go/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/value.go

// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package ssa

import (
	"cmd/compile/internal/ir"
	"cmd/compile/internal/types"
	"cmd/internal/src"
	"fmt"
	"internal/buildcfg"
	"math"
	"sort"
	"strings"
)

// A Value represents a value in the SSA representation of the program.
// The ID and Type fields must not be modified. The remainder may be modified
// if they preserve the value of the Value (e.g. changing a (mul 2 x) to an (add x x)).
type Value struct {
	// A unique identifier for the value. For performance we allocate these IDs
	// densely starting at 1.  There is no guarantee that there won't be occasional holes, though.
	ID ID

	// The operation that computes this value. See op.go.
	Op Op

	// The type of this value. Normally this will be a Go type, but there
	// are a few other pseudo-types, see ../types/type.go.
	Type *types.Type

	// Auxiliary info for this value. The type of this information depends on the opcode and type.
	// AuxInt is used for integer values, Aux is used for other values.
	// Floats are stored in AuxInt using math.Float64bits(f).
	// Unused portions of AuxInt are filled by sign-extending the used portion,
	// even if the represented value is unsigned.
	// Users of AuxInt which interpret AuxInt as unsigned (e.g. shifts) must be careful.
	// Use Value.AuxUnsigned to get the zero-extended value of AuxInt.
	AuxInt int64
	Aux    Aux

	// Arguments of this value
	Args []*Value

	// Containing basic block
	Block *Block

	// Source position
	Pos src.XPos

	// Use count. Each appearance in Value.Args and Block.Controls counts once.
	Uses int32

	// wasm: Value stays on the WebAssembly stack. This value will not get a "register" (WebAssembly variable)
	// nor a slot on Go stack, and the generation of this value is delayed to its use time.
	OnWasmStack bool

	// Is this value in the per-function constant cache? If so, remove from cache before changing it or recycling it.
	InCache bool

	// Storage for the first three args
	argstorage [3]*Value
}

// Examples:
// Opcode          aux   args
//  OpAdd          nil      2
//  OpConst     string      0    string constant
//  OpConst      int64      0    int64 constant
//  OpAddcq      int64      1    amd64 op: v = arg[0] + constant

// short form print. Just v#.
func (v *Value) String() string {
	if v == nil {
		return "nil" // should never happen, but not panicking helps with debugging
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("v%d", v.ID)
}

func (v *Value) AuxInt8() int8 {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxInt8 && opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxNameOffsetInt8 {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have an int8 aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return int8(v.AuxInt)
}

func (v *Value) AuxUInt8() uint8 {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxUInt8 {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have a uint8 aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return uint8(v.AuxInt)
}

func (v *Value) AuxInt16() int16 {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxInt16 {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have an int16 aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return int16(v.AuxInt)
}

func (v *Value) AuxInt32() int32 {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxInt32 {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have an int32 aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return int32(v.AuxInt)
}

// AuxUnsigned returns v.AuxInt as an unsigned value for OpConst*.
// v.AuxInt is always sign-extended to 64 bits, even if the
// represented value is unsigned. This undoes that sign extension.
func (v *Value) AuxUnsigned() uint64 {
	c := v.AuxInt
	switch v.Op {
	case OpConst64:
		return uint64(c)
	case OpConst32:
		return uint64(uint32(c))
	case OpConst16:
		return uint64(uint16(c))
	case OpConst8:
		return uint64(uint8(c))
	}
	v.Fatalf("op %s isn't OpConst*", v.Op)
	return 0
}

func (v *Value) AuxFloat() float64 {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxFloat32 && opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxFloat64 {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have a float aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return math.Float64frombits(uint64(v.AuxInt))
}
func (v *Value) AuxValAndOff() ValAndOff {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxSymValAndOff {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have a ValAndOff aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return ValAndOff(v.AuxInt)
}

func (v *Value) AuxArm64BitField() arm64BitField {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxARM64BitField {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have a ARM64BitField aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return arm64BitField(v.AuxInt)
}

func (v *Value) AuxArm64ConditionalParams() arm64ConditionalParams {
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType != auxARM64ConditionalParams {
		v.Fatalf("op %s doesn't have a ARM64ConditionalParams aux field", v.Op)
	}
	return auxIntToArm64ConditionalParams(v.AuxInt)
}

// long form print.  v# = opcode <type> [aux] args [: reg] (names)
func (v *Value) LongString() string {
	if v == nil {
		return "<NIL VALUE>"
	}
	s := fmt.Sprintf("v%d = %s", v.ID, v.Op)
	s += " <" + v.Type.String() + ">"
	s += v.auxString()
	for _, a := range v.Args {
		s += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", a)
	}
	if v.Block == nil {
		return s
	}
	r := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc
	if int(v.ID) < len(r) && r[v.ID] != nil {
		s += " : " + r[v.ID].String()
	}
	if reg := v.Block.Func.tempRegs[v.ID]; reg != nil {
		s += " tmp=" + reg.String()
	}
	var names []string
	for name, values := range v.Block.Func.NamedValues {
		for _, value := range values {
			if value == v {
				names = append(names, name.String())
				break // drop duplicates.
			}
		}
	}
	if len(names) != 0 {
		sort.Strings(names) // Otherwise a source of variation in debugging output.
		s += " (" + strings.Join(names, ", ") + ")"
	}
	return s
}

func (v *Value) auxString() string {
	switch opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType {
	case auxBool:
		if v.AuxInt == 0 {
			return " [false]"
		} else {
			return " [true]"
		}
	case auxInt8:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%d]", v.AuxInt8())
	case auxInt16:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%d]", v.AuxInt16())
	case auxInt32:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%d]", v.AuxInt32())
	case auxInt64, auxInt128:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%d]", v.AuxInt)
	case auxUInt8:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%d]", v.AuxUInt8())
	case auxARM64BitField:
		lsb := v.AuxArm64BitField().lsb()
		width := v.AuxArm64BitField().width()
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [lsb=%d,width=%d]", lsb, width)
	case auxARM64ConditionalParams:
		params := v.AuxArm64ConditionalParams()
		cond := params.Cond()
		nzcv := params.Nzcv()
		imm, ok := params.ConstValue()
		if ok {
			return fmt.Sprintf(" [cond=%s,nzcv=%d,imm=%d]", cond, nzcv, imm)
		}
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [cond=%s,nzcv=%d]", cond, nzcv)
	case auxFloat32, auxFloat64:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%g]", v.AuxFloat())
	case auxString:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" {%q}", v.Aux)
	case auxSym, auxCall, auxTyp:
		if v.Aux != nil {
			return fmt.Sprintf(" {%v}", v.Aux)
		}
		return ""
	case auxSymOff, auxCallOff, auxTypSize, auxNameOffsetInt8:
		s := ""
		if v.Aux != nil {
			s = fmt.Sprintf(" {%v}", v.Aux)
		}
		if v.AuxInt != 0 || opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType == auxNameOffsetInt8 {
			s += fmt.Sprintf(" [%v]", v.AuxInt)
		}
		return s
	case auxSymValAndOff:
		s := ""
		if v.Aux != nil {
			s = fmt.Sprintf(" {%v}", v.Aux)
		}
		return s + fmt.Sprintf(" [%s]", v.AuxValAndOff())
	case auxCCop:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" [%s]", Op(v.AuxInt))
	case auxS390XCCMask, auxS390XRotateParams:
		return fmt.Sprintf(" {%v}", v.Aux)
	case auxFlagConstant:
		return fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", flagConstant(v.AuxInt))
	case auxNone:
		return ""
	default:
		// If you see this, add a case above instead.
		return fmt.Sprintf("[auxtype=%d AuxInt=%d Aux=%v]", opcodeTable[v.Op].auxType, v.AuxInt, v.Aux)
	}
}

// If/when midstack inlining is enabled (-l=4), the compiler gets both larger and slower.
// Not-inlining this method is a help (*Value.reset and *Block.NewValue0 are similar).
//
//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg(w *Value) {
	if v.Args == nil {
		v.resetArgs() // use argstorage
	}
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w)
	w.Uses++
}

//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg2(w1, w2 *Value) {
	if v.Args == nil {
		v.resetArgs() // use argstorage
	}
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w1, w2)
	w1.Uses++
	w2.Uses++
}

//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg3(w1, w2, w3 *Value) {
	if v.Args == nil {
		v.resetArgs() // use argstorage
	}
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w1, w2, w3)
	w1.Uses++
	w2.Uses++
	w3.Uses++
}

//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg4(w1, w2, w3, w4 *Value) {
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w1, w2, w3, w4)
	w1.Uses++
	w2.Uses++
	w3.Uses++
	w4.Uses++
}

//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg5(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5 *Value) {
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5)
	w1.Uses++
	w2.Uses++
	w3.Uses++
	w4.Uses++
	w5.Uses++
}

//go:noinline
func (v *Value) AddArg6(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6 *Value) {
	v.Args = append(v.Args, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6)
	w1.Uses++
	w2.Uses++
	w3.Uses++
	w4.Uses++
	w5.Uses++
	w6.Uses++
}

func (v *Value) AddArgs(a ...*Value) {
	if v.Args == nil {
		v.resetArgs() // use argstorage
	}
	v.Args = append(v.Args, a...)
	for _, x := range a {
		x.Uses++
	}
}
func (v *Value) SetArg(i int, w *Value) {
	v.Args[i].Uses--
	v.Args[i] = w
	w.Uses++
}
func (v *Value) SetArgs1(a *Value) {
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AddArg(a)
}
func (v *Value) SetArgs2(a, b *Value) {
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AddArg(a)
	v.AddArg(b)
}
func (v *Value) SetArgs3(a, b, c *Value) {
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AddArg(a)
	v.AddArg(b)
	v.AddArg(c)
}
func (v *Value) SetArgs4(a, b, c, d *Value) {
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AddArg(a)
	v.AddArg(b)
	v.AddArg(c)
	v.AddArg(d)
}

func (v *Value) resetArgs() {
	for _, a := range v.Args {
		a.Uses--
	}
	v.argstorage[0] = nil
	v.argstorage[1] = nil
	v.argstorage[2] = nil
	v.Args = v.argstorage[:0]
}

// reset is called from most rewrite rules.
// Allowing it to be inlined increases the size
// of cmd/compile by almost 10%, and slows it down.
//
//go:noinline
func (v *Value) reset(op Op) {
	if v.InCache {
		v.Block.Func.unCache(v)
	}
	v.Op = op
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AuxInt = 0
	v.Aux = nil
}

// invalidateRecursively marks a value as invalid (unused)
// and after decrementing reference counts on its Args,
// also recursively invalidates any of those whose use
// count goes to zero.  It returns whether any of the
// invalidated values was marked with IsStmt.
//
// BEWARE of doing this *before* you've applied intended
// updates to SSA.
func (v *Value) invalidateRecursively() bool {
	lostStmt := v.Pos.IsStmt() == src.PosIsStmt
	if v.InCache {
		v.Block.Func.unCache(v)
	}
	v.Op = OpInvalid

	for _, a := range v.Args {
		a.Uses--
		if a.Uses == 0 {
			lost := a.invalidateRecursively()
			lostStmt = lost || lostStmt
		}
	}

	v.argstorage[0] = nil
	v.argstorage[1] = nil
	v.argstorage[2] = nil
	v.Args = v.argstorage[:0]

	v.AuxInt = 0
	v.Aux = nil
	return lostStmt
}

// copyOf is called from rewrite rules.
// It modifies v to be (Copy a).
//
//go:noinline
func (v *Value) copyOf(a *Value) {
	if v == a {
		return
	}
	if v.InCache {
		v.Block.Func.unCache(v)
	}
	v.Op = OpCopy
	v.resetArgs()
	v.AddArg(a)
	v.AuxInt = 0
	v.Aux = nil
	v.Type = a.Type
}

// copyInto makes a new value identical to v and adds it to the end of b.
// unlike copyIntoWithXPos this does not check for v.Pos being a statement.
func (v *Value) copyInto(b *Block) *Value {
	c := b.NewValue0(v.Pos.WithNotStmt(), v.Op, v.Type) // Lose the position, this causes line number churn otherwise.
	c.Aux = v.Aux
	c.AuxInt = v.AuxInt
	c.AddArgs(v.Args...)
	for _, a := range v.Args {
		if a.Type.IsMemory() {
			v.Fatalf("can't move a value with a memory arg %s", v.LongString())
		}
	}
	return c
}

// copyIntoWithXPos makes a new value identical to v and adds it to the end of b.
// The supplied position is used as the position of the new value.
// Because this is used for rematerialization, check for case that (rematerialized)
// input to value with position 'pos' carried a statement mark, and that the supplied
// position (of the instruction using the rematerialized value) is not marked, and
// preserve that mark if its line matches the supplied position.
func (v *Value) copyIntoWithXPos(b *Block, pos src.XPos) *Value {
	if v.Pos.IsStmt() == src.PosIsStmt && pos.IsStmt() != src.PosIsStmt && v.Pos.SameFileAndLine(pos) {
		pos = pos.WithIsStmt()
	}
	c := b.NewValue0(pos, v.Op, v.Type)
	c.Aux = v.Aux
	c.AuxInt = v.AuxInt
	c.AddArgs(v.Args...)
	for _, a := range v.Args {
		if a.Type.IsMemory() {
			v.Fatalf("can't move a value with a memory arg %s", v.LongString())
		}
	}
	return c
}

func (v *Value) Logf(msg string, args ...any) { v.Block.Logf(msg, args...) }
func (v *Value) Log() bool                    { return v.Block.Log() }
func (v *Value) Fatalf(msg string, args ...any) {
	v.Block.Func.fe.Fatalf(v.Pos, msg, args...)
}

// isGenericIntConst reports whether v is a generic integer constant.
func (v *Value) isGenericIntConst() bool {
	return v != nil && (v.Op == OpConst64 || v.Op == OpConst32 || v.Op == OpConst16 || v.Op == OpConst8)
}

// ResultReg returns the result register assigned to v, in cmd/internal/obj/$ARCH numbering.
// It is similar to Reg and Reg0, except that it is usable interchangeably for all Value Ops.
// If you know v.Op, using Reg or Reg0 (as appropriate) will be more efficient.
func (v *Value) ResultReg() int16 {
	reg := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil reg for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	if pair, ok := reg.(LocPair); ok {
		reg = pair[0]
	}
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil reg0 for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.(*Register).objNum
}

// Reg returns the register assigned to v, in cmd/internal/obj/$ARCH numbering.
func (v *Value) Reg() int16 {
	reg := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil register for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.(*Register).objNum
}

// Reg0 returns the register assigned to the first output of v, in cmd/internal/obj/$ARCH numbering.
func (v *Value) Reg0() int16 {
	reg := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID].(LocPair)[0]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil first register for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.(*Register).objNum
}

// Reg1 returns the register assigned to the second output of v, in cmd/internal/obj/$ARCH numbering.
func (v *Value) Reg1() int16 {
	reg := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID].(LocPair)[1]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil second register for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.(*Register).objNum
}

// RegTmp returns the temporary register assigned to v, in cmd/internal/obj/$ARCH numbering.
func (v *Value) RegTmp() int16 {
	reg := v.Block.Func.tempRegs[v.ID]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil tmp register for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.objNum
}

func (v *Value) RegName() string {
	reg := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID]
	if reg == nil {
		v.Fatalf("nil register for value: %s\n%s\n", v.LongString(), v.Block.Func)
	}
	return reg.(*Register).name
}

// MemoryArg returns the memory argument for the Value.
// The returned value, if non-nil, will be memory-typed (or a tuple with a memory-typed second part).
// Otherwise, nil is returned.
func (v *Value) MemoryArg() *Value {
	if v.Op == OpPhi {
		v.Fatalf("MemoryArg on Phi")
	}
	na := len(v.Args)
	if na == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	if m := v.Args[na-1]; m.Type.IsMemory() {
		return m
	}
	return nil
}

// LackingPos indicates whether v is a value that is unlikely to have a correct
// position assigned to it.  Ignoring such values leads to more user-friendly positions
// assigned to nearby values and the blocks containing them.
func (v *Value) LackingPos() bool {
	// The exact definition of LackingPos is somewhat heuristically defined and may change
	// in the future, for example if some of these operations are generated more carefully
	// with respect to their source position.
	return v.Op == OpVarDef || v.Op == OpVarLive || v.Op == OpPhi ||
		(v.Op == OpFwdRef || v.Op == OpCopy) && v.Type == types.TypeMem
}

// removeable reports whether the value v can be removed from the SSA graph entirely
// if its use count drops to 0.
func (v *Value) removeable() bool {
	if v.Type.IsVoid() {
		// Void ops (inline marks), must stay.
		return false
	}
	if opcodeTable[v.Op].nilCheck {
		// Nil pointer checks must stay.
		return false
	}
	if v.Type.IsMemory() {
		// We don't need to preserve all memory ops, but we do need
		// to keep calls at least (because they might have
		// synchronization operations we can't see).
		return false
	}
	if v.Op.HasSideEffects() {
		// These are mostly synchronization operations.
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// AutoVar returns a *Name and int64 representing the auto variable and offset within it
// where v should be spilled.
func AutoVar(v *Value) (*ir.Name, int64) {
	if loc, ok := v.Block.Func.RegAlloc[v.ID].(LocalSlot); ok {
		if v.Type.Size() > loc.Type.Size() {
			v.Fatalf("v%d: spill/restore type %v doesn't fit in slot type %v", v.ID, v.Type, loc.Type)
		}
		return loc.N, loc.Off
	}
	// Assume it is a register, return its spill slot, which needs to be live
	nameOff := v.Aux.(*AuxNameOffset)
	return nameOff.Name, nameOff.Offset
}

// CanSSA reports whether values of type t can be represented as a Value.
func CanSSA(t *types.Type) bool {
	types.CalcSize(t)
	if t.IsSIMD() {
		return true
	}
	if t.Size() == 0 {
		return true
	}
	sizeLimit := int64(MaxStruct * types.PtrSize)
	if t.Size() > sizeLimit {
		// 4*Widthptr is an arbitrary constant. We want it
		// to be at least 3*Widthptr so slices can be registerized.
		// Too big and we'll introduce too much register pressure.
		if !buildcfg.Experiment.SIMD {
			return false
		}
	}
	switch t.Kind() {
	case types.TARRAY:
		// We can't do larger arrays because dynamic indexing is
		// not supported on SSA variables.
		// TODO: allow if all indexes are constant.
		if t.NumElem() <= 1 {
			return CanSSA(t.Elem())
		}
		return false
	case types.TSTRUCT:
		if types.IsDirectIface(t) {
			// Note: even if t.NumFields()>MaxStruct! See issue 77534.
			return true
		}
		if t.NumFields() > MaxStruct {
			return false
		}
		for _, t1 := range t.Fields() {
			if !CanSSA(t1.Type) {
				return false
			}
		}
		// Special check for SIMD. If the composite type
		// contains SIMD vectors we can return true
		// if it pass the checks below.
		if !buildcfg.Experiment.SIMD {
			return true
		}
		if t.Size() <= sizeLimit {
			return true
		}
		i, f := t.Registers()
		return i+f <= MaxStruct
	default:
		return true
	}
}