test.json

[
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6e20\u9053\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff1a\uff08\u5546\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff09\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u3002\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u5230\u5916\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5185\u6d88\u8d39\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5546\u54c1\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u751f\u4ea7\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\u3002",
        "output": "Any economy is linked to the rest of the world through two broad channels: trade (in goods and services) and finance. The trade linkage means that some of a country\u2019s production is exported to foreign countries, while some goods that are consumed or invested at home are produced abroad and imported.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u592b\u5144\u5f1f\u5a5a\u548c\u59bb\u59d0\u59b9\u5a5a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u592b\u5144\u5f1f\u5a5a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u5df2\u6545\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u6216\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002",
        "output": "The widespread institutions of levirate and sororate are explainable by this theory also. In the levirate a man marries the wife or wives of his deceased brother.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8d44\u6599\u4e09\u89d2\u6821\u6b63\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f15\u5165\u591a\u79cd\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u8005\u4e09\u89d2\u6821\u6b63\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u96c7\u7528\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e09\u89d2\u6821\u6b63\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7528\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u89c6\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u6821\u6b63\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002",
        "output": "Researchers concerned with data triangulation draw on various sources of data in the research process. Investigator triangulation refers to the employment of several researchers or evaluators in a study. Theory triangulation involves researchers using several theories or perspectives to analyse data. Methodological triangulation involves researchers using several methods to gather data relevant to a study.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u77e5\u89c9\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u677f\u6216\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u590d\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fa8\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5df1\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002",
        "output": "An information processing theory of perception is template matching, which holds that people store templates, or miniature copies of stimuli, in LTM. When they encounter a stimulus, they compare it with existing templates and identify the stimulus if a match is found.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u7740\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\u5462\uff1f\u73b0\u91d1\u6d41\u91cf\u8d34\u73b0\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5e74\u4efd\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u5e94\u8be5\u8d34\u73b0\u5230\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u73b0\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5229\u7387\u4e3a10%\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u7684110\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u7684100\u7f8e\u5143\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u5c06100\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee510%\u7684\u5229\u7387\u8d37\u653e\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8d37\u653e\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97110\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5382\u5546\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u5230\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u5229\u7387\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u73b0\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u503c\u662f\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002",
        "output": "Should the project be undertaken? Discounted cash flow analysis says that the revenues received in later years should be discounted to the present in order to calculate their present value. If the interest rate is 10 percent, $110 a year from now is worth the same as $100 now. Why? Because if $100 is lent out today at 10 percent, a year from now the lender will end up with $110. To calculate the value of the project, the firm calculates the project's present discounted value at the interest rate at which it can borrow. If the present value is positive, the project is undertaken.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u770b\u505a\u662f\u552f\u7269\u8bba\uff0c\u770b\u505a\u662f\u7167\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u548c\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u770b\u505a\u5c55\u89c8\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u548c\u6807\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u666f\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5176\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4f53\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002",
        "output": "The first group sees life as materialistic, as monuments and temples in photographs or as artifacts and specimens on exhibit. This view is informed by an evolutionary or similar schema that takes a panoramic, or macro, view. The second group is more concerned with a microcosm: the meaning of life to individual actors in their cultural context and the subtleties of social relationships.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5149\u7167\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u56de\u5230\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u60f3\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8be5\u88ab\u6db5\u62ec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7f16\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u660e\u6670\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u4f7f\u5b83\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7167\u7247\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u827a\u6728\u3001\u975e\u865a\u6784\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u201c\u65b0\u65b0\u95fb\u5199\u4f5c\u201d\u3001\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4ece\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u5173\u6ce8\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u518d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u8bf4\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u7684\u8fd9\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002",
        "output": "In this spirit, let me turn to the present volume. Everyone will be able to think of individuals or perspectives that should have been included. The volume's focus limits it in ways its authors and editors can only begin to make apparent. Readers may note that its anthropological bias neglects photography, film, performance theory, documentary art, the nonfiction novel, \"the new journalism,\" oral history, and various forms of sociology. The book gives relatively little attention to new ethnographic possibilities emerging from non-Western experience and from feminist theory and politics. Let me dwell on this last exclusion, for it concerns an especially strong intellectual and moral influence in the university milieux from which these essays have sprung.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4f46\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u6216\u5229\u606f\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u62ef\u6551\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u6811\u6728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u7ecf\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u662f\u73af\u5883\u7ecf\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7ecf\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u4f53\u7cfb\u529d\u8bf4\u516c\u53f8\u6e05\u9664\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\u3002",
        "output": "But a growing number are choosing to use their skills not to track inflation or interest rates but to rescue rivers and trees. These are the \u201cgreen economists,\u201d more formally known as environmental economists, who use economic arguments and systems to persuade companies to clean up pollution and to help conserve natural areas.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u95ee\u5377\u4e0a\u7559\u51fa\u7a7a\u767d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u7ed9\u4e88\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8db3\u591f\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u95ee\u5377\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u56de\u7b54\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002",
        "output": "The above response sets are described as closed, because the answers have been predeter mined. Another type of question is the open-ended question, and it is posed with space on the questionnaire or sufficient time for the respondent to reply. The open-ended question might be analysed using content analysis procedures described in chapter 3, or the responses might be reduced to categories and numerically coded and analysed.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8fdb\u5165\u9752\u94dc\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u5de5\u5177\u4ecd\u7136\u7528\u6728\u3001\u77f3\u3001\u89d2\u3001\u9aa8\u5236\u9020\uff08\u56fe41\uff09\uff0c\u9752\u94dc\u5374\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u5175\u5668\u3001\u793c\u5668\uff08\u98df\u5668\u3001\u9152\u5668\u548c\u4e50\u5668\uff09\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\u548c\u65a7\u3001\u952f\u3001\u51ff\u7b49\u6728\u5de5\u7528\u5177\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u6728\u5236\u6218\u8f66\u8fd9\u79cd\u9752\u94dc\u65f6\u4ee3\u6700\u6709\u5a01\u6151\u529b\u7684\u6218\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002",
        "output": "While agricultural implements continued to be made of stone, wood, antler, and bone during the Bronze Age (Figure 41), bronze was used conspicuously for the manufacturing of weapons, ritual paraphernalia (food vessels, wine vessels, and musical instruments), some ornaments, and such carpenter's tools as the ax, adz, and chisel. The carpenter's tools were presumably necessary for the construction of wooden chariots, which were the most formidable weapon of the Bronze Age.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u5316\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u673a\u6784\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u4e8e\u5185\u805a\u529b\u548c\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u5408\u673a\u6784\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u6784\u3002",
        "output": "The differentiation of structure, the specialization of function, of civil society required a special mechanism to co-ordinate the various segments and classes of society and to integrate them into a coherent and effective whole. Such an integrative mechanism was produced. It was the \"State-Church/' i.e., a mechanism having temporal and ecclesiastical aspects.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u654f\u611f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u9053\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u5112\u5b66(\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u751f\u6001\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u780d\u4f10\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u6076\u5316\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u73af\u5883\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u770b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002",
        "output": "The Chinese may have ecologically sensitive traditions of Tao, Buddhism, and Confucianism (traditions of thought which have played an important role in promoting an \"ecological consciousness\" in the west) but the historical geography of deforestation, land degradation, river erosion, and flooding in China contains not a few environmental events which would be regarded as catastrophes by modern-day standards.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u4f7f\u751f\u4ea7\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4f4e\u6d41\u52a8\u7387\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u652f\u4ed8\u6548\u7387\u5de5\u8d44\u5bf9\u798f\u7279\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002",
        "output": "Thus, while assembly lines made production more efficient, they also raised the importance of low worker turnover, high worker effort, and high worker quality. As a result, paying efficiency wages may have been a better strategy for the Ford Motor Company than for other businesses at the time.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u795e\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u4eec\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u5e45\u9ed1\u4eba\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e00\u675f\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u675f\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u3002\u5916\u5ef6\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u73b0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002",
        "output": "On one level, the meaning of popular cultural signs is self-evident. They are what they are or what they appear to be, an advert, a photo of a black soldier, a bunch of roses and so on. They denote something to us, they present it to us as a matter of fact: this is a photo of a soldier, an advert, a bunch of roses. Denotation refers to those things which appear to us as natural and which we can take for granted.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6211\u8bf4\u201c\u5b59\u5b50\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u8bf4\u201c\u513f\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a,\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u7cfb\u540e\u4ee3\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u5e03\u83b1\u5e0c\u7279\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u758f\u79bb\u6548\u679c\u201d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002",
        "output": "I say 'grandchild' rather than 'child', because the more direct offspring of the Formalists were the socialist artists of the German Weimar Republic \u2014Bertolt Brecht among them \u2014who employed such 'estrangement effects' to political ends.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u7840\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5761\u5ea6\u8dd1\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u8dd1\u8005\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u5229\u8fea\u4e9a\u5fb7\u7684\u201c\u5f39\u7c27\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u672c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u4e3a\u8dd1\u8005\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u57284\u5468\u7684\u5761\u5ea6\u8dd1\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5229\u8fea\u4e9a\u5fb7\u8bad\u7ec3\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8dd1\u8005\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8dd1\u9053\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u95f4\u6b47\u8dd1\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u671f\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u5e26\u7ed9\u8dd1\u8005\u6700\u4f73\u8fd0\u52a8\u8868\u73b0\u3002",
        "output": "Following this base-building phase came a month of hill work during which runners used a form Lydiard called \u201cspringing.\u201d This was a kind of bounding that prepared runners for the speed phases of the program. After 4 weeks of hill training, Lydiard\u2019s runners moved on to traditional speed work, running intervals on a track, followed by a peaking period that was intended to bring them to their best possible performance.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\u94fe\u6e90\u81ea\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u7ecf-\u808c\u8089\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8be5\u58f0\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u542c\u8bdd\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u89e3\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u539f\u610f\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d77\u6765\u8981\u96be\u4e8e\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u542c\u8bdd\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002",
        "output": "As we saw, the speech chain starts with a speaker who, through some complicated set of neuromuscular processes, produces an acoustic signal that represents a thought, idea, or message to be conveyed to a listener, who must then decode the signal to arrive at a similar message. It is more difficult to devise experiments that provide information about how the speaker proceeds than to do so for the listener's side of the process.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u975e\u4efb\u610f\u6837\u672c\u5355\u5143(Nonarbitrary sample units)\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u533a\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5c0f\u73af\u5883(microenvironment)\uff0c\u6216\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u4f53(cultural entities)\u2014\u2014\u5982\u623f\u95f4\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u9057\u5740(\u56fe4.13)\u3002",
        "output": "Nonarbitrary sample units correspond either to natural areas, such as microenvironments, or to cultural entities, such as rooms, houses, or sites (Fig. 4.13).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u73b0\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u90fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08Patterson 1986a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94(Shanks and Tilley 1987a\uff1a31)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u5458\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u8bb8\u591a\u8003\u53e4\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8003\u53e4\u6750\u6599\u3002",
        "output": "Many now maintained that archaeologists, both individually and collectively, were influenced in their interpretations, largely unconsciously, by their social milieu (Patterson 1986a). This was not a simple belief that all archaeologists reacted in the same way to a particular set of social conditions (Shanks and Tilley 1987a: 31). Yet it was widely believed that shared class membership or political loyalties encouraged large numbers of archaeologists, but not necessarily all of them, to interpret archaeological data from a similar perspective.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5bcc\u9976\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u65b0\u6708\u72b6\u5730\u533a\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6d77\u6ee8\u57ce\u5e02\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u738b\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u96c6\u6563\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u5174\u76db\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u572814\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c15\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08Abu-Lughod\uff0c1989; Chaudhuri\uff0c 1985; Snow\uff0c 1988\uff09\uff09\u3002",
        "output": "Over the same period, seaborne networks of trade flourished between the Islamic lands of the fertile crescent and Arabia, the coastal city-states of India, African kingdoms and Arab entrepots on the east coast of Africa. In the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries these trade networks connected directly with China itself so that in the premodern era trading networks had developed linking Europe, Asia and Africa (Abu-Lughod, 1989; Chaudhuri, 1985; Snow, 1988).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u963f\u591a\u8bfa\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u5148\u950b\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u901a\u4fd7\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u6839\u636e\u963f\u591a\u8bfa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u6216\u5148\u950b\u97f3\u4e50\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u97f3\u4e50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u4ece\u4e50\u66f2\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u83b8\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002",
        "output": "The contrasts which Adorno draws between classical and avant-garde music on the one hand, and popular music on the other, allow him to extend this argument. According to Adorno, with classical or avant-garde music, every detail acquires its musical sense from the totality of the piece, and its place within that totality.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6210\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u89c4\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u5728\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\uff09\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u6cd5\u5047\u5b9a\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u91ca\u4e49\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u5373\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b66\u751f\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bcdmaison (\u623f\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5047 \u5b9a\u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u91ca\u4e49\u8bcd\u201c\u623f\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053maison\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002",
        "output": "It is often difficult for adults to learn a second language without formal instruction, even when they have lived for an extended period in a country where the language is spoken. (Second language acquisition is discussed in more detAn introduction to language in chapter 8.) Teaching grammars assume that the student already knows one language and compares the grammar of the target language with the grammar of the native language. The meaning of a word is provided by a gloss\u2014the parallel word in the student\u2019s native language, such as maison, \u201chouse\u201d in French. It is assumed that the student knows the meaning of the gloss \u201chouse,\u201d and so also the meaning of the word maison.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6784\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u62fc\u56fe\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7247\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5404\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u94bb\u77f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u56fd\u5185\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u56fd\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u60c5\u5f62\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6536\u8d2d\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5174\u8d77\u7b49\u7b49\u3002",
        "output": "The final element necessary to complete the picture is government. Government, at all levels, can improve or detract from the national advantage. This role is seen most clearly by examining how policies influence each of the determinants. Antitrust policy affects domestic rivalry. Regulation can alter home demand conditions. Investments in education can change factor conditions. Government purchases can stimulate related and supporting industries.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u50a8\u84c4\u8005\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8de8\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8de8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u8d2d\u4e70XYZ\u516c\u53f8100\u80a1\u80a1\u4efd\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u5982\u8d2d\u4e70\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u91d1\u4efd\u989d\u6216\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u5b58\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u652f\u7968\u8d26\u6237\uff09\u5219\u7ecf\u7531\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002",
        "output": "Savers and investors transfer funds across time, space, and sectors through financial markets and financial intermediaries. Some flows (such as buying 100 shares of XYZ) go directly through financial markets, while others (such as purchasing shares of mutual funds or depositing money in your checking account) go through financial intermediaries.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u4eba\u9645\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ea7\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u6fc0\u53d1\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u6280\u80fd\uff08conceptual skills)\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u60f3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55 \u9002\u5e94\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002",
        "output": "Managers with good human skills get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. Finally, conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment. These skills are most important to top managers.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5404\u5927\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5404\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u574f\u5883\u548c\u672c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5217\u5f3a\u6bd4\u5176\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e00\u65e6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6709\u6548\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002",
        "output": "With the consolidation of Europe\u2019s global reach, civilizations, empires and nations around the globe became significantly interrelated in terms of their security and survival. The prospects for peace in each part of the world were no longer determined solely by local circumstances or local decision-makers but were increasingly contingent on the complex dynamics of global power relations and developments across interconnected sites of military and political decision-making. While the great powers had the capacity to exercise greater control over their strategic environment than subordinate states, every region was enmeshed in a global system of military and security relations which, lacking effective mechanisms of conflict resolution, was subject to severe and uncontrollable crisis tendencies with potentially catastrophic consequences.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6b63\u5982\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u548c\u6469\u6839\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u5df4\u5c14\u7b49\uff081995)\u5728\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u808c\u8089\u529f\u7387\u548c\u8010\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8bad\u7ec3\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\uff085~30\u79d2\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u6781\u9650\u6216\u6b21\u6781\u9650\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9a91\u8f66\u6216\u8dd1\u6b65\u3002",
        "output": "In adults, numerous intervention studies have demonstrated trainability of muscle power and endurance, as reviewed by Skinner and Morgan (1985) and by Inbar et al. (1995). Training regimens have spanned various approaches, but the common denominator has been the use of repetitions of short-term (e.g. 5-30 s) activities such as cycling or running at maximal or near-maximal intensity.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6d1b\u514b\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u65e2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5728\u9047\u5230\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u6001\u201d\uff08Ellmann 1977: 1\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u503e\u5411\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6001\u5ea6\u72b6\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d9\u4e8b\u7ed3\u6784 (Flanagan 1992: 213)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff1a\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u8eaf\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002",
        "output": "To elaborate upon Locke, consciousness may be defined as denoting: \"the movement of the mind both in recognizing its own shape and in maintaining that shape in the face of attack or change\" (Ellmann 1977:1). It includes sensations, perceptions, moods, emotions, propositional-attitudinal states, and narrative structures (Flanagan 1992:213), and it is embodied: there can be no mind without a body.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u52b3\u8d44\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u79ef\u7d2f/\u8d2c\u503c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5371\u673a\u8d8b\u52bf(\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u74e6\u89e3\u6210\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u96c6\u56e2)\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u53d6\u5fc3\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u538b\u5236\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u89c1\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4fbf\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u5728\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7ed3\u3002",
        "output": "The dass contradiction between capital and labor, the tendency to produce crises of overaccumulation/devaluation of capital (coupled with the disintegration of a global capitalism into warring geopolitical blocs), the need to guarantee freedom of speech and enquiry as part of a need to preserve entrepreneurial creativity and initiative, while repressing dissident voices ... these are all major contradictions within capitalism. The task of historical materialist enquiry is then to establish where the main contradictions lie in particular historical-geographical situations and how they might be interlinked.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u6240\"\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u59d7\u59d7\u6765\u8fdf\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u89c1\u7f1d\u63d2\u9488\uff0c\u6324\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u641c\u7f57\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5269\u4f59\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u6084\u7136\u6324\u5360\u8001\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u5730\u3002\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3001\u4f53\u8d28\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u5371\u9669\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002",
        "output": "Anthropology, as the science of man at large, as the most comprehensive discipline in humanism without portfolio, was the last to come. It had to peg out its claims as to scope, subject matter, and method as best it could. It absorbed what was left over, and even had to encroach on some older preserves. It consists now of such studies as prehistory, folklore, physical anthropology, and cultural anthropology. These come dangerously near other legitimate fields of social and natural sciences: psychology, history, archaeology, sociology and anatomy.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff08central tendency) \u548c\u53d8\u5f02\u6027\uff08variability)\u4e4b\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3001\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u6216\u4f17\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002",
        "output": "Some of the more easily understood statistical and mathematical calculations are those that find the central tendency and variability of scores. When you have a group of scores, one number may be used to represent the group. That number is generally the mean, median, or mode. These terms are ways of expressing central tendency.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4e5f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u56fe\u753b\u6587\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5723\u4e66\u5b57\uff08\u6216\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u6587\u5b57\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u521b\u5236\u4e86\u897f\u95ea\u8bed\u97f3\u8282\u8868\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u65cf\u8bed\u6539\u9020\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u8f85\u97f3\u548c\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002",
        "output": "The Egyptians also developed a pictographic system known as hieroglyphics. This system influenced many peoples, including the Phoenicians, who developed the West Semitic Syllabary. The Greeks borrowed the Phoenician system, and in adapting it to their own language they used the symbols to represent both consonant and vowel sound segments, thus inventing the first alphabet.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u5929\u624d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u9610\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u8ff7\u611f\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5929\u624d\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u5728\u65e2\u65e0\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u53c8\u65e0\u660e\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5374\u53c8\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u63a2\u5bfb\u51fa\u827a\u672f\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5374\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8c\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u8131\u7684\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u7684\u3002",
        "output": "Kant developed his entire view of the productive genius around the problem which, wc saw earlier in this chapter, had puzzled earlier critics: how the genius is able to form a work of art without rules or conscious method, yet achieve a product from which critics later draw the rules of art. This paradox the philosopher, who had read widely in English as well as German criticism, found congenial to his favorite tactic of\u00a3 posing dilemmas from which to extricate himself.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\uff08\u6216\u662f\u6309\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u66f4\u7a0d\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u52aa\u529b\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u626e\u6210\u5c31\u50cf\u65e5\u672c\u6216\u57c3\u53ca\u90a3\u6837\u6587\u5316\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5370\u5ea6\u6216\u662f\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u90a3\u6837\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5728\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u5b98\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u3002",
        "output": "By acting as though it were culturally homogeneous like Japan or Egypt instead of heterogeneous like India or Nigeria, Indonesia (or more exactly, I suppose, the Indonesian elite) has managed to create anarchic politics of meaning outside the established structures of civil government.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cQ.D.\u5229\u7ef4\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u51fa\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u4f1f\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6bd4\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u9ec4\u8272\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6742\u5fd7\u8981\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u6765\u8bf4,\u89c2\u4f17\u5e94\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5267\u9662\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u58f0\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u5148\u950b\u6d3e\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u653e\u5728\u5eb8\u4fd7\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u597d\u83b1\u575e\u7535\u5f71\u4e0a\u3002",
        "output": "Q.D.Leavis's work suggests, for example,  that readers would be better off with a novel from the great tradition of English literature than a pulp fiction magazine, while MacDonald implies that audiences should confine themselves to the theatre or silent and avant-garde films rather than mainstream Hollywood cinema.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u751f\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u521d\u9732\u7aef\u502a\u7684\u4e66\u6216\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAtkinson 1982\uff1bRoberts\uff0ced.1981)\u90fd\u662f\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u5f62\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u50cf\u5b89\u59ae\u7279\u02d9\u97e6\u7eb3\uff08Weiner 1976)\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8e0a\u8dc3\u5730\u6539\u5199\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u3002\u4f46\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u5987\u5973\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8303\u7574(\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u5316/\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u53cd\u601d\u3002",
        "output": "Within this focus we could not draw on any developed debates generated by feminism on ethnographic textual practices. A few very initial indications (for example, Atkinson 1982; Roberts, ed. 1981) were all that had been published. And the situation has not changed dramatically since. Feminism clearly has contributed to anthropological theory. And various female ethnographers, like Annette Weiner (1976), are actively rewriting the masculinist canon. But feminist ethnography has focused either on setting the record straight about women or on revising anthropological categories (for example, the nature/culture opposition). It has not produced either unconventional forms of writing or a developed reflection on ethnographic textuality as such.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u69ea\u5ff5\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8054\u5408\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u5171\u540c\u8868\u5f81(\u5982,\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5f62\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u76d2\u5b50\u8fb9\u6570)\u5c31\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\u3002\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5219\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982,\u4efb\u610f\u989c\u8272\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u5f62\u3002",
        "output": "The configuration of features in a concept-learning task can be varied to yield differentconcepts. A conjunctive concept is represented by two or more features (e.g., two red circles). Other features (number of borders) are not relevant. A disjunctive concept is representedby one of two or more features; for example, two circles of any color or one redcircle.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6539\u53d8\u7740\u5168\u7403\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u9769\u65b0\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u518d\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5f3a\u56fd\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d7\u5230\u542f\u53d1\uff1a\u57281989\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd38%\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u662f\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\uff0c\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u67093\u5bb6\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u5bfc\u5f39\u548c\u98de\u673a\u5347\u5165\u5929\u7a7a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd93\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8695%\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u7ba1\u58f3\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u7535\u5b50\u201d\uff08OAT\uff0c1991\uff0c\u7b2c38\u9875\uff1bEconomist Intelligence Unit\uff0c1994\uff0c\u7b2c18\u9875\uff09\u3002",
        "output": "This in turn is transforming the stratification of military-technological power within the global system. For the cohort of states and corporations at the leading edge of commercial technological innovation is no longer entirely synonymous with the cohort of today's great military powers or military-industrial corporations. In this respect, it is instructive to note that in 1989 38 per cent of US military semiconductors were imported while the Pentagon 'cannot put a single missile or aircraft up in the sky without the help of three Japanese companies that provide 95 per cent of the ceramic packages that protect their electronics' (OTA, 1991, p. 38; Economist Intelligence Unit, 1994, p. 18).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u80dc\u7b97\u6bd4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u540c\u5728\u4e16\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u80dc\u7b97\u6bd4\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u503c\u662f1.0\u3002\u5f53\u503c\u9ad8\u4e8e1.0\u4ee3\u8868\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0;\u5c0f\u4e8e1.0\u8868\u793a\u98ce\u9669\u4e0b\u964d\u3002",
        "output": "The odds ratio is interpreted as an estimate of the relative risk that would have been calculated in the study group if a cohort study had been conducted. Like the relative risk, the null value of the odds ratio is 1.0. Values above 1.0 typically indicate increased risk, and values less than 1.0 indicate reduced risk.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u91c7\u7eb3\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7a81\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002",
        "output": "Whether taking a Black feminist, a radical feminist or a psychoanalytic approach, lesbian feminist theory foregrounds one or all of these elements.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6587\u79d1\u4e03\u827a\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5907\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u4e60\u5f80\u5f80\u8017\u65f6\u5341\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u4e45\u3002",
        "output": "After completing the liberal arts curriculum, a student could go on to study law, medicine, or theology, which was the most highly regarded subject of the medieval curriculum. The study of law, medicine, or theology could take a decade or more.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u738b\u56fd\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u548c\u4fee\u5973\u5206\u5f00\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u548c\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u738b\u56fd\u90fd\u53ef\u89c1\u5230\u3002\u4fee\u9053\u58eb\u548c\u4fee\u5973\u9075\u5b88\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5973\u6027\u800c\u975e\u7537\u6027\u3002\u5973\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u9662\u957f\u957f\u662f\u738b\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u2014\u2014\u6492\u514b\u900a\u5c24\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u3002",
        "output": "Women played an important role in the monastic missionary movement and the conversion of the Germanic kingdoms. Double monasteries, where both monks and nuns lived in separate houses but attended church services together, were found in both the English and Frankish kingdoms. The monks and nuns followed a common rule under a common head. Frequently, this leader was an abbess rather than an abbot. Many of these abbesses belonged to royal houses, especially in Anglo-Saxon England.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5316\uff08\u548c\u8fd4\u9b45\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a2\u5bfb\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u52aa\u529b\u6b65\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u5730\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u3002",
        "output": "Socio-ecological projects, much more in tune with confronting questions of alienation (and re-enchantment) and opening up diverse possibilities for self-realization, can be regarded as fundamentally part of some socialist future. The failures of capitalism to produce anything other than the uneven geographical development of bland, commoditized, homogeneity is, surely, one of the most striking features of its failures.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u201c\u7194\u7089\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u968f\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4fe1\u516c\u6c11\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u5f52\u5c5e\u6216\u826f\u597d\u6c9f\u901a\u80fd\u591f\u6eb6\u89e3\u65cf\u88d4\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u4ece\u8d5e\u683c\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u5267\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6f14\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u95ee\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65cf\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7194\u7089\u91cc\u6eb6\u89e3\uff1f",
        "output": "The expression \"the melting pot\" subsequently became a slogan forall those who believed that civic nationalism, or modernisation, oreducation, or class allegiances, or better communications, woulddissolve prior ethnic loyalties. Three generations on from thestaging of Zangwill's play, and we still have to ask the question \"why does ethnicity not dissolve in the melting pot?\"",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7f\u7740\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u8154\u8c03\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u620f\u4eff\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8d35 \u65cf\uff1b\u4ed6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u72c2\u6b22\u8282\u5f0f\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a \u4e86\u88ab\u5632\u7b11\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a \u89c4\u5219\u5374\u5728\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002",
        "output": "His name, his dress, and his accent all parody the traditional English aristocrat; he is a carnivalesque metaphor of social power and status who is there to be laughed at. The social rules that he embodies are to be broken at the same time the information he imparts is accepted.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u65e7\u5927\u9646\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4e09\u671f\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u8d77\u521d\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u7f3a\u5c11\u6587\u732e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u4fbf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u2014\u2014\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002",
        "output": "This commitment to understanding required adopting models or interpretive frameworks that could be tested against the evidence. Models developed in the Old World, such as the three-age system, were initially derived mainly from history. In the New World, where most native cultures lacked written histories, archaeology became closely allied with anthropology. For both areas at the time the dominant framework was unilinear cultural evolution, whereby the same broad stages were defined for all societies.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5fc5\u987b\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5b66\u8bf4\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u7262\u5730\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5730\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6539\u9020\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5148\u950b\u6d3e(\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u5e7d\u7075)\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u5148\u950b\u6d3e(\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u5e7d\u7075)\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5b83\u4e9f\u5f85\u57f9\u80b2\u3002",
        "output": "Organizations, institutions, doctrines, programs, formalized structures and the like simply have to be created. And these political activities must be firmly grounded in and transformative of the concrete historical and geographical conditions through which human action unfolds. Between the traditional avant-gardism of communist parties (the specter of Lenin) and an idealized avant-gardism (the specter of Derrida) there lies a terrain of political organization and struggle that desperately cries out for cultivation.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u51fa\u5904\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u5c42\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u88ab\u6062\u6587\u7269\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u5982\u98ce\u683c\u6216\u9891\u7387\u6392\u961f\u6cd5\u3002",
        "output": "Archaeologists have long used relative dating techniques based on provenience, such as stratigraphy, or based on the characteristics of recovered remains, such as stylistic or frequency seriation.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4f20\u5a92\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\uff09 \u5e76\u975e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5229\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u6765\u8bef\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08Fiske\uff0c1996)\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u201c\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u662f\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\uff08Fiske, 1996)\u3002",
        "output": "Mediated messages (e.g., news media coverage) are not objective accounts of events. Instead, the media privilege certain interpretations while simultaneously discouraging others (Fiske, 1996). In other words, what is included in the story, and more importantly, how it is discussed help \"frame\" an event for the reader or viewer (Fiske, 1996).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u653e\u5f03\u73b0\u65f6\u6d88\u8d39\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5982\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u5de5\u5382\u6216\u4fee\u7b51\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u77e5\u8bc6\u6280\u672f\u79ef\u7d2f\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u672a\u6765\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u3002",
        "output": "Economic activity involves forgoing current consumption to increase our capital. Every time we invest\u2014building a new factory or road, increasing the years or quality of education, or increasing the stock of useful technical knowledge\u2014we are enhancing the future productivity of our economy and increasing future consumption.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u8f7b\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8feb\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u65f6\u7a7a\u5e38\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u6697\u542b\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u672f\u8bed\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u9886\u5730\u548c\u571f\u5730\u6743\u7684\u5206\u9694\u3002",
        "output": "Such impositions were not necessarily well received. The spread of a capitalist value system and its associated sense of intersubjective space-time has often entailed a fierce battle to socialize different peoples into the common net of time-space discipline implicit in industrial organization and into a respect for partitions of territorial and land rights specified in strictly Cartesian terms.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c11\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u7b28\u91cd\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u53c8\u4e0d\u4fbf\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u516c\u5143\u5934\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0cHopewell\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5708\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5927\u3002",
        "output": "Few commodities moved between regions because each region was relatively selfsufficient and bulky goods were hard to transport. One interaction sphere, the Hopewell, operated on a very large scale in what is now the eastern United States during the first two centuries AD.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7a0d\u540e\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u97e6\u5c3c\u00b7C.\u5e03\u601d\uff08Wayne C. Booth\uff09\u66f4\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\uff0c\u5e03\u601d\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u65b0\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u300b\uff081961\uff09\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u662f\u5f17\u5229\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u900a\uff0c\u89c1\u7b2c5\u7ae0\uff1b\u201c\u8bfb\u8005\u5bfc\u5411\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u4e86\u9690\u542b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u89c1\u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff09\u3002",
        "output": "In effect, the Neo-Aristotelians were most influential in the study of narrative structure in the novel, and most particularly by way of the work of a slightly later critic, Wayne C. Booth, who nevertheless acknowledged that he was a Chicago Aristotelian. His book The Rhetoric of Fiction (1961) has been widely read and highly regarded, although latterly contemporary crit- ical theory has demonstrated its limitations and inadequacies (by Fredric Jameson, see Chapter 5, p. 105, and implicitly by much \u2018reader-oriented\u2019 theory, see Chapter 3).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u8fd1\u4e1c\uff0c\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u9769\u547d\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u65b0\u6708\u5730\u5e26\uff08\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5317\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8015\u79cd\u6bd4\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6cb3\u8c37\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u91ce\u751f\u4f5c\u7269\uff08\u5927\u9ea6\u548c\u5c0f\u9ea6\uff09\u548c\u56db\u79cd\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u9a6f\u517b\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u732a\u3001\u725b\u3001\u5c71\u7f8a\u548c\u7ef5\u7f8a\uff09\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u3002",
        "output": "The Neolithic agricultural revolution needed a favorable environment. In the Near East, the upland areas above the Fertile Crescent (present-day northern Iraq and southern Turkey) were more conducive to systematic farming than the river valleys. This region received the necessary rainfall and was the home of two wild plant species (barley and wheat) and four wild animal species (pigs, cows, goats, and sheep) that humans eventually domesticated.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8eab\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5feb\u611f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u5c06\u662f\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u89c4\u907f\u3001\u89c4\u8bad\u4e0e\u89e3\u653e \u76f8\u4e92\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u63a2\u7d22\u6b64\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u867d \u7136\u8eab\u4f53\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\uff08\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff09\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002",
        "output": "In this chapter, I wish to trace some of the ways in which the body and its pleasures have been, and continue to be, the site of a struggle between power and evasion, discipline and liberation; though the body may appear to be where we are most individual, it is also the material form of the body politic: the class body, the racial body, and the body of gender.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u6cbb\u7259\u9f88\u708e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5403\u5bcc\u542b\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u56bc\u65e0\u7cd6\u53e3\u9999\u7cd6\uff0c\u5229\u4e8e\u553e\u6db2\u5206\u6ccc\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u53e3\u5e72\uff0c\u800c\u53e3\u8154\u5e72\u6da9\u662f\u5f15\u53d1\u7259\u9f88\u708e\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u56e0\u3002",
        "output": "Another way to thwart inflamed gums: Eat fibrous foods like apples or chew sugarless gum, which helps build up saliva. That helps you avoid dry mouth, which is a common cause of gingivitis.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9752\u94dc\u793c\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u9762\u52a8\u7269\u7eb9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u53e4\u7c4d\u91cc\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7edd\u5730\u5929\u901a\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u539f\u6587\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a\u201c\u7269\uff08\u52a8\u7269\u727a\u7272\uff09\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5668\uff08\u796d\u7940\u7528\u5668\uff09\u201d\u3002",
        "output": "I believe that such a theory exists. In fact, explanations of the meaning of both the bronze ritual vessels and their animal motifs are furnished by the ancient Chinese themselves in pre-Ch'in texts. Recall the description of the myth of the separation of heaven and earth, as related in Kuo Yii. The Chinese original of the passage that was quoted in Chapter 3 used two words, wu (animal offerings) and ch'i (ritual vessels).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u572851\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c23\u4f8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u80f8\u90e8\u88ab\u7403\u51fb\u4e2d\u540e\u7ee7\u53d1\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5916\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u80f8\u58c1\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5fc3\u808c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u7834\u88c2\u662f\u68d2\u7403\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u81f4\u6b7b\u56e0\u7d20 (Abrunzo, 1991)\u3002\u4e0e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u88ab\u7403\u51fb\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u8584\u7684\u80f8\u58c1\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5fc3\u808c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38\u6216\u5fc3\u5f8b\u4e0d\u9f50\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u81f4\u6b7b\u6027\u635f\u4f24\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5934\u90e8\u88ab\u7403\u51fb\u4e2d\u800c\u7ee7\u53d1\u95ed\u5408\u6027\u9885\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u3002\u5934\u80f8\u90e8\u88ab\u51fb\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u51fb\u7403\u548c\u6295\u7403\u65f6\uff08Rutherford, 1981)\u3002",
        "output": "Of the 51 deaths 23 occurring during this period were secondary to being struck in the chest by the ball. Commotio cordis, which occurs secondary to forces generated through the chest wall to the myocardium, has been recognized as the most common cause of traumatic death in baseball (Abrunzo, 1991). When struck with a baseball, the relatively thin, compliant chest wall of a child is thought to transmit greater energy to the myocardium than that of the adult, resulting in fatal dysrhythmias or arrythmia. The next most common category of injury resulting in death involves the head being struck by the ball and consequent closed head injury. The greatest risk of being struck in the chest or head is incurred while batting or pitching (Rutherford 1981).",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8d6b\u8328\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u53cc\u56e0\u7d20\u7406\u8bba\uff08two-factor theory)(\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u6fc0\u52b1_\u4fdd\u5065\u7406\u8bba\uff08moti\u001fvation-hygiene theory)) \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8d6b\u8328\u4f2f\u683c\u60f3\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u597d\uff08\u6ee1\u610f\uff09\u6216\u8005\u7279\u522b\u5dee\uff08\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff09 \u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u886816\u20142)\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002",
        "output": "Frederick Herzberg\u2019s two-factor theory (also called motivation-hygiene theory) proposes that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction. Herzberg wanted to know when people felt exceptionally good (satisfied) or bad (dissatisfied) about their jobs. (These findings are shown in Exhibit 16-2.) He concluded that the replies people gave when they felt good about their jobs were significantly different from the replies they gave when they felt badly.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd96\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768450\u5e74\u91cc\u90fd\u5df2\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5176\u5377\u5165\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u521a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d4\u4e2a\u662f\u5317\u7ea6\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u6700\u8fd1\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5317\u7ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u67094\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002",
        "output": "It is readily apparent that the enmeshment of each of the six countries in global politics has changed shape and form over the last five decades. While each of the countries began life very differently in the immediate postwar years, they have practically all shed their previous colonial commitments, four are members of NATO and Sweden recently joined a linked NATO programme, the Partnership for Peace. In addition, four countries are now members of the European Union, and all are major players - albeit with somewhat different levels of enmeshment in IGOs and INGOs - in international and global politics.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6bdb\u91cc\u6c42\u65af\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u6240\u9662\u6821\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u3002",
        "output": "I mean Mauritius has got three institutions, so you know, the notion of peer review is a bit different, they don\u2019t really have any.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u56fe4-1\uff08a\uff09\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7d22\u6d1b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u589e\u957f\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u7a33\u6001\u5747\u8861\u51fa\u73b0\u5728C\u70b9\u3002\u50a8\u84c4\u7ebf\u4e0e\u6295\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u7ebf\u76f8\u4ea4\u5728\u8be5\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u50a8\u84c4\u7ebf\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u7ebf\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c31\u5728\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eceA\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5411\u53f3\u8fb9\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u505c\u987f\uff08\u5373\u8fbe\u5230\u7a33\u6001\uff09\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u4ea7\u54c1\u9012\u51cf\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u50a8\u84c4\u66f2\u7ebf\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u76f4\u3002",
        "output": "Figure 4-1a reproduces the basic Solow growth diagram from Chapter 3. You will remember that the steady state occurs at point \ud835\udc36, where the saving and investment requirement lines cross. Anywhere the saving line is above the investment requirement line, the economy is growing because capital is being added. Starting at point \ud835\udc34, for example, the economy moves, over time, to the right. How do we know that this process eventually comes to a halt (i.e., reaches a steady state)? Because of the diminishing marginal product of capital, the production function and the parallel saving curve eventually flatten out.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89c2\u3002[26]\u4f20\u7edf\u51b2\u7a81\u89c2\uff08traditional view of conflict)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6 \u2014\u2022\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u51b2\u7a81\u89c2\uff08human relations view of conflict)\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u6240\u6709 \u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd^\u7136\u800c\u7136\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ee9\u6548\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u51b2\u7a81\u89c2 (interactionist view of conflict)\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u529b\u91cf\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u6548\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002",
        "output": "Three different views have evolved regarding conflict.26 The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict must be avoided\u2014that it indicates a problem within the group. Another view, the human relations view of conflict, argues that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group and need not be negative, but has potential to be a positive force in contributing to a group\u2019s performance. The third and most recent view, the interactionist view of conflict, proposes that not only can conflict be a positive force in a group but that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5173\u4e8e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4e89\u8bba\u2026\u2026\u53ef\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u5927\u4e3e\u8fdb\u653b\u201d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u5305\u5b55\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u653b\u9677\u4e86\u7279\u6743\u8005\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3002\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u65e2\u7c97\u72c2\u53c8\u51cc\u4e71\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8be0\u91ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\uff0c\u5176\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u4ea6\u906d\u9047\u91cd\u65b0\u6d17\u724c\u3002",
        "output": "The debate over postmodernism can...be read as the symptom of the disruptive ingression of popular culture, its aesthetics and intimate possibilities, into a previously privileged domain. Theory and academic discourses are confronted by the wider, unsystemized, popular networks of cultural production and knowledge. The intellectual\u2019s privilege to explain and distribute knowledge is threatened; his authority, for it is invariably \u2018his\u2019, redimensionalized.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5bfb\u6c42\u4f53\u5185\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u8bf4\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u751f\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002",
        "output": "Energy builds within organisms and releases itself in behaviors designed to help species survive. Others have emphasized the individual\u2019s need for homeostasis, or optimal levels of physiological states.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "16. \u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 \uff08RAM\uff09\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u8f83\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u786c\u76d8\u5b58\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee3\u66ffRAM\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u8f93\u5165/\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u5176\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002",
        "output": "16. Hardware requirements. Another issue to consider in the selection process is hardware requirements. Hardware costs, especially for personal computers, have decreased radically in recent years. Software that can use larger amounts of random access memory (RAM) will run more quickly and so might be better than less-expensive packages that perform numerous disk access operations to reduce RAM use. A software package\u2019s ability to support a variety of existing input/output devices is also important, as well as its ability to work in a network.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5bf9\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u5728\u4f4e\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u548c\u4f4e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8db3\u591f\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u5a74\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u613f\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u3002",
        "output": "And for countries which manage to boost their per capita incomes, there is the prospect of making the demographic transition, which occurs when a population stabilizes with low birth rates and low death rates. Once countries get rich enough, and infant mortality drops, people voluntarily reduce their birth rates.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u2605\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u8840\u538b\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u2605\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u3001\u4e2d\u98ce\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u51cf\u9000\u3001\u80be\u8870\u7aed\u3001\u773c\u775b\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5173\u8282\u708e\u548c\u80ba\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u2605\u5b83\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4f60\u5bf9\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002",
        "output": "\u2605 It increases your blood pressure.\u2605 It increases your risk of heart attacks, strokes, memory loss, kidney failure, eye problems, arthritis, and lung disease.\u2605 It decreases your ability to fight off infections.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u5206\u6570\u7684\u5168\u8ddd\uff08\u6700\u9ad8\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u800c\u975e\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u65f6\u3002\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u670915\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6267\u884c\u4e8610\u7ec4\u3001\u6bcf\u7ec410\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5(\u5171100\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u6bcf\u4e00\u56de\u5408\u768410\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cc\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u505a\u4e3a\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c06\u4f1a\u670910\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u56de\u540810\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u9009\u51fa\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6570\u5168\u8ddd\u3002",
        "output": "Sometimes the range of scores (highest and lowest) may also be reported, particularly when the median is used rather than the mean. The median and the mean may be used in connection with each other. For example, 15 people might be given 10 blocks of 10 trials (100 total trials) on a reaction-time task. The experimenter may decide to use the median reaction time of a person\u2019s 10 trials as the most representative score in each block. Thus, each person would have 10 median scores, one for each of the 10 trial blocks.Here, the range of scores from which the median was selected should be reported.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5(Direct dating)\u5206\u6790\u6587\u5316\u9057\u7269\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u9057\u7269\u548c\u8ff9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u95f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5(Indirect dating)\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u7269\u3001\u751f\u6001\u9057\u7269\u6216\u8ff9\u8c61\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5e74\u9f84\u3002",
        "output": "Before we discuss specific techniques, however, we should consider a few basic definitions. First, direct dating uses analysis of the artifact, ecofact, or feature itself to arrive at its age. Indirect dating uses analysis of material associated with the artifact, ecofact, or feature being studied to evaluate its age.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u5bfb\u672c\u8d28\uff0c \u6279\u8bc4\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6cd5\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbf\u8c08\u3001\u7126\u70b9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u5c14\u83f2\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8c03\u67fb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63ed\u9732\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u5265\u524a\u3002",
        "output": "To get below the surface, the critical theorist researcher will predominantly use a qualitative methodology. Furthermore, as outlined above, the process is subjective and, as a consequence, the process is also value laden. Methods used by a critical theorist researcher would include, for example, participant observation, indepth interviewing, focus groups, Delphic panels and appreciative inquiry in order to expose the oppression, subjugation and exploitation of the minority group being studied.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4f53\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u8981\u9996\u9009\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u5438\u6c27\u91cf \u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u6807\u8bb0\u6c34\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5fc3\u7387\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\u6280\u672f\u3002",
        "output": "For very small groups a direct measurement of oxygen uptake or DLW technique has to be preferred. For larger groups HR recording combined with accelerometers appears to be the most favourable technique.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6211\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u517c\u540c\u4e8b\u8a79\u59ae\u5f17\u2022 A(Jenniger Azzariti)\u66fe\u5bf9\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u9762\u6027\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5979\u628a\u8fd9\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u529b\u201d\u3002\u8a79\u59ae\u5f171991\u81f31997\u5e74\u66fe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u533a\u65e9\u671f\u5b66\u4e60\u793a\u8303\u4e2d\u5fc3\u62c5\u4efb\u827a\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u6559\u5e08\u3002",
        "output": "My close colleague and friend Jennifer Azzariti, who worked as atelierista at the Model Early Learning Center in Washington, D.C., from 1991\u20131997, has a different name for this multifaceted way of being a teacher. She calls it \u201cstaying alive.\u201d",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5fae\u89c2\u653f\u6cbb\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6f5c\u53f0\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u6124\u6068\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u963b\u788d\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u8c23\u4f20\u3001\u6d41\u8a00\u3001\u8bbd\u523a\u3001\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5c31\u629b\u5f03\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002",
        "output": "Micropolitics has been read as a subtext of organizational life in which con\ufb02icts, tensions, resentments, competing interests and power imbalances in\ufb02uence everyday transactions in institutions. Micropolitics is about in\ufb02uence, networks, coalitions, political and personal strategies to effect or resist change. It involves rumour, gossip, sarcasm, humour, denial, \u2018throwaway remarks\u2019, and alliance building.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20,\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4e3a\u8089\u98df\u800c\u6e05\u7406\u52a8\u7269\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u72e9\u730e\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u3001\u98df\u7269\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ca\u98df\u7269\u5206\u4eab\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u8425\u5730\u3002\u5bfb\u98df\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u79ef\u7d2f\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u522b\u9650\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u6027\u522b\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u522b\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5987\u5973\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7537\u5b50\u3002\u98df\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u79ef\u805a\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u6216\u5730\u4f4d\u3002",
        "output": "Three important elements of human social organization probably developed along with scavenging and hunting for meat. These are a sexual division of labor, food sharing, and the camp as the center of daily activity and the place where food sharing occurs. A characteristic of food-foraging societies is their egalitarianism. Since this way of life requires mobility, people accumulate only the material goods necessary for survival, so status differences are limited to those based on age and sex. Status differences associated with sex, however, do not imply subordination of women to men. Food resources are distributed equally throughout the groups; thus no individual can achieve the wealth or status hoarding might bring.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6b4c\u5fb7\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d6b\u5c14\u5fb7\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u666e\u7f57\u7c73\u4fee\u65af\u7684\u6bd4\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u4ee5\u524d\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u6240\u6301\u7684\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u620f\u5267\u4e00\u5c31\u5176\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u60c5\u8282\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u573a\u666f\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e00\u6d3b\u50cf\u539f\u521d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002",
        "output": "Even earlier than Goethe, Herder had adopted the Prometheus simile, and he modified the Leibnizian heterocosmology of earlier commentators into the view that a Shakespeare play\u4e00 in the complex inter-relations of its characters and actions, and in its quick changes of time, place, and scene\u2014is, like the primal creation itself, a great and living whole.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9700\u6c42\u88ab\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4f1a\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ce2\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\u3002",
        "output": "In Maslow's hierarchy, individuals move up the hierarchy of five needs (physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization) as needs are substantially satisfied. A need that's substantially satisfied no longer motivates.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u529b\u56fe\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7269\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u88c2\u3002",
        "output": "It should be obvious even from this brief account of phenomenology that it is a form of methodological idealism, seeking to explore an abstraction called 'human consciousness' and a world of pure possibilities. But if Husserl rejected empiricism, psychologism and the positivism of the natural sciences, he also considered himself to be breaking with the classical idealism of a thinker like Kant.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u610f\u6307\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u7535\u5f71\u4e0e\u7535\u89c6\u5230\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5b58\u6743\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u5219\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002",
        "output": "Discourses, sign-systems and signifying practices of all kinds, from film and television to fiction and the languages of natural science, produce effects, shape forms of consciousness and unconsciousness, which are closely related to the maintenance or transformation of our existing systems of power. They are thus closely related to what it means to be a person.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5(Archaeological survey)\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6316\u6398\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ece\u9057\u5740\u6216\u5730\u533a\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8c03\u67fb\u603b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u8868\u5c42\u9057\u5b58\u548c\u5229\u7528\u9065\u611f\u6280\u672f\u63a2\u6d4b\u5730\u4e0b\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9057\u5740\u6216\u5730\u533a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002",
        "output": "Archaeological survey refers to methods archaeologists use to acquire data from sites or regions without excavation. The overall objective of archaeological surveys is to determine as much as possible about a given site or region based on both observing surface remains and detecting subsurface features through remote means.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca18\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002",
        "output": "One of these ideologies was liberalism, which owed much to the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century and the American and French Revolutions at the end of that century. It was based on the belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible. This opinion is evident in both economic and political liberalism.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7236\u4eb2\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u975e\u5f97\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u672a\u5a5a\u5988\u5988\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u5426\u8ba4\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u7236\u4eb2\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u666e\u57c3\u5e03\u6d1b\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u8bf8\u5982\u970d\u76ae\u4eba\uff09\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u7236\u4eb2\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u81ea\u52a8\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5979\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002",
        "output": "In Western societies generally, the father is supposed to be the mother Kusbandj but he does not have to be. In the United States, the child of an unwed mother may be spoken of as aillegitimate, yet its citizenship rights, as well as those of inheritance, are not denied. Nor does legitimacy require the father to be married to the mother. In numerous other societies\u2014for example, among the Pueblo peoples (such as the Hopi) of the North American Southwest\u2014fatherhood is utterly irrelevant to the child's legitimacy. In their societies legitimacy comes automatically from one s mother, regardless of whether or not she is married.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5784\u65ad\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c20\u7ae0\uff08\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5784\u65ad\uff08\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u7f51\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u7f51\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u79c1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002",
        "output": "Local governments have the same options for other natural monopolies. Chapter 20 (Mass Transit) discusses the pricing and regulation of mass transit. For other natural monopolies (water systems, cable television networks, telephone networks), the government can either produce the service itself or regulate a private producer.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5fae\u89c2\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7410\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u770b\u4f3c\u7410\u7ec6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ca\u5176\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002",
        "output": "Micropolitics focuses on the ways in which power is relayed in everyday practices. It discloses the subterranean con\ufb02icts, competitions and minutiae of social relations. It describes how power is relayed through seemingly trivial incidents and transactions.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u3001\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u5230\u6587\u660e\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u60c5\u51b5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u9762\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u5b58\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e\u201d\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5355\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316(unilinear cultural evolution)\u3002",
        "output": "Development of evolutionary theory in biology followed a parallel trend and supported acceptance of cultural evolution. These notions were coupled with the recognition of tremendous diversity among living societies, documented in the course of colonial expansion, and with the need to explain (and thereby justify) the political and economic dominance of 19th-century \u201cEuropean civilization\u201d over many other societies. The result was a model of unilinear cultural evolution.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\uff08affective component)\u662f\u6001\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6216\u611f\u53d7\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e3e\u521a\u624d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4,\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5e15\u7279\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6b67\u89c6\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u9648\u8ff0\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6001\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002",
        "output": "The affective component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling part of an attitude. Using our example, this component would be reflected by the statement, \u201cI don't like Pat because he discriminates against minorities.\u201d Finally, affect can lead to behavioral outcomes.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u6536\u652f\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u5f71\u54cd\u8d27\u5e01\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u652f\u51fa\uff1b\u5931\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002",
        "output": "Adjustment to a balance-of-payments problem can be achieved in two ways. One is to change economic policy; the second is through automatic adjustment mechanisms. There are two automatic mechanisms: Payments imbalances affect the money supply and hence spending, and unemployment affects wages and prices and thereby competitiveness.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4ece\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u201d\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u90fd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8054\u7cfb\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u6027\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e90\u81ea\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5de8\u94fe\uff08Great Chain of Being)\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u795e\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002",
        "output": "From a \"history of ideas\" point of view, the writings of ancient Greek philosophers and travellers, medieval Arab historians, medieval and Renaissance European travellers, and later European philosophers, jurists, and scientists of various kinds, are all plausible precursors. My choice, though, would be with the concept of the \"social contract\", and the perceptions of human nature, society, and cultural diversity which emerged from this concept. This is where I shall begin. Another, essentially unrelated, beginning is the idea of the Great Chain of Being, which deWned the place of the human species as between God and the animals.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4f53\u8d28\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u60d1\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u501f\u52a9\u8bed\u8a00\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\uff1b\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002",
        "output": "Physical anthropologists study humans as biological organisms, tracing the evolutionary development of the human animal and looking at biological variations within the species, past and present. Cultural anthropologists are concerned with human cultures, or the ways of life in societies. Within the field of cultural anthropology are archaeologists, who seek to explain human behavior by studying material objects, usually from past cultures; linguists, who study languages, by which cultures are maintained and passed on to succeeding generations; and ethnologists, who study cultures as they have been observed, experienced, and discussed with persons whose culture they seek to understand.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u65b0\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u8ba1\u5212\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u6574\u5408\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6216\u5f00\u62d3\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u597d\u91c7\u7528\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u7edf\u7b79\u652f\u6301\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002",
        "output": "Most organizations are involved in projects. Common examples are the installation of a new enterprise resource planning system, the integration of a new acquisition into the company structure, or the cultivation of a new market. If an organization is dealing with projects only infrequently, then a functional structure supported by ad hoc project coordinators may be best.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u3001\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u957f\u671f\u3001 \u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5065\u5eb7\u5177\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65b0\u589e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb15\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u7ea665%\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002",
        "output": "We know that job creation is important to the overall long-term economic health of communities, regions, and nations. The latest figures show that small businesses accounted for most of the net new jobs. In fact, over the last 15 years, small businesses have created some 65 percent of the net new jobs.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u4f11\u65af\u548c\u6cf0\u7279\uff08Tight\uff0c1998: 184\uff09\u53cd\u9a73\u9053\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u65e2\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002",
        "output": "Hughes and Tight (1998: 184) argue that there is little evidence to support the view that the total quantity of training is closely correlated to a country\u2019s economic performance, nor is there a necessary connection between stocks of skilled labour and productivity.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u4eba\u6587\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u4f7f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u8282\u9769\u547d\u5316\u6765\u6539\u53d8(\u6216\u7814\u7a76)\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u88ab\u5185\u5728\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u501f\u5386\u53f2\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u540d\u628a\u6709\u5173\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u642c\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002",
        "output": "A common Marxist reading of this is that we only have to revolutionize (or to study) the moment of production to change (or understand) the whole world because all else is internalized there. But this is nothing less than the idealist view of internal relations imported into Marxism in the name of historical materialism.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8857\u89d2\u8f6c\u5f2f\u5904\u8fdb\u4eba\u5927\u62f1\u95e8\u6240\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u5ea7\u9ad8\u8038\u4eba\u4e91\u7684\u94a2\u7b4b\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5927\u53eb\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff01\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u6325\u821e\u7740\u80f3\u818a\u53c8\u8e66\u53c8\u8df3,\u201c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u62f1\u95e8\uff01\u201d",
        "output": "As we round the corner at the top of the street and enter the national park surrounding the Gateway Arch, we get our first glimpse of the towering steel structure.\u201cThere it is!\u201dthe children cry,jumping up and down,waving their arms,\u201cThere\u2019s the arch!\u201d",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u65391:\u867d\u7136\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u58eb\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u4eba\u53e3\u76842\uff05\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u62e5\u6709 95\u201497%\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u603b\u6570\u768495%\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u76843%\u662f\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4e13\u95e8\u804c\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff1b\u5c31\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u4eab\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u76d6\u8fc7\u4e86\u98ce\u5934\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d35\u65cf\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u7ecf\u8425\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u4ece\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u504f\u89c1\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65e0\u8c13\u7684\u865a\u8363\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f0a\u8fbe\u6208\u786e\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u597d\u5904\u2014\u2014\u8363\u8a89\u3001\u514d\u7a0e\u548c\u5730\u4ea7\uff1b\u5730\u4ea7\u6bd4\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002",
        "output": "Although the aristocrats together with the higher churchmen, comprised less than 2 percent of the population, they owned 95 to 97 percent of the land. It follows that the peasants, about 95 percent of all Spaniards, were almost all landless. The remaining 3 percent --- clerics, merchants, and professional people, many of whom were Jews --- were not a middle class in any economic or social sense. They were completely overshadowed by the nobilily who had social status and prestige. And because the nobility looked down on careers in commerce or industry as demeaning, this prejudice became the national norm. Nor was this mere empty vanity, for the hidalgo had all the advantages --- honors, exemption from taxation, and territorial wealth, which was more secure than commercial or industrial riches.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b66\u653f\u4e3a\u94a6\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5b98\uff0c\u4e13\u804c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7763\u5bdf\u4e00\u7701\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u4e3e\u53d6\u58eb\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u653f\u5728\u5c65\u804c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u9632\u5f0a\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002",
        "output": "The provincial educational commissioner was an officer appointed by the emperor in the Qing dynasty, who was in charge of education within a province. It played an important role in the system of imperial examinations. At the same time, problems occurred when provincial educational commissioners carried out their responsibilities. Even though the Qing dynasty made great efforts trying to reduce those problems, it turned out to be in vain.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5458\u5de5\u611f\u5230\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002",
        "output": "Notice, too, that jobs that possess autonomy give the jobholder a feeling of personal responsibility for the results and that if a job provides feedback, the employee will know how effectively he or she is performing.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u5236\u548c\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u5236\u662f\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u4e00\u59bb\u591a\u592b\u5236\uff08polyandry\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b50\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7537\u5b50\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u513f\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u7537\u5b50\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u6bd4\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7537\u5a74\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7537\u5b50\u8fc7\u5269\u662f\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6027\u522b \u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u62c9\u8fbe\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5987\u5973\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u4e00\u59bb\u591a\u592b\u5236\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a5a\u59fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u9650\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b50\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7eb3\u4e9a\u5c14\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u59bb\u591a\u592b\u5236\u4f7f\u5973\u5b50\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u7ee7\u55e3\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u3002",
        "output": "Although monogamy and polygyny are the most common forms of marriage in the world today, other forms do occur, however rarely. Polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men simultaneously, is known in only a few societies, perhaps in part because men's life expectancy is shorter than women's, and male infant mortality is high, so a surplus of men in a society is unlikely. Where sex ratios are balanced, as in Ladakh, many women are likely to remain unmarried. Another reason for polyandry rarity is that it limits a man's descendants more than any other pattern.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u76f4\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u62b1\u7740\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5185\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\u52cb\u7235\u7981\u6b62\u5e72\u6d89\u5baa\u7ae0\u6d3e\u57281838\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5baa\u7ae0\u6d3e\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4e88\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002",
        "output": "The Whigs, who were in power at the beginning and the end of this period, were much more lenient. Lord John Russell, the Home Secretary, forbade interference with the Great Chartist meetings held in the autumn of 1838. Except for comparatively brief periods, the government paid very little attention to the Chartists. Russell\u2019s private papers contain only an occasional reference to the movement.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    },
    {
        "instruction": "\u8bf7\u5c06\u4e0b\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002",
        "input": "\u5f53\u7a0e\u6536\uff08\u6216\u67d0\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u603b\u5269\u4f59\u51cf\u5c11\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8c13\u635f\u5931\u3002\u65e0\u8c13\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7528\u9762\u79efC+E\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002",
        "output": "The fall in total surplus that results when a tax (or some other policy) distorts a market outcome is called the deadweight loss. The area C+E measures the size of the deadweight loss.",
        "system": "",
        "history": []
    }
]