": "With Haraway and Beyond: Towards an Ecofeminist and Contextual Vegan Ethico-Politics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Tokyo, Jan 17 (IANS) Japan Airlines (JAL) on Wednesday announced its decision to promote senior executive Mitsuko Tottori to the position of president, making the first time that a woman will hold the top post in the flag carrier's history.Tottori, 59, now representative director and senior managing executive officer, will become the first female president of the Japanese carrier as she assumes the post on April 1, reports Xinhua news agency.Tottori, who joined the airline in 1985, will also become the first JAL president with a flight attendant background, according to the biography attached to the company's online statement.Yuji Akasaka, the current president, will become chairman with representative authority after April 1.In 2020, Tottori, as senior vice president for cabin attendants, facilitated the secondment of the company's cabin attendants to municipalities and other companies during the Covid-19 pandemic, when the airline industry faced difficult business conditions, Nikkei Asia reported.Last year, the Japanese government approved a women's empowerment policy that aims to raise the ratio of female board members to more than 30 per cent by 2030 at companies listed on the top-tier Prime Market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.The move came as companies in the country lag behind the US and Europe in promoting women to managerial positions.--IANS",
-        "output": "Japan Airlines (JAL) has appointed Mitsuko Tottori as its first female president, effective April 1, 2023. Tottori, currently a senior executive, will become the first JAL president with a flight attendant background.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The archaeological World Heritage Site of Hegra (Mada ' in Salih, Al-Hijr), in Saudi Arabia, is often considered the southern capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. Positioned just northeast of the AlUla Valley (where ancient Dadan is located), the Nabataeans recreated several aspects of their northern capital, Petra. They carved more than 130 tombs into the sandstone outcrops of which nearly a hundred had a monumental character with ornate facades of exceptional beauty and deep sense of enduring. In February 2023, our international, multidisciplinary research team conducted a field campaign in Hegra. Our objective was to measure the orientation of Nabataean tombs and sanctuaries in the area, which could offer new clues to aspects of Nabataean culture and religion that we had studied in earlier works at Petra, and elsewhere in Nabataea. This paper includes the analysis and interpretation of the data on the orientation of 113 tombs, including all monumental ones, the largest coherent set of Nabataean tombs ever analyzed. The results show that the tombs were not randomly orientated but followed a series of patterns, most probably emphasizing the skyscape, within the framework of the Nabataean lunisolar calendar religious festivals, and, on occasions, also the local landscape.",
+        "output": "Land- and Skyscapes of Hegra: An Archaeoastronomical Analysis of the Nabataean Necropoleis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WD-40 Company   (NASDAQ:WDFC) has reported a strong start to the fiscal year 2024, with a 12% increase in net sales reaching $140.4M for the first quarter. The company's net income saw a significant 25% year-over-year increase, amounting to $17.5M. This growth was primarily driven by higher sales volumes across all trade blocks, particularly of the WD-40 Multi-Use Product. The company also highlighted their strategic focus on geographic expansion, premiumization, specialist product growth, and digital commerce enhancement. Despite these positive results, WD-40 remains cautious about the year ahead, citing potential uncertainty and inflationary pressures.WD-40 Company's first-quarter earnings call painted a picture of a business in a strong financial position, with solid growth in sales and net income. The company's strategy focuses on expanding its reach, enhancing its premium product lines, and leveraging digital commerce to drive future growth. While the outlook for the rest of the fiscal year remains cautious due to potential economic headwinds, the company's leadership is confident in their strategic direction and their ability to meet their financial targets. Investors will be watching closely to see how WD-40 navigates the challenges ahead and capitalizes on the opportunities presented by its strategic initiatives.WD-40 Company (WDFC) has demonstrated a robust start to the fiscal year, and a closer look at the real-time data from InvestingPro provides additional context to the company's financial health and market performance. With a market capitalization of $3.21B, WD-40 is trading at a high earnings multiple, with a Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio of 49.13, reflective of investor confidence in its future growth prospects. This is further substantiated by the company's Price/Book (P/B) ratio for the last twelve months as of Q4 2023, which stands at 15.26, indicating a strong valuation by the market.InvestingPro Tips suggest that WD-40 yields a high return on invested capital and has a commendable track record of raising its dividend for 8 consecutive years, showcasing its commitment to shareholder returns. The company also operates with a high return on assets, which stands at 15.13% for the last twelve months as of Q4 2023, highlighting efficient use of its asset base.For investors seeking more in-depth analysis, InvestingPro offers additional insights, including 17 more InvestingPro Tips for WD-40, which can be accessed through an InvestingPro subscription. Now, during the special New Year sale, subscriptions are available with a discount of up to 50%. Plus, use coupon code sfy24 to get an additional 15% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription. These tips could provide valuable guidance for those looking to understand WD-40's position in the market and its potential future performance.Investors should note that the company's financial strength, as indicated by the ability to consistently raise dividends and maintain a high return on assets, is a testament to its solid business model and strategic initiatives. With WD-40 continuing to focus on expansion and premiumization, these metrics and tips may prove useful in evaluating the company's prospects moving forward.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "WD-40 Company reported a strong start to fiscal year 2024, with a 12% increase in net sales to $140.4M and a 25% increase in net income to $17.5M, driven by higher sales volumes of WD-40 Multi-Use Product. Despite potential uncertainty and inflationary pressures, the company remains confident in its strategic focus on geographic expansion, premiumization, specialist product growth, and digital commerce enhancement.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Recent work finds that nonviolent resistance by ethnic minorities is perceived as more violent and requiring more policing than identical resistance by ethnic majorities, reducing its impact and effectiveness. We ask whether allies-advantaged group participants in disadvantaged group movements-can mitigate these barriers. On the one hand, allies can counter negative stereotypes and defuse threat perceptions among advantaged group members, while raising expectations of success and lowering expected risks among disadvantaged group members. On the other hand, allies can entail significant costs, carrying risks of cooptation, replication of power hierarchies, and marginalization of core constituencies. To shed light on this question we draw on the case of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which, in 2020, attracted unprecedented White participation. Employing a national survey experiment, we find that sizeable White presence at racial justice protests increases protest approval, reduces perceptions of violence, and raises the likelihood of participation among White audiences, while not causing significant backlash among Black audiences. Black respondents mostly see White presence as useful for advancing the movement's goals, and predominant White presence reduces expectations that protests will be forcefully repressed. We complement these results with analysis of tens of thousands of images shared on social media during the 2020 BLM protests, finding a significant association between the presence of Whites in the images and user engagement and amplification. The findings suggest that allyship can be a powerful tool for promoting sociopolitical change amid deep structural inequality.",
+        "output": "The politics of allyship: Multiethnic coalitions and mass attitudes toward protest.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Bryan Mercurio's brief accurately describes the inflection point of the global trading system as world governments retreat from free and fair trade. Chief among them is the United States, whose recent reversal is sending shockwaves throughout the rules-based economic world order. The United States' conflation of trade policy vis-a-vis China and national security, as well as the use of trade policy to garner political support from voters disenfranchised by the global trading system, have given way to industrial subsidies and protectionist tendencies. This article aims to build upon Mercurio's points and identify the underlying causes and long-term consequences of the current US direction. In addition, this piece differs from Dr Mercurio's assertions on three critical aspects of today's trade landscape. Firstly, industrial policy and economic security measures were first undertaken by China, and the United States and allied nations only followed suit. Secondly, the current US economic policy regarding China is severely constrained by today's political landscape, and the Biden administration's approach is moderate given these confines. Lastly, despite challenges, low-income countries can gain from the diversification movement as production shifts away from China.",
-        "output": "Response to Bryan Mercurio's Caveat Emptor",
+        "input": "This article presents a causal inference analysis of vaccine hesitancy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines based on socio-demographic data obtained via questionnaires applied to a sample of the Brazilian population. This data includes the respondents' political preferences, age group, education, salary range, country region, sex, believing fake news, vaccine confidence, and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The research created a causal graph using these variables, seeking to answer questions about the probability of people getting vaccinated. The results of this research corroborate findings observed in the literature, also presenting unique findings: (i) The perception that the vaccine is safe is positively affected by age group and negatively by religion; (ii) The older the person, the greater the probability of considering the vaccine safe and, consequently, of getting vaccinated; (iii) The religion variable showed great importance in the model since it has a simultaneous causal effect on political preferences and the perception of vaccine safety; (iv) The data reveal that the probability of a person accepting the vaccination against COVID-19 is reduced given the fact that they believe fake news related to the vaccine. The methodology applied in this research can be replicated for populations from other countries so that it is possible to generate customized models. General causal models can be helpful for agencies dealing with vaccine hesitancy to decide which variables should be addressed to reduce this phenomenon.",
+        "output": "Analysis of causal relations between vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines and ideological orientations in Brazil.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Research examining the contraceptive paradox has illuminated how contraception can be a source of empowerment for some and oppression for others. This study advances theorizing of the contraceptive paradox by illustrating how 45 young women experience contraception as both liberating and constraining due to a confluence of biomedicalization processes, gender inequality, and neoliberal feminism. Drawing on focus group data, we find that the biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention and neoliberal feminist discourse, in combination with experiences of social and economic privilege and gender inequality in fertility work, shape participants' interpretation of contraceptive technology as a key resource for individually liberating themselves from undesired pregnancy. At the same time, their experiences indicate prescription contraception plays an oppressive role in their lives. In addition to blaming themselves and their bodies for negative contraceptive side effects, participants take for granted that assuming sole responsibility for contraceptive use in their relationships with men is the price they must pay to feel free. The findings indicate that addressing a social problem using an individualized biomedical solution obscures the power that structural inequalities exert over pregnancy-capable people, including relatively privileged young women. As an expression of biopower, these dynamics prompted participants to emphasize distributive justice over social justice, foreclosing their engagement in collective action.",
-        "output": "The biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention, neoliberal feminism, and college women's experiences of the contraceptive paradox.",
+        "input": "With the increasing relevance of ethnic groups as political actors, the literature has attempted to identify and study the ethnic organizations representing these groups. How do these organizations use digital communication channels to reach their domestic and international audiences? To enable research on these questions, this article introduces the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset, a new data collection focusing on the online channels that ethnic organizations use. The dataset includes four types of channels: Twitter (since July 2023, rebranded by Elon Musk as X); Facebook; Instagram; and regular websites. It relies on the Ethnic Power Relations - Organizations database, and is therefore compatible with an entire family of datasets on ethnic politics. Featuring more than 2000 online channels used by 265 groups, it allows researchers to study a wide variety of questions related to digital ethnic mobilization. The article presents three examples of how the dataset can be used. We study: (a) how a group's political goals influence social media adoption; (b) how elections impact the organizations' communication frequency and how this differs between democracies and autocracies; and (c) how the power status of a group affects the content of their communication. We provide replication codes facilitating the use of the dataset in applied research.",
+        "output": "Ethnic politics via digital means: Introducing the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Online stock broking firmon Thursday announced that the firm has received the approval of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) to launch its first index fund \u2014 Groww Nifty Total Markets Index Fund \u2014 through new fund offering (NFO), according to a report in the.Lalit Keshre, co-founder of Groww, wrote on X (formerly Twitter): \"Groww Mutual Fund got approval for its first NFO \u2014 Groww Nifty Total Market Index Fund.\"An NFO is the first subscription offering for a new fund offered by an investment company.According to sources, Groww Mutual Fund submitted draft documents with the Sebi on September 5 for the launch of its index fund.On September 4, online stock broking firm Zerodha had announced the launch of its two new schemes \u2014 Zerodha Tax Saver (ELSS) Nifty Large Midcap 250 Index Fund and Zerodha Nifty Large Midcap 250 Index Fund (ZN250) \u2014 under its mutual fund business, Zerodha Asset Management Limited.In September 2021, Groww received the approval of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to acquire Indiabulls Asset Management Company (AMC) and Indiabulls Trustee Company, according to thereport.In May 2023, Groww acquired 100 per cent stake in the mutual fund business of Indiabulls Housing Finance for Rs 175.62 crore.In June 2023, the Sebi had issued regulations for platforms such as Paytm, Zerodha, and Groww that offer transactions in direct plans for mutual fund schemes, which it calls execution-only platforms (EOPs).",
-        "output": "Groww received SEBI approval to launch its first index fund, Groww Nifty Total Markets Index Fund, through an NFO. This follows Zerodha's recent launch of two new index funds under its mutual fund business.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Although a large literature investigates cross-national differences in party mobilization, little is known about cross-national gender differences in electoral campaign contacts. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral System Module 4, which includes data from 2011 to 2016 and 32 countries, I find gendered patterns in reported contacts across different activities performed by campaigns. I test two potential explanation for these variations: electoral systems and women's political participation. First, I find that women's likelihood of reported contacts increases to a greater extent than men's when electoral systems provide incentives for campaigns to increase their contact rates, decreasing and even reversing gender gaps. Second, I find limited support regarding the impact of the percentage of women in legislatures on gender differences in reported electoral campaign contacts.",
+        "output": "Are men and women contacted differently by electoral campaigns? A cross-national examination of gender gaps",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Community-based dental education (CBDE) has been an essential advancement in dental education in recent decades, enhancing it in many aspects. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and improvements of CBDE in dental schools in Iran.METHODS: In the present descriptive study, an electronic questionnaire, including 18 yes/no, multiple choice, and short answer questions about the nature and extent of CBDE and students' experience in CBDE, was used. In early 2021, the questionnaires were mailed to the deans of all 43 dental schools in Iran under the supervision of the Council for Dental Education of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Reminder calls were made after 6 and 12 weeks. Dental schools that did not follow the CBDE program were excluded. The responses were analyzed descriptively.RESULTS: Thirty-six dental schools completed the questionnaire (response rate: 84%). Seventeen schools (47%) reported having CBDE in their dental program. Sites lacking a well-equipped dental setting were the most used out of all extramural sites. The number of weeks dedicated to CBDE ranged between 1 and 20 (median: 4). The most common dental procedures practiced in extramural sites were pediatric dentistry (100%), restorative dentistry (71%), and dental examination (59%). The student-to-supervisor ratio in CBDE ranged between 3 and 15 (median: 5). In most schools (65%), the staff involved in directing CBDE were Community Oral Health PhDs.CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of Iranian dental schools have integrated CBDE into their undergraduate dental curriculum. The characteristics and extent of this educational strategy vary widely among dental schools. CBDE can be more effective by making positive changes in dental programs.",
-        "output": "Community-based dental education in Iranian dental schools.",
+        "input": "The western centre of France is one of the richest regions of Western Europe in terms of causewayed enclosures from the Neolithic period. To date, more than 300 such sites have been identified. Most causewayed enclosures in the region range in size from some hectares to over 10 ha. Exhaustive excavation of such sites is rarely performed because such operations are both financially expensive and time intensive. Completing an exhaustive excavation of these sites is also extremely complicated due to their complexity. Recording the most complete possible site plan is a major challenge for optimizing excavation. Traditionally, aerial photography has been the primary method used for delineating causewayed enclosure plans. A magnetic survey can also provide complementary information. Magnetic imaging reveals both enclosure ditches and internal features (pits, postholes, etc.) quickly and with high spatial resolution. At some sites, occupation layers dating from the time of enclosure may be preserved and contain archaeological artefacts or small features in situ. This article proposes a protocol for locating a Neolithic occupation layer inside a Neolithic causewayed enclosure. To locate the areas where this layer is likely to be present, a map of the archaeological potential of the Le Pontet site was produced based on a thickness map of the soil-sedimentary cover. This map was created by combining an apparent electrical resistivity map, the results of electrical resistivity tomography, an orthophotograph with contrasting cropmarks and the results of dynamic cone penetration tests. To validate the archaeological potential map, an excavation campaign was conducted in 2020 to investigate several sectors; the aim was to prove the presence of the occupation layer and study the pedo-sedimentary stratigraphy of the site.",
+        "output": "Thickness Estimation of the Soil-Sedimentary Cover Inside Causewayed Enclosures to Locate an Occupation Layer: Map of the Archaeological Potential of the Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure of Le Pontet",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.",
-        "output": "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China",
+        "input": "A collection of bronze chariot-horses was discovered in the Yang'an Han tomb in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province. These bronzes was used as burial objects, symbolizing the high status of the tomb owner during his lifetime. To analyze the samples taken from the bronze chariot-horses, various scientific techniques were employed, including metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscope energy dispersive (SEM-EDS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) were used to analyze samples from the bronze chariot-horses. Unlike most Han bronzes made of leaded tin-bronze, the bronze chariot-horses were crafted using copper and tin, and their metallographic structure revealed that they were cast. The origin of the copper material used for the bronze chariot-horses differed noticeably from that of bronzes excavated in the Sichuan area from the late Warring States period and Western Han period. Historical documents and archaeological findings suggested that the owners of the bronze chariot-horses were possibly vassals. As the Sichuan region was governed by the central government of the Western Han Dynasty through the establishment of prefectures and counties rather than through the enfeoffment system, the presence of the bronze chariot-horses in Yang'an Han tomb may be related to the family of Liu Yue (\u5218). The analysis of the lead isotope data indicated that the copper material likely originated from the southeastern Hebei and western Shandong, providing strong evidence for the link between the bronze chariot-horses and the family of Liu yue in terms of resource circulation.",
+        "output": "The Provenance of Copper Materials for bronze chariot-horses Unearthed from Yang'an Han Tomb in Qionglai, Sichuan Province revealed by the lead isotope analysis and trace elements analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO - Alector, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALEC), a biotech firm engaged in immuno-neurology research, has announced the pricing of its public offering of 10,869,566 shares at a total value of $75 million, before underwriting discounts and commissions, along with estimated offering expenses. The offering is scheduled to conclude on January 19, 2024, pending the fulfillment of standard closing conditions.The company, which is solely responsible for the sale of the shares, has also given the underwriter, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., a 30-day option to buy up to an additional 1,630,434 shares at the public offering price, after accounting for underwriting discounts and commissions.This offering follows a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 1, 2023. The prospectus and accompanying prospectus supplement, which are part of this registration statement, can be accessed on the SEC's website.Alector, headquartered in South San Francisco, California, is at the forefront of developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting immune system dysfunction, a key factor in such diseases. The company is currently advancing a diverse portfolio of product candidates designed to repair genetic mutations that impair the brain's immune system, with the goal of enabling immune cells to combat brain pathologies. Alector's research focuses on addressing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and genetically defined frontotemporal dementia.This news article is based on a press release statement from Alector, Inc. and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Alector, a biotech firm specializing in immuno-neurology, has announced a public offering of 10,869,566 shares at $75 million, with an option for the underwriter to purchase an additional 1,630,434 shares. The proceeds will support Alector's research on treatments for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting immune system dysfunction.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The collapse of a state during crises, such as large-scale wars, demands effective preventive measures. The 2014 military aggression by Russia in Ukraine triggered profound changes and emphasised the importance of strategic responses. So, the cutoff of Russian aggression was facilitated by the coordinated interaction of state authorities and local government and the increased autonomy of local government at the grassroots level, as a result of the successful decentralisation reform in Ukraine. After the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the local government played a vital role in sustaining Ukrainian cities and villages. This paper examines local government operations in active conflict zones and during occupation, assessing their preparedness for military actions. It delves into the unique challenges faced and necessary post-war adjustments. Through in-depth interviews in the war-affected Kharkiv region and secondary sources, we illuminate crisis management within local government during wartime in Ukraine. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of local government bodies in addressing the issues of local residents during a wartime crisis.",
+        "output": "Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BANGKOK - UOB Thailand has entered into a strategic partnership with Thailand\u2019s Board of Investment (BOI) to enhance foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country\u2019s high technology sectors, with a focus on electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). This collaboration, under the guidance of UOB Thailand President Tan Choon Hin, is set to capitalize on Thailand\u2019s robust industrial foundation to attract investors from Greater China and Singapore, while also aiding Thai companies in their expansion efforts within ASEAN markets.The memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between the two entities is part of a broader initiative to position Thailand as a key player in the global supply chain and to create high-quality job opportunities. The FDI advisory unit of UOB has a proven track record, having facilitated the entry of over 370 foreign companies into the Thai market since 2019. This influx has led to a substantial $1.6 billion in projected investments and the generation of more than 18,000 jobs. Additionally, UOB\u2019s regional network has supported over 210 Thai firms in extending their reach to other ASEAN countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam.The UOB Business Outlook Study highlights a significant inclination among Southeast Asian companies towards internationalization, with 83% showing interest in expanding beyond their home markets. Thailand\u2019s appeal for FDI is bolstered by its efficient supply chain, skilled workforce, and strong automotive parts industry, which are particularly conducive to growth in the electronics and EV sectors.To further solidify Thailand\u2019s competitive edge, UOB and the BOI will join forces in hosting promotional events. Moreover, the BOI is exploring the establishment of new outposts in key markets such as Singapore to streamline investor relations and engagement, reinforcing Thailand's commitment to becoming a central hub for high-tech investments in the region.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "UOB Thailand and Thailand's Board of Investment (BOI) have partnered to enhance foreign direct investment (FDI) in Thailand's high technology sectors, particularly electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), with a focus on attracting investors from Greater China and Singapore. This collaboration aims to leverage Thailand's robust industrial foundation and create high-quality job opportunities.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "We trace the origin of felony disenfranchisement from the colonial period through Reconstruction. On the eve of the Civil War, three-quarters of states had criminal disenfranchisement statutes. These laws were based on legal moralism principles, which limited the franchise to those in good standing with the community. Efforts at disenfranchisement grew as access to the ballot increased and criminal justice reforms replaced capital and corporal punishment for imprisonment. We highlight important transformations in felony disenfranchisement during Reconstruction, specifically in new state constitutions and the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. All but one Southern state included felon disenfranchisement in their new constitutions that the Republican-controlled Congress ratified for readmission to the United States. Radical Republicans in Congress and state legislatures were in most cases advocates of felony disenfranchisement to exclude former Confederates from political participation.",
+        "output": "Revisiting the Origins of Felony Disenfranchisement in the United States",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This survey study examines physician views toward private equity investment in health care.",
-        "output": "Physician Perspectives on Private Equity Investment in Health Care",
+        "input": "We investigated molecular evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of atypical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 1905 and determined its long-term persistence and linkage to human disease in dispersed locations, far beyond the large 2014 outbreak epicenter in Portugal. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prevent further disease spread.",
+        "output": "Recurrence, Microevolution, and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 1905, Portugal, 2014-2022.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The structure and age of remains of two ancient walls located in the city of Nan, a former part of the Lanna Kingdom in modern northern Thailand, were investigated. The remains differ in appearance with a well-preserved brick wall present at Mahawong Road (MHW), while an earthwork with a brick reinforcement core is found at Phaya Wat Temple (PWT). We employed an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey and optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) to determine the buried structure of the earthwork at the PWT site and the production age of bricks from both locations. The ERT results reveal lateral heterogeneous resistivity domains cross-cutting the wall, which presumably relates to the construction of a dam. According to OSL dating, the PWT wall was likely built during the time of the war with Burma that ultimately resulted in a foreign occupation of Nan in the sixteenth century. This structure played a role in both flood mitigation and military defence of the city. The structure at MHW represents a city wall that was built at the end of the nineteenth century after Nan was relocated to its present position and rather reflects representative and social needs.",
-        "output": "Structure and age of ancient walls from the city of Nan, northern Thailand",
+        "input": "Created and published in a printed volume in 1611, the emblem chosen by the literary Academy of the Umoristi is intriguing at multiple levels. At a time when the water cycle was still unknown, the image engaged the thorny question of how the evaporation of salty seawater, condensed into clouds, could subsequently pour down as sweet rain. Additionally, the Lucretian motto Redit agmine dulci audaciously evoked the philosophy of atoms. The combination of the image and the motto suggested looking at the meteorological phenomenon on display as a sort of natural distillation process, not different from the circulations taking place in the alembic. This enquiry will document how the Academy of the Umoristi was influenced in the choice of its emblem by the scientific Academy of the Lincei and how, towards the end of the seventeenth century, under the patronage of Christina of Sweden, the interconnection of alchemy and atomism alluded to in the academic emblem was reclaimed as a distinctive philosophical banner.",
+        "output": "A Very Distilled Emblem in Baroque Rome: Natural Philosophy, Alchemy, and Atomism in the Academy of the Umoristi",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) was a pioneer who established the Spinal Cord Injury Unit, at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. A brief description of his academic and clinical accomplishments is given.",
-        "output": "On Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) and the Spinal Cord Injury Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.",
+        "input": "This study explored supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive molecules from Ammodaucus leucotrichus seeds, a little-known source of potent bioactive compounds. Response surface methodology assessed extraction parameters (pressure, temperature, and ethanol co-solvent) and their effects on global yield, total phenolic compound (TPC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), and anti-Alzheimer activity. Optimization via a BoxBehnken design identified the optimal conditions: 15 % ethanol, 300 bar, and 70 degrees C. Chemical profiling using GC-MS and UHPLC-q-tof-MS/MS detected over 41 metabolites. In addition, a biorefinery sequential extraction process was performed to obtain extracts with high neuroprotective potential. The SFE extracts exhibited modest AChE inhibition. Notably, sequential SFE and PLE extractions yielded extracts with enhanced antioxidant activity compared to separate processes. In conclusion, Ammodaucus leucotrichus presents a promising natural source of secondary metabolites. Its potential health benefits warrant further exploration, emphasizing the need for continued research.",
+        "output": "Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits by using multivariate response surface methodology",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Sustainability has become a prominent goal in tourism and hospitality. While green practices can benefit the environment and society, they can also lead to customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, the current study aims to identify different hotel green practices and examine their impact on customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This study uses a mixed method of business analytics and regression analysis on a dataset of 813,791 online reviews of 450 hotels in New York City derived from TripAdvisor.com. The research findings guide hotel operators to build strategies for green practices while reducing customers' discomfort and improving the overall customer experience.",
-        "output": "The two sides of hotel green practices in customer experience: an integrated approach of the Kano model and business analytics",
+        "input": "The collapse of a state during crises, such as large-scale wars, demands effective preventive measures. The 2014 military aggression by Russia in Ukraine triggered profound changes and emphasised the importance of strategic responses. So, the cutoff of Russian aggression was facilitated by the coordinated interaction of state authorities and local government and the increased autonomy of local government at the grassroots level, as a result of the successful decentralisation reform in Ukraine. After the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the local government played a vital role in sustaining Ukrainian cities and villages. This paper examines local government operations in active conflict zones and during occupation, assessing their preparedness for military actions. It delves into the unique challenges faced and necessary post-war adjustments. Through in-depth interviews in the war-affected Kharkiv region and secondary sources, we illuminate crisis management within local government during wartime in Ukraine. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of local government bodies in addressing the issues of local residents during a wartime crisis.",
+        "output": "Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evidence relating maternal birth experience to a range of maternal and neonatal outcomes is increasingly compelling. Consequently valid and reliable self-report of birth experience from the mothers perspective is critical.AIM: The current study sought to translate and validate a Hungarian-language version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).METHOD: Following forward and backwards translation into Hungarian, the Hungarian BSS-R (HU-BSS-R) was administered to women in a major Transylvanian hospital maternity unit within 72 h postpartum. Key psychometric characteristics were then examined in relation to factor structure, divergent and convergent validity, internal consistency, and known-groups discriminant validity.RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-two women completed the HU-BSS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the HU-BSS-R to offer an excellent fit to data for the established tri-dimensional measurement model. The HU-BSS-R was also found to offer excellent convergent and divergent validity and known-groups discriminant validity. No significant differences were observed between internal consistency observations between the current study and the original UK validation study.CONCLUSIONS: The HU-BSS-R is a valid and reliable translation of the original BSS-R, it has proved itself to have excellent psychometric properties and is suitable for use in the Hungarian maternity context.",
-        "output": "Translation and validation of the Hungarian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).",
+        "input": "This article investigates the relationship between public funding and the political activities of youth organisations in Europe. By analysing original data from a random sample of about 4500 youth organisations in nine countries generated through a content analysis of organisations' websites, we examine the extent to which they engage in political activities. The analysis provides evidence for a negative impact of public funding on the engagement of youth organisations in political activities. This suggests that receiving financial resources from state institutions may lead to depoliticisation. Moreover, we also show how the effect of public funding is conditional upon the broader context, suggesting that the question of whether public funding encourages or discourages youth organisations to carry out political activities may be contingent on their broader economic and political environment.",
+        "output": "Taming Through Support? Youth Organisations and the Impact of Public Funding on Their Political Activities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The stock of the auto ancillary company has turned ex-date for a stock split in ratio of 1:5 i.e. 1 stock of face value of Rs 10 each into 5 shares of face value of Rs 2 per equity share.The stock surpassed its previous high of Rs 232.59 (adjusted to stock split) touched on August 11. A combined around 1 million equity shares changed hands and there were pending buy orders",
-        "output": "An auto ancillary company's stock surged past its previous high after a 1:5 stock split, with 1 million shares traded and pending buy orders, indicating strong investor interest.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.",
+        "output": "Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Armed conflict and insecurity have been linked to deteriorations in reproductive health and rights globally. In Nigeria, armed violence has taken a significant toll on women's and girls' health and safety. However, knowledge is limited about how conflict shapes attitudes surrounding their ability to make autonomous decisions on relationships and childbearing. Drawing on a socioecological framework and terror management theory, we aimed to investigate the association between conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from two sources: the World Values Survey (WVS) and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program-Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP-GED). Nationally representative data on attitudes of 559 men and 534 women was collected by WVS in 2017-2018. Linear probability models estimated the association between attitudes toward five dimensions of women and girl's reproductive autonomy (contraception, safe abortion, marital decision-making, delayed childbearing, early marriage), respondents' perceptions of neighborhood insecurity using WVS data, and geospatial measures of conflict exposure drawn from UCDP-GED.RESULTS: Exposure to armed conflict and perceived neighborhood insecurity were associated with more supportive attitudes toward access to safe abortion among both men and women. Among women, conflict exposure was associated with higher support for contraception and the perception that early marriage can provide girls with security. Conflict-affected men were more likely to support a delay in girls' childbearing.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that conflict and insecurity pose a threat to, but also facilitate opportunities for, women's and girls' reproductive autonomy. Contraception, abortion, early marriage, and postponement or childbearing may be perceived as risk-aversion strategies in response to mortality threats, livelihood losses, and conflict-driven sexual violence. Our findings foreshadow changes in fertility and relationship patterns in conflict-affected Nigeria and highlight the need for health programming to ensure access to contraception and safe abortion services.",
-        "output": "Armed conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria.",
+        "input": "In 1971 the Sri Lankan Prime Minister tabled the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace at the 26th United Nations General Assembly, marking the state's international debut at the global stage. This article analyses the trajectory of this highly significant initiative in the context of rapidly evolving political instabilities within Sri Lanka and across the Indian Ocean region. It argues that Sri Lanka's pursuit of peace during the 1970s and 1980s stemmed from multiple threats to its sovereignty combined with the state's desire to develop strategic allies and the material donations that flowed from those relations. The pursuit saw Sri Lanka align with India, the USA, the Soviet Union, and Britain at moments of political deterioration. These alignments enabled the Sri Lankan government to seek material supports to address breakdowns of political relations with the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in the south and Tamils in the north and east. The article argues that the Sri Lankan pursuit of peace irrevocably transformed Indian Ocean internationalisms and shows how a small state aligned to suit its political needs. The pursuit also linked Sri Lanka's Indian Ocean peace efforts to a liberal order in problematic ways and strengthened international backing for violence against its citizens.",
+        "output": "Indian Ocean Internationalisms: The Sri Lankan Pursuit of Peace, 1971-89",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "CLEVELAND - KeyCorp (NYSE: NYSE:KEY), a major player in the financial services sector, has declared its first-quarter dividends for 2024 across a range of its stock categories. Common shareholders are set to receive a dividend of $0.205 per share, payable on March 15, 2024, with a record date of February 27, 2024. Additionally, dividends have been announced for several series of the corporation's preferred stock, all payable on the same date to holders recorded by February 29, 2024.The dividends for the preferred stocks are as follows: Series D preferred stock will receive $312.50 per share, Series E preferred stock will receive $15.3125 per share, Series F preferred stock will receive $14.1250 per share, Series G preferred stock will receive $14.0625 per share, and Series H preferred stock will receive $15.50 per share. These dividends cover the period from December 15, 2023, to March 15, 2024.In corporate governance matters, KeyCorp has also announced that its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is scheduled for Thursday, May 9, 2024. This meeting will be a key event for the company, providing shareholders with insights into the corporation's performance and strategic direction.KeyCorp, with a history stretching back nearly two centuries, is headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. As of September 30, 2023, the company boasted assets of approximately $188 billion. KeyCorp operates under the KeyBank National Association brand, offering a variety of financial services including deposit, lending, cash management, and investment services through an extensive network of branches and ATMs. KeyBanc Capital Markets, the company's corporate and investment banking arm, delivers a suite of advanced services to middle market companies across the United States.This announcement is based on a press release statement and reflects the company's commitment to providing shareholder value through regular dividend payments. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "KeyCorp declared its first-quarter dividends for 2024, with common shareholders receiving $0.205 per share and preferred stock dividends ranging from $14.0625 to $312.50 per share. The company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders is scheduled for May 9, 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: A systematic literature review undertaken by the ISPOR Biosimilar Special Interest Group highlighted that limited guidance exists on how to assess biosimilars value and on appropriate economic evaluation techniques. This study described current health technology assessment (HTA) agency approaches for biosimilar value assessment.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews (n= 16) were carried out with HTA experts in Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe to investigate current HTA practices for biosimilars. Data categorization was based on a thematic analysis approach. Findings from the qualitative data analysis were interpreted in view of relevant published literature.RESULTS: Our research suggests that in systems in which frameworks for biosimilar regulatory approval are well established, HTA agencies can accept the regulators' comparability exercise, and reimbursement decisions can generally be based on price comparisons. This approach is accepted in practice and allows streamlining of biosimilars value assessment. Nevertheless, conducting HTAs for biosimilars can be relevant when (1) the originator is not reimbursed, (2) the biosimilar marketing authorization holder seeks reimbursement for indications/populations, pharmaceutical forms, methods and routes of administration that differ with respect to the originator, and (3) a price premium is sought for a biosimilar based on an added-value claim. Further, HTA agencies' role conducting class-review updates following biosimilar availability can support greater patients' access to biologics.CONCLUSIONS: Internationally, there are differences in how national competent authorities on pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals perceive HTA's role for biosimilars. Therefore, HTA agencies are encouraged to issue clear guidance on when and how to conduct HTAs for biosimilars, and on which economic techniques to apply.",
+        "output": "Mapping Health Technology Assessment Agency Approaches for Biosimilar Value Assessment: An ISPOR Special Interest Group Report.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LONDON - International Game Technology PLC (NYSE:IGT), a global leader in gaming, has been granted a contract extension to continue providing the core lottery system for the UK National Lottery. This extension comes as a part of Allwyn's ongoing transformation program for the National Lottery.IGT's role is to ensure a seamless transition as Allwyn prepares to implement a new platform for lottery operations. Jay Gendron, IGT COO Global Lottery, expressed the company's commitment to supporting the National Lottery alongside Allwyn and other suppliers.The company, which is the primary technology provider for numerous lotteries worldwide, including 25 in the U.S. and several of the world's largest, has a significant presence in the global lottery market. IGT's expertise spans across Lotteries, Gaming Machines, Sports Betting, and Digital gaming, delivering experiences across various channels and regulated segments.With a workforce of approximately 10,500 employees, IGT emphasizes its adherence to service, integrity, and responsibility standards in over 100 jurisdictions globally. While the press release included forward-looking statements about the company's intentions and expectations, it also cautioned that such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties beyond the company's control.This contract extension is a testament to IGT's operational expertise and its position within the gaming and lottery industry. The company's involvement is expected to continue until Allwyn completes its technology overhaul for the National Lottery.The information for this article is based on a press release statement from International Game Technology PLC.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "IGT has been granted a contract extension to continue providing the core lottery system for the UK National Lottery as part of Allwyn's ongoing transformation program. IGT, a global leader in gaming with a significant presence in the global lottery market, will ensure a seamless transition as Allwyn prepares to implement a new platform for lottery operations.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper proposed a novel method for the non-invasive extraction of proteinaceous binders from panel paintings using high-acyl (HA) and low-acyl (LA) gellan gums. The binder extraction effects of different gums on simulated panel paintings were compared and characterized in terms of extracted protein concentration, macro and micro appearance, color difference, pH, and contact angle. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to analyze the extraction mechanism. On this basis, non-invasive extraction was conducted on panel paintings with different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders using HA gellan gums. The results showed that neither HA nor LA gellan gum significantly affected the surface color, pH, contact angle, or visual appearance of the paint layer. The protein extraction effect of gellan gum is mainly affected by pressure and concentration gradient. The HA gellan gum has a strong water retention capacity, high softness, and a more stable internal structure. Therefore, the concentration of the protein solution extracted by HA gellan gum was 2.4 times higher than that extracted by LA gellan gum, with less possibility of gel residue. Further, HA gellan gum showed a good extraction effect on different types and concentrations of proteinaceous binders. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to serve as an effective means for the non-invasive extraction of proteins from painted objects. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Novel non-invasive method for extracting proteinaceous binders from panel paintings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the change in physicians' hypertension treatment behavior before and after the reform of the capitation in county medical community.METHODS: Spanning from January 2014 to December 2019, monthly data of outpatient and inpatient were gathered before and after the implementation of the reform in April 2015. We employed interrupted time series analysis method to scrutinize the instantaneous level and slope changes in the indicators associated with physicians' behavior.RESULTS: Several indicators related to physicians' behavior demonstrated enhancement. After the reform, medical cost per visit for inpatient exhibited a reverse trajectory (-53.545, 95%CI: -78.620 to -28.470, p<0.01). The rate of change in outpatient drug combination decelerated (0.320, 95%CI: 0.149 to 0.491, p<0.01). The ratio of infusion declined for both outpatient and inpatient cases (-0.107, 95%CI: -0.209 to -0.004, p<0.1; -0.843, 95%CI: -1.154 to -0.532, p<0.01). However, the results revealed that overall medical cost per visit and drug proportion for outpatient care continued their initial upward trend. After the reform, the decline of drug proportion for outpatient care was less pronounced compared to the period prior to the reform, and length of stay also had a similar trend.CONCLUSION: To some extent, capitation under the county medical community encourages physicians to control the cost and adopt a more standardized diagnosis and treatment behavior. This study provides evidence to consider the impact of policy changes on physicians' behavior when designing payment methods and healthcare systems aimed at promoting PHC.",
-        "output": "Impact of capitation on physicians' behavior among patients with hypertension: an interrupted time series study in rural China.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: To examine whether post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but did not complete a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) were at higher risk of subsequent adverse events compared with veterans who screened positive and completed a CTBIE. Upon CTBIE completion, information assessed by a trained TBI clinician indicates whether there is mTBI history (mTBI+) or not (mTBI-).SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) outpatient services.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 52700 post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for TBI were included. The follow-up review period was between fiscal years 2008 and 2019. The 3 groups studied based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status were: (1) mTBI+ (48.6%), (2) mTBI- (17.8%), and (3) no CTBIE (33.7%).DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. Log binomial and Poisson regression models adjusting for demographic, military, pre-TBI screening health, and VHA covariates examined risk ratios of incident outcomes based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status.MAIN MEASURES: Incident substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, and homelessness documented in VHA administrative records, and mortality as documented in the National Death Index, 3 years post-TBI screen. VHA outpatient utilization was also examined.RESULTS: Compared with the no CTBIE group, the mTBI+ group had 1.28 to 1.31 times the risk of incident SUD, AUD, and overdose, but 0.73 times the risk of death 3 years following TBI screening. The mTBI- group had 0.70 times the risk of OUD compared with the no CTBIE group within the same period. The no CTBIE group also had the lowest VHA utilization.CONCLUSIONS: There were mixed findings on risk of adverse events for the no CTBIE group relative to the mTBI+ and mTBI- groups. Future research is needed to explore the observed differences, including health conditions and healthcare utilization, documented outside VHA among veterans who screen positive for TBI.",
+        "output": "Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Veterans Who Screen Positive for Traumatic Brain Injury in the Veterans Health Administration But Do Not Complete a Comprehensive Evaluation: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 10 (IANS) Defence Secretary Giridhar Aramane on Wednesday said that efforts are being made that  Bharat Electronics  (NS:BAJE) Limited (BEL) should play an important role in ensuring that the equipment is provided to armed forces and Indian Coast Guard in an integrated manner.Aramane on Wednesday was in Ghaziabad in UP where he inaugurated \u2018Abhigyaan\u2019 -- a state-of-the-art auditorium at the Central Research Laboratory (CRL) of Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a Defence Public Service Unit (DPSU).Aramane termed the Abhigyan auditorium as an asset for the scientific community.He also lauded the efforts of scientists and engineers of BEL, saying that their efforts bolster national security while carrying forward Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.He also urged the scientists to have more collaboration with the domestic start-ups and incubators with the aim to provide state-of-the-art technologies/products to the armed forces.He emphasised that more initiatives should come from the scientists and engineers of BEL.Meanwhile, the Ministry of Defence said that the Abhigyaan auditorium consists of excellent acoustics, smart interfaces, a large interactive data wall and three cameras with extensive features for live feed.\u201cThere are also two high resolution displays for simultaneous presentation and demonstration. The auditorium has a seating capacity for 250 people and will be used for product demos, symposiums, hackathons, tech talks and lectures,\u201d the ministry said.--IANSgcb/dan",
-        "output": "Defence Secretary Giridhar Aramane inaugurated the 'Abhigyaan' auditorium at BEL's Central Research Laboratory in Ghaziabad, emphasizing BEL's crucial role in providing integrated equipment to the armed forces and Indian Coast Guard. The auditorium features advanced acoustics, smart interfaces, and a large interactive data wall for product demos, symposiums, and tech talks.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To use time-driven, activity-based costing (TDABC) methodology to investigate drivers of cost variation and to elucidate preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with increased cost of outpatient arthroscopic hip labral repair.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from January 2020 to October 2021 was performed. Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for labral repair in the outpatient setting were included. Indexed TDABC data from Avant-garde Health's analytics platform were used to represent cost-of-care breakdowns. Patients in the top decile of cost were defined as high cost, and cost category variance was determined as a percent increase between high and low cost. Analyses tested for associations between preoperative and perioperative factors with total cost. Surgical procedures performed concomitantly to labral repair were included in subanalyses.RESULTS: Data from 151 patients were analyzed. Consumables made up 61% of total outpatient cost with surgical personnel costs (30%) being the second largest category. The average total cost was 19% higher for patients in the top decile of cost compared to the remainder of the cohort. Factors contributing to this difference were implants (36% higher), surgical personnel (20% higher), and operating room (OR)consumables (15% higher). Multivariate linear regression modeling indicated that OR time (Standardized beta= 0.504; P < .001) and anchor quantity (standardized beta= 0.443; P < .001) were significant predictors of increased cost. Femoroplasty (Unstandardized beta= 15.274; P= .010), chondroplasty (Unstandardized beta= 8.860; P= .009), excision of os acetabuli (unstandardized beta= 13.619; P= .041), and trochanteric bursectomy (Unstandardized beta= 21.176; P= .009) were also all independently associated with increasing operating time.CONCLUSIONS: TDABC analysis showed that OR consumables and implants were the largest drivers of cost for the procedure. OR time was also shown to be a significant predictor of increased costs.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, economic analysis.",
+        "output": "Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis Identifies Use of Consumables and Operating Room Time as Factors Associated With Increased Cost of Outpatient Primary Hip Arthroscopic Labral Repair.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The additive log-ratio (alr) transformation is recommended as one of the most robust data transformations for multivariate analysis of archaeometric compositional data. However, alr and other transformations are not mutually exclusive and can be combined to assess different aspects of an archaeometric data set, such as the addition of temper, post-depositional effects in pottery and associated archaeological implications. This study presents a comparative analysis of a multi-element data set of pottery from Lago Grande and Osvaldo archaeological sites in the Central Amazon, which are considered a microcosm of the region. The concentrations of nine chemical elements (La, Lu, Yb, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Sc, and Th) measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were subjected to alr transformation, prior to chemical fingerprinting by cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results were compared to a previous work using the log10 transformation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test for statistical differences between the chemical groups, and self-organizing maps (SOMs), a type of artificial neural network, were used for comparison due to their advantage of not depending on any specific data distribution assumption. In general, the results suggest the existence of socio-cultural interactions between Lago Grande and Osvaldo, which could have occurred through trade, exogamic marriage and territory sharing. In a broader perspective, the exchange networks corroborated by the results favor theories that minimize the role of ecological constraints in the emergence of social complexity and sedentary occupations in the Amazon region.",
-        "output": "Comparison of log-ratio and log10 chemical elemental data analysis of Central Amazonian pottery and archaeological implications",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students.METHODS: We used repeated cross-sectional data of high school students from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey across 41 states from 1999 to 2019. Using a difference-in-differences approach with an event study design, we compared changes in past-year physical TDV in states that enacted TDV laws (n=21) compared to states with no required laws (n=20). Analyses accounted for clustering at the state-level and state and year-fixed effects. We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings.RESULTS: In our sample of 1,240,211 students, the prevalence of past-year physical TDV was 9.2% across all state-years. In 1999, the prevalence of TDV at the state-level ranged from 7.5 to 13.0%; in 2019, the prevalence ranged from 3.7 to 10.5%. There was no significant association between TDV laws and past-year physical TDV. Six or more waves after enactment, we observed a non-significant 1.7% percentage point reduction in TDV in states with TDV laws (95% CI: -3.6 to 0.3 percentage points; p=0.10).CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.",
+        "output": "State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Car production hit nearly 90 million in 2023, growing 9% year-on-year. But for 2024, the industry faces challenges with high inventories and muted demand, leading to intense pricing competition that squeezes profits.European manufacturers expect a significant 20-25% drop in earnings in 2024. Meanwhile, suppliers could suffer due to destocking after chip shortage years.Chinese carmakers, benefiting from strong exports in 2023, are set to grow further in 2024, potentially gaining more market share. In contrast, global carmakers might lose ground in China by 5-10%.Non-Chinese manufacturers and suppliers are likely to see minimal or negative growth in 2024.\u201cGlobal legacy OEMs and their suppliers are the relative losers of this trend, which comes on top of their market share losses in China.\u201d Wrote analysts at UBS in a note.UBS projects a 1.4% increase in global car production for 2024, reaching 91 million vehicles. This forecast surpasses 2019 levels and nears the peak years of 2016-18.The electric vehicle market might slow in the US and Europe due to reduced subsidies and limited affordable options. However, Chinese sales of NEVs could surge by over 30%. Globally, UBS predicts a 24% jump in EV sales, reaching a 19% market share.",
-        "output": "Despite a 9% growth in car production to 90 million in 2023, the industry faces challenges in 2024 due to high inventories, muted demand, and intense pricing competition, leading to a projected 20-25% drop in earnings for European manufacturers. Chinese carmakers are expected to gain market share, while global carmakers may lose ground in China by 5-10%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Microorganisms are crucial elements of terrestrial ecosystems, which play significant roles in improving soil physicochemical properties, providing plant growth nutrients, degrading toxic and harmful chemicals, and biogeochemical cycling. Variations in the types and quantities of root exudates among different plants greatly alter soil physicochemical properties and result in variations in the diversity, structure, and function of soil microorganisms. Not much is understood about the differences of soil fungi and archaea communities for different plant communities in coastal wetlands, and their response mechanisms to environmental changes. In this study, fungal and archaea communities in soils of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands were selected for research. Soil fungi and archaea were analyzed for diversity, community structure, and function using high throughput ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed significant differences in fungi and archaea's diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three plant communities. At the same time, there is no significant difference in the functional groups. SOM, TP, AP, MC, EC and SOM, TN, TP, AP, MC, EC are the primary environmental determinants affecting changes in soil fungal and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the diversity, community structure, and ecological functions of fungi and archaea can be used as indicators characterizing the impact of external disturbances on the soil environment, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective utilization of soil microbial resources, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and health promotion.",
+        "output": "Floristic changes and environmental drivers of soil fungi and archaea in different salt-tolerant plant communities in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The article focuses on the stratigraphy of the late Byzantine pavement of the Southwest Church, Umm el-Jimal, Jordan and the production technology of their mortars by applying thin section petrography, x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Investigations revealed the similarity between the studied pavement and standard Roman mosaic pavements. The pavement consists of four layers (statumen, rudus, nucleus and bedding), but lacks the tessellatum layer. The statumen was constructed using large stones and then leveled by soil and pebbles, while the other three layers are composed of lime-based mortars formed by two different recipes. The white-beige non-hydraulic mortar of the bedding layer consists of a lime binder and aggregates of scoria and organic fibers, and a Binder:Aggregate (B:A) ratio of 1:2. The grey hydraulic mortars of the rudus and nucleus are mixtures of lime and silica-rich silt/clay, fine sand, volcanic rocks, ceramics, and charcoal; and B:A ratios of 1:4. The rudus and nucleus mortars have high values of hydraulic and cementation indices, reflecting their hydraulic properties, which most probably originated from the reaction between lime, ceramic and volcanic inclusions. In contrast, lack of ceramic and absence of the reactions between lime and scoria of the bedding layer probably produced a mortar with low values of hydraulic and cementation indices, but durable and resistant to weight load.",
-        "output": "The pavement layers of the Southwest Church of Umm el-Jimal, Jordan: stratigraphy and archaeometric characterization",
+        "input": "In his book World-Centred Education, Biesta discusses two themes fundamental for the emergence of subjectivity as a desirable existential humane state of being and for an education that aims to achieve it. The first theme is about freedom and the importance of distancing education and teaching from any act of objectifying students. The second theme concerns the world, its limitations on freedom, and its central role in educational events, which aim to help students fulfill their subjectivity. However, when he analyzes three historical cases to conceptualize and demonstrate his ideas regarding subjectivity and education as subjectification, Biesta seems to focus more on the role of the first theme than the second. This imbalance does not give the world the proper place Biesta's theory itself inspires to provide, as first and foremost expressed in the book's title. This article proposes an alternative reading of the book's theory regarding subjectivity, freedom, the world, and their interrelationships. The suggested reading gives the world a more central role in the emergence of events of subjectivity without harming freedom and thus changes how we can analyze the three cases and how to understand and generate education and teaching aiming at subjectification.",
+        "output": "Subjectivity as the Purpose of Education and Teaching",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "To evaluate the effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) status or severity on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among diabetic older adults in the United States using the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) follow-up mortality data. The severity of DR was graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grading scale. Multiple covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, Fine and Gray competing risk regression models, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were used to assess the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes. All analyses adopted the weighted data and complex stratified design approach proposed by the NHANES guidelines. Time to death was calculated based on the time between baseline and date of death or December 31, 2019, whichever came first. Ultimately 1077 participants, representing 3,025,316 US non-hospitalized individuals with diabetes, were included in the final analysis. After a median follow-up of 12.24years (IQR, 11.16-13.49), 379 participants were considered deceased from all-causes, with 43.90% suffering from DR, including mild DR (41.50%), moderate to severe DR (46.77%), and proliferative DR (PDR) (67.21%). DR was associated with increased all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM)-specific mortality, which remained consistent after propensity score matching (PSM). Results of DR grading assessment suggested that the presence of mild, moderate to severe NPDR was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality, while the presence and severity of any DR was associated with increased DM-specific mortality, with a positive trend. The presence of DR in elderly individuals with diabetes is significantly associated with the elevated all-cause and CVD mortality. The grading or severity of DR may reflect the severity of cardiovascular disease status and overall mortality risk in patients with diabetes.",
-        "output": "Association of diabetic retinopathy on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.",
+        "input": "Objective. The percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure, which relies on preoperative CT (Computed Tomography) images, is considered the gold standard for determining the benign or malignant nature of lung masses. However, the traditional lung puncture procedure has several issues, including long operation times, a high probability of complications, and high exposure to CT radiation for the patient, as it relies heavily on the surgeon's clinical experience. Approach. To address these problems, a multi-constrained objective optimization model based on clinical criteria for the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure has been proposed. Additionally, based on fuzzy optimization, a multidimensional spatial Pareto front algorithm has been developed for optimal path selection. The algorithm finds optimal paths, which are displayed on 3D images, and provides reference points for clinicians' surgical path planning. Main results. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, 25 data sets collected from the Second People's Hospital of Zigong were used for prospective and retrospective experiments. The results demonstrate that 92% of the optimal paths generated by the algorithm meet the clinicians' surgical needs. Significance. The algorithm proposed in this paper is innovative in the selection of mass target point, the integration of constraints based on clinical standards, and the utilization of multi-objective optimization algorithm. Comparison experiments have validated the better performance of the proposed algorithm. From a clinical standpoint, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a higher clinical feasibility of the proposed pathway than related studies, which reduces the dependency of the physician's expertise and clinical experience on pathway planning during the percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure.",
+        "output": "Path planning algorithm for percutaneous puncture lung mass biopsy procedure based on the multi-objective constraints and fuzzy optimization",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Redburn analysts cut the rating on Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) stock to Neutral with a price target of $200 per share price target.This is now the third analyst to lower their rating on Apple\u2019s stock this year as Barclays and Piper Sandler downgraded last week. Moreover, DA Davidson initiated research coverage with a Neutral rating last week.While anticipating a return to iPhone growth in CY24, analysts acknowledge limited upside potential in the coming years, with a potentially underwhelming March quarter affecting confidence in this outlook. \u201cEach of the two parts of the business [Products and Services] faces some challenges that we believe will limit any further multiple expansion for each of the components,\u201d the analysts said in a note.Simultaneously, escalating regulatory risks may impede Apple's ecosystem monetization. \u201cWhile any regulatory developments are unlikely to translate into a financial impact in the next couple of years, growing awareness of Apple\u2019s exposure here will likely pressure the multiple that investors are willing to place on the Services business, in our view.\u201dThe analysts also noted that AAPL\u2019s P/E ratio is now surpassing Nike's for the first time for an extended period. Hence, the valuation \u201cnow appears full.\u201d\u201cLooking ahead, we forecast Services\u2019 contribution to EPS to continue to increase, but only relatively modestly, reaching 49% at YE26 compared to 46% currently. As a result, we see limited potential for further multiple expansion from evolving business mix,\u201d the analysts wrote.Apple stock is trading relatively unchanged in early Wednesday trade. It fell 0.2% yesterday.",
-        "output": "Redburn analysts downgraded Apple (AAPL) to Neutral with a $200 price target, citing limited upside potential due to challenges in both Products and Services segments, escalating regulatory risks, and a high P/E ratio.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: Gaps still exist in medical education about the sexual health needs of sexual diverse populations, and little is known about how translatable current learning modules are to patient encounters. Efforts at an academic medical institution have been made to address this need, including a two-hour adolescent sexuality workshop during the Core Clerkship in Pediatrics. This workshop's efficacy was evaluated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given to rising fourth-year medical students, where the standardized patient case focused on an adolescent cisgender male with dysuria and in a new, same-sex relationship.METHODS: Performance of students who completed the workshop prior to the OSCE (n= 48) were compared to those of students who did not participate in the workshop prior to the OSCE (n= 17). The encounters were recorded and transcribed, and the deidentified transcripts were scored on a rubric focusing on five domains: sexual identity disclosure, behavioral assessment, psychosocial history, counseling and anticipatory guidance, and relationship building.RESULTS: Student's t-test comparison of the scores found significantly higher scores for the psychosocial history domain (p= .04), particularly concerning disclosure of a new boyfriend and recent sexual activity (p= .008), for students who had the workshop before the OSCE.DISCUSSION: Students who took the adolescent sexuality workshop performed better in gathering psychosocial information in an OSCE encounter a sexual minority adolescent. These results affirm prior work that active learning on sexual diverse health in medical school curricula may prepare students for effective engagement with adolescents exploring their sexuality.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the Impact of an Adolescent Sexuality Education Workshop on Medical Student Communication in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ATLANTA - Marine Products Corporation (NYSE: NYSE:MPX), known for manufacturing fiberglass boats, is set to release its fourth-quarter financial results for the period ending December 31, 2023, on January 25, 2024, before the market opens. The announcement will be followed by a conference call at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the same day to discuss the company's financial and operating performance.The call is open to participants by dialing toll-free for U.S. callers or an international number for those outside the U.S., using the conference ID provided. Additionally, a live webcast of the conference will be available on the company's investor relations website and archived for 90 days post-call.Marine Products Corporation, which trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker MPX, produces a range of high-quality fiberglass boats, including Chaparral's SSi Sportboats, SSX Luxury Sportboats, and SURF Series, as well as OSX Luxury Sportboats and SSi Outboard Bowriders. The Robalo brand offers sport fishing models such as Center Consoles, Dual Consoles, and Cayman Bay Boats. The company emphasizes product innovation as a means to diversify its product lines.The information is based on a press release statement from the company.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Marine Products Corporation (MPX) will release its Q4 2023 financial results on January 25, 2024, before market open, followed by a conference call at 8:00 a.m. ET. The company manufactures fiberglass boats under the Chaparral, Robalo, and OSX brands, emphasizing product innovation for diversification.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Until the 17th century, the Dutch coastal region of Zeeland ranked among Europe's most urbanized areas, driven by thriving international trade networks. People living in this time of flourishing economy benefitted enormously from it in terms of employment opportunities and working conditions, which were reportedly better than in the rest of the Low Countries. However, the rapid growth of Zeeland's urban centers likely presented increasing challenges for the population in terms of accessing essential resources, including food, clean water, and housing. In the 19th century, Zeeland's economy ultimately faced a significant downturn due to the decline in the maritime trade, leading to a substantial reduction in its urban population. Examining patterns of urbanization and economic histories that differ from the commonly studied thriving industrial contexts in bioarcheological research, as exemplified by Zeeland, is a crucial yet relatively underexplored facet in our efforts to understanding the human past. To address this gap, this study investigates the impact of urbanization on the health of Zeeland's inhabitants over time by analyzing nonspecific stress markers (i.e., cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia) and chronic maxillary sinusitis in a sample of 246 individuals from three urban sites dating from 1030 to 1800 CE. Our analysis of skeletal remains reveals significant differences in the prevalence of porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis between the medieval and post-medieval periods. These findings suggest that de-urbanization and economic decline adversely affected the health and well-being of the populations under study, influenced by factors such as working conditions and food availability. This study provides a new perspective on bioarcheological approaches to urbanization, shedding light on the intricate realities of urbanization in Zeeland and offering important insights into its complexities.",
+        "output": "The urban sea: Cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, and sinusitis in three diachronic urban sites from the Dutch province of Zeeland (1030-1800 CE)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "India looks for greater market access on a reciprocal basis for its alcoholic beverages while negotiating free trade agreements (FTAs), a senior government official said on Thursday.Additional Secretary in the Commerce Ministry, Rajesh Agrawal, said that demand for Indian spirits is growing in the world.\"On the market access point of view, it is on a reciprocal basis. If we are opening up our market in any way...we also try to look for market access in other countries,\" he told reporters here.The remarks assume significance as India is negotiating a free trade agreement with the UK and the European Union (EU). Cutting customs duties in the sector is one of the key demands of these countries.\"This is one of the areas (where) we are trying to negotiate upon and...we are trying to see that the duty concessions that are required in various destinations, we get (that),\" he said.He added that the condition that for a product to qualify as a whisky, it must be matured for a period not less than three years has not yet been resolved.The definition of what classifies as \"Scotch\" whiskey remains a sticky point.The Indian industry claims that because of the warm climate in India, the product matures in one year and gives the same outcome.\"The debate is still on whether we should brand it as Indian whiskey or look for a Scotch (brand)...International law in many countries prohibits that (one-year thing). It is an unresolved issue,\" he added.According to the alcoholic beverages makers' body Confederation of Indian Alcoholic Beverage Companies (CIABC), it has been highlighted several times, along with scientific substantiations, that such long maturation is not applicable under a warm Indian climate.",
-        "output": "India seeks reciprocal market access for its alcoholic beverages in FTA negotiations, aiming to increase exports and address the unresolved issue of whiskey maturation time due to India's warm climate.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Community-acquired pneumonia continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease. The aetiologies, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options are changing and outpacing the creation of management guidelines. This educational article summarizes a roundtable activity sponsored by an unrestricted educational grant by Paratek that included US experts discussing these changes and identifying gaps in the current guidelines.",
+        "output": "Community-acquired pneumonia: a US perspective on the guideline gap.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK \u2013 Net Lease Office Properties (NYSE: NLOP) has completed the sale of four U.S. office properties in December 2023, for a total of approximately $43.1M in gross proceeds. The properties, located in Arizona, Michigan, and Minnesota, were sold as part of the company's portfolio management strategy.The largest sale was of a property in Tucson, Arizona, leased to Raytheon (NYSE:RTN) Corporation, an aerospace and defense company, which fetched $24.6M for 143,650 square feet of space. In Dearborn, Michigan, an office property occupied by Carhartt, Inc., an apparel and accessories firm, sold for $9.8M covering 58,722 square feet. AVL Michigan Holding Corporation, an auto parts and equipment company, had its Plymouth, Michigan location sold for $6.2M with 70,000 square feet involved. The smallest sale was in Eagan, Minnesota, where a property leased to BCBSM, Inc. (Blue Cross Blue Shield), a managed healthcare provider, went for $2.5M for 29,916 square feet.The net proceeds from these transactions, after closing costs, were used to repay debts. Approximately $46M was directed towards a senior secured mortgage and about $6M towards a mezzanine loan with J.P. Morgan, leaving outstanding balances of approximately $289M and $114M, respectively.Following the divestitures, NLOP's portfolio consists of 55 office properties, with 50 located in the U.S. and five in Europe. The company specializes in high-quality office properties leased to corporate tenants primarily on a single-tenant net lease basis.This strategic move aligns with NLOP's focus on managing a portfolio that meets their operational and financial objectives. The information for this article is based on a press release statement from Net Lease Office Properties.In light of Net Lease Office Properties' recent portfolio management activities, a glance at real-time data from InvestingPro reveals some pertinent financial metrics. The company's market capitalization stands at $14.59B, with a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 18.47, indicating how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings. An adjusted P/E ratio for the last twelve months as of Q3 2023 is slightly higher at 23.74, which could suggest expectations of future earnings growth.InvestingPro Tips for Net Lease Office Properties highlight a high earnings quality, with free cash flow surpassing net income, and a consistent increase in earnings per share. These factors are crucial for investors assessing the company's profitability and operational efficiency. Moreover, the company has not only maintained dividend payments for 26 consecutive years but also boasts impressive gross profit margins of 92.39% for the last twelve months as of Q3 2023, which is indicative of its financial health and ability to manage costs effectively.For readers interested in deeper analysis, there are additional InvestingPro Tips available, providing more nuanced insights into the company's financial performance and market position. Subscribing to InvestingPro now comes with a special Cyber Monday sale, offering a discount of up to 60%. Plus, use coupon code ProW345 to get an additional 10% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription. This is an opportune moment to leverage these insights for informed investment decisions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Net Lease Office Properties (NLOP) sold four U.S. office properties in December 2023 for $43.1M, using the proceeds to repay $46M in senior secured mortgage and $6M in mezzanine loan, leaving outstanding balances of $289M and $114M, respectively. NLOP's portfolio now consists of 55 office properties, with 50 in the U.S. and five in Europe.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring technologies show potential to help health professionals deliver preventative interventions which can avoid hospital admissions and allow patients to remain in a home setting.AIMS: To assess whether an Internet of Things (IoT) driven remote monitoring technology, used in the care pathway of community dementia patients in North Warwickshire improved access to care for patients and cost effectiveness.METHOD: Patient level changes to anonymised retrospective healthcare utilisation data were analysed alongside costs.RESULTS: Urgent care decreased following use of an IoT driven remote monitoring technology; one preventative intervention avoided an average of three urgent interventions. A Chi-Square test showing this change as significant. Estimates show annualised service activity avoidance of 201,583 for the cohort; 8764 per patient.CONCLUSIONS: IoT driven remote monitoring had a positive impact on health utilisation and cost avoidance. Future expansion of the cohort will allow for validation of the results and consider the impact of the technology on patient health outcomes and staff workflows.",
+        "output": "Initial evaluation of a technologyenabled change in delivery of the dementia service during COVID-19 in North Warwickshire.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 15 (IANS)  Yes Bank  (NS:YESB) posted the highest percentage increase in market capitalization among Indian banks in the quarter ended December 31, 2023. Market capitalization for the lender rose 24.4 per cent to Rs 616.94 billion from October to December, helping Yes Bank move two slots higher to 14th position in the list of top 20 Indian banks by market cap, according to S&P Global (NYSE:SPGI) Market Intelligence data & analysis.In terms of market cap percentage growth,  Punjab National Bank  (NS:PNBK) was just behind Yes Bank with a quarterly increase of 19.4 per cent to 1.054 trillion in the three months ended December 31, 2023.This saw it gain one spot from a quarter ago, to eighth position on the top 20 list, which had  HDFC Bank Ltd . (NS:HDBK) at its top.Overall, 14 of the 20 largest banks in India reported gains in market capitalization in the October-to-December quarter, eight of them with double-digit increases, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence data.The top seven Indian banks retained their market cap ranking during the quarter, with HDFC Bank Ltd. cementing its lead as the biggest Indian lender.  ICICI Bank Ltd . (NS:ICBK) retained its second spot in the market cap ranking, while  State Bank of India  (NS:SBI), the biggest Indian lender by assets, was third by market capitalization.Some state-owned lenders posted declines in their market cap in the quarter. These included  UCO Bank  (NS:UCBK) with a 8.7 per cent fall and  Indian Overseas Bank  (NS:IOBK) with a 7.4 per cent drop, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence data.--IANSbiz/san/dpb",
-        "output": "Yes Bank witnessed the highest market capitalization growth of 24.4% among Indian banks in Q4 2023, moving up to the 14th position, while Punjab National Bank followed with a 19.4% increase, securing the 8th position.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "INTRODUCTION: Social norms play an important role in cannabis use; however, there is little evidence on how social norms change in jurisdictions that legalize cannabis. This study examined trends in social norms before and after legalization of nonmedical cannabis in Canada in 2018.METHODS: Data are from the International Cannabis Policy Study, a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted annually with Canadian respondents aged 16-65 years. Analyses were conducted in 2023 and included data from 58,045 respondents across 4 waves: the year immediately before legalization (2018) and 3 post-legalization waves (2019-2021). Regression models examined trends in injunctive norms (perceived approval of cannabis) and comfort in using cannabis in six different social contexts, adjusting for cannabis use frequency, medical authorization, and sociodemographic covariates.RESULTS: Perceived social approval of cannabis use and comfort using cannabis in different social contexts was highest among males, frequent cannabis consumers, and those who reported medical authorization (p<0.05 in all cases). No changes in perceived approval were observed across years, except a temporary decrease in 2020 versus 2018 (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.80, 0.95). Modest increases in comfort of using cannabis in 6 different social contexts were observed in 2019 (SS=0.10, p=0.001), 2020 (SS=0.10, p=0.001), and 2021 (SS=0.12, p<0.001) versus in 2018.CONCLUSIONS: Social norms have remained relatively stable after nonmedical legalization in Canada, with only modest increases in comfort of using cannabis in different social settings. The findings may reflect widespread cannabis use in Canada prior to nonmedical legalization in 2018 as well as comprehensive restrictions on promotion and advertising.",
+        "output": "Social Norms for Cannabis Use After Nonmedical Legalization in Canada.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: This review aimed to quantify the impact of socioeconomic status on functional outcomes from stroke and identify the socioeconomic status indicators that exhibit the highest magnitude of association.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic literature search across Medline and Embase from inception to May 2022, to identify observational studies (n\u2265100, and in English). Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. We included 19 studies (157715 patients, 47.7% women) reporting functional outcomes measured with modified Rankin Scale or Barthel index, with 10 assessed as low risk of bias. Measures of socioeconomic status reported were education (11 studies), income (8), occupation (4), health insurance status (3), and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (3). Pooled data suggested that low socioeconomic status was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes, including incomplete education or below high school level versus high school attainment and above (odds ratio [OR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40-1.95]), lowest income versus highest income (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.02-1.83]), a manual job/being unemployed versus a nonmanual job/working (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.29-2.02]), and living in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhood versus the least disadvantaged (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.25-1.92]). Low health insurance status was also associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.95-1.84]), although this was association was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Despite great strides in stroke treatment in the past decades, social disadvantage remains a risk factor for poor functional outcome after an acute stroke. Further research is needed to better understand causal mechanisms and disparities.",
-        "output": "Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Functional Outcomes After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are among the most common bacterial infections in primary care. Given the health threats related to the overuse of antibiotics, alternative options are of increasing importance. Patient-reported outcome measures are valuable tools for including the patients' perspective when evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. Aiming to identify a suitable instrument to measure the severity and bothersomeness of UTI symptoms in women, we performed a systematic review of the literature and identified the Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score (HCUTI), which measures the severity, bothersomeness, and impact of uncomplicated UTIs on daily activities. This instrument showed sufficient content validity but needs translation and further validation before it can be used in German research.OBJECTIVE: For use in the German setting, we aim (1) to perform translation and linguistic validation of the HCUTI and (2) to evaluate content validity and psychometric properties of the German version of the HCUTI in a population of women with uncomplicated UTIs.METHODS: The HCUTI will be translated and linguistically validated using the dual-panel method. This process involves a bilingual translation panel and a lay panel to check the comprehensibility of the translation. Content validity of the translated questionnaire will be assessed using cognitive interviews according to the criteria for good content validity as recommended by the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) group involving women with uncomplicated UTIs and health care professionals. Subsequent psychometric validation of the German version of the HCUTI in a population of women with uncomplicated UTIs will include the assessment of structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability.RESULTS: Results of the translation and linguistic validation process and the results of the content validity study were obtained in September 2023 and will be published separately. Data on the psychometric properties of the German version of the HCUTI are anticipated in mid-2024.CONCLUSIONS: We expect that data from the content validity study will provide important suggestions for potential modifications of the HCUTI for use in the German setting. The final version of the questionnaire will be used for the assessment of its psychometric properties in a large population of women with uncomplicated UTIs.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/49903.",
+        "output": "Content Validity and Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Protocol for a Validation Study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Equity benchmark indices Sensex and Nifty buckled under selling pressure for the second straight session on Thursday as a bearish trend in global markets amid escalating geopolitical uncertainties unnerved investors.Besides, disappointing quarterly earnings numbers and revenue forecast from IT services company Wipro also weighed on investor sentiments, traders said.Metal, energy and power stocks witnessed selling pressure while buying in auto and consumer durable counters capped the losses.The 30-share BSE Sensex fell 247.78 points or 0.38 per cent to settle at 65,629.24 points. During the day, it plunged 533.52 points or 0.80 per cent to 65,343.50 points.The Nifty declined 46.40 points or 0.24 per cent to 19,624.70 points.\u201cAmid increasing global political strain, US treasury yield, and underwhelming IT earnings, the domestic market continued to trade with a minor cut. However, some optimism was evident in the equity market given global efforts to stabilise the West Asia conflict, which deescalated the crude price trend.\u201cAuto sector stocks outperformed, driven by Q2 results outcome. Investors are closely monitoring the Q2 earnings season, US Fed chair speak and West Asia developments,\u201d said Vinod Nair, Head of Research at Geojit Financial Services.Among the Sensex firms, Wipro fell nearly 3 per cent after the company reported an almost flat consolidated net profit at Rs 2,667.3 crore for the September quarter, trailing street expectations.It has also projected up to 3.5 per cent fall in revenue in the current quarter due to a weak global economic outlook and uncertain business environment.NTPC, Tech Mahindra, JSW Steel, Bharti Airtel, Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and Reliance Industries were among the other major laggards.",
-        "output": "Indian equity benchmarks Sensex and Nifty declined for the second consecutive session due to global market weakness, geopolitical uncertainties, and disappointing earnings from Wipro, with the Sensex closing at 65,629.24 points and the Nifty at 19,624.70 points.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively identify and map an exhaustive list of value criteria for the assessment of next-generation sequencing/comprehensive genomic profiling (NGS/CGP), to be used as an aid in decision making.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify existing value frameworks (VFs) applicable to any type of healthcare technology. VFs and criteria were mapped to a previously published Latin American (LA) VF to harmonize definitions and identify additional criteria and or subcriteria. Based on this analysis, we extracted a comprehensive, evidence-based list of criteria and subcriteria to be considered in the design of a NGS/CGP VF.RESULTS: A total of 42 additional VFs were compared with the LA VF, 88% were developed in high-income countries, 30% targeted genomic testing, and 16% specifically targeted oncology. A total of 242 criteria and subcriteria were extracted; 227 (94%) were fully/partially included in the LA VF; and 15 (6%) were new. Clinical benefit and economic aspects were the most common criteria. VFs oriented to genomic testing showed significant overlap with other VFs. Considering all criteria and subcriteria, a total of 18 criteria and 36 individual subcriteria were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides an evidence-based set of criteria and subcriteria for healthcare decision making useful for NGS/CGP as well as other health technologies. The resulting list can be beneficial to inform decision making and will serve as a foundation to co-create a multistakeholder NGS/CGP VF that is aligned with the needs and values of health systems and could help to improve patient access to high-value technologies.",
+        "output": "A Systematic Review of Value Criteria for Next-Generation Sequencing/Comprehensive Genomic Profiling to Inform Value Framework Development.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.",
-        "output": "Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.",
+        "input": "Lossless and near-lossless image compression is of paramount importance to professional users in many technical fields, such as medicine, remote sensing, precision engineering and scientific research. But despite rapidly growing research interests in learning-based image compression, no published method offers both lossless and near-lossless modes. In this paper, we propose a unified and powerful deep lossy plus residual (DLPR) coding framework for both lossless and near-lossless image compression. In the lossless mode, the DLPR coding system first performs lossy compression and then lossless coding of residuals. We solve the joint lossy and residual compression problem in the approach of VAEs, and add autoregressive context modeling of the residuals to enhance lossless compression performance. In the near-lossless mode, we quantize the original residuals to satisfy a given l(infinity) error bound, and propose a scalable near-lossless compression scheme that works for variable l(infinity) bounds instead of training multiple networks. To expedite the DLPR coding, we increase the degree of algorithm parallelization by a novel design of coding context, and accelerate the entropy coding with adaptive residual interval. Experimental results demonstrate that the DLPR coding system achieves both the state-of-the-art lossless and near-lossless image compression performance with competitive coding speed.",
+        "output": "Deep Lossy Plus Residual Coding for Lossless and Near-Lossless Image Compression",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite mounting attention in recent years, health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance are not new. Antimicrobial resistance has dogged infectious disease treatment processes since the first modern antimicrobials were discovered.",
-        "output": "A Brief History of Antimicrobial Resistance.",
+        "input": "In this paper, I aim to discuss what puns, metaphysically, are. I argue that the type-token view of words leads to an indeterminacy problem when we consider puns. I then outline an alternative account of puns, based on recent nominalist views of words, that does not suffer from this indeterminacy.",
+        "output": "The metaphysics of puns",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Axiomatic proof/refutation systems for the paraconsistent modal logics: KN4 and KN4.D are presented. The completeness proofs boil down to showing that every sequent is either provable or refutable. By constructing finite tree-type countermodels from refutations, the refined characterizations of these logics by classes of finite tree-type frames are established. The axiom systems also provide decision procedures for these logics.",
-        "output": "Refutations and Proofs in the Paraconsistent Modal Logics: KN4 and KN4.D",
+        "input": "Objective: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a set of diseases that originate from neuroendocrine cells, which comprises a diffuse endocrine system present in various organs of the body. These tumors are more frequent in the gastrointestinal tract (70%) and the bronchopulmonary system (20%-30%). A NET incidence rate of 1-5 per 100,000 inhabitants has been estimated for several European countries and the USA employing 20 years of data. However, no comprehensive studies on this rare neoplasm are available in Brazil. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological NET profile in the country.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive observational study based on data from Hospital Cancer Records available at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and the Sao Paulo Oncocentro Foundation. Demographic, clinical and treatmentrelated variables were analyzed from selected cases employing descriptive statistics.Results and Conclusion: A total of 15,859 cases were identified, most occurring in males (53.4%) and in individuals under 65 years old (63.3%). Small cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (46.7%). Bronchopulmonary tumors were the most frequent NETs, followed by pancreatic tumors, with cases mostly concentrated in high complexity centers in the Brazilian Southeast and treated mainly with surgery and chemotherapy, with over half of the patients diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease.",
+        "output": "Epidemiological profile of neuroendocrine tumors in adults in Brazil.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WASHINGTON - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) recent approval of multiple spot Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) has ignited a rally in Bitcoin's value, with the cryptocurrency market also buzzing with speculation regarding potential Ethereum ETFs. This significant regulatory nod, which occurred between Tuesday and Wednesday, has intensified competition among ETF issuers, as they vie to attract investors through various fee strategies.In the wake of the SEC's decision, Bitwise Asset Management has emerged with some of the most competitive pricing, setting its ETF fees at just 0.20%. Meanwhile, Grayscale, a long-standing player in the digital asset space, continues to command a higher fee structure, maintaining a rate of 1.5%.The competitive landscape has prompted new entrants to offer fee waivers on initial assets in an effort to establish a foothold in the burgeoning market. This strategy is not limited to newcomers, as established financial giants such as Fidelity and iShares are also recalibrating their fee structures to maintain their competitive edge.Investors are now weighing their options more carefully, with fee structures and the reputation of issuers playing a pivotal role in investment decisions. The market's attention is also fixed on the SEC's position regarding Ethereum, as its classification remains uncertain. This ambiguity directly impacts the anticipation and planning for Ethereum ETFs, which could follow Bitcoin's lead should the SEC provide a favorable ruling.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The SEC's approval of multiple spot Bitcoin ETFs has sparked a rally in Bitcoin's value, with issuers like Bitwise Asset Management offering competitive fees as low as 0.20% to attract investors. The market awaits the SEC's decision on Ethereum ETFs, which could further boost the cryptocurrency market.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: Frailty and Circadian Syndrome (CircS) are prevalent among the elderly, yet the link between them remains underexplored. This study aims to examine the association between CircS and frailty, particularly focusing on the impact of various CircS components on frailty.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007 to 2018. The 49-item Frailty Index (FI) was employed to assess frailty. To understand the prevalence of CircS in relation to frailty, we applied three multivariate logistic regression models. Additionally, subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to investigate potential modifying factors.RESULTS: The study included 8,569 participants. In fully adjusted models, individuals with CircS showed a significantly higher risk of frailty compared to those without CircS (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.18, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.91-2.49, p<0.001). A trend of increasing frailty risk with greater CircS component was observed (trend test p<0.001). Age (p=0.01) and race (p=0.02) interactions notably influenced this association, although the direction of effect was consistent across subgroups. Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the strength of this relationship.CONCLUSION: This study identifies a strong positive correlation between CircS and frailty in the elderly. The risk of frailty escalates with an increasing number of CircS components. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between circadian syndrome and frailty in older adults, offering valuable insights for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies.",
+        "output": "The Association between Circadian Syndrome and Frailty in US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES Data from 2007 to 2018.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article contributes to the growing historical literature on the 'first globalization' (1815-1913) and income inequality in countries that exported agricultural products. International market integration is expected to increase the demand for exports and therefore their prices. We estimate the effects of increased prices from international market integration on national welfare and income inequality between and within regions in three major exporters of agricultural products-British India, Colonial Indonesia, and the United States-using the prices of eleven key primary commodities. Market integration significantly increased aggregate welfare, but the gains were unevenly distributed. Producing regions gained up to nearly 6% of their GDP. Since the regions that made most welfare gains were also the poorest in their countries, market integration mitigated inequality between regions. Within the southern United States and Java, plantation owners obtained most gains, causing a substantial increase in inequality between persons.",
-        "output": "Globalization, welfare, and inequality: Evidence from transoceanic market integration, 1815-1913",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Vascular pathologies of the head and neck are rare but can present as musculoskeletal problems. The International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) Cervical Framework (Framework) aims to assist evidence-based clinical reasoning for safe assessment and management of the cervical spine considering potential for vascular pathology. Clinical reasoning is critical to physiotherapy, and developing high-level clinical reasoning is a priority for postgraduate (post-licensure) educational programs.OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the Framework on clinical reasoning processes in postgraduate physiotherapy students.METHODS: Qualitative case study design using think aloud methodology and interpretive description, informed by COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research. Participants were postgraduate musculoskeletal physiotherapy students who learned about the Framework through standardized delivery. Two cervical spine cases explored clinical reasoning processes. Coding and analysis of transcripts were guided by Elstein's diagnostic reasoning components and the Postgraduate Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Practice model. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis (inductive and deductive) for individuals and then across participants, enabling analysis of key steps in clinical reasoning processes and use of the Framework. Trustworthiness was enhanced with multiple strategies (e.g., second researcher challenged codes).RESULTS: For all participants (n=8), the Framework supported clinical reasoning using primarily hypothetico-deductive processes. It informed vascular hypothesis generation in the patient history and testing the vascular hypothesis through patient history questions and selection of physical examination tests, to inform clarity and support for diagnosis and management. Most participant's clinical reasoning processes were characterized by high-level features (e.g., prioritization), however there was a continuum of proficiency. Clinical reasoning processes were informed by deep knowledge of the Framework integrated with a breadth of wider knowledge and supported by a range of personal characteristics (e.g., reflection).CONCLUSIONS: Findings support use of the Framework as an educational resource in postgraduate physiotherapy programs to inform clinical reasoning processes for safe and effective assessment and management of cervical spine presentations considering potential for vascular pathology. Individualized approaches may be required to support students, owing to a continuum of clinical reasoning proficiency. Future research is required to explore use of the Framework to inform clinical reasoning processes in learners at different levels.",
+        "output": "Use of the International IFOMPT Cervical Framework to inform clinical reasoning in postgraduate level physiotherapy students: a qualitative study using think aloud methodology.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We submitted a joint response to the Competition and Markets Authority's (CMA) consultation on its proposed market investigation into the UK veterinary services market for pets in April, following the initial review, which outlined a number of concerns.",
-        "output": "Ensuring the veterinary view cuts through.",
+        "input": "Numerous philosophers accept the differentiation condition, according to which one does not see an object unless one visually differentiates it from its immediate surroundings. This paper, however, sounds a sceptical note. Based on suggestions by Dretske (2007) and Gibson (2002 [1972]), I articulate two 'principles of occlusion' and argue that each principle admits of a reading on which it is both plausible and incompatible with the differentiation condition. To resolve the inconsistency, I suggest we abandon the differentiation condition.",
+        "output": "Perceptual occlusion and the differentiation condition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Torrent Power surged 13.5 per cent on the BSE to a fresh high of Rs 1,071.6 in Thursday\u2019s intra-day trade after the company signed Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) for projects worth Rs 47,350 crore with the Gujarat government.The four MoUs were signed between Torrent Power and Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) in Gandhinagar under the 10th edition of Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit.The MoUs entail setting 3,450 MW of solar power projects, 1,045 MW of hybrid power projects, associated infrastructure for 7,000 MW solar project, green hydrogen/green ammonia output facility and capex for distribution network.The management said Torrent Power intends to make a significant portion of its future investments across key national priorities of renewable generation, pump storage hydro projects, green hydrogen / green ammonia production and power distribution.Torrent Power is one of the largest companies in the country\u2019s power sector with presence across the entire power value chain \u2013 generation, transmission and distribution.For the first half of fiscal 2024, Torrent Power\u2019s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (Ebitda) improved to around Rs 2,406 crore from Rs 2,224 crore for the same period last year.This was on account of strong performance in the franchisee distribution business segment led by lowering of losses, increase in power demand across all distribution areas, contribution from acquired renewable assets and contribution from its 1,200 MW combined cycle gas power plant in Dahej, Gujarat.In terms of operating performance, plant load factor (PLF) of the company\u2019s lone thermal asset continued to operate at high levels in the first-half of fiscal 2024 as demand for power in the country continued to grow.Operating performance is likely to continue to improve in the current fiscal with steady recovery in the franchise distribution business, as per CRISL Ratings.It added that further focus on the licence distribution business with assured return on equity model, coupled with judicious expansion in renewable businesses, should help continued growth in Ebitda.The rating agency in a rationale said it understands the company may augment its generation capacity through the inorganic route to support the increasing demand in its distribution regions. Also, from a growth perspective, it might enter into new distribution areas.However, the management has guided to keep leverage and capital structures within the rating threshold on a sustainable basis. Conversion of any such opportunity to expand capacity or distribution area will be monitorable, it said.",
-        "output": "Torrent Power's shares surged 13.5% after signing MoUs worth Rs 47,350 crore with the Gujarat government for projects including 3,450 MW of solar power, 1,045 MW of hybrid power, and green hydrogen/ammonia production. The company's Ebitda improved to Rs 2,406 crore in the first half of fiscal 2024 due to strong performance in the franchisee distribution business and contribution from renewable assets.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Understanding the mechanism of iron gall ink corrosion and degradation is essential for the selection and implementation of a successful conservation treatment to ensure their preservation. Recipe reproduction and diagnostic analysis of corrosion products may assist to understand this mechanism. This study aims to reconstruct iron gall inks using the instruction mentioned in Byzantine and PostByzantine recipes, with natural ingredients comparable to pure compounds. The inks were applied on different substrates (paper, parchment) and submitted to thermal accelerated ageing. Artificially aged inks were examined with SEM-EDS that revealed the different formation of crystal deposits in paper and parchment, whereas suggested an increasing percentage of sulphur, corresponding to sulfate ions that accelerated catalytic acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, mu-Raman spectra indicate the possibility of the bond weakening between the ink molecules and elucidates the mechanism of iron gall inks degradation. An increase of fluorescence was also observed to ink degradation and excess amount of added organic compounds. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Iron gall ink from historical recipes on organic substrates and their study before and after accelerated ageing with \u03bc-RAMAN Spectroscopy and SEM-EDS",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Physicist Percy Bridgman has been taken by Heather Douglas to be an exemplar defender of an untenable value-free ideal for science. This picture is complicated by a detailed study of Bridgman's philosophical views of the relation between science and society. The normative autonomy of science, a version of the value-free ideal, is defended. This restriction on the provenance of permissible values in science is given a basis in Bridgman's broader philosophical commitments, most importantly, his view that science is primarily an individual commitment to a set of epistemic norms and values. Considerations of external moral or social values are not, on this view, intrinsic to scientific practice, though they have a broader pragmatic significance. What Bridgman takes as the proper relation between science and society is shown through analysis of his many writings on the topic and consideration of his rarely remarked upon involvement in the most problematic example of Big Science of his day: the atomic bomb. A reevaluation of Bridgman's views provides a unique characterization of what is at stake in the values in science debate: the normative autonomy of science.",
-        "output": "Bridgman and the normative independence of science: an individual physicist in the shadow of the bomb",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Washington State legislators have attempted to regulate high delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis to reduce cannabis-related harms. Historically, industry actors of other health-compromising products have influenced governments' adoption of evidence-based regulation policies. A better understanding of the industry rhetoric can be used by public health advocates to develop counterarguments and disseminate alternative narratives that protect the public's health. We analyzed the arguments used by cannabis industry actors opposing regulations to de-incentivize the availability and use of high-THC products in Washington State.METHOD: We analyzed 41 testimonies transcribed from 33 cannabis industry actors in 3 public bill hearings and one legislative work session that occurred between 2020 and 2023. Using a deductive thematic analysis, informed by industry actors' arguments opposing regulation of alcohol, tobacco, and high-sugar beverages, we developed a codebook to analyze and identify themes within cannabis industry rhetorical strategies.RESULTS: We identified three main rhetorical strategies used by cannabis industry actors to oppose THC content regulation: threaten, distract, discredit. The most frequently used rhetorical strategy was threats to economic benefits, public health, and the will of the people. The other two most apparent strategies were distracting from the bill's focus by introducing a tangential topic and discrediting the science that supported regulation of cannabis products with high THC concentration or its advocates.CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis industry actors have leveraged several arguments used by industry actors of other health-compromising products to undermine initiatives to advance public health. They have also adapted rhetoric from other industries to the unique conditions of the cannabis regulatory landscape.",
+        "output": "Threaten, Distract, and Discredit: Cannabis Industry Rhetoric to Defeat Regulation of High-THC Cannabis Products in Washington State.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "At 14.8 million, the highest number of investors in thecome from Maharashtra, a report citing data from NSE said on Friday. The state is followed by Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Gujarat with total investors at 8.94 million and 7.66 million, respectively. The total registered investors, as of December 25, stand at 84.9 million.According to a report by, UP has surpassed Gujarat to take the second position. The number of new investors from UP rose 33.8 per cent in 2023, higher than 17.2 per cent in Gujarat.The report also said that India added 10 million new investors in eight months. The surge in the number of investors can be attributed to a healthy performance by the Indian markets. Benchmark indices, Sensex and Nifty50, have touched new highs in 2023 on the back of robust macroeconomic data and hopes of rate cuts next year.Sensex has risen over 18 per cent this year. Nifty50 has jumped about 20 per cent. On Friday, as of noon, Sensex was trading at 72,306.48 points. It had started the year at just over 61,000. Nifty50 was trading at 21,740.95. The total market capitalisation of the Indian market has also crossed $4 trillion and was $4.32 trillion on December 29. It took just two-and-a-half years to hit $4 trillion after the market cap of all listed companies on the BSE touched the $3 trillion mark on May 24, 2021.The market capitalisation of BSE-listed companies has climbed sharply by Rs 80.62 trillion so far this year to reach an all-time high of Rs 3,63,00,558.07 crore.Reliance Industries is the country's most valued firm with a market valuation of Rs 17,63,001.81 crore, followed by Tata Consultancy Services (Rs 13,90,823.72 crore) and HDFC Bank (Rs 12,94,593.58 crore).Thereport also said that several other states have also seen a substantial rise in the number of investors. These include West Bengal, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. All these states now have an investor base of over 4.7 million people.",
-        "output": "Maharashtra leads with 14.8 million investors, followed by Uttar Pradesh (8.94 million) and Gujarat (7.66 million). India added 10 million new investors in eight months due to strong market performance, with Sensex and Nifty50 reaching new highs.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The objective of this paper is to integrate Urban Political Ecology (UPE) as a theory for identifying under-exposed urban dimensions of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). A UPE lens allows us to conceptualize urbanization as a ubiquitous socio-ecological process and an interpretive frame that could inform AMR governance strategies across related contexts by: a) situating AMR risks in relation to urbanization processes shaping social and political co-determinants of such systemic threats as climate change; b) aligning UPE scholarship with One Health (OH) approaches that address AMR to reveal the under-exposed link of AMR to environmental threats and broader structural dimensions that influence these threats; and c) identifying shared AMR and environmental governance pathways that inform the rationale for more equitable governance arrangements. We delineate a context in which the speed and scale of human activity in the larger context of urbanization, driven by global market integration strategies, impacts human-animal-environmental health threats such as AMR. We demonstrate how UPE scholarship can be leveraged to offer theoretical depth to approaches considering the interdependencies of AMR and climate change threats. We then propose a strategic approach focused on identifying shared governance pathways and intersectoral accountability frameworks to address upstream structural drivers of AM-Environmental threats. The co-benefits of a UPE-informed framework to human-animal-environmental health that leverages enabling policy environments to foster a more collaborative, equitable and sustainable approach to address systemic global health threats are clarified. Just as the concept of health in all policies emphasized taking health implications into account in all public policy development, the integration of UPE in AMR governance arrangements would emphasize the need to take other sectors into account through an intersectoral whole-of-government approach that fosters shared AMR - climate change governance pathways.",
+        "output": "The urban political ecology of antimicrobial resistance: A critical lens on integrative governance.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The potential scale of industrial outputs in the ancient world is often underestimated in current archaeological studies due to the lack of surviving artifacts for validation of the production scale. However, production traces left on extant artifacts can help us reconstruct production methods, and thus reveal the potential scale of production outputs of certain industries, even although there may not be a sufficient number of existing artifacts to demonstrate such volumes. The bronze bell casting industry operating in around 500 BCE in Xinzheng in Henan province, China, can be used as an example to demonstrate the then use by bell casters of the pattern-block method to efficiently create multiple bells sharing identical components. With their strong focus on efficiency, production speed, and low production costs, these casters intelligently designed assembly lines and assembled identical components replicated from models to prepare molds for casting. Knowledge of their production methods and currently preserved bells can provide evidence that the bell casting industry produced industrial outputs on a massive scale that was rare in the ancient world. This article also shows how innovative methods such as 3D model superimposition can be used to validate these hypotheses.",
-        "output": "Potential scale of industrial outputs of the bronze bell casting industry in 500 BCE China",
+        "input": "The development of digital technology and the sharing economy has extended corporations' innovative activities beyond the corporation's boundaries, so it has become more urgent to govern the lack of social responsibility and alienation of platform corporations from the perspective of social agents. First, the platform's CSR classification and social responsibility governance's main content are analyzed in this research. Then, this study uses government agencies, platform corporations, users, and the public as governance subjects and compares governance decisions with and without public and user oversight. Finally, the optimal balance strategy for each governing subject, the optimal trajectory of governance volume, and the trajectory of total revenue are obtained. The study found that: 1) Public and user supervision can improve the governance volume while encourage the governance motivation of government agencies and platform corporations. 2) The level of user supervision effort has a greater impact on the total governance revenue than public supervision. 3) The revenue of the system and the governance volume are greater in a centralized decision-making process, indicating that those involved should co-operate in governance based on the principle of mutual benefit. 4) The platform corporation has an incompatible but unified relationship between its social duty and financial success.",
+        "output": "Research on differential game of platform corporate social responsibility governance strategy considering user and public scrutiny",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Morgan Stanley analysts downgraded PayPal (NASDAQ:PYPL) stock's rating, citing delays in product evolution and progress on strategic imperatives, including enhancing Branded Checkout and expanding Venmo. Shares fell 1.9% in early Tuesday trade.The key reasons supporting the downgrade move include slow progress on \u201cfaster-than-eCommerce growth.\u201d Moreover, there is skepticism about PayPal's ability to effectively monetize Venmo as a popular checkout tool for young Gen Z/Y shoppers, given the slow progress in acceptance. Finally, doubts exist regarding PayPal's capacity to make necessary investments without significant downward revisions to earnings per share, hindering meaningful business and technological improvements in the short term.\u201cHowever, we still believe PayPal can grow revenues generally in-line with the rate of overall ecommerce (exAmazon), and improvements in operational efficiency along with ongoing share repurchases can support low-teens EPS growth despite pressure on gross profit margin,\u201d the analysts said in a note.Hence, Morgan Stanley downgraded PayPal to Equal Weight from Overweight with a target price nearly halved to $66 per share. \u201cOur previous OW thesis was predicated on the view that PayPal's online acceptance lead and industry-low attrition, combined with efforts to quickly reduce Branded Checkout friction and rapidly expand Venmo acceptance online, would help the company gain and retain better share online (especially with younger users), supporting consistent growth above the overall rate of ecommerce.\u201d\u201cBased on our updated analysis and proprietary data tracking, we find that progress on key strategic imperatives has been slow, and the complexity of what needs to be done suggests progress will remain slow with limited P&L benefits in our recommendation horizon of 12 months,\u201d the analysts concluded.",
-        "output": "Morgan Stanley downgraded PayPal to Equal Weight due to slow progress on product evolution and strategic imperatives, including enhancing Branded Checkout and expanding Venmo, resulting in a 1.9% stock decline. The target price was halved to $66 per share.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This work studies the challenges associated with capturing the movement of dance performers wearing traditional African masquerade garments, specifically focusing on the Eyo masquerade dance, a cultural heritage creation from Lagos, Nigeria, and discusses the crucial role the costume has in enhancing the overall performance. The work particularly investigates the capabilities and limitations of current motion capture technology in effectively capturing the movements of both the dancer and the costume, especially when the performer wears what we refer to as extreme clothing, such as full body costumes or heavy garments. To overcome these challenges, we employ a combination of motion capture technologies to precisely capture the movements of the performer both with and without the costume, while assessing their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we analyze the disparities in motion quality between these two scenarios to comprehend the influence of the costume on the overall performance. This research has led to the development of an efficient pipeline for digitizing and visualizing folk dances featuring intricate and bulky costumes. The findings of this study offer invaluable insights into the application of motion capture technology for acquiring the movements of performers, including the deformation of their costumes, in cultural heritage dances. As a final outcome of this work, we present a visually captivating animation showcasing an Eyo masquerade dance performance, underscoring the potential of motion capture technology as a tool for preserving and promoting cultural heritage dances.",
+        "output": "Digitizing traditional dances under extreme clothing: The case study of Eyo",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BURLINGTON, N.C. - Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (NYSE: NYSE:LH), commonly known as Labcorp, has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.72 per share on its common stock. The dividend is scheduled to be paid on March 13, 2024, to shareholders who are on the record by the close of business on February 27, 2024.Labcorp is recognized as a prominent player in the life sciences industry, providing a range of laboratory services that support physicians, hospitals, pharmaceutical entities, researchers, and patients. The company's services are designed to deliver clear insights and foster advancements in science for the enhancement of health and lives. Labcorp's operations encompass diagnostics and drug development laboratory services that contribute to the healthcare landscape.The company is noted for its significant role in the healthcare industry, with a workforce exceeding 60,000 employees and a service reach spanning over 100 countries. According to the company's statement, Labcorp was involved in the development of over 80% of the new drugs approved by the FDA in 2022 and conducted more than 600 million tests for patients globally.Labcorp's announcement is based on a press release statement and is intended to inform shareholders and the broader financial community of the upcoming dividend payment. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Labcorp, a leading life sciences company, has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.72 per share, payable on March 13, 2024, to shareholders of record as of February 27, 2024. The company, with over 60,000 employees and a global reach, played a significant role in the development of over 80% of new FDA-approved drugs in 2022 and conducted over 600 million patient tests worldwide.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for developing staphylococcal urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the Casablanca area of Morocco.METHODS: In Casablanca, Morocco, a retrospective evaluation of 772 UTIs patients was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022. The research included two groups of patients: those with staphylococcal UTIs and those without. Sex, age, chronic illnesses, antibiotic exposure, urinary catheterization, urological surgery, and UTIs history were the risk variables assessed. We employed a logistic regression model to identify the characteristics that were predictive of staphylococcal UTIs.RESULTS: Eight staphylococcal species were responsible for 16.84% of UTIs in 772 non-repeating individuals. Patients infected with S. saprophyticus (35.38%) were the most common, followed by those infected with S. epidermidis (24.61%), S. aureus (13.85%), and S. hemolyticus (10.78%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (95% CI: 0.261-0.563), immunosuppression and immunosuppressive treatments (95% CI: 0.0068-0.64), chronic diseases (95% CI: 0.407-0.965), previous UTIs (95% CI: 0.031-0.228), frequency of urination more than 8 times a day (95% CI:1.04-3.29), frequency of urination once or twice a day (95% CI: 1.05-2.39), and urinary catheterization (95% CI: 0.02-0.22) were the most likely predictors of staphylococcal UTIs. In addition, a larger proportion of patients with staphylococcal UTIs were made aware of the risk factors associated with staphylococcal UTIs (52.31%, chi2=4.82,=0.014).CONCLUSIONS: This is the first global study to evaluate the predictive factors for acquiring UTIs caused by staphylococci. Monitoring these factors will enable medical authorities to devise effective strategies for managing UTIs and combating antibiotic resistance.",
+        "output": "Epidemiology and risk factors for staphylococcal urinary tract infections in the Moroccan Casablanca area.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) posted its biggest single-day gain in over two months on Thursday after the country\u2019s largest software exporter announced the record date for its Rs 17,000 crore share buyback.Shares of TCS rose 2.72 per cent to end at Rs 3,497 on the NSE, where shares worth nearly Rs 1,400 crore changed hands. The Tata group flagship has fixed November 25 as the record date for determining the entitlement and the names of the equity shareholders who shall be eligible to participate in the buyback.The company has set a buyback price of Rs 4,150, nearly 19 per cent higher than the last close.Market players said the shares gained after retail investors rushed to buy the stock on hopes of pocketing arbitrage gains.TCS is conducting the buyback through the tender route, where 15 per cent of the shares have to be acquired from small shareholders\u2014those holding shares worth less than Rs 200,000. Analysts believe the entitlement ratio for small shareholders could be around 20 per cent.",
-        "output": "TCS shares surged 2.72% on Thursday after announcing a record date for its Rs 17,000 crore share buyback, with a buyback price of Rs 4,150, 19% higher than the last close.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Various hazards can have immediate or long-term impacts on the safety of bridges, and the interactions between them are complicated. This study examined the multihazard concerns in bridge engineering. Through a comprehensive literature review, 16 hazards that pose threats to bridges were identified and analyzed by considering their temporal-spatial characteristics. The interactions between hazards were described using a hazard correlation matrix, and specific chained hazards were identified based on the site-specific conditions. The methods of probability analysis were discussed in terms of the hazard correlation, and a generalized formula is proposed to illustrate the chained effect process by considering the uncertainty in both primary and secondary hazards. Additionally, a lifetime model was introduced to address the long-term effects. A case study was conducted using field investigation data to demonstrate the proposed method, with emphasis on the joint probability of the earthquake-landslide chained effect. Moreover, the lifetime model was also incorporated to account for the scour effects serving as a long-term hazard. This study is aiming to complement the types of critical hazards threatening bridges and to provide guidance for engineers to select design hazards in accordance with the site-specific conditions.",
+        "output": "Probabilistic Hazard Assessment of Bridges under Multihazard Actions during the Life-Cycle Period",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia.METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.RESULTS: Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs' positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses' negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programmeConclusion:The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum.Contribution:These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme.",
-        "output": "Experiences and challenges of enrolled nurses undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science programme in Namibia.",
+        "input": "Withdrawal: 'Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental Health Status of Primary Caregivers and Children Attending Schools on the Navajo Nation and White Mountain Apache Tribe During COVID-19' by Shannon Archuleta MPH, Joshuaa D. Allison-Burbank PhD, Allison Ingalls MPH, Renae Begay MPH, Ryan Grass BS, Francene Larzelere PhD, Vanessa Begaye BS, Lacey Howe BS, Alicia Tsosie BS, Angelina Phoebe Keryte BA, Emily E. Haroz PhD, J Sch Health 2024, 10.1111/josh.13419. The above article, published online on 15 January 2024 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/josh.13419) has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor in Chief, Michael W. Long, the American School Health Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The withdrawal has been agreed because consent for publication from one of the tribes participating in the study was pending at the time of publication.",
+        "output": "Withdrawal: Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental Health Status of Primary Caregivers and Children Attending Schools on the Navajo Nation and White Mountain Apache Tribe During COVID-19.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) stance on an Ethereum-based exchange-traded fund (ETF) has become a topic of debate among financial analysts and major investment firms. Despite a widespread sense of anticipation, JPMorgan (NYSE:JPM) has expressed skepticism regarding the SEC's approval of a spot Ethereum ETF by May 2024 without Ethereum being classified as a commodity, similar to Bitcoin.The SEC has maintained a cautious approach in the wake of approving Bitcoin ETFs. The commission's particular concern lies with staking protocols associated with Ethereum, as these could lead to tokens being classified as securities, which would likely complicate the approval process.Several major firms, including BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) and Fidelity, have demonstrated their interest in the cryptocurrency space by filing for spot Ethereum ETFs. The market is closely watching these developments, as a decision on VanEck's Ethereum ETF application is expected by May 23. The outcome of this decision is anticipated to significantly influence the regulatory landscape for Ethereum-based investment products.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The SEC's approval of a spot Ethereum ETF by May 2024 is uncertain due to concerns about staking protocols, despite interest from major firms like BlackRock and Fidelity. JPMorgan expresses skepticism, citing the need for Ethereum to be classified as a commodity like Bitcoin.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.",
+        "output": "Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medical trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows) are playing an active role in the development of new curricular initiatives; however, examinations of their advocacy efforts are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of trainees advocating for improved medical education on the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.METHODS: In 2022-23, the authors conducted an explanatory, sequential, mixed methods study using a constructivist paradigm to analyze the experiences of trainee advocates. They used descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data collected through surveys. Participant interviews then yielded qualitative data that they examined using team-baseddeductive and inductivethematic analysis. The authors applied Kern's six-stepapproach to curriculum development as a framework for analyzing and reporting results.RESULTS: A total of 24 participants completed the surveys, of whom 12 volunteered to be interviewed. Most survey participants were medical students who reported successful advocacy efforts despite administrative challenges. Several themes were identified that mapped to Steps 2, 4, and 5 of the Kern framework: Utilizing Trainee Feedback related to Needs Assessment of Targeted Learners (Kern Step 2);Inclusion related to Educational Strategies (Kern Step 4); and Obstacles, Catalysts, and Sustainability related to Curriculum Implementation (Kern Step 5).CONCLUSIONS: Trainee advocates are influencing the development and implementation of medical education related to the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. Their successes are influenced by engaged mentors, patient partners, and receptive institutions and their experiences provide a novel insight into the process of trainee-driven curriculum advocacy.",
-        "output": "Trainee advocacy for medical education on the care of people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities: a sequential mixed methods analysis.",
+        "input": "This study examines how the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent Western responses influence Chinese public opinion on the use of force. Using two original, preregistered online survey experiments, first in June 2022 and then in June 2023, we show that the Russian invasion is associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in Chinese support for using military force in international affairs in general and against Taiwan in particular. However, information on Western military measures aiding Ukraine curbs the modest impact of the invasion. Such information is especially effective in reducing support for an outright military invasion of Taiwan. Causal mediation analyses reveal that the Russian invasion influences public opinion by inducing optimism regarding military success and pessimism regarding peaceful resolution of the conflict. These findings suggest that foreign military aggression and subsequent international countermeasures can sway domestic public opinion on using military force.",
+        "output": "Russian Invasion of Ukraine and Chinese Public Support for War",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The relation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to lifestyle behaviors and factors linked with cardiovascular health remains unclear. We aimed to understand how the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score (and its changes over time) relate to CRF and complementary exercise measures in community-dwelling adults.METHODS AND RESULTS: Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants underwent maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for direct quantification of peak oxygen uptake (VO2). A 100-point LE8 score was constructed as the average across 8 factors: diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. We related total LE8 score, score components, and change in LE8 score over 8years with peak VO2 (log-transformed) and complementary CRF measures. In age- and sex-adjusted linear models (N=1838, age 54\u00b19years, 54% women, LE8 score 76\u00b112), a higher LE8 score was associated favorably with peak VO2, ventilatory efficiency, resting heart rate, and blood pressure response to exercise (all P<0.0001). A clinically meaningful 5-point higher LE8 score was associated with a 6.0% greater peak VO2 (1.4 mL/kg per minute at sample mean). All LE8 components were significantly associated with peak VO2 in models adjusted for age and sex, but blood lipids, diet, and sleep health were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for all LE8 components. Over an 8-year interval, a 5-unit increase in LE8 score was associated with a 3.7% higher peak VO2 (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Higher LE8 score and improvement in LE8 over time was associated with greater CRF, highlighting the importance of the LE8 factors in maintaining CRF.",
-        "output": "Life's Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Community.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Whether nutrition messages in popular health magazines differ by country or season has seldom been studied. We assessed the nutrition topics featured in the headlines of Men's Health (MH) and Women's Health (WH) magazines from different countries.METHODS: We sampled MH and WH magazines from Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the UK and the USA. Nutrition-related headlines were categorized as weight loss, weight gain, micronutrients and other.RESULTS: The most frequent topics were Other (44%) and weight loss (41%), while micronutrients represented 4%. Topics related to weight gain were more frequent in MH (19% vs. 2% in WH), while no difference was found for weight loss (44% vs. 37% in WH). On multivariable analysis, weight gain had a higher likelihood of being present in MH than in WH, Odds ratio and (95% confidence interval): 8.3 (2.2-90.9), p=0.002, while no association was found for weight loss: OR 1.1 (0.6-2.0), p=0.80. Weight loss was absent from the US WH and present in two thirds of the Portuguese WH; in MH, weight gain was evenly distributed between countries. Prevalence of the weight loss topic was lower in March (15% vs. 54% in January, p<0.01 by logistic regression) and to a lesser degree in June (35%) and July (35%). No seasonality was found for the weight gain topic.CONCLUSION: In WH and MH magazines, nutrition topics vary according to gender, country, and season. Weight gain remains a male topic, while weight loss is equally prevalent in both women's and men's magazines.",
+        "output": "Women are lean and men are also lean: nutrition titles in women's and men's health magazines.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "American Airlines (NASDAQ:AAL) was lifted to Buy from Hold by Jefferies with a new price target of $18 per share in a note Thursday. Analysts said in a note to clients that the company's cost levers preserve its bottom line.Jefferies noted various tailwinds it sees for the company, including two to five points of improving aircraft utilization, as well as its modern fleet, with an emphasis on Sun Belt hubs connectivity and prudence to 75% short-haul and 25% long-haul.\"In mid-2023, mgmt noted 2-5pts of mainline utilization oppty in 2024 as efficiencies of its pre-pandemic $25BB fleet & system modernization materialize,\" explained the analysts. \"There are also ~150 RJs that slowly return to service as pilot hiring solves. RJ flight hrs are CASM-ex dilutive but P&L accretive.\"Furthermore, the firm pointed to the company's $10.9 billion of $15 billion total debt reduction plan executed, with the remainder by the end of 2025, given limited capex. The analysts also said AAL's March 4th Investor Day will highlight the airline's premium/AAdvantage.",
-        "output": "Jefferies upgraded American Airlines (AAL) to Buy, citing cost-saving measures, including improved aircraft utilization and a modern fleet, which will preserve its bottom line. The firm also highlighted the company's debt reduction plan and upcoming Investor Day, which will focus on premium offerings and AAdvantage.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "As one type of flux modulation machines, flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines present high sensitivity to airgap structures. Therefore, both stator/rotor teeth and slot/pole combinations have significant influences on machine performance. However, the relationships between the optimal stator structure and maximum torque capability of the FSPM machine are barely investigated. Therefore, in this article, we are devoted to proposing a directional stator permeance design approach to achieve the maximum torque of the FSPM machines under a given rotor and reveal the corresponding stator structure. First, the relations between torque and air-gap permeance are presented based on a constructed torque contribution equation, where amplitudes and phase angles of the stator permeance harmonics are determined. Then, main permeance harmonics are directionally optimized to enlarge positive torque while negative contributions are inversed to be positive. Especially, two FSPMs with 6-slot/19pole and 6-slot/13-pole are chosen as design examples, and their optimal design processes and torque performances have been deeply analyzed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.",
+        "output": "Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MUMBAI - HDFC Bank (NS:HDBK), one of India's leading private sector banks, reported a robust increase in consolidated net profit for the October-December quarter. The bank is also gearing up for the initial public offering (IPO) of its non-deposit, non-banking financial company (NBFC) subsidiary, HDB Financial Services (HDBFSL), by September 2025.HDBFSL has shown a significant surge in its performance, with its loan book expanding to \u20b9840 billion. The company also posted a healthy profit after tax of \u20b96.4 billion for the quarter that ended in December 2023. This growth comes as a positive indicator for HDFC Bank, which holds a substantial stake in HDBFSL.In line with its growth strategy, HDFC Bank is set to expand its physical presence across the country. The bank has plans to increase its branch network substantially, aiming to grow from over 8,091 branches to more than 13,000 within the next five years. This expansion is expected to help HDFC Bank extend its reach and services to a larger customer base, supporting its growth trajectory in the highly competitive Indian banking sector. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "HDFC Bank reported a robust increase in consolidated net profit for the October-December quarter and is gearing up for the IPO of its NBFC subsidiary, HDBFSL, by September 2025. HDBFSL has shown a significant surge in its performance, with its loan book expanding to \u20b9840 billion and a healthy profit after tax of \u20b96.4 billion for the quarter that ended in December 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "How does legislature size impact public service provision? Despite the importance of institutional design for democratic governance, the effect of legislative features on citizen welfare remains little understood. In this article, we use a formal model to show that increasing legislature size improves public goods delivery. We argue that changes in bargaining costs depend on whether additional legislators share the executive's party affiliation: More opposition members reduce the equilibrium public goods provision, while more government-aligned members increase it. We test this theory by exploiting sharp discontinuities in city-council size in Brazil. We show that an additional city councilor has a 91% chance of belonging to the mayoral coalition, and this significantly improves primary school enrollment and infant mortality rates. To explore possible mechanisms, we surveyed 174 former city councilors and analyzed 346,553 bills proposed between 2005 and 2008. This article has implications for the design of representative institutions.",
+        "output": "Legislature size and welfare: Evidence from Brazil",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "A famous painting of the 19th century, by Ilia Repin, of a religious procession depicts the pageantry of the event but also draws the attention of the viewer to the exclusion of a disabled child from the festivities.",
-        "output": "Art and Pediatric Orthopaedics: Repin and Inclusiveness.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medical students hold significant importance, as they represent the future of healthcare provision. This study aimed to explore psychological antecedents towards the monkeypox (mpox) vaccines amongpostgraduate and undergraduatemedical students across countries.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students aged 18 years old and above in 7 countries; Egypt, Romania, Malaysia, and Yemen, Iraq, India, and Nigeria. We used social media platforms between September 27 and November 4, 2022. An anonymous online survey using the 5C scale was conducted using snowball and convenience Sampling methods to assess the 5 psychological antecedents of vaccination (i.e., confidence, constraints, complacency, and calculation, as well as collective responsibility).RESULTS: A total of 2780 participants were recruited. Participants' median age was 22 years and 52.1% of them were males. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination were as follows: 55% were confident about vaccination, 10% were complacent, 12% experienced constraints, and 41% calculated the risk and benefit. Lastly, 32% were willing to be vaccinated for the prevention of infection transmission to others. The Country was a significant predictor of confidence, complacency, having constraints, and calculation domains (P < 0.001). Having any idea about the mpox vaccine was linked to 1.6 times higher odds of being more confident [OR = 1.58 (95% CI, 1.26-1.98), P < 0.001] Additionally, living in a rural area significantly increased complacency [OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.05-1.95), P = 0.024] as well as having anyone die from mpox [OR = 3.3 (95% CI, 1.64-6.68), P < 0.001]. Education level was associated with increased calculation [OR = 2.74 (95% CI, 1.62-4.64), P < 0.001]. Moreover, being single and having no chronic diseases significantly increased the calculation domain [OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.98), P = 0.02] and [OR = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.10-2.16), P = 0.012] respectively. Predictors of collective responsibility were age 31-45 years [OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.29-6.48), P = 0.01], being single [OR = 2.76 (95% CI, 1.94 -3.92), P < 0.001], being a graduate [OR = 1.59 (95% CI (1.32-1.92), P < 0.001], having no chronic disease [OR = 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56-2.93), P < 0.001], and not knowing anyone who died from mpox [OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.39-4.64), P < 0.001), as well as living in a middle-income country [OR = 0.623, (95% CI, 0.51-0.73), P < 0.001].CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of psychological antecedents of vaccination, emphasizing the impact of socio-demographic factors, geographic location, and awareness, as well as previous experiences on individual attitudes and collective responsibility towards vaccination.",
+        "output": "Cross-Country Discrepancies in Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Thiruvananthapuram, Jan 16 (IANS) Thiruvananthapuram-headquartered IBS Software, a leading SaaS solutions provider to the travel industry globally, has reached an agreement to acquire hotel and travel technology provider Above Property Services (APS).The $90 million-transaction will further solidify IBS Software\u2019s position in the hospitality market and strengthen the brand, to underpin an ambitious expansion of its reach in the hospitality industry.The strategic acquisition will enable IBS Software to provide the only unified platform in the hospitality industry for seamlessly managing the entire customer journey from booking to fulfillment for the global hotel chain, resort, and gaming markets, it said.APS was founded in 2012 by Aaron Shepherd, said IBS Software and both it and APS both recognise the crucial need to accelerate next-level transformation in travel and hospitality to create unparalleled value for its clients.IBS Software Founder and Executive Chairman V.K. Mathews said that this acquisition will significantly enhance IBS Software\u2019s offerings in hospitality, expanding its market reach and winning market share in multiple segments, including medium to large hotel chains as well as luxury, resort and gaming customers.--IANSsg/vd",
-        "output": "IBS Software, a leading SaaS solutions provider to the travel industry, has acquired hotel and travel technology provider Above Property Services (APS) for $90 million to strengthen its position in the hospitality market and provide a unified platform for managing the entire customer journey.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability (TRIGRS)-Scoops three-dimensional (3D) coupling model combines the influences of rainfall infiltration and 3D topography on slope safety. However, the Scoops 3D model defines the physical and mechanical parameters of underground materials with a uniform or layered method, which cannot describe the variability in the horizontal direction. To address this limitation, a method of creating a 3D distribution file of physical and mechanical parameters for underground materials was proposed. This method was applied to a mountainous area in Chishang Town, China. Based on the TRIGRS-Scoops 3D coupling model, the stability of slopes in the study area was assessed under different rainfall conditions. The dangerous slopes were located where the proportion of unstable grids exceeded 1%. The TRIGRS-Scoops 3D coupling model was repeatedly used to determine the curve of the rainfall threshold for landslide activation. This curve is based on the intensity (I) and duration (D) of rainfall. The results show that the 3D distribution file can effectively reflect the variability of parameters in the horizontal direction. The landslide activating rainfall threshold curves for the 13 dangerous slopes in the study area exhibit a linear relationship between lgI and lgD. This study can reveal slope stability under different rainfall conditions and provide a theoretical basis for landslide warnings.",
+        "output": "Stability Assessment of Shallow Soil Landslide and Activating Rainfall Threshold",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW DELHI -  Eicher Motors  (NS:EICH), the Indian automaker, has faced a second downgrade in as many days, with its stock rating being lowered from \"underperform\" to \"sell\" by brokerage firm CLSA. The new target price is set at Rs 3,716. This follows a downgrade by  Morgan Stanley  (NYSE:MS) to \"underweight\" on Monday, which highlighted growth and market share challenges for the company.In early trading today, Eicher's shares reflected investor concerns, dropping nearly 2%. Market analysts have pointed to the competitive pressures from rivals such as  Hero MotoCorp  (NS:HROM) and  Bajaj Auto  (NS:BAJA), contributing to skepticism about Eicher's current valuation.The company has seen its stock struggle over the past year, posting an 18% gain that lags behind the broader Nifty's 21% increase. The consecutive downgrades by CLSA and Morgan Stanley underscore the market's cautious view on Eicher Motors amidst a challenging business environment.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Eicher Motors' stock rating has been downgraded to \"sell\" by CLSA, with a target price of Rs 3,716, due to growth and market share challenges, following a similar downgrade by Morgan Stanley. The company's shares have dropped nearly 2% in early trading, reflecting investor concerns about competitive pressures from rivals.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) jeopardize water quality and pose a potential risk to human health. However, the specific response of CRB to chlorination and chloramination remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from water samples before and after chlorination and chloramination taken between January and December 2020. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated all finished water samples. After chloramination, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were the dominant CRB, whereas Ralstonia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus were prevalent after chlorination. Over 75% of the CRB e.g. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterococcus were shared between the chlorination and chloramination, involving potentially pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Notably, certain genera such as Faecalibacterium, Geobacter, and Megasphaera were enriched as strong CRB after chloramination, whereas Vogesella, Flavobacterium, Thalassolituus, Pseudoalteromonas, and others were enriched after chlorination according to LEfSe analysis. The shared CRB correlated with temperature, pH, and turbidity, displaying a seasonal pattern with varying sensitivity to chlorination and chloramination in cold and warm seasons. These findings enhance our knowledge of the drinking water microbiome and microbial health risks, thus enabling better infectious disease control through enhanced disinfection strategies in DWTPs.",
+        "output": "Comparative analysis of chlorine-resistant bacteria after chlorination and chloramination in drinking water treatment plants.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "WATERLOO, Ontario - Open Text (NASDAQ:OTEX) Corporation (NASDAQ: OTEX), a global leader in information management solutions, is set to release its second quarter financial results for fiscal year 2024 on February 1, 2024, after market close.The announcement will be followed by a conference call and webcast at 5:00 p.m. ET on the same day, hosted by OpenText CEO & CTO Mark J. Barrenechea and EVP, CFO Madhu Ranganathan. Investors interested in joining the call can do so by using the provided Call Me link for instant access or by dialing in to either the toll-free number 1-800-319-4610 or the international number +1-604-638-5340 approximately ten minutes before the scheduled start. A replay of the conference call will be available from 7:00 p.m. ET on February 1 until 11:59 p.m. on February 15, 2024, accessible by calling 1-855-669-9658 or +1-604-674-8052 with the passcode 0620 followed by the number sign.OpenText, known as The Information Company\u2122, offers a range of information management solutions designed to help organizations harness the power of their information through OpenText Cloud Editions.The details for this announcement are based on a press release statement from Open Text Corporation.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Open Text Corporation, a leader in information management solutions, will release its second quarter financial results for fiscal year 2024 on February 1, 2024, after market close, followed by a conference call and webcast at 5:00 p.m. ET. The conference call can be accessed by dialing 1-800-319-4610 or +1-604-638-5340.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Physicist Percy Bridgman has been taken by Heather Douglas to be an exemplar defender of an untenable value-free ideal for science. This picture is complicated by a detailed study of Bridgman's philosophical views of the relation between science and society. The normative autonomy of science, a version of the value-free ideal, is defended. This restriction on the provenance of permissible values in science is given a basis in Bridgman's broader philosophical commitments, most importantly, his view that science is primarily an individual commitment to a set of epistemic norms and values. Considerations of external moral or social values are not, on this view, intrinsic to scientific practice, though they have a broader pragmatic significance. What Bridgman takes as the proper relation between science and society is shown through analysis of his many writings on the topic and consideration of his rarely remarked upon involvement in the most problematic example of Big Science of his day: the atomic bomb. A reevaluation of Bridgman's views provides a unique characterization of what is at stake in the values in science debate: the normative autonomy of science.",
+        "output": "Bridgman and the normative independence of science: an individual physicist in the shadow of the bomb",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Due to structural demographic shifts, declining population, economic restructuring and deindustrialization, the number of shrinking cities has been increasing in South Korea. To tackle these challenges, policy makers have promoted entrepreneurial environments, largely absent in such cities, to accelerate rates of revitalization by attracting talented young knowledge workers. The creation of collaborative coworking spaces is one of these policy responses. However, there have been rising concerns over whether such coworking spaces are producing the expected outcomes. It is uncertain whether policy makers are encouraging the development of coworking spaces without strong evidence of their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to find out what roles coworking spaces play in small and medium sized shrinking cities. A five-month study was conducted in 12 small and medium sized cities (<500,000 population) using two interrelated methods: 1) an online survey with users of coworking spaces in their 20s and 30s and 2) semi-structured interviews with the managing staff/owners of 4 coworking spaces. Based on the study, the research concludes that the coworking spaces played a key role in bringing young people together and helping them to start new businesses by providing proper hard and soft infrastructure, hosting events and sharing information and knowledge.",
-        "output": "The role of coworking spaces in small and medium sized shrinking cities: The case of South Korea",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To characterize and compare female ice hockey players' peak skating speed and acceleration ability during linear sprints and gameplay. We also sought to quantify the time spent at various speeds and the frequency of accelerations at different thresholds during games.METHODS: Seventeen varsity-level female ice hockey players (20 [1.4]y, 68.9 [4.9]kg, 167.6 [4.7]cm) participated in an on-ice practice session (performing 3 * 40-m linear sprints) and 4 regular-season games while being monitored using a local positioning system. Speed and acceleration were recorded from the sprint and within-game monitoring. Time on ice spent in relative skating speed zones and the frequency of accelerations at different intensities were recorded.RESULTS: Players' greatest peak speeds (29.5 [1.3] vs 28.3 [1.1]km/h) and accelerations (4.39 [0.48] vs 3.34 [0.36]m/s2) reached during gameplay were higher than those reached in linear sprinting (both P < .01). Peak in-game values were moderately predicted by linear sprint values for speed (r = .69, P < .01) but not for acceleration (r < .01, P = .95). Players spent little time at near-peak linear sprint speeds (\u226580% [22.7km/h], 3% time on ice; \u226590% [25.5km/h], <1% of time on ice) during gameplay. However, 26% to 35% of accelerations recorded during the 4 games were \u226590% of linear sprint acceleration.CONCLUSIONS: Although skating speed may be advantageous in specific game situations, our results suggest that players spend little time at near-maximal speeds while accelerating frequently during games. This warrants further investigation of direction changes, skating transitions, repeated sprints, and other determinant variables potentially related to on-ice success and the implementation of training strategies to improve repeated acceleration or qualities beyond maximal skating speed.",
+        "output": "Investigating the Relevance of Maximal Speed and Acceleration in Varsity-Level Female Ice Hockey Players.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Despite prolific jail diversion initiatives, people with serious mental illness continue to be overrepresented in the criminal legal system. This continued overrepresentation has led to recent calls to address social determinants of health and criminal risk factors rather than to allocate new resources to diverting people from the criminal legal system. This shift toward prevention by addressing social factors that influence health and criminal legal outcomes should occur alongside a continued focus on diversion to understand what works and for whom. An effective, well-funded, and comprehensive community-based mental health services system could serve as the ultimate intercept for preventing criminal legal system involvement.",
-        "output": "Approaching Jail Diversion and Prevention of Criminal Legal System Involvement Simultaneously.",
+        "input": "The concept of disability can serve as a valuable lens through which a host of established subjects can be revisited in a new light. These include welfare and welfare dependency, unemployment, gender relations, social movements, and grassroots activities, the impact of international norms such as human rights and their application in local contexts, and the impact of neoliberal reforms. Despite this potential, disability, unlike the concepts of class, race, sexuality, and ethnicity, has yet to make inroads into the field of postsocialist studies. It is precisely this lacuna which our special issue seeks to address.",
+        "output": "Rethinking Transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Through the Lens of Disability",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Doxycycline (DOX) represents a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic that persists as a challenging-to-degrade contaminant in environmental compartments. Despite its ubiquity, scant literature exists on bacteria proficient in DOX degradation. This study marked a substantial advancement in this field by isolating Chryseobacterium sp. WX1 from an activated sludge enrichment culture, showcasing its unprecedented ability to completely degrade 50mg/L of DOX within 44h. Throughout the degradation process, seven biotransformation products were identified, revealing a complex pathway that began with the hydroxylation of DOX, followed by a series of transformations. Employing an integrated multi-omics approach alongside in vitro heterologous expression assays, our study distinctly identified the tetX gene as a critical facilitator of DOX hydroxylation. Proteomic analyses further pinpointed the enzymes postulated to mediate the downstream modifications of DOX hydroxylation derivatives. The elucidated degradation pathway encompassed several key biological processes, such as the microbial transmembrane transport of DOX and its intermediates, the orchestration of enzyme synthesis for transformation, energy metabolism, and other gene-regulated biological directives. This study provides the first insight into the adaptive biotransformation strategies of Chryseobacterium under DOX-induced stress, highlighting the potential applications of this strain to augment DOX removal in wastewater treatment systems containing high concentrations of DOX.",
-        "output": "Elucidating doxycycline biotransformation mechanism by Chryseobacterium sp. WX1: Multi-omics insights.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Muscle mass loss is an age-related process that can be exacerbated by lifestyle, environmental and other factors, but can be mitigated by good sleep. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between varying time lags of sleep duration and the decline in muscle mass among individuals aged 60 years or older by using real-world health monitoring data obtained from wearable devices and smart home health monitoring devices.METHODS: This study included 86,037 observations from 2,869 participants in the Mobile Support System database. Missing data were supplemented by multiple imputation. The investigation utilized generalized estimating equations and restricted cubic spline curve to examine the relationship between sleep duration and low muscle mass. Various lag structures, including 0, 1, 2, 0-1, 0-2, and 1-2 months, were fitted, and the interaction effect of observation time with sleep duration was estimated for each lag structure. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted. The models were adjusted for various covariates, including gender, age, body mass index, footsteps, smoking status, drinking status, marital status, number of chronic diseases, number of medications, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, respiratory disease, and musculoskeletal disease and an interaction term between time and sleep duration.RESULTS: The results of the generalized estimating equation showed a significant correlation (p<0.001) between sleep duration of 8h or more and low muscle mass in older adults, using 6-7h of sleep as a reference. This effect was seen over time and prolonged sleep accumulated over multiple months had a greater effect on muscle mass loss than a single month. The effect of long sleep duration on muscle mass loss was significantly greater in females than in males and greater in the over-75 than in the under-75 age group. Restricted cubic spline plots showed a non-linear relationship between sleep duration and low muscle mass (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study found an association between sustained nighttime sleep of more than eight hours and decreased muscle mass in older adults, especially older women.",
+        "output": "Sleeping more than 8h: a silent factor contributing to decreased muscle mass in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The 'major' order won by L&T Construction pertains to establishing systems related to renewable energy generation and utilities, for the Amaala project in the Red Sea region, Saudi Arabia.L&T classifies a 'major' order as the one worth anywhere between Rs 5,000-Rs 10,000 crore.Amaala is an ultra-luxury destination set in the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Natural Reserve along Saudi Arabia\u2019s northwestern coast.L&T said that the",
-        "output": "L&T Construction has secured a 'major' order worth Rs 5,000-10,000 crore to establish renewable energy generation and utility systems for the Amaala project in Saudi Arabia's Red Sea region.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Debris flow activity is strongly controlled by trigger conditions, specifically the sediment availability and water input, which are expected to change in response to future climate changes. These hydrological and geomorphological impacts are difficult to predict in climate-sensitive alpine mountain regions. This research focuses on the impacts of future environmental changes on debris flow occurrence in the Xinduqiao-Changdu section of the Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor. Two distinct aspects are examined and discussed: the spatial variability of triggering conditions and the prediction of debris flow behavior under changing conditions. We used long-term (1961-2017) meteorological data to analyze the variation of debris flow water source conditions with results indicating an increasing trend in annual average temperature, especially in the northwest of corridor. However, annual precipitation shows no significant change. Another consideration is the variation in materials source conditions, reflected by historical seismic and fault density, suggesting a potential earthquake risk in the southeast corridor. Subsequently, the Flo-2D is employed to simulate two trigger types of debris flow (rainfall and ice-snow) by modifying flow volume and flow properties under warming or seismic conditions. These findings serve as a reference for hazard prevention in climate-sensitive alpine areas.",
+        "output": "Analysis of the trigger conditions and activity trend in debris flow along Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor (Xinduqiao-Changdu section) under environmental changes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this study we shed light on ongoing trends in contraceptive use in Flanders (Belgium). Building on the fundamental cause theory and social diffusion of innovation theory, we examine socio-economic gradients in contraceptive use and the relationship to health behaviours.METHODS: Using the unique and recently collected (2020) ISALA data, we used multinomial logistic regression to model the uptake of contraceptives and its association to educational level and health behaviour (N:4316 women).RESULTS: Higher educated women, and women with a healthy lifestyle especially, tend to use non-hormonal contraceptives or perceived lower-dosage hormonal contraceptives that are still trustworthy from a medical point of view. Moreover, we identified a potentially vulnerable group in terms of health as our results indicate that women who do not engage in preventive health behaviours are more likely to use no, or no modern, contraceptive method.DISCUSSION: The fact that higher educated women and women with a healthy lifestyle are less likely to use hormonal contraceptive methods is in line with patient empowerment, as women no longer necessarily follow recommendations by healthcare professionals, and there is a growing demand for naturalness in Western societies.CONCLUSION: The results of this study can therefore be used to inform policy makers and reproductive healthcare professionals, since up-to-date understanding of women's contraceptive choices is clearly needed in order to develop effective strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, and in which women can take control over their sexuality and fertility in a comfortable and pleasurable way.",
-        "output": "Relationship between classic indicators of health behaviour and contraceptive choices in women in Flanders.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Medical students face significant psychological stress, impacting their academic performance and well-being. The Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework is designed to enhance resilience and mitigate stress among medical students, addressing the need for interventions within the assessment system in medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of SAR framework on medical students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress.METHODS: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-testing. It involved the training of course coordinators in implementing the SAR framework and its integration into the daily learning activities. Fourth-year medical students were assessed before and after the intervention using standardized measures of resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods and thematic analysis for qualitative feedback.RESULTS: Post-intervention, students demonstrated a significant increase in resilience scores (p<0.001) and a notable decrease in measures of anxiety, depression, and academic stress (p<0.001). The burnout types were also statistically different (p<0.001) except client-related burnout (p>0.05). Qualitative feedback of the course coordinators highlighted an improved learning environment, increased coping strategies, and a more supportive academic culture.CONCLUSION: The SAR framework significantly contributes to enhancing medical students' resilience and reducing psychological distress. Its implementation suggests a promising approach to fostering a supportive educational environment that not only addresses the psychological challenges faced by medical students but also enhances their academic performance and overall well-being. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts of SAR across different medical education contexts.",
+        "output": "The impact of the Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework on students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic-related stress: a quasi-experimental study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Crowdsourcing in science is one of the ways of conducting scientific research which responses to the postulates of the democratization, openness, and inclusiveness of science. Although much is known about crowdsourcing in science, less attention is paid to the barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science and how to overcome them. The purpose of this research is to identify barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science from the perspective of scholars across management who have little or no experience in organizing crowdsourcing in science initiatives. At the same time, we identify bridges that reduce those barriers. We collected the data using unstructured interviews with 40 junior and senior management scholars who represent different academic ranks. We identified sixteen barriers grouped into six categories: individual, data, knowledge, delegation, quality, and financial barriers. Barriers refer to lack of trust in the crowd, scholars' reluctance to be open to new things, methodological preferences, concerns about data being shared, data theft, insufficient knowledge of scholars, insufficient crowd knowledge, difficulties in communications, the discomfort of delegating tasks to the crowd, the possibility of the crowd abandoning the tasks, additional work resulting from the need to control and verify the crowd's work, a potential violation of methodological rigor, the feeling of wasting time, concerns about fees for crowdsourcing in science and the employee evaluation system. We also identified the following two bridges that help eliminate barriers and fosters the use of crowdsourcing in science: autonomy of scholars and university support.",
-        "output": "Management scholars' perception of barriers and bridges to use crowdsourcing in science: qualitative research",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Chile rapidly implemented an extensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign, deploying a diversityof vaccines with a strategy that prioritized the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. This study aims to assessthedirect impact of vaccination on the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospital admissions, ICU admissions and deaths averted during the first year and a half of the campaign.METHODS: Via Chile's transparency law, we obtained access to weekly event counts categorized by vaccination status and age. Integrating this data with publicly available census and vaccination coverage information, we conducted a comparative analysis of weekly incidence rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 to estimate the direct impact of vaccination in terms of the number of cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths averted, using an approach that avoids the need to explicitly specify the effectiveness of each vaccine deployed.RESULTS: We estimated that, from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 the vaccination campaign directly prevented 1,030,648 (95%Confidence Interval: 1,016,975-1,044,321) cases, 268,784 (95%CI: 264,524-273,045) hospitalizations, 85,830 (95%CI: 83,466-88,194) ICU admissions and 75,968 (95%CI: 73,909-78,028) deaths related to COVID-19 among individuals aged 16 years and older. This corresponds to a reduction of 26% of cases, 66% of hospital admissions, 70% of ICU admissions and 67% of deaths compared to a scenario without vaccination. Individuals 55 years old or older represented 67% of hospitalizations, 73% of ICU admissions and 89% of deaths related to COVID-19 prevented.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the role of Chile's vaccination campaign in reducing COVID-19 disease burden, with the most substantial reductions observed in severe outcomes.",
+        "output": "Direct impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: averted cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Gold prices scaled a one-week peak on Friday as an escalation in the Middle East conflict fuelled safe-haven buying, while softer U.S. producer price inflation boosted bets that the Federal Reserve might cut interest rates sooner.Spot gold was up 1% at $2,048.21 per ounce at 2:24 p.m. ET (1924 GMT), after climbing as much as 1.7% earlier in the session.Bullion was mostly flat on the week, but extended its run above the $2,000 level to nearly a month. U.S. gold futures settled 1.6% higher at $2,051.60.U.S. and Britain launched air strikes across Yemen in retaliation against Houthi forces for attacks on Red Sea shipping that the Iran-backed fighters cast as a response to the war in Gaza. Iran condemned the attacks, warning that it will fuel \"insecurity and instability\" in the region.A rise in geopolitical risk is pushing gold prices up, and at the same time, the U.S. central bank may be getting ready to start moderating its restrictive monetary policy, said Bart Melek, head of commodity strategies at TD Securities.The U.S. producer price index (PPI) data came in negative, which was also a significant catalyst for prices, Melek added.U.S. producer prices unexpectedly fell in December amid declining costs for goods such as diesel fuel and food, suggesting inflation would continue to subside. However, data on Thursday showed U.S. consumer prices rose more than expected in December.Traders see an 80% probability of an interest rate cut in March, according to the CME Fedwatch tool, compared with about a 70% chance seen before the PPI report.Considered a safe haven, gold tends to gain during times of uncertainty, while lower interest rates also lift the appeal of the zero-yield asset.Spot silver rose 1.9% to $23.20 per ounce.Platinum lost 0.5% to $910.49, down for the second straight week. Palladium was down 1.3% to $975.51, falling for the third consecutive week.(Reporting by Anushree Mukherjee in Bengaluru; Editing by Kevin Liffey and Shounak Dasgupta)",
-        "output": "Gold prices reached a one-week high on Friday due to escalating Middle East tensions and softer U.S. producer price inflation, which increased expectations of an interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve. Spot gold rose 1% to $2,048.21 per ounce, extending its run above $2,000 for nearly a month.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Background In today's business environment, where sustainability has emerged as a strategic axis of business practices, the study of the link between human resources management and environmental management becomes increasingly necessary. In this sense, the present research focuses on analyzing the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on the Sustainable Performance (SP) of Spanish wineries, as well as the mediating effect of Employee Wellbeing (EW) and Work Engagement (WE) on this linkage. In addition, age, size and membership in a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause-effect relationships examined.Methods The study proposes a conceptual model based on previous studies, which is tested using structural equations (PLS-SEM) with data collected from 196 Spanish wineries between September 2022 and January 2023.Results The findings of the research reveal the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the GHRM development and the SP of Spanish wineries, as well as the partial mediation of EW and WE in this association.Conclusions The uniqueness and significance of this study can be attributed to several crucial factors. First, it enhances the understanding and knowledge regarding the advantages associated with GHRM development. Second, no prior research has conducted a comprehensive study on GHRM as a catalyst for SP within the context of Spanish wineries. Third, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has analyzed the mediating role of EW and WE as mediators in the relationship between GHRM and SP of wineries.",
+        "output": "Enhancing employee wellbeing and happiness management in the wine industry: unveiling the role of green human resource management",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Mumbai, Jan 15 (IANS) The RBI on Monday released a 'draft framework for recognising Self-Regulatory Organisations (SRO) for FinTech Sector', laying down the characteristics of a FinTech SRO, and includes the required functions and governance standards.FinTechs are significantly reshaping the landscape of financial services by streamlining processes, improving accessibility, and reducing costs. Achieving a healthy balance between facilitating innovation by the industry on the one hand, and meeting regulatory priorities in a manner that protects consumers and contains risk, on the other, is crucial to optimising the contribution of the FinTech sector, the RBI said.\"Self-regulation within the FinTech sector is a preferred approach for achieving the desired balance,\" the central bank stated.According to the RBI draft framework, the SRO-FT would derive its strength from its membership, ensuring that it is truly representative of the FinTech sector. Through comprehensive membership agreements that encompass a broad spectrum of industry players, the SRO-FT should gain the legitimacy and credibility to not only frame baseline standards and rules of conduct codes, but also to effectively monitor and enforce them.The SRO-FT must be looked up to and accepted by the industry as the key body for setting market standards, defining rules of conduct and ensuring voluntary adoption of the common framework by its members, the RBI said.The framework also states that the SRO-FT should be development-oriented, actively contributing to the growth and evolution of the industry. This involves providing specialised knowledge and expertise, offering guidance, and contributing to capacity building through training programs, and prescribing minimum eligibility criteria for its members.Also, members should perceive the SRO-FT as a legitimate arbiter of disputes. This would require a transparent and fair resolution mechanism for disputes arising among members that instils confidence in the FinTech industry. By efficiently handling conflicts and grievances, the SRO-FT would contribute to a more stable and harmonious FinTech environment.A proactive SROFT should be capable of motivating its members to align with regulatory priorities. This would involve facilitating communication between industry players and regulatory bodies, advocating for necessary changes, and promoting a culture of compliance.The SROFT, as its duty towards ensuring compliance, should be empowered to investigate and take disciplinary action against its members for non-adherence to codes/standards/rules.The RBI said comments from stakeholders and members of the public on the draft framework may be sent by end February 2024, through e-mail. The final framework will be issued taking into account stakeholder and public responses.--IANSpannu/vd",
-        "output": "The RBI released a draft framework for recognizing Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) for the FinTech sector, outlining characteristics, functions, and governance standards to balance innovation and regulatory priorities. The SRO-FT should be representative, development-oriented, dispute-resolving, and compliance-ensuring, with the ability to investigate and discipline members for non-adherence.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Extremism and terrorism are thought to go hand in hand in civil wars. Yet do they? Are rebel groups with more extreme goals more likely than moderate ones to use terrorism, as commonly assumed? Arguments linking extremism to terrorism are often circular: groups are tagged as extremist because they do extreme things. Our article addresses this problem by articulating a novel conceptualization of extremism as the distance of group goals from the status quo. Understanding the relationship between what groups want and how they try to achieve it has obvious theoretical and policy implications. We theorize mechanisms that might connect extremist goals to terrorism and use new data on rebel group aims in civil wars from 1970 to 2013 to examine the empirical relationship between extremism and terrorism in a nontautological way. The results show that some extremist goals are associated with terrorism but not others. Groups with goals that involve changing the political ideology of the state or transforming political power across identity groups are more likely to use terrorism or to use more of it. Secessionist groups, however, are no more likely to produce terrorism than are those with less extreme territorial aims such as autonomy.",
+        "output": "Extremism and Terrorism: Rebel Goals and Tactics in Civil Wars",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), a workhorse of the semiconductor industry, has progressed rapidly in the last few decades in the development of novel materials. Recent developments in condensed matter and materials physics have seen the rise of many novel quantum materials that require ultra-clean and high-quality samples for fundamental studies and applications. Novel oxide-based quantum materials synthesized using MBE have advanced the development of the field and materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in new MBE techniques that have enabled synthesis of complex oxides that exhibit 'quantum' phenomena, including superconductivity and topological electronic states. We show how these techniques have produced breakthroughs in the synthesis of 4d and 5d oxide films and heterostructures that are of particular interest as quantum materials. These new techniques in MBE offer a bright future for the synthesis of ultra-high quality oxide quantum materials.",
-        "output": "Advances in complex oxide quantum materials through new approaches to molecular beam epitaxy",
+        "input": "Despite an increase in global research on the subject of Pemphigus, which seriously affects patient health and quality of life, there is no bibliometric research on this subject in literature to date. The aim of this study was to conduct a holistic analysis of scientific articles published on Pemphigus, using bibliometric methods. Articles published on the subject of Pemphigus between 1980 and 2021 were downloaded from the web of science (WoS) database and analyzed using various statistical methods. To determine trend subjects, collaboration between countries, and the most effective studies with citation analyses, visual network maps were obtained with bibliometric analyses. A total of 3034 articles were analyzed. The 3 countries making the greatest contribution to literature were the USA (n:831, 27.3%), Japan (n:402, 13.2%), and Germany (n:221, 7.2%). The 3 most active institutions were Keio University (n:163, 5.3%), Kurume University (n:130, 4.2%) and Tel Aviv University (n:107, 3.5%). The 3 journals publishing the most articles were the British Journal of Dermatology (n: 88), Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (n:171) and the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (n:143). The 3 leading journals according to the mean number of citations (NC) per article (citation count: CC) were the New England Journal of Medicine (CC:246), the Lancet (CC:143) and the Journal of Cell Biology (CC:133). The author with the most articles published was Hashimoto Takashi (n.168, 5.5%). As a result of cluster analysis, it was seen that 9 different main clusters had been studied on Pemphigus subjects to date (1: desmoglein, 2: paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP) - Pemphigus types-desmosome, 3: desmoglein 1 ve 3-autoimmunity, 4: treatment-rituximab, 5: acantholysis-apoptosis, 6: quality of life-remission-relapse, 7: autoantibodies, 8: epidemiology-mortality, 9: corticosteroids). The most commonly studied subjects were determined to be pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), autoimmunity, rituximab, PNP, desmoglein (desmoglein3-desmoglein1), autoantibodies, acantholysis, autoantibody, treatment, autoimmune disease, desmosome, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. The primary trending topic was rituximab drug, which is used in the treatment of Pemphigus. The other most studied trend topics were azathioprine drug used in treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, quality of life, mortality rates, Pemphigus herpetiformis, and wound healing.",
+        "output": "The evolution of Pemphigus publications: A bibliometric analysis with research trends and global productivity.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: The current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine continue to attract the attention of medical students. This study aimed to identify undergraduate medical students' attitudes toward AI in medicine, explore present AI-related training opportunities, investigate the need for AI inclusion in medical curricula, and determine preferred methods for teaching AI curricula.METHODS: This study uses a mixed-method cross-sectional design, including a quantitative study and a qualitative study, targeting Palestinian undergraduate medical students in the academic year 2022-2023. In the quantitative part, we recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate medical students from universities in Palestine from June 15, 2022, to May 30, 2023. We collected data by using an online, well-structured, and self-administered questionnaire with 49 items. In the qualitative part, 15 undergraduate medical students were interviewed by trained researchers. Descriptive statistics and an inductive content analysis approach were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.RESULTS: From a total of 371 invitations sent, 362 responses were received (response rate=97.5%), and 349 were included in the analysis. The mean age of participants was 20.38\u00b11.97, with 40.11% (140) in their second year of medical school. Most participants (268, 76.79%) did not receive formal education on AI before or during medical study. About two-thirds of students strongly agreed or agreed that AI would become common in the future (67.9%, 237) and would revolutionize medical fields (68.7%, 240). Participants stated that they had not previously acquired training in the use of AI in medicine during formal medical education (260, 74.5%), confirming a dire need to include AI training in medical curricula (247, 70.8%). Most participants (264, 75.7%) think that learning opportunities for AI in medicine have not been adequate; therefore, it is very important to study more about employing AI in medicine (228, 65.3%). Male students (3.15\u00b10.87) had higher perception scores than female students (2.81\u00b10.86) (p<0.001). The main themes that resulted from the qualitative analysis of the interview questions were an absence of AI learning opportunities, the necessity of including AI in medical curricula, optimism towards the future of AI in medicine, and expected challenges related to AI in medical fields.CONCLUSION: Medical students lack access to educational opportunities for AI in medicine; therefore, AI should be included in formal medical curricula in Palestine.",
-        "output": "Perceptions of undergraduate medical students on artificial intelligence in medicine: mixed-methods survey study from Palestine.",
+        "input": "The European populations of Homo heidelbergensis may have contributed to the genetic heritage of modern Eurasians. A better understanding of the possible effects of palaeoenvironmental alterations on the evolution of ancient humans can help to understand the origin of developed traits. For this purpose, the spatiotemporal alterations of physical factors were modelled in Europe for the period of 670-190 ka, covering the existence of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe. The factors included the following: paleoclimatic conditions, climatic suitability values of ancient humans, two prey species, and the European beech. Furthermore, the distribution and features of wood used for toolmaking were also investigated. Finally, changes in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values in the coldest quarter of the year were modelled. The results suggest that H. heidelbergensis inhabited dominantly temperate regions in Europe where prey such as red deer were present. In the northern regions, European beech trees were abundant. When making wood tools, they preferred relatively light but not the strongest woods, which were readily available in the vicinity of the sites. Although hard and heavy woods were also occasionally used, at a European level, significant changes were observed in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values during the period of 670-190 ka. However, substantial differences between archaeological sites in these values, indicating somewhat ecological variations, were not found during the studied period.",
+        "output": "The habitat utilization and environmental resilience of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Piper Sandler analysts downgraded Rent the Runway (RENT) to Neutral from Overweight on Wednesday, following the upgrade of Burlington Stores (NYSE:BURL) and   Revolve Group   (NYSE:RVLV) to Overweight in notes on Tuesday. In a note covering the global lifestyle brands sector, Piper Sandler said the most important swing factor in 2024 will be whether we see a shift back to discretionary goods.They added that they are inclined to be constructive on the sector at this point - assuming that consumer spending remains stable.The firm lowered its price target for RENT to $0.75 per share from $2, stating the company's equity value represents \"a mere 20% of total enterprise value,\" and they think a meaningful reduction in leverage will be necessary over the medium-term.\"Recent cost initiatives should help drive better financial performance near term, but both marketing and inventory investments may be needed to drive the necessary long-term growth,\" said Piper Sandler. In the note covering RVLV, the firm said its previous cautious thesis has now played out. More controlled inventory and likely stabilization/nominal improvements in return rates will help drive gross margin expansion, analysts wrote.\"We also believe that a rapidly consolidating/collapsing luxury online space will offer significant L-T opportunity for RVLV's FWRD segment,\" said the firm, lifting its price target for the stock to $21 from $16 per share. Burlington's price target was raised to $240 from $155. Piper Sandler is increasingly confident in the 300+ bps margin expansion opportunity and believes market share gains are likely to continue.\"We believe department stores have remained highly conservative for 1H24 inventory buys, which creates a favorable environment for off-price to take continued share,\" analysts wrote. \"Our store checks point to continued momentum with the Burlington 2.0 initiative and think that the lower-middle income consumer remains stable to nominally improving.",
-        "output": "Piper Sandler downgraded Rent the Runway to Neutral due to concerns about leverage and growth, while upgrading Burlington Stores and Revolve Group to Overweight based on margin expansion opportunities and market share gains.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), which the Iranian government frames as a 'Sacred Defense', occupies a large space in contemporary Persian fiction, sometimes in surprising ways. This article focuses on the 2017 novel Haras (Pruning) by Nasim Marashi (Nasim Mar'ashi), which despite being shaped entirely by the context of the Iran-Iraq War rarely treats the experience of living through it. The article explores how Haras builds on previous works that use the war not as a focal point, like conventional war literature, but a point of departure to explore different stories about post-war Iran, intricately connected to, yet far beyond, the war with Iraq. The article postulates that by using the war with Iraq to call attention to the loss of people, homes, and the environment, Haras uses the war to innovatively challenge the messaging of the Islamic Republic.",
+        "output": "Mourning mothers and wars that never end: reading Nasim Marashi's Haras (Pruning) in the shadow of the Iran-Iraq war",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The average trading volumes on the counter jumped over 10-fold today. A combined 1.3 million equity shares had changed hands on the NSE and BSE. The stock of the commodity chemicals firm had hit a 52-week high of Rs 802.65 on September 11, 2023.In an exchange filing, IGL said the company has been allocated quantities through tender(s) participation for supply of 165.5 million liters of Ethanol under Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme (EBPP) during ethanol supply year from November 1, 2023 till October 31, 2024.Entities that awarded the contract include Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), Reliance Industries and Nayara Energy.IGL is one of the leading manufacturers with its presence in Bio-Based Specialities and Performance Chemicals, Potable Spirits, Ennature Biopharma, Bio Polymers and Industrial Gases.The specialty chemicals sector in India has a very positive outlook in the coming years. The sector has been growing at a faster pace compared to the overall chemical industry in India and is expected to continue its growth trajectory.According to reports, the Indian specialty chemicals sector is projected to reach a size of $63.8 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11 per cent.Additionally, the government has been supporting the growth of the specialty chemicals sector through various initiatives, such as the National Chemicals and Petrochemicals Policy, the Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions (PCPIRs), and the \u201cMake in India\u201d program. These initiatives have helped to create a favorable business environment for the sector and attract foreign investments, as per IGL.One of the key drivers of growth in the Indian specialty chemicals sector is the increasing demand from end-use industries such as automotive, construction, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.The sector has a broad range of applications across various industries, and India\u2019s growing manufacturing capabilities and research and development activities have further boosted the sector\u2019s growth.The company has a vast product range that covers a wide variety of specialty chemicals and herbal products such as nutraceuticals, phytochemicals, bio-polymers, industrial gases etc.User industries prefer products of IGL because they have significantly low carbon footprint. With this, IGL is eyeing to be the leading manufacturer of a large number of products having potential to replace conventional products with low carbon products.",
-        "output": "IGL's stock surged with a 10-fold increase in trading volume, reaching a 52-week high of Rs 802.65 on September 11, 2023, due to the company's allocation of 165.5 million liters of Ethanol under the Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme (EBPP) for the period from November 1, 2023, to October 31, 2024. The Indian specialty chemicals sector is projected to reach $63.8 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 11%, driven by increasing demand from end-use industries and government support.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Still life paintings comprise a wealth of data on visual perception. Prior work has shown that the color statistics of objects show a marked bias for warm colors. Here, we ask about the relative chromatic contrast of these object-associated colors compared with background colors in still life paintings. We reasoned that, owing to the memory color effect, where the color of familiar objects is perceived more saturated, warm colors will be relatively more saturated than cool colors in still life paintings as compared with photographs. We analyzed color in 108 slides of still life paintings of fruit from the teaching slide collection of the Fogg University Art Museum and 41 color-calibrated photographs of fruit from the McGill data set. The results show that the relatively higher chromatic contrast of warm colors was greater for paintings compared with photographs, consistent with the hypothesis.",
+        "output": "The color of fruits in photographs and still life paintings.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Nine state governments and one Union Territory (UT) raised Rs 18,900 billion through state government securities (SGS), about 72 per cent above the amount indicated for this week in the auction calendar for Q3 FY24.Maharashtra raised an amount of Rs 4,000 crore through the re-issue of 10-year paper (Rs 2,000 crore) at a cut-off yield of 7.69 per cent and an 11-year bond (Rs 2,000 crore) at a cut-off yield of 7.71 per cent, according to Reserve Bank of India data.Another large state, Tamil Nadu, raised Rs 4,000 crore via a 10-year paper (Rs 2,000 crore) with a cut-off yield of 7.72 per cent and a 20-year bond (Rs 2,000 crore) at a cut-off yield of 7.66 per cent.The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir raised Rs 300 crore through a 30-year paper with a cut-off yield of 7.60 per cent.Meanwhile, the weighted average cut-off of the SGS jumped to 7.69 per cent on October 23, 2023, the highest so far in FY24, from 7.65 per cent last week. This was despite the decline in the weighted average tenor to 12 years from 14 years, rating agency ICRA said.The spread between the cut-off of the 10-year SGS and the 10-year Government of India bond (7.18 per cent GS 2033) yield was stable at 33 basis points on October 23, 2023, from last week, the agency added.",
-        "output": "Nine state governments and one Union Territory raised Rs 18,900 billion through state government securities (SGS), 72% above the amount indicated for this week in the auction calendar for Q3 FY24. The weighted average cut-off of the SGS jumped to 7.69% on October 23, 2023, the highest so far in FY24, despite the decline in the weighted average tenor to 12 years from 14 years.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Concerns exist about prolonged breastfeeding increasing dental caries risk, but evidence is mixed. This 2-year cohort study followed 486 toddlers, to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and caries at age 3. Caregivers reported feeding practices and potential confounders every 6months. Full breastfeeding was defined as feeding breastmilk without formula milk regardless of other foods/liquids, whereas any breastfeeding was feeding breastmilk with/without formula milk. A calibrated dentist performed dental examinations. We used multivariable log-binomial and negative binomial regressions to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for caries prevalence and severity, adjusted for confounders. At 3-year-old, 60.3% of children exhibited caries (mean decayed-and-filled-teeth, dft: 3.3). Notably, full breastfeeding for 6-17months reduced caries prevalence (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.98 for 6-11months; RR=0.78, 95%CI 0.63-0.96 for 12-17months). Conversely, any breastfeeding\u226518months significantly increased caries risk (RR=1.45, 95%CI 1.31-1.60). Full breastfeeding\u22656months or any breastfeeding 6-17months was associated with lower dft scores in children. Our findings suggest a complex relationship between breastfeeding duration and caries. Full breastfeeding for moderate durations (6-17months) offers protective benefits, while any breastfeeding\u226518months increases risk in this population.",
+        "output": "A longitudinal study on the impact of breastfeeding with or without formula milk on dental caries.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "DENVER - Antero Midstream Corporation (NYSE: NYSE:AM), a player in the midstream energy sector, announced the pricing of a private placement of senior unsecured notes, aiming to raise $600 million in capital. The notes, with a 6.625% interest rate and maturing in 2032, are expected to be issued at par value on January 16, 2024, provided all customary closing conditions are met.The company anticipates net proceeds of approximately $593 million after accounting for initial purchaser discounts and estimated expenses. The primary purpose for these funds is to repay existing debts under Antero Midstream's revolving credit facility. This repayment strategy allows the company the flexibility to reborrow funds for various corporate requirements, including the settlement of upcoming debt maturities.The notes have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 or any state securities laws. Consequently, they may not be offered or sold within the United States absent registration or an exemption from such requirements. The offering targets qualified institutional buyers, relying on Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and is also extended to certain non-U.S. persons in offshore transactions in accordance with Regulation S under the same act.Antero Midstream, incorporated in Delaware, is known for its network of midstream operations, including gathering, compression, processing, and fractionation assets across the Appalachian Basin. The company also manages integrated water assets predominantly servicing Antero Resources (NYSE:AR) Corporation's properties.As Antero Midstream Corporation (NYSE: AM) secures its financial footing through the private placement of senior unsecured notes, investors monitoring the midstream energy sector can glean additional insights from InvestingPro. With a focus on high earnings quality, Antero Midstream's free cash flow has consistently exceeded its net income, suggesting a robust financial health that supports its debt repayment strategy. Furthermore, the company's ability to maintain dividend payments for an extended period, now at 26 consecutive years, underscores its commitment to shareholder returns, a reassuring signal for income-focused investors.InvestingPro data highlights a market capitalization of $14.55 billion USD and a P/E ratio of 18.33, which, when coupled with a PEG ratio of 0.43 for the last twelve months as of Q3 2023, points to a stock that may be undervalued relative to its near-term earnings growth potential. Additionally, a strong gross profit margin of 92.39% in the same period provides evidence of the company's operational efficiency.With these considerations in mind, coupled with the fact that analysts predict sales growth for the current year, Antero Midstream's financial strategy appears sound. For those interested in a deeper dive, there are 10 additional InvestingPro Tips available, offering a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial health and future prospects. To access these insights and more, consider an InvestingPro subscription, which is now on a special Cyber Monday sale with discounts of up to 60%. Moreover, use coupon code ProW345 to get an additional 10% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Antero Midstream Corporation (NYSE: AM) raised $600 million through a private placement of senior unsecured notes with a 6.625% interest rate, maturing in 2032, to repay existing debts and enhance financial flexibility. The company's strong financial health is evident in its consistent free cash flow exceeding net income, 26 consecutive years of dividend payments, and a gross profit margin of 92.39%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Plastic advertising banners (PABs) have been widely used for advertising and publicizing with large usage amount. The PABs are usually added with plenty of chemical additives for improving material performance, and the additives can be released during the lifetime of the PABs. However, limited knowledge is available on the composition and release of the additives in the PABs. In this study, benzenoids were found as the dominant additive categories in PABs. Release kinetics of benzenoid additives with high detection frequency and high abundance from the PABs under indoor and outdoor environments were investigated. During the 150-day release experiment, average release rates of the additives from the PABs under outdoor and indoor environments were 8.3*10-10kg/m2\u00b7s and 6.3*10-10kg/m2\u00b7s, respectively. The release rates of the additives were negatively related to the thickness of the PAB samples. Health risk assessment indicated that chemicals associated with PABs have potential carcinogenic risks to salesmen in the shopping malls. The risks of chemical exposure associated with PABs to consumers in the shopping malls were acceptable. This study unveils a considerable source of chemical exposure to humans.",
+        "output": "Release kinetics and risk assessment of additives in plastic advertising banners.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SEATTLE - Alaska Airlines has suspended operations of its Boeing 737-9 MAX fleet until Saturday after an in-flight incident on Sunday, January 5, led to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) order for a nationwide grounding. A door panel separated from Flight 1282 en route to Ontario, California, causing cabin depressurization and terror among passengers. The incident led to the discovery of loose hardware during subsequent safety inspections.In response to the incident and the FAA's directive, Alaska Airlines has canceled up to 150 daily flights originating from Portland International Airport. The airline is actively informing affected passengers and has introduced a flexible travel policy to facilitate rebooking for those impacted by the cancellations.This issue is not unique to Alaska Airlines; United Airlines has also experienced similar maintenance challenges with its Boeing 737 MAX 9 aircraft. The grounding and flight cancellations represent a precautionary measure as both airlines work to ensure the safety and integrity of their fleets.A class-action lawsuit has been filed against The Boeing Company (NYSE:BA) by six passengers over improper manufacturing practices. Passengers are demanding compensation for economic losses and physical injuries like bruises and internal ear bleeding inflicted by rapid depressurization, as well as severe emotional trauma. Allegations further include malfunctioning oxygen masks during the depressurization event, which intensified passenger fears of not surviving. One individual suffered extensive injuries including a concussion, neck/back injuries, hearing loss due to internal bleeding in her ears after this frightening ordeal aboard flight 1282.On Tuesday, January 9, Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun publicly took responsibility for this mistake during an internal company meeting at Renton headquarters. Investigations by both FAA and NTSB are ongoing regarding how the door plug detached and if there were lapses in ensuring jet safety standards by Boeing. The detached door plug, weighing 63 pounds, was retrieved near Portland; it's scheduled for analysis at NTSB's lab as part of their investigation into this serious incident affecting both passengers' safety and Boeing's aircraft credibility. Passengers are encouraged to check their flight status and utilize the flexible travel options provided by Alaska Airlines during this period.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Alaska Airlines has suspended its Boeing 737-9 MAX fleet after an in-flight incident on Sunday, January 5, led to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) order for a nationwide grounding. The incident, which involved a door panel separating from Flight 1282 en route to Ontario, California, causing cabin depressurization and terror among passengers, has led to the discovery of loose hardware during subsequent safety inspections.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The study provides a detailed investigation into several representatives of La Tene jewellery. Primarily, it deals with non-metallic decorative inlays from the Late La Tene period, particularly with their application on a metal base. Unique artefacts have been selected for the study, all coming from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A prime representative of the finds is a torc coming from a La Tene burial site in Prague (Czech Republic, Central Europe). In this geographical context, such finds are rather exceptional. The torc examined is remarkable both in terms of its origin and the production technology utilised, namely the application of decorative inlays made of red opaque glass. Available literature classifies this decorative element as an enamel technique. The highly specific type of red soda high-lead glass applied there was examined using LA-ICP-MS. Based on the trace elements detected, it can be established that the glass is most likely related to contemporary Egyptian production. Other items of the artefact set consist of two Munsingen brooches from Moravia and an exceptional brooch from Slovakia. The latter find was found to be decorated with coral (as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy). Besides identifying the materials of the decorations, we were also able to characterize the binder between individual decorative inlays and their metal base. The analysis of the binder has revealed the presence of birch tar (determined by FTIR and GC/MS). The results obtained expand the knowledge about the production technologies applied to the jewellery from the La Tene period.",
+        "output": "Non-metallic decorative inlays in La T\u00e8ne jewellery - contribution of archaeometry to the understanding of production technologies",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "By Aayush Khanna Inox Wind Ltd  (NS:INWN) (IWL), a prominent player in India's wind energy sector, has clinched a significant deal with NLC India Limited, a Navratna CPSU, to execute a 50 MW ISTS-connected wind power project. The project, to be implemented on a turnkey basis, involves the supply, installation, and commissioning of Inox Wind's DF 113/92 - 2.0 MW capacity Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs). Additionally, Inox Wind will deliver comprehensive operations and maintenance (O&M) services for an extended period exceeding 10 years post-commissioning. The designated site for this venture is the expansive Dayapar site situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat.CEO of Inox Wind, Mr. Kailash Tarachandani, expressed enthusiasm about the project, emphasizing that securing this project from NLC India underscores Inox Wind's robust position as a holistic wind energy solutions provider in the Indian market. The company's ability to foster strong relationships across various sectors, including PSUs, IPPs, C&I, and retail customers, coupled with its diverse product and service offerings, positions Inox Wind uniquely to deliver value to its clientele. As India intensifies its efforts to achieve renewable energy capacity targets, Inox Wind stands poised to play a pivotal role, anticipating substantial growth and profitability in the future.Moreover, the stock has delivered a stupendous rally in the past year, marking an impressive gain of 376%. This remarkable performance outshines broader market indices, firmly establishing the stock in a bull run and still trading near its all-time highs. However, due to bein highly overbought, there could be some coming correction in the near future. Image Source: InvestingPro+As the fair value of the stock is around INR 440, traders can expect a retracement of around 13% from the CMP of INR 505. -----------------------------------------------------------------X (formerly, Twitter) - aayushxkhannaNEW YEAR SALE: You can avail InvestingPro+ at a massive 65% discount and by using the coupon code PROC324 for the Bi-yearly plan and 1PROC324 for the annual plan. Click on the image below to access the link",
-        "output": "Inox Wind Ltd. (NS:INWN) has secured a 50 MW wind power project from NLC India Limited, involving the supply, installation, and commissioning of 25 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) with a capacity of 2.0 MW each. The project is expected to contribute to India's renewable energy capacity targets and is anticipated to drive growth and profitability for Inox Wind.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Biomedical terminologies play a vital role in managing biomedical data. Missing IS-A relations in a biomedical terminology could be detrimental to its downstream usages. In this paper, we investigate an approach combining logical definitions and lexical features to discover missing IS-A relations in two biomedical terminologies: SNOMED CT and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) thesaurus. The method is applied to unrelated concept-pairs within non-lattice subgraphs: graph fragments within a terminology likely to contain various inconsistencies. Our approach first compares whether the logical definition of a concept is more general than that ofthe other concept. Then, we check whether the lexical features of the concept are contained in those ofthe other concept. If both constraints are satisfied, we suggest a potentially missing IS-A relation between the two concepts. The method identified 982 potential missing IS-A relations for SNOMED CT and 100 for NCI thesaurus. In order to assess the efficacy of our approach, a random sample of results belonging to the Clinical Findings and Procedure subhierarchies of SNOMED CT and results belonging to the Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material subhierarchy of the NCI thesaurus were evaluated by domain experts. The evaluation results revealed that 118 out of 150 suggestions are valid for SNOMED CT and 17 out of 20 are valid for NCI thesaurus.",
+        "output": "Leveraging logical definitions and lexical features to detect missing IS-A relations in biomedical terminologies.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stroke is a neurological syndrome that usually causes a loss of voluntary control of lower/upper body movements, making it difficult for affected individuals to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) combined with robotic systems, such as Motorized Mini Exercise Bikes (MMEB), have enabled the rehabilitation of people with disabilities by decoding their actions and executing a motor task. However, Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs are affected by the presence of physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Thus, movement discrimination using EEG become challenging, even in pedaling tasks, which have not been well explored in the literature. In this study, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP)-based methods were proposed to classify pedaling motor tasks. To address this, Filter Bank Common Spatial Patterns (FBCSP) and Filter Bank Common Spatial-Spectral Patterns (FBCSSP) were implemented with different spatial filtering configurations by varying the time segment with different filter bank combinations for the three methods to decode pedaling tasks. An in-house EEG dataset during pedaling tasks was registered for 8 participants. As results, the best configuration corresponds to a filter bank with two filters (8-19 Hz and 19-30 Hz) using a time window between 1.5 and 2.5 s after the cue and implementing two spatial filters, which provide accuracy of approximately 0.81, False Positive Rates lower than 0.19, andKappaindex of 0.61. This work implies that EEG oscillatory patterns during pedaling can be accurately classified using machine learning. Therefore, our method can be applied in the rehabilitation context, such as MMEB-based BCIs, in the future.",
-        "output": "Evaluation of temporal, spatial and spectral filtering in CSP-based methods for decoding pedaling-based motor tasks using EEG signals.",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Post-9/11-era veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have greater health-related complexity than veterans overall, and may require coordinated care from TBI specialists such as those within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. With passage of the Choice and MISSION Acts, more veterans are using VA-purchased care delivered by community providers who may lack TBI training. We explored prevalence and correlates of VA-purchased care use among post-9/11 veterans with TBI.SETTING: Nationwide VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.PARTICIPANTS: Post-9/11-era veterans with clinician-confirmed TBI based on VA's Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (N = 65144).DESIGN: This was a retrospective, observational study.MAIN MEASURES: Proportions of veterans who used VA-purchased care and both VA-purchased and VA-delivered outpatient care, overall and by study year. We employed multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between veterans' sociodemographic, military history, and clinical characteristics and their likelihood of using VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.RESULTS: Overall, 51% of veterans with TBI used VA-purchased care during the study period. Nearly all who used VA-purchased care (99%) also used VA-delivered outpatient care. Veterans' sociodemographic, military, and clinical characteristics were associated with their likelihood of using VA-purchased care. Notably, in adjusted analyses, veterans with moderate/severe TBI (vs mild), those with higher health risk scores, and those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, or pain-related conditions had increased odds of using VA-purchased care. Additionally, those flagged as high risk for suicide also had higher odds of VA-purchased care use.CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with TBI with greater health-related complexity were more likely to use VA-purchased care than their less complex counterparts. The risks of potential care fragmentation across providers versus the benefits of increased access to care are unknown. Research is needed to examine health and functional outcomes among these veterans.",
+        "output": "Prevalence and Correlates of VA-Purchased Community Care Use Among Post-9/11-Era Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "NEW YORK - Genesis Global Trading, a prominent cryptocurrency firm, has agreed to pay an $8 million fine and will surrender its BitLicense, effectively ceasing its operations in New York. This decision comes as a result of an enforcement investigation led by DFS Superintendent Adrienne A. Harris, which uncovered a series of regulatory violations.The investigation, which began with audits from May 2018 to March 2019, revealed that Genesis had multiple breaches in anti-money laundering protocols and cybersecurity measures. The subsequent inquiry confirmed the company's non-compliance with stringent virtual currency regulations and cybersecurity standards set by the authorities.Genesis Global Trading has faced legal scrutiny before. It has been embroiled in legal disputes with both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the New York Attorney General over allegations of unregistered securities offerings. Additionally, the company has been linked to the now-bankrupt entities Three Arrows Capital and Alameda Research, which have been central to broader industry upheavals.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Genesis Global Trading, a cryptocurrency firm, has agreed to pay an $8 million fine and surrender its BitLicense due to regulatory violations uncovered by an investigation led by DFS Superintendent Adrienne A. Harris. The investigation revealed breaches in anti-money laundering protocols and cybersecurity measures, leading to the company's non-compliance with virtual currency regulations and cybersecurity standards.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study examines charred bread-like samples found in several archaeological sites across northern Italy and dating from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages, some of which are included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The aim is to investigate differences and homogeneities in bread production processes in different eras and cultures. Bread was a staple food in many ancient societies, but has rarely been found amongst the materials that survive in archaeological sites. When it is found, it is usually because the bread was charred by accidental combustion (falling into the oven during baking) or deliberate combustion (for ritual purposes). The literature on the issue is not abundant, but has been growing over the past decade. There is, therefore, room to propose new study methodologies at this time. We studied eight samples of charred bread-like products and we used optical and scanning electron microscopy to identify plant tissue remains attributable to cereal caryopses, partly modified by breadmaking processes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and, for the first time, infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR) were also used to investigate the composition and preparation methods of the different types of bread-like products. In particular, FTIR-ATR analysis can give indications about the presence of starch, gluten and lignin in the sample under investigation and it can, therefore, be used as a screening to guide subsequent SEM analysis in the search for specific cereal residues in the dough. In some cases, the different techniques used also revealed the presence of minerals such as silicates and carbonates, probably due to grinding residues or poor sample cleaning. During SEM observations, phytoliths, diatoms and framboids were also found in some of the samples. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Ancient bread recipes: Archaeometric data on charred findings",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 10 (IANS) Online food delivery platform  Zomato  (NS:ZOMT) on Wednesday introduced a new feature called \"daily payouts\" to support emerging restaurant partners.Currently, the feature will be available for restaurant partners who receive 100 or fewer orders a month, according to the company.\"Our discussions with various restaurant partners highlighted the financial challenges smaller eateries face, using the traditional weekly payout system. This feature is designed to address this critical need for more frequent access to earnings,\" Zomato said in a blogpost.The key features of daily payouts include -- no extra cost, improved cash flow, and flexibility in management.The 'no extra cost' will allow you to switch from weekly to daily payouts without any additional fees; the 'improved cash flow' will let you do daily settlement of transactions, based on sales from three days prior; and the 'flexibility in management' will provide seamless switch between daily and weekly payouts through the Zomato Restaurant Partner App.Interested restaurant partners can access the daily payout option through the Payout section of the Zomato Restaurant Partner App.Meanwhile, Zomato has increased its mandatory platform fee to Rs 4 from Rs 3 per order across key markets. The new rates were effective from January 1.New Year\u2019s Eve saw Zomato temporarily increasing its platform fee as high as Rs 9 per order in certain markets.--IANSshs/uk",
-        "output": "Zomato has introduced \"daily payouts\" for restaurant partners receiving 100 or fewer orders monthly, allowing them to access earnings more frequently and improve cash flow. The platform has also increased its mandatory platform fee to Rs 4 per order from Rs 3.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Today, 50% of medical students are women, and residency and fellowship training years overlap with peak times for starting families. The authors describe attitudes toward pregnancy during residency and fellowship and report pregnancy rates and complications for female residents and resident partners across several decades. A web-based survey was emailed to 1,057 residents in 2005 (period 1) and 1,860 residents in 2021 (period 2). Anonymous surveys were sent to all trainees including pregnant trainees, affected co-trainees and trainee partners. Resident attitudes and pregnancy characteristics were compared between groups using the chi-square (chi2) test for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for ordinal variables. A total of 442 residents (41.8%) responded to the 2005 survey, and 525 (28.2%) responded to the 2021 survey. Most residents who covered for a pregnant resident had positive feelings about covering for their colleagues during both time periods, although more positive attitudes were present during the period 2. Only about 10% of residents received compensation for their coverage during both time periods. Among residents with a pregnancy during training (i.e., themselves or partners), most characterized having a baby in training as somewhat difficult or very difficult at both time periods. Pregnancy complication rates were 33% and 44% for training years 2005 and 2021. As medical education evolves, training programs should be proactive in creating structured support systems for pregnant residents and resident partners to minimize adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and to improve training programs. Future studies are needed to elucidate the causality of higher-than-expected pregnancy complication rates.",
+        "output": "Changes in attitudes, beliefs, and experiences related to pregnancy during graduate medical education training from 2005 to 2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.",
-        "output": "Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic",
+        "input": "The challenge of aligning with the net-zero ambitions of the European Union necessitates a critical examination of the road freight transport sector, a pivotal contributor to global commerce and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the sector's potential for electrification to mitigate emissions, the prevailing 'predict and provide' planning approach may inadvertently reduce this low-carbon transition to mere technological substitution, neglecting deeper intrinsic transport issues. This perspective critiques the 'predict and provide' approach and advocates for the adoption of 'sufficiency-oriented planning'. It presents a comprehensive, interconnected approach, challenging not only the technology in use but also the foundational principles of transport demand. Furthermore, it explores the broader implications of this multi-system transition for the energy sector. The perspective consequently underscores the necessity of a paradigm shift in planning for road freight transport electrification for the sector to genuinely contribute to sustainability objectives and not risk diminishing the transformative potential of this transition.",
+        "output": "Beyond predict and provide: Embracing sufficiency synergies in road freight electrification across the European Union",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This study explores the impact of green marketing tools (green advertising and eco-labelling) and green motives on green purchase intention, subsequently enhancing green satisfaction and WOM, with brand experience as a moderator. Data from 391 participants in China and 337 in India were analyzed. Findings reveal (a) green marketing tools positively affect green brand image and trust, (b) green brand image and trust mediate the relationship between green marketing tools, motives, and green purchase intention, (c) green purchase intention brings greater satisfaction and WOM, and (d) brand experience moderates the relationship between green brand image, trust, and green purchase intention.",
-        "output": "Exploring the roles of green marketing tools and green motives on green purchase intention in sustainable tourism destinations: a cross-cultural study",
+        "input": "Zooarchaeological research all over Europe has suggested a generalised pattern of livestock size decrease during the transition between the Roman times and the Early Middle Ages. Different reasons have been proposed to explain this pattern, including a change in management and feeding practices, in the context of a shift of animal husbandry from large to small scale production. This paper is based on faunal material from Roman and early medieval Augusta Raurica, north-western Switzerland, and provides a first attempt to test this hypothesis, by combining zooarchaeological information (taxonomic frequencies and biometrical analysis) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from bone collagen of cattle and pig. The results suggest important changes in livestock management, such as a shift towards pig husbandry, and evidence for increased use of pannage and forest pastures has been found.",
+        "output": "Livestock management during times of transition. Exploring the relationship between animal size and diet from Roman to early medieval Augusta Raurica (Switzerland)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "New Delhi, Jan 13 (IANS) Global technology brand Xiaomi India has said that its latest Redmi Note 13 series clocked a revenue of Rs 1,000 crore since going on sale on January 10.The latest series surpassed Redmi Note 12 5G series revenue by 95 per cent.The new series includes three models -- Redmi Note 13 5G, Redmi Note 13 Pro 5G, and Redmi Note 13 Pro+ 5G.According to the company, the Redmi Note 13 Pro+ and the Redmi Note 13 Pro offer premium and pro-level features for users seeking to maximise their smartphone capabilities, like great display, flagship-level cameras, and super-fast charging.The Redmi Note 13 further continues the Note Series legacy of constantly pushing boundaries with an immersive display and sleek design that makes it the slimmest Redmi Note to date.The Redmi Note 13 Pro+ comes available at a net effective price of Rs 29,999 for 8GB+256GB, Rs 31,999 for 12GB+256GB, and Rs 33,999 for 12GB+512GB, inclusive of offers, while the Redmi Note 13 Pro comes available at a net effective price of Rs 23,999 for 8GB+128GB, Rs 25,999 for 8GB+256GB and Rs 27,999 for 12GB+256GB.Users can purchase Redmi Note 13 5G at a net effective price of Rs 16,999 for 6GB+128GB, Rs 18,999 for 8GB+256 GB, and Rs 20,999 for 12GB+256GB.--IANSshs/uk",
-        "output": "Xiaomi's Redmi Note 13 series generated Rs 1,000 crore in revenue within three days of its launch, surpassing the Redmi Note 12 5G series revenue by 95%. The series includes three models: Redmi Note 13 5G, Redmi Note 13 Pro 5G, and Redmi Note 13 Pro+ 5G, with the latter two offering premium features like flagship-level cameras and super-fast charging.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Objective: To investigate sickness benefits following delivery in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mothers without SLE. Method: SLE and non-SLE mothers, matched by age and month of delivery, with a singleton liveborn (2004-2008), were identified from the Swedish Lupus Linkage cohort. Work loss (sum of sick leave and disability pension) was studied from 1 year prenatally to 3 years postpartum. Adjusted logistic regression models of covariates associated with > 30 days of work loss in the first and second years postpartum were estimated in SLE mothers. Results: Among 130 SLE mothers and 440 non-SLE mothers, SLE mothers were more likely to have work loss from the prenatal year (42% vs 16%) to 3 years postpartum (49% vs 15%). In SLE mothers, work loss was on average 61 +/- 112 days (mean +/- sd) in the prenatal year and 38 +/- 83 days in the first year postpartum, which increased to 71 +/- 114 days in the third year postpartum. Having > 30 days of sick leave in the year of delivery [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-12.9] and <= 12 years of education (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0) were associated with work loss in the first year postpartum. No covariates were associated with work loss in the second year postpartum. Conclusion: SLE mothers more often had work loss in the prenatal year to 3 years postpartum compared to non-SLE mothers. Lower education and sick leave in the year of delivery were associated with a higher odds of work loss in the first year postpartum in SLE.",
+        "output": "Sick leave and disability pension following delivery in women with systemic lupus erythematosus",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In Latin America, rabies virus has persisted in a cycle between Desmodus rotundus vampire bats and cattle, potentially enhanced by deforestation. We modeled bovine rabies virus outbreaks in Costa Rica relative to land-use indicators and found spatial-temporal relationships among rabies virus outbreaks with deforestation as a predictor.",
-        "output": "Deforestation and Bovine Rabies Outbreaks in Costa Rica, 1985-2020.",
+        "input": "Existing workplace gender inequality has been unaddressed or substantially underaddressed worldwide, resulting in calls for an increased focus by organizations on the design and implementation of work-life programs to reduce the gender gap and to attain gender parity. The purpose of this study is to investigate how work-life programs may influence women's representation and lead to improved organizational financial performance in engineering and construction industry sectors. A simultaneous mixed-method design included a time-lagged research study using data collected from an archival database and tested predictions in 205 construction and engineering organizations operating in Australia. Thirteen semistructured interviews were also conducted with human resource professionals and senior managers working in these industries. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that workplace consultation positively impacts offering of work-life programs, influencing both women's representation and organizational financial performance. The qualitative findings identified the design and implementation issues experienced in work-life policies and strategies.",
+        "output": "Influence of Work-Life Programs on Women's Representation and Organizational Outcomes: Insights from Engineering and Construction",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVES: Exposure to cigarette smoke introduces a large amount of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs. So, smoking can be a risk factor for many diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of active and passive cigarette smoke on the blood lipid profile and dyslipidemia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5052 individuals who participated in the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between smoking exposure status and lipid profiles.RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal HDL-C, abnormal total cholesterol (TC), abnormal triglyceride (TG), and dyslipidemia were 254 (5.00%), 562 (11.10%), 470 (9.30%), 1008 (20.00%), and 1527 (30.20%), respectively. Adjusting for confounders, it was observed that current smokers had higher odds of having abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 2.90 (2.28-3.69)], abnormal TG [OR (95% CI), 1.71 (1.38-2.13)] and dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI), 1.86 (1.53-2.25)]. Ex-smokers also had greater odds of abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 1.51 (1.06-2.16)] compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to cigarette smoke.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that current smokers had higher TG and lower HDL. So, necessary measures should be taken to reduce smoking. The findings also showed that the prevalence of abnormal TG and HDL in ex-smokers was lower than in current smokers. Therefore, the existence of incentive policies to quit smoking seems necessary.",
-        "output": "Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study.",
+        "input": "Novel medical devices must conform to medical device regulation (MDR) for European market entry. Likewise, chemicals must comply with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh) regulation. Both pose regulatory challenges for manufacturers, but concordantly provide an approach for transferring data from an already registered device or compound to the one undergoing accreditation. This is called equivalence for medical devices and read-across for chemicals. Although read-across is not explicitly prohibited in the process of medical device accreditation, it is usually not performed due to a lack of guidance and acceptance criteria from the authorities. Nonetheless, a scientifically justified read-across of material-based endpoints, as well as toxicological assessment of chemical aspects, such as extractables and leachables, can prevent failure of MDR device equivalence if data is lacking. Further, read-across, if applied correctly can facilitate the standard MDR conformity assessment. The need for read-across within medical device registration should let authorities to reconsider device accreditation and the formulation of respective guidance documents. Acceptance criteria like in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) read-across assessment framework (RAAF) are needed. This can reduce the impact of the MDR and help with keeping high European innovation device rate, beneficial for medical device patients.",
+        "output": "Is read-across for chemicals comparable to medical device equivalence and where to use it for conformity assessment?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The stock of the telecom services provider surpassed its previous high of Rs 15.07 touched on November 20. The average trading volumes on the counter jumped almost three-fold today.A combined 1,321 million equity shares, representing 2.7 per cent of total equity of Vi, changed hands on the NSE and BSE till 01:55 PM. In comparison, the S&P BSE Sensex was down",
-        "output": "Vi's stock surged past its previous high of Rs 15.07, with average trading volumes tripling today, as 1,321 million equity shares (2.7% of total equity) were traded on NSE and BSE till 01:55 PM.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "In recent decades, the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River (IMRYR) in China has experienced new characteristics in terms of ice conditions due to human activities and climate change. It is crucial to develop a comprehensive river ice model for this reach that reflects the changing physical characteristics of ice events. However, simulating river ice process in the IMRYR using numerical model is challenging due to the scarcity of observed data on river geometry, hydrology, meteorology, and river ice conditions. With latest field measurements, this study examined the spatiotemporal variations of ice conditions in the IMRYR. In the development of river ice model, this study tackled various challenges such as incomplete river geometry, insufficient tributary flow information, and the identification of ice bridge locations. By improving the one-dimensional river ice model, the study simulated the ice development process during the 2012-2013 ice flood season in the IMRYR. A comparative analysis was conducted between the simulated and observed water temperature, ice cover thickness, ice front locations, and flows, showing a good agreement. This study analyzed and determined the ice hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and relevant river parameters, providing a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions and dynamics associated with the formation and behavior of river ice in the Yellow River. This research can provide scientific basis and methodological support for ice disaster prevention and control in the Yellow River, as well as insights and technical means for simulating comprehensive river ice processes in natural rivers and artificial channels.The Yellow River is one of the rivers in China that experiences frequent ice-related disasters, with the main occurrences happening in the Inner Mongolia Reach (IMR). In recent decades, the IMR has faced new challenges in ice evolution, including changing climatic conditions, severe channel siltation, and expanded ice-related channel storage, making the understanding of ice conditions more complex. The China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, commissioned by the Hydrographic Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, conducted numerical simulations of the ice processes in the IMR. Based on the new characteristics of ice conditions in the Yellow River, a mathematical model was proposed to simulate the development of winter ice conditions in data-scarce regions. The one-dimensional river ice process model was enhanced to enable dynamic simulations of the ice processes in the IMR, and accurately capturing the evolution of winter water temperature, ice cover thickness, ice front progression, flow rate, and water level. This study provides valuable scientific basis for ice forecasting, ice control operations, and disaster prevention in the Yellow River. The improved model has been adopted by the Hydrographic Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, and additional categories and sampling frequencies of hydrological and meteorological data have been tailored for the Inner Mongolia Reach considering specific data requirements for the model.",
+        "output": "Ice Process Simulation on Hydraulic Characteristics in the Yellow River",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Share of Mahanagar gas Ltd (MGL) zoomed 6.6 per cent to Rs 1,055 apiece on the BSE in Monday's intraday trade after the city gas distributor's net profit more-than-doubled to Rs 339 crore in the September quarter.At 9:40 AM, shares were ruling 3 per cent higher at Rs 1,018 per share as against 344 points, or 0.54 per cent, slide in the benchmark S^&P BSE Sensex. The BSE Oil and Gas index, on the other hand, was up 0.49 pr cent.MG's consolidated net profit surged 106 per cent to Rs 339 crore in Q2FY24 as against Rs 164 crore in the year-ago period. It's revenue, however, was flat at\u00a0 Rs 1,773 crore, up 1.66 per cent from Rs 1,744 crore during the corresponding quarter of the previous fiscal.The company's total gas sales volume stood at 329 mmscmd (million metric standard cubic meter per day) during the quarter under review, up 6 per cent from the previous quarter. Of the total volume, industrial volume was 46 million SCM, while CNG was 238 million SCM.Ebitda (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation), meanwhile, soared 89.4 per cent year-on-year to Rs 478.9 crore over Rs 252.8 crore. Ebitda margin stood at 30.5 per cent in the Q2FY24 as compared to 16.2 per cent in the corresponding period in the previous fiscal.For the first half of FY24, H1FY24, MGL's revenue stood at Rs 3,110 crore (up 3 per cent YoY), Ebitda came in at Rs 1,000 crore (up 86 per cent YoY), and net profit at Rs 710 crore (up 102 per cent YoY).Ebitda scm stood at Rs 15.7 (up 84 per cent YoY) with total volumes flat at 3.4mmscmd (down 1 per cent YoY).Over the past one month, shares of MGL have crashed 11 per cent on the bourses as against 2.6 per cent drop in the benchmark Sensex index.Earlier this month, Mahanagar Gas entered into a Joint Venture agreement with Baidyanath LNG Private Limited to incorporate a Private Limited Company in India. MGL and BLNG shall subscribe the initial share capital of JVC in the ratio of 51:49.",
-        "output": "Mahanagar Gas Ltd's net profit surged 106% to Rs 339 crore in Q2FY24, driven by a 6% increase in gas sales volume and an 89.4% jump in EBITDA. The company's shares rose 6.6% to Rs 1,055 on the BSE in intraday trade.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "AIM: Armed conflict remains a tragic feature of the modern world and so it is necessary to continue to study its health impacts. Even the study of historical conflicts is relevant given that certain health impacts are common to most wars e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).METHODS: This study built on a previous quantitative analysis of a randomly selected group of 200 New Zealand veterans from the First World War (WWI). From this sample we selected 10 cases that illustrated particular themes around morbidity impacts.RESULTS: The theme of severity of impacts was illustrated with a case who was severely wounded and died from suicide when back in New Zealand, and another case with severe PTSD. The theme of the high frequency of non-fatal conditions was revealed with cases illustrating new diagnoses (a case with n=8 diagnoses), hospitalisations for new conditions (n=6), non-fatal injury events (n=3) and for sexually transmitted infections (n=3). The theme of chronic debility as a consequence of various conditions was illustrated with cases who had suffered from being gassed or having gastroenteritis, malaria or pandemic influenza.CONCLUSION: These 10 selected cases reiterate how severe and extensive the morbidity burden for military personnel in WWI could be. Also illustrated is how the morbidity could contribute to adverse impacts on some of their lives after returning to New Zealand.",
+        "output": "Health impacts of war: case studies of New Zealand veterans of the First World War.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "VALLEY FORGE, PA - Vanguard, the Pennsylvania-based investment management giant, has announced its withdrawal from Bitcoin futures trading, confirming the company's stance to avoid participation in the US Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) market. This move aligns with Vanguard's traditionally conservative investment approach, even as some of its peers, like BlackRock (NYSE:BLK) and Fidelity, have expanded into offering cryptocurrency-related products.The decision has sparked a wave of customer dissatisfaction, evident from the flurry of reactions on social media platforms. A number of clients have voiced their displeasure with Vanguard's choice, with some indicating plans to move their investments to alternative firms that offer crypto products.This development coincides with a downturn in the Bitcoin market, although Vanguard's exit from Bitcoin futures trading does not directly imply causation for the cryptocurrency's decreased value. This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Vanguard, a conservative investment management giant, has withdrawn from Bitcoin futures trading, sparking customer dissatisfaction and aligning with its cautious approach despite peers' expansion into crypto products.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of plantar intrinsic foot muscle exercise in older adults remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise program with a novel three-dimensional printing foot core training device on balance and body composition in community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above.METHODS: A total of 40 participants aged\u226560 years were enrolled in this quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest-posttest design; participants were categorized into two groups, those with balance impairment and those without balance impairment. The participants performed a 4-week integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise program with a three-dimensional printing foot core training device. The short physical performance battery (SPPB) and timed up and go test were employed to evaluate mobility and balance. A foot pressure distribution analysis was conducted to assess static postural control. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and fat mass were measured by a segmental body composition monitor with bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine the difference before and after the exercise program.RESULTS: Among the 40 enrolled participants (median age, 78.0 years; female, 80.0%; balance-impaired group, 27.5%), the 95% confidence ellipse area of the center of pressure under the eyes-closed condition was significantly decreased (median pretest: 217.3, interquartile range: 238.4; median posttest: 131.7, interquartile range: 199.5; P=0.001) after the exercise. Female participants without balance impairment demonstrated a significant increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and a decrease in fat mass. Participants in the balance-impaired group exhibited a significant increase in SPPB.CONCLUSIONS: Integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise with a three-dimensional printing foot core training device may improve balance and body composition in adults aged 60 and above.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05750888 (retrospectively registered 02/03/2023).",
+        "output": "Effects of integrated intrinsic foot muscle exercise with foot core training device on balance and body composition among community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Private transport constitutes the prerequisite for the freedom of mobility and facilitates accessibility for activities of older adults. Abundant studies have been conducted on the association between car ownership and life satisfaction in Western countries where cars dominate private transport. However, as the most prevalent and conventional private transport in China, cars and e-bikes have not received adequate attention. Using 2015 and 2018 datasets from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we apply the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences to investigate how private transport influences the multi-dimensional life quality of older adults. Furthermore, we focus on the mediation effect of social participation on the above causal effect. Our findings reveal that car and e-bike ownership have a causal impact on older adults' life satisfaction, while the influence of e-bike ownership is multi-dimensional. The relationship between car ownership and life satisfaction is mediated by social participation regarding exercise and voluntary activities. However, the mediation effects of mahjong and exercise activities are statistically significant between e-bike ownership and the multi-dimensional life quality of older adults. Understanding the life quality of older adults related to private transport is essential for guiding travel mobility and the life quality of older adults in China.",
-        "output": "The causal effect of private transport on life satisfaction among older adults and the mediation effect of social participation in China",
+        "input": "Ptychography, a prevalent imaging technique in fields such as biology and optics, poses substantial challenges in its reconstruction process, characterized by nonconvexity and large-scale requirements. This paper presents a novel approach by introducing a class of variational models that incorporate the weighted difference of anisotropic-isotropic total variation. This formulation enables the handling of measurements corrupted by Gaussian or Poisson noise, effectively addressing the nonconvex challenge. To tackle the large-scale nature of the problem, we propose an efficient stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers, which guarantees convergence under mild conditions. Numerical experiments validate the superiority of our approach by demonstrating its capability to successfully reconstruct complex-valued images, especially in recovering the phase components even in the presence of highly corrupted measurements.",
+        "output": "A stochastic ADMM algorithm for large-scale ptychography with weighted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO -   Seabridge Gold   (NYSE:SA) Inc. (TSX: SEA) (NYSE: SA), a company specializing in gold projects, has recently applied for Substantially Started Status for its KSM Project in British Columbia through its subsidiary, KSM Mining ULC. This application to the British Columbia Environment Assessment Office (BC EAO) is a strategic step to ensure the continuation of the project beyond its current Environmental Assessment Certificate (EAC) deadline of July 29, 2026.The KSM Project, known for holding the third largest undeveloped copper resource globally as well as the largest gold resource, is seen as a significant contributor to British Columbia and Canada's shift towards a greener economy. Copper is recognized as a critical mineral in this transition.Since Seabridge's acquisition of the KSM Project in 2001, the company has invested over $997M, with $805M spent post-EAC issuance in July 2014. More specifically, since 2021, when early construction activities began, $444M has been directed towards constructing permanent infrastructure essential for operating the planned multi-generational mine.Rudi Fronk, the Chairman and CEO of Seabridge, highlighted the progress made at the KSM site, including the development of roads, bridges, living facilities, hydroelectric power infrastructure, and fish habitat compensation projects. He praised the local workforce, contractors, and indigenous partners for exceeding the company's expectations and acknowledged the financial support from Sprott Resource Streaming and Royalty Corp. and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, which provided $375M in funding.The application is backed by support from various stakeholders, including the Nisga'a Nation, the Gitxsan Hereditary Chiefs office, BC Hydro, and municipal leaders from the region.Seabridge Gold, with a portfolio of assets in North America, holds a 100% interest in several projects, including the KSM and Iskut projects in Northwest British Columbia's \"Golden Triangle,\" the Courageous Lake project in the Northwest Territories, the Snowstorm project in Northern Nevada's Getchell Gold Belt, and the 3 Aces project in the Yukon Territory.This news is based on a press release statement and does not include any endorsements of claims.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Seabridge Gold has applied for Substantially Started Status for its KSM Project in British Columbia, which holds the third largest undeveloped copper resource globally and the largest gold resource. Since acquiring the project in 2001, Seabridge has invested over $997M, including $444M since 2021 for constructing permanent infrastructure.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt's new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naive patients.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws.RESULTS: On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones.CONCLUSION: The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond.",
+        "output": "A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "After having identified substantial lithium resources last year, on 7th January 2024, India commenced extraction of fresh crude oil reserves located in the Deep-Water Block 98/2 at the Krishna-Godavari basin. The project is located about 30 km off the coast of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.India\u2019s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (NS:ONGC), a fortune-200 company, has activated a reported 4 out of a total of 26 wells at the site in the Bay of Bengal.While initial work on the project began in 2016-17, pandemic-led disruptions caused delays that the central public sector undertaking under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has successfully overcome.With Phase 2 now being completed, the highly significant find is expected to yield 45,000 barrels per day when fully operational, raising national production by 7%.In addition, the project will produce gas equating to 7% of the country\u2019s total production when Phase 3 of the project is concluded in May-June 2024.On the occasion, Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Hardeep Singh Puri announced in a press conference,In terms of ONGC\u2019s output, the project is expected to raise annual volumes of oil and gas by 11% and 15%, respectively.As the third-largest importer of oil, India has historically incurred a large budgetary burden to meet the necessary payments for its roughly 85% oil import dependence.As Chairman of the Independent Energy Policy Institute, a think tank based in New Delhi, and Distinguished Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Narendra Taneja hailed the move as \u201ca very big step\u201d in terms of securing India\u2019s energy presence and reducing the country\u2019s energy dependence.He added,This major development comes shortly after India signed a preliminary oil and gas deal with Guyana in late 2023.A Reuters report published earlier this week found that fuel demand has reached a 7-month high in India, having risen 6.2% MoM and 2.6% YoY.In a bid to continue to secure the country\u2019s energy position, refining capacity is projected to see a substantial increase of over 20% by 2028.Note: Mr. Narendra Taneja\u2019s comments were in Hindi. The translation is my own.This article first appeared on Invezz.com",
-        "output": "India has begun extracting crude oil from the Deep-Water Block 98/2 in the Krishna-Godavari basin, with an expected yield of 45,000 barrels per day, reducing the country's oil import dependence by 7%. The project, led by ONGC, is expected to increase India's annual oil and gas production by 11% and 15%, respectively.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The aim of this paper is to contribute to the concept of design literacy by exploring what it means to learn design literacy through making. To support my argumentation, I draw on a case study where I followed two student teachers of design and craft as they learned design literacy through woodworking. Due to Covid-19, the learning environment was located at the students' homes rather than the design and craft studio at the university. Two research questions guide the case study: What stories does the student recall from learning woodworking and what do these stories provide that are relevant for learning design literacy? Three 'making' stories are presented from the case study: (1) Making with the unknown, (2) Making alone educationally, and (3) The affective and embodied making. These stories provide numerous making skills that are relevant when teaching and learning for design literacy, which is further discussed in the paper.",
+        "output": "New Learning Environments in Design and Craft Education - Acknowledging the Learning of Design Literacy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Bengaluru, Jan 12 (IANS) Software major Wipro (NS:WIPR) Ltd closed the third quarter of FY24 with a lower net profit of about Rs 2,700 crore on a lower revenue.According to the official statement issued on Friday on results for the Quarter ended December 31, 2023, the gross revenue reached Rs 222.1 billion, a decrease of 1.4 per cent QoQ. IT services segment revenue was at $ 2,656.1 million, a decrease of 2.1 per cent QoQ.However, net income for the quarter was at Rs 26.9 billion ($323.9 million 1), an increase of 1.8 per cent QoQ. Earnings per share for the quarter was at Rs 5.16 ($0.06 1), an increase of 2.0 per cent QoQ.Non-GAAP 2 constant currency IT Services segment revenue decreased 1.7 per cent QoQ. Total bookings 3 was at $ 3.8 billion, up by 0.2 per cent QoQ and large deal bookings 4 was at $0.9 billion, the statement said.IT services segment EBIT for the quarter was Rs 35.4 billion ($425.8 million 1), a decrease of 1.8 per cent QoQ. IT services operating margin 5 for the quarter was at 16.0 per cent, down by 11 bps QoQ.\"Our investments in people, processes, and business operations are continuing to pay off,\" CEO and Managing Director Thierry Delaporte said in a statement.\"In a seasonally soft quarter, deal booking momentum remained strong. Our large deals recorded a 20 per cent year-to-date growth. Further, we are starting to see early signs of a return to growth in consulting, as demonstrated by the double-digit growth in order bookings in our Capco business,\" Delaporte added.\"Under our ai360 strategy, AI is now embedded across most of our existing solutions and client offerings. We\u2019re deploying AI internally across all business and functional areas as well, with the goals of efficiency, productivity, and scale. We are confident that these investments will allow us to capitalise on emerging opportunities, as the macro environment improves.\u201dAparna C. Iyer, Chief Financial Officer, said: \"I am pleased with our rigour of execution across all financial metrics- revenue, margin, EPS, and cash flow. We are building a more resilient, agile, and efficient organisation which has helped us sustain our margins at 16 per cent, a 63 basis point improvement on a year-to-date basis despite revenue headwinds and absorbing the impact of the investments we are making for growth and people.\u201d--IANSmka/prw",
-        "output": "Wipro reported a 1.4% QoQ decline in gross revenue to Rs 222.1 billion in Q3 FY24, with a net profit of Rs 2,700 crore, a 1.8% QoQ increase, due to lower revenue. The IT services segment revenue decreased by 2.1% QoQ to $2,656.1 million.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: As a recognized win-win-win approach to international debt relief, Debt-to-Health(D2H)has successfully translated debt repayments into investments in health-related projects. Although D2H has experienced modifications and periodic suspension, it has been playing an increasingly important role in resource mobilization in public health, particularly for low-and middle-income countries deep in debt.MAIN TEXT: D2H, as a practical health financing instrument, is not fully evidenced and gauged by academic literature though. We employed a five-step scoping review methodology. After posing questions, we conducted comprehensive literature searches across three databases and one official website to identify relevant studies.We also supplemented our research with expert interviews. Through this review and interviews, we were able to define the concept and structure of D2H, identify stakeholders, and assess its current shortcomings. Finally, we proposed relevant countermeasures and suggestions.CONCLUSION: This paper examines the D2H project's implementation structure and influencing variables, as well as the current research plan's limitations, with a focus on the role health funding institutions have played during the project's whole life. Simultaneously, it examines the interdependencies between debtor nations, creditor nations, and health financing establishments, establishing the groundwork for augmenting and revamping D2H within the ever-changing worldwide context of health development assistance.",
+        "output": "Redefining Debt-to-Health, a triple-win health financing instrument in global health.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The rapid increase in the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, capable of causing diseases in humans as destroying cultural heritage sites, is a great challenge for modern science. In this regard, it is necessary to develop fundamentally novel and highly active compounds. In this study, a series of N-4-alkylcytidines, including 5- and 6-methylcytidine derivatives, with extended alkyl substituents, were obtained in order to develop a new generation of antibacterial and antifungal biocides based on nucleoside derivatives. It has been shown that N-4-alkyl 5- or 6-methylcytidines effectively inhibit the growth of molds, isolated from the paintings in the halls of the Ancient Russian Paintings of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Russia, Moscow. The novel compounds showed activity similar to antiseptics commonly used to protect works of art, such as benzalkonium chloride, to which a number of microorganisms have acquired resistance. It was also shown that the activity of N-4-alkylcytidines is comparable to that of some antibiotics used in medicine to fight Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. N-4-dodecyl-5- and 6-methylcytidines turned out to be the best. This compound seems promising for expanding the palette of antiseptics used in painting, since quite often the destruction of painting materials is caused by joint fungi and bacteria infection.",
-        "output": "New Biocides Based on N4-Alkylcytidines: Effects on Microorganisms and Application for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of Painting",
+        "input": "Stroke is a neurological syndrome that usually causes a loss of voluntary control of lower/upper body movements, making it difficult for affected individuals to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) combined with robotic systems, such as Motorized Mini Exercise Bikes (MMEB), have enabled the rehabilitation of people with disabilities by decoding their actions and executing a motor task. However, Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs are affected by the presence of physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Thus, movement discrimination using EEG become challenging, even in pedaling tasks, which have not been well explored in the literature. In this study, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP)-based methods were proposed to classify pedaling motor tasks. To address this, Filter Bank Common Spatial Patterns (FBCSP) and Filter Bank Common Spatial-Spectral Patterns (FBCSSP) were implemented with different spatial filtering configurations by varying the time segment with different filter bank combinations for the three methods to decode pedaling tasks. An in-house EEG dataset during pedaling tasks was registered for 8 participants. As results, the best configuration corresponds to a filter bank with two filters (8-19 Hz and 19-30 Hz) using a time window between 1.5 and 2.5 s after the cue and implementing two spatial filters, which provide accuracy of approximately 0.81, False Positive Rates lower than 0.19, andKappaindex of 0.61. This work implies that EEG oscillatory patterns during pedaling can be accurately classified using machine learning. Therefore, our method can be applied in the rehabilitation context, such as MMEB-based BCIs, in the future.",
+        "output": "Evaluation of temporal, spatial and spectral filtering in CSP-based methods for decoding pedaling-based motor tasks using EEG signals.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "In the spirit of America's Shakespeare, August Wilson (1997), I have written this article as a testimony to the conditions under which I, and too many others, engage in scholarly discourse. I hope to make clear from the beginning that although the ideas presented here are not entirely my own-as they have been inherited from the minority of scholars who dared and managed to bring the most necessary, unpalatable, and unsettling truths about our discipline to the broader scientific community-I do not write for anyone but myself and those scholars who have felt similarly marginalized, oppressed, and silenced. And I write as a race scholar, meaning simply that I believe that race-and racism-affects the sociopolitical conditions in which humans, and scholars, develop their thoughts, feelings, and actions. I believe that it is important for all scholars to have a basic understanding of these conditions, as well as the landmines and pitfalls that define them, as they shape how research is conducted, reviewed, and disseminated. I also believe that to evolve one's discipline into one that is truly robust and objective, it must first become diverse and self-aware. Any effort to suggest otherwise, no matter how scholarly it might present itself, is intellectually unsound.",
-        "output": "Dealing With Diversity in Psychology: Science and Ideology",
+        "input": "Law enforcement has used video recording devices (e.g. dash camera, body-worn camera) for more than 40 years, with body-worn cameras emerging in 2005 as a policing tool. However, little is known regarding how video evidence is leveraged in case decision-making and outcomes for domestic violence. Law enforcement may use cameras to enhance evidence collection in domestic violence cases, take statements from victims, witnesses, and offenders, record injuries and damages, and document the administration of risk/injury assessments. Preliminary research has indicated video evidence may have strong evidentiary value in domestic violence cases, however, has rarely controlled for other contributing factors. This study furthers our knowledge by examining how video evidence taken by law enforcement impacts case outcomes and length of time to disposition in a sample of closed, misdemeanour domestic violence cases within a large county in a southwestern state. A random sample of cases (n = 612) with and without video evidence were examined for differences in case disposition and case length. Additional evidentiary factors and case characteristics are considered such as prior criminal charges, victim-offender relationship, presence of non-video evidence, presence of witnesses, and gender of offender. Analyses indicate significant differences, such that cases with video evidence are associated with increased guilty pleas, increased convictions, and less time to closure/final case disposition. Findings have implications for the use of video evidence in strengthening the criminal justice response to domestic violence incidents in combination with other case factors.",
+        "output": "Leveraging video evidence in domestic violence misdemeanour cases: Examination of case dispositions and case length",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The transition of Agri-Food Supply Chains (AFSC) toward sustainable patterns able to secure safe, quality, and affordable food whilst preserving natural and anthropogenic ecosystems is a key challenge of this century. Increasing production and distribution operations' transparency and impact visibility uncovers hidden complexities and the food ecosystem's externalities. To this attempt, this paper introduces a novel Agri-Food Supply Chain digital twin (AFSC-DT) able to virtualize the agricultural, processing, warehousing, and distribution operations holistically from-field-to-consumer and estimate economic, logistic, environmental, safety, and nutritional indicators associated with any food order, assumed as the functional unit. The AFSC-DT behaves as a control tower, providing a multi-dimensional dashboard of indicators and labels to enhance practitioners' and consumers' knowledge of FSC entities and operations. The practitioner's visibility drives top-down operational and tactical feedback controls through real-time monitoring and a-posteriori multi-dimensional performance analysis, whilst consumers, with their informed choices, perform a strategic bottom-up pressure on the food industry toward a sustainable redesign. A what-if simulation analysis conducted over four virtual scenarios within a regional horticultural AFSC proves how the AFSC-DT aids informed decision-making across the AFSC echelons, stimulating a virtuous cycle and favoring a progressive transition toward more sustainable patterns.",
-        "output": "Virtual agri-food supply chains: A holistic digital twin for sustainable food ecosystem design, control and transparency",
+        "input": "Crowdsourcing in science is one of the ways of conducting scientific research which responses to the postulates of the democratization, openness, and inclusiveness of science. Although much is known about crowdsourcing in science, less attention is paid to the barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science and how to overcome them. The purpose of this research is to identify barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science from the perspective of scholars across management who have little or no experience in organizing crowdsourcing in science initiatives. At the same time, we identify bridges that reduce those barriers. We collected the data using unstructured interviews with 40 junior and senior management scholars who represent different academic ranks. We identified sixteen barriers grouped into six categories: individual, data, knowledge, delegation, quality, and financial barriers. Barriers refer to lack of trust in the crowd, scholars' reluctance to be open to new things, methodological preferences, concerns about data being shared, data theft, insufficient knowledge of scholars, insufficient crowd knowledge, difficulties in communications, the discomfort of delegating tasks to the crowd, the possibility of the crowd abandoning the tasks, additional work resulting from the need to control and verify the crowd's work, a potential violation of methodological rigor, the feeling of wasting time, concerns about fees for crowdsourcing in science and the employee evaluation system. We also identified the following two bridges that help eliminate barriers and fosters the use of crowdsourcing in science: autonomy of scholars and university support.",
+        "output": "Management scholars' perception of barriers and bridges to use crowdsourcing in science: qualitative research",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The research focuses on analyzing the production techniques and materials of a Roman paint-plastered ceiling from a Late Antique Roman villa near Negrar (Verona, Italy), recently uncovered. Stylistic features of the decoration, found in reworked collapse debris during the villa's excavation, date the ceiling to the original construction phase in the 4(th) century CE. The paper presents the protocol we adopted for recovering and analyzing the painted decoration of the villa, which was in-laboratory recomposed in its original layout after a meticulous and systematic retrieval of fragmented materials. Microsamples of mortar and pigment were then taken to fully reconstruct the execution technique and raw materials used in the paint-plastered ceiling, detailing the application of the tectorium and pigment preparation. Mortar samples were analyzed to define preparatory layer properties, using various analytical techniques including Transmitted-Light Polarized Optical Microscopy (TL-OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDS). Optical reflected-light microscopy detected guide incisions on the preparatory mortar, while Reflected-Light Optical Microscopy (RL-OM) revealed the microstratigraphy of pictorial micro-layers. Micro-samplings of painted decorations were conducted to define pigment palettes, determining their mineralogical composition through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis coupled with micro-Raman analyses for the determination of carbon-based compounds. The research aims to establish a comprehensive protocol for future endeavors, integrating archaeological reassembly with precise micro-analyses of pigments and mortars, deciphering the intricate layout of ancient, fragmented decorations. This study is the first of its kind in Northern Italy, overcoming challenges posed by fragmented and reworked artifacts in previous research, enabling detailed analytical studies like those conducted here. Moreover, this study of the paint-plastered ceiling of the Late Roman villa of Negrar aims to provide a new impulse for the knowledge of Late Antique painting techniques and materials, which were only marginally considered within Roman painting tradition so far.",
-        "output": "Production technique and multi-analytical characterization of a paint-plastered ceiling from the Late Antique villa of Negrar (Verona, Italy)",
+        "input": "In this editorial the editor considers issues of historicity (understanding things in their historical context) in health professions education and the sciences thereof, and argues for more attention to historical and other contextual factors in creating and appraising the research literature.",
+        "output": "Historicity and the impossible present",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This essay explores how Iceland, a newly independent state on the northern European periphery, responded to the international agenda for post-war stabilisation set out by economic experts after the turmoil of the First World War. It shows that the government of the so-called Austerity Alliance, led by J & oacute;n & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson, adopted austerity policies devised at the international financial conferences in Brussels (1920) and Genoa (1922). To please external experts and creditors, it implemented a comprehensive fiscal and monetary policy of austerity and created a new central bank that was independent of politics. The aim, however, was not to divorce markets from government in a return to a pre-war era of laissez-faire as the scholarly literature suggests. Offering the first analysis of 'the Icelandic business cycle', the & THORN;orl & aacute;ksson government enforced austerity by carving out 'the economy' - a measurable entity legible to expert management - that greatly expanded the role of the state.",
-        "output": "Engineering the Economy through Austerity: The Influence of International Economic Expertise in Iceland after the First World War",
+        "input": "Marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold-spells (MCSs) are prolonged oceanic extreme temperature events that can severely impact large-scale ecosystems, fisheries, and human activities with consequent socioeconomic impacts. Although some studies have contributed valuable insights into the vertical structure and related mechanisms of MHWs, equivalent research on MCSs remains unclear. Thus, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the vertical structures and related mechanisms of MHWs and MCSs remains area of an active research. In this study, we classified MHWs/MCSs into two types in the Kuroshio Extension region: extended MHWs/MCSs that can extend through more than 70% of the water column and shallow MHWs/MCSs that are restricted from the surface layer to less than 70% of the water column. Analysis revealed that shallow events are characterized by stronger intensity and shorter duration compared with extended events. All shallow events are driven by surface heat flux anomalies, with shortwave radiation (latent heat flux) mostly inducing those in MHWs (MCSs). However, extended MHWs/MCSs are primarily driven by ocean anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies. These findings provide deeper understanding of the statistical characteristics, vertical structures, and physical drivers of MHWs and MCSs.",
+        "output": "Vertical structures and drivers of marine heatwaves and cold-spells in the Kuroshio Extension region",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Lucknow, Jan 11 (IANS) Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Thursday virtually launched Indigo Airlines' direct air service between Ayodhya and Ahmedabad at an event held at his official residence.Devotees/tourists who wish to have darshan of Lord Ram now have the option of taking the direct flight from Ahmedabad to reach Ayodhya.Addressing the occasion, the chief minister said, \"With this direct flight, Ayodhya has become directly connected to Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad is the second place after Delhi to be connected to Ayodhya through air service. Starting from January 15, there will also be flight services between Ayodhya and Mumbai.\"He said that another flight service between Delhi and Ayodhya will start on January 16. He further highlighted that improved air services contribute significantly to tourism and business activities.The chief minister mentioned that the number of air passengers in the state had increased from 59.97 lakh in the financial year 2016-17 to 96.02 lakh in the financial year 2022-23, representing a growth rate of 29.46 per cent in the past three years.He informed that in 2016-17, Lucknow airport received 39.68 lakh passengers, Varanasi had 19.16 lakh, Gorakhpur 54,000, and Prayagraj received 45,000.In 2022-23, however, UP recorded massive jump in the tourists' footfall with Lucknow receiving 52.20 lakh, Varanasi 25.21 lakh, Gorakhpur 7.18 lakh, and Prayagraj 5.71 lakh passengers.He emphasised the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, where even an ordinary citizen can travel by air. The state government is committed to realising this vision. He mentioned that five years ago, Ayodhya had a small airstrip, but today Maharishi Valmiki International Airport is operational.He added that Ayodhya is now a sought-after destination for everyone, and the government has improved its connectivity by road, rail, and air, aligning with the Prime Minister's vision.Providing details about the Ayodhya International Airport, he stated that the state government allocated 821 acres of land for it and the Ministry of Civil Aviation developed a world-class airport within the given timeframe.Discussing IndiGo (NS:INGL) Airlines' presence in Uttar Pradesh, he mentioned that IndiGo is providing flight services from 8 cities in Uttar Pradesh including Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Kanpur, Agra, Prayagraj, Bareilly, and Ayodhya. The number of flights is continuously increasing.--IANSamita/svn",
-        "output": "Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launched Indigo Airlines' direct air service between Ayodhya and Ahmedabad, connecting Ayodhya to Ahmedabad after Delhi. The state has witnessed a significant increase in air passengers, with Lucknow airport receiving 52.20 lakh passengers in 2022-23, up from 39.68 lakh in 2016-17.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This Viewpoint describes implications for medicine and public health if the US Supreme Court decides to overturn or narrow Chevron deference.",
+        "output": "Implications for Public Health Regulation if Chevron Deference Is Overturned",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Older critically ill patients experience rapid muscle loss during stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to physiological stress and increased catabolism. This may lead to increased ICU length of stay, delayed weaning from ventilation and persistent functional limitations. We hypothesized that with optimal nutrition and early physical therapy acting in synergism, we can reduce muscle mass loss and improve functional outcomes.METHODS: This was a prospective, single blinded randomized, controlled single-center pilot study to compare the lean muscle mass (measured at bilateral quadriceps femoris using ultrasound) of older ICU patients at 4 time points over 14 days between the control and intervention groups. The control group received standard weight-based empiric feeding and standard ICU physiotherapy. The intervention group received indirect calorimetry directed feeding adjusted daily and 60min per day of cycle ergometry. 21 patients were recruited and randomized with 11 patients in the control arm and 10 patients in the intervention arm. Secondary outcome measures included ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, functional assessments of mobility and assessment of strength.RESULTS: Median age was 64 in the control group and 66 in the intervention group. Median calories achieved was 24.5kcal/kg per day in the control group and 23.3kcal/kg per day in the intervention group. Cycle ergometry was applied to patients in the intervention group for a median of 60min a day and a patient had a median of 8.5 sessions in 14 days. Muscle mass decreased by a median of 4.7cm2 in the right quadriceps femoris in the control group and 1.8cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.19), while the left quadriceps femoris decreased by 1.9cm2 in the control group and 0.1cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.51).CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, we found a trend towards decrease muscle loss in bilateral quadriceps femoris with our combined interventions. However, it did not reach statistical significance likely due to small number of patients recruited in the study. However, we conclude that the intervention is feasible and potentially beneficial and may warrant a larger scale study to achieve statistical significance.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov on 30th May 2018 with identifier NCT03540732.",
-        "output": "Indirect calorimetry directed feeding and cycling in the older ICU population: a pilot randomised controlled trial.",
+        "input": "The unprecedented emotion aroused by the burning of Notre-Dame de Paris on April 15, 2019 implies an attachment to this building whose foundations anthropology attempts to uncover. Therefore, it is also a case of questioning the way in which a heritage can be as universally shared as is the Parisian cathedral. Moreover, in the present of the restoration, which holds the monument at a distance from its users in an unprecedented way, the current investigation aims to understand what happens to this link, as revealed by the catastrophe. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Mediators, users and narratives: The cathedral experience",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ISLAMABAD \u2013 Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves are set to receive a significant boost following the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) latest disbursement. The central bank of Pakistan announced today that it has received $705.6 million from the IMF, which will be reflected in the upcoming foreign exchange reserves update scheduled for January 19, 2024.This recent financial injection comes after the IMF Executive Board acknowledged Pakistan's successful implementation of economic reforms, which paved the way for the release of funds under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). With this disbursement, the total amount received by Pakistan from the IMF under the SBA has now reached approximately $1.9 billion.The IMF's financial support is critical for Pakistan as it continues to navigate through economic challenges. The country has been undertaking a series of reforms aimed at stabilizing its economy, which include measures to improve fiscal balances and to strengthen the country's financial and economic resilience.The central bank's upcoming update on foreign exchange reserves is keenly anticipated by market observers, who view the IMF's continued support as a positive sign for the country's economic health. The increased reserves are likely to provide a cushion against external shocks and may help to improve investor confidence in Pakistan's economy.The disbursement is part of a broader engagement with the IMF, as Pakistan seeks to bolster its economic standing and ensure sustainable growth. The government and the central bank have committed to maintaining the reform momentum in line with the expectations of international financial institutions.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves will receive a boost of $705.6 million from the IMF, bringing the total IMF disbursement under the Stand-By Arrangement to $1.9 billion, supporting Pakistan's economic reforms and strengthening its financial resilience.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective nursing leadership improves health care quality, patient well-being, and nursing staff outcomes. Newly graduated nurses face challenges in transitioning into leadership roles. Thus, examining the leadership development interventions for nursing students is critical.PURPOSE: This systematic review examined the characteristics and effectiveness of leadership development interventions designed for and implemented with undergraduate nursing students.METHODS: A comprehensive search covered Scopus, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, WOS Core Collection, Journals@Ovid, JSTOR Journals, and ERIC databases. Included studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.RESULTS: The final review comprised 19 studies showcasing positive impacts on leadership development. The interventions varied in leadership approach, design and content, structure, qualifications, student involvement, and outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Leadership development interventions are effective in enhancing nursing students' leadership. Nevertheless, future interventions should prioritize well-structured content, and studies must incorporate robust methodologies.",
+        "output": "Systematic Review on Characteristics and Effects of Leadership Development Interventions for Nursing Students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Coastal waters are complex and dynamic areas with unique environmental attributes that complicate the vertical migration of microplastics (MPs). The MPs that enter coastal waters from diverse sources, including terrestrial, riverine, oceanic, and shoreline inputs undergo various aging pathways. In this study, the variations in the physiochemical characteristics of MPs undergoing various aging pathways and their vertical migration under dynamic conditions subjected to the effects of different MP characteristics and coastal environmental features were comprehensively explored. Opposite effects of aging on the vertical migration of hydrophobic and hydrophilic MPs were observed, with aging appearing to promote the dispersion of hydrophobic MPs but enhance the vertical migration of hydrophilic ones. The positive role of salinity and the negative role of humic acid (HA) concentrations on MP vertical migration were identified, and the mechanisms driving these effects were analyzed. Notably, intense turbulence not only promoted the floating of positively buoyant MPs but also reversed the migration direction of negatively buoyant MPs from downward to upward. Aging-induced changes in MP characteristics had a limited effect on MP vertical migration. The inherent characteristics of MPs and the surrounding environmental features, however, played major roles in their vertical migration dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a significant global environmental concern and the coastal zones are the hotspots for MP pollution due to their high population density. This study comprehensively investigated the variations in the physiochemical characteristics of MPs undergoing various aging pathways. Their vertical migration patterns under dynamic conditions subjected to the effects of different MP characteristics and coastal environmental features were revealed. The roles of turbulence and MP density in their migration were identified. The findings of this study have important implications for understanding the transport and determining the ecological risks of MPs in coastal waters.",
-        "output": "Spotlight on the vertical migration of aged microplastics in coastal waters.",
+        "input": "Triethylammonium phosphate wastewater, resulting from the absorption of triethylamine (TEA) exhaust gas by phosphoric acid, poses challenges in environmental protection. In this study, a novel combined process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) and resin adsorption (RA) was proposed. Under the optimal conditions of 50 mA/cm2 and 5 cm/s, more than 96 % of the triethylammonium phosphate in real wastewater was converted into TEA and phosphoric acid during the BMED processes. Its current efficiency of 47 % and an energy consumption rate of 4.26 kWh/kg TEA. Furthermore, the low-concentration wastewater from BMED could be effectively treated through D001 resin at pH 2. Desorption of TEA loaded on D001 resin could be achieved using a 6 wt% phosphoric acid produced from the BMED process, and the concentrated desorption solution could be reprocessed through BMED process. The effluent of RA process could undergo chemical precipitation, thereby contained 18 mg/L COD, 0.43 mg/L TP and less than 3 mg/L TEA, meeting the first-class A standard of the Chinese GB18918-2002 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant. This novel strategy offered an innovative and environmentally friendly method for recycling this type of wastewater within ecological industries.",
+        "output": "Recovery of triethylamine and phosphoric acid from wastewater using a novel hybrid process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and resin adsorption",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The ever-increasing demand for data traffic in recent decades has pushed network operators to give importance to the aspect of infrastructure control to facilitate its scalability and maximize its capacity. A generic lightpath (LP) is deployed starting from a traffic request between a given pair of nodes in a network. LPs are operated in the network based on an estimate of the quality of transmission (QoT), which is derived from the physical layer characteristics of a selected route. Regardless of the model used to estimate QoT, it is necessary to calibrate the model to maximize its accuracy and define minimum design margins. The model calibration process depends significantly on the type of data that can be collected in the field (i.e., type of metric, resolution) and therefore on the available monitoring devices. In this work, a systematic evaluation of the QoT estimation is carried out on a multi-span erbium-doped-fiber-amplified optical line system (OLS) using in the first case only total power monitors and in the second experimentally emulating optical channel monitors (OCMs). Given the type of monitoring devices available, three different physical models are calibrated, and six optimization methods are used to define the optimal configuration of the target gain and tilt parameters of the optical amplifiers, jointly optimizing the working point of all amplifiers (global approach) or proceeding span by span (local approach). Subsequently, the OLS was set in each configuration obtained, and the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) profile was measured at the end. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group",
-        "output": "Local and global optimization methods for optical line control based on quality of transmission",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Implementing digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) in education and practice necessitates understanding nursing students' attitudes and behaviors as end-users toward current and future digital and AI applications.PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the perceived knowledge, attitudes, and skills of nursing students regarding digital transformation, as well as their digital health literacy (DHL) and attitudes toward AI. Furthermore, we investigated the potential correlations among these variables.METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was employed in a Saudi nursing college utilizing a convenience sample of 266 nursing students. A structured questionnaire consisting of six sections was used, covering personal information, knowledge, skills and attitudes toward digital transformation, digital skills, DHL, and attitudes toward AI. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were employed for data analysis.RESULTS: Nursing students exhibited good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward digital transformation services. They possessed strong digital skills, and their DHL and positive attitude toward AI were commendable. Overall, the findings indicated significant positive correlations between knowledge of digital transformation services and all the digital variables measured (p=<0.05). Senior students reported greater digital knowledge and a positive attitude toward AI.CONCLUSION: The study recommends an innovative undergraduate curriculum that integrates opportunities for hands-on experience with digital healthcare technologies to enhance their digital literacy and skills.",
+        "output": "Digital proficiency: assessing knowledge, attitudes, and skills in digital transformation, health literacy, and artificial intelligence among university nursing students.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time. Differences accounted for confounders, including race, ethnicity, and history of chronic underlying conditions. Analyses included 73,140 MAAGE episodes from adults and 18,617 from children who were Kaiser Permanente Northwest members during 2014-2016. Total costs were higher for MAAGE cases relative to non-MAAGE comparators as were costs on the day care was sought and costs during follow-up. Costs of MAAGE are substantial relative to the cost of usual-care medical services, and much of the burden accrues during short-term follow-up.",
-        "output": "Economic Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis among Members of Integrated Healthcare Delivery System, United States, 2014-2016.",
+        "input": "In the literature, different frameworks of probabilistic epistemic logic have been proposed. Most of these frameworks define knowledge or belief by relational structure. In this paper, we explore the relationship between probability and belief, based on the Lockean thesis, and adopt neighborhood semantics that defines belief directly using probability. We provide a sound and weakly complete axiomatization for our framework. We also try to explain the lottery paradox by modelling it within our framework. Moreover, the paper presents findings concerning the relationship between knowledge, belief and probability within various frameworks.",
+        "output": "Probabilistic epistemic logic based on neighborhood semantics",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Whether nutrition messages in popular health magazines differ by country or season has seldom been studied. We assessed the nutrition topics featured in the headlines of Men's Health (MH) and Women's Health (WH) magazines from different countries.METHODS: We sampled MH and WH magazines from Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the UK and the USA. Nutrition-related headlines were categorized as weight loss, weight gain, micronutrients and other.RESULTS: The most frequent topics were Other (44%) and weight loss (41%), while micronutrients represented 4%. Topics related to weight gain were more frequent in MH (19% vs. 2% in WH), while no difference was found for weight loss (44% vs. 37% in WH). On multivariable analysis, weight gain had a higher likelihood of being present in MH than in WH, Odds ratio and (95% confidence interval): 8.3 (2.2-90.9), p=0.002, while no association was found for weight loss: OR 1.1 (0.6-2.0), p=0.80. Weight loss was absent from the US WH and present in two thirds of the Portuguese WH; in MH, weight gain was evenly distributed between countries. Prevalence of the weight loss topic was lower in March (15% vs. 54% in January, p<0.01 by logistic regression) and to a lesser degree in June (35%) and July (35%). No seasonality was found for the weight gain topic.CONCLUSION: In WH and MH magazines, nutrition topics vary according to gender, country, and season. Weight gain remains a male topic, while weight loss is equally prevalent in both women's and men's magazines.",
-        "output": "Women are lean and men are also lean: nutrition titles in women's and men's health magazines.",
+        "input": "Democracy promises accountability via elections; bureaucracy promises coordination via hierarchy. Many scholars believe these properties conflict. We prove, however, that accountability is precisely what unifies democracy and meritocratic (Weberian) bureaucracy. Central to the concept of meritocracy are performance reviews. We prove that a review system where all individuals and groups are accountable must also be democratic. Thus, meritocratic hierarchy, accountability, and democracy are intertwined. But accountability in modern political systems confronts a significant issue. Such systems include many knowledge-intensive specialties, and since specializations are limited to some but not all members of an institution, the full accountability of democracies entails review of specialists by amateurs. We prove that modern political systems necessarily exhibit this tension. It is a hallmark of modern institutions rather than a problem to be solved.",
+        "output": "On Accountability and Hierarchy",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "LONDON - Hunting PLC (LSE: HTG), a precision engineering group, today provided a trading update confirming its 2023 financial performance aligns with previous guidance and market expectations. The company anticipates an EBITDA between $96 million and $100 million, with group revenue estimated to range from $925 million to $930 million.This EBITDA reflects an increase from the 7% margin in 2022 to approximately 10.5% for the past year, progressing towards the 14-16% target set for 2025. Hunting's sales order book has seen a significant uptick, currently valued at around $575 million, a 12% rise since the end of the third quarter of 2023 and a 21% increase from the year-end of 2022.The company's balance sheet exhibits robust cash generation in the fourth quarter of 2023, with total cash and bank balances expected to equal borrowings, effectively reaching a net debt position of approximately zero, consistent with the outlook provided in October 2023. Furthermore, Hunting completed the disposal of its remaining oil and gas production assets in the last quarter, aiming to streamline its operations further.In terms of product lines, Hunting's OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods) products, including Premium Connections and Accessories, are projected to see a revenue increase of about 53% compared to 2022. However, Perforating Systems are expected to report a slight revenue decrease of 3-4% due to a roughly 20% drop in the North American rig count. On the other hand, Subsea product lines and Advanced Manufacturing have reported strong growth, with increases of about 40% and 45% in revenue, respectively.The North America operating segment has experienced substantial EBITDA growth, propelled by demand for Premium Connections and Accessories. The Titan (NS:TITN) operating segment has delivered stable results despite a declining US onshore rig count, while the newly formed Subsea Technologies segment has benefited from increased offshore drilling investments.For 2024, Hunting maintains its EBITDA forecast of $125 million to $135 million, bolstered by the robust sales order book. This outlook aligns with current market expectations.Hunting, established in 1874 and headquartered in London with a corporate office in Houston, operates across the United Kingdom, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the United States. The company's financial reporting is in US dollars across five segments: Hunting Titan, North America, Subsea Technologies, EMEA, and Asia Pacific.This news article is based on a press release statement from Hunting PLC.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Hunting PLC's 2023 financial performance aligns with expectations, with EBITDA estimated between $96 million and $100 million and revenue between $925 million and $930 million. The company's sales order book has increased by 12% since Q3 2023, and it expects to reach a net debt position of approximately zero by the end of 2023.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This study investigates the intricate and enduring interplay of historical events, human activities, and natural processes shaping the landscape of North European Plain in western Poland over 230years. Topographic maps serve as reliable historical data sources to quantify changes in forest, grassland, and wetland areas, scrutinizing their fragmentation and persistence. The primary objectives are to identify the permanent areas of the landscape and propose a universal cartographic visualization method for effectively mapping these changes. Using topographic maps and historical data, this research quantifies land cover changes, especially in forest, grassland, and wetland areas. With the help of retrogressive method we process raster historical data into vector-based information. Over time, wetlands experienced a substantial reduction, particularly in 1960-1982, attributed to both land reclamation and environmental factors. Grassland areas fluctuated, influenced by wetland and drier habitat dynamics. Fragmentation in grassland areas poses biodiversity and ecosystem health concerns, whereas forested areas showed limited fluctuations, with wetland forests nearly disappearing. These findings highlight wetland ecosystems' sensitivity to human impacts and emphasize the need to balance conservation and sustainable development to preserve ecological integrity. This study advances landscape dynamics understanding, providing insights into historical, demographic, economic, and environmental transformations. It underscores the imperative for sustainable land management and conservation efforts to mitigate human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity in the North European Plain.",
+        "output": "Permanent areas and changes in forests, grasslands, and wetlands in the North European Plain since the eighteenth century-a case study of the Koscian Plain in Poland.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Stifel upgraded   Dutch Bros   Inc. (NYSE:BROS) to a Buy rating (From Hold) and raised their 12-month price target on the stock to $35.00 (From $32.00) following leadership changes and a shift in market strategy.Before the ICR Conference, Dutch Bros revealed leadership changes. Sumitro Ghosh was named as the company\u2019s the new President of Operations, Jess Elmquist will take on the role of Chief People Officer, and Joshua Guenser is BROS new CFO, succeeding Charley Jemley who retired in February. Brian Maxwell shifts from COO to the position of Vice Chairman and reports to Co-founder and Executive Chairman Trav Boersma.\u201cWe commend Trav and Christine for working to build the team and a transition plan to ensure the company has a high probability of achieving its long-term targets.\u201d Wrote analysts at Stifel in a note.Stifel added, \u201cAny transition carries some risk, so investors should monitor management turnover and the success of key initiatives, but we are encouraged by the proactive moves.\u201dIn March 2023, the company adjusted the points awarded per purchase in its Dutch Rewards program, which constitutes around 65% of total transactions. The savings from this modification were redirected towards targeted offers for members and promotions aimed at encouraging additional purchases.In June 2023, new CMO Tana Davila aims to boost brand awareness by using more paid media and expanding community-building activities, like sponsoring events such as the Big 12 Championship in Texas.Additionally, the company is engaging in more community-building activities, similar to the approaches taken by Raising Cane's and Chick-fil-A.Shares of BROS are up 0.43% in mid-day trading on Tuesday.",
-        "output": "Stifel upgraded Dutch Bros (BROS) to Buy, raising its price target to $35 due to leadership changes and a shift in market strategy, including adjustments to its Dutch Rewards program and increased brand awareness efforts.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: In the era of Gavi's 5.0 vision of leaving no one behind with immunization, childhood routine vaccination in missed communities is considered as a priority concern. Despite having a success story at the national level, low uptake of immunization is still persistent in selected pocket areas of Bangladesh. However, prevalence and the associated factors of zero-dose (ZD) and under-immunization (UI) are still unknown at those geo-pockets of Bangladesh. Thus, the study aims to report and identify the factors associated with ZD and UI in selected geographical locations.METHODS: This study used data from a Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) survey where 504 households from 18 clusters of four hard to reach (HTR) and one urban slum were included. Caregivers of children aged 4.5 to 23months were interviewed. Three outcome variables- ZD, UI and ZD/UI were considered and several related attributes were considered as independent variables. Data were analyzed through bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression and dominance analysis.RESULTS: Overall, 32% of the children were either ZD (8%) or UI (26%) in the selected areas. The adjusted odds of ZD/UI for urban slum and haor (wetlands) areas were 5.62 and 3.61 respectively considering coastal areas as reference. However, distance of nearest EPI center, availability of EPI card, age of caregivers, education and occupation of mother and number of earning members in household were influential factors for ZD/UI. According to dominance analysis, availability of EPI card can explain the most of the variation of ZD/UI in this study.CONCLUSION: The study findings highlight the high prevalence ZD/UI in certain geo-pockets of the country. It provided a powerful insight of current situation and associated factors in regards to ZD/UI in the country which will help policy-makers and programme managers in designing programmes to reduce missed communities in Bangladesh.",
+        "output": "Prevalence of and factors associated with zero-dose and under-immunized children in selected areas of Bangladesh: Findings from Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Survey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: In Thailand, the national health care system and nationwide standard treatment protocols have evolved over time, potentially influencing the trends in the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers. However, further investigations are required to comprehensively study these trends in Khon Kaen, Thailand.METHODS: Childhood cancer patients aged 0-14years (n=541) who were diagnosed with one of the five most common cancers between 2000 and 2019 from the population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the demographic data, which are presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The trends in incidence between 2000 and 2019, including age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs), were analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Survival analysis was performed for 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) according to the Pohar Perme estimator and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.RESULTS: The ASRs of the overall top 5 childhood cancer groups were 67.96 and 106.12 per million person-years in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Overall, the APC significantly increased by 2.37% each year for both sexes. The overall 5-year RSRs were 60.5% for both sexes, 58.2% for males, and 63.9% for females. The highest 5-year RSR was for germ cell tumours (84.3%), whereas the lowest 5-year RSR was for neuroblastoma (29.1%).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, varied according to sex. The incidence trends increased over time, meanwhile, the relative survival rates rose to satisfactory levels and were comparable to those of other nations with similar financial status. The implementation of national health policies and adherence to national treatment guidelines have improved cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.",
-        "output": "Trends in incidence and survival of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2000-2019): a population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry study.",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Contemporary estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) rates in pregnancy are lacking in Canada. Accordingly, this study examined trends in the rates of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and gestational (GDM) DM in Canada over a 15-year period, and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes.METHODS: This study used repeated cross-sectional data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) hospitalization discharge abstract database (DAD). Maternal delivery records were linked to their respective birth records from 2006 to 2019. The prevalence of T1DM, T2DM and GDM were calculated, including relative changes over time, assessed by a Cochrane-Armitage test. Also assessed were differences between provinces and territories in the prevalence of DM.RESULTS: Over the 15-year study period, comprising 4,320,778 hospital deliveries in Canada, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of GDM and T1DM and T2DM. Compared to pregnancies without DM, all pregnancies with any form of DM had higher rates of hypertension and Caesarian delivery, and also adverse infant outcomes, including major congenital anomalies, preterm birth and large-for-gestational age birthweight.CONCLUSION: Among 4.3million pregnancies in Canada, there has been a rise in the prevalence of DM. T2DM and GDM are expected to increase further as more overweight women conceive in Canada.",
+        "output": "Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy across Canada.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shimla, Jan 10 (IANS) A four-member multi-institutional team of scientists, comprising a scientist from Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry in Himachal Pradesh\u2019s Nauni, has been granted a patent on \u2018antifungal properties of nanoparticles\u2019.Monica Sharma, who is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology at the university\u2019s College of Horticulture and Forestry in Hamirpur, is one of the inventors in the patent along with scientists of Amity University and ISRC, Shimla.The nanoparticles have the potential to be used as new antimycotic agents and hence could be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the management of diseases in crops.Nanoparticles have high reactivity for their target sites and hence affect the growth and activity of fungal pathogens even at very low concentrations.Monica Sharma has been working in the field of antifungal properties of nanoparticles for the last six years and has published research papers in journals of international repute with high impact factors.--IANSvg/rad",
-        "output": "A four-member team of scientists, including Monica Sharma from Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, has been granted a patent on 'antifungal properties of nanoparticles'. These nanoparticles have the potential to be used as new antimycotic agents and hence could be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the management of diseases in crops.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The pollution of antibiotics in aquatic environments has received extensive attention. Yet, research on antibiotic contamination in river-lake systems, a significant form of modern aquatic environments, still needs to be explored. This study focuses on the Chaohu Basin (China) investigating the occurrence characteristics, influencing factors, and risk assessments of antibiotics in the river-lake system. The total antibiotic concentrations in the water phase and sediment phase were 3.14-1887.49 ng/L and 0.92-1553.75 ng/g, respectively. Clindamycin was the predominant antibiotic in the water phase, whereas tetracycline prevailed in the sediment phase. Notable differences in concentration and structural composition of antibiotics between the tributaries (river system) and Chaohu Lake were observed, indicating the involvement of various geochemical processes in the attenuation of antibiotics during transport to the receiving lake. Spatial analysis suggested that the western river is the primary source of antibiotics in Chaohu Lake. Controlling nutrient influx in heavily polluted areas is crucial to addressing the escalating issue of antibiotic pollution in the river-lake system. The widespread occurrence of clindamycin in the waters is likely due to wastewater treatment plant discharges, and high-intensity human activities continue to exacerbate antibiotic contamination. Risk assessment indicated that sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, lincomycin, and clindamycin ranked in the top four with the highest risks to the most sensitive aquatic organisms. Nonetheless, the antibiotics presented no risk to consumer health. This study provides valuable insights for controlling antibiotic pollution in riverlake systems.",
+        "output": "Comprehensive insight into the occurrence characteristics, influencing factors and risk assessments of antibiotics in the Chaohu Basin",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ATLANTA - Delta Air Lines (NYSE:DAL) has announced a strategic investment in new Airbus A350-1000 aircraft, signaling a shift from its aging Boeing (NYSE:BA) fleet to a more modern Airbus lineup by the end of this decade. This move follows Boeing's cessation of its airplane development program last year.Delta's transition to Airbus comes amid competitive pressures due to increased airline capacity, particularly on transatlantic routes. Despite these challenges and concerns over unit revenues in various markets, Delta remains optimistic about the future of air travel. The airline's confidence is bolstered by current booking trends indicating sustained demand.Financially, Delta has demonstrated resilience, posting an adjusted operating profit of $1.3 billion for the fourth quarter. Looking ahead, the airline projects revenue growth, supported by a moderate capacity expansion in the first quarter. Delta expects to maintain an operating margin of around five percent at the beginning of the year, with an anticipated overall annual revenue increase to $58 billion. This forecast is set despite some fluctuations in total unit revenues.The airline's strategic investment and positive financial outlook underscore its commitment to modernizing its fleet and strengthening its market position in the face of industry headwinds.Delta Air Lines' strategic decision to invest in new Airbus aircraft is a testament to the company's forward-looking approach and its efforts to maintain a competitive edge. In line with this strategy, it's worth noting the performance of other companies in the industry that have shown resilience and growth.For instance, real-time data from InvestingPro indicates that W.P. Carey Inc. (WPC), a company in the diversified real estate sector, has a market capitalization of $14.69 billion and has demonstrated impressive financial metrics. With a P/E ratio of 18.5, which adjusts to 23.89 over the last twelve months as of Q3 2023, and a PEG ratio of 0.43 in the same period, WPC may be trading at a low P/E ratio relative to its near-term earnings growth. This could be of interest to investors looking for value in their stock picks.Additionally, WPC's gross profit margin stands at a remarkable 92.39%, signaling efficient operations and cost control. The company has also maintained dividend payments for 26 consecutive years, which could be appealing to income-focused investors, especially with a dividend yield of 5.17% as of December 2024.InvestingPro Tips highlight that WPC is expected to be profitable this year, with analysts predicting sales growth and profitability over the last twelve months. The company's liquid assets also exceed short-term obligations, providing financial stability.For those intrigued by these insights, InvestingPro offers more valuable tips to guide your investment decisions. With a special Cyber Monday sale, you can now get up to a 60% discount on a subscription. Plus, use coupon code ProW345 to get an additional 10% off a 2-year InvestingPro+ subscription. Check out the full list of 7 additional InvestingPro Tips for WPC at https://www.investing.com/pro/WPC to further inform your investment strategy.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Delta Air Lines is investing in new Airbus A350-1000 aircraft to modernize its fleet and strengthen its market position amid competitive pressures and industry headwinds. Despite concerns over unit revenues, Delta remains optimistic about the future of air travel, projecting revenue growth and an annual revenue increase to $58 billion.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with macrovascular invasion(MaVI)is poor, and the treatment is limited. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), combined with lenvatinib and programmed cell death-1(PD-1) inhibitor in the first-line treatment of HCC with MaVI.METHODS: From July 2020 to February 2022, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with HCC with MaVI who received hepatic arterial infusion FOLFOX(oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin)combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor. The efficacy was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. Kaplan-Meier was used to explore the overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS), and the COX regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of PFS. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to CTCAE5.0.RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with HCC complicated with MaVI were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Among the patients treated with HAIC combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor, ten patients (31.25%) got partial response, eighteen patients (56.25%) maintained stable disease and four patients (12.50%) suffered progressive disease during follow-up; and objective response rate was 31.25%, and disease control rate was 87.5%. The median PFS was 179 days. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that the extrahepatic metastases and Child-Pugh score were independent prognostic factors of PFS. Twenty-two (68.75%) patients suffered adverse reactions. The main AEs were elevated transaminase (46.87%), thrombocytopenia (40.63%), hypoalbuminemia (28.13%), nausea and vomiting (21.88%), leukopenia (18.76%), abdominal pain (15.63%), hypertension (15.63%) and fever (15.63%). There were seven cases (21.88%) that had grade 3 or above AEs; Among them, two cases with elevated transaminase (6.25%), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea occurred in one case respectively. Moreover, no treatment-related death was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic arterial infusion of FOLFOX combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor as the first-line treatment for HCC complicated with MaVI is effective, and adverse reactions are tolerable.",
+        "output": "Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This Viewpoint describes the use of large language model chatbots in social, educational, and therapeutic settings and the need to assess when children are developmentally ready to engage with them.",
-        "output": "Digital Dialogue-How Youth Are Interacting With Chatbots",
+        "input": "Mounting evidence demonstrates that intimate partners sharing risk factors have similar propensities for chronic conditions such as hypertension. The objective was to study whether spousal hypertension was associated with one's own hypertension status independent of known risk factors, and stratified by socio-demographic subgroups (age, sex, wealth quintile, caste endogamy). Data were from heterosexual married couples (n=50,023, women: 18-49years, men: 21-54years) who participated in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-2021). Hypertension was defined as self-reported diagnosis of hypertension or average of three blood pressure measurements\u2265140 systolic or 90mmHg diastolic BP. Among married adults, the prevalence of hypertension among men (38.8years [SD 8.3]) and women (33.9years [SD 7.9]) were 29.1% [95% CI 28.5-29.8] and 20.6% [95% CI 20.0-21.1] respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among both partners was 8.4% [95% CI 8.0-8.8]. Women and men were more likely to have hypertension if their spouses had the condition (husband with hypertension: PR 1.37 [95% CI 1.30-1.44]; wife with hypertension: PR 1.32 [95% CI 1.26-1.38]), after adjusting for known risk factors. Spouse's hypertension status was consistently associated with own status across all socio-demographic subgroups examined. These findings present opportunities to consider married couples as a unit in efforts to diagnose and treat hypertension.",
+        "output": "The association of hypertension among married Indian couples: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "TORONTO -   Alamos Gold Inc  . (TSX:NYSE:AGI; NYSE:AGI) has announced a definitive agreement to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of Orford Mining Corporation (TSXV:ORM), a move that will expand its portfolio with several prospective projects in Quebec, including the Qiqavik Gold Project.Under the terms of the arrangement, Orford shareholders will receive 0.005588 of an Alamos common share for each Orford share, equivalent to C$0.10 per Orford share based on Alamos's recent trading price. Alamos currently holds approximately 27.5% of Orford\u2019s basic common shares outstanding and, excluding this existing ownership, will issue around 0.9 million shares for a total consideration of C$16M.John A. McCluskey, President and CEO of Alamos, expressed that the acquisition aligns with the company's strategy to build a pipeline of high-quality, long-term projects in favorable mining jurisdictions. He highlighted the Qiqavik Gold Project as an attractive early-stage gold project with excellent long-term potential in an underexplored district.The Qiqavik Gold Project covers 438 square kilometers in the Cape Smith Belt, Nunavik, Quebec, and is marked by the Qiqavik Break, a major structure controlling gold mineralization. Exploration since 2016 has identified over 40 targets, including high-grade boulder and gold grain-in-till trends, and outcrop gold showings.Alamos will also acquire interests in the West Raglan, Joutel Properties, and Nunavik Lithium projects, with Wyloo Metals Pty. Ltd. having the option to earn up to 80% of the West Raglan Project for expenditures of C$25M over seven years. The Joutel Eagle Property, adjacent to the past-producing Eagle-Telbel mine, has shown multiple gold zones through drilling.The acquisition is expected to consolidate Alamos's ownership of Orford, resulting in Alamos owning all of Orford\u2019s common shares post-transaction. The news release serves as an early warning report under applicable securities laws, with further details available on the SEDAR+ profile of Orford.Alamos is a Canadian-based intermediate gold producer with diversified production from three operating mines in North America and a portfolio of growth projects. The company is committed to sustainable development standards and trades on the TSX and NYSE under the symbol AGI.This article is based on a press release statement from Alamos Gold Inc.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Alamos Gold Inc. will acquire Orford Mining Corporation for C$16M, adding the Qiqavik Gold Project and other prospective projects in Quebec to its portfolio, aligning with its strategy to build a pipeline of high-quality, long-term projects in favorable mining jurisdictions.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "A famous painting of the 19th century, by Ilia Repin, of a religious procession depicts the pageantry of the event but also draws the attention of the viewer to the exclusion of a disabled child from the festivities.",
+        "output": "Art and Pediatric Orthopaedics: Repin and Inclusiveness.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "This article was created with the help of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more details, refer to our T&C.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess how ChatGPT compares to Google search in assisting medical students during their surgery clerkships.DESIGN: We conducted a crossover study where participants were asked to complete 2 standardized assessments on different general surgery topics before and after they used either Google search or ChatGPT.SETTING: The study was conducted at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (PSOM) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.PARTICIPANTS: 19 third-year medical students participated in our study.RESULTS: The baseline (preintervention) performance of participants on both quizzes did not differ between the Google search and ChatGPT groups (p\u202f=\u202f0.728). Students overall performed better postintervention and the difference in test scores was statistically significant for both the Google group (p < 0.001) and the ChatGPT group (p\u202f=\u202f0.01). The mean percent increase in test scores pre- and postintervention was higher in the Google group at 11% vs. 10% in the ChatGPT group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p\u202f=\u202f0.87). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in postintervention scores on both assessments between the 2 groups (p\u202f=\u202f0.508). Postassessment surveys revealed that all students (100%) have known about ChatGPT before, and 47% have previously used it for various purposes. On a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest, the feasibility of ChatGPT and its usefulness in finding answers were rated as 8.4 and 6.6 on average, respectively. When asked to rate the likelihood of using ChatGPT in their surgery rotation, the answers ranged between 1 and 3 (Unlikely 47%), 4 to 6 (intermediate 26%), and 7 to 10 (likely 26%).CONCLUSION: Our results show that even though ChatGPT was comparable to Google search in finding answers pertaining to surgery questions, many students were reluctant to use ChatGPT for learning purposes during their surgery clerkship.",
+        "output": "Evaluating The Role of ChatGPT as a Study Aid in Medical Education in Surgery.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Medical education in the US has contributed to institutionalized racism through historically exclusionary practices, which has led to health disparities and inequities in health care today. The 1910 Flexner report, which favored schools with greater resources, led to the closure of nearly half of medical schools in the Us, which were mostly small schools located in rural communities that served economically disadvantaged, ethnic minority, and female populations. Closing these schools ultimately limited the availability of physicians willing to serve disadvantaged and minority populations in impoverished and underserved communities. In order to transform medical education to be more equitable, medical schools must be proactive in opportunity, diversity, and equity efforts. This not only includes efforts in admissions and faculty hiring, but also curricula related to social and health disparities, interracial interactions between students and faculty, and service learning activities that engage and work with marginalized communities. The University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine has a longstanding commitment to diversity, which is integral to the school's mission. Providing opportunities to underserved populations has been a priority since establishment of the school. As one of the most diverse univeristies in the US, the school of medicine continues to focus on opportunity, diversity, and equity priorities in both its strategic planning and overall mission.",
-        "output": "Historical Inequities in Medical Education - Commitment to Opportunity, Diversity, and Equity at the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine.",
+        "input": "Two Boeing 737-MAX passenger planes crashed in October 2018 and March 2019, suspending all 737-MAX aircraft. The crashes put Boeing's corporate practices and culture under the spotlight. The main objective of this paper is to use the case of Boeing to highlight the importance of efficient employee grievance redressal mechanisms and an independent external regulator. The methodology adopted is a qualitative analysis of statements of various whistleblowers and Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) stakeholders. It suggests that employee feedback flowing up the chain of command should be more flexible and dealt with more seriousness. It recommends that companies adopt a cooling-off period or a lifetime restriction for employees who have gone through the revolving door between regulators and the industry. The Boeing 737-MAX case, which emphasizes the ethical obligations of the job, can offer value to engineers, engineering educators, managers, ombudsmen, and human resource professionals.",
+        "output": "Employee Grievance Redressal and Corporate Ethics: Lessons from the Boeing 737-MAX Crashes",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "\u201cThere was demand for the dollar from importers,\u201d said Amit Pabari, managing director at CR Forex. \u201cThe Reserve Bank of India was absent from the market on Monday,\u201d he added.The local currency is expected to trade in the range of Rs 83.1 to Rs 83.45 per dollar in the current week.In November, the Indian unit has depreciated by 0.1 per cent.In the current financial year (2023-24), the rupee has depreciated by 1.4 per cent, while in the current calendar year, it has depreciated by 0.7 per cent so far. However, it had appreciated by 0.16 per cent in the first six months of the current calendar year due to robust foreign inflows.Meanwhile, the yield on the benchmark 10-year government bond rose by 4 basis points (bps) to settle at 7.26 per cent on Monday as mutual funds (MFs) sold bonds at a profit, according to dealers.\u201cThere was selling by MFs as they were booking profit,\u201d a dealer at a primary dealership said.The 10-year benchmark yield settled at 7.22 per cent on Friday.\u201cThere was some profit booking, and another thing is inflationary fears. Crude oil rose to almost $82 per barrel. Traders would have considered that,\u201d said Dwijendra Srivastava, executive vice-president and chief investment officer of debt at Sundaram Asset Management Company.Brent crude futures, the global oil benchmark, rose by 0.7 per cent to $81.14 per barrel, attributed to Saudi Arabia, the world\u2019s largest oil exporter, planning to extend oil production cuts into the next year.Additionally, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries+ is contemplating further cuts in response to decreasing prices and escalating tensions related to the Israel-Hamas conflict.The market is eagerly awaiting the release of the minutes of the Fed meeting scheduled for Wednesday. However, the market believes that the US rate-setting panel might be done with rate hikes given the recent favourable economic data.According to the CME FedWatch Tool, 99.8 per cent of traders expect the Fed to keep rates unchanged in December, while the remaining traders expect a 25-bp hike.",
-        "output": "The Indian rupee depreciated against the US dollar on Monday due to demand from importers and the absence of the Reserve Bank of India in the market. The rupee is expected to trade between Rs 83.1 and Rs 83.45 per dollar this week.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the female reproductive system and is regarded as a prominent cause of female mortality on a global scale. Timely and precise detection of various phases of cervical cancer holds the potential to substantially enhance both the rate of successful treatment and the duration of patient survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for detecting the biochemical changes that arise during cancer progression. In our study, fluorescence spectral data is collected from a diverse group of 110 subjects. The potential of the scattering transform technique for the purpose of cancer detection is explored. The processed signal undergoes an initial decomposition into scattering coefficients using the wavelet scattering transform (WST). Subsequently, the scattering coefficients are subjected to computation for fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, phase entropy, and spectral entropy, for effectively characterizing the fluorescence spectral signals. These combined features generated through the proposed approach are then fed to 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to classify them into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous categories, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. We obtained mean classification accuracy of 97% using 5-fold cross-validation. This demonstrates the potential of combining WST and entropic features for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy signals using 1D CNN classifier that enables early cancer detection in contrast to prevailing diagnostic methods.",
+        "output": "Wavelet scattering transform and entropy features in fluorescence spectral signal analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective skills and training for physicians are essential for communicating difficult or distressing information, also known as breaking bad news (BBN). This study aimed to assess both the capacity and the practices of clinicians in Pakistan regarding BBN.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 clinicians. Quantitative component used a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 13 medical educationists. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.RESULTS: While most clinicians acknowledged their responsibility of delivering difficult news, only a small percentage had received formal training in BBN. Areas for improvement include time and interruption management, rapport building, and understanding the patients' point of view. Prognosis and treatment options were not consistently discussed. Limited importance is given to BBN in medical education.DISCUSSION: Training in BBN will lead to improved patient and attendants' satisfaction, and empathetic support during difficult times.",
-        "output": "Breaking bad news: A mix methods study reporting the need for improving communication skills among doctors in Pakistan.",
+        "input": "As urbanization continues to spread rapidly, the competition for space among urban, agricultural, and natural land uses is becoming increasingly fierce. The urgent question is how to harness the advantages of urbanization while mitigating its potentially harmful consequences. This research extends analytical framework of land sharing and sparing to urban land use and provides a comparable quantification approach to determine the comprehensive impact of urban services, food production, and ecosystem services. The results show that the overall value loss of the land sparing scenario is 23.6% lower than that of the sharing scenario on average, and the Eco-sparing scenario exhibits the smallest loss, which is only 55.4% of that under the Urb-sharing scenario. While land-sparing strategies mitigate the loss of local food production and ecosystem services, fostering a potentially mutually beneficial outcome, they also elevate the cost of accessing urban services. This creates a delicate trade-off between urban services and food production/ecosystem services, ultimately posing challenges in achieving an optimal win-win situation. The key contribution of this paper lies in extending the land sharing and sparing framework to urban areas, agricultural land, and ecosystems. It also introduces methods to quantitatively assess trade-offs among these land uses. This extended framework for land use offers insights into spatial competition due to urbanization and provides decision-making analysis tools for land use and planning.",
+        "output": "Sharing or sparing? The trade-offs among urban services, food production and ecosystem services",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Hewlett Packard Enterprise (NYSE:HPE) is reportedly in advanced negotiations to acquire Juniper Networks (NYSE:JNPR) for approximately $13 billion, according to the WSJ.The move is aimed at strategically positioning HPE in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). WSJ reports that an official announcement regarding the deal could be made as soon as this week.HPE shares fell 7.7% in pre-market Tuesday while Juniper stock was up nearly 23%.As of the latest closing, HPE's shares were valued at $17.72, translating to an approximate market capitalization of $23 billion. On the other hand, Juniper Networks, a former tech-bubble-era favorite, concluded Monday's trading at $30.22, with a market value of around $9.6 billion. Analysts at Evercore ISI believe the deal makes sense from a financial basis.\u201cThe strategic questions will range from \u2013 what happens to JNPR\u2019s SP segment to how does HPE differentiate between Aruba & Mist to their customer base. Though, JNPR\u2019s biggest challenge in scaling Mist has been goto-market that HPE could provide,\u201d analysts said in a note.",
-        "output": "Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) is in advanced negotiations to acquire Juniper Networks (JNPR) for approximately $13 billion to strategically position HPE in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). HPE shares fell 7.7% in pre-market Tuesday while Juniper stock was up nearly 23%.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the processes involved in the construction of the perception of a cross-border sustainable tourism destination image in peripheral regions. The research presented was conducted using an empirical approach that merges qualitative and quantitative techniques. The main results of this study include the identification of the key components that contribute to the formation of the image of a sustainable cross-border tourist destination in the region encompassing Alcoutim (Portugal) and Sanlucar de Guadiana (Spain).",
+        "output": "Cross-border destination image for sustainable tourism development in peripheral areas",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Turbine blades recovered from the Apollo Saturn V rocket F-1 engines were examined to determine an appropriate conservation protocol. Significant corrosion damage was observed in the turbine blades which appear to be made of a nickel based gamma-gamma ' superalloy. Pitting corrosion appears to have breached the surface of the turbine blades, and subsequently a form of dealloying corrosion preferentially attacked the gamma ' phase. This corrosion left behind a thin network of interconnected gamma phase, causing a severe loss of density of the blades and fragility of the blades. The particular alloy used for these turbine blades does not appear to be a known production alloy and may have been developed specifically for use in the F-1 rocket engines, with an increased concentration of refractory (Mo, Nb) elemental additions. The analytical results helped conservators determine a suitable treatment protocol for more than 400 blades and 100 fragments from four recovered turbines.",
-        "output": "Metallurgical Analysis and Conservation of Turbine Blades from Recovered Apollo F-1 Engines",
+        "input": "In this research work, a novel fuzzy data transformation technique has been proposed and applied to the hormonal imbalance dataset. Hormonal imbalance is ubiquitously found principally in females of reproductive age which ultimately leads to numerous related medical conditions. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of them. Treatment along with adopting a healthy lifestyle is advised to mitigate its consequences on the quality of life. The biological dataset of hormonal imbalance PCOS provides limited results that is whether the syndrome is present or not. Also, there are input variables that contain binary responses only, to deal with this conundrum, a novel fuzzy data transformation technique has been developed and applied to them thus leading to their fuzzy transformation which provides a broader spectrum to diagnose PCOS. Due to this, the output variable has also been transformed. Hence, a novel fuzzy transformation technique has been employed due to the limitation of the dataset leading to the transition of binary classification output into three classes. An adaptive fuzzy machine learning logic model is developed in which the inference of the transformed biological dataset is performed by the machine learning techniques that provide the fuzzy output. Machine learning techniques have also been applied to the untransformed biological dataset. Both implementations have been compared by computation of the relevant metrics. Machine learning employment on untransformed biological dataset provides limited results whether the syndrome is present or absent however machine learning on fuzzy transformed biological dataset provides a broader spectrum of diagnosis consisting of a third class depicting that PCOS might be present which would ultimately alert a patient to take preventive measures to minimize the chances of syndrome development in future.",
+        "output": "Fuzzy machine learning logic utilization on hormonal imbalance dataset.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Seoul, Jan 13 (IANS) LG Electronics has opened its first plant in the U.S. for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, as part of its strategy to advance into the fast-growing EV charging solutions business.The factory based in Fort Worth, Texas, has an annual capacity of over 10,000 units, according to LG Electronics.LG said earlier its 11 kilowatt wall-mounted and stand-type slow chargers, and 175 kW fast-charging models will be available in the U.S. market in the first half of 2024, reports Yonhap news agency.The company said 11 kW units are equipped with a load management solution that automatically controls the output according to the power situation in commercial spaces, such as shopping malls and supermarkets, providing stable quality charging services even with limited power capacity.The fast-charging model will support both Combined Charging Standard version 1 and North American Charging Standard connectors to provide a more convenient charging experience for customers.LG said it will expand its EV charger lineup for commercial and long-distance travel.The South Korean company, which began developing EV charging solutions in 2018, has been focusing on the booming business since it acquired HiEV Charger, formerly known as AppleMango, a South Korean electric vehicle battery charger developer, in 2022.It was part of LG's plans to strengthen its business portfolio by creating synergies with its EV components business, regarded as the company's future growth drive.--IANS",
-        "output": "LG Electronics has opened its first EV charging station plant in the U.S., located in Fort Worth, Texas, with an annual capacity of over 10,000 units. The plant will produce 11 kW slow chargers and 175 kW fast-charging models for the U.S. market, available in the first half of 2024.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "This paper proposes a technique for the generation of a disparity map from a real scene, captured by a stereo vision system. The underlying motivation for this work is to develop a system not requiring the use of a calibration pattern, which usually involves manual intervention. This is a well desired feature to allow its use in the design of aid devices for people with severe visual impairment or blindness. Experimental results showed that the developed technique has a level of effectiveness similar to other two well established techniques found in the literature, making it a promising alternative to be employed in situations where the calibration step becomes a burden to the user.",
+        "output": "Technique to Generate Depth Maps from Real Scenes without Manual Calibration",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "ENGLEWOOD, Colo. - EchoStar Corporation (NASDAQ:SATS), a global provider of satellite communication solutions, has announced the completion of strategic transactions aimed at enhancing its business flexibility following its merger with   DISH Network   Corporation (NASDAQ:DISH). The transactions are designed to optimize the company's strategic and financial positioning.The merger, which combined DISH Network's technology with EchoStar's satellite communications, has positioned the newly formed entity as a leader in wireless connectivity. The latest transactions involve the transfer of various wireless spectrum licenses from DISH Network to EchoStar Wireless Holding L.L.C., a wholly-owned subsidiary of EchoStar. The licenses transferred include AWS-4, H-Block, CBRS, C-Band - Cheyenne, and others, while DISH Network retains ownership of 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 3.45 GHz, and AWS-3 spectrum licenses.Furthermore, DISH Network has restructured its subsidiaries, designating certain entities as \"Unrestricted Subsidiaries,\" which allows for greater financial maneuverability. Approximately 3.0 million DISH TV subscribers are held by the newly unrestricted DBS Subscriber Subsidiary. This restructuring is expected to provide DISH DBS access to a significant portion of the net cash generated from its pay-TV subscriber base.Additionally, a $4.7B receivable related to a term loan facility between DISH Network and DBS has been assigned to EchoStar Intercompany Receivable Company L.L.C., another wholly-owned subsidiary of EchoStar. EchoStar President and CEO Hamid Akhavan highlighted that these moves are instrumental in positioning EchoStar to achieve its strategic goal of becoming a premier provider of terrestrial mobile, satellite connectivity, and content services.As part of its ongoing strategic evaluation, EchoStar is working with financial advisor Houlihan Lokey (NYSE:HLI) and legal advisor White & Case LLP to explore potential strategic alternatives.This news is based on a press release statement from EchoStar Corporation. The company cautions that this news release may contain forward-looking statements subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "EchoStar Corporation has completed strategic transactions to enhance its business flexibility after merging with DISH Network, including transferring wireless spectrum licenses and restructuring subsidiaries to optimize financial positioning. EchoStar is exploring potential strategic alternatives with financial advisor Houlihan Lokey and legal advisor White & Case LLP.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Drones are widespread and actively employed in a variety of applications due to their low cost and quick mobility and enabling new forms of action surveillance. However, owing to various challenges- limited no. of aerial view samples, aerial footage suffers with camera motion, illumination changes, small actor size, occlusion, complex backgrounds, and varying view angles, human action recognition in aerial videos even more challenging. Maneuvering the same, we propose Aerial Polarized-Transformer Network (AP-TransNet) to recognize human actions in aerial view using both spatial and temporal details of the video feed. In this paper, we present the Polarized Encoding Block that performs (i)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\text{i}})$$\\end{document} Selection with Rejection to select the significant features and reject least informative features similar to Light photometry phenomena and (ii)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\text{ii}})$$\\end{document} boosting operation increases the dynamic range of encodings using non-linear softmax normalization at the bottleneck tensors in both channel and spatial sequential branches. The performance of the proposed AP-TransNet is evaluated by conducting extensive experiments on three publicly available benchmark datasets: drone action dataset, UCF-ARG Dataset and Multi-View Outdoor Dataset (MOD20) supporting with ablation study. The proposed work outperformed the state-of-the-arts.",
+        "output": "AP-TransNet: a polarized transformer based aerial human action recognition framework",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "MOUNTAIN VIEW - Google (NASDAQ:GOOGL) has announced a restructuring of its sales team, primarily affecting roles within its Large Customer Sales division that cater to its larger advertising customers. This decision, part of an annual process as indicated by Philipp Schindler, Senior Vice President at Google, comes as the tech giant continues to streamline its operations and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into its business. While the company has experienced significant layoffs in the past year, with about 12 percent of its workforce being cut, it remains committed to investing in AI technologies.The layoffs are part of Google's broader strategic shift towards AI, with applications such as product image analysis and search optimization at the forefront of this transition. Despite the reduction in staff, Google is preparing to bolster its support for small businesses by increasing hiring later in the year. This initiative is expected to enhance the company's AI capabilities, further entrenching its role in the digital advertising space.A key part of this restructuring involves elevating the role of the Google Customer Solutions team in ad sales activities. Chris Pappas, a spokesperson for Google reassured that those affected by layoffs have opportunities for other roles within the company. Google's pivot to AI reflects the industry's ongoing trend of automating processes and creating more efficient systems. By focusing on AI, the company aims to deliver improved services to its customers, particularly small businesses that are increasingly reliant on digital advertising for growth.This move aligns with broader industry trends as evidenced by workforce reductions at Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) across Twitch and other divisions as well as at companies such as Discord and Meta (NASDAQ:META). It also follows earlier staff reductions across divisions like Pixel and Nest within Google itself.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Google is restructuring its sales team, primarily affecting its Large Customer Sales division, as part of its annual process and ongoing AI integration. Despite recent layoffs, Google remains committed to investing in AI technologies and plans to increase hiring later in the year to support small businesses.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The majority of existing deep learning-based image denoising algorithms mainly focus on processing the overall image features, ignoring the fine differences between the semantic and pixel features. Hence, we propose Dual-TranSpeckle (DTS), a medical ultrasound image despeckling network built on a dual-path Transformer. The DTS introduces two different paths, named semantic path and pixel path, to facilitate the parallel transfer of feature information within the image. The semantic path passes a global view of the input semantic features, and the image features are passed through a Semantic Block to extract global semantic information from pixel-level features. The pixel path is employed to transmit finer-grained pixel features. Within the dual-path network framework, two essential modules, namely Dual Block and Merge Block, are designed. These leverage the Transformer architecture during the encoding and decoding stages. The Dual Block module facilitates information interaction between the semantic and pixel features by considering the interdependencies across both paths. Meanwhile, the Merge Block module enables parallel transfer of feature information by merging the dual path features, thereby facilitating the self-attention calculations for the overall feature representation. Our DTS is extensively evaluated on two public datasets and one private dataset. The DTS network demonstrates significant enhancements in quantitative evaluation results in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), feature similarity (FSIM), and naturalness image quality evaluator (NIQE). Furthermore, our qualitative analysis confirms that the DTS has significant improvements in despeckling performance, effectively suppressing speckle noise while preserving essential image structures.",
+        "output": "Dual-TranSpeckle: Dual-pathway transformer based encoder-decoder network for medical ultrasound image despeckling.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "The premise that pathogen colonized microplastics (MPs) can promote the spread of pathogens has been widely recognized, however, their role in the colonization of pathogens in a host intestine has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on the colonization levels of Aeromonas veronii, a typical aquatic pathogen, in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) intestine. Multiple types of MPs were observed to promote the intestinal colonization of A. veronii, among which PS-MPs exhibited the most significant stimulating effect (67.18% increase in A. veronii colonization). PS-MPs inflicted serious damage to the intestinal tracts of loaches and induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The abundance of certain intestinal bacteria with resistance against A. veronii colonization decreased, with Lactococcus sp. showing the strongest colonization resistance (73.64% decline in A. veronii colonization). Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed, which revealed that PS-MPs induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis was responsible for the increased colonization of A. veronii in the intestine. It was determined that PS-MPs reshaped the intestinal microbiota community to attenuate the colonization resistance against A. veronii colonization, resulting in an elevated intestinal colonization levels of A. veronii.",
-        "output": "Polystyrene microplastics promote intestinal colonization of Aeromonas veronii through inducing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis",
+        "input": "We analyzed hospital discharge records of patients with coccidioidomycosis-related codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, to estimate the prevalence of hospital visits associated with the disease in Texas, USA. Using Texas Health Care Information Collection data for 2016-2021, we investigated the demographic characteristics and geographic distribution of the affected population, assessed prevalence of hospital visits for coccidioidomycosis, and examined how prevalence varied by demographic and geographic factors. In Texas, 709 coccidioidomycosis-related inpatient and outpatient hospital visits occurred in 2021; prevalence was 3.17 cases per 100,000 total hospital visits in 2020. Geographic location, patient sex, and race/ethnicity were associated with increases in coccidioidomycosis-related hospital visits; male, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients had the highest prevalence of coccidioidomycosis compared with other groups. Increased surveillance and healthcare provider education and outreach are needed to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of coccidioidomycosis in Texas and elsewhere.",
+        "output": "Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hospital Visits, Texas, USA, 2016-2021.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SYDNEY - The S&P/ASX 200 index witnessed a downturn today, closing at 7422.50, as market sentiment was dampened by a combination of international and domestic factors. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission's (ACCC) potential lawsuits against major supermarket chains weighed on investor confidence.The Consumer Staples sector, which includes supermarket giants Woolworths and Coles, was particularly affected by the news of possible legal action from the ACCC. This speculation led to a notable decline in their share prices. Across the sectors, Utilities experienced the most significant drop, falling by 1.43%, which contributed to the broader market's downturn. Communication Services also saw a decrease, albeit a more modest one at 0.41%.Amidst the declines, Qantas Airways managed to buck the trend with its shares moving upward. This rise in Qantas' stock stood in stark contrast to Seven Group Holdings, which encountered a considerable fall in their share value.On a more positive note, the mining sector provided some upbeat news. FireFly Resources and Metals Australia Ltd both reported encouraging exploration outcomes. FireFly Resources announced the expansion of their mineralization zone in Canada, suggesting a potential for increased resource estimates in the future. Metals Australia Ltd shared news of high-grade graphite discoveries at their Lac Rainy Project in Quebec, which could signal promising developments for the company and its stakeholders.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "The S&P/ASX 200 index closed at 7422.50 today, down due to the ACCC's potential lawsuits against major supermarket chains, which impacted the Consumer Staples sector. Despite the downturn, Qantas Airways' shares rose, while Seven Group Holdings' fell.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPS) can cause systemic pollution of the ecological environment, directly threatening sustainable agricultural development and human health and safety. Accurate estimation of ANPS loads, clarification of the sources and spatial distribution patterns of ANPS, and effective control and management of ANPS in the watershed require identifying critical source areas. This case study focuses on the Danjiang River basin, a critical water source for China's South-to-North Water Division and demonstrates the efficiency of ArcGIS's spatial statistical analysis methods in discovering the hidden spatial pattern of ANPS and extracting the causes associated with the spatial pattern, as well as the accuracy of identifying critical source areas of ANPS. In this study, two spatial statistical analysis methods, Anselin local Moran's I and hot-spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), are applied to propose a method for accurately identifying critical source areas of ANPS based on the spatial distribution of ANPS loads. The results of the study are as follows: (1) based on the MIKE LOAD model, the annual ANPS loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the Danhan River basin are calculated as 182,530.15, 16,137.39, 58,285.92, and 2,962.84 t/yr, respectively. (2) Clusters are mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the watershed, and the spatial pattern is directly related to land use and rural population; the spatial pattern of outliers is related to agricultural modes and geographical characteristics. (3) Hot spot clusters are concentrated in the hinterland of Hanzhong Plain; the regional specialty of agriculture is the dominant factor in determining the spatial pattern of cold-spot and hot-spot clusters. (4) Based on these findings, seven critical subbasins and one critical source area of ANPS that need to be prioritized for control in the study area are identified.",
+        "output": "The Application of Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi* to Identify Spatial Patterns and Critical Source Areas of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the predictive functional factors influencing the acquisition of basic activities of daily living performance abilities during the early stages of stroke rehabilitation using classification and regression analysis trees.METHODS: The clinical data of 289 stroke patients who underwent rehabilitation during hospitalization (164 males; mean age: 62.2\u00b113.9 years) were retrospectively collected and analysed. The follow-up period between admission and discharge was approximately 6 weeks. Medical records, including demographic characteristics and various functional assessments with item scores, were extracted. The modified Barthel Index on discharge served as the target outcome for analysis. A good outcome was defined as a modified Barthel Index score \u226575 on discharge, while a modified Barthel Index score <75 was classified as a poor outcome.RESULTS: Two classification and regression analysis tree models were developed. The first model, predicting activities of daily living outcomes based on early motor functions, achieved an accuracy of 92.4%. Among patients with a good outcome, 70.9% exhibited (i) \u22654 points in the sitting-to-standing category in the motor assessment scale and (ii) 32 points on the Berg Balance Scale score. The second model, predicting activities of daily living outcome based on early cognitive functions, achieved an accuracy of 82.7%. Within the poor outcome group, 52.2% had (i) \u226421 points in the visuomotor organization category of Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment, (ii) \u22641 point in the time orientation category of the Mini Mental State Examination.CONCLUSION: The ability to perform sitting-to-standing and visuomotor organization functions at the beginning of rehabilitation emerged as the most significant predictors for achieving successful basic activities of daily living on discharge after stroke.",
-        "output": "Early functional factors for predicting outcome of independence in daily living after stroke: a decision tree analysis.",
+        "input": "Since 2014, our Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey has played a pivotal role in supporting our campaigning and lobbying work, delivering insightful data, raising the profile of vets and their work through the media, driving legislative reform and shaping the profession.",
+        "output": "A decade of amplifying your voice.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "SAN ANTONIO - Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. (NYSE:CFR), a financial holding company, announced today that it will hold a conference call on January 25, 2024, to discuss its earnings for the fourth quarter of 2023. The earnings release will be made available earlier that day at approximately 8:00 a.m. CT.The conference call, scheduled to start at 1:00 p.m. CT, will be led by Phil Green, the Chairman and CEO, alongside Jerry Salinas, the Group Executive Vice President and CFO, and A.B. Mendez, the Senior Vice President and Director of Investor Relations. Following their prepared remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session specifically for the analyst community. However, media and other interested parties are welcome to listen in.For those planning to join the call via telephone, the domestic number to dial is 877-709-8150. Participants are advised to call in five to ten minutes before the conference begins to facilitate a smooth registration process.Additionally, there will be a live webcast of the conference call. Interested individuals can access this webcast by visiting the investor relations section of the company's website at https://investor.frostbank.com/. After the live event, a recording of the webcast will be archived and available for playback after 5:00 p.m. CT on the same day of the conference call.The information for this article is based on a press release statement from Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc.This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.",
-        "output": "Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. will hold a conference call on January 25, 2024, at 1:00 p.m. CT to discuss its earnings for the fourth quarter of 2023. The earnings release will be available at 8:00 a.m. CT that day.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Increased aortic stiffness (arteriosclerosis) is associated with early vascular aging independent of age and sex. The underlying mechanisms of early vascular aging remain largely unexplored in the general population. We aimed to investigate the plasma metabolomic profile in aortic stiffness (vascular aging) and associated risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 6865 individuals from 2 Swedish population-based cohorts. Untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Aortic stiffness was assessed directly by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and indirectly by augmentation index (AIx@75). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was created on plasma metabolites in order to predict aortic stiffness. Associations between metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness and risk of new-onset cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were calculated. Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was positively associated particularly with acylcarnitines, dimethylguanidino valeric acid, glutamate, and cystine. The plasma metabolome predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) with good accuracy (R2=0.27 and R2=0.39, respectively). Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly correlated with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein. After 23years of follow-up, metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Aortic stiffness is associated particularly with altered metabolism of acylcarnitines, cystine, and dimethylguanidino valeric acid. These metabolic disturbances predict increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality after more than 23years of follow-up in the general population.",
+        "output": "Plasma Metabolome Predicts Aortic Stiffness and Future Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality After 23Years of Follow-Up in the General Population.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Light -stabilizing additives may contribute to the overall pollution load of microplastics (MPs) and potentially enter the food chain, severely threatening aquatic life and human health. This study investigated the variation between polystyrene (PS) MPs and phthalocyanine blue (CuPC)-containing MPs before and after photoaging, as well as their effects on Microcystis aeruginosa. The presence of PS -MPs increased cell mortality, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the variation in extracellular components, while the presence of CuPC exacerbated these variations. CuPC-containing MPs caused different increasing trends in superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activities due to electron transfer across the membrane. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the MPs and CuPC affected various cellular processes, with the greatest impact being on cell membranes. Compared with MPs, CuPC negatively affected ribosome and polysaccharide formation. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to MPs and their associated light -stabilizer pollution and imply the necessity for mitigating the pollution of both MPs and light -stabilizers.",
-        "output": "Phthalocyanine blue leaching and exposure effects on Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) of photoaged microplastics",
+        "input": "The research focuses on the characterization of a tephra level extracted from sedimentary sequences obtained from three lacustrine environments from the northern Patagonia Andean range to define the volcano of origin. The dating of the tephra level corresponds to the mid-18th century but there is no scientific record nor geological evidence of this event. The sediment sequences were collected from lakes Nahuel Huapi, Moreno Oeste, and Toncek, in northern Patagonia, located downwind from the Cord'on Caulle Volcanic Complex (CCVC), the potential source, at 45, 86, and 95 km respectively. These environments are frequently impacted by tephra falls from different sources in the Southern Volcanic Zone. Particle morphology, glass and mineral chemistry, together with textural analysis, provided a detailed characterization of the tephra layer recovered at each site. This characterization allowed the association of the tephra material with the CCVC predominantly, with minor Osorno volcano contributions. Historical records of both volcanic systems included eruptions in the mid-18th century (1759 CE and 1752-1796 CE, respectively). Hence, the characterization and the comparison with historical records of volcanic eruptions let us conclude that the tephra is composed of materials dispersed by CCVC in the nearby lakes, whereas contributions from Osorno volcano are observed in environments to the south of the study site, during the mid-18th century. The study demonstrates the potential of this type of detailed characterization in lake sequences to develop and support increasing research on historical volcanic records, helping to improve the knowledge of the volcanic hazard of a region.",
+        "output": "Extending the mid-18th century eruptive record of the Cordon Caulle Volcanic Complex (40,5\u00b0 S) through the study of three lake sedimentary sequences",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Importance Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) compose a competency-based education (CBE) assessment framework that has been increasingly adopted across medical specialties as a workplace-based assessment tool. EPAs focus on directly observed behaviors to determine the level of entrustment a trainee has for a given activity of that specialty. In this narrative review, we highlight the rationale for EPAs in general surgery, describe current evidence supporting their use, and outline some of the practical considerations for EPAs among residency programs, faculty, and trainees. Observations An expanding evidence base for EPAs in general surgery has provided moderate validity evidence for their use as well as practical recommendations for implementation across residency programs. Challenges to EPA use include garnering buy-in from individual faculty and residents to complete EPA microassessments and engage in timely, specific feedback after a case or clinical encounter. When successfully integrated into a program's workflow, EPAs can provide a more accurate picture of residents' competence for a fundamental surgical task or activity compared with other assessment methods. Conclusions and Relevance EPAs represent the next significant shift in the evaluation of general surgery residents as part of the overarching progression toward CBE among all US residency programs. While pragmatic challenges to the implementation of EPAs remain, the best practices from EPA and other CBE assessment literature summarized in this review may assist individuals and programs in implementing EPAs. As EPAs become more widely used in general surgery resident training, further analysis of barriers and facilitators to successful and sustainable EPA implementation will be needed to continue to optimize and advance this new assessment framework.",
-        "output": "Entrustable Professional Activities in Surgery",
+        "input": "ABSTRACT: Walt Whitman is commonly known as a noted American poet of the 19th century, but he also had experience providing nursing care during the American Civil War. He wrote about his experiences and was an early proponent of holistic nursing care. This article reviews the life of Walt Whitman and his legacy related to nursing.",
+        "output": "Walt Whitman and the Art of Nursing.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Needham reiterated a Buy rating and $25.00 price target on   Rivian Automotive  , Inc. (NASDAQ:RIVN) after surveying R1T inventory and updating their Used Vehicle Price Tracker.\u201cOur confidence in R1T demand increases as both the R1T and the R1S continue to outperform in our data.\u201d Wrote Needham analysts.Needham holds an optimistic view on RIVN's Q4 data, highlighting the company's notable progress in sequential production as a significant sign of its manufacturing growth. This development has helped alleviate some concerns about the shutdowns in the '24 R1 production line.Additionally, deliveries have surpassed Needham's expectations. They anticipate that the significant gap between production and deliveries will push up the consensus Q124 delivery estimate. This could potentially drive the stock's performance in the first half of the year, shifting focus away from the current emphasis on 2H gross margin.However, Needham's primary concern regarding RIVN revolves around how R1T inventories are representative of demand. After checking RIVN's inventory in late December and early January, they found approximately 600 available R1T units. Based on past registration numbers, they estimate RIVN delivers around 20 vehicles per day, indicating a 30-day supply of R1T inventory. This places RIVN ahead of other car manufacturers in terms of supply days, even before considering R1S supply constraints.Shares of RIVN are up 0.05% in pre-market trading on Tuesday.",
-        "output": "Needham maintains a Buy rating and $25 price target on Rivian Automotive (RIVN), citing strong R1T demand, progress in sequential production, and higher-than-expected deliveries. However, they express concern about the representativeness of R1T inventories, with approximately 600 units available, indicating a 30-day supply.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Patina formed on ancient glass holds potential to be a useful tool in determining the age of patina and to interpreting its formative environment climatically, pedogenically, hydrochemically and biologically. To date, its usefulness in this regard appears to have been underestimated. However, if patina is to be used as a reliable indicator of age and the environmental conditions underpinning its formation, there needs to be a systematic examination and understanding of its development under controlled laboratory conditions using various types of glass and with various climate types and soil types. As such, to calibrate and interpret the age of patina, processes of its development and products of its formation, we believe that it is useful to produce patina under varying experimental conditions in the laboratory. This paper focuses on the successful experimental development of patina on glass under controlled laboratory conditions and paves the way for further exploration of the rich resource of information that can result from such experimentation. We cannot produce in detail the full range of long-term products of patination.",
+        "output": "Experimental generation of patina on glass",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "We report a cluster of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease identified via genomic surveillance in older adults in England and describe the public health responses. Genomic surveillance is critical for supporting public health investigations and detecting the growing threat of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis infections in older adults.",
-        "output": "Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults Identified by Genomic Surveillance, England, 2022-2023.",
+        "input": "Introduction: Mailed stool testing for colorectal cancer (CRC) may improve screening uptake and reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC, especially among patients at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). To expand screening programs it is important to identify cost-effective approaches.Methods: We developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost, effects on screening and patient outcomes (CRCs detected, CRCs prevented, CRC deaths prevented), and cost-effectiveness of implementing a state-wide mailed stool testing program over 5 years among unscreened, age-eligible (aged 50-75 y) patients at FQHCs in Texas. We compared various outreach strategies and organizational structures (centralized, regional, or a hybrid). We used data from our existing regional mailed stool testing program and recent systematic reviews to set parameters for the model. Costs included start-up and ongoing activities and were estimated in 2022 US dollars from the perspective of a hypothetical third-party payer. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by using both incremental and average cost-effectiveness ratios.Results: Using either a statewide centralized or hybrid organizational configuration to mail stool tests to newly eligible FQHC patients and patients who have responded at least once since program inception is likely to result in the best use of resources over 5 years, enabling more than 110,000 additional screens, detecting an incremental 181 to 194 CRCs, preventing 91 to 98 CRCs, and averting 46 to 50 CRC deaths, at a cost of $10 million to $11 million compared with no program.Conclusions: A statewide mailed stool testing program for FQHC patients can be implemented at reasonable cost with considerable effects on CRC screening outcomes, especially when its structure maximizes program efficiency while maintaining effectiveness.",
+        "output": "Costs and Projected Effect of a Federally Qualified Health Center-Based Mailed Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Texas.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Both Morgan Stanley and Bank of America released notes covering Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) on Thursday, maintaining their bullish stances on the stock. Morgan Stanley analysts, who have an Overweight rating on the stock, upped the Amazon price target to $185 per share. They said the tech powerhouse is primed for durable earnings per share (EPS) and free cash flow (FCF). Prime Video ads and North American retail efficiencies are driving durable multi-year profitability, said the analysts. \"We raise '24/25 EBIT/EPS by ~9%/14% driven by 1) Prime Video ads (coming 1/29) and 2) faster improvements in N.A. retail profitability (fulfillment/shipping efficiency, merch margins).\" Morgan Stanley now models $5.55 of 2025 EPS and $7.40 of FCF/share. The analysts noted that even the bank's new $185 price target implies a discount to tech/retail peers.Meanwhile, Bank of America analysts raised the bank's price target for Amazon to $185 from $168, reiterating a Buy rating. Bank of America noted that Amazon's management sees a \u201cgigantic\u201d opportunity for AI-driven demand, and they believe AWS acceleration and greater visibility on Cloud AI revenues will be key positives in 2024. \"Logistics as a Service (LaaS) traction, appreciation of Amazon\u2019s AI chip technology, and Prime ads strength are other potential positives,\" wrote the analysts.",
-        "output": "Morgan Stanley and Bank of America raised their price targets for Amazon to $185, citing durable EPS and FCF driven by Prime Video ads and North American retail efficiencies. Bank of America also highlighted the potential of AI-driven demand, AWS acceleration, and Prime ads strength.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "PURPOSE: To describe how the characteristics of the hospitals and communities they serve vary across the 4 hospital graduate medical education (GME) expense categories (according to Section 131 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021) and identify the rurally located never claimer hospitals that are most similar to teaching hospitals, signaling that they might be good candidates for new rural GME programs.METHOD: Hospital categories and characteristics were gathered from the March 2022 Medicare Cost Reports; 2022 County Health Rankings & Roadmaps data were used for community characteristics. Each acute hospital was classified into 1 of the following 4 mutually exclusive hospital categories: category A, category B, established teaching hospital (ETH), and never claimer. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the adjusted associations of hospital characteristics with hospital categories and to identify the never claimer hospitals in rural locations that have characteristics similar to teaching hospitals (category A, category B, and ETHs).RESULTS: Out of 3,590 hospitals, 2,075 (57.8%) were never claimer hospitals. After adjusting for multiple characteristics, rural hospitals had a similar probability of being in each hospital category to that of urban hospitals. Never claimer hospitals served an older population and were located in communities with more uninsured adults and children and less availability of primary care physicians, dentists, and mental health professionals.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that most hospitals in every category, but especially teaching hospitals (i.e., category A hospitals, category B hospitals, and ETHs), were concentrated in urban areas. Larger hospitals (measured by net patient revenue) were more likely to report GME expenses (i.e., be a category A hospital, a category B hospital, or an ETH). The study suggests that there are roughly 145 rural never claimer hospitals that might be strong candidates for initiating new residency programs.",
+        "output": "Characteristics of Hospitals by Graduate Medical Education Expense Category: Implications for Rural Residency Program Expansion.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com \u2013 U.K. equities were lower at the close on Monday, as losses in the Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking and General Retailers sectors propelled shares lower.At the close in London, the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43%.The biggest gainers of the session on the Investing.com United Kingdom 100 were Flutter Entertainment PLC (LON:FLTRF), which rose 2.82% or 360.00 points to trade at 13,150.00 at the close.  Admiral Group  PLC (LON:ADML) added 1.67% or 43.00 points to end at 2,625.00 and  Tesco  PLC (LON:TSCO) was up 1.25% or 3.70 points to 300.60 in late trade.Biggest losers included  Burberry  Group PLC (LON:BRBY), which lost 5.72% or 73.50 points to trade at 1,212.00 in late trade.  Ocado Group  PLC (LON:OCDO) declined 5.09% or 33.20 points to end at 619.00 and Lloyds Banking Group PLC (LON:LLOY) shed 2.57% or 1.16 points to 43.83.Declining stocks outnumbered rising ones by 1145 to 916 and 376 ended unchanged on the London Stock Exchange. In commodities trading, Gold Futures for February delivery was up 0.32% or 6.60 to $2,058.20 a troy ounce. Meanwhile, Crude oil for delivery in March fell 0.62% or 0.45 to hit $72.34 a barrel, while the March Brent oil contract fell 0.52% or 0.41 to trade at $77.88 a barrel.GBP/USD was unchanged 0.16% to 1.27, while EUR/GBP unchanged 0.14% to 0.86.The US Dollar Index Futures was up 0.17% at 102.32.",
-        "output": "The Investing.com United Kingdom 100 fell 0.43% on Monday, led by losses in Fixed Line Telecommunications, Banking, and General Retailers sectors. Burberry Group PLC and Ocado Group PLC were among the biggest losers, while Flutter Entertainment PLC and Admiral Group PLC gained.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "The Homa Peninsula, in southwestern Kenya, continues to yield insights into Oldowan hominin landscape behaviors. The Late Pliocene locality of Nyayanga (3-2.6Ma) preserves some of the oldest Oldowan tools. At the Early Pleistocene locality of Kanjera South (2Ma) toolmakers procured a diversity of raw materials from over 10km away and strategically reduced them in a grassland-dominated ecosystem. Here, we report findings from Sare-Abururu, a younger (1.7Ma) Oldowan locality approximately 12km southeast of Kanjera South and 18km east of Nyayanga. Sare-Abururu has yielded 1754 artifacts in relatively undisturbed low-energy silts and sands. Stable isotopic analysis of pedogenic carbonates suggests that hominin activities were carried out in a grassland-dominated setting with similar vegetation structure as documented at Kanjera South. The composition of a nearby paleo-conglomerate indicates that high-quality stone raw materials were locally abundant. Toolmakers at Sare-Abururu produced angular fragments from quartz pebbles, representing a considerable contrast to the strategies used to reduce high quality raw materials at Kanjera South. Although lithic reduction at Sare-Abururu was technologically simple, toolmakers proficiently produced cutting edges, made few mistakes and exhibited a mastery of platform management, demonstrating that expedient technical strategies do not necessarily indicate a lack of skill or suitable raw materials. Lithic procurement and reduction patterns on the Homa Peninsula appear to reflect variation in local resource contexts rather than large-scale evolutionary changes in mobility, energy budget, or toolmaker cognition.",
+        "output": "New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Investing.com -- Illumina (NASDAQ:ILMN)\u00a0has said it will report consolidated revenue in the fourth quarter that will top analysts' estimates, sending shares in the gene-sequencing products maker higher in early U.S. trade on Tuesday.In an update unveiling its preliminary financial results, San Diego-based Illumina said consolidated sales during the quarter would rise by 3% compared to the same period last year to $1.12 billion. Bloomberg consensus expectations had placed the figure at $1.07B.Illumina, which makes DNA sequencers used to accelerate drug development, added that it shipped 79 of its NovaSeq X instruments in the fourth quarter and 352 of the devices over the course of its 2023 fiscal year. The company has claimed that the next-generation system can produce 2.5 times more whole genomes per year than earlier sequencers.Illumina plans to release its final fourth-quarter and full-year earnings after the close of trading on Feb. 8.The preliminary numbers come after the group said last month that it will offload cancer screening start-up Grail by the second quarter of 2024.Grail was acquired by Illumina in 2021 in an agreement that valued the seller of a blood test designed for the early detection of cancer at $7.1 billion. However, the agreement faced heavy scrutiny, particularly after it was completed without the formal approval of the European Commission. The divesiture of Grail would be \"consistent\" with an order from Brussels, Illumina noted.The U.S. Federal Trade Commission also pushed back against the deal, flagging that Illumina could deny crucial inputs into cancer-detecting blood tests made by Grail's rivals. A federal appeals court found that while the FTC was right to issue the challenge, it must conduct a new review of the purchase. Illumina said it would not appeal the ruling.Many investors in Illumina, including billionaire Carl Icahn, had voiced their opposition to the Grail deal as well. Earlier this year, Icahn, arguing that the acquisition amounted to a breach of Illumina's fiduciary duties, helmed a proxy battle that led to the resignation of former boss Francis deSouza.",
-        "output": "Illumina's Q4 revenue is expected to exceed analysts' estimates at $1.12 billion, a 3% increase YoY, driven by strong sales of its NovaSeq X instruments (79 shipped in Q4, 352 in FY23). The company plans to divest Grail by Q2 2024 due to regulatory concerns and investor opposition.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "Aim: To assess the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence in the relationship between stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. Design: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Methods: The study recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students at a major Saudi university. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the mediational model. Results: The results of the ANOVA and Welch F-test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p-values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement. No Patient or Public Contribution. Results: The results of the ANOVA and Welch F-test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p-values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement. No Patient or Public Contribution.",
+        "output": "Stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students: The mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
-        "instruction": "Summarize the above text content, only output the summary content and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Shares of Sastasundar Ventures (SVL) were locked in the 20 per cent upper circuit at Rs 469.10 on the BSE on Tuesday at 10:47 AM; with only buyers seen on the counter.\u00a0 A combined 734,000 equity shares had changed hands and there were pending buy orders for a combined 168,621 shares on the NSE and BSE.Thus far in the month of November, the stock has zoomed 51 per cent from level of Rs 310 on October 31. In comparison, the S&P BSE Sensex was up 3.2 per cent so far in the current month.Since October, the market price of the",
-        "output": "Sastasundar Ventures (SVL) shares surged 20% to Rs 469.10 on the BSE on Tuesday, with a 51% gain since October 31, driven by strong buying interest.",
+        "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
+        "input": "BACKGROUND: Effective governance arrangements are central to the successful functioning of health systems. While the significance of governance as a concept is acknowledged within health systems research, its interplay with health system reform initiatives remains underexplored in the literature. This study focuses on the development of new regional health structures in Ireland in the period 2018-2023, one part of a broader health system reform programme aimed at greater universalism, in order to scrutinise how aspects of governance impact on the reform process, from policy design through to implementation.METHODS: This qualitative, multi-method study draws on document analysis of official documents relevant to the reform process, as well as twelve semi-structured interviews with key informants from across the health sector. Interviews were analysed according to thematic analysis methodology. Conceiving governance as comprising five domains (Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Integrity, Capacity) the research uses the TAPIC framework for health governance as a conceptual starting point and as initial, deductive analytic categories for data analysis.RESULTS: The analysis reveals important lessons for policymakers across the five TAPIC domains of governance. These include deficiencies in accountability arrangements, poor transparency within the system and vis-a-vis external stakeholders and the public, and periods during which a lack of clarity in terms of roles and responsibilities for various process and key decisions related to the reform were identified. Inadequate resourcing of implementation capacity, competing policy visions and changing decision-making arrangements, among others, were found to have originated in and continuously reproduced a lack of trust between key institutional actors. The findings highlight how these challenges can be addressed through strengthening governance arrangements and processes. Importantly, the research reveals the interwoven nature of the five TAPIC dimensions of governance and the need to engage with the complexity and relationality of health system reform processes.CONCLUSIONS: Large scale health system reform is a complex process and its governance presents distinct challenges and opportunities for stakeholders. To understand and be able to address these, and to move beyond formulaic prescriptions, critical analysis of the historical context surrounding the policy reform and the institutional relationships at its core are needed.",
+        "output": "The role of governance in shaping health system reform: a case study of the design and implementation of new health regions in Ireland, 2018-2023.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text given below, give the most likely title, output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Patina formed on ancient glass holds potential to be a useful tool in determining the age of patina and to interpreting its formative environment climatically, pedogenically, hydrochemically and biologically. To date, its usefulness in this regard appears to have been underestimated. However, if patina is to be used as a reliable indicator of age and the environmental conditions underpinning its formation, there needs to be a systematic examination and understanding of its development under controlled laboratory conditions using various types of glass and with various climate types and soil types. As such, to calibrate and interpret the age of patina, processes of its development and products of its formation, we believe that it is useful to produce patina under varying experimental conditions in the laboratory. This paper focuses on the successful experimental development of patina on glass under controlled laboratory conditions and paves the way for further exploration of the rich resource of information that can result from such experimentation. We cannot produce in detail the full range of long-term products of patination.",
-        "output": "Experimental generation of patina on glass",
+        "input": "Coastal waters are complex and dynamic areas with unique environmental attributes that complicate the vertical migration of microplastics (MPs). The MPs that enter coastal waters from diverse sources, including terrestrial, riverine, oceanic, and shoreline inputs undergo various aging pathways. In this study, the variations in the physiochemical characteristics of MPs undergoing various aging pathways and their vertical migration under dynamic conditions subjected to the effects of different MP characteristics and coastal environmental features were comprehensively explored. Opposite effects of aging on the vertical migration of hydrophobic and hydrophilic MPs were observed, with aging appearing to promote the dispersion of hydrophobic MPs but enhance the vertical migration of hydrophilic ones. The positive role of salinity and the negative role of humic acid (HA) concentrations on MP vertical migration were identified, and the mechanisms driving these effects were analyzed. Notably, intense turbulence not only promoted the floating of positively buoyant MPs but also reversed the migration direction of negatively buoyant MPs from downward to upward. Aging-induced changes in MP characteristics had a limited effect on MP vertical migration. The inherent characteristics of MPs and the surrounding environmental features, however, played major roles in their vertical migration dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a significant global environmental concern and the coastal zones are the hotspots for MP pollution due to their high population density. This study comprehensively investigated the variations in the physiochemical characteristics of MPs undergoing various aging pathways. Their vertical migration patterns under dynamic conditions subjected to the effects of different MP characteristics and coastal environmental features were revealed. The roles of turbulence and MP density in their migration were identified. The findings of this study have important implications for understanding the transport and determining the ecological risks of MPs in coastal waters.",
+        "output": "Spotlight on the vertical migration of aged microplastics in coastal waters.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     }