go/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/deadstore.go

// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package ssa

import (
	"cmd/compile/internal/ir"
	"cmd/compile/internal/types"
	"cmd/internal/obj"
)

// maxShadowRanges bounds the number of disjoint byte intervals
// we track per pointer to avoid quadratic behaviour.
const maxShadowRanges = 64

// dse does dead-store elimination on the Function.
// Dead stores are those which are unconditionally followed by
// another store to the same location, with no intervening load.
// This implementation only works within a basic block. TODO: use something more global.
func dse(f *Func) {
	var stores []*Value
	loadUse := f.newSparseSet(f.NumValues())
	defer f.retSparseSet(loadUse)
	storeUse := f.newSparseSet(f.NumValues())
	defer f.retSparseSet(storeUse)
	shadowed := f.newSparseMap(f.NumValues())
	defer f.retSparseMap(shadowed)
	// localAddrs maps from a local variable (the Aux field of a LocalAddr value) to an instance of a LocalAddr value for that variable in the current block.
	localAddrs := map[any]*Value{}

	// shadowedRanges stores the actual range data. The 'shadowed' sparseMap stores a 1-based index into this slice.
	var shadowedRanges []*shadowRanges

	for _, b := range f.Blocks {
		// Find all the stores in this block. Categorize their uses:
		//  loadUse contains stores which are used by a subsequent load.
		//  storeUse contains stores which are used by a subsequent store.
		loadUse.clear()
		storeUse.clear()
		clear(localAddrs)
		stores = stores[:0]
		for _, v := range b.Values {
			if v.Op == OpPhi {
				// Ignore phis - they will always be first and can't be eliminated
				continue
			}
			if v.Type.IsMemory() {
				stores = append(stores, v)
				for _, a := range v.Args {
					if a.Block == b && a.Type.IsMemory() {
						storeUse.add(a.ID)
						if v.Op != OpStore && v.Op != OpZero && v.Op != OpVarDef {
							// CALL, DUFFCOPY, etc. are both
							// reads and writes.
							loadUse.add(a.ID)
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				if v.Op == OpLocalAddr {
					if _, ok := localAddrs[v.Aux]; !ok {
						localAddrs[v.Aux] = v
					}
					continue
				}
				if v.Op == OpInlMark || v.Op == OpConvert {
					// Not really a use of the memory. See #67957.
					continue
				}
				for _, a := range v.Args {
					if a.Block == b && a.Type.IsMemory() {
						loadUse.add(a.ID)
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if len(stores) == 0 {
			continue
		}

		// find last store in the block
		var last *Value
		for _, v := range stores {
			if storeUse.contains(v.ID) {
				continue
			}
			if last != nil {
				b.Fatalf("two final stores - simultaneous live stores %s %s", last.LongString(), v.LongString())
			}
			last = v
		}
		if last == nil {
			b.Fatalf("no last store found - cycle?")
		}

		// Walk backwards looking for dead stores. Keep track of shadowed addresses.
		// A "shadowed address" is a pointer, offset, and size describing a memory region that
		// is known to be written. We keep track of shadowed addresses in the shadowed map,
		// mapping the ID of the address to a shadowRanges where future writes will happen.
		// Since we're walking backwards, writes to a shadowed region are useless,
		// as they will be immediately overwritten.
		shadowed.clear()
		shadowedRanges = shadowedRanges[:0]
		v := last

	walkloop:
		if loadUse.contains(v.ID) {
			// Someone might be reading this memory state.
			// Clear all shadowed addresses.
			shadowed.clear()
			shadowedRanges = shadowedRanges[:0]
		}
		if v.Op == OpStore || v.Op == OpZero {
			ptr := v.Args[0]
			var off int64
			for ptr.Op == OpOffPtr { // Walk to base pointer
				off += ptr.AuxInt
				ptr = ptr.Args[0]
			}
			var sz int64
			if v.Op == OpStore {
				sz = v.Aux.(*types.Type).Size()
			} else { // OpZero
				sz = v.AuxInt
			}
			if ptr.Op == OpLocalAddr {
				if la, ok := localAddrs[ptr.Aux]; ok {
					ptr = la
				}
			}
			var si *shadowRanges
			idx, ok := shadowed.get(ptr.ID)
			if ok {
				// The sparseMap stores a 1-based index, so we subtract 1.
				si = shadowedRanges[idx-1]
			}

			if si != nil && si.contains(off, off+sz) {
				// Modify the store/zero into a copy of the memory state,
				// effectively eliding the store operation.
				if v.Op == OpStore {
					// store addr value mem
					v.SetArgs1(v.Args[2])
				} else {
					// zero addr mem
					v.SetArgs1(v.Args[1])
				}
				v.Aux = nil
				v.AuxInt = 0
				v.Op = OpCopy
			} else {
				// Extend shadowed region.
				if si == nil {
					si = &shadowRanges{}
					shadowedRanges = append(shadowedRanges, si)
					// Store a 1-based index in the sparseMap.
					shadowed.set(ptr.ID, int32(len(shadowedRanges)))
				}
				si.add(off, off+sz)
			}
		}
		// walk to previous store
		if v.Op == OpPhi {
			// At start of block.  Move on to next block.
			// The memory phi, if it exists, is always
			// the first logical store in the block.
			// (Even if it isn't the first in the current b.Values order.)
			continue
		}
		for _, a := range v.Args {
			if a.Block == b && a.Type.IsMemory() {
				v = a
				goto walkloop
			}
		}
	}
}

// shadowRange represents a single byte range [lo,hi] that will be written.
type shadowRange struct {
	lo, hi uint16
}

// shadowRanges stores an unordered collection of disjoint byte ranges.
type shadowRanges struct {
	ranges []shadowRange
}

// contains reports whether [lo:hi] is completely within sr.
func (sr *shadowRanges) contains(lo, hi int64) bool {
	for _, r := range sr.ranges {
		if lo >= int64(r.lo) && hi <= int64(r.hi) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (sr *shadowRanges) add(lo, hi int64) {
	// Ignore the store if:
	// - the range doesn't fit in 16 bits, or
	// - we already track maxShadowRanges intervals.
	// The cap prevents a theoretical O(n^2) blow-up.
	if lo < 0 || hi > 0xffff || len(sr.ranges) >= maxShadowRanges {
		return
	}
	nlo := lo
	nhi := hi
	out := sr.ranges[:0]

	for _, r := range sr.ranges {
		if nhi < int64(r.lo) || nlo > int64(r.hi) {
			out = append(out, r)
			continue
		}
		if int64(r.lo) < nlo {
			nlo = int64(r.lo)
		}
		if int64(r.hi) > nhi {
			nhi = int64(r.hi)
		}
	}
	sr.ranges = append(out, shadowRange{uint16(nlo), uint16(nhi)})
}

// elimDeadAutosGeneric deletes autos that are never accessed. To achieve this
// we track the operations that the address of each auto reaches and if it only
// reaches stores then we delete all the stores. The other operations will then
// be eliminated by the dead code elimination pass.
func elimDeadAutosGeneric(f *Func) {
	addr := make(map[*Value]*ir.Name)     // values that the address of the auto reaches
	elim := make(map[*Value]*ir.Name)     // values that could be eliminated if the auto is
	move := make(map[*ir.Name]ir.NameSet) // for a (Move &y &x _) and y is unused, move[y].Add(x)
	var used ir.NameSet                   // used autos that must be kept

	// Adds a name to used and, when it is the target of a move, also
	// propagates the used state to its source.
	var usedAdd func(n *ir.Name) bool
	usedAdd = func(n *ir.Name) bool {
		if used.Has(n) {
			return false
		}
		used.Add(n)
		if s := move[n]; s != nil {
			delete(move, n)
			for n := range s {
				usedAdd(n)
			}
		}
		return true
	}

	// visit the value and report whether any of the maps are updated
	visit := func(v *Value) (changed bool) {
		args := v.Args
		switch v.Op {
		case OpAddr, OpLocalAddr:
			// Propagate the address if it points to an auto.
			n, ok := v.Aux.(*ir.Name)
			if !ok || (n.Class != ir.PAUTO && !isABIInternalParam(f, n)) {
				return
			}
			if addr[v] == nil {
				addr[v] = n
				changed = true
			}
			return
		case OpVarDef:
			// v should be eliminated if we eliminate the auto.
			n, ok := v.Aux.(*ir.Name)
			if !ok || (n.Class != ir.PAUTO && !isABIInternalParam(f, n)) {
				return
			}
			if elim[v] == nil {
				elim[v] = n
				changed = true
			}
			return
		case OpVarLive:
			// Don't delete the auto if it needs to be kept alive.

			// We depend on this check to keep the autotmp stack slots
			// for open-coded defers from being removed (since they
			// may not be used by the inline code, but will be used by
			// panic processing).
			n, ok := v.Aux.(*ir.Name)
			if !ok || (n.Class != ir.PAUTO && !isABIInternalParam(f, n)) {
				return
			}
			changed = usedAdd(n) || changed
			return
		case OpStore, OpMove, OpZero:
			// v should be eliminated if we eliminate the auto.
			n, ok := addr[args[0]]
			if ok && elim[v] == nil {
				elim[v] = n
				changed = true
			}
			// Other args might hold pointers to autos.
			args = args[1:]
		}

		// The code below assumes that we have handled all the ops
		// with sym effects already. Sanity check that here.
		// Ignore Args since they can't be autos.
		if v.Op.SymEffect() != SymNone && v.Op != OpArg {
			panic("unhandled op with sym effect")
		}

		if v.Uses == 0 && v.Op != OpNilCheck && !v.Op.IsCall() && !v.Op.HasSideEffects() || len(args) == 0 {
			// We need to keep nil checks even if they have no use.
			// Also keep calls and values that have side effects.
			return
		}

		// If the address of the auto reaches a memory or control
		// operation not covered above then we probably need to keep it.
		// We also need to keep autos if they reach Phis (issue #26153).
		if v.Type.IsMemory() || v.Type.IsFlags() || v.Op == OpPhi || v.MemoryArg() != nil {
			for _, a := range args {
				if n, ok := addr[a]; ok {
					// If the addr of n is used by an OpMove as its source arg,
					// and the OpMove's target arg is the addr of a unused name,
					// then temporarily treat n as unused, and record in move map.
					if nam, ok := elim[v]; ok && v.Op == OpMove && !used.Has(nam) {
						if used.Has(n) {
							continue
						}
						s := move[nam]
						if s == nil {
							s = ir.NameSet{}
							move[nam] = s
						}
						s.Add(n)
						continue
					}
					changed = usedAdd(n) || changed
				}
			}
			return
		}

		// Propagate any auto addresses through v.
		var node *ir.Name
		for _, a := range args {
			if n, ok := addr[a]; ok {
				if node == nil {
					if !used.Has(n) {
						node = n
					}
				} else {
					if node == n {
						continue
					}
					// Most of the time we only see one pointer
					// reaching an op, but some ops can take
					// multiple pointers (e.g. NeqPtr, Phi etc.).
					// This is rare, so just propagate the first
					// value to keep things simple.
					changed = usedAdd(n) || changed
				}
			}
		}
		if node == nil {
			return
		}
		if addr[v] == nil {
			// The address of an auto reaches this op.
			addr[v] = node
			changed = true
			return
		}
		if addr[v] != node {
			// This doesn't happen in practice, but catch it just in case.
			changed = usedAdd(node) || changed
		}
		return
	}

	iterations := 0
	for {
		if iterations == 4 {
			// give up
			return
		}
		iterations++
		changed := false
		for _, b := range f.Blocks {
			for _, v := range b.Values {
				changed = visit(v) || changed
			}
			// keep the auto if its address reaches a control value
			for _, c := range b.ControlValues() {
				if n, ok := addr[c]; ok {
					changed = usedAdd(n) || changed
				}
			}
		}
		if !changed {
			break
		}
	}

	// Eliminate stores to unread autos.
	for v, n := range elim {
		if used.Has(n) {
			continue
		}
		// replace with OpCopy
		v.SetArgs1(v.MemoryArg())
		v.Aux = nil
		v.AuxInt = 0
		v.Op = OpCopy
	}
}

// elimUnreadAutos deletes stores (and associated bookkeeping ops VarDef and VarKill)
// to autos that are never read from.
func elimUnreadAutos(f *Func) {
	// Loop over all ops that affect autos taking note of which
	// autos we need and also stores that we might be able to
	// eliminate.
	var seen ir.NameSet
	var stores []*Value
	for _, b := range f.Blocks {
		for _, v := range b.Values {
			n, ok := v.Aux.(*ir.Name)
			if !ok {
				continue
			}
			if n.Class != ir.PAUTO && !isABIInternalParam(f, n) {
				continue
			}

			effect := v.Op.SymEffect()
			switch effect {
			case SymNone, SymWrite:
				// If we haven't seen the auto yet
				// then this might be a store we can
				// eliminate.
				if !seen.Has(n) {
					stores = append(stores, v)
				}
			default:
				// Assume the auto is needed (loaded,
				// has its address taken, etc.).
				// Note we have to check the uses
				// because dead loads haven't been
				// eliminated yet.
				if v.Uses > 0 {
					seen.Add(n)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Eliminate stores to unread autos.
	for _, store := range stores {
		n, _ := store.Aux.(*ir.Name)
		if seen.Has(n) {
			continue
		}

		// replace store with OpCopy
		store.SetArgs1(store.MemoryArg())
		store.Aux = nil
		store.AuxInt = 0
		store.Op = OpCopy
	}
}

// isABIInternalParam returns whether n is a parameter of an ABIInternal
// function. For dead store elimination, we can treat parameters the same
// way as autos. Storing to a parameter can be removed if it is not read
// or address-taken.
//
// We check ABI here because for a cgo_unsafe_arg function (which is ABI0),
// all the args are effectively address-taken, but not necessarily have
// an Addr or LocalAddr op. We could probably just check for cgo_unsafe_arg,
// but ABIInternal is mostly what matters.
func isABIInternalParam(f *Func, n *ir.Name) bool {
	return n.Class == ir.PPARAM && f.ABISelf.Which() == obj.ABIInternal
}