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  [
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  {
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- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
4
- "input": "patronage",
5
- "output": "the practice of awarding titles and making appointments to government and other positions to gain political support.",
6
- "system": "",
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- "history": []
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- },
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- {
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- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
11
- "input": "uniformitarianism",
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- "output": "The principle that the stratification of rocks is due to processes still going on in seas, rivers, and lakes; i.e. that geologically ancient conditions were in essence similar to or \u201cuniform with\u201d those of our own time.",
13
  "system": "",
14
  "history": []
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  },
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  {
17
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
18
- "input": "action learning",
19
- "output": "A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full-time analyzing and solving problems in other departments.",
20
  "system": "",
21
  "history": []
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  },
23
  {
24
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
25
- "input": "Paleolithic",
26
- "output": "The archaeological period before c. 10,000 BC, characterized by the earliest known stone tool manufacture.",
27
  "system": "",
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  "history": []
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  },
30
  {
31
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
32
- "input": "population",
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- "output": "The aggregate of all sample units within a data universe.",
34
  "system": "",
35
  "history": []
36
  },
37
  {
38
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
39
- "input": "self-efficacy or efficacy expectations",
40
- "output": "Personal beliefs concerning one\u2019s capabilities to organize and imple-ment actions necessary to learn or perform behaviors at designated levels.",
41
  "system": "",
42
  "history": []
43
  },
44
  {
45
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
46
- "input": "affective learning technique",
47
- "output": "Specific procedure included in a learning strategy to create a favorable psychological climate for learning by helping the learner cope with anxiety, develop positive beliefs, set work goals, establish a place and time for working, or minimize distractions.",
48
  "system": "",
49
  "history": []
50
  },
51
  {
52
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
53
- "input": "culture circle",
54
- "output": "A cluster of related culture traits, or the geographical area where these are found. The idea is fundamental to German- Austrian diffusionists, who saw these circles as spreading progressively over earlier culture circles (German, Kulturkreis).",
55
  "system": "",
56
  "history": []
57
  },
58
  {
59
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
60
- "input": "anthropology",
61
- "output": "The comprehensive study of the human species from biological, social, and cultural perspectives using both synchronic and diachronic views; in the United States, it comprises the subdisciplines of biological or physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology, usually including both historical and prehistoric archaeology.",
62
  "system": "",
63
  "history": []
64
  },
65
  {
66
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
67
- "input": "actualizing tendency",
68
- "output": "Innate motive that is a precursor to other motives and is oriented toward personal growth, autonomy, and freedom from external control.",
69
  "system": "",
70
  "history": []
71
  },
72
  {
73
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
74
- "input": "propaganda",
75
- "output": "a program of distorted information put out by an organization or government to spread its policy, cause, or doctrine.",
76
  "system": "",
77
  "history": []
78
  },
79
  {
80
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
81
- "input": "self-actualization",
82
- "output": "The desire for self-fulfillment or for becoming everything one is capable of becoming; the highest level in Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of needs.",
83
  "system": "",
84
  "history": []
85
  },
86
  {
87
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
88
- "input": "nobiles",
89
- "output": "\u201cnobles.\u201d The small group of families from both patrician and plebeian origins who produced most of the men who were elected to office in the late Roman Republic.",
90
  "system": "",
91
  "history": []
92
  },
93
  {
94
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
95
- "input": "mutual deterrence",
96
- "output": "the belief that nuclear war could best be prevented if both the United States and the Soviet Union had sufficient nuclear weapons so that even if one nation launched a preemptive first strike, the other could respond and devastate the attacker.",
97
  "system": "",
98
  "history": []
99
  },
100
  {
101
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
102
- "input": "liberalism",
103
- "output": "an ideology based on the belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible. Economic liberalism is the idea that the government should not interfere in the workings of the economy. Political liberalism is the idea that there should be restraints on the exercise of power so that people can enjoy basic civil rights in a constitutional state with a representative assembly.",
104
  "system": "",
105
  "history": []
106
  },
107
  {
108
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
109
- "input": "etic",
110
- "output": "Relating to categories held to be universal or based on an outside observer\u2019s objective understanding (cf. emic).",
111
  "system": "",
112
  "history": []
113
  },
114
  {
115
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
116
- "input": "ideology",
117
- "output": "Literally, the study of ideas. It generally carries the meaning of a system of values, such as those Marxists and some postmodernists argue give power to one group over another.",
118
  "system": "",
119
  "history": []
120
  },
121
  {
122
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
123
- "input": "democratic style",
124
- "output": "A leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority, and uses feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.",
125
  "system": "",
126
  "history": []
127
  },
128
  {
129
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
130
- "input": "cultural core, culture core",
131
- "output": "In Steward\u2019s cultural ecology, the aspects of culture most susceptible to ecological influence (e.g., subsistence,patterns of migration) (cf. total culture).",
132
  "system": "",
133
  "history": []
134
  },
135
  {
136
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
137
- "input": "early retirement window",
138
- "output": "A type of offering by which employees are encouraged to retire early, the incentive being liberal pension benefits plus perhaps a cash payment.",
139
  "system": "",
140
  "history": []
141
  },
142
  {
143
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
144
- "input": "on-the-job training",
145
- "output": "Training a person to learn a job while working on it.",
146
  "system": "",
147
  "history": []
148
  },
149
  {
150
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
151
- "input": "expectancy-value theory",
152
- "output": "Psychological theory postulating that behavior is a function of how much one values a particular outcome and one\u2019s expectation of obtaining that outcome as a result of performing that behavior.",
153
  "system": "",
154
  "history": []
155
  },
156
  {
157
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
158
- "input": "employee recognition program",
159
- "output": "Personal attention and expressing interest, approval, and appreciation for a job well done.",
160
  "system": "",
161
  "history": []
162
  },
163
  {
164
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
165
- "input": "ideology",
166
- "output": "One of three components of culture; the knowledge or beliefs used by human societies to understand and cope with their existence.",
167
  "system": "",
168
  "history": []
169
  },
170
  {
171
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
172
- "input": "self-evaluation",
173
- "output": "Process involving self-judgments of current performance by comparing it to one\u2019s goal and self-reactions to these judgments by deeming performance noteworthy, unacceptable, and so forth.",
174
  "system": "",
175
  "history": []
176
  },
177
  {
178
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
179
- "input": "reward power",
180
- "output": "The power a leader has to give positive rewards.",
181
  "system": "",
182
  "history": []
183
  },
184
  {
185
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
186
- "input": "indulgence",
187
- "output": "in Christian theology, the remission of part or all of the temporal punishment in purgatory due to sin; granted for charitable contributions and other good deeds. Indulgences became a regular practice of the Christian church in the High Middle Ages, and their abuse was instrumental in sparking Luther\u2019s reform movement in the sixteenth century.",
188
  "system": "",
189
  "history": []
190
  },
191
  {
192
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
193
- "input": "unstructured problem",
194
- "output": "Problems that are new or unusual and for which information is ambiguous or incomplete.",
195
  "system": "",
196
  "history": []
197
  },
198
  {
199
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
200
- "input": "\u2018God\u2019s truth\u2019",
201
- "output": "In linguistics and cognitive anthropology, the view that a good analysis of a set of emic categories will represent the true psychological reality of informants (cf. \u2018hocus-pocus\u2019).",
202
  "system": "",
203
  "history": []
204
  },
205
  {
206
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
207
- "input": "Modernism",
208
- "output": "the artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as artists rebelled against traditional efforts to portray reality as accurately as possible (leading to Impressionism and Cubism) and writers explored new forms.",
209
  "system": "",
210
  "history": []
211
  },
212
  {
213
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
214
- "input": "phytoliths",
215
- "output": "Microscopic silica bodies that form in living plants and provide a durable floral ecofact that allows the identification of plant remains in archaeological deposits.",
216
  "system": "",
217
  "history": []
218
  },
219
  {
220
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
221
- "input": "Australopithecus",
222
- "output": "A collective name for the earliest known hominins emerging about 5 million years ago in East Africa.",
223
  "system": "",
224
  "history": []
225
  },
226
  {
227
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
228
- "input": "gain-sharing plan",
229
- "output": "An incentive plan that engages employees in a common effort to achieve productivity objectives and share the gains.",
230
  "system": "",
231
  "history": []
232
  },
233
  {
234
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
235
- "input": "culture trait",
236
- "output": "Any individual item of culture, either material or non-material.",
237
  "system": "",
238
  "history": []
239
  },
240
  {
241
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
242
- "input": "Nazi New Order",
243
- "output": "the Nazis' plan for their conquered territories; it included the extermination of Jews and others considered inferior, ruthless exploitation of resources, German colonization in the east, and the use of Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians as slave labor.",
244
  "system": "",
245
  "history": []
246
  },
247
  {
248
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
249
- "input": "functional control",
250
- "output": "The authority exerted by an HR manager as coordinator of personnel activities.",
251
  "system": "",
252
  "history": []
253
  },
254
  {
255
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
256
- "input": "top-down processing",
257
- "output": "Pattern recognition of stimuli that occurs by forming a meaningful representation of the context, developing expectations of what will occur, and comparing features of stimuli to expectations to confirm or disconfirm one\u2019s expectations.",
258
  "system": "",
259
  "history": []
260
  },
261
  {
262
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
263
- "input": "emotion",
264
- "output": "Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.",
265
- "system": "",
266
- "history": []
267
- },
268
- {
269
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
270
- "input": "ecosystem",
271
- "output": "In ecology and ecological anthropology, the system which includes both social and natural environments.",
272
  "system": "",
273
  "history": []
274
  },
275
  {
276
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
277
- "input": "written response",
278
- "output": "Performances on tests, quizzes, homework, term papers, reports, and computer documents.",
279
  "system": "",
280
  "history": []
281
  },
282
  {
283
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
284
- "input": "self-instructional training",
285
- "output": "Instructional procedure that comprises cognitive modeling, overt guidance, overt self-guidance, faded overt self-guidance, and covert self-instruction.",
286
  "system": "",
287
  "history": []
288
  },
289
  {
290
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
291
- "input": "mir",
292
- "output": "a peasant village commune in Russia.",
293
  "system": "",
294
  "history": []
295
  },
296
  {
297
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
298
- "input": "forces of production",
299
- "output": "In Marxist theory, things such as raw materials and technology which form the material as opposed to the social aspect of the economic base; or the interaction of these elements of the means of production with labour (cf. base, mode of production, relations of production).",
300
  "system": "",
301
  "history": []
302
  },
303
  {
304
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
305
- "input": "delayed direct exchange",
306
- "output": "Le \u0301vi-Strauss\u2019term for a type of marital exchange between kin groups where women move in one direction in one generation, and in the opposite direction in the next. It is a logical consequence of men marrying fathers\u2019 sisters\u2019 daughters (cf. direct exchange, generalized exchange).",
307
  "system": "",
308
  "history": []
309
  },
310
  {
311
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
312
- "input": "planned economy",
313
- "output": "An economic system in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government.",
314
  "system": "",
315
  "history": []
316
  },
317
  {
318
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
319
- "input": "Sophist",
320
- "output": "wandering scholars and professional teachers in ancient Greece who stressed the importance of rhetoric and tended toward skepticism and relativism.",
321
  "system": "",
322
  "history": []
323
  },
324
  {
325
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
326
- "input": "dendrochronology",
327
- "output": "The study of tree-ring growth patterns, which are linked to develop a continuous chronological sequence.",
328
  "system": "",
329
  "history": []
330
  },
331
  {
332
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
333
- "input": "philosophes",
334
- "output": "intellectuals of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment who believed in applying a spirit of rational criticism to all things, including religion and politics, and who focused on improving and enjoying this world, rather than on the afterlife.",
335
  "system": "",
336
  "history": []
337
  },
338
  {
339
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
340
- "input": "self-actualization needs",
341
- "output": "A person\u2019s need to become what he or she is capable of becoming.",
342
  "system": "",
343
  "history": []
344
  },
345
  {
346
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
347
- "input": "period",
348
- "output": "A broad and general chronological unit defined for a site or region based on combined data, such as sets of contemporary artifact types.",
349
  "system": "",
350
  "history": []
351
  },
352
  {
353
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
354
- "input": "barbarism",
355
- "output": "In evolutionist theory, the stage of society which lies between savagery and civilization. It is characterized by the possession of things such as pottery, livestock, etc. (cf. savagery, civilization).",
356
  "system": "",
357
  "history": []
358
  },
359
  {
360
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
361
- "input": "three-term contingency",
362
- "output": "The basic operant model of conditioning: A discriminative stimulus sets the occasion for a response to be emitted, which is followed by a reinforcing stimulus.",
363
  "system": "",
364
  "history": []
365
  },
366
  {
367
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
368
- "input": "direct exchange",
369
- "output": "Le \u0301vi-Strauss\u2019 term for a type of marital exchange between kin groups where exchanges of women may go in either direction. It is a logical consequence of men exchanging sisters with each other or marrying women of a category which includes both mothers\u2019 brothers\u2019 daughters and fathers\u2019 sisters\u2019 daughters (cf. delayed direct exchange, generalized exchange).",
370
  "system": "",
371
  "history": []
372
  },
373
  {
374
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
375
- "input": "politiques",
376
- "output": "a group who emerged during the French Wars of Religion in the sixteenth century, placed politics above religion, and believed that no religious truth was worth the ravages of civil war.",
377
  "system": "",
378
  "history": []
379
  },
380
  {
381
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
382
- "input": "thermal propection",
383
- "output": "A remote sensing method used in aerial reconnaissance. It is based on weak variations in temperature which can be found above buried structures whose thermal properties are different from those of their surroundings.",
384
  "system": "",
385
  "history": []
386
  },
387
  {
388
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
389
- "input": "abbot",
390
- "output": "head of a monastery.",
391
  "system": "",
392
  "history": []
393
  },
394
  {
395
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
396
- "input": "direct observation",
397
- "output": "Instances of behavior that are observed.",
398
  "system": "",
399
  "history": []
400
  },
401
  {
402
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
403
- "input": "hoplites",
404
- "output": "heavily armed infantry soldiers in ancient Greece who entered battle in a phalanx formation.",
405
  "system": "",
406
  "history": []
407
  },
408
  {
409
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
410
- "input": "materialism",
411
- "output": "the belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal is an outgrowth of physical forces and that truth is found in concrete material existence, not through feeling or intuition.",
412
  "system": "",
413
  "history": []
414
  },
415
  {
416
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
417
- "input": "prime mover",
418
- "output": "Factors crucial to stimulating major cultural change; they are emphasized in some models of multilinear cultural evolution (compare with multivariate strategy).",
419
  "system": "",
420
  "history": []
421
  },
422
  {
423
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
424
- "input": "reasoning",
425
- "output": "Mental processes involved in generating and evaluating logical arguments.",
426
  "system": "",
427
  "history": []
428
  },
429
  {
430
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
431
- "input": "chansons de geste",
432
- "output": "a form of vernacular literature in the High Middle Ages that consisted of heroic epics focusing on the deeds of warriors.",
433
  "system": "",
434
  "history": []
435
  },
436
  {
437
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
438
- "input": "self-determination",
439
- "output": "Motive aimed at developing competence, which begins as undifferentiated but eventually differentiates into specific areas.",
440
  "system": "",
441
  "history": []
442
  },
443
  {
444
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
445
- "input": "good faith effort strategy",
446
- "output": "Employment strategy aimed at changing practices that have contributed in the past to excluding or underutilizing protected groups.",
447
  "system": "",
448
  "history": []
449
  },
450
  {
451
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
452
- "input": "schema",
453
- "output": "A cognitive structure that organizes large amounts of information into a meaningful system.",
454
  "system": "",
455
  "history": []
456
  },
457
  {
458
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
459
- "input": "cultural resource management",
460
- "output": "The conservation and selective investigation of prehistoric and historic remains; specifically, the development of ways and means, including legislation, to safeguard the past.",
461
  "system": "",
462
  "history": []
463
  },
464
  {
465
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
466
- "input": "civilization",
467
- "output": "In evolutionist theory, the highest level of society, characterized by urbanization, social hierarchy, and complex social structure (cf. savagery, barbarism).",
468
  "system": "",
469
  "history": []
470
  },
471
  {
472
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
473
- "input": "bargaining unit",
474
- "output": "The group of employees the union will be authorized to represent.",
475
  "system": "",
476
  "history": []
477
  },
478
  {
479
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
480
- "input": "line manager",
481
- "output": "A manager who is authorized to direct the work of subordinates and is responsible for accomplishing the organizations tasks.",
482
  "system": "",
483
  "history": []
484
  },
485
  {
486
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
487
- "input": "self-managed work team",
488
- "output": "A type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment.",
489
  "system": "",
490
  "history": []
491
  },
492
  {
493
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
494
- "input": "self-regulation",
495
- "output": "The process whereby students personally activate and sustain behaviors, cognitions, and affects that are systematically oriented toward the attainment of learning goals.",
496
  "system": "",
497
  "history": []
498
  },
499
  {
500
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
501
- "input": "fetishism",
502
- "output": "The belief in fetishes, or objects believed to have supernatural power.",
503
  "system": "",
504
  "history": []
505
  },
506
  {
507
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
508
- "input": "cultural determinism",
509
- "output": "The notion that culture, rather than biology, regulates the ways in which humans perceive the world.",
510
  "system": "",
511
  "history": []
512
  },
513
  {
514
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
515
- "input": "midden",
516
- "output": "An accumulation of debris resulting from human disposal and removed from areas of manufacture and use; may result from either one-time refuse disposal or long-term disposal resulting in stratification.",
517
  "system": "",
518
  "history": []
519
  },
520
  {
521
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
522
- "input": "organizational effectiveness",
523
- "output": "Organizational effectiveness: A measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are being met.",
524
  "system": "",
525
  "history": []
526
  },
527
  {
528
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
529
- "input": "Blitzkrieg",
530
- "output": "\u201clightning war.\u201d A war conducted with great speed and force, as in Germany\u2019s advance at the beginning of World War II.",
531
  "system": "",
532
  "history": []
533
  },
534
  {
535
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
536
- "input": "cultural drift",
537
- "output": "Gradual cultural change due to the imperfect transmission of information between generations; it is analogous to genetic drift in biology.",
538
  "system": "",
539
  "history": []
540
  },
541
  {
542
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
543
- "input": "humanism",
544
- "output": "an intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based on the study of the Greek and Roman classics.",
545
  "system": "",
546
  "history": []
547
  },
548
  {
549
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
550
- "input": "negative feedback",
551
- "output": "A response to changing conditions that acts to dampen or stop a system\u2019s reaction.",
552
  "system": "",
553
  "history": []
554
  },
555
  {
556
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
557
- "input": "conjoining studies",
558
- "output": "The refitting of fragments of artifacts and ecofacts to evaluate the integrity of an archaeological deposit; such studies allow definition of cumulative features, such as lithic debris scatters; they sometimes allow reconstruction of ancient manufacture and use behavior.",
559
  "system": "",
560
  "history": []
561
  },
562
  {
563
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
564
- "input": "cognitive dissonance",
565
- "output": "Mental tension that is produced by conflicting cognitions and that has drivelike properties leading to reduction.",
566
  "system": "",
567
  "history": []
568
  },
569
  {
570
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
571
- "input": "cultural studies",
572
- "output": "The discipline concerned with the study of mass culture, popular culture, etc. Although it touches on anthropological interests, it has its origins in and its most direct links with literary criticism and sociology.",
573
  "system": "",
574
  "history": []
575
  },
576
  {
577
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
578
- "input": "culture area",
579
- "output": "A spatial unit defined by ethnographically observed cultural similarities within a given geographical area; used archaeologically to define spatial limits to archaeo- logical cultures.",
580
  "system": "",
581
  "history": []
582
  },
583
  {
584
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
585
- "input": "high culture",
586
- "output": "the literary and artistic culture of the educated and wealthy ruling classes.",
587
  "system": "",
588
  "history": []
589
  },
590
  {
591
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
592
- "input": "ethnoarchaeology",
593
- "output": "The study of contemporary cultures with a view to understanding the behavioral relationships which underlie the production of material culture.",
594
  "system": "",
595
  "history": []
596
  },
597
  {
598
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
599
- "input": "behavioral component",
600
- "output": "That part of an attitude that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.",
601
  "system": "",
602
  "history": []
603
  },
604
  {
605
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
606
- "input": "brain endocast",
607
- "output": "These are made by pouring latex rubber into a skull, so as to produce an accurate image of the inner surface of the cranium. This method gives an estimate of cranial capacity and has been used on early hominin skulls.",
608
  "system": "",
609
  "history": []
610
  },
611
  {
612
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
613
- "input": "unconditional positive regard",
614
- "output": "Attitudes of worthiness and acceptance with no conditions attached.",
615
  "system": "",
616
  "history": []
617
  },
618
  {
619
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
620
- "input": "reinforcement",
621
- "output": "Any stimulus or event that leads to response strengthening.",
622
  "system": "",
623
  "history": []
624
  },
625
  {
626
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
627
- "input": "Apollonian",
628
- "output": "An aspect of drama or culture characterized by measure, restraint, and harmony (cf. Dionysian).",
629
  "system": "",
630
  "history": []
631
  },
632
  {
633
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
634
- "input": "self-confidence",
635
- "output": "The extent that one believes one can produce results, accomplish goals, or perform tasks competently (analogous to Self-Efficacy).",
636
  "system": "",
637
  "history": []
638
  },
639
  {
640
- "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
641
- "input": "propositional network",
642
- "output": "Interconnected associative structure in long-term memory comprising nodes or bits of information.",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
643
  "system": "",
644
  "history": []
645
  },
646
  {
647
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
648
- "input": "responsibility",
649
- "output": "The obligation or expectation to perform any assigned duties.",
650
  "system": "",
651
  "history": []
652
  },
653
  {
654
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
655
- "input": "intertextuality",
656
- "output": "Referring to relations between texts,where each represents a commentary on another.",
657
  "system": "",
658
  "history": []
659
  },
660
  {
661
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
662
- "input": "culture area",
663
- "output": "A cluster of related cultures, normally those occupying a geographical region.",
664
  "system": "",
665
  "history": []
666
  },
667
  {
668
- "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
669
- "input": "monogamy",
670
- "output": "the practice of being married to one person at a time.",
671
  "system": "",
672
  "history": []
673
  },
674
  {
675
- "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
676
- "input": "cognitive map",
677
- "output": "An interpretive framework of the world which, it is argued, exists in the human mind and affects actions and decisions as well as knowledge structures.",
678
  "system": "",
679
  "history": []
680
  },
681
  {
682
- "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
683
- "input": "cultural ecology",
684
- "output": "The study of relations between culture and the natural world, especially in the theoretical perspective of Julian Steward.",
685
  "system": "",
686
  "history": []
687
  },
688
  {
689
- "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
690
- "input": "performing stage",
691
- "output": "The fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task.",
692
  "system": "",
693
  "history": []
694
  },
@@ -698,5 +691,12 @@
698
  "output": "Involving marriage where a woman is of higher status than her husband (cf. hypergamous).",
699
  "system": "",
700
  "history": []
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
701
  }
702
  ]
 
1
  [
2
  {
3
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
4
+ "input": "etic",
5
+ "output": "Relating to categories held to be universal or based on an outside observer\u2019s objective understanding (cf. emic).",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6
  "system": "",
7
  "history": []
8
  },
9
  {
10
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
11
+ "input": "cultural relativism",
12
+ "output": "Any of several theoretical perspectives in anthropology, including descriptive relativism, epistemological relativism,and normative relativism.",
13
  "system": "",
14
  "history": []
15
  },
16
  {
17
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
18
+ "input": "salvage archaeology",
19
+ "output": "The location and recording (usually through excavation) of archaeological sites in advance of highway construction, drainage projects, or urban development.",
20
  "system": "",
21
  "history": []
22
  },
23
  {
24
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
25
+ "input": "actualizing tendency",
26
+ "output": "Innate motive that is a precursor to other motives and is oriented toward personal growth, autonomy, and freedom from external control.",
27
  "system": "",
28
  "history": []
29
  },
30
  {
31
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
32
+ "input": "role conflicts",
33
+ "output": "Work expectations that are hard to satisfy.",
34
  "system": "",
35
  "history": []
36
  },
37
  {
38
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
39
+ "input": "cultural determinism",
40
+ "output": "The notion that culture, rather than biology, regulates the ways in which humans perceive the world.",
41
  "system": "",
42
  "history": []
43
  },
44
  {
45
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
46
+ "input": "organizational communication",
47
+ "output": "Organizational communication: All the patterns, networks, and systems of communication within an organization.",
48
  "system": "",
49
  "history": []
50
  },
51
  {
52
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
53
+ "input": "volition",
54
+ "output": "The act of using the will; the process of dealing with the implementation of actions to attain goals.",
55
  "system": "",
56
  "history": []
57
  },
58
  {
59
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
60
+ "input": "heuristics",
61
+ "output": "A method for solving problems in which one employs principles (rules of thumb) that usually lead to a solution.",
62
  "system": "",
63
  "history": []
64
  },
65
  {
66
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
67
+ "input": "plebiscita",
68
+ "output": "laws passed by the council of the plebs.",
69
  "system": "",
70
  "history": []
71
  },
72
  {
73
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
74
+ "input": "self-reaction",
75
+ "output": "Changes in one's beliefs and behaviors after judging performance against a goal.",
76
  "system": "",
77
  "history": []
78
  },
79
  {
80
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
81
+ "input": "self-confidence",
82
+ "output": "The extent that one believes one can produce results, accomplish goals, or perform tasks competently (analogous to Self-Efficacy).",
83
  "system": "",
84
  "history": []
85
  },
86
  {
87
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
88
+ "input": "dual-code theory",
89
+ "output": "The view that long-term memory represents knowledge with a verbal system that in cludes knowledge expressed in language and an imaginal system that stores visual and spatial information.",
90
  "system": "",
91
  "history": []
92
  },
93
  {
94
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
95
+ "input": "phytoliths",
96
+ "output": "Microscopic silica bodies that form in living plants and provide a durable floral ecofact that allows the identification of plant remains in archaeological deposits.",
97
  "system": "",
98
  "history": []
99
  },
100
  {
101
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
102
+ "input": "\u2018culture and personality\u2019",
103
+ "output": "The perspective of Ruth Benedict and her followers which emphasizes the \u2018personality\u2019 of whole cultures rather than individuals.",
104
  "system": "",
105
  "history": []
106
  },
107
  {
108
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
109
+ "input": "culture area",
110
+ "output": "A cluster of related cultures, normally those occupying a geographical region.",
111
  "system": "",
112
  "history": []
113
  },
114
  {
115
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
116
+ "input": "fission-track dating",
117
+ "output": "A dating method based on the operation of a radioactive clock, the spontaneous fission of an isotope of uranium present in a wide range of rocks and minerals. As with potassium-argon dating, with whose time range it overlaps, the method gives useful dates from rocks adjacent to archaeological material.",
118
  "system": "",
119
  "history": []
120
  },
121
  {
122
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
123
+ "input": "baby biography",
124
+ "output": "A report on a single child based on a series of observations over a lengthy period.",
125
  "system": "",
126
  "history": []
127
  },
128
  {
129
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
130
+ "input": "Shari\u2019a",
131
+ "output": "a law code, originally drawn up by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of Muhammad, that provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives.",
132
  "system": "",
133
  "history": []
134
  },
135
  {
136
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
137
+ "input": "comparable worth",
138
+ "output": "Comparable worth refers to the requirement to pay men and women equal wages for jobs that are of comparable (rather than strictly equal) value to the employer.",
139
  "system": "",
140
  "history": []
141
  },
142
  {
143
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
144
+ "input": "virtual team",
145
+ "output": "A type of work team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.",
146
  "system": "",
147
  "history": []
148
  },
149
  {
150
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
151
+ "input": "jihad",
152
+ "output": "\u201cstriving in the way of the Lord.\u201d In Islam, the attempt to achieve personal betterment, although it can also mean fair, defensive fighting to preserve one's life and one's faith.",
153
  "system": "",
154
  "history": []
155
  },
156
  {
157
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
158
+ "input": "unconditional positive regard",
159
+ "output": "Attitudes of worthiness and acceptance with no conditions attached.",
160
  "system": "",
161
  "history": []
162
  },
163
  {
164
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
165
+ "input": "visionary leadership",
166
+ "output": "The ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future that improves upon the present situation.",
167
  "system": "",
168
  "history": []
169
  },
170
  {
171
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
172
+ "input": "common law",
173
+ "output": "law common to the entire kingdom of England; imposed by the king\u2019s courts beginning in the twelfth century to replace the customary law used in county and feudal courts that varied from place to place.",
174
  "system": "",
175
  "history": []
176
  },
177
  {
178
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
179
+ "input": "scriptoria",
180
+ "output": "writing rooms for the copying of manuscripts in medieval monasteries.",
181
  "system": "",
182
  "history": []
183
  },
184
  {
185
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
186
+ "input": "heresy",
187
+ "output": "the holding of religious doctrines different from the official teachings of the church.",
188
  "system": "",
189
  "history": []
190
  },
191
  {
192
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
193
+ "input": "forces of production",
194
+ "output": "In Marxist theory, things such as raw materials and technology which form the material as opposed to the social aspect of the economic base; or the interaction of these elements of the means of production with labour (cf. base, mode of production, relations of production).",
195
  "system": "",
196
  "history": []
197
  },
198
  {
199
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
200
+ "input": "cognitive dissonance",
201
+ "output": "Mental tension that is produced by conflicting cognitions and that has drivelike properties leading to reduction.",
202
  "system": "",
203
  "history": []
204
  },
205
  {
206
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
207
+ "input": "culture area",
208
+ "output": "A spatial unit defined by ethnographically observed cultural similarities within a given geographical area; used archaeologically to define spatial limits to archaeo- logical cultures.",
209
  "system": "",
210
  "history": []
211
  },
212
  {
213
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
214
+ "input": "self-concept",
215
+ "output": "One\u2019s collective self-perceptions that are formed through experiences with, and interpretations of, the environment and that are heavily influenced by reinforcements and evaluations by significant other persons.",
216
  "system": "",
217
  "history": []
218
  },
219
  {
220
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
221
+ "input": "ecological determinism",
222
+ "output": "A form of explanation in which it is implicit that changes in the environment determine changes in human society.",
223
  "system": "",
224
  "history": []
225
  },
226
  {
227
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
228
+ "input": "barbarism",
229
+ "output": "In evolutionist theory, the stage of society which lies between savagery and civilization. It is characterized by the possession of things such as pottery, livestock, etc. (cf. savagery, civilization).",
230
  "system": "",
231
  "history": []
232
  },
233
  {
234
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
235
+ "input": "pogrom",
236
+ "output": "organized massacres of Jews.",
237
  "system": "",
238
  "history": []
239
  },
240
  {
241
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
242
+ "input": "intertextuality",
243
+ "output": "Referring to relations between texts,where each represents a commentary on another.",
244
  "system": "",
245
  "history": []
246
  },
247
  {
248
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
249
+ "input": "accommodation",
250
+ "output": "The process of changing internalstructures to provide consistency with external reality.",
251
  "system": "",
252
  "history": []
253
  },
254
  {
255
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
256
+ "input": "top-down processing",
257
+ "output": "Pattern recognition of stimuli that occurs by forming a meaningful representation of the context, developing expectations of what will occur, and comparing features of stimuli to expectations to confirm or disconfirm one\u2019s expectations.",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
258
  "system": "",
259
  "history": []
260
  },
261
  {
262
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
263
+ "input": "Lebensraum",
264
+ "output": "\"living space.\" The doctrine, adopted by Hitler, that a nation\u2019s power depends on the amount of land it occupies; thus a nation must expand to be strong.",
265
  "system": "",
266
  "history": []
267
  },
268
  {
269
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
270
+ "input": "division of labor/job specialization",
271
+ "output": "The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.",
272
  "system": "",
273
  "history": []
274
  },
275
  {
276
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
277
+ "input": "probabilistic sampling",
278
+ "output": "Sampling method, using probability theory, designed to draw reliable general conclusions about a site or region, based on small sample areas; 4 types of sampling strategies are recognized: (1) simple random sampling; (2) stratified random sampling; (3) systematic sampling; (4) stratified systematic sampling.",
279
  "system": "",
280
  "history": []
281
  },
282
  {
283
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
284
+ "input": "ideology",
285
+ "output": "Literally, the study of ideas. It generally carries the meaning of a system of values, such as those Marxists and some postmodernists argue give power to one group over another.",
286
  "system": "",
287
  "history": []
288
  },
289
  {
290
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
291
+ "input": "reward power",
292
+ "output": "The power a leader has to give positive rewards.",
293
  "system": "",
294
  "history": []
295
  },
296
  {
297
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
298
+ "input": "Norris-LaGuardia Act",
299
+ "output": "This law marked the beginning of the era of strong encouragement of unions and guaranteed to each employee the right to bargain collectively free from interference, restraint, or coercion.",
300
  "system": "",
301
  "history": []
302
  },
303
  {
304
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
305
+ "input": "laissez-faire",
306
+ "output": "\"let (them) do (as they please).\" An economic doctrine that holds that an economy is best served when the government does not interfere but allows the economy to self-regulate according to the forces of supply and demand.",
307
  "system": "",
308
  "history": []
309
  },
310
  {
311
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
312
+ "input": "self-instruction",
313
+ "output": "In a learning setting, discriminative stimuli that are produced by the individual and that set the occasion for responses leading to reinforcement.",
314
  "system": "",
315
  "history": []
316
  },
317
  {
318
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
319
+ "input": "self-efficacy or efficacy expectations",
320
+ "output": "Personal beliefs concerning one\u2019s capabilities to organize and imple-ment actions necessary to learn or perform behaviors at designated levels.",
321
  "system": "",
322
  "history": []
323
  },
324
  {
325
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
326
+ "input": "self-instruction",
327
+ "output": "In a learning setting, discriminative stimuli that are produced by the individual and that set the occasion for responses leading to rein-forcement.",
328
  "system": "",
329
  "history": []
330
  },
331
  {
332
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
333
+ "input": "manufacture",
334
+ "output": "The second stage of behavioral processes, in which raw materials are modi- fied to produce artifacts.",
335
  "system": "",
336
  "history": []
337
  },
338
  {
339
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
340
+ "input": "candidate-order error",
341
+ "output": "An error of judgment on the part of the interviewer due to interviewing one or more very good or very bad candidates just before the interview in question.",
342
  "system": "",
343
  "history": []
344
  },
345
  {
346
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
347
+ "input": "environmental scanning",
348
+ "output": "The screening of large amounts of information to anticipate and interpret changes in the environment.",
349
  "system": "",
350
  "history": []
351
  },
352
  {
353
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
354
+ "input": "dowsing",
355
+ "output": "The supposed location of subsurface features by employing a twig, copper rod, pendulum, or other instrument; discontinuous movements in these instruments are believed by some to record the existence of buried features.",
356
  "system": "",
357
  "history": []
358
  },
359
  {
360
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
361
+ "input": "artifact",
362
+ "output": "A discrete and portable object in the archaeological record whose characteristics result wholly or in part from human activity; artifacts are individually assignable to ceramic, lithic, metal, organic, or other categories.",
363
  "system": "",
364
  "history": []
365
  },
366
  {
367
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
368
+ "input": "council of the plebs",
369
+ "output": "a council only for plebeians. After 287 B.C., however, its resolutions were binding on all Romans.",
370
  "system": "",
371
  "history": []
372
  },
373
  {
374
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
375
+ "input": "three-term contingency",
376
+ "output": "The basic operant model of conditioning: A discriminative stimulus sets the occasion for a response to be emitted, which is followed by a reinforcing stimulus.",
377
  "system": "",
378
  "history": []
379
  },
380
  {
381
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
382
+ "input": "open system",
383
+ "output": "Open system: Systems that interact with their environment.",
384
  "system": "",
385
  "history": []
386
  },
387
  {
388
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
389
+ "input": "mystery religion",
390
+ "output": "religions that involve initiation into secret rites that promise intense emotional involvement with spiritual forces and a greater chance of individual immortality.",
391
  "system": "",
392
  "history": []
393
  },
394
  {
395
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
396
+ "input": "community",
397
+ "output": "A group of people who share common values. The term has come to be regarded as safer than \u2018society\u2019, whose existence has been challenged by some postmodernist thinkers (as well as some politicians).",
398
  "system": "",
399
  "history": []
400
  },
401
  {
402
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
403
+ "input": "organizational design",
404
+ "output": "Organizational design: Creating or changing an organization's structure.",
405
  "system": "",
406
  "history": []
407
  },
408
  {
409
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
410
+ "input": "personnel replacement charts",
411
+ "output": "ompany records showing present performance and promotabilityof inside candidates for the most important positions.",
412
  "system": "",
413
  "history": []
414
  },
415
  {
416
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
417
+ "input": "oral history",
418
+ "output": "Spoken accounts about the past that maintain historical traditions without reliance on written documents.",
419
  "system": "",
420
  "history": []
421
  },
422
  {
423
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
424
+ "input": "coring",
425
+ "output": "A subsurface survey technique using a hollow metal tube driven into the ground to lift a column of earth for stratigraphic study.",
426
  "system": "",
427
  "history": []
428
  },
429
  {
430
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
431
+ "input": "centre",
432
+ "output": "In opposition to periphery, the economically dominant place. Its centrality does not have to be geographical. For example, in world- systems theory a colonial power may be defined as the \u2018centre\u2019 and its colonies the \u2018periphery\u2019.",
433
  "system": "",
434
  "history": []
435
  },
436
  {
437
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
438
+ "input": "alternation ranking method",
439
+ "output": "Ranking employees from best to worst on a particular trait, choosing highest, then lowest, until all are ranked.",
440
  "system": "",
441
  "history": []
442
  },
443
  {
444
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
445
+ "input": "cultural ecology",
446
+ "output": "The study of relations between culture and the natural world, especially in the theoretical perspective of Julian Steward.",
447
  "system": "",
448
  "history": []
449
  },
450
  {
451
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
452
+ "input": "ecosystem",
453
+ "output": "In ecology and ecological anthropology, the system which includes both social and natural environments.",
454
  "system": "",
455
  "history": []
456
  },
457
  {
458
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
459
+ "input": "self-determination",
460
+ "output": "the doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future.",
461
  "system": "",
462
  "history": []
463
  },
464
  {
465
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
466
+ "input": "downsizing",
467
+ "output": "The planned elimination of jobs in an organization.",
468
  "system": "",
469
  "history": []
470
  },
471
  {
472
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
473
+ "input": "market exchange",
474
+ "output": "A mode of exchange which implies both a specific location for transactions and the sort of social relations where bargaining can occur. It usually involves a system of price-making through negotiation.",
475
  "system": "",
476
  "history": []
477
  },
478
  {
479
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
480
+ "input": "soviets",
481
+ "output": "councils of workers\u2019 and soldiers\u2019 deputies formed throughout Russia in 1917 that played an important role in the Bolshevik Revolution.",
482
  "system": "",
483
  "history": []
484
  },
485
  {
486
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
487
+ "input": "social Darwinism",
488
+ "output": "the application of Darwin\u2019s principle of organic evolution to the social order; led to the belief that progress comes from the struggle for survival as the fittest advance and the weak decline.",
489
  "system": "",
490
  "history": []
491
  },
492
  {
493
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
494
+ "input": "cognitive style",
495
+ "output": "Stable variation among learners in ways of perceiving, organizing, processing, and remembering information.",
496
  "system": "",
497
  "history": []
498
  },
499
  {
500
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
501
+ "input": "ethnography",
502
+ "output": "Literally, \u2018writing about peoples\u2019, the term also implies the practice of anthropological fieldwork.",
503
  "system": "",
504
  "history": []
505
  },
506
  {
507
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
508
+ "input": "Bronze Age",
509
+ "output": "the period from around 3000 to 1200 B.C. It was characterized by the widespread use of bronze for making tools and weapons.",
510
  "system": "",
511
  "history": []
512
  },
513
  {
514
  "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
515
+ "input": "monogamy",
516
+ "output": "the practice of being married to one person at a time.",
517
  "system": "",
518
  "history": []
519
  },
520
  {
521
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
522
+ "input": "ethno",
523
+ "output": "The ethnic group, defined as a firm aggregate of people, historically established on a given territory, possessing in common relatively stable peculiarities of language and culture, and also recognizing their unity and difference as expressed in a self- appointed name (ethnonym).",
524
  "system": "",
525
  "history": []
526
  },
527
  {
528
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
529
+ "input": "exit interview",
530
+ "output": "Interviews with employees who are leaving the firm, conducted for the purpose of obtaining information about the job or related matters, to give the employer insight about the company.",
531
  "system": "",
532
  "history": []
533
  },
534
  {
535
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
536
+ "input": "planned economy",
537
+ "output": "An economic system in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government.",
538
  "system": "",
539
  "history": []
540
  },
541
  {
542
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
543
+ "input": "Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)",
544
+ "output": "A method of analyzing artifactcomposition similar to optical emissionspectrometry (OES) in that it measuresenergy in the form of visible light waves. It is capable of measuring up to 40 different elements with an accuracy of c. 1 percent.",
545
  "system": "",
546
  "history": []
547
  },
548
  {
549
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
550
+ "input": "peer-polity interaction",
551
+ "output": "The full range of exchanges taking place \u2013 including imitation, emulation, competition, warfare, and the exchange of material goods and information \u2013 between autonomous (self- governing) socio-political units, generally within the same geographic region.",
552
  "system": "",
553
  "history": []
554
  },
555
  {
556
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
557
+ "input": "civilization",
558
+ "output": "In evolutionist theory, the highest level of society, characterized by urbanization, social hierarchy, and complex social structure (cf. savagery, barbarism).",
559
  "system": "",
560
  "history": []
561
  },
562
  {
563
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
564
+ "input": "animism",
565
+ "output": "A belief in a spiritual presence within things such as rocksand trees.",
566
  "system": "",
567
  "history": []
568
  },
569
  {
570
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
571
+ "input": "thermoluminescenece",
572
+ "output": "A dating technique that relies indirectly on radioactive decay, overlapping with radiocarbon in the time period for whichit is useful, but also has the potential for dating earlier periods. It has much in common with electron spin resonance (ESR).",
573
  "system": "",
574
  "history": []
575
  },
576
  {
577
  "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
578
+ "input": "core",
579
+ "output": "A lithic artifact from which flakes are removed; it is used as a tool or a blank from which other tools are made.",
580
  "system": "",
581
  "history": []
582
  },
583
  {
584
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
585
+ "input": "Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development",
586
+ "output": "An international economic organization that helps its 30 member countries achieve sustainable economic growth and employment.",
587
  "system": "",
588
  "history": []
589
  },
590
  {
591
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
592
+ "input": "Modernism",
593
+ "output": "the artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as artists rebelled against traditional efforts to portray reality as accurately as possible (leading to Impressionism and Cubism) and writers explored new forms.",
594
  "system": "",
595
  "history": []
596
  },
597
  {
598
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
599
+ "input": "culture circle",
600
+ "output": "A cluster of related culture traits, or the geographical area where these are found. The idea is fundamental to German- Austrian diffusionists, who saw these circles as spreading progressively over earlier culture circles (German, Kulturkreis).",
601
  "system": "",
602
  "history": []
603
  },
604
  {
605
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
606
+ "input": "Marxist archaeology",
607
+ "output": "Based principally on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this posits a materialist model of societal change. Change within a society is seen as the result of contradictions arising between the forces of production (technology) and the relations of production (social organization). Such contradictions are seen to emerge as a struggle between distinct social classes.",
608
  "system": "",
609
  "history": []
610
  },
611
  {
612
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
613
+ "input": "liberalism",
614
+ "output": "an ideology based on the belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible. Economic liberalism is the idea that the government should not interfere in the workings of the economy. Political liberalism is the idea that there should be restraints on the exercise of power so that people can enjoy basic civil rights in a constitutional state with a representative assembly.",
615
  "system": "",
616
  "history": []
617
  },
618
  {
619
  "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
620
+ "input": "self-evaluation",
621
+ "output": "Process involving self-judgments of current performance by comparing it to one's goal and self-reactions to these judgments by deeming performance noteworthy, unacceptable, and so forth.",
622
  "system": "",
623
  "history": []
624
  },
625
  {
626
+ "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
627
+ "input": "shaping behavior",
628
+ "output": "The process of guiding learning in graduated steps using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement.",
629
+ "system": "",
630
+ "history": []
631
+ },
632
+ {
633
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
634
+ "input": "population",
635
+ "output": "The aggregate of all sample units within a data universe.",
636
  "system": "",
637
  "history": []
638
  },
639
  {
640
  "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
641
+ "input": "organizational behavior",
642
+ "output": "Organizational behavior (OB): The study of the actions of people at work.",
643
  "system": "",
644
  "history": []
645
  },
646
  {
647
  "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
648
+ "input": "associative",
649
+ "output": "Saussure\u2019s term for what are now usually called paradigmatic relations in a language or symbolic system.",
650
  "system": "",
651
  "history": []
652
  },
653
  {
654
+ "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
655
+ "input": "actualistic studies",
656
+ "output": "Detailed observations of the actual use of materials like those found in the archaeological record (artifacts, ecofacts, and features), used to produce reliable general analogies for interpretation.",
657
  "system": "",
658
  "history": []
659
  },
660
  {
661
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
662
+ "input": "dichotic listening",
663
+ "output": "Hearing two verbal inputs simultaneously.",
664
  "system": "",
665
  "history": []
666
  },
667
  {
668
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
669
+ "input": "new imperialism",
670
+ "output": "the revival of imperialism after 1880 in which European nations established colonies throughout much of Asia and Africa.",
671
  "system": "",
672
  "history": []
673
  },
674
  {
675
+ "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
676
+ "input": "iconic representation",
677
+ "output": "Representing knowledge with mental images.",
678
  "system": "",
679
  "history": []
680
  },
681
  {
682
+ "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
683
+ "input": "cultural core, culture core",
684
+ "output": "In Steward\u2019s cultural ecology, the aspects of culture most susceptible to ecological influence (e.g., subsistence,patterns of migration) (cf. total culture).",
685
  "system": "",
686
  "history": []
687
  },
 
691
  "output": "Involving marriage where a woman is of higher status than her husband (cf. hypergamous).",
692
  "system": "",
693
  "history": []
694
+ },
695
+ {
696
+ "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ",
697
+ "input": "stagflation",
698
+ "output": "a combination of high inflation and high unemployment that was prevalent in the United States and elsewhere from 1973 to the mid-1980s.",
699
+ "system": "",
700
+ "history": []
701
  }
702
  ]