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 [
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this paper I argue that the pervasive reality of unjust heterosex necessitates greater attention to the concept of sexual fluency (Cahill 2014). This paper elaborates on what it means to be a sexually fluent and disfluent subject, and its broader ethical and political significance. As part of this discussion, I explore the relationship between sexual (dis)fluency and embedded imaginaries, and critically reflect on the promise and limitations of particular interventions to disrupt patterns of sexual disfluency among sexual actors.",
-        "output": "Sexual Fluency: Embedded Imaginaries and Unjust Sex",
+        "input": "Abstract: As with other settler colonies, Aotearoa New Zealand has seen a long-running conflict between a Euro-centric 'master narrative' of the historical past and Indigenous counter-narratives. Previous research on these narrative struggles adopts the 'top-down' perspective on collective remembering, focusing primarily on how memory entrepreneurs deploy cultural texts and practices to construct particular representations of history. To broaden the methodological scope, the analysis developed in this paper follows the 'bottom-up' approach, which makes it possible to map the distribution of collective memories across individuals and investigate their attitudinal effects. By means of a rigorous survey study (N = 1,066), the paper reveals three key findings about collective remembering in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, individuals in the 'critical years' of adolescence are more open to weaving Indigenous Maori perspectives into their understandings of history than older generations. Second, when compared to the monocultural master narrative, historical reconstructions that reflect Maori experiences promote a more inclusive understanding of national identity and generate public support for redressing historical injustices against Maori. Third, the empirical analysis finds no evidence for claims made by conservative political actors that creating space for the articulation of Maori histories perpetuates social division and weakens popular identification with the nation.",
+        "output": "Settler memory and Indigenous counter-memories: narrative struggles over the history of colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Due to COVID-19, schools were closed to mitigate disease spread. Past studies have shown that disruptions in education have unintended consequences for adolescents, including increasing their risk of school dropout, exploitation, gender-based violence, pregnancy and early unions. In Peru, the government closed schools from March 2020 to March 2022, declaring a national emergency that affected an estimated 8 million children. These closures may have unintended consequences, including increased adolescent pregnancy, particularly in Peru's rural, largely indigenous regions. Loreto, located in the Peruvian Amazon, has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the country and poor maternal and child health outcomes. The underlying causes may not be fully understood as data are limited, especially as we transition out of the pandemic. This qualitative study investigated the downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent education and reproductive health in Loreto's districts of Nauta and Parinari. In-depth interviews (n=41) were conducted with adolescents and community leaders. These were held in June 2022, 3months after the reinstitution of in-person classes throughout Peru. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also completed with community health workers and educators from the same study area in October 2022 to supplement our findings (3 FGDs, n=15). We observed that the economic, educational and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to reduced contraceptive use, and increased school abandonment, early unions and adolescent pregnancy. The interplay between adolescent pregnancy and both early unions and school abandonment was bidirectional, with each acting as both a cause and consequence of the other.",
-        "output": "The downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent girls in the Peruvian Amazon: qualitative findings on how the pandemic affected education and reproductive health.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a major climate variability mode that substantially influences weather extremes and climate patterns worldwide. However, the response of IOD variability to anthropogenic global warming remains highly uncertain. The latest IPCC Sixth Assessment Report concluded that human influences on IOD variability are not robustly detected in observations and twenty-first century climate-model projections. Here, using millennial-length climate simulations, we disentangle forced response and internal variability in IOD change and show that greenhouse warming robustly suppresses IOD variability. On a century time scale, internal variability overwhelms the forced change in IOD, leading to a widespread response in IOD variability. This masking effect is mainly caused by a remote influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. However, on a millennial time scale, nearly all climate models show a long-term weakening trend in IOD variability by greenhouse warming. Our results provide compelling evidence for a human influence on the IOD.This study shows that the variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole robustly weakens due to long-term warming. The findings provide compelling evidence for an anthropogenic influence on the Indian Ocean Dipole intensity.",
+        "output": "Decreased Indian Ocean Dipole variability under prolonged greenhouse warming",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The paper delves into the role of communist ideology in urban planning during the late Soviet era (1960s-1980s). It claims that the implementation of new urban plans, which aimed at the radical reconstruction of pre-war populated areas, was deeply rooted in socialist ideological stances. However, chronic housing shortages made the associated demolitions problematic and undesirable. By addressing this conflicting situation, the concept of banal socialism was introduced. The concept asserts that the decreasing prominence of overt ideology in the reconstruction of historic cities does not imply a weakening of its influence or the rationalization of the planning system. Instead, it suggests that Soviet ideology underwent a process of banalization, a transformation that involved the ideology adopting routinized, mundane, almost invisible form. By examining the case of Vilnius, the paper argues that this process not only significantly influenced late Soviet era urban planning but also played an important role in shaping a distinctive socialist landscape.",
-        "output": "Banal Socialism: The Role of Ideology in Late Soviet Era Urban Reconstruction-The Case of Vilnius",
+        "input": "Abstract: Epistemic reliabilism holds that a belief is justified if and only if it is produced by a reliable or truth-conducive process. I argue that reliabilism offers an epistemology for bounded rationality. This latter concept refers to normative and descriptive accounts of real-world reasoning instead of some ideal reasoning. However, as initially formulated, reliabilism involves an absolute, context-independent assessment of rationality that does not do justice to the fact that several processes are reliable in some reasoning environments but not in others, as is widely reported in the cognitive sciences literature. I consider possible solutions to this problem. Resorting to 'normality reliabilism', a variant of the theory, is one; but I find it insufficient. Therefore, in addition, I propose to relativise the reliability assessment to reasoning environments. This novel version of reliabilism fits bounded rationality better than the original one does.",
+        "output": "Reliabilist epistemology meets bounded rationality",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This study proposes a multi-failure theory to predict the failure modes, including buckling and material failure, and bearing load capacity of carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRC) non-uniformly ring-stiffened cylindrical shells (NRCS) under hydrostatic pressure. In contrast to previous research, which focused on the buckling modes of RCS with uniformly distributed rings using the smeared method (for global buckling) or analysis based on periodic boundary conditions (for mono-cell skin buckling, tripping, and couple buckling), the discrete stiffener theory based on a general and accurate deformation assumption was employed for high prediction accuracy of the critical load. This theory is necessary and efficient in the design of an NRCS with sparse but strong ribs and is verified through the finite element method (FEM) and experimental results. Subsequently, failure load curves were drawn through parametric analysis to reveal the effect of design parameters, including skin volume fraction, the position of stiffeners, lay-up orientation on the failure mode, and critical bearing load. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is adopted to train the theoretical data and search for the optimal design strategy. This work provides an efficient method to design a CFRC NRCS by combining theoretical analysis with a machine learning (ML) method.",
-        "output": "Multi-failure theory of non-uniformly ring-stiffened composite shells under hydrostatic pressure",
+        "input": "Abstract: In the frame of the Venezia2021 project the private 'Byzantine house' designed by Giuseppe Torres in 1905 was chosen as the emblematic architectural site which marks Venice's transition towards modernity, requiring study of its conservation in the lagoon environment of the city of Venice. In conjunction with the definition of a specific Path of Knowledge of the ground floor, a series of stone and lithoid materials as well as their related deterioration products from the interior rooms were sampled for analysis. The investigations covered a wide range of materials (plasters, mortars, natural and artificial stones, bricks, glass and finishings). They were carried out by means of a multi-analytical approach comprising SEM-EDX and optical microscopy; XRPD; XRF, ion chromatography; and Raman and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The stones identified are linked to the Venetian architectural tradition (Euganean trachyte and Istrian stone). The sands in the mortars are mainly of regional origin and the glass is compatible with traditional Venetian (Murano) recipes. Of particular interest is the presence of an intonachino charged with ground fluorite. The deterioration products are linked to the extensive and intense phenomenon of capillary rising damp and efflorescence deposition induced by the lagoon environment.",
+        "output": "Giuseppe Torres's 'Byzantine House' in Venice: Building Materials and Deterioration Products of an Early 1900s Home in the Lagoon Environment",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Within the field of research on the promotion of teachers' social and emotional competence, the present paper illustrates preliminary evidence of the efficacy of a new training program named ME4YOU aimed at supporting teachers' self-reflexive competences to deal with the emotional and relational dimensions of teaching, with constant and continuous attention towards underlining the close connection between the way teachers perform as professionals at work and the way they function as individuals in their personal life. A total of 109 teachers from kindergarten to primary school took part in the experimental group, while 67 teachers constituted the control group; the two groups were compared using a pre-test/post-test approach with regard to some self-reported variables related to professional and personal aspects. Teachers in the experimental group exhibited increased levels of professional self-efficacy and self-efficacy as emotional socializers toward students' emotions; moreover-although with a more limited impact-they reported benefits with regard to their personal life (i.e., reduced denial of own emotions and improved authenticity). The findings are discussed highlighting that health promotion among teachers is both of value in itself and an investment that can generate health in the whole school system.",
-        "output": "Promoting Teachers' Social and Emotional Competence in Light of the Close Connection between Professional Role and Personal Characteristics: Preliminary Evidence of the Efficacy of the ME4YOU Training Program.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article reports on research focused on a visual arts education course offered during a primary teacher training in Chile. It was driven by the increasing cultural diversity in Chilean schools, the potential of art education to respond to this context and the limited space that this field has in the national curriculum, an issue that is replicated in most teachers' training programmes. Intercultural and students' cultural funds of knowledge theories informed a framework that was implemented in the investigated course to strengthen pre-service teachers' cultural identity and the adoption of culturally inclusive practices. Through focus groups with the students and analysis of their visual journals, the research explored whether the course impacted their perception of visual arts education, and their cultural identities. Through a/r/tography, an arts-based methodology that articulates art, research and education, the study presents the students' voices and imagery, testimonies that contributed to reassess the space given to art education in primary schools and teacher training programmes.",
+        "output": "The Potential of Visual Arts Education: Strengthening Pre-Service Primary Teachers' Cultural Identity",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Museum collection records are a source of historic data for species occurrence, but little attention is paid to the associated descriptions of habitat at the sample locations. We propose that artificial intelligence methods have potential to use these descriptions for reconstructing past habitat, to address ecological and evolutionary questions.",
-        "output": "AI-based discovery of habitats from museum collections.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Objective and importance of study: Overweight and obesity are the second leading risk factors for death and non-communicable disease in Australia. This study aimed to examine the Australian Federal Government funding landscape for population-level obesity prevention from 2013 to 2022.STUDY TYPE: A retrospective analysis and narrative synthesis of publicly available data on obesity prevention funding from the Federal Government and major federally funded Australian research organisations.METHODS: Searches were conducted of Australian Federal Government Budget documents and funding announcements from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Research Council (ARC) and Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF). Funding allocations targeting obesity prevention, or the prevention of risk factors associated with obesity, were included. These were determined by the presence of keywords related to obesity, unhealthy diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Data were extracted verbatim, coded and narratively synthesised by funding source.RESULTS: From 2013 to 2022, 186 funding allocations for obesity prevention in Australia were identified, totalling approximately A$778 million. The proportion of funding allocated to obesity prevention compared to the total annual budget of each funding source was relatively low: NHMRC = 1.1%; ARC = 0.2%; MRFF = 0.8%; Federal Government = 0.1% (of health budget). Funding for obesity prevention initiatives fluctuated over time.CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the need for strategic and ongoing funding allocation to support obesity prevention research, implementation and sustainment of evidence-based obesity prevention initiatives in Australia.",
+        "output": "How much is invested in obesity prevention in Australia? An analysis of major research and Federal Government funding, 2013-2022.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Green Building Practices (GBPs) are gaining prominence in many countries around the world. However, in many developing countries, Tanzania inclusive, little progress has been made in achieving its implementation. The current study sought to examine the factors attributable to low uptake, focusing on an appraisal of the stakeholders' knowledge of GB design features, triggers, and the pathways for uptake. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania, involving different stakeholders sampled from the construction industry, including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and property managers. Valid data were collected through 412 questionnaires. The study revealed a general consensus among the respondents that GBs are environmentally friendly and cost effective. However, it appeared that the ranking score of GB design features according to the respondents did not correlate with their ranking in existing GB rating systems. It was concluded that there exist misconceptions among the constructions industry stakeholders regarding what green building practices entail and the essential requirements for their implementation. Therefore, the study recommends pragmatic educational trainings to stakeholders in the construction sector of Tanzania on GBPs. Mandatory legislation of green building codes and regulations is also suggested as a potential pathway for enhancing GB practices in Tanzania.",
-        "output": "Towards More Green Buildings in Tanzania: Knowledge of Stakeholders on Green Building Design Features, Triggers and Pathways for Uptake",
+        "input": "Abstract: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Immunosuppression increases the risk of MCC and is associated with poor prognosis. Organ transplant recipients (OTR) have worse overall survival (OS) than patients with immunosuppression due to other causes. Treating MCC after organ transplantation is challenging, as checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, the standard of care for treating MCC, increases the risk of transplant rejection. This paper reviews the cases of two simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT) recipients with MCC and explores the role of immunosuppression in the development of MCC. Immunosuppression was discontinued and checkpoint inhibitor therapy was initiated in the first patient and considered by the second patient. In both cases, treatment failed, and the patients died shortly after developing metastatic MCC. These cases illustrate the need for improved multidisciplinary treatment regimens for MCC in OTRs. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(5):376-377. doi:10.36849/JDD.8234 .",
+        "output": "Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Fatal Outcomes.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent physical and mental health problems lasting weeks or months, requiring prolonged periods of clinical care and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. This phenomenon, known as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a relatively new condition, its incidence is still unclear and differs between studies.OBJECTIVES: In this cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of PCS and to identify its risk factors in the Tunisian population.METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the triage unit of the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were contacted by phone for a follow-up evaluation of PCS 12- weeks after the diagnosis date.RESULTS: A total of 1451 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, responded to the follow-up evaluation after 3 months. The incidence of PCS was found to be 44.03% (95% CI [41.47; 46.58]), with fatigue being the most common symptom (21.5%), followed by cognitive impairment (10.3%), including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main associated factors to PCS were female gender (RR=1.54; CI95% [1.30 - 1.82]), pre-existing comorbidities (RR=1.30; CI95% [1.10 - 1.52]), duration of acute COVID-19 illness (days) (RR=1.02; CI95% [1.01 - 1.03]), hospitalization (RR=1.27; CI95% [1.05 - 1.53]), number of COVID-19 episodes (RR=1.46; CI 95% [1.28 - 1.67]) and patients having receive two or more doses of vaccine prior to COVID-19 infection (RR=0.82; CI95% [0.70 - 0.96]).CONCLUSION: Our study allowed to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of PCS. Recognizing these factors could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and guide interventions for prevention and management of this condition.",
-        "output": "Incidence and risk factors of post COVID-19 syndrome: a Tunisian cohort study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Background The prevalence of depression in medical students was greater than in the general population. Knowing of predictive factors for depression among medical students is useful. The objectives of this study included the assessment of personality traits as well as the association between the personality traits and the presence of symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among medical students covering several regions of Thailand.Methods From April to July 2023, a cross-section study was conducted. The participants included first to sixth-year medical students studying at three Faculties of Medicine in Thailand; Prince of Songkla University; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; and Chiang Mai University. Using the online process, the questionnaires were composed of three sections; demographic data; the International Personality Item Pool-NEO (IPIP-NEO), Thai version; and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Thai version. Demographics, personality traits, depression, and suicidal ideation were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results were presented as frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). The association between independent variables and the presence of depression was identified using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association with suicidal ideation was identified using ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results The 868 medical students participated in this study. Most of them were female (63.5%), Buddhist (82.0%), and first-year medical students (31.8%). The mean age (SD) was 20.8 (2.2) years, and the mean cumulative Grade Point Average (SD) was 3.5 (0.4). They reported the median (IQR) score of PHQ-9 as 6.0 (3.0-9.0), 238 participants (27.4%) presented with depression, and 138 (15.9%) participants reported suicidal ideation. According to the IPIP-NEO, participants with depression or suicidal ideation had higher Neuroticism scores and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores compared to those without such issues. An increase in the Neuroticism score was linked to higher odds of depression, while an increase in the Conscientiousness score was associated with lower odds of depression. Suicidal ideation significantly increased with higher Neuroticism scores and the presence of a psychiatric illness.Conclusions More than a quarter of Thai medical students reported depression. A higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scores related to depression. Therefore, medical schools may benefit from knowing medical students' personality traits, to identify coping mechanisms and predict those at a higher risk of developing depression in the future.",
+        "output": "The personality traits with depression and suicidal ideation among Thai medical students: a university-based multiregional study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with adverse outcomes. Single-center studies suggest that the prevalence of CS-AKI is high after the Norwood procedure, or stage 1 palliation (S1P), but multicenter data are lacking.DESIGN: A secondary analysis of the Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network (NEPHRON) multicenter cohort who underwent S1P. Using neonatal modification of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, perioperative associations between CS-AKI with morbidity and mortality were examined. Sensitivity analysis, with the exclusion of prophylactic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, was performed.SETTING: Twenty-two hospitals participating in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC 4 ) and contributing to NEPHRON.PATIENTS: Three hundred forty-seven neonates (< 30 d old) with S1P managed between September 2015 and January 2018.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 347 patients, CS-AKI occurred in 231 (67%). The maximum stages were as follows: stage 1, in 141 of 347 (41%); stage 2, in 51 of 347 (15%); and stage 3, in 39 of 347 (11%). Severe CS-AKI (stages 2 and 3) peaked on the first postoperative day. In multivariable analysis, preoperative feeding was associated with lower odds of CS-AKI (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86), whereas prophylactic PD was associated with greater odds of severe CS-AKI (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.88-7.19]). We failed to identify an association between prophylactic PD and increased creatinine (OR 1.85 [95% CI, 0.82-4.14]) but cannot exclude the possibility of a four-fold increase in odds. Hospital mortality was 5.5% ( n = 19). After adjusting for risk covariates and center effect, severe CS-AKI was associated with greater odds of hospital mortality (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.11-12.16]). We failed to find associations between severe CS-AKI and respiratory support or length of stay. The sensitivity analysis using PD failed to show associations between severe CS-AKI and outcome.CONCLUSIONS: KDIGO-defined CS-AKI occurred frequently and early postoperatively in this 2015-2018 multicenter PC 4 /NEPHRON cohort of neonates after S1P. We failed to identify associations between resource utilization and CS-AKI, but there was an association between severe CS-AKI and greater odds of mortality in this high-risk cohort. Improving the precision for defining clinically relevant neonatal CS-AKI remains a priority.",
-        "output": "Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Undergoing the Norwood Operation: Retrospective Analysis of the Multicenter Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network Dataset, 2015-2018.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The present proposed volume takes as its fulcrum the concept of gender, and in its most simple iteration asks: What happens when, we - that is, the varied individuals and communities who take a vested interest in the collections housed by ethnographic museums - think more deliberately from the objects in our museums? How might we theorize gender in ways that allow us to think our relationships to each other in Povinelli's (2011) 'otherwise' ways? Ultimately this volume brings together cutting-edge thinking in gender studies, material culture, and museum practice, centering the lens on the ethnographic as a critical category of analysis that continues to regiment how we organize the very collections in our museums.",
+        "output": "Rethinking gender from the ethnographic museum. Introduction to the special issue",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The fire at Notre-Dame de Paris led to the discovery of several series of previously unknown iron armatures, which were systematically recorded. Amongst them, several iron staples from the top of the eaves walls, lead crest reinforcements and a sample of the tie rods used in the choir in the 19th century were analysed by metallography and tensile tests in order to determine their nature and mechanical characteristics. These results can be put into perspective with previous studies on such monuments. The chemical analysis with SEM-EDS of the slag inclusions contained in the matrix of these ferrous alloys makes it possible to determine the technical processes used for their production throughout the construction and restoration of the building, highlighting several differences depending on the typologies of the iron armatures. This information is complemented by a series of radiocarbon dates currently being carried out to better understand the periods of use of these ferrous reinforcements. When compared with those of other materials, these dates could be used to recalibrate the phasing of the building. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Revealing the iron skeleton of Notre-Dame de Paris. Methodologies and issues of archaeological and analytical investigations following the blaze",
+        "input": "Abstract: Purpose To compare the details, oncologists include in discharge letters with what home care physicians need. Although discharge letters are important to share patients' information for home palliative care, few studies have compared the details, especially patients' emotions, regarding what oncologists include in discharge letters and home care physicians' needs. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted by sending anonymous, self-administered questionnaires to 500 certified oncologists (OCs) and 500 directors of home care supporting clinics (HCs) in Japan between March and May 2023. The survey considered 20 potential items found in discharge letters, and compared rates of OCs including these items and HCs needs. Results Of 310 valid responses, 186 were from OCs (average age: 47.7; 29 females) and 124 from HCs (average age: 55.4; 9 females). Major items with lower inclusion rates for OCs included patients' emotions regarding medical conditions (58.4% in OCs vs. 92.6% in HCs, p < 0.001), families' emotions regarding medical conditions (60.0 vs. 92.6%, respectively, p < 0.001), patients' perceptions regarding medical conditions (84.9 vs. 94.3%, respectively, p = 0.011), families' perceptions regarding medical conditions (84.3 vs. 95.1%, respectively, p = 0.004), and potential late-onset treatment-related adverse events (79.3 vs. 92.6%, respectively, p = 0.002). Conversely, OCs included patients' activities of daily living more frequently (96.2 vs. 90.2%, respectively, p = 0.031). Conclusion Transitioning to home-based palliative care may necessitate accurate information and consideration of patients' and families' perceptions and emotions regarding medical conditions in discharge letters for continuous provision of high-quality care.",
+        "output": "Differences in discharge letter content: oncologists' vs. home care physicians' needs",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Emotion recognition plays an essential role in human-human interaction since it is a key to understanding the emotional states and reactions of human beings when they are subject to events and engagements in everyday life. Moving towards human-computer interaction, the study of emotions becomes fundamental because it is at the basis of the design of advanced systems to support a broad spectrum of application areas, including forensic, rehabilitative, educational, and many others. An effective method for discriminating emotions is based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data analysis, which is used as input for classification systems. Collecting brain signals on several channels and for a wide range of emotions produces cumbersome datasets that are hard to manage, transmit, and use in varied applications. In this context, the paper introduces the Empatheia system, which explores a different EEG representation by encoding EEG signals into images prior to their classification. In particular, the proposed system extracts spatio-temporal image encodings, or atlases, from EEG data through the Processing and transfeR of Interaction States and Mappings through Image-based eNcoding (PRISMIN) framework, thus obtaining a compact representation of the input signals. The atlases are then classified through the Empatheia architecture, which comprises branches based on convolutional, recurrent, and transformer models designed and tuned to capture the spatial and temporal aspects of emotions. Extensive experiments were conducted on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) public dataset, where the proposed system significantly reduced its size while retaining high performance. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and suggest new avenues for data representation in emotion recognition from EEG signals.",
-        "output": "Spatio-Temporal Image-Based Encoded Atlases for EEG Emotion Recognition",
+        "input": "Abstract: Communicating health disparities in mass and social media has typically taken the form of comparing disease risks and outcomes between two or more social groups, a strategy known as social comparison framing. This comprehensive review examined the design and results of 17 studies from 15 peer-reviewed journal articles about the effects of social comparison framing of health disparities. Most studies focus on race-based disparities across a variety of health topics. For individual-level outcomes, social comparison tends to reduce perceived disease risks for the lower disease prevalence group while prompting negative emotions and yielding inconsistent impact on health behavioral intentions among members of the higher prevalence group. For societal-level outcomes, social comparison often has either null or polarizing effects on support for policies to address these disparities that vary by racial identity/attitudes of the respondents. Studies also find that racial comparisons trigger lower levels of support for policy remedies relative to economic, educational, or geographic comparisons. We conclude that social comparison framing of health disparities, in the absence of broader discussion of the social and structural causes of these disparities, is more likely to incur negative consequences. We propose several possible strategies to communicate health disparity information more effectively.",
+        "output": "Effects of communicating health disparities using social comparison framing: A comprehensive review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.",
-        "output": "ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Among smart construction technologies, 3D laser scanning technology is used in a variety of applications, including progress measurement, quantity management, reverse engineering (RE), health monitoring, mechanical electronic plumbing (MEP), and so on, using point clouds data (PCD) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) field. This technology is one of the important data acquisition technologies in construction status to perform active project management through the complete and accurate three-dimensional and visual judgment of building acts. The surveying work for setting out a building is the first step in constructing a building; the location of the building must match the design plan for a building to be sustainable. This is because, if a location deviation exceeds the permitted range, the building must be demolished and rebuilt. When this happens, sustainable construction management is impossible due to delays in the construction schedule, increased construction costs, waste generation, and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate a case where the accuracy of setting out a building was measured in the construction stage of a building and the building layout design was modified by RE. Although the foundation construction of the case building was in progress, it was confirmed that the setting out of the building measured using a 3D laser scanner did not match with the building layout plan. Therefore, there was no legal problem even if the layout plan is modified according to the measured results, so the building layout plan was modified through RE. Consequently, it was confirmed that a case building under construction became sustainable through RE, and that sustainable construction management was possible by preventing construction schedule delays, increased construction costs, and waste generation.",
+        "output": "Reverse Engineering of Building Layout Plan through Checking the Setting out of a Building on a Site Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology for Sustainable Building Construction: A Case Study",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The Olympic Games of 1940 were due to be organized in Tokyo, Japan, but because of the Sino-Japanese war, the event was hastily re-scheduled to be organized in Helsinki, Finland. The Second World War however interrupted the preparations. Instead of 1940, the Games were organized in Helsinki in 1952. It thus became necessary to prepare twice for the same event. During the 12 years that had passed, the political situation had become significantly different, while also views concerning architecture and urban planning had changed. The postponed Helsinki Olympics represent an intriguing case in the history of Olympic Games, that has remained relatively little researched. This paper proposes that this 12-year 'Olympic gap' brings to view on one hand the need to prepare twice, and on the other hand, the processual, slow nature of building and planning, which continued almost uninterrupted. A close reading of period newspaper articles, history of urban planning and architecture, as well as studies of the Olympic Games reveals tensions between architecture, planning, and politics on local, national, and international level, as they unravel in the context of preparing for the Helsinki Olympics.",
-        "output": "The Olympic gap: planning and politics of the Helsinki Olympics",
+        "input": "Abstract: The practice of forced marriage has been the subject of focussed attention over the past 15 years in Australia. The policy approach has largely centred on criminal law responses. In this paper we turn to the social safety net, supports available for those experiencing pressure to marry or in a forced marriage, and their families. We report on eight focus groups with 56 participants working in key frontline roles, drawing on their perspectives to advance our understanding of key features of the social response. We identify four key features: the first is relational; frontline workers observe that an effective social response is contingent on trusting, client-led relationships. Secondly, appropriate framing and considered language is highlighted as critical. The third and fourth features are structural considerations within a social response: Australia's migration and asylum-seeking system and the resourcing of relevant social services.",
+        "output": "Forced Marriage in Australia: Building a Social Response with Frontline Workers",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article interrogates anthropocentrism and nonhuman animal instrumentalization in One Health (OH). It argues that OH's approach to human health and zoonosis focuses too narrowly on furthering certain human interests at the expense of nonhuman animals, which is not sustainable, just, or compassionate. This article also offers an alternative vision for protecting and promoting health for all over the long term that includes the human right to self-determination and the nonhuman animal right to not be exploited or abused. This rights-based approach recognizes that the root causes of zoonosis should be identified and addressed via policies and actions that challenge nonhuman animal exploitation.",
-        "output": "How One Health Instrumentalizes Nonhuman Animals.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Digital twinning is a rapidly growing area of research. Digital twins combine models and data to provide up-to-date information about the state of a system. They support reliable decision-making in fields such as structural monitoring and advanced manufacturing. The use of metrology data to update models in this way offers benefits in many areas, including metrology itself. The recent activities in digitalisation of metrology offer a great opportunity to make metrology data 'twin-friendly' and to incorporate digital twins into metrological processes. This paper discusses key features of digital twins that will inform their use in metrology and measurement, highlights the links between digital twins and virtual metrology, outlines what use metrology can make of digital twins and how metrology and measured data can support the use of digital twins, and suggests potential future developments that will maximise the benefits achieved.",
+        "output": "Digital twins for metrology; metrology for digital twins",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: From a gender historical perspective, labour precarity constitutes a long-term phenomenon. Women's work represents a privileged observatory to understand how instability and precarity also characterised the cycle of economic and industrial expansion of the 1950s and 1960s. The article compares the conditions of female factory workers with those of home-based workers, a traditionally invisible category of workers, who between the 1960s and 1970s promoted demonstrations and protests with the support of trade unions, women's associations and local institutions. Changes in the subjectivity of women workers and homeworkers, whose demands often came together and gave rise to joint protests, not only became part of broader discussions on the relationship between industrial crisis and precariousness, but also generated discourses on specific forms of work that are now central to debates on flexible/precarious work such as part-time work.",
-        "output": "Italian women workers and women activists between home and factory: the struggle against labour precarity (1950s-1970s)",
+        "input": "Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the linguistic landscapes (LL) of two distinct ethnic areas in Shin-Okubo, Japan: Koreatown and Islamic Street. By paying particular attention to the difference in the formation of the two immigrant communities, this study aims to better understand various functions of language on signage and their impact on socio-cultural interactions between immigrants and the host society. The findings reveal distinct functions of languages in the LLs, showcasing their significance to the dynamic process of immigrant community formation. In Koreatown, a major centre of Korean culture consumption among the Japanese, the symbolic use of Korean asserts authenticity and offers Japanese tourists an exotic experience. This creates a cohesive space of commodification, vitalising the area in harmony with the local host community. In contrast, Islamic Street represents a multifaceted space shaped by a diverse array of languages and scripts, reflecting its recent emergence of ethnolinguistic vitality. The LL of Islamic Street, characterised by the informational use of language that caters to the daily needs and transnational practices of immigrants, reflects and fosters their social and cultural distance from the host society.",
+        "output": "Linguistic landscape of Shin-\u014ckubo, Tokyo: a comparative study of Koreatown and Islamic Street",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens.",
-        "output": "Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus",
+        "input": "Abstract: Fisheries enterprises require financing to support their production, innovation, and market expansion, but they also face various risks from the external environment. The effective prevention and mitigation of these risks is a common concern of both the government and academia. This paper aims to explore the nature and transmission mechanism of financing risk for fisheries enterprises from the perspective of dynamic capital flow and external environmental risk. Based on a literature review and expert consultation, an index system is proposed to measure the financing risk of fisheries enterprises. A complex network model is subsequently used to analyze the key risk factors and their interactions, and a risk network visualization diagram is drawn. The main findings are as follows: (1) Laws, institutions, and policies in the external environment of fisheries enterprises are the initial risk factors for the financing risk network, affecting the availability, cost, and regulation of financing sources for fisheries enterprises. (2) Market competition, corporate profitability, and financing scale are the key intermediary factors of the financing risk network, reflecting the performance, demand, and capacity of fisheries enterprises to obtain and use financing. (3) The intermediary centrality in the financing risk network of fisheries enterprises contains more information than other node characteristic parameters, indicating the importance and influence of each factor in the network structure and dynamics. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature and transmission mechanism of financing risk for fisheries enterprises and provides implications for risk management and policy-making.",
+        "output": "Construction and analysis of the financing risk network of Chinese fisheries enterprises",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify the relationship between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and clinical outcomes in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD).METHODS: The PubMed, EBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched for available studies up to December 25, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included the incidence of PD dropout, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), technique failure and peritonitis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the predictive value of the GNRI for the occurrence of the above endpoints.RESULTS: Ten cohort studies with 3897 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that a lower GNRI was significantly associated with a greater incidence of all-cause mortality (HR\u2005=\u20050.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.91; P\u2005=\u2005.007). In addition, a decreased GNRI predicted the occurrence of dropout from PD (HR\u2005=\u20050.971, 95% CI: 0.945-0.998, P\u2005=\u2005.034) and MACCE (HR\u2005=\u20050.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P\u2005=\u2005.001). However, no significant associations of the GNRI with technique failure (P\u2005=\u2005.167) or peritonitis (P\u2005=\u2005.96) were observed.CONCLUSION: A low GNRI is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and might serve as a novel and valuable prognostic indicator among PD patients.",
-        "output": "Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and clinical outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients: A meta-analysis.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Inborn errors of immunity have been associated with reduced health-related quality of life and increased fatigue. Sleep disorders, which have been shown to contribute to fatigue and other health concerns, are prevalent in the general population, but there are limited studies evaluating these conditions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue, sleep disturbances, and sleep-disordered breathing in adults with CVID. Patients completed 4 validated, self-administered questionnaires and a 1-night disposable home sleep apnea test. Our results demonstrated increased median Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System fatigue scores of 58.7 in patients with CVID in addition to clinically significant fatigue as measured by Fatigue Severity Scale score (median, 5.2) and overall poor sleep quality based on global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (median, 9.0). For CVID patients who completed the home sleep apnea test, 76.9% met criteria for sleep-disordered breathing with an Apnea-Hypopnea Index score of 5 or greater. The results of our study indicate that patients with CVID may have increased rates of undiagnosed sleep disorders that may contribute to increased fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life.",
+        "output": "Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Patients with CVID.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Foraging is a central competence of all mobile organisms. Models and concepts from foraging theory have been applied widely throughout biology to the search for many kinds of external resources, including food, sexual encounters, minerals, water, and the like. In cognitive science and neuroscience, the tools of foraging theory are increasingly applied to a wide range of other types of search, including for abstract resources like information or for internal resources like memories, concepts, and strategies for problem solving. Despite its importance in ecology and increasing relevance for the study of cognition, the concept of foraging is rarely analyzed. Here, I aim to rectify this situation. I outline three desiderata: first, an analysis should differentiate foraging from search and decision making more generally; second, an analysis should unify different types of foraging; and third, an analysis should help ground predictions. I present an analysis of foraging as the serial search for general resources in accept-or-reject, exclusive, persistent decision contexts. Not all search is serial and not all decision making is exclusive, differentiating foraging from search and decision making generally. With the aid of Markov decision processes and directed cyclical models, I show how the analysis implies a cyclical graph. This cyclical graph is embedded in the description of many types of foraging, unifying the different instances. Finally, I argue that the cyclical graph is also embedded in representations of novel task contexts that have not previously been viewed as foraging. I illustrate this novel application of the concept of foraging by arguing that reasoning is a type of foraging.",
-        "output": "What is foraging?",
+        "input": "Abstract: The rock discontinuity orientation has a significant impact on the engineering stability. This paper proposes a semi-automatic method for identifying the orientation of rock discontinuities based on 3D point clouds. First, the normal of each point is calculated by k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and least squares (LS) algorithms. Then the point normal is regarded as the input parameter and the number of joint sets can be determined by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). For each joint set, the point coordinate is considered as the input parameter, and DBSCAN is employed again to obtain the individual joint plane. Finally, the orientation of each joint plane is computed by LS algorithm, and the weighted mean of the orientation based on size is taken as the orientation of each joint set. The correctness of the method is verified by two standard geometric solid objects, and it is applied in real slope engineering to identify the orientation of rock discontinuities. The results are consistent with those observed in the field, and the differences with other methods are discussed. In comparison with the open source procedure DSE and the commercial software ShapeMetrix, the proposed method shows remarkable advantages in terms of precision and accuracy, and can preserve more point cloud information. This study extends the method of semi-automatic identification of rock discontinuities and can provide a reference for similar engineering.",
+        "output": "Semi-automatic identification of rock discontinuity orientation based on 3D point clouds and its engineering application",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: On 17 December 2010, the self-immolation of a young street vendor in Sidi Bouzid, a town in inland Tunisia, instigated the uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring or the Arab Revolutions - a wording that I will use here as a translation from the Arabic al-thawrat al-`arabiyya. Observers were shocked at the radical protests arising in these regions, where authoritarian regimes had crushed all serious opposition over the decades. Conflicts governed by geopolitics, in particular the ongoing Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian hostilities, and the focus on political Islam and jihadism as the only globalized locus of political protest, have arrogated any attention for societies, their transformation, and their mobilization.",
-        "output": "A Decade after the Arab Revolutions: Reflections on the Evolution of Questions about the SWANA Region",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Health technology assessment (HTA) guidance often recommends a 3% real annual discount rate, the appropriateness of which has received limited attention. This article seeks to identify an appropriate rate for high-income countries because it can influence projected cost-effectiveness and hence resource allocation recommendations.METHODS: The author conducted 2 Pubmed.gov searches. The first sought articles on the theory for selecting a rate. The second sought HTA guidance documents.RESULTS: The first search yielded 21 articles describing 2 approaches. The Ramsey Equation sums contributions by 4 factors: pure time preference, catastrophic risk, wealth effect, and macroeconomic risk. The first 3 factors increase the discount rate because they indicate future impacts are less important, whereas the last, suggesting greater future need, decreases the discount rate. A fifth factor-project-specific risk-increases the discount rate but does not appear in the Ramsey Equation. Market interest rates represent a second approach for identifying a discount rate because they represent competing investment returns and hence opportunity costs. The second search identified HTA guidelines for 32 high-income countries. Twenty-two provide no explicit rationale for their recommended rates, 8 appeal to market interest rates, 3 to consistency, and 3 to Ramsey Equation factors.CONCLUSIONS: Declining consumption growth and real interest rates imply HTA guidance should reduce recommended discount rates to 1.5 to 2+%. This change will improve projected cost-effectiveness for therapies with long-term benefits and increase the impact of accounting for long-term drug price dynamics, including reduced prices attending loss of market exclusivity.",
+        "output": "It Is Time to Reconsider the 3% Discount Rate.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) is a long-term, open-ended project that aims to improve access to archaeological data online. Its website (https://pepadb.us.es) publishes and analyses datasets about prehistoric personal adornment, drawing on the results of various research projects and bibliographic references.",
-        "output": "Unlocking archaeological data online via the PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) initiative for Open Science",
+        "input": "Abstract: Submissions on enforcement matters (SEMs) allow civil society members to assert that one party to a free trade agreement (FTA) is failing to enforce its domestic environmental laws. Submissions that survive every step of the SEM process result in a 'factual record' prepared by a secretariat on enforcement matters. Relying on qualitative comparative analysis and an original dataset compiling the 158 SEMs submitted under the framework of US FTAs, I investigate what conditions make submissions more likely to succeed in leading to a factual record. I find that the existence of previous submissions dealing with the same facts, submissions against developing countries, and the presence of at least one non-governmental organization as a submitter contribute to a submission's success, but only in conjunction with other conditions and for a limited number of cases. This result provides overall evidence that secretariats' decisions are unbiased by the factors examined in this paper.",
+        "output": "Searching for a recipe for success: environmental citizen petitions under free trade agreements",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Risk information avoidance (RIA) has become an increasingly ubiquitous behavior for people to deal with massive volumes of information. Given its detrimental impact, abundant studies were conducted to explore its antecedents. Nevertheless, the results are scattered and, in some cases, inconsistent. We thereby conducted a meta-analysis to present a synthesis of the current findings by identifying the most relevant antecedents and moderators. Guided by the framework of Planned Risk Information Avoidance, we examined 11 antecedents along cognitive, emotional, and sociocultural dimensions. Based on 52 articles across various contexts, the results indicated that information overload (r = .30), efficacy belief (r = -.11), fatalism (r = .18), information insufficiency (r = -.09), anxiety (r = .26), worry (r = -.08) and information avoiding norms (r = .50) were significant predictors of RIA. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance and information type were identified as moderators.",
-        "output": "Disentangling the Effects of Cognitive, Affective, and Sociocultural Factors on Risk Information Avoidance: A Meta-Analysis",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no pediatric studies have highlighted the impact of center's ventricular assist device (VAD) volumes on postimplant outcomes.METHODS: Children (age <19) enrolled in Pedimacs undergoing initial left ventricular assist device implantation from 2012 to 2020 were included. Center volume was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. For categorical analysis, center volumes were divided as: low volume (1-15 implants), medium volume (15-30 implants), and high volume (>30 implants) during our study period. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared by center's VAD volumes.RESULTS: Of 44 centers, 16 (36.4%) were low, 11 (25%) weremedium, and 17 (38.6%) werehigh-volume centers. Children at high-volume centers were least likely intubated, sedated, or paralyzed, and most likely ambulating preimplant (p<0.05 for all). Center's VAD volumes were not a significant risk factor for mortality postimplant when treated as a continuous or a categorical variable (p>0.05). Compared to low volume, children at high-volume centers had fewer early neurological events. Compared to medium volume, those at high-volume centers had fewer late bleeding events(p<0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in survival after an adverse event by hospital volumes (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Althoughhospital volume does not affect post-VAD implant mortality, pediatric centers with higher VAD volumes have fewer patients intubated, sedated, paralyzed preimplant, and have lower adverse events. Failure to rescue was not significantly different between low, medium, and high-volume VAD centers.",
+        "output": "Impact of center volume on outcomes after ventricular assist device implantation in pediatric patients: An analysis of the STS-Pedimacs database.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect, reinforcement effect and penetration effect of rusted bronze before and after the compounding of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) with B72 (Paraloid B72) were investigated using surface analysis and electrochemical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quantum chemical computing techniques were used to explore the mechanism of corrosion mitigation further. In addition, an electronic universal testing machine was used to test the ability of the material to reinforce different rust compositions before and after compounding. The dynamic potential polarization method was used to determine the composite scheme's optimal corrosion inhibition ratio and study the corrosion inhibition effect. The experimental results showed that the best corrosion inhibition effect was achieved at the ratio of MBI/B72 ratio 3:7, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was 97.84 % under these conditions. Most of the MBI molecules used by us presented prominent permeation adsorption behavior. They formed uneven films of Cu(I)-MBI and Cu(II)-MBI coordination compounds on the surface of the rust layer. Finally, B72 combines with MBI molecules through hydrogen bonding to form a compact and smooth film, which helps improve corrosion inhibition efficiency and plays a certain role in reinforcement. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
-        "output": "2-Mercaptob enzimidazole compounde d with the conventional sealer B72 for the protection of rusted bronze",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of cumulative head impacts on saccade latency and errors, measured across two successive football seasons.DESIGN: Participants were acquired from a sample of convenience-one Canadian university football team. Head impacts were collected during training camp, practices, eight regular season games, and four playoff games in each season. Saccade measurements were collected at five time points-before and after training camp, at midseason, after regular season, and after playoffs.SETTING: Two seasons following players from a single USports football team during practices and games.PARTICIPANTS: Players who completed a baseline saccade measurement and a minimum of one follow-up measurement were included in the study. A total of 127 players were monitored across two competitive seasons, including 61 players who participated in both seasons.INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Head impact measurements were collected using helmet-mounted sensors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Saccade latency and number of errors were measured using high-speed video or electro-oculography.RESULTS: On average, each head impact increased prosaccade latency by 5.16 * 10 -3 ms (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.26 * 10 -4 -1.00 * 10 -2 , P = 0.03) and antisaccade latency by 5.74 * 10 -3 ms (95% CI, 7.18 * 10 -4 -1.06 * 10 -2 , P = 0.02). These latency increases did not decrease between the two seasons; in fact, prosaccade latencies were 23.20 ms longer (95% CI, 19.40-27.14, P < 0.001) at the second season's baseline measurement than the first. The number of saccade errors was not affected by cumulative head impacts.CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive head impacts in Canadian university football result in cumulative declines in brain function as measured by saccade performance.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Football organizations should consider implementing policies focused on reducing head impacts to improve player safety.",
+        "output": "Effect of Repetitive Head Impacts on Saccade Performance in Canadian University Football Players.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Sometime around the first half of the seventeenth century, a Muslim woman known by the name Fatima brought her slaves to court over an inheritance dispute in the Indian port city of Surat. Tracing Fatima's lawsuit and its many afterlives through the study of the transmission of its sole surviving record, this article charts the genealogies of the gendered (re)interpretations of the meaning of law and Islam from the courtroom of Surat to a Mughal official's anthology and to a French Orientalist's library. Along the way, Fatima's invocation of divine legal authority in protecting her right of inheritance became abstracted by the Mughal official into a Persianate scribal articulation of ideal social order that saw the masculine as the default gender of law. This scribal vision of order then converged with the Orientalist's universalist narrative of natural law that struggled to comprehend simultaneously the legal, economic and bodily agency of Muslim women. These layered processes of archive-making ultimately invite us to rethink not just Fatima's story itself but also our current efforts to write gender into global history.",
-        "output": "FATIMA'S INHERITANCE: LAW, ISLAM, AND GENDERED ARCHIVE-MAKING IN INDIA'S EARLY MODERN GLOBAL CONNECTIONS",
+        "input": "Abstract: The first comprehensive study of the cathedral's medieval stained-glass windows, supported by restoration charts, was carried out in 1959 by the art historian Jean Lafond and was the first of the collection of French works in the Corpus Vitrearum. Since that date, the publication of the inventory of ancient stained-glass windows in France, as well as other publications, have widened our knowledge of the stainedglass windows of Notre-Dame. The three medieval roses are the most important elements of Notre-Dame's glass heritage. Dating back to the 13 th century, they show evidence of the restorations carried out across the centuries. In the west rose which depicts a psychomachia, the zodiac and the Labours of the Months, only eleven of the original panels are still in place. In the north transept, the rose depicting the Virgin Mary surrounded by figures of the Old Testament is the best preserved window. The rose located in the south, which originally depicted a majestic God presiding over an assembly of saints, virgins and angels, has been substantially modified. A large number of stopgaps are observed in these three roses and are a sign of the restoration techniques used during the 18 th century. The coats of arms of Cardinal and Marshal Noailles, found in one of the choir chapels, are the two last vestiges of this period. The 18 th -century decoration was, in turn, replaced during the restoration of the cathedral by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc. In keeping with medieval traditions, they sought to present stained-glass windows with large figures in the upper windows of the choir, narrative stained-glass windows in some chapels and grisaille stained-glass windows for the rest of the building. This project took more than ten years to accomplish and was carried out by seven glass painting workshops, chosen amongst the best of their time and assisted by a painter. To restore the missing stained-glass windows, the architects relied on the small number of written reports describing the stained-glass windows before their destruction, but also on the details of fragments remaining in the cathedral, and the stained-glass windows of other medieval buildings. In the second half of the 20 th century, the grisaille windows that had been installed in the nave in the previous century were in turn replaced with abstract windows created by Jacques Le Chevallier. Since 2019, art historians from the Glass working group have been actively committed to updating and synthesizing the historical data on all of the cathedral's stained-glass windows. Documentary research will help to guide the observation of the works and will be completed, in the case of the original stained-glass windows, with the revision of the 1959 restoration chart. The study of the 19 th -century stained-glass windows will focus on the search for archaeological models, on the quality of the materials (glass, lead, etc.) and their implementation, but also on the specificity of the painting work, and ultimately providing a better knowledge of the workshops of glass painters who worked for Notre-Dame. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
+        "output": "Adapting the study of the stained-glass windows of Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral to the challenge of restoring a damaged listed building",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Background: Preterm neonates are extensively monitored to require strict oxygen target attainment for optimal outcomes. In daily practice, detailed oxygenation data are hardly used and crucial patterns may be missed due to the snapshot presentations and subjective observations. This study aimed to develop a web-based dashboard with both detailed and summarized oxygenation data in real-time and to test its feasibility to support clinical decision making. Methods: Data from pulse oximeters and ventilators were synchronized and stored to enable real-time and retrospective trend visualizations in a web-based viewer. The dashboard was designed based on interviews with clinicians. A preliminary version was evaluated during daily clinical rounds. The routine evaluation of the respiratory condition of neonates (gestational age < 32 weeks) with respiratory support at the NICU was compared to an assessment with the assistance of the dashboard. Results: The web-based dashboard included data on the oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, and area < 80% and > 95% SpO(2) curve during time intervals that could be varied. The distribution of SpO(2) values was visualized as histograms. In 65% of the patient evaluations (n = 86) the level of hypoxia was assessed differently with the use of the dashboard. In 75% of the patients the dashboard was judged to provide added value for the clinicians in supporting clinical decisions. Conclusions: A web-based customized oxygenation dashboard for preterm neonates at the NICU was developed and found feasible during evaluation. More clear and objective information was found supportive for clinicians during the daily rounds in tailoring treatment strategies.",
-        "output": "Development of a Web-Based Oxygenation Dashboard for Preterm Neonates: A Quality Improvement Initiative",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article concerns the diachronic rationality norms for comparative confidence judgments, that is, judgments of the form I am at least as confident in $p$ as I am in $q$. Specifically, it identifies, characterizes, and evaluates an intuitively compelling learning rule called comparative conditionalization that specifies how agents should revise their comparative confidence judgments in the face of novel evidence.",
+        "output": "Comparative Learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Soil use and management practices influence the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). From this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon stock and SOM fractions in a no-tillage (NT) and crop-livestock integration (CL) system in the Cerrado biome. The treatments were divided into four areas, subdivided into an area under NT with 11 years of cultivation, two areas under CL with 5 or 10 years of cultivation, and an area of native vegetation (NV). Undisturbed and disturbed soil (Ferralsols) samples were collected in layers 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4, and 0.4-0.6 m for the evaluations of soil properties, including bulk density, weighted mean diameter, clay content, carbon stock, carbon stock of light and mineral fractions, humification rate, and carbon management index. The results obtained suggest that the environments with the highest conservation of the physical properties of the soil are those that contain the highest levels of stable C. The main mechanism for C protection in the systems evaluated was mainly associated with physical protection, promoted by soil aggregates, capable of keeping C protected, and mitigation of C into the atmosphere. The values of the carbon management index in the agriculture areas were >100, indicating that these production systems could approach the soil quality of the native vegetation reference system.",
-        "output": "Stock of Carbon and Soil Organic Fractions in No-Tillage and Crop-Livestock Integration Systems",
+        "input": "Abstract: We expand the theory of politician quality in electoral democracies with citizen candidates by supposing that performance while in office sends a signal to the voters about the politician's valence. Individuals live two periods and decide to become candidates when young, trading off against type-specific private wages. The valence signal increases the reelection chances of high valence incumbents (screening mechanism of reelection), and thus their expected gain from running for office (self-selection mechanism). Since self-selection improves the average quality of challengers, voters become more demanding when evaluating the incumbent's performance. This complementarity between the self-selection and the screening mechanisms may lead to multiple equilibria. We show that more difficult and/or less variable political jobs increase the politicians' quality. Conversely, societies with more wage inequality have lower quality polities. We also show that incumbency advantage blurs the screening mechanism by giving incumbents an upper-hand in electoral competition and may wipe out the positive effect of the screening mechanism on the quality of the polity.",
+        "output": "The determinants of political selection: a citizen-candidate model with valence signaling and incumbency advantage",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus reconstruction (BPR) is a rapidly advancing field within hand surgery. BPR procedures are complex, time-intensive, and require microsurgical expertise. As physician reimbursement rates for BPR are poorly defined, relative to more common hand procedures, we sought to analyze compensation for BPR across different payor groups and understand the factors contributing to their reimbursement.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of surgeries by a single senior staff member in a 4-year period to evaluate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes from BPR cases. For comparison, all finger fracture fixations and skin graft reconstructions performed by the same surgeon over the same time period were analyzed as well.RESULTS: A total of 57 BPR cases, 94 finger fracture fixation cases, and 69 skin grafting cases met inclusion criteria. Among the top 5 insurance providers, average work relative value unit (wRVU)/hour was 6.55, 3.49, and 12.67 for BPR, fracture fixation, and skin grafts, respectively. Reimbursements were an average $685.76/hour for BPR, compared to $590.10/hour for fracture fixation and $1,197.94/hour for skin grafts.CONCLUSIONS: BPR demonstrates a relative undervaluation, in terms of reimbursement per hour, given the time and surgical skill required for such cases, particularly compared to shorter, less complex cases such as skin grafting and fracture fixation. We find that this discrepancy is amplified across multiple levels of coding, billing, and reimbursement. We suggest specific strategies for physician leadership to more directly participate in the financial decisions that affect themselves, their patients, and their specialty.",
-        "output": "Surgical Complexity and Physician Compensation: An Analysis of Relative Under-Valuation for Pediatric Brachial Plexus Surgery.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, often misunderstood as a reflection of the nationalist hyper-patriotism of the Reagan Era, were in fact a crucial moment in building a neoliberal, global Los Angeles. Tracing the development of LA'84's Olympic look 'festive federalism', this article considers the ways in which organizers in fact made strenuous efforts not to associate the Games with the nation state. It argues that festive federalism - the name given to the colour scheme and iconography of LA'84 design - was more than just an Olympic look. Rather, it was a neoliberal aesthetic, a philosophy for confronting economic challenges posed by local racial contexts. Festive federalism celebrated diversity and colourblindness simultaneously and extolled the neoliberal virtues of individualism, competition, and self-reliance. In doing so, it nullified the risk posed to the Games' profitability by race-based demands in communities of colour nearby to Olympic venues. In place of race, festive federalism called for a new type of individualistic, post-racial citizen-consumer. Analyzing the application of festive federalism to the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival, this article demonstrates how culture redefined race, national identity, and history for a new, neoliberal age.",
+        "output": "Festive Federalism: Race, Nation, and Neoliberal Aesthetics at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
-        "output": "Casting, joining and recycling. Use of lead and plumbers practices in Notre-Dame building yard (12th-19th c.) through historical, archaeological and chemical investigations",
+        "input": "Abstract: Representations of the slim body have traditionally been at the centre of scholarly interest in dieting culture, whereas food often remains a shadowy presence compared with more persistent themes of body discipline, slenderness and anti-fat messages. This article offers a different perspective on weight-loss dieting, placing food at the very centre of the analysis. By examining different diets in British and Scandinavian ladies' magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s, I argue that the gendering of different foods was central to the changes that weight-loss diets went through at the turn of the twentieth century, when the meat-heavy diets associated with male dieting were gradually transformed. That this process was initiated within the feminine beauty culture promoted by ladies' magazines is reinforced by the fact that weight-loss diets changed well before mainstream nutritional advice did. The empirical analysis shows that this process of feminisation tied weight-loss diets to existing, vegetarian beauty routines for a good complexion, suggesting that modern dieting culture is not only about slimming, but can be seen as a variation of a theme within beauty culture that centres around the imagined impact of different foods on the gendered body.",
+        "output": "Where's the beef? The feminisation of weight-loss dieting in Britain and Scandinavia c.1890-1925",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Against the rise of mobility platforms, this paper explores the practices and politics of mobility arising from the everyday infrastructural functioning of Baemin, the largest food delivery platform in South Korea. While the literature on food delivery platforms centres on changing labour relations, platform workers do not merely represent a new type of labour; they likewise form a critical conduit in the urban logistics system. Platform-mediated food delivery can be therefore conceptualised as a moving assemblage of heterogeneous entities that constitutes an urban infrastructure. Having emerged as an urban mobility regime, food delivery platforms increasingly enact a form of governance, enabling a particular mode of circulation and movements. Engaging with the mobility framework, combined with critical infrastructure scholarship, this paper seeks to uncover the politics of im/mobility involved in the creation of a ceaselessly flowing city envisaged by Baemin. It identifies three forms of mobilities-connected, programmed, and immobilised-produced through contingent interactions between moving bodies, technologies, and the environment, which could amount to tethering effects. Integrating empirical materials from multimethod mobile ethnography in Seoul, it presents on-the-ground accounts of practices, interactions, and sensations gathered around the Baemin-mediated food delivery.",
-        "output": "Connected, programmed, and immobilised: mobile ethnography of platform-mediated food delivery in Seoul",
+        "input": "Abstract: PurposeThis study aims to analyze the factors that drive or prevent interorganizational data sharing in the context of digital transformation (DT). Data sharing appears as a precondition for companies to capture emerging opportunities in supply chain management and for product-related servitization; however, there are ongoing concerns, and data are often perceived as the new oil. It is thus important to gain a better understanding of the determinants of firms' decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop an embedded case study analysis involving 16 firms within an extended supply network in the automotive industry. The authors focus on the peculiarities of the new context, as opposed to elements highlighted by research prior to the advent of the latest technologies. Abductive reasoning is applied to the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view, resource dependence theory and the complex adaptive systems perspective.FindingsData sharing is largely underpinned by factors identified prior to DT, such as data specificity, dependence dynamics and protection mechanisms and the dynamism of the business context. DT, however, can influence the extent of data sharing. New factors concern complementarities whenever data are pooled from different sources and digital platforms, as well as different forms of data ownership protection.Originality/valueThis study stresses that data sharing in the context of DT can be explained through established theoretical lenses, providing the integration of elements accounting for new technological opportunities.",
+        "output": "The data sharing conundrum: revisiting established theory in the age of digital transformation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical students hold significant importance, as they represent the future of healthcare provision. This study aimed to explore psychological antecedents towards the monkeypox (mpox) vaccines amongpostgraduate and undergraduatemedical students across countries.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students aged 18 years old and above in 7 countries; Egypt, Romania, Malaysia, and Yemen, Iraq, India, and Nigeria. We used social media platforms between September 27 and November 4, 2022. An anonymous online survey using the 5C scale was conducted using snowball and convenience Sampling methods to assess the 5 psychological antecedents of vaccination (i.e., confidence, constraints, complacency, and calculation, as well as collective responsibility).RESULTS: A total of 2780 participants were recruited. Participants' median age was 22 years and 52.1% of them were males. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination were as follows: 55% were confident about vaccination, 10% were complacent, 12% experienced constraints, and 41% calculated the risk and benefit. Lastly, 32% were willing to be vaccinated for the prevention of infection transmission to others. The Country was a significant predictor of confidence, complacency, having constraints, and calculation domains (P < 0.001). Having any idea about the mpox vaccine was linked to 1.6 times higher odds of being more confident [OR = 1.58 (95% CI, 1.26-1.98), P < 0.001] Additionally, living in a rural area significantly increased complacency [OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.05-1.95), P = 0.024] as well as having anyone die from mpox [OR = 3.3 (95% CI, 1.64-6.68), P < 0.001]. Education level was associated with increased calculation [OR = 2.74 (95% CI, 1.62-4.64), P < 0.001]. Moreover, being single and having no chronic diseases significantly increased the calculation domain [OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.98), P = 0.02] and [OR = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.10-2.16), P = 0.012] respectively. Predictors of collective responsibility were age 31-45 years [OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.29-6.48), P = 0.01], being single [OR = 2.76 (95% CI, 1.94 -3.92), P < 0.001], being a graduate [OR = 1.59 (95% CI (1.32-1.92), P < 0.001], having no chronic disease [OR = 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56-2.93), P < 0.001], and not knowing anyone who died from mpox [OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.39-4.64), P < 0.001), as well as living in a middle-income country [OR = 0.623, (95% CI, 0.51-0.73), P < 0.001].CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of psychological antecedents of vaccination, emphasizing the impact of socio-demographic factors, geographic location, and awareness, as well as previous experiences on individual attitudes and collective responsibility towards vaccination.",
-        "output": "Cross-Country Discrepancies in Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students.",
+        "input": "Abstract: This paper explores the different epistemologies that define the Professional Doctorate, paying close attention to how Postgraduate Researchers (PGRs) doing a Professional Doctorate reconcile academic and professional knowledge. Through a narrative exploration of the literature published since the first UK Professional Doctorates were awarded in 2000, the paper situates the Professional Doctorate within the confluence of the workplace, the profession and the university. From this stance, the paper explores distinct knowledge terrains between knowledge generated by Professional Doctorates in the context of application and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws applied to sites of practice. The purpose of this discussion is to understand if, how and to what extent Professional Doctorates reconcile competing knowledge terrains. This study draws towards two broad conclusions. The first conclusion suggests that in the literature identified, the distinction between academic and professional epistemologies has little resonance. Instead of the dichotomous knowledge generated in the context of practice in contrast to knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws, Professional Doctorates were ensconced within several competing epistemologies. The literature identified focuses on impact and identity, concepts the study employs as lenses to guide a discussion. The paper thus views the process of reconciliation first through the lens of impact and then through the lens of identity. The investigation then draws a second conclusion: The epistemic landscape occupied by the Professional Doctorate is involved in a reconciliation of more significance that the putative academic and professional binary. The paper is compelled towards a diffractive re-reading of this academic-professional knowledge tension. This new reading allows a full recognition of both difference and mutual entanglement between knowledge generated in the context of practice and knowledge generated in the context of disciplinary laws.",
+        "output": "Professional doctorates reconciling academic and professional knowledge: towards a diffractive re-reading",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Animal remains are a common find in prehistoric and protohistoric funerary contexts. While taphonomic and osteological data provide insights about the proximate (depositional) factors responsible for these findings, the ultimate cultural causes leading to this observed mortuary behavior are obscured by the opacity of the archaeological record and the lack of written sources. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary suite of analytical approaches (zooarchaeological, anthropological, archaeological, paleogenetic, and isotopic) to explore the funerary deposition of animal remains and the nature of joint human-animal burials at Seminario Vescovile (Verona, Northern Italy 3(rd)-1(st) c. BCE). This context, culturally attributed to the Cenomane culture, features 161 inhumations, of which only 16 included animal remains in the form of full skeletons, isolated skeletal parts, or food offerings. Of these, four are of particular interest as they contain either horses (Equus caballus) or dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)-animals that did not play a dietary role. Analyses show no demographic, dietary, funerary similarities, or genetic relatedness between individuals buried with animals. Isotopic data from two analyzed dogs suggest differing management strategies for these animals, possibly linked to economic and/or ritual factors. Overall, our results point to the unsuitability of simple, straightforward explanations for the observed funerary variability. At the same time, they connect the evidence from Seminario Vescovile with documented Transalpine cultural traditions possibly influenced by local and Roman customs.",
-        "output": "Until death do us part. A multidisciplinary study on human- Animal co- burials from the Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st c. BCE)",
+        "input": "Abstract: This paper uses new data to study school management and productivity in India. We report five main results. First, management quality in public schools is low, and similar to 2 standard deviations below high-income countries with comparable data. Second, private schools have higher management quality, driven by much stronger people management. Third, people management quality is correlated with independent measures of teaching practice, as well as school productivity measured by student value added. Fourth, better-managed schools have lower variation in within-school teacher effectiveness and higher levels of minimum teacher effectiveness. Fifth, consistent with better people management, teacher pay in private schools is positively correlated with teacher effectiveness, whereas we find no such correlation in public schools.",
+        "output": "Personnel Management and School Productivity: Evidence from India",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This study focuses on the traditional weaving technique, which has its origins in Anatolia. It is aimed to uncover the plain, twill, and satin weaving techniques within the context of computational design approaches. The objectives of this study are to analyse and decipher the weaving patterns through a computational model. The core idea of this study consists of five steps that represent a cycle of the weaving from traditional processes to digital and digital fabrication. Eight parameters are defined to integrate the weaving technique into the computational model. A computational weaving model was developed which transforms the two-dimensional pattern into a three-dimensional model. Describing weaving patterns using parameters is crucial in today's world for cultural transfer of traditional weaving. Thus, weaving techniques can be used for designing architectural elements, such as shells, panels, structural elements.",
-        "output": "Analysis of Anatolian Traditional Weaving Technique in the Context of Computational Design",
+        "input": "Abstract: The global supply chains sustainability and viability has been severely impacted due to the emergence of black swan events such as COVID-19. Previous studies have examined how to enhance supply chain sustainability from a single internal capability perspective or an external relationship perspective, few studies have examined the combined effects of internal and external factors to enhance supply chain sustainability. To fill this research gap, this study investigates the multivariate relationship from internal capabilities and external relationships mutually complementary perspective to improve supply chain sustainability. Grounded on dynamic capabilities theory and relational view, we put forward the supply chain dynamic capability construct under the internal perspective, and relationship construct with supply chain members under the external perspective. Based on the configuration theory, 270 data from enterprises were analyzed using fsQCA (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis), and the results shows that: first, there is no necessary condition for generating high supply chain sustainability, which means that individual factors do not lead to high supply chain sustainability; second, this study identified two paths to achieve high supply chain sustainability: capability-driven and relationship-driven, which reflects the multiple paths and complex mechanisms to achieve high supply chain sustainability; third, this study finds the important role of supply chain dynamic reconfiguring capability in forming high supply chain sustainability. These results can provide some theoretical guidance for enterprises to improve supply chain sustainability and achieve high quality economic development.",
+        "output": "Exploring the drivers of supply chain sustainability: An internal and external configuration perspective",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Structuralism in philosophy of mathematics has largely focused on arithmetic, algebra, and basic analysis. Some have doubted whether distinctively structural working methods have any impact in other fields such as differential equations. We show narrowly construed structuralism as offered by Benacerraf has no practical role in differential equations. But Dedekind's approach to the continuum already did not fit that narrow sense, and little of mathematics today does. We draw on one calculus textbook, one celebrated analysis textbook, and a monograph on the Navier-Stokes equation to show structural methods like Dedekind's have long been central to differential equations, and have philosophically respectable ontology and epistemology.",
-        "output": "Structuralism in differential equations",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article proposes a hierarchical collaborative reactive power and voltage control method aimed at meeting the internal voltage requirements of a coupled system composed of centralized new energy stations such as wind and solar power and traditional thermal power units, with particular attention paid to the reactive power regulation ability of power units in new energy stations. This method is implemented in two layers: At the transmission layer, the overall reactive power compensation capacity of thermal power units and stations on the transmission lines within the system is determined according to the engineering requirements of different node voltages in the coupled system, the regulation voltages of the high-voltage grid-connected points and the point of common coupling (PCC) of the stations are found, and the actual regulation voltages of the PCCs of the stations are given as commands. At the station layer, based on determining reactive power distribution between power units and continuous reactive power compensation devices within each station, voltage optimization is carried out using the voltage command issued by the transmission layer as a reference. At the same time, consistency coordination between the transmission layer and the station layer is achieved based on the Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) method at different layers. Finally, simulation analysis was conducted on a regional coupled system in Dalian. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper can effectively control the voltage safety requirements of each region and PCC in the coupled system and, to some extent, improve the economic efficiency of system operation.",
+        "output": "Collaborative Control of Reactive Power and Voltage in a Coupled System Considering the Available Reactive Power Margin",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: A novel workflow is proposed to combine the use of two powerful techniques in the study of ancient manuscripts: multispectral imaging and optical microprofilometry. Multispectral imaging is routinely used and allows to examine each individual folium as a superposition of layers that give different responses in the UV-Vis-NIR bands. It enables the analysis of the conservation state of an object, the mapping of previous restorations or the detection of writings no longer visible. The downside of this technique is the lack of quantitative data on surface morphology. On the other hand, surface microprofilometry on book heritage is unexplored. The optical scanning microprofilometer used in this work employs single-point, interferometric depth-sensors that enable to measure the surface topography of the manuscript (deformation and roughness) in full-field (areas of tens of centimeters) at micrometer scale. The crucial task of spatial referencing the surface topography at micrometer scale to the visible features (e.g., written text) is performed with a novel procedure that solves the problem of the lack of reference points in the microprofilometer height data. We exploit the raw intensity signal collected by the laser depth sensor to fuse the interferometric measurements with the multispectral image stack. The full-field integration of quantitative microsurface measurements and in-band imaging responses enables a more comprehensive exploration of ancient manuscripts, by integrating materials-surface analysis, advancing the diagnostic protocol.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Integrated microprofilometry and multispectral imaging for full-field analysis of ancient manuscripts",
+        "input": "Abstract: In many countries around the world, individualised budgets are replacing 'block funding' as the primary way in which disability service provision is funded. These models assume that dynamics of competition improve services for people with disabilities. This article presents the findings of research on the accessibility and inclusiveness of mainstream services for people with intellectual disabilities in four Australian cities in the wake of the rollout of individual support budgets. We use the concept of 'repair' and the conceptual framework of 'landscapes of care and support' to analyse interviews with mainstream service managers. Our findings reveal that not-for-profit organisations perform crucial tasks in persuading for-profit service providers to collaborate with them to improve their accessibility and inclusion. When these services collaborate to repair service access, not-for-profit organisations often take on associated responsibility, costs and risk to encourage reparative adjustments in for-profit services. Not-for-profit organisations are also more likely to be tasked with the relational and interpersonal work that is crucial for successful service repair. Our findings challenge assumptions that free-market competition is the main driver of more accessible and inclusive service delivery and suggest how policy can support more equitable collaborative repair work.Dans de nombreux pays autour du monde, le financement individualis & eacute; est en train de devenir le syst & egrave;me principal pour les services destin & eacute;s aux personnes en situation de handicap, repla & ccedil;ant ainsi le financement global. Ce mod & egrave;le repose sur l'assomption que les dynamiques de la comp & eacute;tition vont am & eacute;liorer le soutien aux personnes handicap & eacute;es. Cet article pr & eacute;sente les r & eacute;sultats d'une & eacute;tude sur l'accessibilit & eacute; et l'inclusion des services de base pour les personnes en situation de handicap mental dans quatre grandes villes australiennes pendant le d & eacute;ploiement du financement individualis & eacute;. Nous nous servons du concept de << r & eacute;paration >> et de la structure conceptuelle de << panoramas de soins et de soutien >> pour analyser les entretiens avec les responsables des services g & eacute;n & eacute;raux. Nos observations r & eacute;v & egrave;lent que les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif accomplissent une t & acirc;che essentielle en persuadant celles & agrave; but lucratif de collaborer pour am & eacute;liorer leur accessibilit & eacute; et leur inclusion. Quand ces services travaillent ensemble pour r & eacute;parer l'acc & egrave;s aux prestations, les organizations & agrave; but non lucratif prennent souvent en charge les responsabilit & eacute;s, les frais et les risques r & eacute;sultants afin d'encourager les ajustements rectificatifs chez les prestations & agrave; but lucratif. Elles sont aussi plus susceptibles de se retrouver charg & eacute;es du travail relationnel et interpersonnel qui est essentiel pour le succ & egrave;s de la r & eacute;paration. Nos observations remettent en question l'id & eacute;e re & ccedil;ue que la libre concurrence est le principal facteur pour des prestations de services plus accessibles et plus inclusifs. Elles sugg & egrave;rent aussi des moyens par lesquels les strat & eacute;gies peuvent soutenir des travaux de r & eacute;paration collaboratifs plus & eacute;quitables.Enmuchos pa & iacute;ses del mundo, los presupuestos individualizados est & aacute;nreemplazando la financiaci & oacute;n en bloque como la forma principalen que se prestan los servicios para la discapacidad. Estos modelossuponen que la din & aacute;mica de la competencia mejora los servicios paralas personas con discapacidad. Este art & iacute;culo presenta los resultadosde una investigaci & oacute;n sobre la accesibilidad y la inclusi & oacute;n de losservicios generales para personas con discapacidad intelectual encuatro ciudades australianas tras la implementaci & oacute;n de presupuestosde apoyo individuales. Utilizamos el concepto de reparaci & oacute;n yel marco conceptual de paisajes de atenci & oacute;n y apoyo paraanalizar entrevistas con administradores de servicios convencionales.Nuestros hallazgos revelan que las organizaciones sin fines de lucrorealizan tareas cruciales para persuadir a los proveedores deservicios con fines de lucro a colaborar con ellos para mejorar suaccesibilidad e inclusi & oacute;n. Cuando estos servicios colaboran parareparar el acceso a los servicios, las organizaciones sin fines delucro a menudo asumen responsabilidades, costos y riesgos asociadospara fomentar ajustes reparativos en los servicios con fines delucro. Tambi & eacute;n es m & aacute;s probable que las organizaciones sin fines delucro tengan la tarea de realizar el trabajo relacional einterpersonal que es crucial para una reparaci & oacute;n exitosa delservicio. Nuestros hallazgos cuestionan los supuestos de que lacompetencia del libre mercado es el principal impulsor de unaprestaci & oacute;n de servicios m & aacute;s accesible e inclusiva y sugieren c & oacute;molas pol & iacute;ticas pueden respaldar un trabajo de reparaci & oacute;ncolaborativo m & aacute;s equitativo.",
+        "output": "Repairing disability access in competitive environments: drivers of inclusive service provision for people with intellectual disabilities",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: ObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.There is beauty in Cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media, creating a union between a community of professionals who share creative personality traits and a unique sense of humour.image",
-        "output": "#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared",
+        "input": "Abstract: The carbon neutrality agenda requires that carbon lock -in enters an endgame. A well -developed energy system, which is secure, equitable, and sustainable is paramount to getting rid of carbon lock -in and realizing decarbonization. We carry out systematic research to empirically study the possible carbon lock -in reduction effect of energy trilemma based on the instrumental variable -generalized method of moment (IV-GMM) model. We also detect heterogeneous effects in terms of geographical locations and endowments of capital, as well as the impact mechanisms. Moreover, this paper highlights the mediating and threshold role of environmental regulation. We thus get the following conclusions. (1) The paper's primary findings underscore that the continuous increase of energy trilemma exacerbates carbon lock -in and hampers the process of decarbonization; (2) Energy trilemma has a higher stimulating effect on carbon lock -in in provinces that lie in the central region and that have a comparatively low level of physical, social, and human capital; (3) Energy trilemma can also indirectly aggravate carbon lock -in by inhibiting technology innovation and exacerbating carbon emissions intensity; (4) The interaction of environmental regulation and energy trilemma can alleviate the energy trilemma - carbon lock -in nexus, and environmental regulation also shows a significant threshold effect.",
+        "output": "Carbon lock-in endgame: Can energy trilemma eradication contribute to decarbonization?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article tunes in to the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) heart-warming radio program, The Listening Project (TLP), aired from 2012 until 2022. Comparing TLP to its source model from the US, StoryCorps, to previous British public access broadcasting initiatives (such as Open Door and Video Nation), as well as to social media, I highlight the interests at stake in the BBC's presentation of listening in the service of imagined national community, an idea echoed by the British Library's Oral History department where the TLP interviews are archived. I posit that TLP's homely chats between family, friends, or caring strangers-about everything from bath times to Brexit-reflect a feminist and forgiving public, nurtured by the BBC civic ideals. This can be enjoyed and valued as a counterweight to social media riven with postdemocratic, divisive nationalism. After introducing the scope and scale of the project, I explore criticisms of TLP as cozy confessions for comfortable BBC audiences. I go on to weigh them against the BBC's in-house oral history, which reveals the broadcaster's people and policies, including its struggles to be as well as shape a national community that is multicultural, diverse, and inclusive. I argue that the BBC's decision through a partnership with the University of Sussex to open the archive as a public catalog and online guided exhibit in Voices of the BBC is a listening project in its own way. These very different forms of interviews confirm, however, the serious civic ambitions behind TLP. The conversations testify to everyday resilience in the face of a troubled and unequal modern Britain, but the project's closure reflects how difficult it is for the BBC to fulfill its mission, values, and public purposes in fractured times.",
-        "output": "Listening Projects: The BBC, Oral History, and the Nation in Fractured Times",
+        "input": "Abstract: In recent years, some kiln sites from Shang and Zhou dynasties have been excavated in Fujian province in southeastern China, and substantial high-quality ceramic shards were unearthed. The research conducted by archaeologists indicates that these shards are likely the earliest high-fired ceramic products in this area, characterised by unique appearance features and are therefore valuable for exploring the development and manufacture of early high-fired ceramics in Fujian. In this study, we gathered some proto-celadon and stamped stoneware shards from three kiln sites dating back to the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. We analysed the chemical composition of the ceramic body and glaze, firing temperature, and mineral phase to investigate the selection of raw materials, firing, and glazing technology of these early ceramic products. The results indicate that the bodies of these high-fired ceramic shards were made of locally weathered porcelain stone, and the glazes are lime glaze. During the Western Zhou dynasty, the potter utilised different raw materials for proto-celadon and stamped stoneware, which was not the case during the Shang Dynasty. The firing temperatures of the majority of shards exceeded 1,000 degrees C, and the bodies had been completed phase transformation.",
+        "output": "Study of the manufacture of high-fired ceramics from Fujian (China) during the Shang and Zhou dynasties",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Predicting the chances of various types of cancers for different organs in the human body is a typical decisionmaking process in medicine and health. The signaling pathways have played a vital role in increasing or decreasing the possibility of the deadliest disease, cancer. To combine the pathways concept and ambiguity in the prediction techniques of such diseases, we have used the proposed research on fuzzy graphoidal covers of fuzzy graphs in this paper. Determining a path with uncertainty and shortest length is a challenging topic of graph theory, and a collection of such shortest paths maintaining specific conditions is defined as a fuzzy graphoidal cover for a fuzzy graph. Also, we have defined fuzzy graphoidal covering number as a new parameter, reflecting the measure of coverage by fuzzy graphoidal covering set in a system. Afterwards, some important characterizations of the fuzzy graphoidal covering number are established with justified proof. Also, specific limit values of this number are provided for particular cases. Then, we developed an efficient algorithm for finding the defined covering set with its space and time complexity. The findings of this proposed study have been composed with an artificial neural network to model a strong tool for resolving an essential issue of medical sciences, the prediction of cancer type in the human body. We have analyzed two types of neural networks such as one one-dimensional and two-dimensional specification, for clarity of the obtained results. Also, we have found out the most possible cancer type is breast cancer from the data of our considered case study as a concluding statement for any decision-maker in the field of health sciences. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative study have been done to show the stability of our proposed work.",
-        "output": "Prediction on nature of cancer by fuzzy graphoidal covering number using artificial neural network",
+        "input": "Abstract: This letter proposes a prior information-assisted (PIA) point cloud segmentation network that can be effectively applied to point cloud segmentation applications in human-robot interaction scenario. The joint angles of the robots are used as prior information, which is fed into the network as an additional input in the form of a vector along with the actual point cloud of the target scene. The PIA network incorporates a point cloud generation network and a simulation-assisted segmentation network. Based on the joint angles of the robots, the generation network generates a point cloud for a simulated scene without people or obstacles. Several new loss functions are proposed to train the point cloud generation network. The simulation-assisted segmentation network extracts and compares the features of the actual point cloud with those of the simulated point cloud and segments the actual point cloud. Experiments conducted on a homemade point cloud dataset involving an industrial scene demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve significantly improved segmentation performance and network robustness.",
+        "output": "Prior Information-Assisted Neural Network for Point Cloud Segmentation in Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Background Historically in Australia, all levels of government created collective wealth by owning and operating infrastructure, and managing natural assets, key public goods and essential services while being answerable to the public. This strong state tradition was challenged in the 1980s when privatisation became a widespread government approach globally. Privatisation involves displacing the public sector through modes of financing, ownership, management and product or service delivery. The Australian literature shows that negative effects from privatisation are not spread equitably, and the health and equity impacts appear to be under-researched. This narrative overview aims to address a gap in the literature by answering research questions on what evidence exists for positive and negative outcomes of privatisation; how well societal impacts are evaluated, and the implications for health and equity.Methods Database and grey literature were searched by keywords, with inclusion criteria of items limited to Australia, published between 1990 and 2022, relating to any industry or government sector, including an evaluative aspect, or identifying positive or negative aspects from privatisation, contracting out, or outsourcing. Thematic analysis was aided by NVivo qualitative data software and guided by an a-priori coding frame.Results No items explicitly reflected on the relationship between privatisation and health. Main themes identified were the public cost of privatisation, loss of government control and expertise, lack of accountability and transparency, constraints to accessing social determinants of health, and benefits accruing to the private sector.Discussion Our results supported the view that privatisation is more than asset-stripping the public sector. It is a comprehensive strategy for restructuring public services in the interests of capital, with privatisation therefore both a political and commercial determinant of health. There is growing discussion on the need for re-nationalisation of certain public assets, including by the Victorian government.Conclusion Privatisation of public services is likely to have had an adverse impact on population health and contributed to the increase in inequities. This review suggests that there is little evidence for the benefits of privatisation, with a need for greater attention to political and commercial determinants of health in policy formation and in research.",
-        "output": "Privatisation of government services in Australia: what is known about health and equity impacts",
+        "input": "Abstract: Using prisoner height data, Moreno-Lazaro (2023) claims that Puerto Rican living standards declined after US annexation and stagnated for decades. This conclusion is not supported by the prisoner data and is inconsistent with other welfare measures that show dramatic improvement, such as per capita GDP, life expectancy, and literacy.",
+        "output": "A comment on Height and the standard of living in Puerto Rico from the Spanish Enlightenment to annexation by the United States, 1770-1924.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Long-term monitoring and recognition of underwater organism objects are of great significance in marine ecology, fisheries science and many other disciplines. Traditional techniques in this field, including manual fishing-based ones and sonar-based ones, are usually flawed. Specifically, the method based on manual fishing is time-consuming and unsuitable for scientific researches, while the sonar-based one, has the defects of low acoustic image accuracy and large echo errors. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning and its excellent performance in computer vision tasks make vision-based solutions feasible. However, the researches in this area are still relatively insufficient in mainly two aspects. First, to our knowledge, there is still a lack of large-scale datasets of underwater organism images with accurate annotations. Second, in consideration of the limitation on hardware resources of underwater devices, an underwater organism detection algorithm that is both accurate and lightweight enough to be able to infer in real time is still lacking. As an attempt to fill in the aforementioned research gaps to some extent, we established the Multiple Kinds of Underwater Organisms (MKUO) dataset with accurate bounding box annotations of taxonomic information, which consists of 10,043 annotated images, covering eighty-four underwater organism categories. Based on our benchmark dataset, we evaluated a series of existing object detection algorithms to obtain their accuracy and complexity indicators as the baseline for future reference. In addition, we also propose a novel lightweight module, namely Sparse Ghost Module, designed especially for object detection networks. By substituting the standard convolution with our proposed one, the network complexity can be significantly reduced and the inference speed can be greatly improved without obvious detection accuracy loss. To make our results reproducible, the dataset and the source code are available online at https://cslinzhang.github.io/MKUO-and-Sparse-Ghost-Module/.",
-        "output": "An Underwater Organism Image Dataset and a Lightweight Module Designed for Object Detection Networks",
+        "input": "Abstract: Does landholding inequality undermine democratization? Recent contributions have challenged the argument that landholding elites oppose suffrage extension if geographically fixed assets are unequally distributed. We advance research on this long-standing question by exploiting exogenous variance to reinvestigate the relationship. Using multiple instruments, we find that landholding inequality decreases support for suffrage extension. By focusing on traditional patterns of social control, we explore an empirically neglected mechanism linking landholding inequality and democratization. Taking advantage of four direct democratic votes between 1866 and 1877 in Switzerland, we demonstrate that landholding inequality also influences the political preferences of ordinary citizens who do not control these resources. This paper shows that high levels of landholding inequality provide local elites with the incentive and the means to align the local population's voting behaviour with their political goals. Supplementary analyses using qualitative and quantitative data further substantiate this social control mechanism.",
+        "output": "Landholding Inequality, Social Control, and Mass Opposition to Suffrage Extension",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Work on the electoral effects of gun violence in the U.S. relying on difference-in-differences designs has produced findings ranging from null to substantively large effects. However, as difference-in-difference designs, on which this research relies, have exploded in popularity, scholars have documented several methodological issues including potential violations of parallel-trends and unaccounted for treatment effect heterogeneity. These pitfalls (and their solutions) have not been fully explored in political science. We apply these advancements to the unresolved debate on gun violence's effects on U.S. electoral outcomes. We show that studies finding a large positive effect of gun violence on Democratic vote shares are a product of a failure to properly specify difference-in-differences models when underlying assumptions are unlikely to hold. Once these biases are corrected, shootings show little evidence of sparking large electoral change. Our work clarifies an unresolved debate and provides a cautionary guide for scholars currently employing difference-in-differences designs.",
-        "output": "Navigating Potential Pitfalls in Difference-in-Differences Designs: Reconciling Conflicting Findings on Mass Shootings' Effect on Electoral Outcomes",
+        "input": "Abstract: Recent studies on brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) implemented in robotic systems have shown that the system's effectiveness in assisting individuals with movement disorders to enhance their human-computer interaction skills. However, achieving precise and rapid online completion of tasks remains a challenge for manipulators with multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs). In this paper, we explore a time-sharing control strategy for studying motion control of a robotic arm based on steady-state visual evoked potentials. The signals are generated by the joint frequency-phase modulation method, analyzed with the filter-bank canonical correlation analysis algorithm, and identified to control the six-DOF robotic arm for task execution. The shared control strategy not only reduces user's cognitive fatigue but also enhances system in practical environments. The use of high-frequency stimuli significantly improves user comfort, and hybrid coding increases the universality of the BCI system. Additionally, by setting multiple locations and actions randomly, the robotic arm can adaptively program the optimal path. The online results showed that BCI instructions of the proposed system could be accurately chosen from six options within 6.45 s. Subjects used an average of 12 commands for the robotic arm to achieve the proposed task with an average accuracy of 98.21%. These findings validate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying the system to robotic control. The control strategy proposed in this study exhibits versatility in controlling robots to perform various complex tasks across different domains.",
+        "output": "Control of the robotic arm system with an SSVEP-based BCI",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: About one in four children in China is a migrant child. This population has a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. However, existing studies present conflicting findings regarding the levels of loneliness among migrant children as compared to local urban children in urban China. This review performs a meta-analysis of studies comparing loneliness levels between these two groups.RECENT FINDINGS: A literature search of major Chinese- and English-language databases revealed 27 eligible comparative studies. These studies reported the means and standardized deviations of loneliness scores for both migrant and nonmigrant children in urban China. Meta-analysis results showed that migrant children experienced significantly higher levels of loneliness than their urban nonmigrant counterparts [standardized mean difference (SMD)\u200a=\u200a0.21, P \u200a<\u200a0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that studies enrolling migrant children from migrant children's schools had significantly higher pooled SMDs than those enrolling children from public schools (0.346 vs. 0.120, P \u200a=\u200a0.047).SUMMARY: Migrant children in urban China experience higher levels of loneliness compared to their local urban peers. Efforts to create a socially inclusive, migrant-friendly environment and reduce social isolation among migrant children are crucial to help alleviate their feelings of loneliness.",
-        "output": "Elevated levels of loneliness in migrant children compared to nonmigrant children in urban China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The east limb of the Ross Gyre approaches the western Amundsen Sea, thereby exerting an influence on the surface circulation dynamics. This study investigates the impact of the zonal movement of the eastern boundary of the Ross Gyre on the surrounding surface geostrophic circulation in January. Specifically, a zonal shift of the eastern boundary of the Ross Gyre induces a substantial shelf-basin circulation within the Amundsen Sea. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the influence of the Ross Gyre on the exchange processes between the Amundsen Sea shelf and basin.",
+        "output": "Impact of Ross Gyre on surface circulation in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this work, the optical properties of atacamite, antlerite and azurite are characterized for the first time by exploiting a high-resolution coherent THz-CW spectrometer in the spectral range 0.1-2.8 THz adopting transmission configuration; the spectral response of atacamite and antlerite is reported for the first time in literature in this frequency range. The absorption spectra of the two copper-based pigments showed the presence of distinct absorption peaks defining their fingerprints. In particular, atacamite presents a peak centered at 2.45 THz and antlerite presents two spectral fingerprints centered at 1.77 and 2.52 THz; the retrieved average refractive index is 1.19 and 1.29, respectively. The absorption spectrum of azurite is in good agreement with previous works in the far infrared region and presents two sharp peaks centered at 1.83 and 2.23 THz with an average value of the refractive index of 1.65. Furthermore, by means of the same technique, it is possible to discriminate and quantify pure components in binary mixtures. This result is of great interest for the identification of pigments and metallic corrosion products, and it demonstrates that THz-CW spectroscopy can open the way to an innovative approach for the Cultural Heritage field. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).",
-        "output": "Pigments, minerals, and copper-corrosion products: Terahertz continuous wave (THz-CW) spectroscopic characterization of antlerite and atacamite",
+        "input": "Abstract: Fast person re-identification (ReID) aims to search person images quickly and accurately. The main idea of recent fast ReID methods is the hashing algorithm, which learns compact binary codes and performs fast Hamming distance and counting sort. However, a very long code is needed for high accuracy (e.g., 2048), which compromises search speed. In this work, we introduce a new solution for fast ReID by formulating a novel Coarse-to-Fine (CtF) hashing code search strategy, which complementarily uses short and long codes, achieving both faster speed and better accuracy. It uses shorter codes to coarsely rank broad matching similarities and longer codes to refine only a few top candidates for more accurate instance ReID. Specifically, we design an All-in-One (AiO) module together with a Distance Threshold Optimization (DTO) algorithm. In AiO, we simultaneously learn and enhance multiple codes of different lengths in a single model. It learns multiple codes in a pyramid structure, and encourage shorter codes to mimic longer codes by self-distillation. DTO solves a complex threshold search problem by a simple optimization process, and the balance between accuracy and speed is easily controlled by a single parameter. It formulates the optimization target as a F-beta score that can be optimised by Gaussian cumulative distribution functions. Besides, we find even short code (e.g., 32) still takes a long time under large-scale gallery due to the O(n) time complexity. To solve the problem, we propose a gallery-size-free latent-attributes-based One-Shot-Filter (OSF) strategy, that is always O(1) time complexity, to quickly filter major easy negative gallery images, Specifically, we design a Latent-Attribute-Learning (LAL) module supervised a Single-Direction-Metric (SDM) Loss. LAL is derived from principal component analysis (PCA) that keeps largest variance using shortest feature vector, meanwhile enabling batch and end-to-end learning. Every logit of a feature vector represents a meaningful attribute. SDM is carefully designed for fine-grained attribute supervision, outperforming common metrics such as Euclidean and Cosine metrics. Experimental results on 2 datasets show that CtF+OSF is not only 2% more accurate but also 5x faster than contemporary hashing ReID methods. Compared with non-hashing ReID methods, CtF is 50x faster with comparable accuracy. OSF further speeds CtF by 2x again and upto 10x in total with almost no accuracy drop.",
+        "output": "Faster Person Re-Identification: One-Shot-Filter and Coarse-to-Fine Search",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: There are many warnings about growing political cynicism in the news and political science literature. While some people may be truly cynical about politics, for others cynical responses to politics may be a form of impression management-the practice of presenting oneself to others in the way one wishes to be perceived. In three studies, I demonstrate that people report they are cynical in order to avoid giving the impression they do not know much about politics. Political cynicism is not a socially desirable characteristic-people do not believe cynicism is normatively good. At the same time, many see value to cynicism in politics, a finding which carries broad implications for the relationship between cynicism and perceived knowledge in political discourse.",
-        "output": "Impression Management and Expectations of Political Cynicism",
+        "input": "Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to global heritage and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change and related hazards. Recent studies have indicated that this challenge is especially acute in the African continent. Climate vulnerability assessment is increasingly a key tool in periodic reporting and ongoing site management and an essential first step in climate adaptation planning. This paper presents results from climate vulnerability assessments undertaken at two UNESCO World Heritage (WH) properties: The Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara in Tanzania; and the Sukur Cultural Landscape in Nigeria. These assessments each applied a version of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a values-based, science-driven and community-focused technique. A values mapping exercise identified key heritage and socioeconomic values, including key attributes associated with the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WH property. Downscaled climate projections were used to identify key hazards over selected emissions scenarios and timeframes, before weighing potential impacts against local adaptive capacities. Based on the timeframes and emissions scenarios, the project found OUV Vulnerability was Moderate at the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara and Low at the Sukur Cultural Landscape, whilst the Community Vulnerability was Low for both properties. The paper will conclude with some wider observations on the application of climate vulnerability assessments in an African context and a focus on lessons learned. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Values, climate change and community- Results and lessons learned from the application of the climate vulnerability index in Tanzania and Nigeria",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The pace of technological development is exceeding expectations and transforming the landscape of last-mile delivery. This study investigates how users' post-adoption behavior in using delivery robots is formed. Based on the task-technology fit (TTF) model, we present a research model that includes both direct and indirect factors that have been previously overlooked in the literature. We collected data from 550 users of delivery robots. Our structural equation modelling results show that two hedonic- (i.e., gratification and anthropomorphism) and three utilitarian- (i.e., service quality experience, delivery task requirements, and user-facing technology performance) driven factors predict perceived TTF in using delivery robots. Value-in-use and trust have sequential mediating effects that connect perceived TTF and service reuse likelihood and word-of-mouth recommendation. Our findings suggest ways to improve last-mile delivery robot strategies and provide practical implications for the industry.",
-        "output": "Out of the way, human! Understanding post-adoption of last-mile delivery robots",
+        "input": "Abstract: Argument maps represent some arguments more effectively than others. The goal of this article is to account for that variability, so that those who wish to use argument maps can do so with more foresight. I begin by identifying four properties of argument maps that make them useful tools for evaluating arguments. Then, I discuss four types of argument that are difficult to map well: reductio ad absurdum arguments, charges of equivocation, logical analogies, and mathematical arguments. The difficulties presented by these four types appear unrelated to one another, but I show that, in each case, the difficulty can be traced back to the use of metalinguistic reasoning. The need to represent a transition between object language and metalanguage can undermine one or more of the benefits that argument map representation would otherwise confer.",
+        "output": "Some Benefits and Limitations of Modern Argument Map Representation",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Visual querying of spatiotemporal data has become a dominant mode in the field of visual analytics. Previous studies have utilized well-designed data structures to speed up the querying of spatiotemporal data. However, reducing storage overhead while improving the querying efficiency of data distribution remains a significant challenge. We propose a flow-based neural representation method for efficient visual querying. First, we transform spatiotemporal data into density maps through kernel density estimation. Then, we leverage the data-driven modeling capabilities of a flow-based neural network to achieve a highly latent representation of the data. Various computations and queries can be performed on the latent representation to improve querying efficiency. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive results in visually querying spatiotemporal data in terms of storage overhead and real-time interaction efficiency.",
-        "output": "Interactive visual query of density maps on latent space via flow-based models",
+        "input": "Abstract: Wooden shipwrecks submerged in underwater environments are susceptible to physical and biological corrosion. This study investigates the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEMEDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), were employed to analyze the corrosion processes. The findings have unveiled a distinct pattern of black corrosion, prominently concentrated within the interface region where barnacles attach to the wooden shipwreck. This corrosion primarily consists of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3 S4 and exhibits a notable tendency to expand along the wooden surface to interior region. Additionally, a striking ultraviolet fluorescence phenomenon emanates from the barnacle cement within the adhesion region of barnacles and the wooden surface. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the origin of this black corrosion is intricately linked to the barnacle cement, its role in biological corrosion, and subsequent biomineralization processes. To conclude, this study provides an intricate account of the microbial corrosion process influenced by barnacle cement in the context of the wooden shipwreck. The research findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a point of reference in identifying the sources of disease and implementing protective measures for waterlogged wooden cultural relics. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Barnacle attachment and its corrosion effects on the surface of the Yangtze Estuary II Shipwreck",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Background: AI can positively influence teaching by offering support for classroom management, creating inclusive learning environments, enhancing digital skills, personalizing teaching methods, and strengthening teacher-student relationships.Objectives: This quantitative research study investigates the opportunities, difficulties, and consequences of incorporating AI into teacher education.Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 202 college students and 68 staff members. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.Results: The study provides a novel contribution by its thorough investigation of the diverse effects of AI on teacher education. It offers beneficial perspectives on the possible benefits and challenges, illuminating the far-reaching changes that AI could bring to the terrain of learning and instruction and teaching methods in the time yet to come. The research sought to assess the effect of AI adoption in teacher education across five main dimensions: (i) its influence on teaching support and classroom management, (ii) its role in creating inclusive and accessible learning environments, (iii) its contribution to improving teachers' digital literacy and computer skills, and enhancing access to digital teaching resources, (iv) its positive influence on identifying students' learning styles and facilitating the adoption of diverse teaching methods, and (v) its role in strengthening teacher-student relationships through improved interactions.Conclusion: The findings elucidate the promising opportunities that AI presents in the field of teacher education, along with the obstacles that require resolution for the effective fusion of AI educational settings.",
-        "output": "AI in teacher education: Unlocking new dimensions in teaching support, inclusive learning, and digital literacy",
+        "input": "Abstract: Science museums play an important role in science education, engaging the public with science concepts and building support for scientific research. Here, we describe Give Heart Cells a Beat, an interactive exhibit that lets museum visitors synchronize the beating of live stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to their own heart rate in real time. The beat rate of cells accurately matched the beat rate of visitors and responded dynamically to changes such as exercise. Visitor evaluation revealed that engagement with the specimen prompted curiosity in heart biology and stem cells. Give Heart Cells a Beat is the product of a close collaboration between a museum and an academic research laboratory, and to our knowledge, it is the first interactive exhibit to use live human heart cells. We hope this exhibit serves as an example for the implementation of stem cell technology in informal science education and inspires future relationships between academia and public science venues.",
+        "output": "Give heart cells a beat: An interactive museum exhibit that synchronizes stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to visitors' heartbeat.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The existing literature has extensively examined the impact of green innovations, such as patents, on pollution and carbon emissions. However, there has been comparatively less emphasis on the debt financing of green innovation by using patents as collateral. This oversight may have implications for the realization of pollution and carbon emissions reduction goals. Using a natural experiment based on the patent pledge pilot policy in China, this study investigates the impact of patent pledge on pollution and carbon emissions. We find that a significant reduction in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide attributable to the patent pledge pilot policy, particularly in cities with lower initial green patent rates, and these results still hold after an array of robustness checks. We show that the encouragement of green innovation and the stimulation of environmental entrepreneurship are the mechanisms underlying these emission reduction effects. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the impact of patent pledges on emission reduction is more pronounced in cities characterized by higher levels of government-reported environmental concern, public engagement in environmentally related searches, pollution information transparency indices, and green development evaluation indices.",
-        "output": "Does patent pledge reduce pollution and carbon emissions? Evidence from China",
+        "input": "Abstract: At the end of the First World War, defeated European empires ceded a wealth of imperial patronage, including palaces, government buildings and offices, to newly forming states in central Europe. While we know a great deal about these property transfers, the fate of ceded property in mandates and other newly emerging sovereign spaces, such as international zones, is less well known. This article traces the ways in which central European properties were reallocated and sold in international zones, with special reference to the International Zone of Tangier. While the remains of central European imperialism in Tangier were integrated into the international administration, this process encouraged erstwhile imperial powers to vie ever harder to reclaim 'their' former property, including private property portfolios. Meanwhile, it encouraged existing imperial powers to support private property purchases in order to secure advantages in the administration. In other words, internationalization entailed widespread competition for property that is omitted from the usual accounts of these spaces. Drawing attention to this phenomenon is important as it reveals the new forms imperial rivalries took on within the international structures created after the war.",
+        "output": "Property and the End of Empire in International Zones, 1919-1947",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Thousands of soldiers swept onto the campus of the University of El Salvador with tanks and planes, ransacking buildings and arresting more than eight hundred students, professors, and staff. It was July 19, 1972, and the university had fallen into the hands of the Communist Party of El Salvador and a minuscule group of opportunists of the most disgraceful immorality, said the recently inaugurated president Army Colonel Arturo Armando Molina.(1) Troops handcuffed the rector, Fabio Castillo, and the dean of the medical school and sent them into exile in Nicaragua.(2) Early in the invasion, the troops sealed off and occupied the university's printing press, where workers produced a magazine of arts and politics called La Pajara Pinta that essayist Italo Lopez Vallecillos and novelist Manlio Argueta had founded in 1966, and of which Argueta was still the editor.(3) The campus occupation lasted two years and proved a milestone in El Salvador's long march to civil war. The closing of La Pajara Pinta that day silenced the most important forum for Salvadoran dissident writers and marked, for many of them, the end of their literary careers and the start of their lives as fugitives and, eventually, guerrillas.",
-        "output": "Poetry is Subversion: Writers and Revolution at La P\u00e1jara Pinta, El Salvador, 1966-1975",
+        "input": "Abstract: In risk and safety assessments of aviation systems, engineers generally pay more attention to the risks of hardware or software failure and focus less on the risks caused by human errors. In this paper, a (FRAHE) method is proposed for identifying this critical error type and determining the risk severity of human errors. This method accounts for the human error probability as well as the impacts of human errors on the system. The fuzzy inference approach is employed in this paper to address the uncertainty and issues of imprecision that arise from insufficient information and scarce error data and a risk assessment model of human error is developed. The model can be used to precisely describe the relationship between the output risk severity and the input risk indicators, including the human error probability, the error impact probability, and the human error consequence. A case study of the approach task is presented to demonstrate the availability and reasonability of the model. The risk-based modeling method can not only provide valuable information for reducing the occurrence of critical errors but also be used to conduct prospective analyses to prevent unsafe incidents or aviation accidents.",
+        "output": "Flight safety assessment based on a modified human error risk quantification approach.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: A pumice-maghemite (P-maghemite) composite was developed using the chemical coprecipitation method with a 20% iron loading ratio by weight. The characterization of the composite using SEM and XRD indicated the effective loading and dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of the developed base materials. Thereafter, in situ sequestration experiments were conducted in the laboratory for an arsenic-polluted aquifer system using two well-integrated permeable reactive barrier (PRB) modules filled with the developed composite. A vertical fixed-bed column setup was used for the columnar PRB, whereas a sand tank experimental setup was employed for the well-screen-integrated PRB; both PRB systems were fed by a synthetic solution representing the arsenic-contaminated groundwater. More than 99% arsenic removal was observed in the columnar PRB, with an average effluent concentration of 4 mu g/L at the end of the experiment, which is well below the acceptable limit of drinking water for arsenic (<10 mu g/L). Removal of arsenic by the 4-cm-wide well-screen-integrated PRB from 652 mu g/L to less than 20 mu g/L shows a great potential of the developed composite for arsenic remediation at slower groundwater flow rates. A maximum arsenic removal of 99% was attained at the start of the experiment, which decreased to 97% after 1 month of PRB operation. The effluent concentration of all other major ions also was reduced considerably in the PRB modules. The hydraulic conductivity of the developed media was reduced by 35% in the columnar PRB and by approximately 20% in the well-screen-integrated PRB. The high arsenic removal efficiency in continuous flow-through remediation systems indicates the applicability of the developed PRB system in in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.",
-        "output": "In Situ Treatment of Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater via Extraction Well-Integrated Permeable Reactive Barriers",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) has been put forward as a potential mediator through which socioeconomic status (SES) affects health. This study explores whether HL mediates the relation between SES and a selection of health or health-related outcomes.METHODS: Data from the participants of the Belgian health interview survey 2018 aged 18 years or older were individually linked with data from the Belgian compulsory health insurance (n=8080). HL was assessed with the HLS-EU-Q6. Mediation analyses were performed with health behaviour (physical activity, diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption), health status (perceived health status, mental health status), use of medicine (purchase of antibiotics), and use of preventive care (preventive dental care, influenza vaccination, breast cancer screening) as dependent outcome variables, educational attainment and income as independent variables of interest, age and sex as potential confounders and HL as mediating variable.RESULTS: The study showed that unhealthy behaviours (except alcohol consumption), poorer health status, higher use of medicine and lower use of preventive care (except flu vaccination) were associated with low SES (i.e., low education and low income) and with insufficient HL. HL partially mediated the relationship between education and health behaviour, perceived health status and mental health status, accounting for 3.8-16.0% of the total effect. HL also constituted a pathway by which income influences health behaviour, perceived health status, mental health status and preventive dental care, with the mediation effects accounting for 2.1-10.8% of the total effect.CONCLUSIONS: Although the influence of HL in the pathway is limited, our findings suggest that strategies for improving various health-related outcomes among low SES groups should include initiatives to enhance HL in these population groups. Further research is needed to confirm our results and to better explore the mediating effects of HL.",
+        "output": "Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health related outcomes in the Belgian adult population?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Economic suffering prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, coming on the heels of earlier 2008 global-financial and 2015 migration crises, revived debate on citizen support for European fiscal integration policies. Such support can be expected to reflect not only individual-level characteristics but also the extent of crisis exposure in subnational regional contexts where individuals live and work. Unfortunately, existing studies of public support have said little about such regional contexts. This study hence explores how regional-level experience with 'polycrisis' affects support for EU fiscal capacities, combining regional-level crisis measures with a 2020 survey experiment on European citizens' preferences towards fiscal capacity instruments in 5 European countries (DE, ES, FR, IT, NL). This allows tests of whether individual support for various European fiscal capacities reflect regional differences in covid suffering, growth losses after the 2008 global financial crisis, and migration spikes from the 2015 migration crisis. We expect and find that citizens in regions more heavily impacted by the pandemic, financial crisis, and (albeit less so) migration crisis - measured separately and as a composite - tend to more readily support European fiscal integration capacity that is redistributive between countries, financed through progressive taxation, refrains from budgetary conditionality, and is lenient towards reform non-compliance.",
-        "output": "Regional crises and European fiscal preferences: how regional Covid-19, economic downturn, and migration shape support for EU risk sharing",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Project Building Bridges was funded by the U.S. Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs to address the shortage of speech-language pathologists qualified to serve students with complex communication needs who benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and are culturally and linguistically diverse. The purpose was to train future speech-language pathologists in culturally responsive AAC practices through coursework and fieldwork in AAC integrated into the Master of Science degree in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences.METHOD: Fifty-seven graduate students completed the project. The scholars' curriculum consisted of two AAC courses, both on-campus and externship AAC clinical practicum experiences to provide services to multicultural and linguistically diverse students, a U.S. or international service-learning opportunity, and cumulative portfolio presentations.RESULTS: Mixed-methods outcome measures consisted of four sets of pre- and postsurveys and qualitative feedback from exit interviews to assess changes in graduate student competencies. Significant differences were demonstrated between scholars' pre- and post-assessments of confidence ratings. Significant differences were also demonstrated in both scholars' and school mentors' pre- and post-assessments of competency ratings. No significant differences were found between evaluations of AAC preparation by Clinical Fellowship (CF) candidates and their CF mentors at 1 year postgraduation.CONCLUSIONS: Project Building Bridges provides a framework for preparing highly qualified speech-language pathologists to serve culturally and linguistically diverse students who benefit from AAC as evidenced by pre- and postsurvey results. The project can serve as a model for other university programs in the development of preservice preparation programs focusing on culturally and linguistically diverse students with AAC needs.",
+        "output": "Project Building Bridges: A Framework for Preparing Highly Qualified Speech-Language Pathologists to Serve Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students With Augmentative and Alternative Communication Needs.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Cross-domain generalizable depth estimation aims to estimate the depth of target domains (i.e., real-world) using models trained on the source domains (i.e., synthetic). Previous methods mainly use additional real-world domain datasets to extract depth specific information for cross-domain generalizable depth estimation. Unfortunately, due to the large domain gap, adequate depth specific information is hard to obtain and interference is difficult to remove, which limits the performance. To relieve these problems, we propose a domain generalizable feature extraction network with adaptive guidance fusion (AGDF-Net) to fully acquire essential features for depth estimation at multi-scale feature levels. Specifically, our AGDF-Net first separates the image into initial depth and weak-related depth components with reconstruction and contrary losses. Subsequently, an adaptive guidance fusion module is designed to sufficiently intensify the initial depth features for domain generalizable intensified depth features acquisition. Finally, taking intensified depth features as input, an arbitrary depth estimation network can be used for real-world depth estimation. Using only synthetic datasets, our AGDF-Net can be applied to various real-world datasets (i.e., KITTI, NYUDv2, NuScenes, DrivingStereo and CityScapes) with state-of-the-art performances. Furthermore, experiments with a small amount of real-world data in a semi-supervised setting also demonstrate the superiority of AGDF-Net over state-of-the-art approaches.",
-        "output": "AGDF-Net: Learning Domain Generalizable Depth Features With Adaptive Guidance Fusion",
+        "input": "Abstract: Recent allegations that Pope John Paul II turned a blind eye to clergy sexual abuse as archbishop and pope have ignited much controversy in Poland. In this study, we utilize data from an original representative survey of Polish adults to examine predictors of defensive political reactions to these allegations. We hypothesized that national and Catholic collective narcissism (an exaggerated belief in in-group greatness that requires consistent external validation) would predict defensive attitudes in the face of the allegation, and that nonnarcissistic in-group satisfaction with national and Polish identities would be less related to defensive attitudes. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we find support for these predictions among Polish Catholics.",
+        "output": "The Father's Love: Collective Narcissism and Defensive Reactions to Allegations about Pope John Paul II in Polish Public Opinion",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Microorganisms are crucial elements of terrestrial ecosystems, which play significant roles in improving soil physicochemical properties, providing plant growth nutrients, degrading toxic and harmful chemicals, and biogeochemical cycling. Variations in the types and quantities of root exudates among different plants greatly alter soil physicochemical properties and result in variations in the diversity, structure, and function of soil microorganisms. Not much is understood about the differences of soil fungi and archaea communities for different plant communities in coastal wetlands, and their response mechanisms to environmental changes. In this study, fungal and archaea communities in soils of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands were selected for research. Soil fungi and archaea were analyzed for diversity, community structure, and function using high throughput ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed significant differences in fungi and archaea's diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three plant communities. At the same time, there is no significant difference in the functional groups. SOM, TP, AP, MC, EC and SOM, TN, TP, AP, MC, EC are the primary environmental determinants affecting changes in soil fungal and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the diversity, community structure, and ecological functions of fungi and archaea can be used as indicators characterizing the impact of external disturbances on the soil environment, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective utilization of soil microbial resources, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and health promotion.",
-        "output": "Floristic changes and environmental drivers of soil fungi and archaea in different salt-tolerant plant communities in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands",
+        "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite potential links between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), routine hearing assessments for diabetic patients are not standard practice. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SNHL and its association with diabetes-related factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from May to September 2021. A total of 396 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated after informed consent. Data collection involved a sociodemographic profile, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument examination followed by pure-tone audiometry and laboratory tests including haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HL was defined using better ear four-frequency pure-tone average of \u226526dB HL and graded as per WHO criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. chi2, independent t-test and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. P<0.05 at 95% CI was considered significant.RESULTS: Our study revealed a high prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM. Mild HL was seen in 55.8%, while 18.7% suffered from moderate HL. Common audiological symptoms included difficulty understanding speech in noisy surroundings (44.2%), balance problems (42.9%), sentence repetition (35.9%), tinnitus (32.3%) and differentiating consonants (31.1%). Hearing impairment predominantly affected low (0.25-0.5kHz) and high (4-8kHz) frequencies with a significant difference at 4kHz among both sexes (t (394)=2.8, p=0.004). Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with SNHL on multinomial logistic regression after adjusting with age, sex, body mass index and the presence of any comorbidities. Diabetes duration, HbA1c or family history of diabetes was found unrelated to SNHL severity.CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the substantial prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM and emphasises the importance of targeted audiological care as part of a holistic approach to diabetes management. Addressing HL early may significantly improve communication and overall quality of life.",
+        "output": "Sensorineural hearing loss among type 2 diabetic patients and its association with peripheral neuropathy: a cross-sectional study from a lower middle-income country.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the reported cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Iran.METHODS: A comprehensive literature review of CJD cases in Iran was undertaken using the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. In addition, the Iranian database MagIran was searched for Persian language reports. Case selection used the following criteria: (i) patients of Iranian origin; (ii) publication in peer-reviewed journals or reputable medical databases; (iii) a definitive diagnosis of CJD based on established diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: Thirteen cases from twelve reports were included in this systematic review. The majority of the cases were female (11 of 13; 84.6%). The mean\u00b1SD age of patients at hospital admission was 59.38\u00b17.44 years. The findings of the case review suggested that the prevalence of CJD in Iran is not fully established. CJD may be misdiagnosed alongside other clinical signs. The most prevalent early indications of the disease were psychiatric and neurological in nature. A considerable delay in diagnosis was observed in some cases and there was a shortage of brain autopsy records.CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve diagnostic capabilities, promote awareness and establish monitoring systems are necessary for managing the challenges of providing an early diagnosis of CJD in Iran.",
-        "output": "Understanding Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Iran: a systematic review of case reports.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The condition assessment of Industrial Heritage machinery in operation is an open research subject of utmost importance for defining conservation and maintenance plans. The present work approaches this issue by proposing the study of Industrial Heritage machinery that includes the assessment of substrates, coatings, lubricants and operating mechanisms by applying analytical techniques currently used for heritage studies together with techniques employed in condition monitoring of modern machinery. An early 20th century steam engine from the Vale de Milhacos Gunpowder Factory (Portugal), in operation for demonstration purposes, was selected as a case study. The engine metallic alloys and coatings were studied by XRF and Raman spectroscopies, and the main properties of lubricants studied according to EN ISO and ASTM standard tests. Metallic particles present in the oil due to wear were assessed by XRF. The mechanisms were examined by gamma radiography, magnetoscopy, thermography and vibrational analysis. Data showed the use of distinct alloys according to the engine components' function similar to those reported for the same period. Green copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red identified as coatings' pigments are typical from the late 20th century and thus ascribed to a previous repair. The properties of the fresh and used lubricants are slightly different but without evidence of a significant alteration that could endanger the machine's functioning. However, the presence of metallic particles in the oil suggested the existence of wear phenomena. The engine's operating speed (51 rpm) and the vapour temperature ( approximate to 154 degrees C) attained inside the cylinder were indirectly determined. The presence of cracks on the engine structure was assessed, and possible faults that can imperil the engine functioning were analysed. The vibrational analysis of equipment in operation revealed a lack of lubrication and wear on the feed pump journal bearings. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "In full swing: Analytical strategies for the conservation assessment of operating Industrial Heritage machinery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.",
-        "output": "Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods",
+        "input": "Abstract: SaNuRN is a five-year project by the University of Rouen Normandy (URN) and the Cote dAzur University (CAU) consortium to optimize digital health education for medical and paramedical students, professionals, and administrators. The project includes a skills framework, training modules, and teaching resources. In 2027, SaNuRN is expected to train a significant portion of the 400,000 health and paramedical professions students at the French national level. Our purpose is to give a synopsis of the SaNuRN initiative, emphasizing its novel educational methods and how they will enhance the delivery of digital health education. Our goals include showcasing SaNuRN as a comprehensive program consisting of a proficiency framework, instructional modules, and educational materials and explaining how SaNuRN is implemented in the participating academic institutions. SaNuRN is a project aimed at educating and training health-related and paramedics students in digital health. The project results from a cooperative effort between URN and CAU, covering four French departments. The project is based on the French National Referential on Digital Health (FNRDH), which defines the skills and competencies to be acquired and validated by every student in the health, paramedical, and social professions curricula. The SaNuRN team is currently adapting the existing URN and CAU syllabi to FNRDH and developing short-duration video capsules of 20 to 30 minutes to teach all the relevant material. The project aims to ensure that the largest student population earns the necessary skills, and it has developed a two-tier system involving facilitators who will enable the efficient expansion of the projects educational outreach and support the students in learning the needed material efficiently. With a focus on real-world scenarios and innovative teaching activities integrating telemedicine devices and virtual professionals, SaNuRN is committed to enabling continuous learning for healthcare professionals in clinical practice. The SaNuRN team introduced new ways of evaluating healthcare professionals by shifting from a knowledge-based to a competencies-based evaluation, aligning with the Miller teaching pyramid and using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Script Concordance Test in digital health education. Drawing on the expertise of URN, CAU, and their public health and digital research laboratories and partners, the SaNuRN project represents a platform for continuous innovation, including telemedicine training and living labs with virtual and interactive professional activities. The SaNuRN project provides a comprehensive, personalized 30-hour training package for health and paramedical students, addressing all 70 FNRDH competencies. The program is enhanced using AI and NLP to create virtual patients and professionals for digital healthcare simulation. SaNuRN teaching materials are open-access. The project collaborates with academic institutions worldwide to develop educational material in digital health in English and multilingual formats. SaNuRN offers a practical and persuasive training approach to meet the current digital health education requirements.",
+        "output": "Digital Health Education for the Future: The SaNuRN (Sante Numerique Rouen-Nice) Consortium's Journey.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Objectives This study aimed to investigate the utility of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM) in validating expert consensus-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods According to the RAM user's manual, nine panelists comprising various experts who routinely handle ECGs were asked to reach a consensus in three phases: a preparatory phase (round 0), an online test phase (round 1), and a face-to-face expert panel meeting (round 2). In round 0, the objectives and future timeline of the study were elucidated to the nine expert panelists with a summary of relevant literature. In round 1, 100 ECG questions prepared by two skilled cardiologists were answered, and the success rate was calculated by dividing the number of correct answers by 9. Furthermore, the questions were stratified into Appropriate, Discussion, or Inappropriate according to the median score and interquartile range (IQR) of appropriateness rating by nine panelists. In round 2, the validity of the 100 ECG questions was discussed in an expert panel meeting according to the results of round 1 and finally reassessed as Appropriate, Candidate, Revision, and Defer.Results In round 1 results, the average success rate of the nine experts was 0.89. Using the median score and IQR, 54 questions were classified as  Discussion. In the expert panel meeting in round 2, 23% of the original 100 questions was ultimately deemed inappropriate, although they had been prepared by two skilled cardiologists. Most of the 46 questions categorized as Appropriate using the median score and IQR in round 1 were considered Appropriate even after round 2 (44/46, 95.7%).Conclusions The use of the median score and IQR allowed for a more objective determination of question validity. The RAM may help select appropriate questions, contributing to the preparation of higher-quality tests.",
-        "output": "Utility of RAND/UCLA appropriateness method in validating multiple-choice questions on ECG",
+        "input": "Abstract: Between 1838 and 1849 a man repeatedly visited London claiming to be 'Louis Christophe', seeking access to money deposited in the Bank of England by his 'brother' the deceased King of Haiti, Henri Christophe. By following this impostor around London and the wider Atlantic, this article makes an important contribution to understanding of the Black presence in Britain during the early Victorian period. Alongside his interactions with the Black community, it documents how 'Louis Christophe' was able to defraud British philanthropists, the forms of racial prejudice he received during the decade, and the legacy of the Haitian Revolution.",
+        "output": "'The Black Prince of Baker Street' and the Black Presence in Britain, 1837-1849",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.METHOD: Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression.RESULTS: Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.",
-        "output": "Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The eye tracking approach has the potential to facilitate more tailored and intelligent geoapplication interactions. There is a lack of knowledge regarding how gaze interaction influences user performance (accuracy and efficiency), visual behavior, and cognitive workload in real-world map-reading settings. In this study, we adopted a low-cost eye tracker and dwell time method to implement a fundamental gaze-based map interaction: target (point, line and area) selection. We administered a comparative experiment in which 36 participants were asked to perform a series of map target selection tasks using gaze-based and mouse interactions. The results demonstrated that gaze-based map interaction is comparable to mouse in terms of overall efficiency. By evaluating the visual behavior of the participants, we found that mouse interaction exhibited heightened fixation frequency and larger saccade amplitude than gaze interaction. Although gaze-based map interaction frustrated participants more often, the overall cognitive workload was no different from that of mouse interaction. These differences between interaction modes were largely affected by task types but rarely dependent on target shapes or positions. Moreover, participants evaluated gaze interaction higher in terms of attractiveness, stimulation and novelty. These results are beneficial for map interaction researchers and developers.",
+        "output": "Evaluating the performance of gaze interaction for map target selection",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Axial piston pumps are the 'hearts' of hydraulic systems whose fault recognition is necessary for the safety and reliability of hydraulic equipment. These pumps operate under different operating conditions and the fault recognition model trained at one operating point cannot be applicable at another operating point due to the problem of domain shifts. This paper proposes a transfer learning method for the fault severity recognition of axial piston pumps based on adversarial discriminative domain adaptation fused with a convolutional channel attention module. First, a convolutional neural network is pre-trained with labeled vibration data from the source domain, and a convolutional channel attention module is added to assign weights to different convolution kernels. Second, the trained source model is transferred to the target domain, and its parameters are updated by an adversarial training process between the labeled source data and the unlabeled target data. Finally, vibration data are collected from an axial piston pump at different fault levels under various operating conditions to validate the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 98.3% and outperforms some other transfer learning methods by a large margin.",
-        "output": "Fault severity recognition in axial piston pumps using attention-based adversarial discriminative domain adaptation neural network",
+        "input": "Abstract: The cleaning of re-polychromated plaster is a rather challenging task for Conservators. The optimal choice of solvents and its application instruments may depend on the original polychromy (binder and pigment) that aims to be revealed and the overlay polychromy (binder and pigment) as well. We present a new image-processing based method that uses hyperspectral imaging to obtain a non-invasive quantitative evaluation of cleaning procedures. It is based on the application of unmixing techniques for this problem. The method computes three quality indices: efficiency, destructivity, and alteration, that are based on the residual amounts of overlay pigment, the detection of excessive abrasion in the sample and the change in color that the cleaning produces. It produces as well pixel-by-pixel concentration maps and presence maps for plaster and overlay pigment, and it can self-evaluate by computing the error map comparing the modelled spectral reflectance with the measured spectral reflectance from the samples. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Unmixing-based cleaning methods evaluation for re-polychromated plasterwork",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Bernard Williams described the case of a lorry driver who runs over a child through no fault of his own. In this article, I pursue two aims. First, I want to motivate a puzzle about Williams's case, which I call the Lorry Driver Paradox and which consists of three individually plausible but jointly inconsistent claims. Second, I want to offer a solution to this paradox based on a novel approach to so-called strict moral answerability. I conclude by responding to the objection that strict answerability is a contradiction in terms.",
-        "output": "Strict Moral Answerability",
+        "input": "Abstract: In the realm of autonomous mobile robots, safe navigation through unpaved outdoor environments remains a challenging task. Due to the high-dimensional nature of sensor data, extracting relevant information becomes a complex problem, which hinders adequate perception and path planning. Previous works have shown promising performances in extracting global features from full-sized images. However, they often face challenges in capturing essential local information. In this letter, we propose Crop-LSTM, which iteratively takes cropped image patches around the current robot's position and predicts the future position, orientation, and bumpiness. Our method performs local feature extraction by paying attention to corresponding image patches along the predicted robot trajectory in the 2D image plane. This enables more accurate predictions of the robot's future trajectory. With our wheeled mobile robot platform Raicart, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Crop-LSTM for point-goal navigation in an unpaved outdoor environment. Our method enabled safe and robust navigation using RGBD images in challenging unpaved outdoor terrains.",
+        "output": "Learning Vehicle Dynamics From Cropped Image Patches for Robot Navigation in Unpaved Outdoor Terrains",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: When conducting judicial review of administrative decisions using a deferential standard of review, courts should give a greater role to the decision maker's responsiveness to the interests of the community of judgment-those directly affected by the decision. This Article uses a theory of judgment developed by Immanuel Kant in the Critique of Judgment, and elaborated by Hannah Arendt, to justify why consideration for the community is essential to deciding reasonably. It also reviews the approach to deferential review in the case law of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada to determine what the effect would be of this new approach to assessing the reasonableness of a decision. While reviewing courts usually consider the rationality of the decision for achieving the decision maker's statutory policy goals and the appropriateness of the decision maker's appreciation of the relevant facts, they do not generally probe the responsiveness of their reasons to the concerns of those affected by it. This Article suggests that courts should do so. The result is that administrative law will in future require better quality reasons from decision makers. Probing the responsiveness of reasons to the concerns of the community of judgment will require courts to compare the weight that the decision maker has placed on facts and arguments to the weight given to them by community members. This will be a significant change in how courts conduct judicial review, but it should enhance the legitimacy of deferential judicial review.",
-        "output": "Reasonableness as Responsiveness in Administrative Law in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada: Kant and Arendt on the Role of the Community in Deferential Judicial Review",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To report the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of repeat keratoplasty and evaluate the risk factors for graft failure in the Chinese population.METHODS: The medical records of 216 patients (243 cases) who underwent at least two keratoplasties at a leading eye hospital in southern China between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Indications and surgical procedures for repeat corneal transplantation were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the graft survival rate after repeat keratoplasty. A multivariable survival model was used to assess the risk factors.RESULTS: Repeated keratoplasties increased continuously from 2011 to 2020 (P = 0.002). The most common primary indication was infectious keratitis (38.7%), and the most common reason for repeat keratoplasty was graft rejection (30.04%). Regraft techniques included penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in 165 cases (67.9%), deep lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in 52 cases (21.40%), and endothelial keratoplasty (EK) in 26 cases (10.7%). Median survival was 5.3, 6.8, and 6.4 years for PK, DALK, and EK, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 53.5%, 66.6%, and 69.8% for PK, DALK, and EK, respectively. The median LogMAR visual acuity was 1.4 for PK, 0.75 for DALK, and 1.2 for EK at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that graft rejection is a risk factor for repeat keratoplasty failure (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: DALK and EK may provide better outcomes than PK in treating graft failure. Preventing and treating postoperative graft rejection may be key to improving regraft survival. These findings will aid in the management of failed corneal grafts.",
+        "output": "Repeat corneal transplantation in Southern China: Indications, surgical technique, outcomes, and risk factors for repeat keratoplasty failure.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this paper, we present stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of fauna tooth enamel from Garba IVD (1.95 Ma) and Gombore IB (1.66 Ma), two Early Acheulean sites of Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia), and discuss faunal taxonomy and fossil pollen. Our aim is to infer the diet and habitat of the fossil fauna, as well as the environment of both sites, in order to provide a broader paleoecological reconstruction. During the Pleistocene, the vegetation of the highlands of Ethiopia belonged to the Dry evergreen Afromontane Forest and grassland complex, which is distinct from the savanna of lower elevations in eastern Africa. Our carbon isotopic results indicate that all the analyzed faunal taxa were grazers consuming C4 plants, whereas oxygen isotopic results discriminate the taxa according to their semiaquatic or terrestrial habitats. These results are consistent with the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblages and the palynological results, suggesting extended mountain grasslands in the landscape at Garba IVD. In contrast, the carbon isotopic results do not totally agree with the pollen paleoenvironmental reconstruction at Gombore IB, where the open vegetation was interrupted by forests and bushy vegetation. Stable isotope and pollen data provide different outcomes (feeding strategies vs. nearby plants) and have different temporal and spatial resolutions. This is relevant when reconstructing past environments by using independent proxies. Furthermore, isotopic comparisons with other Early Pleistocene paleontological and archaeological sites from eastern Africa indicate that all the analyzed taxa in common fed on C4 plants and that their dietary strategies were not affected by variations linked to the difference in elevations.",
-        "output": "Isotopic insights into the Early Acheulean (1.95 Ma-1.66 Ma) high-elevation paleoenvironments at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia)",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health apps are increasingly recognized as crucial tools for enhancing health care delivery. Many countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, can substantially benefit from using health apps to support self-management and thus help to achieve universal health coverage and the third sustainable development goal. However, most health apps published in app stores are of unknown or poor quality, which poses a risk to patient safety. Regulatory standards and guidance can help address this risk and promote patient safety.OBJECTIVE: This review aims to assess the regulatory standards and guidance for health apps supporting evidence-based best practices in sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on self-management.METHODS: A methodological framework for scoping reviews was applied. A search strategy was built and applied across the following databases, gray literature sources, and institutional websites: PubMed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) African Index Medicus, OpenGrey, WHO Regional Office for Africa Library, ICTworks, WHO Directory of eHealth policies, HIS Strengthening Resource Center, International Telecommunication Union, Ministry of Health websites, and Google. The search covered the period between January 2005 and January 2024. The findings were analyzed using a deductive descriptive content analysis. The policy analysis framework was adapted and used to organize the findings. The Reporting Items for Stakeholder Analysis tool guided the identification and mapping of key stakeholders based on their roles in regulating health apps for self-management.RESULTS: The study included 49 documents from 31 sub-Saharan African countries. While all the documents were relevant for stakeholder identification and mapping, only 3 regulatory standards and guidance contained relevant information on regulation of health apps. These standards and guidance primarily aimed to build mutual trust; promote integration, inclusion, and equitable access to services; and address implementation issues and poor coordination. They provided guidance on systems quality, software acquisition and maintenance, security measures, data exchange, interoperability and integration, involvement of relevant stakeholders, and equitable access to services. To enhance implementation, the standards highlight that legal authority, coordination of activities, building capacity, and monitoring and evaluation are required. A number of stakeholders, including governments, regulatory bodies, funders, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the health care community, were identified to play key roles in regulating health apps.CONCLUSIONS: Health apps have huge potential to support self-management in sub-Saharan Africa, but the lack of regulatory standards and guidance constitutes a major barrier. Hence, for these apps to be safely and effectively integrated into health care, more attention should be given to regulation. Learning from countries with effective regulations can help sub-Saharan Africa build a more robust and responsive regulatory system, ensuring the safe and beneficial use of health apps across the region.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025714.",
+        "output": "Regulatory Standards and Guidance for the Use of Health Apps for Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Scoping Review.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This study explores how the layout of neighborhoods in traditional settlements of Saudi Arabia's Najdi region influence social interactions and urban planning decisions. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes urban morphology, architectural phenomenology, and sociological study methods to investigate the relationships between spatial organization and decision-making processes on both the macro and micro levels of decision-making. The purpose is to look at how collective action decision-making processes affect the urban fabric and how social norms influence spatial organization at different levels. The study applies case study and spatial analysis approaches to investigate how the traditional settlements' spatial structure promotes peace among the inhabitants while also sustaining cultural traditions. The qualitative approach investigates how spatial arrangements influence behaviors, developing a better understanding of how residents interact with their surroundings. According to the study's findings, these spatial layouts sustain customs and assist communities in adapting to environmental changes by retaining cultural activities. The study identifies the significance of balancing development with the retention of important traditional values in the implementation of long-term urban conservation plans. Traditional Najdi towns can serve as urban design examples, emphasizing the need to acknowledge the distinct value of vernacular architecture in modern urban development while also fostering social cohesion.",
-        "output": "Spatial Dynamics and Social Order in Traditional Towns of Saudi Arabia's Nadji Region: The Role of Neighborhood Clustering in Urban Morphology and Decision-Making Processes",
+        "input": "Abstract: The accurate assessment of the material constitution and degradation in newly discovered archaeological artefacts is paramount for the decisions surrounding a thorough treatment of the object during the restoration and conservation stages. The laboratories possess competent experts and complex devices to perform this analysis properly. Nevertheless, a timely hint of an artificial intelligence assistant regarding the chemical composition and corrosion compound localization of a metal asset could save additional time and resources. The present paper proposes such a computational framework based on deep learning techniques that, on the base of its automatic determination of the chemical concentration of the predominant metal from a microscope image, can subsequently independently also recognize and delineate the corrosion spots of the products specific to that metal. The experiments have been performed on iron and copper heritage items from the Oltenia Museum, Romania. The results suggest that, even with an economic training information in terms of microscope images and annotations, the artificial intelligence framework can provide on-site support for an early examination of metal heritage assets.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Computational framework for the evaluation of the composition and degradation state of metal heritage assets by deep learning",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to elucidate the role and predictive effects of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes across different age groups undergoing heart valve surgery.DESIGN: A retrospective study with intergroup comparison, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis.SETTING: A hospital affiliated with a medical university.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand nine hundred five patients undergoing heart valve surgery between October 2016 and December 2020.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were categorized into 3 age subgroups: young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-59 years), and older (aged \u226560 years) adults. The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status scores were evaluated. Young adults with an NRI <99 experienced a significantly higher rate of prolonged intensive care unit stay (28.3% v 4.1%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 4.58 (95% CI: 2.04-10.27). Similarly, young adults with an NRI <97 had a significantly increased occurrence of mortality within 30 days after surgery (6.3% v 0.2%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 41.11 (95% CI: 3.19-529.48).CONCLUSIONS: In patients who undergo heart valve surgery, early postoperative outcomes can be influenced by nutritional status before the surgery. In the young-adult group, NRI <99 and NRI <97 effectively could predict prolonged intensive care unit stay and 30-day mortality, respectively.",
-        "output": "Predictive Role of Preoperative Nutritional Status on Early Postoperative Outcomes in Different-Aged Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery.",
+        "input": "Abstract: The interaction mechanisms of the underground tunnel passing through the surface structure for a short distance are complex, and there are hidden dangers, with the interaction between the two tunnels having a nonnegligible impact on the seismic performance of the structural system. To explore the interaction law of seismic response between the double tunnel and the surface structure, this study conducted a shake-table test on a surface frame structure-soil-double-tunnel interaction system with a basement, using an actual tunnel project in Zhengzhou, China, as the background. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the system was established using the finite-element analysis software ABAQUS (2021) with the equivalent linear method, and the numerical model's reliability was verified by comparing with the test results. The verified numerical simulation was used to study the interaction between the structures in the system under six different prototype model cases. The research findings revealed that the tunnel's presence reduced the dynamic response of the structural system while amplifying the far-field dynamic response, and the interaction between the two tunnels increased the degree of this reduction and amplification. The frame structure reduced the soil dynamic response while amplifying the acceleration response and shear force of the tunnel. Additionally, the location of weak layers of the frame structure was influenced by the type of seismic wave inputted, while the diameter and crossing location of the tunnel had nonnegligible influences on the dynamic response of the structural system. The research results can serve as a reference to preliminarily determine the interaction laws of the seismic responses of a double-tunnel and adjacent surface frame structures.",
+        "output": "Experimental and Numerical Study on the Seismic Response of a Surface Frame Structure-Soil-Double-Tunnel System",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: While in recent times many regions have flourished, many others are stuck-or are at risk of becoming stuck-in a development trap. Such regions experience decline in economic growth, employment, and productivity relative to their neighbors and to their own past trajectories. Prolonged periods in development traps are leading to political dissatisfaction and unrest. Such discontent is often translated into support for antisystem parties at the ballot box. In this article we study the link between the risk, intensity, and duration of regional development traps and the rise of discontent in the European Union (EU)-proxied by the support for Eurosceptic parties in national elections between 2013 and 2022-using an econometric analysis at a regional level. The results highlight the strong connection between being stuck in a development trap, often in middle- or high-income regions, and support for Eurosceptic parties. They also suggest that the longer the period of stagnation, the stronger the support for parties opposed to European integration. This relationship remains robust whether considering only the most extreme Eurosceptic parties or including parties with more moderate levels of Euroscepticism.",
-        "output": "The Geography of EU Discontent and the Regional Development Trap",
+        "input": "Abstract: The founding of Qart-Hadasht, or 'New Carthage', in 228/227 BC reaffirmed the Carthaginian presence on the Iberian Peninsula. The city would serve as its main political base and military port in the Western Mediterranean before being lost to Rome in the Second Punic War. Although the conquest was led on the ground by the Barcid family, the town's flourishing also led to an increase in the metropolis's economic and commercial activities. In this study, a total of 37 amphorae of Central Mediterranean typology and located in different Punic contexts of the town were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thin-section petrography (OM). The analyses reveal that a significant number of them originated in North Africa, mainly in the area of Tunisia, though some originated from other production centres on the island of Sicily and probably Algeria. The results also confirm the existence of shared amphora types produced in different Punic production areas and workshops. Thus, the central argument here is that the arrival of containers from such diverse provenances allows us to identify the economic opportunity that this foundation represented for the metropolis as a whole and to explore how this new trade relationship was structured.",
+        "output": "Trade dynamics between Carthage and Iberia at the end of the 3rd century BC: analytical characterisation of central mediterranean amphorae from Qart-Hadasht (Cartagena, Spain)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: The decreasing residual efficacy of insecticides is an important factor when making decisions on insecticide choice for national malaria control programmes. The major challenge to using chemicals for vector control is the selection for the development of insecticide resistance. Since insecticide resistance has been recorded for most of the existing insecticides used for indoor residual spraying, namely, DDT, pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates, and new chemicals are necessary for the continued success of indoor residual spraying. The aim of this study was to assess the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield50WG and FludoraFusion by spraying on different wall surfaces.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-eight houses with different wall surface types (mud, cement, painted cement, and tin) which represented the rural house wall surface types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were used to evaluate the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield 50WG and FludoraFusion with DDT as the positive control. All houses were sprayed by experienced spray operators from the Malaria Control Programme. Efficacy of these insecticides were evaluated by contact bioassays against Anopheles arabiensis, a vector species. The residual efficacy of the insecticide formulations was evaluated against a susceptible insectary-reared population of An. arabiensis using WHO cone bioassays.RESULTS: Effectiveness of the three insecticides was observed up to 12months post-spray. When assessing the achievement of 100% mortality over time, SumiShield performed significantly better than DDT on mud (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.72-3.04) and painted cement wall types (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.36-5.26). On cement wall types, Actellic was found to be less effective than DDT (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.82) while FludoraFusion was less effective on tin wall types (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95). When compared to the combined efficacy of DDT on mud surfaces, SumiShield applied to each of the mud, cement and painted cement wall types and DDT applied to the cement wall types was found to be significantly more effective. These insecticides usually resulted in 100% mortality for up to 12months with a delayed mortality period of 96-144h, depending on the insecticide evaluated and the surface type sprayed.CONCLUSION: Field evaluation of these insecticides have shown that Actellic, SumiShield and FludoraFusion are suitable replacements for DDT. Each of these insecticides can be used for malaria vector control, requiring just one spray round. These insecticides can be used in rotation or as mosaic spraying.",
-        "output": "Field evaluation of the residual efficacy of new generation insecticides for potential use in indoor residual spray programmes in South Africa.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Although teachers and administrators increasingly support the idea of student voice, questions remain about what student voice looks like in practice. This mixed methods study in two urban U.S. high schools explores what student voice practices in the classroom entail and how these practices relate to other pedagogical strategies. Findings reveal that student -teacher relationships, differentiated instruction, and choice serve as core building blocks for the use of student voice practices in the classroom. Findings also underscore the rarity of the student voice practices of seeking student feedback and input and engaging in collaborative decision -making with students.",
+        "output": "The pedagogical foundations of student voice practices: The role of relationships, differentiation, and choice in supporting student voice practices in high school classrooms",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.",
-        "output": "Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research",
+        "input": "Abstract: Atlantoaxial abnormalities are rarely documented among wild animals. Many defects of segmentation in the spine are hereditary in domestic species and humans. Here, we present a block vertebra in an eastern wapiti (Cervus canadensis canadensis) from the Angel Site (12Vg1) in southern Indiana (USA) dating to 1000-1400 CE. Diagnosis used macroscopic and radiographic examination. Evidence of inflammatory response and eburnation point to functional compromise. Recorded pathologies of this nature are underrepresented in the past and present. We suggest this specimen from an adult wapiti species represents a female as this condition would have been more debilitating in an antlered stag limiting the possibility of living well into adulthood.",
+        "output": "Conjoined first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae in an eastern wapiti (Cervus canadensis canadensis) from the Angel Site (1000-1400 CE, Indiana, USA)",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Importance Although incidence of suicide in depression varies remarkably temporally, risk factors have been modeled as constant and remain uncharted in the short term. How effectively factors measured at one point in time predict risk at different time points is unknown. Objective To examine the absolute risk and risk factors for suicide in hospitalized patients with depression starting from the first days after discharge up to 2 years and to evaluate whether the size of relative risk by factor displays temporal patterns over consecutive phases of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based study using Finnish registers (hospital discharge, population, and cause of death registers) included all hospitalizations for depression as the principal diagnosis in Finland from 1996 to 2017, with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence rate (IR), IR ratios, hazard functions, and hazard ratios for suicide by consecutive time periods (0 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, 7 to 30 days, 31 to 90 days, 91 to 365 days, and 1 to 2 years) since discharge. Results This study included 193 197 hospitalizations among 91 161 individuals, of whom 51 197 (56.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 44.0 (17.3) years. Altogether, patients were followed up to 226 615 person-years. A total of 1219 men and 757 women died of suicide. Incidence of suicide was extremely high during the first days after discharge (IR of 6062 [95% CI, 4963-7404] per 100 000 on days 0 to 3; IR of 3884 [95% CI, 3119-4835] per 100 000 on days 4 to 7) and declined thereafter. Several factors were associated with risk of suicide over the first days after discharge. Current suicide attempt by hanging or firearms increased the risk of suicide most on days 0 to 3 (IR ratio, 18.9; 95% CI, 3.1-59.8) and on days 0 to 7 (IR ratio, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.7-31.5). Temporal patterns of the size of the relative risk diverged over time, being constant, declining, or increasing. Clinical factors had the strongest association immediately. Relative risk remained constant among men and even increased among those with alcohol or substance use disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, patients hospitalized for depression had extremely high risk of suicide during the first days after discharge. Thereafter, incidence declined steeply but remained high. Within the periods of the highest risk of suicide, several factors increased overall risk manyfold. Risk factors' observed potencies varied over time and had characteristic temporal patterns.",
-        "output": "Variations in Suicide Risk and Risk Factors After Hospitalization for Depression in Finland, 1996-2017",
+        "input": "Abstract: Focused on transnational exchanges, this article examines a series of trips to Fascist Italy that were undertaken by pupils of Nazi elite schools in their role as youth ambassadors of the Third Reich. As a form of cultural diplomacy that continued during the Second World War, these trips were part of Fascist and Nazi efforts to foster a new cultural order. However, although intended to strengthen ties between the two regimes, the trips also laid bare national differences.",
+        "output": "Nazi Elite-School Pupils as Youth Ambassadors: Between Fascist Italy and the Third Reich",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: A multi-analytical investigation and ad hoc sampling method designed to support the conservation treatment of a 16th-century panel painting are described in this work.The painting, titled Madonna of the Tent and owned by the Musei Reali Torino (Turin, Italy), had been historically attributed to Raffaello Sanzio and subsequently identified as a copy after the Master - the original version of which is displayed at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich (Germany). The conservation treatment was recently carried out at Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali La Venaria Reale (CCR), located in Venaria Reale (Turin, Italy). The work was particularly opaque and yellowed, suggesting the presence of different overlaying varnishes and, likely, overpainting.The scientific study of this work had two main aims: knowing the exact number and composition of the overlaying varnishes to select the best cleaning solution, and detecting the possible presence of overpainting, over the original stratigraphy.Coupling macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF), hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI), and UV-vis-NIR fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) allowed for general mapping and characterization of color paints and pigments. Observing and analyzing some cross sections with an optical microscope under Vis and UV light and SEM/EDS was essential for understanding the stratigraphy. An ad hoc sampling method and further micro-invasive analyses were required for an accurate study of the chemical composition of the varnishes and their position in the stratigraphy. Especially the image of a cross section under UV light was a guide to selectively remove the scrapings for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses; based on perceptible differences in UV-induced luminescence (UVL) of the layers, sampling of the varnishes was carried out, layer by layer, under a UV lamp.This work describes the complex process necessary to answer crucial questions in the conservation field. The adopted protocol exploited the full ability and complementarity of each imaging and spot technique used. The outcomes and methodological approach enabled us to trace the history of the past treatments and support the recent conservation treatment of the painting.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
-        "output": "Tracing the history of past treatments: A multi-analytical study of a 16th-century panel painting copy after Raphael",
+        "input": "Abstract: The essay discloses dimensions of communicative awareness, which are both local and general in the sense that they are recognised in all civilisations and pervade the researches of anthropologists, archeologists and historians. These dimensions are bodily activities composed of six practical orientations: up -down, left -right and forward -backward. Our social architecture, our systems of practical implements, our spaces and times of orientations are inscribed by both, the specific bodily situations and their silent background in all communicative awareness. Even languages are variations on these silent dimensions of activities: we face the future - a forward orientation; we leave the past behind - pertaining to our backward dimension; there are upper and lower social classes, left and right political movements. These silent dimensions are both universal and contingent.",
+        "output": "The Silent Communication",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this article, I cite oral history narratives donated by people living and working at Safe Outdoor Spaces (SOS)-sanctioned campsites in Denver, Colorado-to propose that SOS sites (which follow a harm reductionist stance, offer physical safety, and are largely staffed by peer navigators) offer a model for oral history making that takes place daily and off the record. As oral history projects contribute to representational belonging in archives and historical records, we might also consider the ways in which oral history making can create a belonging that is lived, inherent, and literal. By framing SOS sites as one possible living model for oral history making, this article demonstrates how oral history might shape not only our future understanding of the past but also the way our society lives in the present.",
-        "output": "Literal Belonging: Safe Outdoor Spaces Modeling Oral History Making",
+        "input": "Abstract: The condition assessment of Industrial Heritage machinery in operation is an open research subject of utmost importance for defining conservation and maintenance plans. The present work approaches this issue by proposing the study of Industrial Heritage machinery that includes the assessment of substrates, coatings, lubricants and operating mechanisms by applying analytical techniques currently used for heritage studies together with techniques employed in condition monitoring of modern machinery. An early 20th century steam engine from the Vale de Milhacos Gunpowder Factory (Portugal), in operation for demonstration purposes, was selected as a case study. The engine metallic alloys and coatings were studied by XRF and Raman spectroscopies, and the main properties of lubricants studied according to EN ISO and ASTM standard tests. Metallic particles present in the oil due to wear were assessed by XRF. The mechanisms were examined by gamma radiography, magnetoscopy, thermography and vibrational analysis. Data showed the use of distinct alloys according to the engine components' function similar to those reported for the same period. Green copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red identified as coatings' pigments are typical from the late 20th century and thus ascribed to a previous repair. The properties of the fresh and used lubricants are slightly different but without evidence of a significant alteration that could endanger the machine's functioning. However, the presence of metallic particles in the oil suggested the existence of wear phenomena. The engine's operating speed (51 rpm) and the vapour temperature ( approximate to 154 degrees C) attained inside the cylinder were indirectly determined. The presence of cracks on the engine structure was assessed, and possible faults that can imperil the engine functioning were analysed. The vibrational analysis of equipment in operation revealed a lack of lubrication and wear on the feed pump journal bearings. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "In full swing: Analytical strategies for the conservation assessment of operating Industrial Heritage machinery",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: The devastating impact of youth mental health concerns is increasingly evident on a global scale. This crisis calls for innovative solutions that are sufficiently accessible, scalable, and cost-effective to support diverse communities around the world. One such solution involves engagement in the arts: incorporating and building upon existing local resources and cultural practices to bolster youth mental health. In this article, we describe the global youth mental health crisis and note major gaps in the knowledge and resources needed to address it. We then discuss the potential for arts- and culture-based strategies to help meet this challenge, review the mounting evidence regarding art's ability to support mental health, and call for action to undertake critical research and its translation into accessible community practices. Four steps are suggested: (1) elevate and prioritize youth voice, (2) develop core outcome measures, (3) identify and analyze successful models around the globe, and (4) generate clear funding pathways for research and translational efforts. Worldwide implementation of arts- and culture-based strategies to address youth mental health will provide critical resources to support the health, wellbeing and flourishing of countless youth across the globe.",
-        "output": "Supporting youth mental health with arts-based strategies: a global perspective",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article addresses the impact of the fall of the Iron Curtain on migration and migration policy in Austria. The introduction explains Austria's reasoning for prioritizing trade over migration policy relative to the Central and Eastern European countries after the fall of the Iron Curtain. This decision was a paradigm shift, abandoning the guest worker model of migration and introducing immigration legislation with family migration as a core element. The legislative reforms brought about changes in all areas of migration governance. Despite the restrictive policy stance toward migration, in-migration gained momentum to the extent that, by 2022, Austria had one of the highest shares of migrants in its population in the European Union. As the official understanding of Austria is to be an immigration country by chance rather than by choice, it has consequently been unable to develop the necessary instruments to promote innovation and economic growth with the help of migrants. Instead, restrictive policies that guide the settlement and integration of migrants in general, and of asylum seekers in particular, may jeopardize social cohesion and the sustainability of economic growth.",
+        "output": "Migration in Austria after the Fall of the Iron Curtain",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020-January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (Rt) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy changes. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each variant and compared rates to determine differences in burden among provinces. Rt corresponding with emergence of the Delta variant increased in all 3 provinces; British Columbia had the largest increase, 43.85% (95% credible interval [CrI] 40.71%-46.84%). Across the study period, IRR was highest for Omicron (8.74 [95% CrI 8.71-8.77]) and burden highest in Alberta (IRR1.80 [95% CrI 1.79-1.81]). Initiating public health interventions was associated with lower Rt and relaxing restrictions and emergence of new variants associated with increases in Rt.",
-        "output": "SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020-January 2022.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Healthcare practitioners are regularly faced with treating patients at the end of their life, and this can be very daunting. This article hopes to help the practitioner have an approach to managing end-of-life care that makes it less distressing. The symptoms at the end-of-life include delirium and/or agitation, breathing changes, skin changes, sleeping more, decrease in need for food and drink, incontinence, and increased secretions. These symptoms are discussed and practical ways of management are given. The article further discusses how to approach the difficult conversation with the family and gives guidance as to what needs to be discussed. A number of tips are discussed on how to prepare the family to handle a death at home. It is essential to look at coping mechanisms and selfcare for practitioners dealing with end-of-life care as the death of a patient not only affects the family but also the practitioner.",
+        "output": "How to approach patients and families at the end of life.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Objective: The Kahramanmaras earthquakes struck the north-eastern part of Turkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023. It is well known that timely coordination and provision of emergency medical care in the field is particularly important to save lives after earthquakes. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by medical responders on the ground.Methods: This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Hatay, the province most affected by the earthquakes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations, and then analyzed using thematic analysis approach.Results: The study was carried out with 15 first responders from the medical profession. The study revealed 9 themes of challenges faced by medical responders: providing safety and security, human resources management, meeting personal needs, recording data, communication, patient transport, burial procedures, psychological acumen, and logistical problems. Some problems were resolved after 72 h and some continued until day 7.Conclusions: Inadequate organization of volunteer health workers, communication breakdowns, and logistical problems are some of the main challenges. To address these issues, satellite phones and radio systems can be promoted, as well as disaster-resilient logistical planning and better coordination of volunteers.",
-        "output": "Medical Response to the February 6, 2023, Earthquakes in Hatay: Challenges Faced in the Deadliest Disaster in the History of T\u00fcrkiye",
+        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Influenza affects a considerable proportion of the global population each year, and meteorological conditions may have a significant impact on its transmission. In this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model for the number of influenza patients at the national level using satellite images and provide a basis for predicting influenza through satellite image data.STUDY DESIGN: We developed an influenza incidence prediction model using satellite images and influenza patient data.METHODS: We collected satellite images and daily influenza patient data from July 2014 to June 2019 and developed a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM)-LSTM neural network model. The model with the lowest average of mean absolute error (MAE) was selected.RESULTS: The final model showed a high correlation between the predicted and actual number of influenza patients, with an average MAE of 5.9010 per million population. The model performed best with a 2-week time sequence.CONCLUSIONS: We developed a national-level prediction model using satellite images to predict influenza incidence. The model offers the advantage of nationwide analysis. These results may reduce the burden of influenza by enabling timely public health interventions.",
+        "output": "Convolutional LSTM-LSTM model for predicting the daily number of influenza patients in South Korea using satellite images.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the cost-utility ratio of the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (PDS; SUSVIMO) versus intravitreal ranibizumab injections for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based upon Archway Phase 3 Trial data.DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis.SUBJECTS: Archway Phase 3 Clinical Trial nAMD participants previously responsive to anti-VEGF therapy were randomized 3:2. Two hundred forty received PDS refills q 24 weeks and 162 received ranibizumab injections.METHODS: Ophthalmic patient, time tradeoff utilities, direct medical and societal cost perspectives, 12-year, 1-year, and 5-year timelines, United States 2022 real dollars, and a 3% annual discount rate were employed. Utilities were adjusted for nAMD conversion in fellow eyes during the 12-year, mean participant life expectancy. Premature death associated with severe vision loss was integrated as per the population-based Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) accruals, costs, and incremental and average cost-utility ratios in $/QALY (dollars expended per QALY gained).RESULTS: Versus no therapy, the 1-year PDS QALY gain was 0.0156 (6.8%) versus 0.0063 (0.82%) for intravitreal injections (P < 0.001), whereas the respective 12-year QALY gains were 1.714 (28%) and 1.639 (26.8%) (P= 0.99). One-year direct PDS ophthalmic costs totaled $21 825 with 2 ranibizumab fills, whereas ranibizumab injection therapy totaled $18 405 with 11.8 injections. The 1-year incremental PDS $/QALY versus injections was cost effective at $75 497/QALY. Five-year PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective at $304 108/QALY, nor was the 12-year therapy at $761 646/QALY. Average 12-year cost-utility ratios were $78773/QALY for the PDS and $47 917/QALY for injection therapy. Adding-$476 442 12-year offsetting societal costs netted $314 521 to society per PDS participant versus $370 958 per participant for injection therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Ranibizumab PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective versus ranibizumab injection therapy at 12 or 5 years but was at 1 year. Injection therapy had a more favorable 12-year average cost-utility ratio. Vision gain was the major determinant of participant value gain and was the same for both interventions. Both interventions were highly cost effective utilizing average cost-utility analysis with the societal cost perspective.FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.",
-        "output": "Cost-Utility Analysis of the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.",
+        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diarrhea caused by Salmonella and Shigella species are the leading cause of illness especially in developing countries. These infections are considered as the main public health problems in children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species in Sheik Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia from August 05 to November 15, 2022.METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 under-five children with diarrhea selected through a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect associated factors. A stool sample was collected and processed for the identification of Salmonella and Shigella species using MacConkey adar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (Oxoid Ltd) and Biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 22 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was assessed using bivariate, multivariable, and chi-square and P-value<0.05 was considered as statistical significance.RESULT: Overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.7-6.9%), of which 3.8% (95 CI, 3.2-4.4%) were Salmonella species and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.95-3%) were Shigella species. Unimproved water source (AOR=5.08, 95% CI=1.45, 17.25), open field (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.3, 5.03), rural residence (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.4, 7.5), Hand-washing practice (p=0.001), and raw meat consumption (p=0.002) were associated with occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella species. Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to Ampicilin (100%). However, Salmonella isolates was sensitive to Norfloxacin (100%). About 22.2% and 16.7% of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were multi-drug resistant, respectively.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species were lower than most studies done in Ethiopia. Hand-washing habit, water source type, Open field waste disposal habit, raw meat consumption and rural residence were associated with Salmonellosis and shigellosis. All isolated Salmonella were sensitive to norfloxacin. The evidence from this study underscores the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system and the imperative to implement drug susceptibility tests for the treatment of Salmonella and Shigella infection.",
+        "output": "Prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic under five children in Sultan Sheik Hassan Yabere referral Hospital, Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In sand-dust weather, the influence of sand-dust particles on imaging equipment often results in images with color deviation, blurring, and low contrast, among other issues. These problems making many traditional image restoration methods unable to accurately estimate the semantic information of the images and consequently resulting in poor restoration of clear images. Most current image restoration methods in the field of deep learning are based on supervised learning, which requires pairing and labeling a large amount of data, and the possibility of manual annotation errors. In light of this, we propose an unsupervised sand-dust image restoration network. The overall model adopts an improved CycleGAN to fit unpaired sand-dust images. Firstly, multiscale skip connections in the multiscale cascaded attention module are used to enhance the feature fusion effect after downsampling. Secondly, multi-head convolutional attention with multiple input concatenations is employed, with each head using different kernel sizes to improve the ability to restore detail information. Finally, the adaptive decoder-encoder module is used to achieve adaptive fitting of the model and output the restored image. According to the experiments conducted on the dataset, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of USIR-Net are superior to the selected comparison algorithms, furthermore, in additional experiments conducted on haze removal and underwater image enhancement, we have demonstrated the wide applicability of our model.",
-        "output": "USIR-Net: sand-dust image restoration based on unsupervised learning",
+        "input": "Abstract: Seeking to add a comparative element to the study of patron-client relations, this article introduces a multidimensional measurement tool for analysing de facto-patron state relations. The tool is used to measure military, political, societal and cultural resource exchange sustaining de facto state patron-client relationships, focusing on the client side of this dyadic relationship as this is where the defining features of patron-client relationships are most evident due to the asymmetry of resources. The study uses original data on Abkhazia, Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, Taiwan, Transnistria and their respective patron states. Comparing their degrees of dependence and differences based on the type of patronage, the article also discusses the merits and shortcomings of the tool, inviting further development.",
+        "output": "From Nagorno-Karabakh to Taiwan: measuring patron-client relations of de facto states",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: J. L. Austin argues that ordinary language should be used to identify when it is appropriate or inappropriate to make, accept, or reject knowledge claims. I criticize Austin's account. In our ordinary life, we often accept justifications rooted in racism, sexism, ableism, and classism as reasons to dismiss knowledge claims or challenges, despite the fact such reasons are not good reasons. Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology (OLE) inadvertently classifies the discounting of knowledge claims in classic cases of epistemic injustice as legitimate ordinary maneuvers. I provide recommendations for revision of OLE and offer a means of distinguishing between dismissals in cases of epistemic injustice and their legitimate counterparts.",
-        "output": "An Epistemic Injustice Critique of Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology",
+        "input": "Abstract: Explanations for the emergence and abandonment of the Chalcolithic Trypillia mega-sites have long been debated. Here, the authors use Gini coefficients based on the sizes of approximately 7000 houses at 38 Trypillia sites to assess inequality between households as a factor in the rise and/or demise of these settlements. The results indicate temporarily reduced social inequality at mega-sites. It was only after several generations that increased social differentiation re-emerged and this may explain the subsequent abandonment of the mega-sites. The results indicate that increases in social complexity need not be associated with greater social stratification and that large aggregations of population can, for a time at least, find mechanisms to reduce inequality.",
+        "output": "Trypillia mega-sites: a social levelling concept?",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) has become the modeling language for quantum annealing and quantum-inspired annealing solvers. We present different approaches in QUBO for the magic square problem and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), which can be modeled by linear equations and a permutation constraint over integer variables. Different ways of encoding integers by Booleans in QUBO amount to models, the implementation of which could have very different performance. Experiments performed on the Fixstars Amplify Annealer Engine, a quantum-inspired annealing solver, show that, compared to the classical one-hot encoding, using unary encoding for integers performs slightly better for the QAP and much better for magic square.",
-        "output": "Comparing QUBO models for quantum annealing: integer encodings for permutation problems",
+        "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.METHODS: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the beSAAS. We administrated this 23-item questionnaire to 923 final-year medical students in Belgium (response rate=71,1%). Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the clusters.RESULTS: Four clusters of students with specific characteristics were identified in this study. The first, The Inclusives (including 27,9% of respondents) had the least negative attitudes; they wanted to specialize mainly in psychiatry and gynecology. The second, The Centrists (23,6%) consisted mainly of male students. They had many private and professional experiences with substance use and considered themselves less healthy than others did. Most wanted to specialize in pediatrics and general practice. Their attitudes were slightly negative towards people with SUD. The third, The Moralists (27,6%), were mainly older, from non-European countries, had the least experience with substance use (or contact mainly in hospitals), had the less high mother's level of education and reported excellent health. They were heading toward other specialties. They had the most stereotypes and moralism, and less treatment optimism. The fourth, The Specialist care-oriented (20,8%), were the most in favor of specialized treatment. This group had a higher proportion of Belgian, females, and students who had specific contact with this population. They especially intended to specialize in internal medicine.CONCLUSION: This study revealed 4 profiles of medical students with different attitudes towards SUD people. The Moralists, including more than a quarter of the respondents, were characterized by strong stereotypes and moralism and little treatment optimism. These clusters could contribute to the design of a learner-centered program aimed at addressing stigma within the main curriculum.",
+        "output": "Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Philosophers debate about which logical system, if any, is the One True Logic. This involves a disagreement concerning the sufficient conditions that may single out the correct logic among various candidates. This paper discusses whether there are necessary conditions for the correct logic; that is, I discuss whether there are features such that if a logic is correct, then it has those features, although having them might not be sufficient to single out the correct logic. Traditional rationalist arguments suggest that the necessary conditions of thought are necessary and sufficient conditions singling out the correct logical and mathematical theories. In the contemporary debate, Chalmers advocates a view along this line. Jago, analogously, suggests that the necessary conditions for thought-or, as he calls them, our basic epistemic expectations-single out a family of logical and mathematical theories. Warren and Williamson, on the other hand, argue that there are no necessary conditions of thought. I argue that there are necessary conditions for thought, and these are necessary but not sufficient conditions to be the correct logic; indeed, these are features that all logics-correct or incorrect-share. No view we can understand is ruled out by the necessary conditions for thought, but we cannot understand quite any view. Human linguistic and conceptual abilities are genetically constrained, and these constraints are our best guide to the boundaries of logic. Arguing for this, I tackle two dogmas of modern rationalism: namely, the view that the biological constraints of human cognition have no bearing on the boundaries of the epistemic space, and the view that the boundaries of thought coincide with the boundaries of language.",
-        "output": "Experiment-driven rationalism",
+        "input": "Abstract: Accurate 3D object detection in large-scale outdoor scenes, characterized by considerable variations in object scales, necessitates features rich in both long-range and fine-grained information. While recent detectors have utilized window-based transformers to model long-range dependencies, they tend to overlook fine-grained details. To bridge this gap, we propose MsSVT++, an innovative Mixed-scale Sparse Voxel Transformer that simultaneously captures both types of information through a divide-and-conquer approach. This approach involves explicitly dividing attention heads into multiple groups, each responsible for attending to information within a specific range. The outputs of these groups are subsequently merged to obtain final mixed-scale features. To mitigate the computational complexity associated with applying a window-based transformer in 3D voxel space, we introduce a novel Chessboard Sampling strategy and implement voxel sampling and gathering operations sparsely using a hash map. Moreover, an important challenge stems from the observation that non-empty voxels are primarily located on the surface of objects, which impedes the accurate estimation of bounding boxes. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a Center Voting module that integrates newly voted voxels enriched with mixed-scale contextual information towards the centers of the objects, thereby improving precise object localization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our single-stage detector, built upon the foundation of MsSVT++, consistently delivers exceptional performance across diverse datasets.",
+        "output": "MsSVT plus plus : Mixed-Scale Sparse Voxel Transformer With Center Voting for 3D Object Detection",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: With increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in the external business environment, the risks and challenges faced by enterprises also increase accordingly; resilience has become a necessary characteristic for the evolution and upgrading of enterprise innovation systems, and improving enterprise innovation resilience becomes the key for enterprises to establish sustainable competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development. Based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies and cities, we employ the common factor method to measure enterprise innovation resilience and explore the impact of transportation infrastructure construction on enterprise innovation resilience. The results reveal that, firstly, enterprise innovation resilience shows an overall upward trend, but there is a certain degree of temporal-spatial and industrial disparity. Secondly, transportation infrastructure construction, represented by HSR opening, can significantly improve enterprise innovation resilience. However, this effect performs the following heterogeneity: (1) Regionally, the promotion effect is more obvious in eastern regions, central cities, and non-central cities within 107 km and 764 km away from the central city. (2) For enterprises, compared to state-owned enterprises and non-high-tech industries, transportation infrastructure construction has a greater effect in non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech industries. (3) The higher the degree of centrality and closeness centrality, the more obvious the promotion effect of transportation infrastructure construction. Finally, mechanism tests show that enterprise resource acquisition and resource allocation abilities are important channels for transportation infrastructure construction, to enhance enterprise innovation resilience.",
-        "output": "Does Transportation Infrastructure Construction Enhance Enterprise Innovation Resilience in China?",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article addresses the issue of historical knowledge in relation to material evidence. More specifically, it asks, What objects capture the historian's attention and what knowledge is gained from those objects? What does the historian's gaze select as things of history and thus as removed from a world of object assemblages and fluid matter? Is it the case that only artifacts deliberately produced or modified by humans (regardless of the purpose) count as things of history? Or do physical entities produced by unintended human and nonhuman factors also display temporal endurance or alteration occurring over time and resonate with humans? Are things of history only entities endowed with shape, or do formless materials qualify too? In this article, I outline a theory of intentionality in relation to material items for two main reasons. First, it allows for a critique of material evidence, which is still missing in the historical discipline. Second, it enables us to address any remaining epistemological, ethical, or political issues, biases, or contradictions associated with the multifaceted research on material culture that affect the way we do history.",
+        "output": "THE UNCERTAIN STUFF OF HISTORY: OUTLINE OF A THEORY OF INTENTIONALITY-THING BY THING",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Background Rural populations consistently experience a disproportionate burden of cancer, including higher incidence and mortality rates, compared to the urban populations. Factors that are thought to contribute to these disparities include limited or lack of access to care and challenges with care coordination (CC). In Hawaii, many patients residing in rural areas experience unique challenges with CC as they require inter-island travel for their cancer treatment. In this focus group study, we explored the specific challenges and positive experiences that impact the CC in rural Hawaii cancer patients.Methods We conducted two semi-structured focus group interviews with cancer patients receiving active treatment for any type of cancer (n = 8). The participants were recruited from the rural areas of Hawaii, specifically the Hawaii county and Kauai. Rural was defined using the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA; rural >= 4). The focus group discussions were facilitated using open-ended questions to explore patients' experiences with CC.Results Content analysis revealed that 47% of the discussions were related to CC-related challenges, including access to care (27.3%), insurance (9.1%), inter-island travel (6.1%), and medical literacy (4.5%). Other major themes from the discussions focused on facilitators of CC (30.3%), including the use of electronic patient portal (12.1%), team-based approach (9.1%), family caregiver support (4.5%), and local clinic staff (4.5%).Conclusion Our findings indicate that there are notable challenges in rural patients' experiences regarding their cancer care coordination. Specific factors such as the lack of oncologist and oncology services, fragmented system, and the lack of local general medical providers contribute to problems with access to care. However, there are also positive factors found through the help of facilitators of CC, notability the use of electronic patient portal, team-based approach, family caregiver support, and local clinic staff. These findings highlight potential targets of interventions to improve cancer care delivery for rural patients.Trial Registration Not required.",
-        "output": "Cancer care coordination in rural Hawaii: a focus group study",
+        "input": "Abstract: The chemical (e.g., preservation/embalming) treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity. The histological and stable isotope examination of treated and untreated human remains improves our understanding of how chemical preservatives impact bone diagenesis and will determine if chemical treatment adversely affects stable isotope ratio analysis of collagen. Fidelity in the application(s) of stable isotope interpretations requires that the isotope delta (delta) values have not been altered postmortem. Re-associated antimeres and refits of chemically treated and untreated rib and long bones from eight casualties [thin-sectioned human bone (n = 43) and collagen extraction/stable isotope analysis (n = 42)] from the World War II Battle of Tarawa were examined to compare skeletal elements from the same individual that had different taphonomic histories. Histological analyses included scoring upon the Oxford Histological Index (OHI) and Birefringence scale, recording microbial invasion, and general observations. The collected data were analyzed via simple descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests. Treated remains scored higher on the OHI and for Birefringence, indicating that bone quality was good to excellent. The untreated samples scored lower on the OHI and Birefringence scales suggesting poorer preservation than the treated remains. Histology results were supported by the isotope sample preparation results: the collagen % yield was higher for treated bone than untreated bone. Additionally, chemical preservation had no meaningful impact on isotope delta values of treated and untreated remains from the same element or pair-matched elements. Overall, treated remains exhibited good preservation while untreated remains exhibit poorer preservation with significant microfocal destruction to the extent that little histological analyses can be applied. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains indicating this testing modality likely can be used for most treated remains, regardless of origin.",
+        "output": "The influence of taphonomy on histological and isotopic analyses of treated and untreated buried modern human bone",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaze following difficulties are considered an early marker of autism, thought likely to cumulatively impact the development of social cognition, language and social skills. Subtle differences in gaze following abilities may contribute to the diverse range social and communicative autistic characteristics observed across people with genetic syndromes, such as Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and fragile X (FXS) syndromes.AIMS: To compare profiles of 1) visual attention to the eye region at critical points of the attention direction process, 2) whether children follow the gaze cue to the object, and 3) participant looking time to the target object following the gaze cue between groups and conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with CdLS (N=11) and FXS (N=8) and autistic (N=22) and neurotypical (N=15) children took part in a passive viewing paradigm adapted from Senju and Csibra (2008), in which videos of a central cue (ball/cartoon face/human face) directed attention towards one of two objects. Visual attention patterns were recorded via eye tracking technology.RESULTS: Neurotypical children were used as a reference group against which the autistic, CdLS and FXS groups were compared. Although autistic children looked at the eye region for significantly less time, they looked at the target object as frequently and for a similar duration as neurotypical children. Children with FXS looked at the target as frequently as neurotypical children but looked at it for comparatively less time. Both neurotypical children and children with CdLS frequently looked at the eye region, but children with CdLS were less likely to look at the target than neurotypical children.CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary evidence of unique patterns of visual attention and gaze following strategies in children with CdLS, children with FXS and autistic children. These unique gaze following patterns may underpin the distinct profiles of social and communication autistic traits observed between these groups.",
-        "output": "Visual attention patterns during a gaze following task in neurogenetic syndromes associated with unique profiles of autistic traits: Fragile X and Cornelia de Lange syndromes.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 mu g m(-2) h(-1) for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 mu g m(-2) h(-1)) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 +/- 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 +/- 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.",
+        "output": "Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Automaticity, an essential skill attribute, develops when an activity is performed without requiring attention. Despite its importance, little is known about the implications of automaticity in the construction industry. To address this gap, this study investigated the development of automaticity during a repetitive construction task. Recruiting 28 subjects to participate in a laboratory roofing-installation experiment repeated across four trial days, this study examined traditional metrics of the primary (installation) task's duration and accuracy as well as nontraditional metrics of a concurrent secondary (memory) task's score to examine performance measures diagnostically indicative of automaticity. The results revealed that there were significant improvements in the primary task's mean duration and accuracy and the secondary task's mean performance score from the experiment's first trial day to every other day, an indication that, with repeated practice, automaticity-induced performance improves. Because these automatic performance measures provide an index for evaluating feature-based improvements indicative of automaticity, this study argues that such performance measures capture automaticity developing during repetitive construction activities. Given that practitioners are interested in training workers to achieve automaticity to increase their productivity and multitasking skills, the results of this study provide methods for testing training effectiveness and the extent to which workers have developed automaticity.",
-        "output": "Application of Automaticity Theory in Construction",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article investigates the connection and dependence between the definiteness of the totalities involved in mathematical structures and the determinateness of statements about that structure. From a logical perspective, we investigate whether logical principles expressing the definiteness of totalities license the use of classical logic. From a philosophical perspective, this article provides a reconstruction of Solomon Feferman's claim that the definiteness of the natural number conception implies the determinateness of arithmetical statements and therefore justifies the adoption of classical logic for arithmetical theories.",
+        "output": "Definite totalities and determinate truth in conceptual structuralism",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.",
-        "output": "Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms",
+        "input": "Abstract: We have recovered disease-symptomatic monocot leaves from the middle Siwalik (late Miocene; 12-8 Ma) sedimentary strata of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya, India. Information about disease symptoms linked to fossil monocot leaves, however, is lacking. The present study therefore aims to elucidate their identity through the analysis of morphological characteristics of the plant pathogenic fungi (causal agent) associated with these disease symptoms. Black mildew disease caused by foliicolous fungal fossil-genus Meliolinites Selkirk ex Janson. and Hills (fossil Meliolaceae) is detected on infected host Siwalik monocot leaves. In the study presented here, we provide formal descriptions and illustrations for the fossil-genus. The pathogen Meliolinites is recognized by the presence of appressoria, phialides, mycelial seta, black non-ostiolate ascomata, and four-septate, five-celled ascospores. This is the first report of melioloid fungus causing black mildew disease on fossil monocot leaves. Here, we also reconstruct a possible disease cycle of black mildew pathogen on Siwalik monocot leaves. The insitu evidence of Meliolinites on the monocot leaf cuticles indicates the possible existence of a biotrophic relationship in Himachal sub-Himalaya's ancient warm and humid tropical forest during the time of deposition.",
+        "output": "Black mildew disease on the Siwalik (Miocene) monocot leaves of Western Himalaya, India caused by Meliolinites",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: AB705 is a landmark higher education policy that has changed approaches to developmental/remedial education in the California Community College system. We study one district that implemented reforms by placing most students in transfer-level math/English courses and encouraging enrollment in support courses based on multiple measures of academic preparation (e.g., grade point average [GPA]). We use regression discontinuity designs to examine the impact of these new placement recommendations, finding some benefits to English support course recommendations for low GPA students and increased math support course enrollment. We use matching methods to explore the relationship between support course enrollment and subsequent outcomes; finding enrollment in concurrent math and English support courses was associated with increased likelihood of completing transfer-level math and English.",
-        "output": "Use and Effectiveness of Academic Supports After Developmental Education Reform in California's Community Colleges",
+        "input": "Abstract: This article considers the relationship of two prominent leaders of British women's temperance, Lady Henry Somerset and Lady Elizabeth Biddulph. They were noteworthy for taking opposing sides when the British Women's Temperance Association divided on the question of the political reach of its work. Somerset and Biddulph were elite women, daughters of earls and near neighbours around Ledbury, a centre of cider apple and hop cultivation in Herefordshire. Both made their first temperance pledge in the area. We examine their geographical proximity and consider the importance of local agricultural labour and landscapes to their temperance work.",
+        "output": "Temperance lives and landscape: Lady Elizabeth Biddulph, Lady Henry Somerset, and late nineteenth-century Ledbury",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Bi-2212 superconducting round wire is one of the candidates for the development of magnets with fields largely above 20 T. One of the most crucial aspects is the possible wire degradation occurring in the cabling process, a mandatory step to achieve a very high current and essential for high field magnets. Here we report a general study on the performance's behaviour of Bi-2212 round wires following a deformation similar to that arising during the cabling assembly. Furthermore, we propose a preliminary 2D Finite Element Model to simulate the mechanical deformation that can be valuable to gain useful information for the development of high-quality cables. In the end, Bi-2212 wires we made and test don't show degradation, consistently with the results of the proposed model which confirms the reliability of the adopted assumptions.",
-        "output": "Analysis of the Flattening on Bi-2212 Wires Due to the Cabling Process and Its Effect on Their Performances",
+        "input": "Abstract: To study the variation law of shock wave pressure load on the surface of a certain type of landmine installed on the ground when explosive contact ground explosion, the TNT (C7H5N3O6) contact ground explosion experiments were conducted. Using the pressure test device that simulates the shape of a certain type of landmine to test the shock wave pressure load on its side and top surface respectively. Combined with the numerical simulation, studied the variation law of shock wave overpressure peak, positive pressure action time, and specific impulse on the side and top surface of the landmines at different scaled distances. The results show that the scaled distance less than 1.453 m/ kg1/3 is the range of near-range explosion. In this range, the shock wave pressure time history curve shows multiple peaks due to the combined action of the shock wave and detonation products. The closer to the explosion source, the pressure peak generated by the detonation product is significantly higher than the shock wave pressure peak, and the propagation speed of the shock wave is faster than that of detonation products. With the further increase of the blast center distance, the positive pressure action time of the shock wave on the side and top surface of the landmine it was increased significantly. The specific impulse of the shock wave on the side of the landmines is significantly higher than that on the top surface of the device at the same scaled distance. In the range of scaled distance less than 1.937 m/kg1/3, the specific impulse of the shock wave on both the side and top surfaces of the landmines increases at first and then decreases later, and its variation curve shows an obvious triangle. With the increase of the explosive quality, the rate of rise and attenuation of specific impulse of the shock wave is faster. With the further increase of blasting center distance, the specific impulse of the shock wave on the side and the top surface of the landmines tends to be equal at the same scaled distance, the continuous range is wide, and the explosive quality has little effect on it.",
+        "output": "Study on the variation law of shock wave on the surface of landmine shell under touchdown explosion",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: In this paper, we use differential forms to prove a number of theorems of integral vector calculus that are rarely found in textbooks. Two of them, as far as the author knows, have not been published before. Some possible applications to problems in physics are shared including a general approach for computing net forces and torques on current-carrying loops that yields insights that are not evident from the standard approach.",
-        "output": "Recovering seldom-used theorems of vector calculus and their application to problems of electromagnetism",
+        "input": "Abstract: We study a new driving factor of women's inclusion in politics: the economic empowerment of their mothers. We evaluate Swedish microdata on politicians and their parents over fifty years. The results demonstrate a strong intergenerational dynamic from mothers to daughters. Female politicians come from households where their mother is more likely to be employed, earns more in the labour market, and earns a larger share of household earnings. This pattern was strong among parliamentarians in the 1970s and 1980s when female numerical representation increased rapidly in Sweden but is not present in national politics after the introduction of gender quotas in the early 1990s or in local politics.",
+        "output": "Working Mothers and Political Daughters: Intergenerational Dynamics of Women's Political Officeholding",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.",
-        "output": "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study addresses the critical challenge of accurately forecasting electricity consumption by utilizing Exponential Smoothing and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models. The research aims to enhance the precision of forecasting in the dynamic energy landscape and reveals promising outcomes by employing a robust methodology involving model application to a large amount of consumption data. Exponential Smoothing demonstrates accurate predictions, as evidenced by a low Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) of 0.469. SARIMA, with its seasonal ARIMA structure, outperforms Exponential Smoothing, achieving lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values on both training (2.21%) and test (2.44%) datasets. This study recommends the adoption of SARIMA models, supported by lower MAPE values, to influence technology adoption and future-proof decision-making. This study highlights the societal implications of informed energy planning, including enhanced sustainability, cost savings, and improved resource allocation for communities and industries. The synthesis of model analysis, technological integration, and consumer-centric approaches marks a significant stride toward a resilient and efficient energy ecosystem. Decision-makers, stakeholders, and researchers may leverage findings for sustainable, adaptive, and consumer-centric energy planning, positioning the sector to address evolving challenges effectively and empowering consumers while maintaining energy efficiency.",
+        "output": "Empowering Sustainability: A Consumer-Centric Analysis Based on Advanced Electricity Consumption Predictions",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This study describes a multi-proxy approach toward a newly discovered open-air loess site, Ertash Sai 2, located in the western piedmonts of the Tian Shan in Uzbekistan. Technological analyzes enabled the identification of an asymmetric core reduction scheme accompanied by a Levallois-like predetermined knapping scheme, along with the production of truncated-faceted pieces and burin-cores. Moreover, the results show a direct relationship between the presence of truncated-faceted pieces or burin-cores and both core reduction schemes, as long as truncated-faceted pieces were mostly produced from debordant blades and flakes. Chronostratigraphic studies enabled the precise chronology of the assemblage to be determined as 68-57 ka BP. This raises questions about the origins of traits usually associated with the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in Central Asia and their roots in local Levallois-based assemblages.",
-        "output": "New Data for Asymmetric Core Reduction in Western Tian Shan Piedmonts: The Ertash Sai 2 Open-Air Site",
+        "input": "Abstract: I introduce and discuss an underappreciated form of motivated cognition: motivational pessimism, which involves the biasing of beliefs for the sake of self-motivation. I illustrate how motivational pessimism avoids explanatory issues that plague other (putative) forms of motivated cognition and discuss distinctions within the category, related to awareness, aetiology, and proximal goals.",
+        "output": "Motivational pessimism and motivated cognition",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Rapid tourism growth in small towns of unique cultural heritage often leads to sudden building renovation and infrastructure expansion, which can compromise their attractiveness. The typically under-resourced urban planning departments of the Global South face a complicated task in establishing planning regulations that can preserve a town's identity while accommodating these rapid transformations. This requires a delicate regulatory equilibrium - too restrictive an urban plan could hinder investment and local growth, while a less restricted approach risks destroying a town's heritage, identity, and touristic appeal. This study presents a randomised controlled trial in which residents and tourists rate a town's visual identity using photo simulations of 27 different planning regulation scenarios, drawing from a real-life conservation plan on the island of Chiloe (Chile). We test the effectiveness of this method for identifying which building regulations are relevant for preserving a town's identity. This low-cost and rapidly implemented method may complement the work of urban planners in setting the regulatory framework for conservation.",
-        "output": "Preserving enough? A randomised controlled trial approach to determine relevant urban planning regulations for small touristic towns - A case of Chiloe, Chile",
+        "input": "Abstract: Nowadays, solar energy is considered to be one of the most developed renewable energy sources, and its production capacity has increased in recent years. To optimize yields and production, the correct selection of the location of these plants is essential. This research develops a methodological proposal that allows for detecting and evaluating the most appropriate places to implement solar photovoltaic plants almost automatically through GIS tools. A multi-criteria analysis is proposed to analyze large extensions of land with ten duly weighted criteria that cover the energy and territorial requirements that any installation must meet. The method assigns each site a location coefficient that reflects the weighting of the chosen criteria so that the value ordered from highest to lowest reflects the best to the worst location. Unlike other research works that can be considered similar, the methodological proposal is much more consistent than traditional alternatives as it uses a multi-criteria analysis and a weighting mechanism that is also statistically consistent, objective, and based on logical criteria. This innovative methodology is applied to Cantabria (north of Spain), although it could be used for other contexts.",
+        "output": "Optimal Location of Solar Photovoltaic Plants Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Innovation in healthcare and biomedicine is in decline, yet there exist no widely-known alternatives to traditional brainstorming that can be employed for innovative idea generation. McCaffrey's Innovation Enhancing Techniques (IETs) were developed to enhance creative problem-solving by helping the solver to overcome common psychological obstacles to generating innovative ideas. These techniques were devised for engineering and design problems, which involve solving practical goals using physical materials. Healthcare and science problems however often involve solving abstract goals using intangible resources. Here we adapt two of McCaffrey's IETs, BrainSwarming and the Generic Parts Technique, to effectively enhance idea generation for such problems. To demonstrate their potential, we apply these techniques to a case study involving the use of blockchain technologies to facilitate ethical goals in biomedicine, and successfully identify 100 potential solutions to this problem. Being simple to understand and easy to implement, these and other IETs have significant potential to improve innovation and idea generation in healthcare, scientific, and technological contexts. By catalysing idea generation in problem-solving, these techniques may be used to target the innovative stagnation currently facing the scientific world.",
-        "output": "BrainSwarming, blockchain, and bioethics: applying Innovation Enhancing Techniques to healthcare and research",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of sarcopenia in oncology is increasingly recognized, yet little is known about its clinical implications in breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in breast cancer, quantifies skeletal muscle index (SMI), and comprehensively evaluates sarcopenia's impact on clinical outcomes.METHODS: We systematically searched primary original research published before June 2023 in four databases: the Cochrane Library via Wiley, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase via Elsevier Excerpta Medica, and Medline via Ovid. Standardized mean SMI and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by applying the random-effects model. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment checklist.RESULTS: The systematic review included 17 studies with a total of 9863 patients; the meta-analysis included 12 of these studies. The mean prevalence of sarcopenia in breast cancer (stages I-III) was 32.5%. The mean SMI assessed by CT was 43.94 cm2/m2 (95% CI 42.87, 45.01; p<.01). Overall, low muscle mass was associated with chemotherapy toxicities, dose reductions, dose delays, or treatment discontinuation. Low muscle mass was generally associated with poor survival, but in some studies, this association was not significant or reversed direction.CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is not just a state of muscle mass loss, but an influencing factor on therapeutic effects and survival rates in oncology. It is thus necessary to recognize the risk of sarcopenia throughout the trajectory of cancer treatment, identify low muscle mass early, and manage it from a prehabilitation perspective.",
+        "output": "Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenia in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article explores the European Union's (EU's) assistance to Ukraine through the lens of critical geopolitics with a view to ascertaining whether the EU has become more geopolitical in its thinking and actions towards Eastern Europe. Our findings point to a mixed picture. Whilst the EU 'mindscape' appears to have shifted in relation to Eastern Europe, Ukraine and itself as an actor in the region, it is less apparent that the EU's foreign and security policy action has become geopoliticised. The 2022 Russian invasion has certainly seen a step change from the hesitant and self-conscious approach that characterised the EU's engagement with Eastern Europe prior to 2022. However, declarations such as that by the High Representative and Vice President of the European Commission (HRVP) around the 'birth of geopolitical Europe' appear to be somewhat premature, as there is limited evidence at this stage that the EU is willing to provide leadership on the geospatial (re)ordering of the region.",
-        "output": "Geopolitical EU? The EU's Wartime Assistance to Ukraine",
+        "input": "Abstract: This study aimed to use a data-driven approach to identify individualized speed thresholds to characterize running demands and athlete workload during games and practices in skill and linemen football players. Data were recorded from wearable sensors over 28 sessions from 30 male Canadian varsity football athletes, resulting in a total of 287 performances analyzed, including 137 games and 150 practices, using a global positioning system. Speed zones were identified for each performance by fitting a 5-dimensional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) corresponding to 5 running intensity zones from minimal (zone 1) to maximal (zone 5). Skill players had significantly higher (p < 0.001) speed thresholds, percentage of time spent, and distance covered in maximal intensity zones compared to linemen. The distance covered in game settings was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to practices. This study highlighted the use of individualized speed thresholds to determine running intensity and athlete workloads for American and Canadian football athletes, as well as compare running performances between practice and game scenarios. This approach can be used to monitor physical workload in athletes with respect to their tactical positions during practices and games, and to ensure that athletes are adequately trained to meet in-game physical demands.",
+        "output": "Characterization of Running Intensity in Canadian Football Based on Tactical Position.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Objective: To analyse and classify inclusions of corporate social responsibility in international investment agreements, especially inclusions with reference to public health.Method: We extracted the text of international investment agreements containing corporate social responsibility inclusions from the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties. We conducted a documentary analysis of the corporate social responsibility inclusions, and we developed a typology categorizing inclusions based on level of detail and reference to international commitments.Findings: Of the 3816 agreements signed as of October 2023, 127 agreements contain corporate social responsibility inclusions. Since the first inclusion of corporate social responsibility in 2008, the percentage of agreements containing such inclusion signed each year has steadily increased from 4.6% (4/86) in 2008 to 42.8% (21/49) in 2018 and 33.3% (3/9) in 2023. Using the typology we developed, we categorized the level of detail as follows: nine were minimal, 27 were low, 35 were low-medium, 107 were medium, 11 were medium-high and seven were high. Health is mentioned in 36 of these inclusions.Conclusion: This analysis indicates that international investment agreements increasingly incorporate a high level of detail on expectations regarding investors' corporate social responsibility. Such provisions offer a potential tool to increase government guidance and accountability of global corporations, including with respect to governments' public health objectives.Objectif: Analyser et classer les dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises dans les accords internationaux dinvestissement, en particulier celles relatives a la sante publique.Methodes: Nous avons extrait de la Base de donnees electronique des traites dinvestissement (EDIT) le texte daccords internationaux dinvestissement contenant des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Nous avons effectue une analyse documentaire des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises et avons elabore une typologie classant ces dispositions selon leur niveau de detail et leur reference a des engagements internationaux.Resultats: Sur les 3816 accords signes en date doctobre 2023, 127 contiennent des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Depuis linclusion de la premiere disposition de responsabilite sociale des entreprises en 2008, le pourcentage daccords signes chaque annee et contenant ce type de disposition a augmente regulierement, passant de 4,6 % (4/86) en 2008 a 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 et 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. A laide de la typologie que nous avons elaboree, nous avons classe le niveau de detail comme suit : neuf niveaux de detail etaient minimes, 27 etaient faibles, 35 etaient faibles a moyens, 107 etaient moyens, 11 etaient moyens a eleves et sept etaient eleves. La sante est mentionnee dans 36 de ces dispositions.Conclusion: Cette analyse indique que les accords internationaux dinvestissement integrent de plus en plus souvent un niveau eleve de details sur les attentes en matiere de responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Ces dispositions constituent un outil potentiel pour renforcer les orientations gouvernementales et la responsabilite des entreprises internationales, notamment en ce qui concerne les objectifs de sante publique des gouvernements.Objetivo: Analizar y clasificar las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial en los acuerdos internacionales de inversion, en especial las inclusiones con referencia a la salud publica.Metodo: Se extrajo de la Base de Datos Electronica de Tratados de Inversion el texto de los acuerdos internacionales de inversion que incluian la responsabilidad social empresarial. Se realizo un analisis documental de las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial y se elaboro una tipologia que clasifica las inclusiones en funcion del nivel de detalle y la referencia a los compromisos internacionales.Resultados: De los 3816acuerdos firmados hasta octubre de 2023, 127acuerdos contienen inclusiones de responsabilidad social empresarial. Desde la primera inclusion de la responsabilidad social empresarial en 2008, el porcentaje de acuerdos firmados cada ano que contienen esta inclusion ha aumentado de manera constante, pasando del 4,6% (4/86) en 2008 al 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 y al 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. Mediante la tipologia que se desarrollo, se categorizo el nivel de detalle de la siguiente manera: nueve fueron minimos, 27 fueron bajos, 35 fueron bajos-medios, 107 fueron medios, 11 fueron medios-altos y siete fueron altos. La salud se menciona en 36 de estas inclusiones.Conclusion: Este analisis indica que los acuerdos internacionales de inversion incorporan cada vez mas un alto nivel de detalle sobre las expectativas en materia de responsabilidad social empresarial de los inversores. Estas disposiciones ofrecen una herramienta potencial para aumentar la orientacion de los gobiernos y la rendicion de cuentas de las empresas mundiales, incluso con respecto a los objetivos de salud publica de los gobiernos.\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c 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\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b: \u0418\u0437 3816\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2023\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, 127\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 2008\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430: \u04414,6%(4/86) \u04322008\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e42,8%(21/49) \u04322018\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 33,3%(3/9) \u04322023\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c- \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, 27- \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439, 35- \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, 107- \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, 11- \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c- \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043236 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.",
-        "output": "Health policy implications of corporate social responsibility provisions in international investment agreements.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Exposure to childhood adversity has been associated with a greater risk for engaging in offending behaviour. Despite this, investigation of the early experiences of incarcerated people, particularly males, remains limited. Based on the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) framework, this review explored the prevalence of 10 early adverse events in males detained to prison. Articles were systematically searched from seven databases, and reference lists. Fifty papers (N = 48,648) were included, primarily from western countries (86%, k = 43). Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated utilising random effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Experiences of sexual abuse were the most frequently studied ACE (80%), yet obtained the lowest prevalence estimates (12%, 95% CI 8-16%). Highest estimates were attained for emotional neglect (38%, 95% CI 28-50%), intimate partner violence (36%, 95% CI 28-44%) and parental separation (36%, 95% CI 24-52%), which were among the least frequently explored (11.8%-31.4%). High heterogeneity was apparent for all ACEs, and not accounted for by country of study. Results indicate early trauma to be pervasive in the lives of incarcerated males, though biases in the evidence may underestimate the true prevalence and nature of ACEs experienced. Further examination of direct maltreatment and household adversities, by multiple intersections, is needed.",
+        "output": "Prevalence of types of adverse childhood experiences in incarcerated males: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Rituals and feasting ceremonies at Polynesian marae depict culturally complex relationships between humans and animals that cannot be explained by subsistence alone. In Central-East Polynesia, this topic still requires the elaboration of a ritual zooarchaeology framework. Using sea turtle assemblages from three sacred sites on Fakahina atoll (Tuamotu), this study offers a preliminary approach to faunal deposits from ritual contexts. Following systematic excavations of marae on Fakahina, analysis aimed to determine whether faunal deposits could be linked with intentional feasting and offering behaviours. To detect how ritual actions were organised through space, skeletal and taphonomic variables were examined for both overall sites and sub-assemblages within sites based on the spatial associations of fauna with site features.At certain site features, derived quantitative units such as %MAU and recovery rate could identify potential offering behaviours through the intentional sorting of culturally significant body parts. The taphonomic signatures of site features could also identify open or closed deposition environments, assisting with the identification of disturbed features as either exposed platforms or enclosed cists. In addition to highlighting previously undocumented complexity in the use of site features, an overall comparison of turtle remains from the three sites shows the potential of these methods to explore variation in ritual practices.Les rituels et festins ceremoniels conduits sur les marae polynesiens refletent des relations hommes-animaux complexes depassant le cadre de la simple subsistance. Neanmoins, ce sujet de recherche en Polynesie centre-orientale requiert l'elaboration d'un cadre d'analyse, autrement dit une archeozoologie du rituel. Se basant sur des assemblages de tortues de trois sites sacres sur l'atoll de Fakahina (archipel des Tuamotu), cette etude cherche a determiner si les depots fauniques peuvent etre mis en rapport avec des comportements de consommation ceremonielle ou d'offrandes. Afin de reconstituer l'organisation spatiale des actions rituelles, nous examinons les variations squelettiques et taphonomiques aux echelles inter et intra-sites.Dans certaines structures, les analyses quantitatives (Minimal Animal Unit, Recovery rate) ont permis d'identifier des comportements rituels au travers du depot intentionnel de parties importantes de l'animal. Les signatures taphonomiques contribuent egalement a distinguer des environnements de depot ouverts ou fermes. Cette etude revele non seulement une complexite de gestes jusqu'a present pas documentes archeologiquement, mais aussi le potentiel de notre approche pour explorer les variations de pratiques rituelles entre sites.",
-        "output": "Turtles for the ancestors: A zooarchaeological study of ritual deposits on Fakahina, Tuamotu archipelago (French Polynesia)",
+        "input": "Abstract: Within the framework of the CNRS/Ministry of Culture Notre-Dame Scientific Workshop, the Acoustics Working Group presents the work of the soundscape archaeology axis and, more precisely, the proposal for the restitution of the soundscape of the Notre-Dame construction site from 1170 to 1182. This is part of the work of its third mission: historical mission >>. This article presents the first steps necessary to reconstruct a soundscape that may have existed at the very beginning of the construction of Notre-Dame (1163-1170) (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.",
+        "output": "Study and analysis of the sound environment of the Notre-Dame construction site between the 12th and 18th centuries",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Wind turbines are one of the leading renewable sources of electricity. They are located in areas where the energy potential of the wind is high and more or less permanent. Their efficient operation depends on certain technical characteristics of the entire wind system (wind turbines, generator, automation system, regulation, and control). This paper analyses experimental data from wind turbines, WT, in the Dobrogea area: wind speed, v, velocity, n, and power, PEG, at the electric generator, EG. These are used to identify the local maxima of wind turbine power at different wind speeds. Based on this, a mathematical model for wind turbines and the power losses caused by inefficient control are determined. The mathematical model is used to visualize the maximum energy zones. At the end of this study, an algorithm is given that allows for the visualization of the optimal energy zone. The algorithm resulting from the analyzed case studies can be implemented by the control system in order to maximize the produced electricity with any variation in wind speed.",
-        "output": "Visualizing the Maximum Energy Zone of Wind Turbines Operating at Time-Varying Wind Speeds",
+        "input": "Abstract: From diagnosis and disclosure to leading change, two neurodivergent researchers recount their experiences setting up peer support networks at their universities.",
+        "output": "How we stepped up to support others",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Military statues are being attacked and removed in multiple countries, but there is little analytic work on the associated reasons. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of outdoor military statues in a case study country (New Zealand) and identify reasons for attacks. Of the 118 statues identified, 11 (9%) of these had been physically attacked. A key risk factor for statue attack was it being linked to the colonial-era New Zealand Wars versus any other specific war (75% vs 8%, p = .003). This finding fitted with other evidence from attacks on statues of named New Zealanders (e.g. politicians) and on attacks of other types of monuments to these particular wars. It is also consistent with past and persisting injustices experienced by the Indigenous M & amacr;ori population. In conclusion, some of the attacks on the military statues in this country appear to reflect social injustices and harm from colonialism.",
-        "output": "Why Do People Attack Military Statues? A National Survey in New Zealand",
+        "input": "Abstract: Fact-checking initiatives have rapidly expanded worldwide with the overall aim of assessing the veracity of factual claims made in public. In this paper, we critique how the objectivity norm informs the current role perception of fact-checkers and suggest ways to reinterpret this perception through rhetorical argumentation theory. First, we point to research literature on fact-checking as a site in which role perceptions of fact-checkers and epistemological ideals are represented, (re)created and contested, marking out an objectivist role perception. Second, we highlight recent contributions from scholars who, like us, have noticed tensions between the objectivist role perception and role performances of fact-checkers and constructively recommended different ways of working around these tensions. In dialogue with these suggestions, we propose that rhetorical argumentation theory can be considered a supplementary resource to further advance epistemological discussions on the role perception of fact-checkers. In addition, the vocabulary from rhetorical argumentation theory holds potential for methodological operationalisation to guide the future role performances of fact-checkers. Finally, to develop our suggestion further, we propose a new research agenda embracing action-oriented research as an integrated way of developing fact-checkers' role and practise together with practitioners.",
+        "output": "And That's a Fact: A Rhetorical Perspective on the Role of Fact-Checkers",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Background Veterans who need post-acute home health care (HHC) are at risk for adverse outcomes and unmet social needs. Veterans' social needs could be identified and met by community-based HHC clinicians due to their unique perspective from the home environment, acuity of Veterans they serve, and access to Veterans receiving community care. To understand these needs, we explored clinician, Veteran, and care partner perspectives to understand Veterans' social needs during the transition from hospital to home with skilled HHC.Methods Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient & community HHC clinicians, Veterans, and care partners who have significant roles facilitating Veterans' hospital to home with HHC transition. To inform implementation of a care coordination quality improvement intervention, participants were asked about VHA and HHC care coordination and Veterans' social needs during these transitions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis and results were organized deductively according to relevant transitional care domains (Discharge Planning, Transition to Home, and HHC Delivery).Results We conducted 35 interviews at 4 VHA Medical Centers located in Western, Midwestern, and Southern U.S. regions during March 2021 through July 2022. We organized results by the three care transition domains and related themes by VHA, HHC, or Veteran/care partner perspective. Our themes included (1) how social needs affected access to HHC, (2) the need for social needs screening during hospitalization, (3) delays in HHC for Veterans discharged from community hospitals, and (4) a need for closed-loop communication between VHA and HHC to report social needs.Conclusions HHC is an underexplored space for Veterans social needs detection. While this research is preliminary, we recommend two steps forward from this work: (1) develop closed-loop communication and education pathways with HHC and (2) develop a partnership to integrate a social risk screener into HHC pathways.",
-        "output": "Perspectives on supporting Veterans' social needs during hospital to home health transitions: findings from the Transitions Nurse Program",
+        "input": "Abstract: Incomprehension of and resistance to contemporaneous art have been constant features in the development of modern art. The predictive coding framework can be used to analyse this response by outlining the difference between the misunderstanding of (i) contemporary conceptual/minimalist art and (ii) early modern avant-garde art and by elucidating their underlying cognitive mechanisms. In both of these cases, incomprehension and its behavioural consequences are tied to the failure of the optimal prediction error (PE) minimization that is involved in the perception of such art works. In the case of contemporary conceptual/minimalist art the failure stems from the fact that the encounter results in non-salient visual sensations and generates no PE. In early modern avant-garde art, the occasional inability of viewers to recognize pictorial content using new pictorial conventions reflected the absence of suitable priors to explain away ambiguous sensory data. The capacity to recognize pictorial content in modernist painting, as a prerequisite for a satisfying encounter with such works and ultimately a wider acceptance of new artistic styles, required an updating of a number of expectations in order to optimize the fit between priors and sensations, from low-level perceptual priors to the development of higher-level, culturally determined expectations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.",
+        "output": "A hole in a piece of cardboard and predictive brain: the incomprehension of modern art in the light of the predictive coding paradigm",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This article illustrates how changes in the sediment source, tempering strategies, and shaping process in early Neolithic earthen architecture in Asikli Hoyuk have a major impact on many aspects of techno-environmental know-how traces. Archaeological micromorphology analyses of sun-dried mudbricks (in Turkey, called a specific term: kerpic), mortars, daub, and their paleoenvironmental contexts were used to examine the tempo and modes of exploitation of the local environment, and chaine operatoire of kerpic and mortar recipes, and the possible reasons behind the relationships among material choices, building forms, and wall construction techniques of the earlier inhabitants in Central Anatolia during the establishment of the early settlement, i.e., 8400-7750 BCE. The nature of and changes in the built environment can be traced especially through the mortar recipes that provide various insights into the agro-pastoral activities at the site, including middens, open areas, and penning deposits. During the early Neolithic occupation at Asikli Hoyuk, vegetal tempering occurred as a micro-invention and was developed in relation to the management of fecal and domestic waste used in construction materials. Furthermore, the variability of tempering strategies can be regarded as a cognitive development that resulted from the long-term learning and experimentation background of the Asikli people in kerpic production. The main motivation behind these changes and testing of the recipes was the need for more durable and long-lasting construction of earthen buildings as used by this early sedentary community in the region.",
-        "output": "Kerpi\u00e7 production and environmental dynamics in an early sedentary community: micromorphological evidence from A\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 H\u00f6y\u00fck, Central Anatolia (Turkey)",
+        "input": "Abstract: This research analyses the common features of the methodology used by fact-checkers of the #CoronaVirusFacts alliance. By using a mixed approach together with content analysis, this study offers an in-depth exploration and census of all fact-checkers worldwide regarding the methodology they use to carry out their task, in addition to the following proposed work phases: a) identification and selection of information -criteria and technique used; b) research and verification; c) drafting and publication of fact-checked information; and d) transparency process and correction policy. The conclusion reached is that the pandemic has intensified the activity and interaction among the platforms that comprise the #CoronaVirusFacts alliance, which has established this network as a professional association that fully complies with standard codes of ethics. Transparent funding and a strong commitment to impartiality are the qualities embodied by these micro-media verifiers, who are mostly independent. Moreover, they use a variety of sources to cross-check information. This research is part of the R&D&I project on disinformation (Impact of disinformation on journalism: content, professional routines and audiences (DESINFOPER) PID2019-108956RB-I00), which highlights the need to study the inner workings of verification processes worldwide in order to build public trust in these fact-checkers, and to transfer their work and best practices to similar platforms.",
+        "output": "The Methodology Used by Fact-Checkers. An In-Depth Analysis of Commonly Used Strategies",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: This paper explores the professionalisation and performance aspects of Airbnb hosts in rural regions in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. More specifically, based upon the professionalisation of hosts, which represents a proxy for the scale of their entrepreneurial engagement, the host landscape in the rural regions is investigated, resulting in different host profiles, including individual single- and multiple-listing hosts, and small and large tourism companies. The paper subsequently estimates the service quality performance of Airbnb hosts in relation to their professionalisation in rural regions through a u-shaped relationship, with the professionalisation influencing the performance evaluation of the hosts by the users. This twofold empirical analysis amends the extant literature, as it provides both a more nuanced and more comprehensive description of the nature and scale of Airbnb host engagement in rural regions, and points to the vast entrepreneurial opportunities for private households and companies on the platform.",
-        "output": "Professionalisation and performance of Airbnb hosts in rural regions",
+        "input": "Abstract: Experts have always played an important role in heritage planning, practice, and theory. There is a wealth of literature published every year regarding heritage and its cultural significance. Experts also contribute to heritage planning and developing policy documents. Still, literature is rarely used as a source of primary research to systematically reveal and compare experts' opinions on the cultural significance of built heritage. Analyzing them as a whole is costly and time-consuming, especially on built heritage, when much has been written about. While the automation of methods has proven to mitigate such restrictions in other fields, as digital humanities, their application in heritage planning, practice, and theory is still scarce. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the potentials of AI models (e.g., multi label text classification) in analyzing scientific documents, revealing the cultural significance of built heritage, values and attributes. This was done to better understand the similarities and differences between the experts' opinions. Yazd, Iran, is taken a case study, with a particular focus on windcatchers, a key attribute conveying cultural significance, of outstanding universal value, due to its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This paper has three subsequent phases: 1) state of the art on the application of AI in heritage planning; 2) methodology of data collection and data analysis related to coding values and attributes of windcatchers, addressed in relevant documents; 3) preliminary findings on the experts' opinions over values and attributes of windcatchers. Results contribute to the scientific discussion, revealing the cultural significance of windcatchers of Yazd from experts' point of view. Besides, the potential of AI for heritage planning is revealed in terms of (de)coding and measuring the cultural significance of built heritage from the available documents, showing the opinions of experts with various backgrounds. This model can be applied to other key attributes in Yazd and other case studies and scales to support heritage planning, practice, and theory. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
+        "output": "Capturing experts' knowledge in heritage planning enhanced by AI: A case study of windcatchers in Yazd, Iran",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Constituent rocks of Cultural Heritage monuments and buildings are of mixed mineral compositions. For materials with homogeneous color properties, colorimetric evaluation is a well-established task. The colorimetric similarity of heterogeneous surfaces is difficult to measure due to the uneven distribution of minerals with different colors. The present work proposes a methodology for color difference calculation, exemplified on granite samples. The methodology proposed includes a technique to divide the rock images into color profiles using multivariate analysis and clustering. The differences between rock samples are evaluated (i) in average color profile distances, (ii) in the tone difference, and (iii) in the color profile distribution on the surface. The method proposed is appropriate for in-situ measurements using widely available digital imaging. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )",
-        "output": "Colorimetric similarity evaluation methodology for heterogeneous rock surfaces using digital imaging",
+        "input": "Abstract: Prominent research programs dealing with the nature and mechanisms of interpersonal social coordination have emerged in cognitive science, developmental psychology and evolutionary anthropology. I argue that the mechanistic approach to explanation in contemporary philosophy of science can facilitate interdisciplinary integration and division of labor between these different disciplinary research programs. By distinguishing phenomenal models from mechanistic models and structural decomposition from functional decomposition in the process of mechanism discovery, I argue that behavioral and cognitive scientists can make interlocking contributions to families of mechanism models representing a) what central forms of interpersonal social coordination consist in, b) what types of agents engage in such forms of coordination, c) what types of cognitive mechanisms give rise to such forms of coordination, d) how the operation of such mechanisms is modulated by the natural and social environments that the agents populate. Thus mechanistic philosophy of science can play a heuristic role in guiding the research strategies of scientists in different scientific disciplines in a manner that is complementary to the research strategies of scientists in other disciplines and thereby efficient from the point of view of the division of epistemic labor.",
+        "output": "Mechanistic Explanation, Interdisciplinary Integration and Interpersonal Social Coordination",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized as a chronic condition that was first outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and now the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. It encompasses frequent opioid usage, cravings, the development of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, unsuccessful attempts to quit or reduce use, and recurrent use even when faced with negative consequences. Both national- and state-level data show that overdose deaths associated with prescription opioids are increasing at an alarming rate. The increasing overdose deaths from illicitly manufactured fentanyl and other synthetic opioids compound this epidemic's burden. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with OUD in North Carolina. Methods: Using the State Inpatient Database, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to identify OUD-related discharges between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive statistics and rates of OUD per 1000 discharges were calculated. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with increased odds of having an opioid use disorder diagnosis at discharge. The deviance-Pearson goodness of fit statistic was also used. Variables were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes in the discharge records. Results: Of 19,370,483 hospitalizations that occurred between 2000 and 2020 in North Carolina, 483,250 were associated with OUD, a prevalence rate of 24.9 cases per 1000 discharges. The highest OUD rates were seen among adults who self-paid for their hospitalization, those with Medicaid, and those with other types of payors such as Workers' Compensation and the Indian Health Service; individuals between 25 and 54 years old; tobacco and alcohol users; Native American patients; patients located in urban areas; patients with lower household income; White patients; and female patients. OUD also was associated with increased odds of having one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders when controlling for other factors. Conclusions: Although preventive measures are crucial, including policies that discourage prescribing opioids for noncancer pain and those that target the manufacturing and distribution of synthetic opioids, providing integrated care for patients with OUD and co-occurring psychiatric and/or physical disorders is equally important. These findings suggest the need for a system-wide public health response focused on the expansion of primary prevention and treatment efforts, including crisis services, harm reduction services, and recovery programs.",
-        "output": "Opioid Use Disorder among Hospitalized Adults in North Carolina: Analysis from the 2000-2020 NC State Inpatient Database",
+        "input": "Abstract: Automaticity, an essential skill attribute, develops when an activity is performed without requiring attention. Despite its importance, little is known about the implications of automaticity in the construction industry. To address this gap, this study investigated the development of automaticity during a repetitive construction task. Recruiting 28 subjects to participate in a laboratory roofing-installation experiment repeated across four trial days, this study examined traditional metrics of the primary (installation) task's duration and accuracy as well as nontraditional metrics of a concurrent secondary (memory) task's score to examine performance measures diagnostically indicative of automaticity. The results revealed that there were significant improvements in the primary task's mean duration and accuracy and the secondary task's mean performance score from the experiment's first trial day to every other day, an indication that, with repeated practice, automaticity-induced performance improves. Because these automatic performance measures provide an index for evaluating feature-based improvements indicative of automaticity, this study argues that such performance measures capture automaticity developing during repetitive construction activities. Given that practitioners are interested in training workers to achieve automaticity to increase their productivity and multitasking skills, the results of this study provide methods for testing training effectiveness and the extent to which workers have developed automaticity.",
+        "output": "Application of Automaticity Theory in Construction",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023.DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design.SETTING: South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique.MEASUREMENT: Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder.CONCLUSION: HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.",
-        "output": "Prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South Gondar zone primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.",
+        "input": "Abstract: PURPOSE: Given the increasing significance and potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on health care delivery, there is an increasing demand to integrate AI into medical school curricula. This study aimed to define medical AI competencies and identify the essential competencies for medical graduates in South Korea.METHOD: An initial Delphi survey conducted in 2022 involving 4 groups of medical AI experts (n = 28) yielded 42 competency items. Subsequently, an online questionnaire survey was carried out with 1,955 participants (1,174 students and 781 professors) from medical schools across South Korea, utilizing the list of 42 competencies developed from the first Delphi round. A subsequent Delphi survey was conducted with 33 medical educators from 21 medical schools to differentiate the essential AI competencies from the optional ones.RESULTS: The study identified 6 domains encompassing 36 AI competencies essential for medical graduates: (1) understanding digital health and changes driven by AI; (2) fundamental knowledge and skills in medical AI; (3) ethics and legal aspects in the use of medical AI; (4) medical AI application in clinical practice; (5) processing, analyzing, and evaluating medical data; and (6) research and development of medical AI, as well as subcompetencies within each domain. While numerous competencies within the first 4 domains were deemed essential, a higher percentage of experts indicated responses in the last 2 domains, data science and medical AI research and development, were optional.CONCLUSIONS: This medical AI framework of 6 competencies and their subcompetencies for medical graduates exhibits promising potential for guiding the integration of AI into medical curricula. Further studies conducted in diverse contexts and countries are necessary to validate and confirm the applicability of these findings. Additional research is imperative for developing specific and feasible educational models to integrate these proposed competencies into pre-existing curricula.",
+        "output": "Defining Medical AI Competencies for Medical School Graduates: Outcomes of a Delphi Survey and Medical Student/Educator Questionnaire of South Korean Medical Schools.",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: Fagus sylvatica L. is among the most competitive trees in European temperate deciduous forests on well-drained but not too dry soils and is known to be a major species in the mature stages of natural succession over large areas. However, even under favourable conditions, it is often sporadic or even absent from present-day stands whereas Quercus spp. are dominant. Based on written sources, the predominance of Quercus spp. has been identified as a potential heritage of historical management. To test the hypothesis that past human practices caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus spp. on well-drained soils, we carried out a soil charcoal analysis on current mature Quercus spp. stands in 19 forest sites of the Lorraine Plateau in northeastern France. 'Megacharcoal' assemblages were extracted from soil trenches and taxonomically identified. Our results, based on more than 5600 charcoal pieces, identified 19 taxa and showed the presence of Quercus and Fagus in all sites. Quercus was dominant, followed by Carpinus and Fagus, as it is today in the on-site forests, except for Fagus, which is not observed in any of the studied stands. Other taxa, such as Prunus, Populus, Betula, were present at lower abundances, occurring in only a few sampling sites. The 71 radiocarbon dates indicated that i) a Fagus forest had been in place during the Bronze Age, without any dated oak pieces found; ii) Quercus became common from the end of the Bronze Age, iii) and was mixed with Fagus from the middle of the Iron Age. These results provide a new evidence that historical forest management in western Europe caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus, and therefore the manipulation of forest stand species composition started during the Bronze Age.",
-        "output": "Are western European oak forests man-made constructs? The pedoanthracological perspective",
+        "input": "Abstract: The urban planning evolution of Jaffa has been significantly shaped by political dynamics and conflict. Before 1948, Jaffa exhibited a diverse population and a distinctive urban layout reflective of its unique character. The British and Arab vision of the time aimed to expand and modernize Jaffa's urban fabric; however, the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 led to a reevaluation of urban plans to accommodate a growing Jewish population and their vision for a modern city. Focusing on specific neighbourhoods, this article delves into the intricate interplay of social, political, and economic forces that have shaped Jaffa's urban structure, planning strategies, and development outcomes. Through this examination, valuable insights emerge, shedding light on the role of planning in shaping the social fabric of cities navigating significant historical and geopolitical transitions. The article emphasizes the delicate balance between modernization imperatives and the preservation of cultural heritage, underscoring the significance of fostering social inclusion and pursuing equitable development.",
+        "output": "The urban planning transformation of Jaffa: pre and post-1948 perspectives",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     },
     {
         "instruction": "Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. ",
-        "input": "Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increasing elderly population has led to a growing demand for healthcare services. A hospital at home treatment model offers an alternative to standard hospital admission, with the potential to reduce readmission and healthcare consumption while improving patients' quality of life. However, there is little evidence regarding hospital at home treatment in a Danish setting. This article describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing standard hospital admission to hospital at home treatment. The main aim of the intervention is to reduce 30-day acute readmission after discharge and improve the quality of life of elderly acute patients.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 849 elderly acute patients will be randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either the control or intervention group in the trial. The control group will receive standard hospital treatment in a hospital emergency department while the intervention group will receive treatment at home. The primary outcomes of the trial are the rate of 30-day acute readmission and quality of life, assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5-Level instrument. Primary analyses are based on the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes are basic functional mobility, resource use in healthcare, primary and secondary healthcare cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the mortality rate 3months after discharge.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The RCT was approved by the Ethical Committee, Central Denmark Region (no. 1-10-72-67-20). Results will be presented at relevant national and international meetings and conferences and will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, we plan to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders in the Danish healthcare system.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05360914.",
-        "output": "Hospital at home for elderly acute patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.",
+        "input": "Abstract: Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain's healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through protection of moral freedoms and patients' rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied.",
+        "output": "Guidelines for conscientious objection in Spain: a proposal involving prerequisites and protocolized procedure",
         "system": "",
         "history": []
     }