go/src/mime/multipart/writer.go

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package multipart

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/rand"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"maps"
	"net/textproto"
	"slices"
	"strings"
)

// A Writer generates multipart messages.
type Writer struct {
	w        io.Writer
	boundary string
	lastpart *part
}

// NewWriter returns a new multipart [Writer] with a random boundary,
// writing to w.
func NewWriter(w io.Writer) *Writer {
	return &Writer{
		w:        w,
		boundary: randomBoundary(),
	}
}

// Boundary returns the [Writer]'s boundary.
func (w *Writer) Boundary() string {
	return w.boundary
}

// SetBoundary overrides the [Writer]'s default randomly-generated
// boundary separator with an explicit value.
//
// SetBoundary must be called before any parts are created, may only
// contain certain ASCII characters, and must be non-empty and
// at most 70 bytes long.
func (w *Writer) SetBoundary(boundary string) error {
	if w.lastpart != nil {
		return errors.New("mime: SetBoundary called after write")
	}
	// rfc2046#section-5.1.1
	if len(boundary) < 1 || len(boundary) > 70 {
		return errors.New("mime: invalid boundary length")
	}
	end := len(boundary) - 1
	for i, b := range boundary {
		if 'A' <= b && b <= 'Z' || 'a' <= b && b <= 'z' || '0' <= b && b <= '9' {
			continue
		}
		switch b {
		case '\'', '(', ')', '+', '_', ',', '-', '.', '/', ':', '=', '?':
			continue
		case ' ':
			if i != end {
				continue
			}
		}
		return errors.New("mime: invalid boundary character")
	}
	w.boundary = boundary
	return nil
}

// FormDataContentType returns the Content-Type for an HTTP
// multipart/form-data with this [Writer]'s Boundary.
func (w *Writer) FormDataContentType() string {
	b := w.boundary
	// We must quote the boundary if it contains any of the
	// tspecials characters defined by RFC 2045, or space.
	if strings.ContainsAny(b, `()<>@,;:\"/[]?= `) {
		b = `"` + b + `"`
	}
	return "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + b
}

func randomBoundary() string {
	var buf [30]byte
	_, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, buf[:])
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", buf[:])
}

// CreatePart creates a new multipart section with the provided
// header. The body of the part should be written to the returned
// [Writer]. After calling CreatePart, any previous part may no longer
// be written to.
func (w *Writer) CreatePart(header textproto.MIMEHeader) (io.Writer, error) {
	if w.lastpart != nil {
		if err := w.lastpart.close(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	var b bytes.Buffer
	if w.lastpart != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\r\n--%s\r\n", w.boundary)
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "--%s\r\n", w.boundary)
	}

	for _, k := range slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(header)) {
		for _, v := range header[k] {
			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s: %s\r\n", k, v)
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\r\n")
	_, err := io.Copy(w.w, &b)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	p := &part{
		mw: w,
	}
	w.lastpart = p
	return p, nil
}

var quoteEscaper = strings.NewReplacer("\\", "\\\\", `"`, "\\\"", "\r", "%0D", "\n", "%0A")

// escapeQuotes escapes special characters in field parameter values.
//
// For historical reasons, this uses \ escaping for " and \ characters,
// and percent encoding for CR and LF.
//
// The WhatWG specification for form data encoding suggests that we should
// use percent encoding for " (%22), and should not escape \.
// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart/form-data-encoding-algorithm
//
// Empirically, as of the time this comment was written, it is necessary
// to escape \ characters or else Chrome (and possibly other browsers) will
// interpet the unescaped \ as an escape.
func escapeQuotes(s string) string {
	return quoteEscaper.Replace(s)
}

// CreateFormFile is a convenience wrapper around [Writer.CreatePart]. It creates
// a new form-data header with the provided field name and file name.
func (w *Writer) CreateFormFile(fieldname, filename string) (io.Writer, error) {
	h := make(textproto.MIMEHeader)
	h.Set("Content-Disposition", FileContentDisposition(fieldname, filename))
	h.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
	return w.CreatePart(h)
}

// CreateFormField calls [Writer.CreatePart] with a header using the
// given field name.
func (w *Writer) CreateFormField(fieldname string) (io.Writer, error) {
	h := make(textproto.MIMEHeader)
	h.Set("Content-Disposition",
		fmt.Sprintf(`form-data; name="%s"`, escapeQuotes(fieldname)))
	return w.CreatePart(h)
}

// FileContentDisposition returns the value of a Content-Disposition header
// with the provided field name and file name.
func FileContentDisposition(fieldname, filename string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf(`form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"`,
		escapeQuotes(fieldname), escapeQuotes(filename))
}

// WriteField calls [Writer.CreateFormField] and then writes the given value.
func (w *Writer) WriteField(fieldname, value string) error {
	p, err := w.CreateFormField(fieldname)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = p.Write([]byte(value))
	return err
}

// Close finishes the multipart message and writes the trailing
// boundary end line to the output.
func (w *Writer) Close() error {
	if w.lastpart != nil {
		if err := w.lastpart.close(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		w.lastpart = nil
	}
	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w.w, "\r\n--%s--\r\n", w.boundary)
	return err
}

type part struct {
	mw     *Writer
	closed bool
	we     error // last error that occurred writing
}

func (p *part) close() error {
	p.closed = true
	return p.we
}

func (p *part) Write(d []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if p.closed {
		return 0, errors.New("multipart: can't write to finished part")
	}
	n, err = p.mw.w.Write(d)
	if err != nil {
		p.we = err
	}
	return
}