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| <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968"><title>mount</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="using-utils.html" title="Cygwin Utilities"><link rel="prev" href="mkpasswd.html" title="mkpasswd"><link rel="next" href="newgrp.html" title="newgrp"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">mount</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mkpasswd.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Cygwin Utilities</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="newgrp.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="refentry"><a name="mount"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>mount — Display information about mounted filesystems, or mount a filesystem</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> [-f] [-o <em class="replaceable"><code>MOUNT_OPTION,</code></em>... ] |
| <em class="replaceable"><code>WIN32PATH</code></em> |
| <em class="replaceable"><code>POSIXPATH</code></em> |
| </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> -a </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>POSIXPATH</code></em> </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> [-m]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> -c <em class="replaceable"><code>POSIXPATH</code></em> | -p </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mount</code> -h | -V </p></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="mount-options"></a><h2>Options</h2><pre class="screen"> |
| -a, --all mount all filesystems mentioned in fstab |
| -c, --change-cygdrive-prefix change the cygdrive path prefix to <posixpath> |
| -f, --force force mount, don't warn about missing mount |
| point directories |
| -h, --help output usage information and exit |
| -m, --mount-entries write fstab entries to replicate mount points |
| and cygdrive prefixes |
| -o, --options X[,X...] specify mount options |
| -p, --show-cygdrive-prefix show user and/or system cygdrive path prefix |
| -V, --version output version information and exit |
| </pre></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="mount-desc"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>The <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> program is used to map your drives and |
| shares onto Cygwin's simulated POSIX directory tree, much like as is done |
| by mount commands on typical UNIX systems. However, in contrast to mount |
| points given in <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code>, mount points created or |
| changed with <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> are not persistent. They disappear |
| immediately after the last process of the current user exited. Please see |
| <a class="xref" href="using.html#mount-table" title="The Cygwin Mount Table">the section called “The Cygwin Mount Table”</a> for more information on the concepts behind |
| the Cygwin POSIX file system and strategies for using mounts. To remove |
| mounts temporarily, use <span class="command"><strong>umount</strong></span></p><div class="refsect2"><a name="utils-mount"></a><h3>Using mount</h3><p>If you just type <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> with no parameters, it |
| will display the current mount table for you.</p><div class="example"><a name="utils-mount-ex"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 3.11. Displaying the current set of mount points</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount</code></strong> |
| C:/cygwin/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary) |
| C:/cygwin/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary) |
| C:/cygwin on / type ntfs (binary) |
| C: on /mnt/c type ntfs (binary,user,noumount) |
| D: on /mnt/d type fat (binary,user,noumount) |
| </pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>In this example, c:/cygwin is the POSIX root and the D drive is |
| mapped to <code class="filename">/mnt/d</code>. Note that in this case, the root |
| mount is a system-wide mount point that is visible to all users running |
| Cygwin programs, whereas the <code class="filename">/mnt/d</code> mount is only |
| visible to the current user.</p><p>The <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> utility is also the mechanism for |
| adding new mounts to the mount table in memory. The following example |
| demonstrates how to mount the directory |
| <code class="filename">//pollux/home/joe/data</code> to |
| <code class="filename">/data</code> for the duration of the current session. </p><div class="example"><a name="utils-mount-add-ex"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 3.12. Adding mount points</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>ls /data</code></strong> |
| ls: /data: No such file or directory |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount //pollux/home/joe/data /data</code></strong> |
| mount: warning - /data does not exist! |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount</code></strong> |
| //pollux/home/joe/data on /data type smbfs (binary) |
| C:/cygwin/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary) |
| C:/cygwin/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary) |
| C:/cygwin on / type ntfs (binary) |
| C: on /c type ntfs (binary,user,noumount) |
| D: on /d type fat (binary,user,noumount) |
| </pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>A given POSIX path may only exist once in the mount table. Attempts |
| to replace the mount will fail with a busy error. The |
| <code class="literal">-f</code> (force) option causes the old mount to be |
| silently replaced with the new one, provided the old mount point was a |
| user mount point. It's not valid to replace system-wide mount points. |
| Additionally, the <code class="literal">-f</code> option will silence warnings |
| about the non-existence of directories at the Win32 path |
| location.</p><p> The <code class="literal">-o</code> option is the method via which various |
| options about the mount point may be recorded. The following options |
| are available (note that most of the options are duplicates of other |
| mount flags):</p><pre class="screen"> |
| acl - Use the filesystem's access control lists (ACLs) to |
| implement real POSIX permissions (default). |
| binary - Files default to binary mode (default). |
| bind - Allows to remount part of the file hierarchy somewhere else. |
| Different from other mount calls, the first argument |
| specifies an absolute POSIX path, rather than a Win32 path. |
| This POSIX path is remounted to the POSIX path specified as |
| the second parameter. The conversion to a Win32 path is done |
| within Cygwin immediately at the time of the call. Note that |
| symlinks are ignored while performing this path conversion. |
| cygexec - Treat all files below mount point as cygwin executables. |
| dos - Always convert leading spaces and trailing dots and spaces to |
| characters in the UNICODE private use area. This allows to use |
| broken filesystems which only allow DOS filenames, even if they |
| are not recognized as such by Cygwin. |
| exec - Treat all files below mount point as executable. |
| ihash - Always fake inode numbers rather than using the ones returned |
| by the filesystem. This allows to use broken filesystems which |
| don't return unambiguous inode numbers, even if they are not |
| recognized as such by Cygwin. |
| noacl - Ignore ACLs and fake POSIX permissions. |
| nosuid - No suid files are allowed (currently unimplemented) |
| notexec - Treat all files below mount point as not executable. |
| override - Override immutable mount points. |
| posix=0 - Switch off case sensitivity for paths under this mount point. |
| posix=1 - Switch on case sensitivity for paths under this mount point |
| (default). |
| sparse - Switch on support for sparse files. This option only makes |
| sense on NTFS and then only if you really need sparse files. |
| This flag is always silently enabled on SSD drives. |
| text - Files default to CRLF text mode line endings. |
| </pre><p>For a more complete description of the mount options and the |
| <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code> file, see <a class="xref" href="using.html#mount-table" title="The Cygwin Mount Table">the section called “The Cygwin Mount Table”</a>.</p><p>Note that all mount points added with <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> are |
| user mount points. System mount points can only be specified in the |
| <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code> file.</p><p>If you added mount points to <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code> or |
| your <code class="filename">/etc/fstab.d/<username></code> file, you can |
| add these mount points to your current user session using the |
| <code class="literal">-a/--all</code> option, or by specifing the posix path |
| alone on the command line. As an example, consider you added a mount |
| point with the POSIX path <code class="filename">/my/mount</code>. You can add |
| this mount point with either one of the following two commands to your |
| current user session.</p><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount /my/mount</code></strong> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount -a</code></strong> |
| </pre><p>The first command just adds the <code class="filename">/my/mount</code> |
| mount point to your current session, the <span class="command"><strong>mount -a</strong></span> |
| adds all new mount points to your user session.</p><p>If you change a mount point to point to another native path, or if |
| you changed the flags of a mount point, you have to |
| <span class="command"><strong>umount</strong></span> the mount point first, before you can add it |
| again. Please note that all such added mount points are added as user |
| mount points, and that the rule that system mount points can't be |
| removed or replaced in a running session still applies.</p><p>To bind a POSIX path to another POSIX path, use the |
| <code class="literal">bind</code> mount flag.</p><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount -o bind /var /usr/var</code></strong> |
| </pre><p>This command makes the file hirarchy under |
| <code class="filename">/var</code> additionally available under |
| <code class="filename">/usr/var</code>.</p><p> The <code class="literal">-m</code> option causes the |
| <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> utility to output the current mount table in a |
| series of fstab entries. You can save this output as a backup when |
| experimenting with the mount table. Copy the output to |
| <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code> to restore the old state. It also makes |
| moving your settings to a different machine much easier.</p></div><div class="refsect2"><a name="utils-cygdrive"></a><h3>Cygdrive mount points</h3><p>Whenever Cygwin cannot use any of the existing mounts to convert |
| from a particular Win32 path to a POSIX one, Cygwin will, instead, |
| convert to a POSIX path using a default mount point: |
| <code class="filename">/cygdrive</code>. For example, if Cygwin accesses |
| <code class="filename">z:\foo</code> and the z drive is not currently in the |
| mount table, then <code class="filename">z:\</code> will be accessible as |
| <code class="filename">/cygdrive/z</code>. The <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> utility |
| can be used to change this default automount prefix through the use of |
| the "--change-cygdrive-prefix" option. In the following example, we |
| will set the automount prefix to <code class="filename">/mnt</code>:</p><div class="example"><a name="utils-cygdrive-ex"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 3.13. Changing the default prefix</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount --change-cygdrive-prefix /mnt</code></strong> |
| </pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>Note that the cygdrive prefix can be set both per-user and |
| system-wide, and that as with all mounts, a user-specific mount takes |
| precedence over the system-wide setting. The <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> |
| utility creates system-wide mounts by default if you do not specify a |
| type. You can always see the user and system cygdrive prefixes with the |
| <code class="literal">-p</code> option. Using the <code class="literal">--options</code> |
| flag with <code class="literal">--change-cygdrive-prefix</code> makes all new |
| automounted filesystems default to this set of options. For instance |
| (using the short form of the command line flags)</p><div class="example"><a name="utils-cygdrive-ex2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 3.14. Changing the default prefix with specific mount options</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"> |
| <code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mount -c /mnt -o binary,noacl</code></strong> |
| </pre></div></div><br class="example-break"></div><div class="refsect2"><a name="utils-limitations"></a><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Limitations: there is a hard-coded limit of 64 mount points. |
| Also, although you can mount to pathnames that do not start with "/", |
| there is no way to make use of such mount points.</p><p>Normally the POSIX mount point in Cygwin is an existing empty |
| directory, as in standard UNIX. If this is the case, or if there is a |
| place-holder for the mount point (such as a file, a symbolic link |
| pointing anywhere, or a non-empty directory), you will get the expected |
| behavior. Files present in a mount point directory before the mount |
| become invisible to Cygwin programs. </p><p>It is sometimes desirable to mount to a non-existent directory, for |
| example to avoid cluttering the root directory with names such as |
| <code class="filename">a</code>, <code class="filename">b</code>, <code class="filename">c</code> |
| pointing to disks. Although <span class="command"><strong>mount</strong></span> will give you a |
| warning, most everything will work properly when you refer to the mount |
| point explicitly. Some strange effects can occur however. For example |
| if your current working directory is <code class="filename">/dir</code>, say, |
| and <code class="filename">/dir/mtpt</code> is a mount point, then |
| <code class="filename">mtpt</code> will not show up in an <span class="command"><strong>ls</strong></span> |
| or <span class="command"><strong>echo *</strong></span> command and <span class="command"><strong>find .</strong></span> will |
| not find <code class="filename">mtpt</code>. </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mkpasswd.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="using-utils.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="newgrp.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">mkpasswd </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="cygwin-ug-net.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> newgrp</td></tr></table></div></body></html> |
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