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| <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968"><title>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="prev" href="ov-new.html" title="What's new and what changed in Cygwin"><link rel="next" href="setup-env.html" title="Environment Variables"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ov-new.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup-env.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="setup-net"></a>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-net.html#internet-setup">Internet Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-download">Download Source</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-dir">Selecting an Install Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-localdir">Local Package Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-connection">Connection Method</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-mirror">Choosing Mirrors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-packages">Choosing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-progress">Download and Installation Progress</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-icons">Shortcuts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-postinstall">Post-Install Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-env.html">Environment Variables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-win32">Restricted Win32 environment</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-maxmem.html">Changing Cygwin's Maximum Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-locale.html">Internationalization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-how">How to set the locale</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-console">The Windows Console character set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-problems">Potential Problems when using Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-charsetlist">List of supported character sets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-files.html">Customizing bash</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="internet-setup"></a>Internet Setup</h2></div></div></div><p>To install the Cygwin net release, go to <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/</a> and run |
| <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe" target="_top">setup-x86_64.exe</a> |
| to install the 64 bit version of Cygwin. This will download a GUI |
| installer which can be run to download a complete cygwin installation |
| via the internet. Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin. |
| </p><p> |
| The <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installer is designed to be easy |
| for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the |
| experienced. The volunteer development team is constantly working |
| on <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>; before requesting a new feature, |
| check the wishlist in the |
| <a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=cygwin-setup.git;a=blob_plain;f=README;hb=HEAD" target="_top">Git <code class="literal">README</code> |
| </a>. It may already be present in the Git version! |
| </p><p> |
| On Windows Vista and later, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will check by |
| default if it runs with administrative privileges and, if not, will try |
| to elevate the process. If you want to avoid this behaviour and install |
| under an unprivileged account just for your own usage, run |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> with the <code class="literal">--no-admin</code> option. |
| </p><p> |
| Since the default value for each option is the logical choice for |
| most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment |
| installed by simply clicking the <code class="literal">Next</code> button |
| at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror, |
| which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at |
| <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a>. For more details about each of page of the |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installation, read on below. |
| Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding |
| of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want |
| to make use of <a class="ulink" href="http://www.google.com/search?q=new+to+unix" target="_top"> |
| other resources</a>. |
| </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-download"></a>Download Source</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| Cygwin uses packages to manage installing various software. When |
| the default <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code> option is chosen, |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> creates a local directory to store |
| the packages before actually installing the contents. |
| <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> performs only the first |
| part (storing the packages locally), while |
| <code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code> performs only the |
| second (installing the contents of the packages). |
| </p><p> |
| The <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> option is mainly |
| for creating a base Cygwin package tree on one computer for |
| installation on several machines with |
| <code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>; copy the |
| entire local package tree to another machine with the directory |
| tree intact. For example, you might create a <code class="literal">C:\cache\</code> |
| directory and place <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> in it. Run |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code> |
| or <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code>, then copy the whole |
| <code class="literal">C:\cache\</code> to each machine and instead choose |
| <code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>. |
| </p><p> |
| Though this provides some basic mirroring functionality, if you |
| are managing a large Cygwin installation, to keep up to date we recommend |
| using a mirroring tool such as <span class="command"><strong>wget</strong></span>. A helpful user on |
| the Cygwin mailing list created a simple demonstration script to accomplish |
| this; search the list for <span class="command"><strong>mkcygwget</strong></span> for ideas. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-dir"></a>Selecting an Install Directory</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| The <code class="literal">Root Directory</code> for Cygwin (default |
| <code class="literal">C:\cygwin</code>) will become <code class="literal">/</code> |
| within your Cygwin installation. You must have write access to |
| the parent directory, and any ACLs on the parent directory will |
| determine access to installed files. |
| </p><p> |
| The <code class="literal">Install For</code> options of <code class="literal">All Users</code> |
| or <code class="literal">Just Me</code> should always be left on the default |
| <code class="literal">All Users</code>, unless you do not have write access to |
| <code class="literal">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</code> in the registry or the All Users |
| Start Menu. This is true even if you are the only user planning to use Cygwin |
| on the machine. Note that selecting <code class="literal">Just Me</code> will cause |
| problems for Cygwin applications running as service, such as |
| <span class="command"><strong>crond</strong></span> or <span class="command"><strong>sshd</strong></span>. |
| If you do not have the necessary permissions, but still want to use these |
| programs, consult the Cygwin mailing list archives about others' experiences. |
|
|
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-localdir"></a>Local Package Directory</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| The <code class="literal">Local Package Directory</code> is the cache where |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> stores the packages before they are |
| installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin |
| root. Within the cache, a separate directory is created for each |
| Cygwin mirror, which allows <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to use |
| multiple mirrors and custom packages. After installing Cygwin, |
| the cache is no longer necessary, but you may want to retain the |
| packages as backups, for installing Cygwin to another system, |
| or in case you need to reinstall a package. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-connection"></a>Connection Method</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| The <code class="literal">Direct Connection</code> method of downloading will |
| directly connect. If your system is configured to use a proxy server or |
| auto-configuration scripts, the <code class="literal">Use System Proxy Settings</code> |
| method uses those settings. Alternatively, you can manually enter proxy |
| settings into the <code class="literal">Use HTTP/FTP Proxy</code> section. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-mirror"></a>Choosing Mirrors</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading |
| Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site. Cygwin mirrors |
| are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at |
| <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a> |
| to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down |
| <code class="literal">CTRL</code> and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of |
| an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin |
| mirror) you can add it. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-packages"></a>Choosing Packages</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| For each selected mirror site, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> downloads a |
| small text file called <code class="literal">setup.bz2</code> that contains a list |
| of packages available from that site along with some basic information about |
| each package which <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> parses and uses to create the |
| chooser window. For details about the format of this file, see the |
| <a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html" target="_top">setup homepage</a>. |
| </p><p> |
| The chooser is the most complex part of <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>. |
| Packages are grouped into categories, and one package may belong to multiple |
| categories (assigned by the volunteer package maintainer). Each package |
| can be found under any of those categories in the hierarchical chooser view. |
| By default, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| will install only the packages in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category |
| and their dependencies, resulting in a minimal Cygwin installation. |
| However, this will not include many commonly used tools such as |
| <span class="command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> (which you will find in the <code class="literal">Devel</code> |
| category). Since <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> automatically selects |
| dependencies, be careful not to unselect any required packages. In |
| particular, everything in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category is |
| required. |
| </p><p> |
| You can change <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>'s view style, which is helpful |
| if you know the name of a package you want to install but not which |
| category it is in. |
| Click on the <code class="literal">View</code> button and it will rotate between |
| <code class="literal">Category</code> (the default), <code class="literal">Full</code> (all |
| packages), and <code class="literal">Pending</code> (only packages to be |
| installed, removed or upgraded). |
| If you are familiar with Unix, you will probably want to at least glance |
| through the <code class="literal">Full</code> listing for your favorite tools. |
| </p><p> |
| Once you have an existing Cygwin installation, the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| chooser is also used to manage your Cygwin installation. |
| Information on installed packages is kept in the |
| <code class="literal">/etc/setup/</code> directory of your Cygwin installation; if |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> cannot find this directory it will act as if |
| you have no Cygwin installation. If <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| finds a newer version of an installed package available, it will automatically |
| mark it to be upgraded. |
| To <code class="literal">Uninstall</code>, <code class="literal">Reinstall</code>, or get the |
| <code class="literal">Source</code> for an existing package, click on |
| <code class="literal">Keep</code> to toggle it. |
| Also, to avoid the need to reboot after upgrading, make sure |
| to close all Cygwin windows and stop all Cygwin processes before |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> begins to install the upgraded package. |
| </p><p> |
| To avoid unintentionally upgrading, use the <code class="literal">Pending</code> |
| view to see which packages have been marked for upgrading. If you |
| don't want to upgrade a package, click on the new version number to |
| toggle it until it says <code class="literal">Keep</code>. All packages can be |
| set to stay at the installed version by pressing the <code class="literal">Keep</code> |
| button in the top right part of the chooser window. |
| </p><p> |
| A previous version of each package is usually available, in case downgrading |
| is required to avoid a serious bug in the current version of the package. |
| Packages also occasionally have testing (or "experimental") versions available. |
| Previous and experimental versions can be chosen by clicking on the package's |
| <code class="literal">New</code> column until the required version appears. |
| </p><p> |
| All available experimental packages can be selected by pressing the |
| <code class="literal">Exp</code> in the top right part of the chooser window. |
| Be warned, however, that the next time you run <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| it will try to replace all old or experimental versions with the current |
| version, unless told otherwise. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-progress"></a>Download and Installation Progress</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| First, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will download all selected packages |
| to the local directory chosen earlier. Before installing, |
| <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> performs a checksum on each package. If the |
| local directory is a slow medium (such as a network drive) this can take |
| a long time. During the download and installation, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| shows progress bars for the current task and total remaining disk space. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-icons"></a>Shortcuts</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| You may choose to install "Cygwin Terminal" shortcuts on the Desktop |
| and/or Start Menu. These shortcuts run <span class="command"><strong>mintty</strong></span>, |
| which will start your default shell as specified |
| in <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code>. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-postinstall"></a>Post-Install Scripts</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| Last of all, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will run any post-install |
| scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages. |
| When the last post-install script is completed, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> |
| will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as |
| the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration. |
| Relevant documentation can be found in the <code class="literal">/usr/doc/Cygwin/</code> |
| or <code class="literal">/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/</code> directory. |
| </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-troubleshooting"></a>Troubleshooting</h3></div></div></div><p> |
| Unfortunately, the complex setup process means that odd problems can |
| occur. If you're having trouble downloading packages, it may be network |
| congestion, so try a different mirror and/or a different protocol (i.e., |
| HTTP instead of FTP). If you notice something is not working after |
| running setup, you can check the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> log file |
| at <code class="literal">/var/log/setup.log.full</code>. Make a backup of this |
| file before running <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> again, and follow the |
| steps for <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/problems.html" target="_top">Reporting |
| Problems with Cygwin</a>. |
| </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ov-new.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup-env.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">What's new and what changed in Cygwin </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="cygwin-ug-net.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Environment Variables</td></tr></table></div></body></html> |
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