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| npm command-line interface
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| <header class="title">
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| <h1 id="----npm-exec----11130">
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| <span>npm-exec</span>
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| <span class="version">@11.13.0</span>
|
| </h1>
|
| <span class="description">Run a command from a local or remote npm package</span>
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| </header>
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|
|
| <section id="table_of_contents">
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| <h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
|
| <div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></a></li><li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li><ul><li><a href="#package"><code>package</code></a></li><li><a href="#call"><code>call</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspace"><code>workspace</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></a></li><li><a href="#include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></a></li></ul><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#workspaces-support">Workspaces support</a></li><ul><li><a href="#filtering-workspaces">Filtering workspaces</a></li></ul><li><a href="#compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</a></li><li><a href="#a-note-on-caching">A note on caching</a></li><ul><li><a href="#prefer-online">prefer-online</a></li><li><a href="#prefer-offline">prefer-offline</a></li><li><a href="#offline">offline</a></li><li><a href="#workspace2">workspace</a></li><li><a href="#workspaces2">workspaces</a></li></ul><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
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| </section>
|
|
|
| <div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
|
| <pre><code class="language-bash">npm exec -- <pkg>[@<version>] [args...]
|
| npm exec --package=<pkg>[@<version>] -- <cmd> [args...]
|
| npm exec -c '<cmd> [args...]'
|
| npm exec --package=foo -c '<cmd> [args...]'
|
|
|
| alias: x
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <h3 id="description">Description</h3>
|
| <p>This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context as running it via <code>npm run</code>.</p>
|
| <p>Run without positional arguments or <code>--call</code>, this allows you to interactively run commands in the same sort of shell environment that <code>package.json</code> scripts are run.
|
| Interactive mode is not supported in CI environments when standard input is a TTY, to prevent hangs.</p>
|
| <p>Whatever packages are specified by the <code>--package</code> option will be provided in the <code>PATH</code> of the executed command, along with any locally installed package executables.
|
| The <code>--package</code> option may be specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment where all specified packages are available.</p>
|
| <p>If any requested packages are not present in the local project dependencies, then a prompt is printed, which can be suppressed by providing either <code>--yes</code> or <code>--no</code>.
|
| When standard input is not a TTY or a CI environment is detected, <code>--yes</code> is assumed.
|
| The requested packages are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which is added to the <code>PATH</code> environment variable in the executed process.</p>
|
| <p>Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever version exists in the local project.
|
| Package names with a specifier will only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as the local dependency.</p>
|
| <p>If no <code>-c</code> or <code>--call</code> option is provided, then the positional arguments are used to generate the command string.
|
| If no <code>--package</code> options are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according to the following heuristic:</p>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>If the package has a single entry in its <code>bin</code> field in <code>package.json</code>, or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command will be used.</li>
|
| <li>If the package has multiple <code>bin</code> entries, and one of them matches the unscoped portion of the <code>name</code> field, then that command will be used.</li>
|
| <li>If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are no bin entries, or none of them match the <code>name</code> of the package), then <code>npm exec</code> exits with an error.</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>To run a binary <em>other than</em> the named binary, specify one or more <code>--package</code> options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from the first command argument.</p>
|
| <h3 id="npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></h3>
|
| <p>When run via the <code>npx</code> binary, all flags and options <em>must</em> be set prior to any positional arguments.
|
| When run via <code>npm exec</code>, a double-hyphen <code>--</code> flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that should be sent to the executed command.</p>
|
| <p>For example:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>In this case, npm will resolve the <code>foo</code> package name, and run the following command:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>Since the <code>--package</code> option comes <em>after</em> the positional arguments, it is treated as an argument to the executed command.</p>
|
| <p>In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is different:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>In this case, npm will parse the <code>--package</code> option first, resolving the <code>@npmcli/foo</code> package.
|
| Then, it will execute the following command in that context:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ foo@latest bar
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop parsing command line options and switches.
|
| The following command would thus be equivalent to the <code>npx</code> command above:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <h3 id="configuration">Configuration</h3>
|
| <h4 id="package"><code>package</code></h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default:</li>
|
| <li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>The package or packages to install for <a href="../commands/npm-exec.html"><code>npm exec</code></a></p>
|
| <h4 id="call"><code>call</code></h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default: ""</li>
|
| <li>Type: String</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Optional companion option for <code>npm exec</code>, <code>npx</code> that allows for specifying a
|
| custom command to be run along with the installed packages.</p>
|
| <pre><code class="language-bash">npm exec --package yo --package generator-node --call "yo node"
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <h4 id="workspace"><code>workspace</code></h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default:</li>
|
| <li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
|
| current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
|
| this configuration option.</p>
|
| <p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Workspace names</li>
|
| <li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
|
| <li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
|
| workspaces within that folder)</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>When set for the <code>npm init</code> command, this may be set to the folder of a
|
| workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a
|
| brand new workspace within the project.</p>
|
| <p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
| <h4 id="workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default: null</li>
|
| <li>Type: null or Boolean</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Set to true to run the command in the context of <strong>all</strong> configured
|
| workspaces.</p>
|
| <p>Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like <code>install</code> to
|
| ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly:</p>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Commands that operate on the <code>node_modules</code> tree (install, update, etc.)
|
| will link workspaces into the <code>node_modules</code> folder. - Commands that do
|
| other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project,
|
| <em>unless</em> one or more workspaces are specified in the <code>workspace</code> config.</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
| <h4 id="include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default: false</li>
|
| <li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.</p>
|
| <p>When false, specifying individual workspaces via the <code>workspace</code> config, or
|
| all workspaces via the <code>workspaces</code> flag, will cause npm to operate only on
|
| the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.</p>
|
| <p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
| <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
|
| <p>Run the version of <code>tap</code> in the local dependencies, with the provided arguments:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
|
| $ npx tap --bail test/foo.js
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>Run a command <em>other than</em> the command whose name matches the package name by specifying a <code>--package</code> option:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
|
| # ~ or ~
|
| $ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:</p>
|
| <pre><code>$ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
|
| $ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <h3 id="workspaces-support">Workspaces support</h3>
|
| <p>You may use the <a href="../using-npm/config#workspace.html"><code>workspace</code></a> or <a href="../using-npm/config#workspaces.html"><code>workspaces</code></a> configs in order to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely) in the context of the specified workspaces.
|
| If no positional argument or <code>--call</code> option is provided, it will open an interactive subshell in the context of each of these configured workspaces one at a time.</p>
|
| <p>Given a project with configured workspaces, e.g:</p>
|
| <pre><code>.
|
| +-- package.json
|
| `-- packages
|
| +-- a
|
| | `-- package.json
|
| +-- b
|
| | `-- package.json
|
| `-- c
|
| `-- package.json
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>Assuming the workspace configuration is properly set up at the root level <code>package.json</code> file.
|
| e.g:</p>
|
| <pre><code>{
|
| "workspaces": [ "./packages/*" ]
|
| }
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>You can execute an arbitrary command from a package in the context of each of the configured workspaces when using the <a href="../using-npm/config#workspace.html"><code>workspaces</code> config options</a>, in this example we're using <strong>eslint</strong> to lint any js file found within each workspace folder:</p>
|
| <pre><code>npm exec --ws -- eslint ./*.js
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <h4 id="filtering-workspaces">Filtering workspaces</h4>
|
| <p>It's also possible to execute a command in a single workspace using the <code>workspace</code> config along with a name or directory path:</p>
|
| <pre><code>npm exec --workspace=a -- eslint ./*.js
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>The <code>workspace</code> config can also be specified multiple times in order to run a specific script in the context of multiple workspaces.
|
| When defining values for the <code>workspace</code> config in the command line, it also possible to use <code>-w</code> as a shorthand, e.g:</p>
|
| <pre><code>npm exec -w a -w b -- eslint ./*.js
|
| </code></pre>
|
| <p>This last command will run the <code>eslint</code> command in both <code>./packages/a</code> and
|
| <code>./packages/b</code> folders.</p>
|
| <h3 id="compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</h3>
|
| <p>The <code>npx</code> binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone <code>npx</code> package deprecated at that time.
|
| <code>npx</code> uses the <code>npm exec</code> command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it accepted in previous versions.</p>
|
| <p>This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:</p>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Any <code>npm</code> config value may be provided.</li>
|
| <li>To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package
|
| names, <code>npx</code> prompts before installing anything.
|
| Suppress this prompt with the <code>-y</code> or <code>--yes</code> option.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--no-install</code> option is deprecated, and will be converted to <code>--no</code>.</li>
|
| <li>Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>-p</code> argument is a shorthand for <code>--parseable</code> in npm, but shorthand for <code>--package</code> in npx.
|
| This is maintained, but only for the <code>npx</code> executable.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--ignore-existing</code> option is removed.
|
| Locally installed bins are always present in the executed process <code>PATH</code>.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--npm</code> option is removed.
|
| <code>npx</code> will always use the <code>npm</code> it ships with.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--node-arg</code> and <code>-n</code> options are removed.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--always-spawn</code> option is redundant, and thus removed.</li>
|
| <li>The <code>--shell</code> option is replaced with <code>--script-shell</code>, but maintained in the <code>npx</code> executable for backwards compatibility.</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <h3 id="a-note-on-caching">A note on caching</h3>
|
| <p>The npm cli utilizes its internal package cache when using the package name specified.
|
| You can use the following to change how and when the cli uses this cache.
|
| See <a href="../commands/npm-cache.html"><code>npm cache</code></a> for more on how the cache works.</p>
|
| <h4 id="prefer-online">prefer-online</h4>
|
| <p>Forces staleness checks for packages, making the cli look for updates immediately even if the package is already in the cache.</p>
|
| <h4 id="prefer-offline">prefer-offline</h4>
|
| <p>Bypasses staleness checks for packages.
|
| Missing data will still be requested from the server.
|
| To force full offline mode, use <code>offline</code>.</p>
|
| <h4 id="offline">offline</h4>
|
| <p>Forces full offline mode.
|
| Any packages not locally cached will result in an error.</p>
|
| <h4 id="workspace2">workspace</h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Default:</li>
|
| <li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option.</p>
|
| <p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Workspace names</li>
|
| <li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
|
| <li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result to selecting all of the nested workspaces)</li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
|
| <h4 id="workspaces2">workspaces</h4>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li>Alias: <code>--ws</code></li>
|
| <li>Type: Boolean</li>
|
| <li>Default: <code>false</code></li>
|
| </ul>
|
| <p>Run scripts in the context of all configured workspaces for the current project.</p>
|
| <h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
|
| <ul>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-run.html">npm run</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../using-npm/scripts.html">npm scripts</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-test.html">npm test</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-start.html">npm start</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-restart.html">npm restart</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-stop.html">npm stop</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npm-config.html">npm config</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../using-npm/workspaces.html">npm workspaces</a></li>
|
| <li><a href="../commands/npx.html">npx</a></li>
|
| </ul></div>
|
|
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