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diff --git a/php/extras/ssl/openssl.cnf b/php/extras/ssl/openssl.cnf
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abace0ea7f1c6aa2a8fa628c3672fc044c0c7b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/extras/ssl/openssl.cnf
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+#
+# OpenSSL example configuration file.
+# See doc/man5/config.pod for more info.
+#
+# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests,
+# but may be used for auto loading of providers
+
+# Note that you can include other files from the main configuration
+# file using the .include directive.
+#.include filename
+
+# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
+# defined.
+HOME			= .
+
+# Use this in order to automatically load providers.
+openssl_conf = openssl_init
+
+# Comment out the next line to ignore configuration errors
+config_diagnostics = 1
+
+# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
+# oid_file       = $ENV::HOME/.oid
+oid_section = new_oids
+
+# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
+# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
+# X.509v3 extensions to use:
+# extensions		=
+# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
+# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
+
+[ new_oids ]
+# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
+# Add a simple OID like this:
+# testoid1=1.2.3.4
+# Or use config file substitution like this:
+# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
+
+# Policies used by the TSA examples.
+tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
+tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
+tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
+
+# For FIPS
+# Optionally include a file that is generated by the OpenSSL fipsinstall
+# application. This file contains configuration data required by the OpenSSL
+# fips provider. It contains a named section e.g. [fips_sect] which is
+# referenced from the [provider_sect] below.
+# Refer to the OpenSSL security policy for more information.
+# .include fipsmodule.cnf
+
+[openssl_init]
+providers = provider_sect
+
+# List of providers to load
+[provider_sect]
+default = default_sect
+# The fips section name should match the section name inside the
+# included fipsmodule.cnf.
+# fips = fips_sect
+
+# If no providers are activated explicitly, the default one is activated implicitly.
+# See man 7 OSSL_PROVIDER-default for more details.
+#
+# If you add a section explicitly activating any other provider(s), you most
+# probably need to explicitly activate the default provider, otherwise it
+# becomes unavailable in openssl.  As a consequence applications depending on
+# OpenSSL may not work correctly which could lead to significant system
+# problems including inability to remotely access the system.
+[default_sect]
+# activate = 1
+
+
+####################################################################
+[ ca ]
+default_ca	= CA_default		# The default ca section
+
+####################################################################
+[ CA_default ]
+
+dir		= ./demoCA		# Where everything is kept
+certs		= $dir/certs		# Where the issued certs are kept
+crl_dir		= $dir/crl		# Where the issued crl are kept
+database	= $dir/index.txt	# database index file.
+#unique_subject	= no			# Set to 'no' to allow creation of
+					# several certs with same subject.
+new_certs_dir	= $dir/newcerts		# default place for new certs.
+
+certificate	= $dir/cacert.pem 	# The CA certificate
+serial		= $dir/serial 		# The current serial number
+crlnumber	= $dir/crlnumber	# the current crl number
+					# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
+crl		= $dir/crl.pem 		# The current CRL
+private_key	= $dir/private/cakey.pem # The private key
+
+x509_extensions	= usr_cert		# The extensions to add to the cert
+
+# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
+# (and highly broken) format.
+name_opt 	= ca_default		# Subject Name options
+cert_opt 	= ca_default		# Certificate field options
+
+# Extension copying option: use with caution.
+# copy_extensions = copy
+
+# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
+# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
+# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
+# crl_extensions	= crl_ext
+
+default_days	= 365			# how long to certify for
+default_crl_days= 30			# how long before next CRL
+default_md	= default		# use public key default MD
+preserve	= no			# keep passed DN ordering
+
+# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
+# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
+# and supplied fields are just that :-)
+policy		= policy_match
+
+# For the CA policy
+[ policy_match ]
+countryName		= match
+stateOrProvinceName	= match
+organizationName	= match
+organizationalUnitName	= optional
+commonName		= supplied
+emailAddress		= optional
+
+# For the 'anything' policy
+# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
+# types.
+[ policy_anything ]
+countryName		= optional
+stateOrProvinceName	= optional
+localityName		= optional
+organizationName	= optional
+organizationalUnitName	= optional
+commonName		= supplied
+emailAddress		= optional
+
+####################################################################
+[ req ]
+default_bits		= 2048
+default_keyfile 	= privkey.pem
+distinguished_name	= req_distinguished_name
+attributes		= req_attributes
+x509_extensions	= v3_ca	# The extensions to add to the self signed cert
+
+# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
+# input_password = secret
+# output_password = secret
+
+# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
+# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
+# pkix	 : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
+# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
+# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
+# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
+# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
+string_mask = utf8only
+
+# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
+
+[ req_distinguished_name ]
+countryName			= Country Name (2 letter code)
+countryName_default		= AU
+countryName_min			= 2
+countryName_max			= 2
+
+stateOrProvinceName		= State or Province Name (full name)
+stateOrProvinceName_default	= Some-State
+
+localityName			= Locality Name (eg, city)
+
+0.organizationName		= Organization Name (eg, company)
+0.organizationName_default	= Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
+
+# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
+#1.organizationName		= Second Organization Name (eg, company)
+#1.organizationName_default	= World Wide Web Pty Ltd
+
+organizationalUnitName		= Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
+#organizationalUnitName_default	=
+
+commonName			= Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
+commonName_max			= 64
+
+emailAddress			= Email Address
+emailAddress_max		= 64
+
+# SET-ex3			= SET extension number 3
+
+[ req_attributes ]
+challengePassword		= A challenge password
+challengePassword_min		= 4
+challengePassword_max		= 20
+
+unstructuredName		= An optional company name
+
+[ usr_cert ]
+
+# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
+
+# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
+# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
+
+basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
+
+# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
+# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
+
+# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
+subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
+
+# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
+# Import the email address.
+# subjectAltName=email:copy
+# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
+# deprecated according to PKIX.
+# subjectAltName=email:move
+
+# Copy subject details
+# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
+
+# This is required for TSA certificates.
+# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
+
+[ v3_req ]
+
+# Extensions to add to a certificate request
+
+basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
+keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
+
+[ v3_ca ]
+
+
+# Extensions for a typical CA
+
+
+# PKIX recommendation.
+
+subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
+
+basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
+
+# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
+# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
+# left out by default.
+# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
+
+# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
+# subjectAltName=email:copy
+# Copy issuer details
+# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
+
+# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
+# obj=DER:02:03
+# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
+# You can even override a supported extension:
+# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
+
+[ crl_ext ]
+
+# CRL extensions.
+# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
+
+# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
+
+[ proxy_cert_ext ]
+# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
+
+# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
+# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
+
+basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
+
+# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
+# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
+
+# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
+subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
+
+# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
+# Import the email address.
+# subjectAltName=email:copy
+# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
+# deprecated according to PKIX.
+# subjectAltName=email:move
+
+# Copy subject details
+# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
+
+# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
+proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
+
+####################################################################
+[ tsa ]
+
+default_tsa = tsa_config1	# the default TSA section
+
+[ tsa_config1 ]
+
+# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
+dir		= ./demoCA		# TSA root directory
+serial		= $dir/tsaserial	# The current serial number (mandatory)
+crypto_device	= builtin		# OpenSSL engine to use for signing
+signer_cert	= $dir/tsacert.pem 	# The TSA signing certificate
+					# (optional)
+certs		= $dir/cacert.pem	# Certificate chain to include in reply
+					# (optional)
+signer_key	= $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
+signer_digest  = sha256			# Signing digest to use. (Optional)
+default_policy	= tsa_policy1		# Policy if request did not specify it
+					# (optional)
+other_policies	= tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3	# acceptable policies (optional)
+digests     = sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512  # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
+accuracy	= secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100	# (optional)
+clock_precision_digits  = 0	# number of digits after dot. (optional)
+ordering		= yes	# Is ordering defined for timestamps?
+				# (optional, default: no)
+tsa_name		= yes	# Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
+				# (optional, default: no)
+ess_cert_id_chain	= no	# Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
+				# (optional, default: no)
+ess_cert_id_alg		= sha256	# algorithm to compute certificate
+				# identifier (optional, default: sha256)
+
+[insta] # CMP using Insta Demo CA
+# Message transfer
+server = pki.certificate.fi:8700
+# proxy = # set this as far as needed, e.g., http://192.168.1.1:8080
+# tls_use = 0
+path = pkix/
+
+# Server authentication
+recipient = "/C=FI/O=Insta Demo/CN=Insta Demo CA" # or set srvcert or issuer
+ignore_keyusage = 1 # quirk needed to accept Insta CA cert not including digitalsignature
+unprotected_errors = 1 # quirk needed to accept negative responses possibly not protected
+extracertsout = insta.extracerts.pem
+
+# Client authentication
+ref = 3078 # user identification
+secret = pass:insta # can be used for both client and server side
+
+# Generic message options
+cmd = ir # default operation, can be overridden on cmd line with, e.g., kur
+
+# Certificate enrollment
+subject = "/CN=openssl-cmp-test"
+newkey = insta.priv.pem
+out_trusted = apps/insta.ca.crt # does not include keyUsage digitalSignature
+certout = insta.cert.pem
+
+[pbm] # Password-based protection for Insta CA
+# Server and client authentication
+ref = $insta::ref # 3078
+secret = $insta::secret # pass:insta
+
+[signature] # Signature-based protection for Insta CA
+# Server authentication
+trusted = $insta::out_trusted # apps/insta.ca.crt
+
+# Client authentication
+secret = # disable PBM
+key = $insta::newkey # insta.priv.pem
+cert = $insta::certout # insta.cert.pem
+
+[ir]
+cmd = ir
+
+[cr]
+cmd = cr
+
+[kur]
+# Certificate update
+cmd = kur
+oldcert = $insta::certout # insta.cert.pem
+
+[rr]
+# Certificate revocation
+cmd = rr
+oldcert = $insta::certout # insta.cert.pem
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a254464cc78ccea32b3ded00513c44c4e4da412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Sebastián Ramírez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.13.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.13.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..104eebf5a3002fccdaceef3a4cb936173c1c2035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.13.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2996 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import contextvars
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import weakref
+from asyncio import (
+    AbstractEventLoop,
+    CancelledError,
+    all_tasks,
+    create_task,
+    current_task,
+    get_running_loop,
+    sleep,
+)
+from asyncio.base_events import _run_until_complete_cb  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager, suppress
+from contextvars import Context, copy_context
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from inspect import (
+    CORO_RUNNING,
+    CORO_SUSPENDED,
+    getcoroutinestate,
+    iscoroutine,
+)
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from queue import Queue
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from threading import Thread
+from types import CodeType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    TaskInfo,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import (
+    claim_worker_thread,
+    set_current_async_library,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from ..abc import (
+    AsyncBackend,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    UDPPacketType,
+    UNIXDatagramPacketType,
+)
+from ..abc._eventloop import StrOrBytesPath
+from ..lowlevel import RunVar
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from asyncio import Runner
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    import contextvars
+    import enum
+    import signal
+    from asyncio import coroutines, events, exceptions, tasks
+
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+    class _State(enum.Enum):
+        CREATED = "created"
+        INITIALIZED = "initialized"
+        CLOSED = "closed"
+
+    class Runner:
+        # Copied from CPython 3.11
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            *,
+            debug: bool | None = None,
+            loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+        ):
+            self._state = _State.CREATED
+            self._debug = debug
+            self._loop_factory = loop_factory
+            self._loop: AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+            self._context = None
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            self._set_event_loop = False
+
+        def __enter__(self) -> Runner:
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(
+            self,
+            exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+            exc_val: BaseException | None,
+            exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+        ) -> None:
+            self.close()
+
+        def close(self) -> None:
+            """Shutdown and close event loop."""
+            loop = self._loop
+            if self._state is not _State.INITIALIZED or loop is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_default_executor"):
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+                else:
+                    loop.run_until_complete(_shutdown_default_executor(loop))
+            finally:
+                if self._set_event_loop:
+                    events.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+                self._loop = None
+                self._state = _State.CLOSED
+
+        def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Return embedded event loop."""
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self._loop
+
+        def run(self, coro: Coroutine[T_Retval], *, context=None) -> T_Retval:
+            """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop."""
+            if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
+                raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}")
+
+            if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                # fail fast with short traceback
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Runner.run() cannot be called from a running event loop"
+                )
+
+            self._lazy_init()
+
+            if context is None:
+                context = self._context
+            task = context.run(self._loop.create_task, coro)
+
+            if (
+                threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()
+                and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is signal.default_int_handler
+            ):
+                sigint_handler = partial(self._on_sigint, main_task=task)
+                try:
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # `signal.signal` may throw if `threading.main_thread` does
+                    # not support signals (e.g. embedded interpreter with signals
+                    # not registered - see gh-91880)
+                    sigint_handler = None
+            else:
+                sigint_handler = None
+
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            try:
+                return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
+            except exceptions.CancelledError:
+                if self._interrupt_count > 0:
+                    uncancel = getattr(task, "uncancel", None)
+                    if uncancel is not None and uncancel() == 0:
+                        raise KeyboardInterrupt  # noqa: B904
+                raise  # CancelledError
+            finally:
+                if (
+                    sigint_handler is not None
+                    and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is sigint_handler
+                ):
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.default_int_handler)
+
+        def _lazy_init(self) -> None:
+            if self._state is _State.CLOSED:
+                raise RuntimeError("Runner is closed")
+            if self._state is _State.INITIALIZED:
+                return
+            if self._loop_factory is None:
+                self._loop = events.new_event_loop()
+                if not self._set_event_loop:
+                    # Call set_event_loop only once to avoid calling
+                    # attach_loop multiple times on child watchers
+                    events.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+                    self._set_event_loop = True
+            else:
+                self._loop = self._loop_factory()
+            if self._debug is not None:
+                self._loop.set_debug(self._debug)
+            self._context = contextvars.copy_context()
+            self._state = _State.INITIALIZED
+
+        def _on_sigint(self, signum, frame, main_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            self._interrupt_count += 1
+            if self._interrupt_count == 1 and not main_task.done():
+                main_task.cancel()
+                # wakeup loop if it is blocked by select() with long timeout
+                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(lambda: None)
+                return
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = tasks.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(tasks.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    async def _shutdown_default_executor(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor."""
+
+        def _do_shutdown(future: asyncio.futures.Future) -> None:
+            try:
+                loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+        loop._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if loop._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = loop.create_future()
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join()
+
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+_root_task: RunVar[asyncio.Task | None] = RunVar("_root_task")
+
+
+def find_root_task() -> asyncio.Task:
+    root_task = _root_task.get(None)
+    if root_task is not None and not root_task.done():
+        return root_task
+
+    # Look for a task that has been started via run_until_complete()
+    for task in all_tasks():
+        if task._callbacks and not task.done():
+            callbacks = [cb for cb, context in task._callbacks]
+            for cb in callbacks:
+                if (
+                    cb is _run_until_complete_cb
+                    or getattr(cb, "__module__", None) == "uvloop.loop"
+                ):
+                    _root_task.set(task)
+                    return task
+
+    # Look up the topmost task in the AnyIO task tree, if possible
+    task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+    state = _task_states.get(task)
+    if state:
+        cancel_scope = state.cancel_scope
+        while cancel_scope and cancel_scope._parent_scope is not None:
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        if cancel_scope is not None:
+            return cast(asyncio.Task, cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+    return task
+
+
+def get_callable_name(func: Callable) -> str:
+    module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
+    qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None)
+    return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Any] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+def _task_started(task: asyncio.Task) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if the task has been started and has not finished."""
+    # The task coro should never be None here, as we never add finished tasks to the
+    # task list
+    coro = task.get_coro()
+    assert coro is not None
+    try:
+        return getcoroutinestate(coro) in (CORO_RUNNING, CORO_SUSPENDED)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # task coro is async_genenerator_asend https://bugs.python.org/issue37771
+        raise Exception(f"Cannot determine if task {task} has started or not") from None
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+def is_anyio_cancellation(exc: CancelledError) -> bool:
+    # Sometimes third party frameworks catch a CancelledError and raise a new one, so as
+    # a workaround we have to look at the previous ones in __context__ too for a
+    # matching cancel message
+    while True:
+        if (
+            exc.args
+            and isinstance(exc.args[0], str)
+            and exc.args[0].startswith("Cancelled via cancel scope ")
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if isinstance(exc.__context__, CancelledError):
+            exc = exc.__context__
+            continue
+
+        return False
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False):
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        self._shield = shield
+        self._parent_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+        self._child_scopes: set[CancelScope] = set()
+        self._cancel_called = False
+        self._cancel_reason: str | None = None
+        self._cancelled_caught = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._timeout_handle: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self._cancel_handle: asyncio.Handle | None = None
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._host_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            self._pending_uncancellations: int | None = 0
+        else:
+            self._pending_uncancellations = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        if self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Each CancelScope may only be used for a single 'with' block"
+            )
+
+        self._host_task = host_task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        self._tasks.add(host_task)
+        try:
+            task_state = _task_states[host_task]
+        except KeyError:
+            task_state = TaskState(None, self)
+            _task_states[host_task] = task_state
+        else:
+            self._parent_scope = task_state.cancel_scope
+            task_state.cancel_scope = self
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                # If using an eager task factory, the parent scope may not even contain
+                # the host task
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.add(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.discard(host_task)
+
+        self._timeout()
+        self._active = True
+
+        # Start cancelling the host task if the scope was cancelled before entering
+        if self._cancel_called:
+            self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        del exc_tb
+
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError("This cancel scope is not active")
+        if current_task() is not self._host_task:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit cancel scope in a different task than it was "
+                "entered in"
+            )
+
+        assert self._host_task is not None
+        host_task_state = _task_states.get(self._host_task)
+        if host_task_state is None or host_task_state.cancel_scope is not self:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit a cancel scope that isn't the current tasks's "
+                "current cancel scope"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self._active = False
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._tasks.remove(self._host_task)
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.remove(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.add(self._host_task)
+
+            host_task_state.cancel_scope = self._parent_scope
+
+            # Restart the cancellation effort in the closest visible, cancelled parent
+            # scope if necessary
+            self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+            # We only swallow the exception iff it was an AnyIO CancelledError, either
+            # directly as exc_val or inside an exception group and there are no cancelled
+            # parent cancel scopes visible to us here
+            if self._cancel_called and not self._parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us:
+                # For each level-cancel() call made on the host task, call uncancel()
+                while self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    self._host_task.uncancel()
+                    self._pending_uncancellations -= 1
+
+                # Update cancelled_caught and check for exceptions we must not swallow
+                if isinstance(exc_val, BaseExceptionGroup):
+                    cancelleds_caught, remaining = exc_val.split(
+                        lambda exc: (
+                            isinstance(exc, CancelledError)
+                            and is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    if cancelleds_caught is None:
+                        return False
+
+                    self._cancelled_caught = True
+
+                    if remaining is None:
+                        return True
+
+                    context = remaining.__context__
+                    try:
+                        # Preserve __cause__ and __suppress_context__ by avoiding `raise
+                        # ... from ...`
+                        raise remaining
+                    finally:
+                        # Preserve __context__
+                        remaining.__context__ = context
+                        del context
+                else:
+                    if isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError) and is_anyio_cancellation(
+                        exc_val
+                    ):
+                        self._cancelled_caught = True
+                        return True
+                    else:
+                        return False
+            else:
+                if self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    assert self._parent_scope is not None
+                    assert self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations += (
+                        self._pending_uncancellations
+                    )
+                    self._pending_uncancellations = 0
+
+                return False
+        finally:
+            self._host_task = None
+            del exc_val
+
+    @property
+    def _effectively_cancelled(self) -> bool:
+        cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = self
+        while cancel_scope is not None:
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                return True
+
+            if cancel_scope.shield:
+                return False
+
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._parent_scope is not None
+            and not self.shield
+            and self._parent_scope._effectively_cancelled
+        )
+
+    def _timeout(self) -> None:
+        if self._deadline != math.inf:
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            if loop.time() >= self._deadline:
+                self.cancel("deadline exceeded")
+            else:
+                self._timeout_handle = loop.call_at(self._deadline, self._timeout)
+
+    def _deliver_cancellation(self, origin: CancelScope) -> bool:
+        """
+        Deliver cancellation to directly contained tasks and nested cancel scopes.
+
+        Schedule another run at the end if we still have tasks eligible for
+        cancellation.
+
+        :param origin: the cancel scope that originated the cancellation
+        :return: ``True`` if the delivery needs to be retried on the next cycle
+
+        """
+        should_retry = False
+        current = current_task()
+        for task in self._tasks:
+            should_retry = True
+            if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                continue
+
+            # The task is eligible for cancellation if it has started
+            if task is not current and (task is self._host_task or _task_started(task)):
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if not isinstance(waiter, asyncio.Future) or not waiter.done():
+                    task.cancel(origin._cancel_reason)
+                    if (
+                        task is origin._host_task
+                        and origin._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    ):
+                        origin._pending_uncancellations += 1
+
+        # Deliver cancellation to child scopes that aren't shielded or running their own
+        # cancellation callbacks
+        for scope in self._child_scopes:
+            if not scope._shield and not scope.cancel_called:
+                should_retry = scope._deliver_cancellation(origin) or should_retry
+
+        # Schedule another callback if there are still tasks left
+        if origin is self:
+            if should_retry:
+                self._cancel_handle = get_running_loop().call_soon(
+                    self._deliver_cancellation, origin
+                )
+            else:
+                self._cancel_handle = None
+
+        return should_retry
+
+    def _restart_cancellation_in_parent(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Restart the cancellation effort in the closest directly cancelled parent scope.
+
+        """
+        scope = self._parent_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope._cancel_called:
+                if scope._cancel_handle is None:
+                    scope._deliver_cancellation(scope)
+
+                break
+
+            # No point in looking beyond any shielded scope
+            if scope._shield:
+                break
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._cancel_called:
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._cancel_called = True
+            self._cancel_reason = f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(self):x}"
+            if task := current_task():
+                self._cancel_reason += f" by {task}"
+
+            if reason:
+                self._cancel_reason += f"; reason: {reason}"
+
+            if self._host_task is not None:
+                self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._deadline = float(value)
+        if self._timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handle = None
+
+        if self._active and not self._cancel_called:
+            self._timeout()
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self._shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        if self._shield != value:
+            self._shield = value
+            if not value:
+                self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+
+#
+# Task states
+#
+
+
+class TaskState:
+    """
+    Encapsulates auxiliary task information that cannot be added to the Task instance
+    itself because there are no guarantees about its implementation.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "parent_id", "cancel_scope", "__weakref__"
+
+    def __init__(self, parent_id: int | None, cancel_scope: CancelScope | None):
+        self.parent_id = parent_id
+        self.cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+
+
+_task_states: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.Task, TaskState] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+
+class _AsyncioTaskStatus(abc.TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: asyncio.Future, parent_id: int):
+        self._future = future
+        self._parent_id = parent_id
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._future.set_result(value)
+        except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+            if not self._future.cancelled():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "called 'started' twice on the same task status"
+                ) from None
+
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        _task_states[task].parent_id = self._parent_id
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _eager_task_factory_code: CodeType | None = asyncio.eager_task_factory.__code__
+else:
+    _eager_task_factory_code = None
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.cancel_scope: CancelScope = CancelScope()
+        self._active = False
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._on_completed_fut: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        self.cancel_scope.__enter__()
+        self._active = True
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            if exc_val is not None:
+                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                if not isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError):
+                    self._exceptions.append(exc_val)
+
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            try:
+                if self._tasks:
+                    with CancelScope() as wait_scope:
+                        while self._tasks:
+                            self._on_completed_fut = loop.create_future()
+
+                            try:
+                                await self._on_completed_fut
+                            except CancelledError as exc:
+                                # Shield the scope against further cancellation attempts,
+                                # as they're not productive (#695)
+                                wait_scope.shield = True
+                                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                                # Set exc_val from the cancellation exception if it was
+                                # previously unset. However, we should not replace a native
+                                # cancellation exception with one raise by a cancel scope.
+                                if exc_val is None or (
+                                    isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError)
+                                    and not is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                                ):
+                                    exc_val = exc
+
+                            self._on_completed_fut = None
+                else:
+                    # If there are no child tasks to wait on, run at least one checkpoint
+                    # anyway
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+                self._active = False
+                if self._exceptions:
+                    # The exception that got us here should already have been
+                    # added to self._exceptions so it's ok to break exception
+                    # chaining and avoid adding a "During handling of above..."
+                    # for each nesting level.
+                    raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                        "unhandled errors in a TaskGroup", self._exceptions
+                    ) from None
+                elif exc_val:
+                    raise exc_val
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if self.cancel_scope.__exit__(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__):
+                    return True
+
+                raise
+
+            return self.cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb, self._exceptions
+
+    def _spawn(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        name: object,
+        task_status_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+    ) -> asyncio.Task:
+        def task_done(_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+                asyncio.future_discard_from_awaited_by(
+                    _task, self.cancel_scope._host_task
+                )
+
+            task_state = _task_states[_task]
+            assert task_state.cancel_scope is not None
+            assert _task in task_state.cancel_scope._tasks
+            task_state.cancel_scope._tasks.remove(_task)
+            self._tasks.remove(task)
+            del _task_states[_task]
+
+            if self._on_completed_fut is not None and not self._tasks:
+                try:
+                    self._on_completed_fut.set_result(None)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+            try:
+                exc = _task.exception()
+            except CancelledError as e:
+                while isinstance(e.__context__, CancelledError):
+                    e = e.__context__
+
+                exc = e
+
+            if exc is not None:
+                # The future can only be in the cancelled state if the host task was
+                # cancelled, so return immediately instead of adding one more
+                # CancelledError to the exceptions list
+                if task_status_future is not None and task_status_future.cancelled():
+                    return
+
+                if task_status_future is None or task_status_future.done():
+                    if not isinstance(exc, CancelledError):
+                        self._exceptions.append(exc)
+
+                    if not self.cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled:
+                        self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                else:
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+            elif task_status_future is not None and not task_status_future.done():
+                task_status_future.set_exception(
+                    RuntimeError("Child exited without calling task_status.started()")
+                )
+
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        kwargs = {}
+        if task_status_future:
+            parent_id = id(current_task())
+            kwargs["task_status"] = _AsyncioTaskStatus(
+                task_status_future, id(self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+            )
+        else:
+            parent_id = id(self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        if not iscoroutine(coro):
+            prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else ""
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but "
+                f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object"
+            )
+
+        name = get_callable_name(func) if name is None else str(name)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        if (
+            (factory := loop.get_task_factory())
+            and getattr(factory, "__code__", None) is _eager_task_factory_code
+            and (closure := getattr(factory, "__closure__", None))
+        ):
+            custom_task_constructor = closure[0].cell_contents
+            task = custom_task_constructor(coro, loop=loop, name=name)
+        else:
+            task = create_task(coro, name=name)
+
+        # Make the spawned task inherit the task group's cancel scope
+        _task_states[task] = TaskState(
+            parent_id=parent_id, cancel_scope=self.cancel_scope
+        )
+        self.cancel_scope._tasks.add(task)
+        self._tasks.add(task)
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+            asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(task, self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        task.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        return task
+
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._spawn(func, args, name)
+
+    async def start(
+        self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None
+    ) -> Any:
+        future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        task = self._spawn(func, args, name, future)
+
+        # If the task raises an exception after sending a start value without a switch
+        # point between, the task group is cancelled and this method never proceeds to
+        # process the completed future. That's why we have to have a shielded cancel
+        # scope here.
+        try:
+            return await future
+        except CancelledError:
+            # Cancel the task and wait for it to exit before returning
+            task.cancel()
+            with CancelScope(shield=True), suppress(CancelledError):
+                await task
+
+            raise
+
+
+#
+# Threads
+#
+
+_Retval_Queue_Type = tuple[T_Retval | None, BaseException | None]
+
+
+class WorkerThread(Thread):
+    MAX_IDLE_TIME = 10  # seconds
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root_task: asyncio.Task,
+        workers: set[WorkerThread],
+        idle_workers: deque[WorkerThread],
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="AnyIO worker thread")
+        self.root_task = root_task
+        self.workers = workers
+        self.idle_workers = idle_workers
+        self.loop = root_task._loop
+        self.queue: Queue[
+            tuple[Context, Callable, tuple, asyncio.Future, CancelScope] | None
+        ] = Queue(2)
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        self.stopping = False
+
+    def _report_result(
+        self, future: asyncio.Future, result: Any, exc: BaseException | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        if not self.stopping:
+            self.idle_workers.append(self)
+
+        if not future.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc, StopIteration):
+                    new_exc = RuntimeError("coroutine raised StopIteration")
+                    new_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                    exc = new_exc
+
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                future.set_result(result)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        with claim_worker_thread(AsyncIOBackend, self.loop):
+            while True:
+                item = self.queue.get()
+                if item is None:
+                    # Shutdown command received
+                    return
+
+                context, func, args, future, cancel_scope = item
+                if not future.cancelled():
+                    result = None
+                    exception: BaseException | None = None
+                    threadlocals.current_cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+                    try:
+                        result = context.run(func, *args)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+                    finally:
+                        del threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+
+                    if not self.loop.is_closed():
+                        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
+                            self._report_result, future, result, exception
+                        )
+
+                    del result, exception
+
+                self.queue.task_done()
+                del item, context, func, args, future, cancel_scope
+
+    def stop(self, f: asyncio.Task | None = None) -> None:
+        self.stopping = True
+        self.queue.put_nowait(None)
+        self.workers.discard(self)
+        try:
+            self.idle_workers.remove(self)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+
+_threadpool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[WorkerThread]] = RunVar(
+    "_threadpool_idle_workers"
+)
+_threadpool_workers: RunVar[set[WorkerThread]] = RunVar("_threadpool_workers")
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamReaderWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamReader
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._stream.read(max_bytes)
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.set_exception(ClosedResourceError())
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamWriterWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamWriter
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        stream_paused = self._stream._protocol._paused  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(item)
+            await self._stream.drain()
+        except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as exc:
+            # If closed by us and/or the peer:
+            # * on stdlib, drain() raises ConnectionResetError or BrokenPipeError
+            # * on uvloop and Winloop, write() eventually starts raising RuntimeError
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+            elif self._stream.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+            raise
+
+        if not stream_paused:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self._stream.close()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: asyncio.subprocess.Process
+    _stdin: StreamWriterWrapper | None
+    _stdout: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+    _stderr: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True) as scope:
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+            scope.shield = False
+            try:
+                await self.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                scope.shield = True
+                self.kill()
+                await self.wait()
+                raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+def _forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(
+    workers: set[Process], _task: object
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Forcibly shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop."""
+    child_watcher: asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher | None = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        try:
+            child_watcher = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+    # Close as much as possible (w/o async/await) to avoid warnings
+    for process in workers.copy():
+        if process.returncode is not None:
+            continue
+
+        process._stdin._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stdout._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stderr._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process.kill()
+        if child_watcher:
+            child_watcher.remove_child_handler(process.pid)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    """
+    Shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop.
+
+    NOTE: this only works when the event loop was started using asyncio.run() or
+    anyio.run().
+
+    """
+    process: abc.Process
+    try:
+        await sleep(math.inf)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        workers = workers.copy()
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        for process in workers:
+            await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class StreamProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    read_queue: deque[bytes]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+    is_at_eof: bool = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque()
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        cast(asyncio.Transport, transport).set_write_buffer_limits(0)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        if exc:
+            self.exception = exc
+
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # ProactorEventloop sometimes sends bytearray instead of bytes
+        self.read_queue.append(bytes(data))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> bool | None:
+        self.is_at_eof = True
+        self.read_event.set()
+        return True
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class DatagramProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    read_queue: deque[tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque(maxlen=100)  # arbitrary value
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data: bytes, addr: IPSockAddrType) -> None:
+        addr = convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+        self.read_queue.append((data, addr))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def error_received(self, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        self.exception = exc
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class SocketStream(abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport, protocol: StreamProtocol):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            if (
+                not self._protocol.read_event.is_set()
+                and not self._transport.is_closing()
+                and not self._protocol.is_at_eof
+            ):
+                self._transport.resume_reading()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+                self._transport.pause_reading()
+            else:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            try:
+                chunk = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                elif self._protocol.exception:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+                else:
+                    raise EndOfStream from None
+
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Split the oversized chunk
+                chunk, leftover = chunk[:max_bytes], chunk[max_bytes:]
+                self._protocol.read_queue.appendleft(leftover)
+
+            # If the read queue is empty, clear the flag so that the next call will
+            # block until data is available
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue:
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+
+        return chunk
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._protocol.exception is not None:
+                raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+
+            try:
+                self._transport.write(item)
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                if self._transport.is_closing():
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._transport.write_eof()
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            try:
+                self._transport.write_eof()
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            await sleep(0)
+            self._transport.abort()
+
+
+class _RawSocketMixin:
+    _receive_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _send_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _closing = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    def _wait_until_readable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._receive_future
+            loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._receive_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    def _wait_until_writable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._send_future
+            loop.remove_writer(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._send_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_writer(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = True
+            if self.__raw_socket.fileno() != -1:
+                self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+            if self._receive_future:
+                self._receive_future.set_result(None)
+            if self._send_future:
+                self._send_future.set_result(None)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            self._raw_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not data:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = self._raw_socket.send(view)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = self._raw_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # The ignore can be removed after mypy picks up
+                    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/5545
+                    self._raw_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fdarray)]
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    _accept_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+    _closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = cast(asyncio.BaseEventLoop, get_running_loop())
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            with CancelScope() as self._accept_scope:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _addr = await self._loop.sock_accept(self._raw_socket)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+                    try:
+                        self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+                    except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                        pass
+
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+
+                    raise
+                finally:
+                    self._accept_scope = None
+
+        client_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        transport, protocol = await self._loop.connect_accepted_socket(
+            StreamProtocol, client_sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = True
+        if self._accept_scope:
+            # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+            try:
+                self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+            except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+
+            self._accept_scope.cancel()
+            await sleep(0)
+
+        self._raw_socket.close()
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _ = self.__raw_socket.accept()
+                    client_sock.setblocking(False)
+                    return UNIXSocketStream(client_sock)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    self._loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(
+                        lambda _: self._loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+                    )
+                    await f
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+
+class UDPSocket(abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                return self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(*item)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                packet = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+            return packet[0]
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(item)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.sendto(*item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.send(item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+_read_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("read_events")
+_write_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("write_events")
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self._event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_set():
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        else:
+            await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        return EventStatistics(len(self._event._waiters))
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._owner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        self._waiters: deque[tuple[asyncio.Task, asyncio.Future]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._owner_task = task
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task == task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        item = task, fut
+        self._waiters.append(item)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            self._waiters.remove(item)
+            if self._owner_task is task:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+        self._waiters.remove(item)
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            self._owner_task = task
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task is task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self._owner_task is not None
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock")
+
+        for task, fut in self._waiters:
+            if not fut.cancelled():
+                self._owner_task = task
+                fut.set_result(None)
+                return
+
+        self._owner_task = None
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        task_info = AsyncIOTaskInfo(self._owner_task) if self._owner_task else None
+        return LockStatistics(self.locked(), task_info, len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+        self._value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._waiters: deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if self._value > 0 and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._value -= 1
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        self._waiters.append(fut)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            try:
+                self._waiters.remove(fut)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        if self._value == 0:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._value -= 1
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value:
+            raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times")
+
+        for fut in self._waiters:
+            if not fut.cancelled():
+                fut.set_result(None)
+                self._waiters.remove(fut)
+                return
+
+        self._value += 1
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self._value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    _total_tokens: float = 0
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float):
+        self._borrowers: set[Any] = set()
+        self._wait_queue: OrderedDict[Any, asyncio.Event] = OrderedDict()
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value):
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
+
+        waiters_to_notify = max(value - self._total_tokens, 0)
+        self._total_tokens = value
+
+        # Notify waiting tasks that they have acquired the limiter
+        while self._wait_queue and waiters_to_notify:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+            waiters_to_notify -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._borrowers)
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens - len(self._borrowers)
+
+    def _notify_next_waiter(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the next task in line if this limiter has free capacity now."""
+        if self._wait_queue and len(self._borrowers) < self._total_tokens:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(current_task())
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        if borrower in self._borrowers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower is already holding one of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            )
+
+        if self._wait_queue or len(self._borrowers) >= self._total_tokens:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        return await self.acquire_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            event = asyncio.Event()
+            self._wait_queue[borrower] = event
+            try:
+                await event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._wait_queue.pop(borrower, None)
+                if event.is_set():
+                    self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+                raise
+
+            self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+        else:
+            try:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            except BaseException:
+                self.release()
+                raise
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.release_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._borrowers.remove(borrower)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower isn't holding any of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            ) from None
+
+        self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            self.borrowed_tokens,
+            self.total_tokens,
+            tuple(self._borrowers),
+            len(self._wait_queue),
+        )
+
+
+_default_thread_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_thread_limiter")
+
+
+#
+# Operating system signals
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._signal_queue: deque[Signals] = deque()
+        self._future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        self._handled_signals: set[Signals] = set()
+
+    def _deliver(self, signum: Signals) -> None:
+        self._signal_queue.append(signum)
+        if not self._future.done():
+            self._future.set_result(None)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        for sig in set(self._signals):
+            self._loop.add_signal_handler(sig, self._deliver, sig)
+            self._handled_signals.add(sig)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        for sig in self._handled_signals:
+            self._loop.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        if not self._signal_queue:
+            self._future = asyncio.Future()
+            await self._future
+
+        return self._signal_queue.popleft()
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class AsyncIOTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: asyncio.Task):
+        task_state = _task_states.get(task)
+        if task_state is None:
+            parent_id = None
+        else:
+            parent_id = task_state.parent_id
+
+        coro = task.get_coro()
+        assert coro is not None, "created TaskInfo from a completed Task"
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.get_name(), coro)
+        self._task = weakref.ref(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        if not (task := self._task()):
+            # If the task isn't around anymore, it won't have a pending cancellation
+            return False
+
+        if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            return True
+        elif (
+            isinstance(task._fut_waiter, asyncio.Future)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            and task._fut_waiter.cancelled()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if task_state := _task_states.get(task):
+            if cancel_scope := task_state.cancel_scope:
+                return cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled
+
+        return False
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    _send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future[Any]]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        debug: bool | None = None,
+        use_uvloop: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if use_uvloop and loop_factory is None:
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        self._runner = Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory)
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._runner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        self._runner.__enter__()
+        self.get_loop().set_exception_handler(self._exception_handler)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._runner.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+        return self._runner.get_loop()
+
+    def _exception_handler(
+        self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, context: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(context.get("exception"), Exception):
+            self._exceptions.append(context["exception"])
+        else:
+            loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def _raise_async_exceptions(self) -> None:
+        # Re-raise any exceptions raised in asynchronous callbacks
+        if self._exceptions:
+            exceptions, self._exceptions = self._exceptions, []
+            if len(exceptions) == 1:
+                raise exceptions[0]
+            elif exceptions:
+                raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                    "Multiple exceptions occurred in asynchronous callbacks", exceptions
+                )
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(
+        self,
+        receive_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[T_Retval], asyncio.Future[T_Retval]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
+
+        with receive_stream, self._send_stream:
+            async for coro, future in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await coro
+                except CancelledError as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.cancel(*exc.args)
+
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_exception(exc)
+
+                    if not isinstance(exc, (Exception, OutcomeException)):
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_result(retval)
+
+    async def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if not self._runner_task:
+            self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+                tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future]
+            ](1)
+            self._runner_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures(receive_stream)
+            )
+
+        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        future: asyncio.Future[T_Retval] = self.get_loop().create_future()
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((coro, future))
+        return await future
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+            )
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        else:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(asyncgen.aclose())
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        return retval
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._exceptions.append(exc)
+
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+
+class AsyncIOBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+            task.set_name(get_callable_name(func))
+            _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, None)
+
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            finally:
+                del _task_states[task]
+
+        debug = options.get("debug", None)
+        loop_factory = options.get("loop_factory", None)
+        if loop_factory is None and options.get("use_uvloop", False):
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        with Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return get_running_loop()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return get_running_loop().time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return CancelledError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        task = current_task()
+        if task is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return
+
+        while cancel_scope:
+            if cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                await sleep(0)
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        if (task := current_task()) is None:
+            return math.inf
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return math.inf
+
+        deadline = math.inf
+        while cancel_scope:
+            deadline = min(deadline, cancel_scope.deadline)
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                deadline = -math.inf
+                break
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return deadline
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> abc.Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> abc.CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(  # type: ignore[return]
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+
+        # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary
+        # variables
+        try:
+            idle_workers = _threadpool_idle_workers.get()
+            workers = _threadpool_workers.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            idle_workers = deque()
+            workers = set()
+            _threadpool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+            _threadpool_workers.set(workers)
+
+        async with limiter or cls.current_default_thread_limiter():
+            with CancelScope(shield=not abandon_on_cancel) as scope:
+                future = asyncio.Future[T_Retval]()
+                root_task = find_root_task()
+                if not idle_workers:
+                    worker = WorkerThread(root_task, workers, idle_workers)
+                    worker.start()
+                    workers.add(worker)
+                    root_task.add_done_callback(
+                        worker.stop, context=contextvars.Context()
+                    )
+                else:
+                    worker = idle_workers.pop()
+
+                    # Prune any other workers that have been idle for MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                    # seconds or longer
+                    now = cls.current_time()
+                    while idle_workers:
+                        if (
+                            now - idle_workers[0].idle_since
+                            < WorkerThread.MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                        ):
+                            break
+
+                        expired_worker = idle_workers.popleft()
+                        expired_worker.root_task.remove_done_callback(
+                            expired_worker.stop
+                        )
+                        expired_worker.stop()
+
+                context = copy_context()
+                context.run(set_current_async_library, None)
+                if abandon_on_cancel or scope._parent_scope is None:
+                    worker_scope = scope
+                else:
+                    worker_scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+                worker.queue.put_nowait((context, func, args, future, worker_scope))
+                return await future
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        scope: CancelScope | None = threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope.cancel_called:
+                raise CancelledError(f"Cancelled by cancel scope {id(scope):x}")
+
+            if scope.shield:
+                return
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        async def task_wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            __tracebackhide__ = True
+            if scope is not None:
+                task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+                _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, scope)
+                scope._tasks.add(task)
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            except CancelledError as exc:
+                raise concurrent.futures.CancelledError(str(exc)) from None
+            finally:
+                if scope is not None:
+                    scope._tasks.discard(task)
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        context = copy_context()
+        context.run(set_current_async_library, "asyncio")
+        scope = getattr(threadlocals, "current_cancel_scope", None)
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = context.run(
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe, task_wrapper(), loop=loop
+        )
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        def wrapper() -> None:
+            try:
+                set_current_async_library("asyncio")
+                f.set_result(func(*args))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                f.set_exception(exc)
+                if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                    raise
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(wrapper)
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        if isinstance(command, PathLike):
+            command = os.fspath(command)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes)):
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
+                command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = StreamWriterWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        create_task(
+            _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers),
+            name="AnyIO process pool shutdown task",
+        )
+        find_root_task().add_done_callback(
+            partial(_forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit, workers)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = cast(
+            tuple[asyncio.Transport, StreamProtocol],
+            await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+                StreamProtocol, host, port, local_addr=local_address
+            ),
+        )
+        transport.pause_reading()
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                raw_socket.connect(path)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                await f
+            except BaseException:
+                raw_socket.close()
+                raise
+            else:
+                return UNIXSocketStream(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol,
+            local_addr=local_address,
+            remote_addr=remote_address,
+            family=family,
+            reuse_port=reuse_port,
+        )
+        if protocol.exception:
+            transport.close()
+            raise protocol.exception
+
+        if not remote_address:
+            return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+        else:
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(  # type: ignore[override]
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        if remote_path:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    raw_socket.connect(remote_path)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                    await f
+                except BaseException:
+                    raw_socket.close()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            read_events = {}
+            _read_events.set(read_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if read_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_reader(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_reader(fd, cb)
+            remove_reader = selector.remove_reader
+        else:
+            remove_reader = loop.remove_reader
+
+        read_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            write_events = {}
+            _write_events.set(write_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if write_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_writer(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_writer(fd, cb)
+            remove_writer = selector.remove_writer
+        else:
+            remove_writer = loop.remove_writer
+
+        write_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = write_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_writer(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_writer(fd)
+
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = read_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_reader(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_reader(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+            StreamProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        return UNIXSocketStream(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _default_thread_limiter.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(40)
+            _default_thread_limiter.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        return AsyncIOTaskInfo(current_task())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        return [AsyncIOTaskInfo(task) for task in all_tasks() if not task.done()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        this_task = current_task()
+        while True:
+            for task in all_tasks():
+                if task is this_task:
+                    continue
+
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if waiter is None or waiter.done():
+                    await sleep(0.1)
+                    break
+            else:
+                return
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = AsyncIOBackend
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b85a10a13a0149e12718eea95f9269aed75449b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1343 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import types
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    NoReturn,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import trio.from_thread
+import trio.lowlevel
+from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value
+from trio.lowlevel import (
+    current_root_task,
+    current_task,
+    notify_closing,
+    wait_readable,
+    wait_writable,
+)
+from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType
+from trio.to_thread import run_sync
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    TaskInfo,
+    WouldBlock,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType, UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ..abc._eventloop import AsyncBackend, StrOrBytesPath
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    def __new__(
+        cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        self.__original.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.__original.cancel(reason)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.deadline = value
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self.__original.shield = value
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._active = False
+        self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery(strict_exception_groups=True)
+        self.cancel_scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        self._active = True
+        self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__()
+        self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # trio.Nursery.__exit__ returns bool; .open_nursery has wrong type
+            return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        except BaseExceptionGroup as exc:
+            if not exc.split(trio.Cancelled)[1]:
+                raise trio.Cancelled._create() from exc
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb
+            self._active = False
+
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        self._nursery.start_soon(func, *args, name=name)
+
+    async def start(
+        self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None
+    ) -> Any:
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        return await self._nursery.start(func, *args, name=name)
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+        if data:
+            return bytes(data)
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.SendStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await self._stream.send_all(item)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: trio.Process
+    _stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None
+    _stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+    _stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+        try:
+            await self.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.kill()
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.wait()
+            raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument):
+    def after_run(self) -> None:
+        super().after_run()
+
+
+current_default_worker_process_limiter: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar(
+    "current_default_worker_process_limiter"
+)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    try:
+        await trio.sleep(math.inf)
+    except trio.Cancelled:
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            for process in workers:
+                await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket = trio_socket
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def _check_closed(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._trio_socket._sock  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._trio_socket.close()
+
+    def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn:
+        if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError):
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+        elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        elif isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+        else:
+            raise exc
+
+
+class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+            if data:
+                return data
+            else:
+                raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+                view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    await self._trio_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message],
+                        [
+                            (
+                                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
+                                socket.SCM_RIGHTS,
+                                fdarray,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, addr
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(
+    _TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.__original = trio.Event()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.set()
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self.__original = trio.Lock()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _convert_runtime_error_msg(exc: RuntimeError) -> None:
+        if exc.args == ("attempt to re-acquire an already held Lock",):
+            exc.args = ("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock",)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            try:
+                await self.__original.acquire()
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+                raise
+
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.locked()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        owner = TrioTaskInfo(orig_statistics.owner) if orig_statistics.owner else None
+        return LockStatistics(
+            orig_statistics.locked, owner, orig_statistics.tasks_waiting
+        )
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self.__original = trio.Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            await self.__original.acquire()
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.__original.max_value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.value
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if original is not None:
+            self.__original = original
+        else:
+            assert total_tokens is not None
+            self.__original = trio.CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        orig = self.__original.statistics()
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens,
+            total_tokens=orig.total_tokens,
+            borrowers=tuple(orig.borrowers),
+            tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting,
+        )
+
+
+_capacity_limiter_wrapper: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper")
+
+
+#
+# Signal handling
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    _iterator: AsyncIterator[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals)
+        self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        signum = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+        return Signals(signum)
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
+        from queue import Queue
+
+        self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[[], object]] = Queue()
+        self._send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream | None = None
+        self._options = options
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._send_stream:
+            self._send_stream.close()
+            while self._send_stream is not None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(self) -> None:
+        self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream(1)
+        with receive_stream:
+            async for coro, outcome_holder in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await coro
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Error(exc))
+                else:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Value(retval))
+
+    def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None:
+        self._send_stream = None
+
+    def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if self._send_stream is None:
+            trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures,
+                run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put,
+                done_callback=self._main_task_finished,
+                **self._options,
+            )
+            while self._send_stream is None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        outcome_holder: list[Outcome] = []
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((func(*args, **kwargs), outcome_holder))
+        while not outcome_holder:
+            self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        return outcome_holder[0].unwrap()
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.aclose)
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        return self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TrioTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: trio.lowlevel.Task):
+        parent_id = None
+        if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task:
+            parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task)
+
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro)
+        self._task = weakref.proxy(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._task._cancel_status.effectively_cancelled
+        except ReferenceError:
+            # If the task is no longer around, it surely doesn't have a cancellation
+            # pending
+            return False
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        return trio.run(func, *args)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return trio.Cancelled
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> abc.CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_effective_deadline()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            with claim_worker_thread(TrioBackend, token):
+                return func(*args)
+
+        token = TrioBackend.current_token()
+        return await run_sync(
+            wrapper,
+            abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel,
+            limiter=cast(trio.CapacityLimiter, limiter),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        trio.from_thread.check_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run_sync(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        def convert_item(item: StrOrBytesPath) -> str:
+            str_or_bytes = os.fspath(item)
+            if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
+                return str_or_bytes
+            else:
+                return os.fsdecode(str_or_bytes)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                convert_item(command),
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=True,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                [convert_item(item) for item in command],
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=False,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family)
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect((host, port))
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect(path)
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: socket.AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+        if reuse_port:
+            trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        if remote_address:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_address)
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UDPSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)
+
+        if remote_path:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_path)
+            return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await trio.socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await trio.socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_readable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_writable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        notify_closing(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return SocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(
+                original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter()
+            )
+            _capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        task = current_task()
+        return TrioTaskInfo(task)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        root_task = current_root_task()
+        assert root_task
+        task_infos = [TrioTaskInfo(root_task)]
+        nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries
+        while nurseries:
+            new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = []
+            for nursery in nurseries:
+                for task in nursery.child_tasks:
+                    task_infos.append(TrioTaskInfo(task))
+                    new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries)
+
+            nurseries = new_nurseries
+
+        return task_infos
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        from trio.testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked
+
+        await wait_all_tasks_blocked()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = TrioBackend
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f35bae568e33e6a9e1219761c83cc8350fa0532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+_selector_lock = threading.Lock()
+_selector: Selector | None = None
+
+
+class Selector:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector")
+        self._selector = DefaultSelector()
+        self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair()
+        self._send.setblocking(False)
+        self._receive.setblocking(False)
+        # This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data
+        # for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends
+        # before getting BlockingIOError:
+        #   Linux 4.8: 6
+        #   macOS (darwin 15.5): 1
+        #   Windows 10: 525347
+        # Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send
+        # blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.)
+        self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1)
+        self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1)
+        # On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other
+        # platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP.
+        try:
+            self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ)
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self._thread.start()
+        threading._register_atexit(self._stop)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _stop(self) -> None:
+        global _selector
+        self._closed = True
+        self._notify_self()
+        self._send.close()
+        self._thread.join()
+        self._selector.unregister(self._receive)
+        self._receive.close()
+        self._selector.close()
+        _selector = None
+        assert not self._selector.get_map(), (
+            "selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown"
+        )
+
+    def _notify_self(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._send.send(b"\x00")
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            pass
+
+    def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_READ in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for reading"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_WRITE in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for writing"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ:
+            del key.data[EVENT_READ]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE:
+            del key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._closed:
+            for key, events in self._selector.select():
+                if key.fileobj is self._receive:
+                    try:
+                        while self._receive.recv(4096):
+                            pass
+                    except BlockingIOError:
+                        pass
+
+                    continue
+
+                if events & EVENT_READ:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ]
+                    self.remove_reader(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+                if events & EVENT_WRITE:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+                    self.remove_writer(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+
+def get_selector() -> Selector:
+    global _selector
+
+    with _selector_lock:
+        if _selector is None:
+            _selector = Selector()
+            _selector.start()
+
+        return _selector
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..302f32b0c78a7071605b195c55054cfdb0b55f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager
+from inspect import isasyncgen, iscoroutine, isgenerator
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Protocol, TypeVar, cast, final
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_ExitT_co = TypeVar("_ExitT_co", covariant=True, bound="bool | None")
+
+
+class _SupportsCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class ContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via :meth:`__contextmanager__`
+    which should return a generator. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    def __enter__(self: _SupportsCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__contextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
+            if isgenerator(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__contextmanager__() returned a generator object instead of "
+                    "a context manager. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager "
+                    "decorator?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__contextmanager__() did not return a context manager object, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__contextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = cm.__enter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    def __exit__(
+        self: _SupportsCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: a context manager object
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing async context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via
+    :meth:`__asynccontextmanager__`. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    async def __aenter__(self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__asynccontextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
+            if isasyncgen(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned an async generator instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator?"
+                )
+            elif iscoroutine(cm):
+                cm.close()
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned a coroutine object instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator and a 'yield' statement?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__asynccontextmanager__() did not return an async context manager, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__asynccontextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @asynccontextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = await cm.__aenter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, await cm.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your async context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: an async context manager object
+        """
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59a69ccdf02c2989fb522bcc9af5a23f64e1f3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import Token
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+from ._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+sniffio: Any
+try:
+    import sniffio
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    sniffio = None
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..abc import AsyncBackend
+
+# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
+BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+threadlocals = threading.local()
+loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {}
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+    :param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently
+        either ``asyncio`` or ``trio``
+    :param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()``
+        implementation with (documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this
+        thread
+    :raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
+
+    """
+    if asynclib_name := current_async_library():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
+
+    try:
+        async_backend = get_async_backend(backend)
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
+
+    token = None
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async
+        # library
+        token = set_current_async_library(backend)
+
+    try:
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options)
+    finally:
+        reset_current_async_library(token)
+
+
+async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+    :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+
+    """
+    return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay)
+
+
+async def sleep_forever() -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
+
+    This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    await sleep(math.inf)
+
+
+async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until the given time.
+
+    :param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal
+        monotonic clock of the event loop)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    now = current_time()
+    await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
+
+
+def current_time() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+    :return: the clock value (seconds)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_time()
+
+
+def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
+    return BACKENDS
+
+
+def get_available_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """
+    Test for the availability of built-in backends.
+
+    :return a tuple of the built-in backend names that were successfully imported
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.12
+
+    """
+    available_backends: list[str] = []
+    for backend_name in get_all_backends():
+        try:
+            get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+
+        available_backends.append(backend_name)
+
+    return tuple(available_backends)
+
+
+def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
+    """
+    Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class()
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def claim_worker_thread(
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object
+) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+    from ..lowlevel import EventLoopToken
+
+    threadlocals.current_token = EventLoopToken(backend_class, token)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        del threadlocals.current_token
+
+
+def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]:
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        asynclib_name = current_async_library()
+        if not asynclib_name:
+            raise NoEventLoopError(
+                f"Not currently running on any asynchronous event loop. "
+                f"Available async backends: {', '.join(get_all_backends())}"
+            )
+
+    # We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end
+    # class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only
+    # partially initialized
+    try:
+        return loaded_backends[asynclib_name]
+    except KeyError:
+        module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}")
+        loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class
+        return module.backend_class
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str | None:
+    if sniffio is None:
+        # If sniffio is not installed, we assume we're either running asyncio or nothing
+        import asyncio
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return "asyncio"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+    else:
+        try:
+            return sniffio.current_async_library()
+        except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
+            pass
+
+    return None
+
+
+def set_current_async_library(asynclib_name: str | None) -> Token | None:
+    # no-op if sniffio is not installed
+    if sniffio is None:
+        return None
+
+    return sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(asynclib_name)
+
+
+def reset_current_async_library(token: Token | None) -> None:
+    if token is not None:
+        sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3776bedcd339913d609e41e2e396f3f2fd16ae9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+
+
+class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external
+    causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or
+    otherwise misbehaves.
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerInterpreter(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is
+    raised in the subinterpreter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, excinfo: Any):
+        # This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed
+        msg = excinfo.formatted
+        if not msg:
+            if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
+                msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}"
+            else:
+                msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
+
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.excinfo = excinfo
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
+        except Exception:
+            return super().__str__()
+        else:
+            return dedent(
+                f"""
+                {super().__str__()}
+
+                Uncaught in the interpreter:
+
+                {formatted}
+                """.strip()
+            )
+
+
+class BusyResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource
+    concurrently.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str):
+        super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+
+class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
+    """Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
+
+
+class ConnectionFailed(OSError):
+    """
+    Raised when a connection attempt fails.
+
+    .. note:: This class inherits from :exc:`OSError` for backwards compatibility.
+    """
+
+
+def iterate_exceptions(
+    exception: BaseException,
+) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]:
+    if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup):
+        for exc in exception.exceptions:
+            yield from iterate_exceptions(exc)
+    else:
+        yield exception
+
+
+class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class EndOfStream(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end.
+    """
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
+        )
+
+
+class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute
+    is not found and no default value has been given.
+    """
+
+
+class WouldBlock(Exception):
+    """Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""
+
+
+class NoEventLoopError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by several functions that require an event loop to be running in the current
+    thread when there is no running event loop.
+
+    This is also raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync`
+    if not calling from an AnyIO worker thread, and no ``token`` was passed.
+    """
+
+
+class RunFinishedError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync` if the event
+    loop associated with the explicitly passed token has already finished.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The event loop associated with the given token has already finished"
+        )
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bb8c845690818fbc92de6a3da31997a8da69244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    ClassVar,
+    Final,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import ModuleType
+
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+else:
+    ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object
+
+
+class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous file object.
+
+    This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the
+    following blocking methods (where available on the original file object):
+
+    * read
+    * read1
+    * readline
+    * readlines
+    * readinto
+    * readinto1
+    * write
+    * writelines
+    * truncate
+    * seek
+    * tell
+    * flush
+
+    All other methods are directly passed through.
+
+    This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the
+    underlying file at the end of the context block.
+
+    This class also supports asynchronous iteration::
+
+        async with await open_file(...) as f:
+            async for line in f:
+                print(line)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fp: IO[AnyStr]) -> None:
+        self._fp: Any = fp
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object:
+        return getattr(self._fp, name)
+
+    @property
+    def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]:
+        """The wrapped file object."""
+        return self._fp
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]:
+        while True:
+            line = await self.readline()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+            else:
+                break
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size)
+
+    async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline)
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines)
+
+    async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b)
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.writelines, lines)
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.seek, offset, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell)
+
+    async def flush(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush)
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = None,
+    newline: str | None = None,
+    closefd: bool = True,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+    """
+    Open a file asynchronously.
+
+    The arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`.
+
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    """
+    fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+        open, file, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline, closefd, opener
+    )
+    return AsyncFile(fp)
+
+
+def wrap_file(file: IO[AnyStr]) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+    """
+    Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file.
+
+    :param file: an existing file-like object
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    """
+    return AsyncFile(file)
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator["Path"]):
+    iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Path:
+        nextval = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            next, self.iterator, None, abandon_on_cancel=True
+        )
+        if nextval is None:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        return Path(nextval)
+
+
+class Path:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or
+    :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike`
+    interface.
+
+    It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for
+    the deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method.
+
+    Some methods may be unavailable or have limited functionality, based on the Python
+    version:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.from_uri` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.full_match` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :attr:`~pathlib.Path.info` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.match` (the ``case_sensitive`` parameter is only
+      available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` (the ``walk_up`` parameter is only available
+      on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+
+    Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.resolve`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text`
+
+    Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding
+    :class:`~.Path` objects:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_path", "__weakref__"
+
+    __weakref__: Any
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> None:
+        self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args)
+
+    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__fspath__()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 15):
+
+        def __vfspath__(self) -> str:
+            return self._path.__vfspath__()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__str__()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})"
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._path.__bytes__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._path.__hash__()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__eq__(target)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__lt__(target)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__le__(target)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__gt__(target)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__ge__(target)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path / other)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        return Path(other) / self
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self._path.parts
+
+    @property
+    def drive(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.drive
+
+    @property
+    def root(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.root
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.anchor
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self) -> Sequence[Path]:
+        return tuple(Path(p) for p in self._path.parents)
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path.parent)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.name
+
+    @property
+    def suffix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.suffix
+
+    @property
+    def suffixes(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self._path.suffixes
+
+    @property
+    def stem(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.stem
+
+    async def absolute(self) -> Path:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute)
+        return Path(path)
+
+    def as_posix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_posix()
+
+    def as_uri(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_uri()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        parser: ClassVar[ModuleType] = pathlib.Path.parser
+
+        @classmethod
+        def from_uri(cls, uri: str) -> Path:
+            return Path(pathlib.Path.from_uri(uri))
+
+        def full_match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.full_match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+
+        def match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+    else:
+
+        def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+
+        @property
+        def info(self) -> Any:  # TODO: add return type annotation when Typeshed gets it
+            return self._path.info
+
+        async def copy(
+            self,
+            target: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Path:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, pathlib.Path(target)))
+
+        async def copy_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Path:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy_into,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, pathlib.Path(target_dir)))
+
+        async def move(self, target: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+            # Upstream does not handle anyio.Path properly as a PathLike
+            target = pathlib.Path(target)
+            return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.move, target))
+
+        async def move_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        ) -> Path:
+            return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.move_into, target_dir))
+
+    def is_relative_to(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.relative_to(other)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None:
+        func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cwd(cls) -> Path:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd)
+        return cls(path)
+
+    async def exists(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.exists, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def expanduser(self) -> Path:
+        return Path(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.expanduser, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.11 and earlier
+        def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def glob(
+            self,
+            pattern: str,
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def glob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+
+    async def group(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.group, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def hardlink_to(
+        self, target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def home(cls) -> Path:
+        home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home)
+        return cls(home_path)
+
+    def is_absolute(self) -> bool:
+        return self._path.is_absolute()
+
+    async def is_block_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_block_device, abandon_on_cancel=True
+        )
+
+    async def is_char_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_char_device, abandon_on_cancel=True
+        )
+
+    async def is_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_dir, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def is_fifo(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_fifo, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_file, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def is_junction(self) -> bool:
+            return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_junction)
+
+    async def is_mount(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.path.ismount, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
+
+        def is_reserved(self) -> bool:
+            return self._path.is_reserved()
+
+    async def is_socket(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_socket, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def is_symlink(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_symlink, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+        gen = (
+            self._path.iterdir()
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 13)
+            else await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.iterdir, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        )
+        async for path in _PathIterator(gen):
+            yield path
+
+    def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path.joinpath(*args))
+
+    async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode)
+
+    async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lstat, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def mkdir(
+        self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok)
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.open, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline
+        )
+        return AsyncFile(fp)
+
+    async def owner(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.owner, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes)
+
+    async def read_text(
+        self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_text, encoding, errors)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        def relative_to(
+            self, *other: str | PathLike[str], walk_up: bool = False
+        ) -> Path:
+            # relative_to() should work with any PathLike but it doesn't
+            others = [pathlib.Path(other) for other in other]
+            return Path(self._path.relative_to(*others, walk_up=walk_up))
+
+    else:
+
+        def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+            return Path(self._path.relative_to(*other))
+
+    async def readlink(self) -> Path:
+        target = await to_thread.run_sync(os.readlink, self._path)
+        return Path(target)
+
+    async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target)
+        return Path(target)
+
+    async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target)
+        return Path(target)
+
+    async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Path:
+        func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict)
+        return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, abandon_on_cancel=True))
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Pre Python 3.12
+        def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def rglob(
+            self, pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def rglob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen)
+
+    async def rmdir(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir)
+
+    async def samefile(self, other_path: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other_path, Path):
+            other_path = other_path._path
+
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.samefile, other_path, abandon_on_cancel=True
+        )
+
+    async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result:
+        func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+
+    async def symlink_to(
+        self,
+        target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes],
+        target_is_directory: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory)
+
+    async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok)
+
+    async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if not missing_ok:
+                raise
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def walk(
+            self,
+            top_down: bool = True,
+            on_error: Callable[[OSError], object] | None = None,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[Path, list[str], list[str]]]:
+            def get_next_value() -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[str], list[str]] | None:
+                try:
+                    return next(gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    return None
+
+            gen = self._path.walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
+            while True:
+                value = await to_thread.run_sync(get_next_value)
+                if value is None:
+                    return
+
+                root, dirs, paths = value
+                yield Path(root), dirs, paths
+
+    def with_name(self, name: str) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path.with_name(name))
+
+    def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix))
+
+    def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Path:
+        return Path(self._path.with_suffix(suffix))
+
+    def with_segments(self, *pathsegments: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
+        return Path(*pathsegments)
+
+    async def write_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.write_bytes, data)
+
+    async def write_text(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_text, data, encoding, errors, newline
+        )
+
+
+PathLike.register(Path)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a5344aef2962670f9b305a02cd0b11f2087d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+
+
+async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
+    """
+    Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
+
+    Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
+
+    :param resource: the resource to close
+
+    """
+    with CancelScope() as scope:
+        scope.cancel()
+        await resource.aclose()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e24c79e10d4b76775679f7dd0dbe3f5860150451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+def open_signal_receiver(
+    *signals: Signals,
+) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+    """
+    Start receiving operating system signals.
+
+    :param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
+    :return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields
+        signal numbers
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid
+        relying on this in cross-platform applications.
+
+    .. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for
+        the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c99b3a1c1c7a5beee07aa5cf053149f8b5b9e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1003 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address, ip_address
+from os import PathLike, chmod
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from .. import ConnectionFailed, to_thread
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    ConnectedUDPSocket,
+    ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+    IPAddressType,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    SocketStream,
+    UDPSocket,
+    UNIXDatagramSocket,
+    UNIXSocketStream,
+)
+from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener
+from ..streams.tls import TLSConnectable, TLSStream
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._resources import aclose_forcefully
+from ._synchronization import Event
+from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+    from typing_extensions import deprecated
+else:
+    from warnings import deprecated
+
+IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41)  # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515
+
+AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[
+    AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6
+]
+IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6]
+
+
+# tls_hostname given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# ssl_context given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=True
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[True],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=False
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[False],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+# No TLS arguments
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25,
+) -> SocketStream | TLSStream:
+    """
+    Connect to a host using the TCP protocol.
+
+    This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC
+    6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
+    each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does
+    not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next
+    address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if
+    available) is tried first.
+
+    When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either
+    ``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``.
+
+    :param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to
+    :param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to
+    :param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before
+        connecting
+    :param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a
+        :class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is
+        created)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake
+        before closing the stream and requires that the server does this as well.
+        Otherwise, :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream.
+        Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``.
+        See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details.
+    :param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to
+        the value of ``remote_host``)
+    :param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection
+        attempt
+    :return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    # Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057
+    connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None
+
+    async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None:
+        nonlocal connected_stream
+        try:
+            stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            oserrors.append(exc)
+            return
+        else:
+            if connected_stream is None:
+                connected_stream = stream
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+            else:
+                await stream.aclose()
+        finally:
+            event.set()
+
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), None)
+        family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0]
+
+    target_host = str(remote_host)
+    try:
+        addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host)
+    except ValueError:
+        addr_obj = None
+
+    if addr_obj is not None:
+        if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address):
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)]
+        else:
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)]
+    else:
+        # getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+
+        # Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available)
+        # and the second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order.
+        v6_found = v4_found = False
+        target_addrs = []
+        for af, *_, sa in gai_res:
+            if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found:
+                v6_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0]))
+            elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found:
+                v4_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0]))
+            else:
+                target_addrs.append((af, sa[0]))
+
+    oserrors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for _af, addr in target_addrs:
+                event = Event()
+                tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event)
+                with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay):
+                    await event.wait()
+
+        if connected_stream is None:
+            cause = (
+                oserrors[0]
+                if len(oserrors) == 1
+                else ExceptionGroup("multiple connection attempts failed", oserrors)
+            )
+            raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause
+    finally:
+        oserrors.clear()
+
+    if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context:
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                connected_stream,
+                server_side=False,
+                hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host),
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream)
+            raise
+
+    return connected_stream
+
+
+async def connect_unix(path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any]) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+    """
+    Connect to the given UNIX socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path to the socket
+    :return: a socket stream object
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    path = os.fspath(path)
+    return await get_async_backend().connect_unix(path)
+
+
+async def create_tcp_listener(
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]:
+    """
+    Create a TCP socket listener.
+
+    :param local_port: port number to listen on
+    :param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on
+        all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address
+        family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6.
+    :param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted)
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a multi-listener object containing one or more socket listeners
+    :raises OSError: if there's an error creating a socket, or binding to one or more
+        interfaces failed
+
+    """
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None
+
+    def setup_raw_socket(
+        fam: AddressFamily,
+        bind_addr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int],
+        *,
+        v6only: bool = True,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        sock = socket.socket(fam)
+        try:
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            if fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+                sock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, v6only)
+
+            # For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address
+            # reuse.
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
+            else:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+
+            if reuse_port:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+            # Workaround for #554
+            if fam == socket.AF_INET6 and "%" in bind_addr[0]:
+                addr, scope_id = bind_addr[0].split("%", 1)
+                bind_addr = (addr, bind_addr[1], 0, int(scope_id))
+
+            sock.bind(bind_addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        return sock
+
+    # We passing type=0 on non-Windows platforms as a workaround for a uvloop bug
+    # where we don't get the correct scope ID for IPv6 link-local addresses when passing
+    # type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to getaddrinfo():
+    # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        local_host,
+        local_port,
+        family=family,
+        type=socket.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0,
+        flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+    )
+
+    # The set comprehension is here to work around a glibc bug:
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969
+    sockaddrs = sorted({res for res in gai_res if res[1] == SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM})
+
+    # Special case for dual-stack binding on the "any" interface
+    if (
+        local_host is None
+        and family == AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC
+        and socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()
+        and any(fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6 for fam, *_ in gai_res)
+    ):
+        raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(
+            AddressFamily.AF_INET6, ("::", local_port), v6only=False
+        )
+        listener = asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket)
+        return MultiListener([listener])
+
+    errors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        for _ in range(len(sockaddrs)):
+            listeners: list[SocketListener] = []
+            bound_ephemeral_port = local_port
+            try:
+                for fam, *_, sockaddr in sockaddrs:
+                    sockaddr = sockaddr[0], bound_ephemeral_port, *sockaddr[2:]
+                    raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(fam, sockaddr)
+
+                    # Store the assigned port if an ephemeral port was requested, so
+                    # we'll bind to the same port on all interfaces
+                    if local_port == 0 and len(gai_res) > 1:
+                        bound_ephemeral_port = raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+
+                    listeners.append(asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                for listener in listeners:
+                    await listener.aclose()
+
+                # If an ephemeral port was requested but binding the assigned port
+                # failed for another interface, rotate the address list and try again
+                if (
+                    isinstance(exc, OSError)
+                    and exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE
+                    and local_port == 0
+                    and bound_ephemeral_port
+                ):
+                    errors.append(exc)
+                    sockaddrs.append(sockaddrs.pop(0))
+                    continue
+
+                raise
+
+            return MultiListener(listeners)
+
+        raise OSError(
+            f"Could not create {len(sockaddrs)} listeners with a consistent port"
+        ) from ExceptionGroup("Several bind attempts failed", errors)
+    finally:
+        del errors  # Prevent reference cycles
+
+
+async def create_unix_listener(
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    mode: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+) -> SocketListener:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX socket listener.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :return: a listener object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be
+        removed first.
+
+    """
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(path, mode, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    try:
+        raw_socket.listen(backlog)
+        return get_async_backend().create_unix_listener(raw_socket)
+    except BaseException:
+        raw_socket.close()
+        raise
+
+
+async def create_udp_socket(
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> UDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UDP socket.
+
+    If ``port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local
+    machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services.
+
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a UDP socket
+
+    """
+    if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host:
+        raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given')
+
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+    elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+        local_address = ("::", 0)
+    else:
+        local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0)
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, None, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(UDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_connected_udp_socket(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UDP socket.
+
+    Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, an
+    any packets sent from other sources are dropped.
+
+    :param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target
+    :param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+    """
+    local_address = None
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+    remote_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(ConnectedUDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making this
+    socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes can
+    send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(raw_socket, None)
+
+
+async def create_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+    remote_path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Connected datagram sockets can only communicate with the specified remote path.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making
+    this socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes
+    can send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param remote_path: the path to set as the default target
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    remote_path = os.fspath(remote_path)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        raw_socket, remote_path
+    )
+
+
+async def getaddrinfo(
+    host: bytes | str | None,
+    port: str | int | None,
+    *,
+    family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+    type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+    proto: int = 0,
+    flags: int = 0,
+) -> list[tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, tuple[str, int]]]:
+    """
+    Look up a numeric IP address given a host name.
+
+    Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional)
+    IDNA 2008 standard.
+
+    .. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of
+        (host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does.
+
+    :param host: host name
+    :param port: port number
+    :param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...)
+    :param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...)
+    :param proto: protocol number
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()``
+    :return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo`
+
+    """
+    # Handle unicode hostnames
+    if isinstance(host, str):
+        try:
+            encoded_host: bytes | None = host.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            import idna
+
+            encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True)
+    else:
+        encoded_host = host
+
+    gai_res = await get_async_backend().getaddrinfo(
+        encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+    )
+    return [
+        (family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr))
+        for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res
+        # filter out IPv6 results when IPv6 is disabled
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr[0], int)
+    ]
+
+
+def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Look up the host name of an IP address.
+
+    :param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4)
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()``
+    :return: a tuple of (host name, service name)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo`
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_readable` instead")
+def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_readable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket has data to be read.
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_writable` instead")
+def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_writable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket can be written to.
+
+    This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor
+    event loop (default on py3.8+).
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+def wait_readable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object has data to be read.
+
+    On Unix systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer file descriptor, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer file descriptor. Any
+    kind of file descriptor can be passed, though the exact semantics will depend on
+    your kernel. For example, this probably won't do anything useful for on-disk files.
+
+    On Windows systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer ``SOCKET`` handle, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer ``SOCKET`` handle. File
+    descriptors aren't supported, and neither are handles that refer to anything besides
+    a ``SOCKET``.
+
+    On backends where this functionality is not natively provided (asyncio
+    ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows), it is provided using a separate selector thread
+    which is set to shut down when the interpreter shuts down.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(obj)
+
+
+def wait_writable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object can be written to.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: See the documentation of :func:`wait_readable` for the definition of
+       ``obj`` and notes on backend compatibility.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(obj)
+
+
+def notify_closing(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+    """
+    Call this before closing a file descriptor (on Unix) or socket (on
+    Windows). This will cause any `wait_readable` or `wait_writable`
+    calls on the given object to immediately wake up and raise
+    `~anyio.ClosedResourceError`.
+
+    This doesn't actually close the object – you still have to do that
+    yourself afterwards. Also, you want to be careful to make sure no
+    new tasks start waiting on the object in between when you call this
+    and when it's actually closed. So to close something properly, you
+    usually want to do these steps in order:
+
+    1. Explicitly mark the object as closed, so that any new attempts
+       to use it will abort before they start.
+    2. Call `notify_closing` to wake up any already-existing users.
+    3. Actually close the object.
+
+    It's also possible to do them in a different order if that's more
+    convenient, *but only if* you make sure not to have any checkpoints in
+    between the steps. This way they all happen in a single atomic
+    step, so other tasks won't be able to tell what order they happened
+    in anyway.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    get_async_backend().notify_closing(obj)
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+def convert_ipv6_sockaddr(
+    sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int],
+) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format.
+
+    If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``.
+    Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple.
+    Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is.
+
+    :param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
+    :return: the converted socket address
+
+    """
+    # This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy
+    if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4:
+        host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = sockaddr
+        if scope_id:
+            # PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so
+            # we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end
+            # (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938)
+            host = host.split("%")[0]
+
+            # Add scope_id to the address
+            return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port
+        else:
+            return host, port
+    else:
+        return sockaddr
+
+
+async def setup_unix_local_socket(
+    path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    mode: int | None,
+    socktype: int,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX local socket object, deleting the socket at the given path if it
+    exists.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param socktype: socket.SOCK_STREAM or socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    """
+    path_str: str | None
+    if path is not None:
+        path_str = os.fsdecode(path)
+
+        # Linux abstract namespace sockets aren't backed by a concrete file so skip stat call
+        if not path_str.startswith("\0"):
+            # Copied from pathlib...
+            try:
+                stat_result = os.stat(path)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (
+                    errno.ENOENT,
+                    errno.ENOTDIR,
+                    errno.EBADF,
+                    errno.ELOOP,
+                ):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                if stat.S_ISSOCK(stat_result.st_mode):
+                    os.unlink(path)
+    else:
+        path_str = None
+
+    raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socktype)
+    raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+
+    if path_str is not None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+            if mode is not None:
+                await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        except BaseException:
+            raw_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+    return raw_socket
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TCPConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a TCP server at the given host and port.
+
+    :param host: host name or IP address of the server
+    :param port: TCP port number of the server
+    """
+
+    host: str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+    port: int
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.port < 1 or self.port > 65535:
+            raise ValueError("TCP port number out of range")
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> SocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_tcp(self.host, self.port)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(
+                f"error connecting to {self.host}:{self.port}: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UNIXConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a UNIX domain socket at the given path.
+
+    :param path: the file system path of the socket
+    """
+
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_unix(self.path)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(f"error connecting to {self.path!r}: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+def as_connectable(
+    remote: ByteStreamConnectable
+    | tuple[str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address, int]
+    | str
+    | bytes
+    | PathLike[str],
+    /,
+    *,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+) -> ByteStreamConnectable:
+    """
+    Return a byte stream connectable from the given object.
+
+    If a bytestream connectable is given, it is returned unchanged.
+    If a tuple of (host, port) is given, a TCP connectable is returned.
+    If a string or bytes path is given, a UNIX connectable is returned.
+
+    If ``tls=True``, the connectable will be wrapped in a
+    :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`.
+
+    :param remote: a connectable, a tuple of (host, port) or a path to a UNIX socket
+    :param tls: if ``True``, wrap the plaintext connectable in a
+        :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`, using the provided TLS settings)
+    :param ssl_context: if ``tls=True``, the SSLContext object to use  (if not provided,
+        a secure default will be created)
+    :param tls_hostname: if ``tls=True``, host name of the server to use for checking
+        the server certificate (defaults to the host portion of the address for TCP
+        connectables)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: if ``False`` and ``tls=True``, makes the TLS stream
+        skip the closing handshake when closing the connection, so it won't raise an
+        exception if the server does the same
+
+    """
+    connectable: TCPConnectable | UNIXConnectable | TLSConnectable
+    if isinstance(remote, ByteStreamConnectable):
+        return remote
+    elif isinstance(remote, tuple) and len(remote) == 2:
+        connectable = TCPConnectable(*remote)
+    elif isinstance(remote, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+        connectable = UNIXConnectable(remote)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot convert {remote!r} to a connectable")
+
+    if tls:
+        if not tls_hostname and isinstance(connectable, TCPConnectable):
+            tls_hostname = str(connectable.host)
+
+        connectable = TLSConnectable(
+            connectable,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            hostname=tls_hostname,
+            standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+        )
+
+    return connectable
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b9c7df200f9520357503c754bcdea1c047bdda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ..streams.memory import (
+    MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
+    MemoryObjectSendStream,
+    _MemoryObjectStreamState,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+
+
+class create_memory_object_stream(
+    tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]],
+):
+    """
+    Create a memory object stream.
+
+    The stream's item type can be annotated like
+    :func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`.
+
+    :param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts
+        blocking
+    :param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for
+        static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4)
+
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0
+          Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead.
+    :return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None
+    ) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
+        if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
+        if max_buffer_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
+        if item_type is not None:
+            warn(
+                "The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. "
+                "Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        state = _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size)
+        return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state))
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9796f8bb99403616fcb0b764a0f8283792599e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import PathLike
+from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
+from typing import IO, Any, TypeAlias, cast
+
+from ..abc import Process
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._tasks import create_task_group
+
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+async def run_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    input: bytes | None = None,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = None,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    check: bool = True,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
+    """
+    Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`; ``input`` overrides this
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the
+        process terminates with a return code other than 0
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the
+        command
+    :param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment
+        variables from the parent process
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9,
+        POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :return: an object representing the completed process
+    :raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process
+        exits with a nonzero return code
+
+    """
+
+    async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
+        buffer = BytesIO()
+        async for chunk in stream:
+            buffer.write(chunk)
+
+        stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
+
+    if stdin is not None and input is not None:
+        raise ValueError("only one of stdin and input is allowed")
+
+    async with await open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=PIPE if input else stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        user=user,
+        group=group,
+        extra_groups=extra_groups,
+        umask=umask,
+    ) as process:
+        stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            if process.stdout:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
+
+            if process.stderr:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
+
+            if process.stdin and input:
+                await process.stdin.send(input)
+                await process.stdin.aclose()
+
+            await process.wait()
+
+    output, errors = stream_contents
+    if check and process.returncode != 0:
+        raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
+
+    return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
+
+
+async def open_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> Process:
+    """
+    Start an external command in a subprocess.
+
+    .. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
+        file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
+    :param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the
+        environment variables for the new process
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (POSIX only)
+    :return: an asynchronous process object
+
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if user is not None:
+        kwargs["user"] = user
+
+    if group is not None:
+        kwargs["group"] = group
+
+    if extra_groups is not None:
+        kwargs["extra_groups"] = group
+
+    if umask >= 0:
+        kwargs["umask"] = umask
+
+    return await get_async_backend().open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c6f9a07287044dae830a48735a66ef2b0dd9b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, NoEventLoopError
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class EventStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
+    :ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
+    :ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from
+        this limiter
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
+    """
+
+    borrowed_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: float
+    borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LockStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
+    :ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the
+        lock is not held by any task)
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
+    """
+
+    locked: bool
+    owner: TaskInfo | None
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConditionStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
+    :ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying
+        :class:`~.Lock`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+    lock_statistics: LockStatistics
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SemaphoreStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
+
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+class Event:
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_event()
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return EventAdapter()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        """Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the flag has been set.
+
+        If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns
+        immediately.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        """Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class EventAdapter(Event):
+    _internal_event: Event | None = None
+    _is_set: bool = False
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> EventAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    @property
+    def _event(self) -> Event:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event()
+            if self._is_set:
+                self._internal_event.set()
+
+        return self._internal_event
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._is_set = True
+        else:
+            self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return self._is_set
+
+        return self._internal_event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._internal_event.statistics()
+
+
+class Lock:
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class LockAdapter(Lock):
+    _internal_lock: Lock | None = None
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> LockAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False):
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    @property
+    def _lock(self) -> Lock:
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock(
+                fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._internal_lock is not None:
+            self._internal_lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            return LockStatistics(False, None, 0)
+
+        return self._internal_lock.statistics()
+
+
+class Condition:
+    _owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
+        self._lock = lock or Lock()
+        self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the underlying lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the underlying lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is set."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Notify exactly n listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                event = self._waiters.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+
+            event.set()
+
+    def notify_all(self) -> None:
+        """Notify all the listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for event in self._waiters:
+            event.set()
+
+        self._waiters.clear()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """Wait for a notification."""
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        self._check_acquired()
+        event = Event()
+        self._waiters.append(event)
+        self.release()
+        try:
+            await event.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            if not event.is_set():
+                self._waiters.remove(event)
+            elif self._waiters:
+                # This task was notified by could not act on it, so pass
+                # it on to the next task
+                self._waiters.popleft().set()
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.acquire()
+
+    async def wait_for(self, predicate: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        """
+        Wait until a predicate becomes true.
+
+        :param predicate: a callable that returns a truthy value when the condition is
+            met
+        :return: the result of the predicate
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+        """
+        while not (result := predicate()):
+            await self.wait()
+
+        return result
+
+    def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire
+            )
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
+            raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
+        if initial_value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
+        if max_value is not None:
+            if not isinstance(max_value, int):
+                raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
+            if max_value < initial_value:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
+                )
+
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore:
+        await self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Increment the semaphore value."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        """The current value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore):
+    _internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> SemaphoreAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self._initial_value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+
+    @property
+    def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return self._initial_value
+
+        return self._semaphore.value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._semaphore.statistics()
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter:
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
+
+        This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
+        proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their
+        tokens.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The property is now writable.
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+            The value can now be set to 0.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        """The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become
+        available.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become
+        available.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the current task.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the given borrower.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter):
+    _internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiterAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None:
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(
+                self._total_tokens
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not math.inf:
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+        elif value < 1:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 1")
+
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._total_tokens = value
+            return
+
+        self._limiter.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return 0
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+                borrowed_tokens=0,
+                total_tokens=self.total_tokens,
+                borrowers=(),
+                tasks_waiting=0,
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.statistics()
+
+
+class ResourceGuard:
+    """
+    A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a
+    time.
+
+    Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger
+    :exc:`BusyResourceError`.
+
+    :param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError`
+        when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.1
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "action", "_guarded"
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = "using"):
+        self.action: str = action
+        self._guarded = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        if self._guarded:
+            raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
+
+        self._guarded = True
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._guarded = False
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0688bfe960cf9747373c93e482a64d1369befa11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ..abc._tasks import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
+
+
+class CancelScope:
+    """
+    Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
+
+    :param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this scope immediately.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
+
+        Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised.
+
+        This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the
+        scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however,
+        only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not
+        an outer scope).
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
+
+        While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def fail_after(
+    delay: float | None, shield: bool = False
+) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
+    """
+    Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in
+    time.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
+    :rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
+    deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
+        deadline=deadline, shield=shield
+    ) as cancel_scope:
+        yield cancel_scope
+
+    if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline:
+        raise TimeoutError
+
+
+def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
+    """
+    Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a cancel scope
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    deadline = (
+        (get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    )
+    return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+
+def current_effective_deadline() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current
+    task.
+
+    :return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
+        there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
+        been cancelled)
+    :rtype: float
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline()
+
+
+def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
+    """
+    Create a task group.
+
+    :return: a task group
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().create_task_group()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75a09f793744b8e60375ce2efab98307d077bc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from .._core._fileio import AsyncFile
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+
+
+class TemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager interface to a temporary file.
+    The file is created using Python's standard `tempfile.TemporaryFile` function in a
+    background thread, and is wrapped as an asynchronous file using `AsyncFile`.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode | OpenBinaryMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.buffering = buffering
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.newline = newline
+        self.suffix: str | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: str | None = prefix
+        self.dir: str | None = dir
+        self.errors = errors
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(
+                self.mode,
+                self.buffering,
+                self.encoding,
+                self.newline,
+                self.suffix,
+                self.prefix,
+                self.dir,
+                errors=self.errors,
+            )
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class NamedTemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous named temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for a temporary file with a
+    visible name in the file system. It uses Python's standard
+    :func:`~tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function and wraps the file object with
+    :class:`AsyncFile` for asynchronous operations.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the file when it is closed.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    :param delete_on_close: (Python 3.12+) Whether to delete the file on close.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        delete: bool = True,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        delete_on_close: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "delete": delete,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            self._params["delete_on_close"] = delete_on_close
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**self._params)
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class SpooledTemporaryFile(AsyncFile[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous spooled temporary file that starts in memory and is spooled to disk.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous interface to a spooled temporary file, much like
+    Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`. It supports asynchronous
+    write operations and provides a method to force a rollover to disk.
+
+    :param max_size: Maximum size in bytes before the file is rolled over to disk.
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file (text mode only).
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (text mode only).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _rolled: bool = False
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int = 0,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._tempfile_params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        if "b" in mode:
+            super().__init__(BytesIO())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        else:
+            super().__init__(
+                TextIOWrapper(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    BytesIO(),
+                    encoding=encoding,
+                    errors=errors,
+                    newline=newline,
+                    write_through=True,
+                )
+            )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            self._fp.close()
+            return
+
+        await super().aclose()
+
+    async def _check(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled or self._fp.tell() <= self._max_size:
+            return
+
+        await self.rollover()
+
+    async def rollover(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled:
+            return
+
+        self._rolled = True
+        buffer = self._fp
+        buffer.seek(0)
+        self._fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(**self._tempfile_params)
+        )
+        await self.write(buffer.read())
+        buffer.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._fp.closed
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read(size)
+
+        return await super().read(size)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def read1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read1(size)
+
+        return await super().read1(size)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readline()
+
+        return await super().readline()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readlines()
+
+        return await super().readlines()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readinto(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto(b)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto1(b)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.seek(offset, whence)
+
+        return await super().seek(offset, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.tell()
+
+        return await super().tell()
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.truncate(size)
+
+        return await super().truncate(size)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write data to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the data is written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param s: The data to write.
+        :return: The number of bytes written.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.write(b)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().write(b)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[str] | Iterable[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write a list of lines to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the lines are written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param lines: An iterable of lines to write.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.writelines(lines)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().writelines(lines)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class TemporaryDirectory(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary directory that is created and cleaned up automatically.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for creating a temporary
+    directory. It wraps Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to
+    perform directory creation and cleanup operations in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param dir: The parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :param ignore_cleanup_errors: Whether to ignore errors during cleanup
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the directory upon closing (Python 3.12+).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+        *,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = False,
+        delete: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.suffix: AnyStr | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: AnyStr | None = prefix
+        self.dir: AnyStr | None = dir
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+        self.delete = delete
+
+        self._tempdir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> str:
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "suffix": self.suffix,
+            "prefix": self.prefix,
+            "dir": self.dir,
+            "ignore_cleanup_errors": self.ignore_cleanup_errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            params["delete"] = self.delete
+
+        self._tempdir = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(**params)
+        )
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.__enter__)
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._tempdir.__exit__, exc_type, exc_value, traceback
+            )
+
+    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.cleanup)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
+
+
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str | bytes]:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary file and return an OS-level handle and the file
+    name.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkstemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the file name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the file name.
+    :param dir: Directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param text: Whether the file is opened in text mode.
+    :return: A tuple containing the file descriptor and the file name.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkstemp, suffix, prefix, dir, text)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+) -> str: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary directory and return its path.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkdtemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param dir: Parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :return: The path of the created temporary directory.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkdtemp, suffix, prefix, dir)
+
+
+async def gettempdir() -> str:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdir` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as a string.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdir)
+
+
+async def gettempdirb() -> bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files in bytes.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdirb` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as bytes.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdirb)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..369e65c068a426e99b7e8571209e80ce35b71f47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+class TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Represents an asynchronous task.
+
+    :ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
+    :ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
+    :vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
+    :ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
+    :ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: int,
+        parent_id: int | None,
+        name: str | None,
+        coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
+    ):
+        func = get_current_task
+        self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
+        self.id: int = id
+        self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
+        self.name: str | None = name
+        self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
+            return self.id == other.id
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return False
+
+
+def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Return the current task.
+
+    :return: a representation of the current task
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().get_current_task()
+
+
+def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
+    """
+    Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
+
+    :return: a list of task info objects
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks())
+
+
+async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
+    """Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
+    await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f358a448cb12739fd4eda4f4859d3a24ddd1de63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload
+
+from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
+
+T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
+T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
+undefined = object()
+
+
+def typed_attribute() -> Any:
+    """Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
+    return object()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeSet:
+    """
+    Superclass for typed attribute collections.
+
+    Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
+        for attrname in dir(cls):
+            if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
+                )
+
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeProvider:
+    """Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
+        """
+        A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding
+        values.
+
+        If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should
+        also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the
+        callables from the wrapped instance).
+
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ...
+
+    @final
+    def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
+        """
+        extra(attribute, default=undefined)
+
+        Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
+
+        :param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to
+            look for
+        :param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the
+            attribute
+        :raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default
+            value was given
+
+        """
+        try:
+            getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is undefined:
+                raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
+            else:
+                return default
+
+        return getter()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d560ce3f1fa45a7ee4a3bc8958aa59702caa9d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend
+from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType
+from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType
+from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute
+from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener
+from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream
+from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType
+from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStreamConnectable as AnyByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream
+from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteStreamConnectable as ByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import Listener as Listener
+from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStreamConnectable as ObjectStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._subprocesses import Process as Process
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup
+from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus
+from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner
+
+# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
+# isort: off
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter,
+    Condition as Condition,
+    Event as Event,
+    Lock as Lock,
+    Semaphore as Semaphore,
+)
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal as BlockingPortal
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+del __value
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae0628807c7e3f37527a9cd2c8e454601f8615f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+    from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
+    from .._core._testing import TaskInfo
+    from ._sockets import (
+        ConnectedUDPSocket,
+        ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+        IPSockAddrType,
+        SocketListener,
+        SocketStream,
+        UDPSocket,
+        UNIXDatagramSocket,
+        UNIXSocketStream,
+    )
+    from ._subprocesses import Process
+    from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+    from ._testing import TestRunner
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+        The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation
+            with
+        :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        """
+        Return an object that allows other threads to run code inside the event loop.
+
+        :return: a token object, specific to the event loop running in the current
+            thread
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+        :return: the clock value (seconds)
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        """Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then
+        :meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the current task group has been cancelled.
+
+        This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks
+        to be scheduled if not.
+
+        """
+        if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf:
+            await cls.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Allow the rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the
+        current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`.
+
+        """
+        with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True):
+            await cls.sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+        :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the
+        current task.
+
+        :return:
+            - a clock value from the event loop's internal clock
+            - ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect
+            - ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> Event:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        pass
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10df115a7b9f975493476da763cc1e26dbd822e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
+
+    Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter,
+    and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """Close the resource."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feb26bd44a240acb20fd0f2498dff5631b8e2fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import socket
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from io import IOBase
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+from socket import AddressFamily
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .._core._typedattr import (
+    TypedAttributeProvider,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+IPAddressType: TypeAlias = str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+IPSockAddrType: TypeAlias = tuple[str, int]
+SockAddrType: TypeAlias = IPSockAddrType | str
+UDPPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
+UNIXDatagramPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, str]
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+
+
+def _validate_socket(
+    sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    sock_type: socket.SocketKind,
+    addr_family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    require_connected: bool = False,
+    require_bound: bool = False,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(fileno=sock_or_fd)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "the file descriptor does not refer to a socket"
+                ) from exc
+            elif require_connected:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+            elif require_bound:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address") from exc
+            else:
+                raise
+    elif isinstance(sock_or_fd, socket.socket):
+        sock = sock_or_fd
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"expected an int or socket, got {type(sock_or_fd).__qualname__} instead"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        if require_connected:
+            try:
+                sock.getpeername()
+            except OSError as exc:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+
+        if require_bound:
+            try:
+                if sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()
+            except OSError:
+                bound_addr = None
+
+            if not bound_addr:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address")
+
+        if addr_family != socket.AF_UNSPEC and sock.family != addr_family:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"address family mismatch: expected {addr_family.name}, got "
+                f"{sock.family.name}"
+            )
+
+        if sock.type != sock_type:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"socket type mismatch: expected {sock_type.name}, got {sock.type.name}"
+            )
+    except BaseException:
+        # Avoid ResourceWarning from the locally constructed socket object
+        if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+            sock.detach()
+
+        raise
+
+    sock.setblocking(False)
+    return sock
+
+
+class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """
+    .. attribute:: family
+        :type: socket.AddressFamily
+
+        the address family of the underlying socket
+
+    .. attribute:: local_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the local address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: local_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
+
+    .. attribute:: raw_socket
+        :type: socket.socket
+
+        the underlying stdlib socket object
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
+    """
+
+    family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
+    local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    local_port: int = typed_attribute()
+    raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
+    remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
+
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
+            SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()
+            ),
+            SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
+        }
+        try:
+            peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
+        except OSError:
+            peername = None
+
+        # Provide the remote address for connected sockets
+        if peername is not None:
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
+
+        # Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
+        if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = lambda: (
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+            )
+            if peername is not None:
+                remote_port = peername[1]
+                attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
+
+        return attributes
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        pass
+
+
+class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Transports bytes over a socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> SocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_connected=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_stream_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_stream_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        """
+        Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
+
+        :param message: a non-empty bytestring
+        :param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file
+            or socket objects)
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        """
+        Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
+
+        :param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
+        :param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
+        :return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
+        """
+
+
+class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Listens to incoming socket connections.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> SocketListener:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket listener.
+
+        The newly created listener takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket listener
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_listener_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        """Accept an incoming connection."""
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            if task_group is None:
+                task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
+
+            while True:
+                stream = await self.accept()
+                task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must be bound to a local address.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_udp_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))).
+
+        """
+        return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an connected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd,
+            socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            require_connected=True,
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_udp_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(
+    UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider
+):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
+        """Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path))."""
+        return await self.send((data, path))
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents a connected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..186e3f503a9a71ce96ac2087cf8bfdedc490c534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
+    Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in
+    which they were sent, or that no messages are missed.
+
+    Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the
+    given type parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
+    Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for sending objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the
+    recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the peer(s).
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectStream(
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of
+    message delivery.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    """
+    A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same
+    order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    """
+    A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order
+    in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectStream(
+    ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
+    ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
+    UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message
+    delivery.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
+
+    Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more
+    than 65536 bytes.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
+
+        .. note:: Implementers of this interface should not return an empty
+            :class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them.
+
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive
+        :return: the received bytes
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        """
+
+
+class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the given bytes to the peer.
+
+        :param item: the bytes to send
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """A bidirectional byte stream."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteSendStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteStream: TypeAlias = UnreliableObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = ObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyByteSendStream: TypeAlias = ObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyByteStream: TypeAlias = ObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+
+
+class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
+
+        :param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
+        :param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling
+            each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
+        """
+
+
+class ObjectStreamConnectable(Generic[T_co], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ObjectStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: an object stream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStreamConnectable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ByteStream:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: a bytestream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all connectables returning bytestreams or bytes-oriented object streams
+AnyByteStreamConnectable: TypeAlias = (
+    ObjectStreamConnectable[bytes] | ByteStreamConnectable
+)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce0564ceac8aac425675b5c8f7f7205d08061fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class Process(AsyncResource):
+    """An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Wait until the process exits.
+
+        :return: the exit code of the process
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Kills the process.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a signal to the subprocess.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
+
+        :param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        """The process ID of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will
+        be ``None``.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard input of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard output of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard error output of the process."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..516b3ec3b38a4b140f5d607dd28da989f057b832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol, overload
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True, default=None)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
+    @overload
+    def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ...
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal that the task has started.
+
+        :param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
+        """
+
+
+class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
+
+    :ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
+    :vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    .. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be
+        **experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new
+        tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus
+        cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in
+        mind.
+    """
+
+    cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Start a new task in this task group.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        The target callable must accept a keyword argument ``task_status`` (of type
+        :class:`TaskStatus`). Awaiting on this method will return whatever was passed to
+        ``task_status.started()`` (``None`` by default).
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`TaskStatus` class is generic, and the type argument should
+            indicate the type of the value that will be passed to
+            ``task_status.started()``.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function that accepts the ``task_status`` keyword
+            argument
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: an optional name for the task, for introspection and debugging
+        :return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling
+            ``task_status.started()``
+
+        .. seealso:: :ref:`start_initialize`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        """Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c50ed76dc4d8df41262973a0122295523e2a935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import types
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the
+    same event loop.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        return self
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[_T]:
+        """
+        Run an async generator fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> _T:
+        """
+        Run an async fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: the return value of the fixture function
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Run an async test function.
+
+        :param test_func: the test function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
+        """
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57c7cd749bfb94bbe7a992aa9a05af268a841d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BufferedByteReceiveStream",
+    "BufferedByteStream",
+    "BufferedConnectable",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, SupportsIndex
+
+from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated
+    receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream.
+    """
+
+    receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    _buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray)
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> bytes:
+        """The bytes currently in the buffer."""
+        return bytes(self._buffer)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: Iterable[SupportsIndex], /) -> None:
+        """
+        Append data directly into the buffer.
+
+        Any data in the buffer will be consumed by receive operations before receiving
+        anything from the wrapped stream.
+
+        :param data: the data to append to the buffer (can be bytes or anything else
+            that supports ``__index__()``)
+
+        """
+        self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._buffer:
+            chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes])
+            del self._buffer[:max_bytes]
+            return chunk
+        elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+            return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+        else:
+            # With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes
+            # we get from the receive() call
+            chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Save the surplus bytes in the buffer
+                self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:])
+                return chunk[:max_bytes]
+            else:
+                return chunk
+
+    async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream.
+
+        :param nbytes: the number of bytes to read
+        :return: the bytes read
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested
+            amount of bytes could be read from the stream
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer)
+            if remaining <= 0:
+                retval = self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                del self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                return bytes(retval)
+
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining)
+                else:
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            self._buffer.extend(chunk)
+
+    async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read.
+
+        :param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising
+            :exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound`
+        :return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter)
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter
+            was found
+        :raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the
+            bytes read up to the maximum allowed
+
+        """
+        delimiter_size = len(delimiter)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            # Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer
+            index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset)
+            if index >= 0:
+                found = self._buffer[:index]
+                del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :]
+                return bytes(found)
+
+            # Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit
+            if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes:
+                raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes)
+
+            # Read more data into the buffer from the socket
+            try:
+                data = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            # Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer
+            offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0)
+            self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+
+class BufferedByteStream(BufferedByteReceiveStream, ByteStream):
+    """
+    A full-duplex variant of :class:`BufferedByteReceiveStream`. All writes are passed
+    through to the wrapped stream as-is.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AnyByteStream):
+        """
+        :param stream: the stream to be wrapped
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(stream)
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    @override
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send_eof()
+
+    @override
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send(item)
+
+
+class BufferedConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> BufferedByteStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return BufferedByteStream(stream)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79c3d500beae578832b7e960a76ead95c80be01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "FileReadStream",
+    "FileStreamAttribute",
+    "FileWriteStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    to_thread,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    #: the open file descriptor
+    file: IO[bytes] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file)
+    path: Path = typed_attribute()
+    #: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY)
+    fileno: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _BaseFileStream:
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]):
+        self._file = file
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file,
+        }
+
+        if hasattr(self._file, "name"):
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name)
+
+        try:
+            self._file.fileno()
+        except UnsupportedOperation:
+            pass
+        else:
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno()
+
+        return attributes
+
+
+class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream:
+        """
+        Create a file read stream by opening the given file.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to read from
+
+        """
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb")
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        """
+        Seek the file to the given position.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek`
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :param position: position to seek the file to
+        :param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted
+        :return: the new absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the current stream position.
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :return: the current absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell)
+
+
+class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(
+        cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False
+    ) -> FileWriteStream:
+        """
+        Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to write to
+        :param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any
+            existing file at the given path will be truncated
+
+        """
+        mode = "ab" if append else "wb"
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode)
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3fa0c3d9783f34fb5225938f6ce5d1d31b9b85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MemoryObjectReceiveStream",
+    "MemoryObjectSendStream",
+    "MemoryObjectStreamStatistics",
+)
+
+import warnings
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+from ..abc import Event, ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple):
+    current_buffer_used: int  #: number of items stored in the buffer
+    #: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`)
+    max_buffer_size: float
+    open_send_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream
+    open_receive_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send`
+    tasks_waiting_send: int
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive`
+    tasks_waiting_receive: int
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]):
+    task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task)
+    item: T_Item = field(init=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__:
+        # AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item'
+        item = getattr(self, "item", None)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})"
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]):
+    max_buffer_size: float = field()
+    buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque)
+    open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+    waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(
+            len(self.buffer),
+            self.max_buffer_size,
+            self.open_send_channels,
+            self.open_receive_channels,
+            len(self.waiting_senders),
+            len(self.waiting_receivers),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(Generic[T_co], ObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_receive_channels += 1
+
+    def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :return: the received item
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been
+            closed from the sending end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks
+            waiting to send
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._state.waiting_senders:
+            # Get the item from the next sender
+            send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False)
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+            send_event.set()
+
+        if self._state.buffer:
+            return self._state.buffer.popleft()
+        elif not self._state.open_send_channels:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            return self.receive_nowait()
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Add ourselves in the queue
+            receive_event = Event()
+            receiver = _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]()
+            self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver
+
+            try:
+                await receive_event.wait()
+            finally:
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None)
+
+            try:
+                return receiver.item
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise EndOfStream from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this receive stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0:
+                send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys())
+                for event in send_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectSendStream(Generic[T_contra], ObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_send_channels += 1
+
+    def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting
+            to receive
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if not self._state.open_receive_channels:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+        while self._state.waiting_receivers:
+            receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False)
+            if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation():
+                receiver.item = item
+                receive_event.set()
+                return
+
+        if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size:
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+        else:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the stream.
+
+        If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the
+        buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+
+        """
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            self.send_nowait(item)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Wait until there's someone on the receiving end
+            send_event = Event()
+            self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item
+            try:
+                await send_event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None)
+                raise
+
+            if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders:
+                del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event]
+                raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this send stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_send_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_send_channels == 0:
+                receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys())
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.clear()
+                for event in receive_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9248b68abfbff90ddd64646fbe9cabb9f0ebe869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MultiListener",
+    "StapledByteStream",
+    "StapledObjectStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteSendStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    Listener,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream")
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledByteStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream
+    :param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ByteSendStream
+    receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledObjectStream(Generic[T_Item], ObjectStream[T_Item]):
+    """
+    Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream
+    :param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+    receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_Item:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MultiListener(Generic[T_Stream], Listener[T_Stream]):
+    """
+    Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once.
+
+    Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners
+    moved into this one.
+
+    Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener
+    overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one.
+
+    :param listeners: listeners to serve
+    :type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+    """
+
+    listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = []
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            if isinstance(listener, MultiListener):
+                listeners.extend(listener.listeners)
+                del listener.listeners[:]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                listeners.append(listener)
+
+        self.listeners = listeners
+
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for listener in self.listeners:
+                tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            await listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict = {}
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes)
+
+        return attributes
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..296cd250459f3848bb333301fff1ac32973f219a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TextConnectable",
+    "TextReceiveStream",
+    "TextSendStream",
+    "TextStream",
+)
+
+import codecs
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteSendStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    ObjectStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]):
+    """
+    Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding.
+
+    Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any
+    completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in.
+
+    :param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream
+    :param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults
+        to ``utf-8``)
+    :param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the
+        `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)
+        self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors)
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        while True:
+            chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+            decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk)
+            if decoded:
+                return decoded
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+        self._decoder.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]):
+    """
+    Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding.
+
+    :param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes
+        (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: str = "strict"
+    _encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None:
+        self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0]
+        await self.transport_stream.send(encoded)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]):
+    """
+    A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings
+    to bytes on send.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from
+        bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False)
+    _send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+        self._send_stream = TextSendStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        return await self._receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.send_eof()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.aclose()
+        await self._receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self._send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self._receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+class TextConnectable(ObjectStreamConnectable[str]):
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the bytestream endpoint to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TextStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return TextStream(stream)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2a7ca5b17b9b6c2d3f0f39e86b22342d0b4df65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TLSAttribute",
+    "TLSConnectable",
+    "TLSListener",
+    "TLSStream",
+)
+
+import logging
+import re
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import wraps
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    aclose_forcefully,
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    to_thread,
+)
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    Listener,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+_PCTRTT: TypeAlias = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT: TypeAlias = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+
+
+class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes."""
+
+    #: the selected ALPN protocol
+    alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique``
+    channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute()
+    #: the selected cipher
+    cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`
+    # for more information)
+    peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in binary form
+    peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection
+    server_side: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the
+    #: client side)
+    shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption
+    ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the
+    #: stream is being closed
+    standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``)
+    tls_version: str = typed_attribute()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data.
+
+    This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead.
+    All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported.
+
+    :var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream
+
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    standard_compatible: bool
+    _ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject
+    _read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+    _write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap(
+        cls,
+        transport_stream: AnyByteStream,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool | None = None,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> TLSStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security.
+
+        This performs a TLS handshake with the peer.
+
+        :param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap
+        :param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection,
+            ``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False``
+            if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create
+            a default context when an explicit context has not been provided.
+        :param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired)
+        :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure
+            default will be created)
+        :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when
+            closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the
+            same
+        :raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails
+
+        """
+        if server_side is None:
+            server_side = not hostname
+
+        if not ssl_context:
+            purpose = (
+                ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+            )
+            ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose)
+
+            # Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python
+            if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"):
+                ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
+
+        bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        # External SSLContext implementations may do blocking I/O in wrap_bio(),
+        # but the standard library implementation won't
+        if type(ssl_context) is ssl.SSLContext:
+            ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                bio_in, bio_out, server_side=server_side, server_hostname=hostname
+            )
+        else:
+            ssl_object = await to_thread.run_sync(
+                ssl_context.wrap_bio,
+                bio_in,
+                bio_out,
+                server_side,
+                hostname,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        wrapper = cls(
+            transport_stream=transport_stream,
+            standard_compatible=standard_compatible,
+            _ssl_object=ssl_object,
+            _read_bio=bio_in,
+            _write_bio=bio_out,
+        )
+        await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake)
+        return wrapper
+
+    async def _call_sslobject_method(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
+                try:
+                    # Flush any pending writes first
+                    if self._write_bio.pending:
+                        await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                    data = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+                except EndOfStream:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                    self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    self._read_bio.write(data)
+            except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
+                await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+            except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+            except ssl.SSLError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or (
+                    exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror
+                ):
+                    if self.standard_compatible:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                    else:
+                        raise EndOfStream from None
+
+                raise
+            else:
+                # Flush any pending writes first
+                if self._write_bio.pending:
+                    await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                return result
+
+    async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]:
+        """
+        Does the TLS closing handshake.
+
+        :return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer)
+
+        """
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap)
+        self._read_bio.write_eof()
+        self._write_bio.write_eof()
+        return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self.standard_compatible:
+            try:
+                await self.unwrap()
+            except BaseException:
+                await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream)
+                raise
+
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes)
+        if not data:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version)
+        match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version)
+        if match:
+            major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0)
+            if (major, minor) < (1, 3):
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current "
+                    f"session uses {tls_version}"
+                )
+
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.transport_stream.extra_attributes,
+            TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol,
+            TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: (
+                self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher,
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False),
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(
+                True
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side,
+            TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: (
+                self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers()
+                if self._ssl_object.server_side
+                else None
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+            TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object,
+            TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]):
+    """
+    A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session
+    on every accepted connection.
+
+    If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception,
+    :meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is
+    deemed necessary.
+
+    Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute.
+
+    :param Listener listener: the listener to wrap
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object
+    :param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap`
+    :param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake
+        (passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`)
+    """
+
+    listener: Listener[Any]
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext
+    standard_compatible: bool = True
+    handshake_timeout: float = 30
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake.
+
+        This method does 3 things:
+
+        #. Forcefully closes the original stream
+        #. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the
+           ``anyio.streams.tls`` logger
+        #. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception
+
+        :param exc: the exception
+        :param stream: the original stream
+
+        """
+        await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+
+        # Log all except cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            # CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using
+            # any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log
+            # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this
+            # issue because it works around the CPython bug.
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
+                "Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc
+            )
+
+        # Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            raise
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        @wraps(handler)
+        async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+            from .. import fail_after
+
+            try:
+                with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout):
+                    wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+                    )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream)
+            else:
+                await handler(wrapped_stream)
+
+        await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+        }
+
+
+class TLSConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps another connectable and does TLS negotiation after a successful connection.
+
+    :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+    :param hostname: host name of the server (if host name checking is desired)
+    :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure default
+        will be created)
+    :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when closing
+        the connection, and don't raise an exception if the server does the same
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+        *,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connectable = connectable
+        self.ssl_context: SSLContext = ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context(
+            ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+        )
+        if not isinstance(self.ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "ssl_context must be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, not "
+                f"{type(self.ssl_context).__name__}"
+            )
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.standard_compatible = standard_compatible
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TLSStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                stream,
+                hostname=self.hostname,
+                ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+            raise
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.4.22.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.4.22.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62b076cdee58ec8f34034141ba0befd9015b0c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.4.22.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
+
+ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
+
+This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
+(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
+file (certdata.txt).  This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
+https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
+can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
+an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
+Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
+
+***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
+v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/click-8.3.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/python/Lib/site-packages/click-8.3.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d12a849186982399c537c5b9a8fd77bf2edd5eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/click-8.3.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2014 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3105888ec149d10cad51c11d332779e94b548661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 Jonathan Hartley
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holders, nor those of its contributors
+  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+  specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a20c80f882066e0e1323b0c7f61e22913c32e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansi import Back, Fore, Style
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+stderr_orig = sys.stderr
+
+
+class AnsiTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check: stdout should be a file or StringIO object.
+        # It will only be AnsiToWin32 if init() has previously wrapped it
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stdout), AnsiToWin32)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stderr), AnsiToWin32)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.stdout = stdout_orig
+        sys.stderr = stderr_orig
+
+
+    def testForeAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLACK, '\033[30m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RED, '\033[31m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.GREEN, '\033[32m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.YELLOW, '\033[33m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLUE, '\033[34m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.MAGENTA, '\033[35m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.CYAN, '\033[36m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.WHITE, '\033[37m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RESET, '\033[39m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[90m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[91m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[92m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[93m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[94m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[95m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[96m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[97m')
+
+
+    def testBackAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLACK, '\033[40m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RED, '\033[41m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.GREEN, '\033[42m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.YELLOW, '\033[43m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLUE, '\033[44m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.MAGENTA, '\033[45m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.CYAN, '\033[46m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.WHITE, '\033[47m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RESET, '\033[49m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[100m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[101m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[102m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[103m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[104m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[105m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[106m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[107m')
+
+
+    def testStyleAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Style.DIM, '\033[2m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.NORMAL, '\033[22m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.BRIGHT, '\033[1m')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91ca551f97b4576c680711e826a1855fb944c872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    # python 2
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32, StreamWrapper
+from ..win32 import ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+from .utils import osname
+
+
+class StreamWrapperTest(TestCase):
+
+    def testIsAProxy(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, None)
+        self.assertTrue( wrapper.random_attr is mockStream.random_attr )
+
+    def testDelegatesWrite(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter)
+        wrapper.write('hello')
+        self.assertTrue(mockConverter.write.call_args, (('hello',), {}))
+
+    def testDelegatesContext(self):
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        s = StringIO()
+        with StreamWrapper(s, mockConverter) as fp:
+            fp.write(u'hello')
+        self.assertTrue(s.closed)
+
+    def testProxyNoContextManager(self):
+        mockStream = MagicMock()
+        mockStream.__enter__.side_effect = AttributeError()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
+            with StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter) as wrapper:
+                wrapper.write('hello')
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_stream(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_detached_stream(self):
+        stream = TextIOWrapper(StringIO())
+        stream.detach()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+class AnsiToWin32Test(TestCase):
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        auto = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, autoreset=auto)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped, mockStdout)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.autoreset, auto)
+
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm', None)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    def testStripIsTrueOnWindows(self):
+        with osname('nt'):
+            mockStdout = Mock()
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+
+    def testStripIsFalseOffWindows(self):
+        with osname('posix'):
+            mockStdout = Mock(closed=False)
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+
+    def testWriteStripsAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = True
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.wrapped.write.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.write_and_convert.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def testWriteDoesNotStripAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = False
+        stream.convert = False
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.write_and_convert.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def assert_autoresets(self, convert, autoreset=True):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = convert
+        stream.reset_all = Mock()
+        stream.autoreset = autoreset
+        stream.winterm = Mock()
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(stream.reset_all.called, autoreset)
+
+    def testWriteAutoresets(self):
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True, autoreset=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False, autoreset=False)
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertWritesPlainText(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.write_and_convert( 'abc' )
+        self.assertEqual( stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}) )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertStripsAllValidAnsi(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        data = [
+            'abc\033[mdef',
+            'abc\033[0mdef',
+            'abc\033[2mdef',
+            'abc\033[02mdef',
+            'abc\033[002mdef',
+            'abc\033[40mdef',
+            'abc\033[040mdef',
+            'abc\033[0;1mdef',
+            'abc\033[40;50mdef',
+            'abc\033[50;30;40mdef',
+            'abc\033[Adef',
+            'abc\033[0Gdef',
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef',
+        ]
+        for datum in data:
+            stream.wrapped.write.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual(
+               [args[0] for args in stream.wrapped.write.call_args_list],
+               [ ('abc',), ('def',) ]
+            )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertSkipsEmptySnippets(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert( '\033[40m\033[41m' )
+        self.assertFalse( stream.wrapped.write.called )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertCallsWin32WithParamsAndCommand(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = True
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.extract_params = Mock(return_value='params')
+        data = {
+            'abc\033[adef':         ('a', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;bdef':       ('b', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[0cdef':        ('c', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;0;;Gdef':    ('G', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef': ('H', 'params'),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            stream.call_win32.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual( stream.call_win32.call_args[0], expected )
+
+    def test_reset_all_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        stream.close()
+
+        converter.reset_all()
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_missing_closed_attr(self):
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(object())
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def testExtractParams(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        data = {
+            '':               (0,),
+            ';;':             (0,),
+            '2':              (2,),
+            ';;002;;':        (2,),
+            '0;1':            (0, 1),
+            ';;003;;456;;':   (3, 456),
+            '11;22;33;44;55': (11, 22, 33, 44, 55),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            self.assertEqual(stream.extract_params('m', datum), expected)
+
+    def testCallWin32UsesLookup(self):
+        listener = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(listener)
+        stream.win32_calls = {
+            1: (lambda *_, **__: listener(11),),
+            2: (lambda *_, **__: listener(22),),
+            3: (lambda *_, **__: listener(33),),
+        }
+        stream.call_win32('m', (3, 1, 99, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [a[0][0] for a in listener.call_args_list],
+            [33, 11, 22] )
+
+    def test_osc_codes(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, convert=True)
+        with patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm') as winterm:
+            data = [
+                '\033]0\x07',                      # missing arguments
+                '\033]0;foo\x08',                  # wrong OSC command
+                '\033]0;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]1;colorama_test_title\x07',  # wrong set command
+                '\033]2;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]' + ';' * 64 + '\x08',       # see issue #247
+            ]
+            for code in data:
+                stream.write(code)
+            self.assertEqual(winterm.set_title.call_count, 2)
+
+    def test_native_windows_ansi(self):
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            def p(a, b):
+                stack.enter_context(patch(a, b, create=True))
+            # Pretend to be on Windows
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt")
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.win32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.windll", "non-None")
+            p("colorama.winterm.get_osfhandle", lambda _: 1234)
+
+            # Pretend that our mock stream has native ANSI support
+            p(
+                "colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode",
+                lambda _: ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+            )
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stdout = Mock()
+            stdout.closed = False
+            stdout.isatty.return_value = True
+            stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+
+            # Our fake console says it has native vt support, so AnsiToWin32 should
+            # enable that support and do nothing else.
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.convert)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.should_wrap())
+
+            # Now let's pretend we're on an old Windows console, that doesn't have
+            # native ANSI support.
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode", lambda _: 0)
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.convert)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.should_wrap())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89f9b07511c8fee74686d9cc434bf66345a46d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import patch, Mock
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper
+from ..initialise import init, just_fix_windows_console, _wipe_internal_state_for_tests
+from .utils import osname, replace_by
+
+orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+
+class InitTest(TestCase):
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.stdout.isatty(), "sys.stdout is not a tty")
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check
+        self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def assertWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should be wrapped')
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should be wrapped')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stdout, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stdout wrapper')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stderr, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stderr wrapper')
+
+    def assertNotWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should not be wrapped')
+        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should not be wrapped')
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitWrapsOnWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnEmulatedWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnNonWindows(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapIfNone(self):
+        with replace_by(None):
+            init()
+            # We can't use assertNotWrapped here because replace_by(None)
+            # changes stdout/stderr already.
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stdout)
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stderr)
+
+    def testInitAutoresetOnWrapsOnAllPlatforms(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffDoesntWrapOnWindows(self):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(wrap=False)
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffIncompatibleWithAutoresetOn(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: init(autoreset=True, wrap=False))
+
+    @patch('colorama.win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute')
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetPassedOn(self, mockATW32, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[1][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[0][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetChangeable(self, mockATW32):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[2][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[3][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+            init()
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 6)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[4][1]['autoreset'], False)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[5][1]['autoreset'], False)
+
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.atexit.register')
+    def testAtexitRegisteredOnlyOnce(self, mockRegister):
+        init()
+        self.assertTrue(mockRegister.called)
+        mockRegister.reset_mock()
+        init()
+        self.assertFalse(mockRegister.called)
+
+
+class JustFixWindowsConsoleTest(TestCase):
+    def _reset(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._reset()
+
+    @patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+    def testJustFixWindowsConsole(self):
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            # just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+            just_fix_windows_console()
+            self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+            self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr)
+        else:
+            def fake_std():
+                # Emulate stdout=not a tty, stderr=tty
+                # to check that we handle both cases correctly
+                stdout = Mock()
+                stdout.closed = False
+                stdout.isatty.return_value = False
+                stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+                sys.stdout = stdout
+
+                stderr = Mock()
+                stderr.closed = False
+                stderr.isatty.return_value = True
+                stderr.fileno.return_value = 2
+                sys.stderr = stderr
+
+            for native_ansi in [False, True]:
+                with patch(
+                    'colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing',
+                    lambda *_: native_ansi
+                ):
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # Regular single-call test
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    if native_ansi:
+                        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    # second call without resetting is always a no-op
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # If init() runs first, just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+                    init()
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stdout, sys.stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stderr, sys.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f84e4befe550d4386d24264648abf1323e682ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper, AnsiToWin32
+from .utils import pycharm, replace_by, replace_original_by, StreamTTY, StreamNonTTY
+
+
+def is_a_tty(stream):
+    return StreamWrapper(stream, None).isatty()
+
+class IsattyTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_TTY(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_nonTTY(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharm(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stderr))
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stdout))
+
+    def test_withPycharmTTYOverride(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(tty):
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNonTTYOverride(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(non_tty):
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNoneOverride(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            with replace_by(None), replace_original_by(None):
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(None))
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(StreamNonTTY()))
+                self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(StreamTTY()))
+
+    def test_withPycharmStreamWrapped(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(StreamTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertFalse(AnsiToWin32(StreamNonTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream.isatty())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..472fafb4403efb9673d5cc724dafd9cf764aac5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import StringIO
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+class StreamTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return True
+
+class StreamNonTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return False
+
+@contextmanager
+def osname(name):
+    orig = os.name
+    os.name = name
+    yield
+    os.name = orig
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+    sys.stdout = stream
+    sys.stderr = stream
+    yield
+    sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_original_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.__stdout__
+    orig_stderr = sys.__stderr__
+    sys.__stdout__ = stream
+    sys.__stderr__ = stream
+    yield
+    sys.__stdout__ = orig_stdout
+    sys.__stderr__ = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def pycharm():
+    os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"] = "1"
+    non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+    with replace_by(non_tty), replace_original_by(non_tty):
+        yield
+    del os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0955f9e608377940f0d548576964f2fcf3caf48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import Mock, patch
+
+from ..winterm import WinColor, WinStyle, WinTerm
+
+
+class WinTermTest(TestCase):
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testInit(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 7 + 6 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testGetAttrs(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term._fore = 0
+        term._back = 0
+        term._style = 0
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), 0)
+
+        term._fore = WinColor.YELLOW
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), WinColor.YELLOW)
+
+        term._back = WinColor.MAGENTA
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16)
+
+        term._style = WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16 + WinStyle.BRIGHT)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testResetAll(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 1 + 2 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = -1
+        term._back = -1
+        term._style = -1
+
+        term.reset_all()
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testFore(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = 0
+
+        term.fore(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testBack(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._back = 0
+
+        term.back(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testStyle(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._style = 0
+
+        term.style(22)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 22)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsole(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDOUT, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsoleOnStderr(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console(on_stderr=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDERR, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..291919c0b6f41d014767f6c877af9f7595fcff99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Bernát Gábor and contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b737bcee9d257307ed31865e43023b967b116ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock on :class:`~filelock.SoftFileLock` primitives."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._async import AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy, AsyncSoftReadWriteLock
+from ._sync import SoftReadWriteLock
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncSoftReadWriteLock",
+    "SoftReadWriteLock",
+]
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b5ae2ef9ba16988f9b6c49312d008ab995d7e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+"""Async wrapper around :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for use with ``asyncio``."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from ._sync import SoftReadWriteLock
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import os
+    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
+    from concurrent import futures
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+
+class AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+    """Async context-aware object that releases an :class:`AsyncSoftReadWriteLock` on exit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: AsyncSoftReadWriteLock) -> None:
+        self.lock = lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncSoftReadWriteLock:
+        return self.lock
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.lock.release()
+
+
+class AsyncSoftReadWriteLock:
+    """
+    Async wrapper around :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for ``asyncio`` applications.
+
+    The sync class's blocking filesystem operations run on a thread pool via ``loop.run_in_executor()``.
+    Reentrancy, upgrade/downgrade rules, fork handling, heartbeat and TTL stale detection, and singleton
+    behavior are delegated to the underlying :class:`SoftReadWriteLock`.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately on contention
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` instances per resolved path
+    :param heartbeat_interval: seconds between heartbeat refreshes; default 30 s
+    :param stale_threshold: seconds of mtime inactivity before a marker is stale; defaults to ``3 * heartbeat_interval``
+    :param poll_interval: seconds between acquire retries under contention; default 0.25 s
+    :param loop: event loop for ``run_in_executor``; ``None`` uses the running loop
+    :param executor: executor for ``run_in_executor``; ``None`` uses the default executor
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.27.0
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        executor: futures.Executor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock = SoftReadWriteLock(
+            lock_file,
+            timeout,
+            blocking=blocking,
+            is_singleton=is_singleton,
+            heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+            stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+            poll_interval=poll_interval,
+        )
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._executor = executor
+
+    @property
+    def lock_file(self) -> str:
+        """:returns: the path to the lock file passed to the constructor."""
+        return self._lock.lock_file
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> float:
+        """:returns: the default timeout applied when ``acquire_read`` / ``acquire_write`` is called without one."""
+        return self._lock.timeout
+
+    @property
+    def blocking(self) -> bool:
+        """:returns: whether ``acquire_*`` defaults to blocking; ``False`` makes contention raise immediately."""
+        return self._lock.blocking
+
+    @property
+    def loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None:
+        """:returns: the event loop used for ``run_in_executor``, or ``None`` for the running loop."""
+        return self._loop
+
+    @property
+    def executor(self) -> futures.Executor | None:
+        """:returns: the executor used for ``run_in_executor``, or ``None`` for the default executor."""
+        return self._executor
+
+    async def acquire_read(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        See :meth:`SoftReadWriteLock.acquire_read` for the full reentrancy / upgrade / fork semantics. The blocking
+        work runs inside ``run_in_executor`` so other coroutines on the same loop continue to progress while this
+        call waits.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy usable as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held, if this instance was invalidated by
+            :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_read, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def acquire_write(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        See :meth:`SoftReadWriteLock.acquire_write` for the two-phase writer-preferring semantics. The blocking
+        work runs inside ``run_in_executor``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy usable as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, if a write lock is held by a different thread, if
+            this instance was invalidated by :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_write, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.release, force=force)
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """Release any held lock and release the underlying filesystem resources. Idempotent."""
+        await self._run(self._lock.close)
+
+    async def _run(self, func: Callable[..., object], *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object:
+        loop = self._loop or asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        return await loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs))
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncSoftReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06d0c9d25524857036a129f406ae2f91785c1bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,847 @@
+"""Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock built on :class:`SoftFileLock` primitives."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import atexit
+import hmac
+import os
+import re
+import secrets
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import uuid
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+from filelock._api import AcquireReturnProxy
+from filelock._error import Timeout
+from filelock._soft import SoftFileLock
+from filelock._util import ensure_directory_exists
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+
+
+_Mode = Literal["read", "write"]
+_BREAK_SUFFIX = ".break"
+_MAX_MARKER_SIZE = 1024
+_O_NOFOLLOW = getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", 0)
+# dirfd-relative I/O is a Unix-only optimization; Windows cannot ``os.open()`` a directory at all, and
+# its ``os`` module skips dir_fd support entirely. When disabled, callers fall back to full-path ops.
+_SUPPORTS_DIR_FD = sys.platform != "win32" and os.open in os.supports_dir_fd
+
+_all_instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock] = WeakValueDictionary()
+_all_instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+_atexit_registered = False
+_fork_registered = False
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _Paths:
+    state: str
+    write: str
+    readers: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Locks:
+    internal: threading.Lock
+    transaction: threading.Lock
+    state: SoftFileLock
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _MarkerInfo:
+    token: str
+    pid: int
+    hostname: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Hold:
+    """Everything that exists only while a lock is held; ``None`` when the instance has no lock."""
+
+    level: int
+    mode: _Mode
+    write_thread_id: int | None
+    marker_name: str
+    is_reader: bool
+    token: str
+    heartbeat_thread: _HeartbeatThread
+    heartbeat_stop: threading.Event
+
+
+class _SoftRWMeta(type):
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock]
+    _instances_lock: threading.Lock
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        cls,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+    ) -> SoftReadWriteLock:
+        if not is_singleton:
+            return super().__call__(
+                lock_file,
+                timeout,
+                blocking=blocking,
+                is_singleton=is_singleton,
+                heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+                stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+                poll_interval=poll_interval,
+            )
+
+        normalized = Path(lock_file).resolve()
+        with cls._instances_lock:
+            instance = cls._instances.get(normalized)
+            if instance is None:
+                instance = super().__call__(
+                    lock_file,
+                    timeout,
+                    blocking=blocking,
+                    is_singleton=is_singleton,
+                    heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+                    stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                )
+                cls._instances[normalized] = instance
+            elif instance.timeout != timeout or instance.blocking != blocking:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Singleton lock created with timeout={instance.timeout}, blocking={instance.blocking},"
+                    f" cannot be changed to timeout={timeout}, blocking={blocking}"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return instance
+
+
+class SoftReadWriteLock(metaclass=_SoftRWMeta):
+    """
+    Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock built on :class:`SoftFileLock` primitives.
+
+    Use this class instead of :class:`~filelock.ReadWriteLock` when the lock file lives on a network
+    filesystem (NFS, Lustre with ``-o flock``, HPC cluster shared storage). ``ReadWriteLock`` is backed
+    by SQLite and cannot run on NFS because SQLite's ``fcntl`` locking is unreliable there.
+
+    Layout on disk for a lock at ``foo.lock``:
+
+    - ``foo.lock.state`` — a :class:`SoftFileLock` taken only during state transitions (microseconds).
+    - ``foo.lock.write`` — writer marker; its presence means a writer is claiming or holding the lock.
+    - ``foo.lock.readers/<host>.<pid>.<uuid>`` — one file per reader.
+
+    Each marker stores a random token (``secrets.token_hex(16)``), the holder's pid, and the holder's
+    hostname. A daemon heartbeat thread refreshes ``mtime`` on every held marker. A marker whose mtime
+    has not advanced in ``stale_threshold`` seconds may be evicted by any process on any host, giving
+    correct behavior when a compute node crashes with a lock held.
+
+    Writer acquire is two-phase and writer-preferring: phase 1 claims ``.write`` (blocking any new
+    reader), phase 2 waits for existing readers to drain. Writer starvation is impossible.
+
+    Reentrancy, upgrade/downgrade rules, thread pinning, and singleton caching by resolved path match
+    :class:`~filelock.ReadWriteLock`.
+
+    Forking while holding a lock invalidates the inherited instance in the child so the child cannot
+    double-own the lock with its parent; ``release()`` on a fork-invalidated instance is a no-op, and
+    the child must re-acquire if it needs a lock.
+
+    Trust boundary: protects against same-UID non-cooperating processes (one host or cross-host) and
+    same-host different-UID users via ``0o600`` / ``0o700`` permissions. Does not protect against root
+    compromise, NTP tampering on same-UID cross-host nodes, or multi-tenant mounts where hostile
+    co-tenants share the UID.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately on contention
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing instances for the same resolved path
+    :param heartbeat_interval: seconds between heartbeat refreshes; default 30 s
+    :param stale_threshold: seconds of ``mtime`` inactivity before a marker is stale; defaults to
+        ``3 * heartbeat_interval``, matching etcd's ``LeaseKeepAlive`` convention
+    :param poll_interval: seconds between acquire retries under contention; default 0.25 s
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.27.0
+
+    """
+
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock] = WeakValueDictionary()
+    _instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,  # noqa: ARG002
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+    ) -> None:
+        if heartbeat_interval <= 0:
+            msg = f"heartbeat_interval must be positive, got {heartbeat_interval}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if stale_threshold is None:
+            stale_threshold = heartbeat_interval * 3
+        if stale_threshold <= heartbeat_interval:
+            msg = f"stale_threshold must exceed heartbeat_interval ({stale_threshold} <= {heartbeat_interval})"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if poll_interval <= 0:
+            msg = f"poll_interval must be positive, got {poll_interval}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        self.lock_file: str = os.fspath(lock_file)
+        self.timeout: float = timeout
+        self.blocking: bool = blocking
+        self.heartbeat_interval: float = heartbeat_interval
+        self.stale_threshold: float = stale_threshold
+        self.poll_interval: float = poll_interval
+
+        self._paths = _Paths(
+            state=f"{self.lock_file}.state",
+            write=f"{self.lock_file}.write",
+            readers=f"{self.lock_file}.readers",
+        )
+        ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)
+        self._locks = _Locks(
+            internal=threading.Lock(),
+            transaction=threading.Lock(),
+            state=SoftFileLock(self._paths.state, timeout=-1),
+        )
+        self._readers_dir_fd: int | None = None
+        self._hold: _Hold | None = None
+        self._fork_invalidated: bool = False
+        self._closed: bool = False
+
+        with _all_instances_lock:
+            _all_instances[Path(self.lock_file).resolve()] = self
+            _register_hooks()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    def acquire_read(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a read lock, the lock level is incremented (reentrant). Attempting to acquire a
+        read lock while holding a write lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (downgrade not allowed). On the 0→1
+        transition a daemon heartbeat thread is started that refreshes the reader marker's ``mtime`` every
+        ``heartbeat_interval`` seconds so peers on other hosts do not evict the marker as stale.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default; ``-1`` means block
+            indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable;
+            ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance, if this instance was invalidated by
+            :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("read", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def acquire_write(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a write lock from the same thread, the lock level is incremented (reentrant).
+        Attempting to acquire a write lock while holding a read lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (upgrade not
+        allowed). Write locks are pinned to the acquiring thread: a different thread trying to re-enter also raises
+        :class:`RuntimeError`.
+
+        Writer acquisition runs in two phases. Phase 1 atomically claims ``<path>.write`` via ``O_CREAT | O_EXCL``,
+        which immediately blocks any new reader on any host. Phase 2 waits for existing readers to drain. Writer
+        starvation is impossible: new readers see ``<path>.write`` during phase 2 and wait behind the pending writer.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default; ``-1`` means block
+            indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable;
+            ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, if a write lock is held by a different thread, if this
+            instance was invalidated by :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("write", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release any held lock and release internal filesystem resources.
+
+        Idempotent. After calling this method the instance can no longer acquire locks — subsequent acquires raise
+        :class:`RuntimeError`. A fork-invalidated instance is closed without raising.
+        """
+        self.release(force=True)
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._closed:
+                return
+            self._closed = True
+            if self._readers_dir_fd is not None:
+                with suppress(OSError):
+                    os.close(self._readers_dir_fd)
+                self._readers_dir_fd = None
+
+    def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        When the lock level reaches zero the heartbeat thread is stopped and the held marker file is unlinked. On a
+        fork-invalidated instance (that is, the child of a :func:`os.fork` call made while the parent held a lock)
+        this method is a no-op so inherited ``with`` blocks can unwind cleanly in the child.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._fork_invalidated:
+                # Inherited state from the parent is meaningless in the child; clear any counters and return.
+                self._hold = None
+                return
+            hold = self._hold
+            if hold is None:
+                if force:
+                    return
+                msg = f"Cannot release a lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) that is not held"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if force:
+                hold.level = 0
+            else:
+                hold.level -= 1
+            if hold.level > 0:
+                return
+            self._hold = None
+
+        # Order matters: signal → join → unlink. A late tick on a deleted marker is harmless, and the
+        # token check in the heartbeat callback would catch any re-acquisition race, but joining first
+        # removes even that theoretical race.
+        hold.heartbeat_stop.set()
+        hold.heartbeat_thread.join(timeout=self.heartbeat_interval + 1.0)
+        if hold.is_reader:
+            _unlink(hold.marker_name, dir_fd=self._readers_dir_fd)
+        else:
+            _unlink(hold.marker_name)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_lock(
+        cls,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+    ) -> SoftReadWriteLock:
+        """
+        Return the singleton :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for *lock_file*.
+
+        :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: the singleton lock instance
+
+        :raises ValueError: if an instance already exists for this path with different *timeout* or *blocking* values
+
+        """
+        return cls(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def _acquire(
+        self,
+        mode: _Mode,
+        timeout: float | None,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool | None,
+    ) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        effective_timeout = self.timeout if timeout is None else timeout
+        effective_blocking = self.blocking if blocking is None else blocking
+
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._fork_invalidated:
+                msg = f"SoftReadWriteLock on {self.lock_file} was invalidated by fork(); construct a new instance"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if self._closed:
+                msg = f"SoftReadWriteLock on {self.lock_file} has been closed"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if self._hold is not None:
+                return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        if not effective_blocking:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=False)
+        elif effective_timeout == -1:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=True)
+        else:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=True, timeout=effective_timeout)
+        if not acquired:
+            raise Timeout(self.lock_file) from None
+        try:
+            with self._locks.internal:
+                if self._hold is not None:
+                    return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+
+            deadline = None if effective_timeout == -1 else start + effective_timeout
+            token = secrets.token_hex(16)
+            if mode == "write":
+                marker_name, is_reader = self._acquire_writer_slot(
+                    token, deadline=deadline, blocking=effective_blocking
+                )
+            else:
+                marker_name, is_reader = self._acquire_reader_slot(
+                    token, deadline=deadline, blocking=effective_blocking
+                )
+
+            stop_event = threading.Event()
+            heartbeat = _HeartbeatThread(
+                refresh=self._refresh_marker,
+                interval=self.heartbeat_interval,
+                stop_event=stop_event,
+                name=f"filelock-heartbeat-{id(self):x}",
+            )
+
+            with self._locks.internal:
+                self._hold = _Hold(
+                    level=1,
+                    mode=mode,
+                    write_thread_id=threading.get_ident() if mode == "write" else None,
+                    marker_name=marker_name,
+                    is_reader=is_reader,
+                    token=token,
+                    heartbeat_thread=heartbeat,
+                    heartbeat_stop=stop_event,
+                )
+
+            heartbeat.start()
+            return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+        finally:
+            self._locks.transaction.release()
+
+    def _validate_reentrant(self, mode: _Mode) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        hold = self._hold
+        assert hold is not None  # noqa: S101
+        if hold.mode != mode:
+            opposite = "write" if mode == "read" else "read"
+            direction = "downgrade" if mode == "read" else "upgrade"
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire {mode} lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}): "
+                f"already holding a {opposite} lock ({direction} not allowed)"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        if mode == "write" and (cur := threading.get_ident()) != hold.write_thread_id:
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire write lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) "
+                f"from thread {cur} while it is held by thread {hold.write_thread_id}"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        hold.level += 1
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def _acquire_writer_slot(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+        # Phase 2 scans readers/ via dirfd (where supported), so we need it open even though writers never
+        # create files inside.
+        self._open_readers_dir()
+
+        def try_claim_writer() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                _break_stale_marker(self._paths.write, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=time.time())
+                if _file_exists(self._paths.write):
+                    return False
+                try:
+                    _atomic_create_marker(self._paths.write, token)
+                except FileExistsError:
+                    return False
+            return True
+
+        def readers_drained_touching() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                # Refresh our writer marker on every scan iteration. Otherwise phase 2 can exceed
+                # ``stale_threshold`` under contention and a peer would treat us as stale and evict us.
+                with suppress(OSError):
+                    _touch(self._paths.write)
+                self._break_stale_readers(time.time())
+                return not self._any_readers()
+
+        self._wait_for(try_claim_writer, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            self._wait_for(readers_drained_touching, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        except Timeout:
+            # Give up our writer claim so readers can make progress again.
+            _unlink(self._paths.write)
+            raise
+        return self._paths.write, False
+
+    def _acquire_reader_slot(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+        self._open_readers_dir()
+        reader_name = f"{uuid.uuid4().hex}.{os.getpid()}"
+        dir_fd = self._readers_dir_fd
+        full_reader_path = str(Path(self._paths.readers) / reader_name)
+
+        def try_claim_reader() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                _break_stale_marker(self._paths.write, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=time.time())
+                if _file_exists(self._paths.write):
+                    return False
+                if dir_fd is not None:
+                    _atomic_create_marker(reader_name, token, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+                else:  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    _atomic_create_marker(full_reader_path, token)
+                return True
+
+        self._wait_for(try_claim_reader, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        return (reader_name if dir_fd is not None else full_reader_path), True
+
+    def _wait_for(
+        self,
+        predicate: Callable[[], bool],
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        while True:
+            if predicate():
+                return
+            now = time.perf_counter()
+            if not blocking:
+                raise Timeout(self.lock_file)
+            if deadline is not None and now >= deadline:
+                raise Timeout(self.lock_file)
+            sleep_for = self.poll_interval
+            if deadline is not None:
+                sleep_for = min(sleep_for, max(deadline - now, 0.0))
+            time.sleep(sleep_for)
+
+    def _open_readers_dir(self) -> None:
+        readers_path = Path(self._paths.readers)
+        with suppress(FileExistsError):
+            readers_path.mkdir(mode=0o700)
+        # mkdir has no O_NOFOLLOW, so verify via lstat that we did not land on an attacker-placed symlink
+        # or a regular file before we open or scan inside.
+        st = os.lstat(self._paths.readers)
+        if stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) or not stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+            msg = f"{self._paths.readers} exists but is not a directory or is a symlink; refusing to use it"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        if self._readers_dir_fd is None and _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD:
+            flags = os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_DIRECTORY", 0) | _O_NOFOLLOW
+            self._readers_dir_fd = os.open(self._paths.readers, flags)
+
+    def _any_readers(self) -> bool:
+        for _ in self._iter_reader_entries():
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _iter_reader_entries(self) -> Generator[tuple[str, bool]]:
+        """
+        Yield ``(name, dirfd_relative)`` pairs for every live reader marker.
+
+        ``dirfd_relative`` is ``True`` when *name* should be passed to ``dir_fd=``-aware syscalls; ``False``
+        when *name* is a full path because dirfd-relative I/O is unavailable on this platform.
+        """
+        if self._readers_dir_fd is not None:
+            with os.scandir(self._readers_dir_fd) as it:
+                for entry in it:
+                    if not _is_housekeeping_name(entry.name):
+                        yield entry.name, True
+            return
+        readers_path = Path(self._paths.readers)  # pragma: win32 cover
+        with os.scandir(readers_path) as it:  # pragma: win32 cover
+            for entry in it:  # pragma: win32 cover
+                if not _is_housekeeping_name(entry.name):  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    yield str(readers_path / entry.name), False  # pragma: win32 cover
+
+    def _break_stale_readers(self, now: float) -> None:
+        names: list[tuple[str, int | None]] = []
+        try:
+            for name, dirfd_relative in self._iter_reader_entries():
+                names.append((name, self._readers_dir_fd if dirfd_relative else None))
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - transient NFS scandir hiccup
+            return
+        for name, fd in names:
+            _break_stale_marker(name, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=now, dir_fd=fd)
+
+    def _refresh_marker(self) -> bool:
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            hold = self._hold
+            if hold is None:  # pragma: no cover - race between stop_event.set and join
+                return False
+            marker_name = hold.marker_name
+            token = hold.token
+            dir_fd = self._readers_dir_fd if hold.is_reader else None
+
+        read_result = _read_marker(marker_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        if read_result is None:
+            return False
+        info, _mtime = read_result
+        # Token mismatch means another process already evicted our marker and created its own; stop the
+        # thread so it does not touch a stranger's file.
+        if info is None or not hmac.compare_digest(info.token, token):
+            return False
+        try:
+            _touch(marker_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        except FileNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover - race between successful read and touch
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _reset_after_fork_in_child(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - fork child not tracked
+        # Replace every lock this instance owns with a fresh one; the inherited locks may still be held
+        # by threads that no longer exist in the child. The readers dirfd and the SoftFileLock state
+        # mutex both get dropped for the same reason — the child re-creates them on its next acquire.
+        self._locks = _Locks(
+            internal=threading.Lock(),
+            transaction=threading.Lock(),
+            state=SoftFileLock(self._paths.state, timeout=-1),
+        )
+        self._hold = None
+        self._readers_dir_fd = None
+        self._fork_invalidated = True
+
+
+class _HeartbeatThread(threading.Thread):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        refresh: Callable[[], bool],
+        interval: float,
+        stop_event: threading.Event,
+        name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name=name, daemon=True)
+        self._refresh = refresh
+        self._interval = interval
+        self._stop_event = stop_event
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._stop_event.wait(self._interval):
+            if not self._refresh():
+                self._stop_event.set()
+                return
+
+
+def _atomic_create_marker(name: str, token: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    # O_NOFOLLOW blocks the symlink-overwrite attack where an attacker pre-creates the marker path as a
+    # symlink pointing at a victim file. Mode 0o600 keeps the token unreadable to other users.
+    flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_WRONLY | _O_NOFOLLOW
+    if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+        fd = os.open(name, flags, 0o600, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    else:
+        fd = os.open(name, flags, 0o600)
+    try:
+        content = f"{token}\n{os.getpid()}\n{socket.gethostname()}\n".encode("ascii")
+        os.write(fd, content)
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+
+
+def _read_marker(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> tuple[_MarkerInfo | None, float] | None:
+    # O_NOFOLLOW is defense in depth: we already created this file, but a hostile replacement by symlink
+    # between create and read would be caught here.
+    flags = os.O_RDONLY | _O_NOFOLLOW
+    try:
+        fd = os.open(name, flags, dir_fd=dir_fd) if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None else os.open(name, flags)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+    try:
+        try:
+            st = os.fstat(fd)
+            data = os.read(fd, _MAX_MARKER_SIZE + 1)
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - fstat/read after a successful open is hard to provoke
+            return None
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+    return _parse_marker_bytes(data), st.st_mtime
+
+
+def _parse_marker_bytes(data: bytes) -> _MarkerInfo | None:
+    # Trust nothing about attacker-controlled markers; any deviation returns None so callers fall through
+    # to stale cleanup. ``re.match`` caches compiled patterns internally, so the regex is built only once
+    # despite being defined inline.
+    if not data or len(data) > _MAX_MARKER_SIZE:
+        return None
+    try:
+        text = data.decode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return None
+    match = re.match(
+        r"""
+        \A                                  # start of string
+        (?P<token>    [0-9a-f]{32}     ) \n # 128-bit hex token
+        (?P<pid>      [1-9][0-9]{0,9}  ) \n # decimal pid: no leading zero, ≤ 10 digits
+        (?P<hostname> [\x21-\x7e]{1,253})   # printable non-whitespace ASCII (RFC 1123 hostname limit)
+        \n*                                 # tolerate sloppy writers that append extra newlines
+        \Z                                  # end of string
+        """,
+        text,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        return None
+    pid = int(match["pid"], 10)
+    if pid > 2**31 - 1:
+        return None
+    return _MarkerInfo(token=match["token"], pid=pid, hostname=match["hostname"])
+
+
+def _break_stale_marker(  # noqa: PLR0911
+    name: str,
+    *,
+    stale_threshold: float,
+    now: float,
+    dir_fd: int | None = None,
+) -> bool:
+    # Atomic break pattern: read → rename to unique break-name → re-verify → unlink. The rename gives us a
+    # private name nobody else can touch; if the re-verify sees a newer mtime or a different token, the
+    # legitimate holder's heartbeat fired between read and rename and we must abort (leaving the .break.*
+    # file behind rather than rollback-renaming, because rollback is itself racy).
+    read_result = _read_marker(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    if read_result is None:
+        return False
+    info_before, mtime_before = read_result
+    if now - mtime_before <= stale_threshold:
+        return False
+    if info_before is None:
+        _unlink(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        return True
+
+    break_name = f"{name}{_BREAK_SUFFIX}.{os.getpid()}.{secrets.token_hex(16)}"
+    try:
+        if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+            os.rename(name, break_name, src_dir_fd=dir_fd, dst_dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        else:
+            Path(name).rename(break_name)
+    except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - race where the marker vanishes between read and rename
+        return False
+
+    read_after = _read_marker(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    if read_after is None:  # pragma: no cover - race where a peer unlinks the break-name file
+        return False
+    info_after, mtime_after = read_after
+    if info_after is None:  # pragma: no cover - content replaced post-rename by a racing peer
+        _unlink(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        return True
+    if not hmac.compare_digest(info_before.token, info_after.token):  # pragma: no cover - race only
+        return False
+    if mtime_after > mtime_before:  # pragma: no cover - heartbeat raced our rename
+        return False
+    _unlink(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    return True
+
+
+def _unlink(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+        if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+            # Path.unlink has no dir_fd support, so we stay on os.unlink for the dirfd path.
+            os.unlink(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        else:
+            Path(name).unlink()
+
+
+def _touch(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+        os.utime(name, None, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    else:
+        os.utime(name, None)
+
+
+def _file_exists(path: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        st = os.lstat(path)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    return stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
+
+
+def _is_housekeeping_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return name.startswith(".") or _BREAK_SUFFIX in name
+
+
+def _reset_all_after_fork() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - fork child, not tracked by coverage
+    global _all_instances_lock  # noqa: PLW0603
+    # User-created threading locks do not auto-reset across fork: any lock held by a parent thread stays
+    # locked in the child with no owner to release it. Replace the module-level lock and every instance's
+    # locks with fresh ones; the child is single-threaded at this point so no synchronization is needed.
+    _all_instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+    for instance in list(_all_instances.values()):
+        instance._reset_after_fork_in_child()  # noqa: SLF001
+
+
+def _cleanup_all_instances() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - runs from atexit at interpreter shutdown
+    for instance in list(_all_instances.values()):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            instance.release(force=True)
+
+
+def _register_hooks() -> None:
+    global _atexit_registered, _fork_registered  # noqa: PLW0603
+    if not _atexit_registered:
+        atexit.register(_cleanup_all_instances)
+        _atexit_registered = True
+    # after_in_child replaces inherited state so the child cannot double-own any lock the parent held.
+    if not _fork_registered and hasattr(os, "register_at_fork"):
+        os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=_reset_all_after_fork)
+        _fork_registered = True
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SoftReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.4.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.4.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67590a5e5be5a5a2dde3fe53a7512e404a896c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.4.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018, Martin Durant
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-313.pyc b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-313.pyc
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/arrow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import secrets
+import shutil
+from contextlib import suppress
+from functools import cached_property, wraps
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs
+
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    get_package_version_without_import,
+    infer_storage_options,
+    mirror_from,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(func):
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OSError as exception:
+            if not exception.args:
+                raise
+
+            message, *args = exception.args
+            if isinstance(message, str) and "does not exist" in message:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, message) from exception
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+PYARROW_VERSION = None
+
+
+class ArrowFSWrapper(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """FSSpec-compatible wrapper of pyarrow.fs.FileSystem.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fs : pyarrow.fs.FileSystem
+
+    """
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, **kwargs):
+        global PYARROW_VERSION
+        PYARROW_VERSION = get_package_version_without_import("pyarrow")
+        self.fs = fs
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self):
+        return self.fs.type_name
+
+    @cached_property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "hdfs_" + tokenize(self.fs.host, self.fs.port)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        ops = infer_storage_options(path)
+        path = ops["path"]
+        if path.startswith("//"):
+            # special case for "hdfs://path" (without the triple slash)
+            path = path[1:]
+        return path
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        from pyarrow.fs import FileSelector
+
+        try:
+            entries = [
+                self._make_entry(entry)
+                for entry in self.fs.get_file_info(FileSelector(path))
+            ]
+        except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+            entries = [self.info(path, **kwargs)]
+        if detail:
+            return entries
+        else:
+            return [entry["name"] for entry in entries]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        [info] = self.fs.get_file_info([path])
+        return self._make_entry(info)
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            self.info(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def _make_entry(self, info):
+        from pyarrow.fs import FileType
+
+        if info.type is FileType.Directory:
+            kind = "directory"
+        elif info.type is FileType.File:
+            kind = "file"
+        elif info.type is FileType.NotFound:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, os.strerror(errno.ENOENT), info.path)
+        else:
+            kind = "other"
+
+        return {
+            "name": info.path,
+            "size": info.size,
+            "type": kind,
+            "mtime": info.mtime,
+        }
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1).rstrip("/")
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2).rstrip("/")
+
+        with self._open(path1, "rb") as lstream:
+            tmp_fname = f"{path2}.tmp.{secrets.token_hex(6)}"
+            try:
+                with self.open(tmp_fname, "wb") as rstream:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(lstream, rstream)
+                self.fs.move(tmp_fname, path2)
+            except BaseException:
+                with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    self.fs.delete_file(tmp_fname)
+                raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1).rstrip("/")
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2).rstrip("/")
+        self.fs.move(path1, path2)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.delete_file(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path).rstrip("/")
+        if self.isdir(path):
+            if recursive:
+                self.fs.delete_dir(path)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Can't delete directories without recursive=False")
+        else:
+            self.fs.delete_file(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, seekable=True, **kwargs):
+        if mode == "rb":
+            if seekable:
+                method = self.fs.open_input_file
+            else:
+                method = self.fs.open_input_stream
+        elif mode == "wb":
+            method = self.fs.open_output_stream
+        elif mode == "ab":
+            method = self.fs.open_append_stream
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported mode for Arrow filesystem: {mode!r}")
+
+        _kwargs = {}
+        if mode != "rb" or not seekable:
+            if int(PYARROW_VERSION.split(".")[0]) >= 4:
+                # disable compression auto-detection
+                _kwargs["compression"] = None
+        stream = method(path, **_kwargs)
+
+        return ArrowFile(self, stream, path, mode, block_size, **kwargs)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            self.fs.create_dir(path, recursive=False)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.create_dir(path, recursive=True)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.delete_dir(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def modified(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return self.fs.get_file_info(path).mtime
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("seekable", start not in [None, 0])
+        return super().cat_file(path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("seekable", False)
+        super().get_file(rpath, lpath, **kwargs)
+
+
+@mirror_from(
+    "stream",
+    [
+        "read",
+        "seek",
+        "tell",
+        "write",
+        "readable",
+        "writable",
+        "close",
+        "seekable",
+    ],
+)
+class ArrowFile(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(self, fs, stream, path, mode, block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.stream = stream
+
+        self.blocksize = self.block_size = block_size
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        if self.stream.seekable():
+            return self.stream.size()
+        return None
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        return self.close()
+
+
+class HadoopFileSystem(ArrowFSWrapper):
+    """A wrapper on top of the pyarrow.fs.HadoopFileSystem
+    to connect it's interface with fsspec"""
+
+    protocol = "hdfs"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host="default",
+        port=0,
+        user=None,
+        kerb_ticket=None,
+        replication=3,
+        extra_conf=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Hostname, IP or "default" to try to read from Hadoop config
+        port: int
+            Port to connect on, or default from Hadoop config if 0
+        user: str or None
+            If given, connect as this username
+        kerb_ticket: str or None
+            If given, use this ticket for authentication
+        replication: int
+            set replication factor of file for write operations. default value is 3.
+        extra_conf: None or dict
+            Passed on to HadoopFileSystem
+        """
+        from pyarrow.fs import HadoopFileSystem
+
+        fs = HadoopFileSystem(
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            user=user,
+            kerb_ticket=kerb_ticket,
+            replication=replication,
+            extra_conf=extra_conf,
+        )
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        ops = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out = {}
+        if ops.get("host", None):
+            out["host"] = ops["host"]
+        if ops.get("username", None):
+            out["user"] = ops["username"]
+        if ops.get("port", None):
+            out["port"] = ops["port"]
+        if ops.get("url_query", None):
+            queries = parse_qs(ops["url_query"])
+            if queries.get("replication", None):
+                out["replication"] = int(queries["replication"][0])
+        return out
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91db5eb48d00e36b46d9deb49504a7d2ad76d690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import inspect
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem, running_async
+
+from .chained import ChainedFileSystem
+
+
+def async_wrapper(func, obj=None, semaphore=None):
+    """
+    Wraps a synchronous function to make it awaitable.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : callable
+        The synchronous function to wrap.
+    obj : object, optional
+        The instance to bind the function to, if applicable.
+    semaphore : asyncio.Semaphore, optional
+        A semaphore to limit concurrent calls.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coroutine
+        An awaitable version of the function.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        if semaphore:
+            async with semaphore:
+                return await asyncio.to_thread(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return await asyncio.to_thread(func, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class AsyncFileSystemWrapper(AsyncFileSystem, ChainedFileSystem):
+    """
+    A wrapper class to convert a synchronous filesystem into an asynchronous one.
+
+    This class takes an existing synchronous filesystem implementation and wraps all
+    its methods to provide an asynchronous interface.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sync_fs : AbstractFileSystem
+        The synchronous filesystem instance to wrap.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "asyncwrapper", "async_wrapper"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs=None,
+        asynchronous=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        semaphore=None,
+        max_concurrent_tasks=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if asynchronous is None:
+            asynchronous = running_async()
+        super().__init__(asynchronous=asynchronous, **kwargs)
+        if fs is not None:
+            self.sync_fs = fs
+        else:
+            self.sync_fs = fsspec.filesystem(target_protocol, **target_options)
+        self.protocol = self.sync_fs.protocol
+        self.semaphore = semaphore
+        self._wrap_all_sync_methods()
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return f"async_{self.sync_fs.fsid}"
+
+    def _wrap_all_sync_methods(self):
+        """
+        Wrap all synchronous methods of the underlying filesystem with asynchronous versions.
+        """
+        excluded_methods = {"open"}
+        for method_name in dir(self.sync_fs):
+            if method_name.startswith("_") or method_name in excluded_methods:
+                continue
+
+            attr = inspect.getattr_static(self.sync_fs, method_name)
+            if isinstance(attr, property):
+                continue
+
+            method = getattr(self.sync_fs, method_name)
+            if callable(method) and not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(method):
+                async_method = async_wrapper(method, obj=self, semaphore=self.semaphore)
+                setattr(self, f"_{method_name}", async_method)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def wrap_class(cls, sync_fs_class):
+        """
+        Create a new class that can be used to instantiate an AsyncFileSystemWrapper
+        with lazy instantiation of the underlying synchronous filesystem.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sync_fs_class : type
+            The class of the synchronous filesystem to wrap.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        type
+            A new class that wraps the provided synchronous filesystem class.
+        """
+
+        class GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper(cls):
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                sync_fs = sync_fs_class(*args, **kwargs)
+                super().__init__(sync_fs)
+
+        GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper.__name__ = (
+            f"Async{sync_fs_class.__name__}Wrapper"
+        )
+        return GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e7c7d88afdddf12f77b26bb635bd8bf1e2bd7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import hashlib
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import make_path_posix
+
+
+class AbstractCacheMapper(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract super-class for mappers from remote URLs to local cached
+    basenames.
+    """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        # Identity only depends on class. When derived classes have attributes
+        # they will need to be included.
+        return isinstance(other, type(self))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # Identity only depends on class. When derived classes have attributes
+        # they will need to be included.
+        return hash(type(self))
+
+
+class BasenameCacheMapper(AbstractCacheMapper):
+    """Cache mapper that uses the basename of the remote URL and a fixed number
+    of directory levels above this.
+
+    The default is zero directory levels, meaning different paths with the same
+    basename will have the same cached basename.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, directory_levels: int = 0):
+        if directory_levels < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "BasenameCacheMapper requires zero or positive directory_levels"
+            )
+        self.directory_levels = directory_levels
+
+        # Separator for directories when encoded as strings.
+        self._separator = "_@_"
+
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str:
+        path = make_path_posix(path)
+        prefix, *bits = path.rsplit("/", self.directory_levels + 1)
+        if bits:
+            return self._separator.join(bits)
+        else:
+            return prefix  # No separator found, simple filename
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return super().__eq__(other) and self.directory_levels == other.directory_levels
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return super().__hash__() ^ hash(self.directory_levels)
+
+
+class HashCacheMapper(AbstractCacheMapper):
+    """Cache mapper that uses a hash of the remote URL."""
+
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str:
+        return hashlib.sha256(path.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def create_cache_mapper(same_names: bool) -> AbstractCacheMapper:
+    """Factory method to create cache mapper for backward compatibility with
+    ``CachingFileSystem`` constructor using ``same_names`` kwarg.
+    """
+    if same_names:
+        return BasenameCacheMapper()
+    else:
+        return HashCacheMapper()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7690ff17228a9d489bef4ca937060c4f5855b0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pickle
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from fsspec.utils import atomic_write
+
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        import json
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from typing import Any, Literal, TypeAlias
+
+    from .cached import CachingFileSystem
+
+    Detail: TypeAlias = dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class CacheMetadata:
+    """Cache metadata.
+
+    All reading and writing of cache metadata is performed by this class,
+    accessing the cached files and blocks is not.
+
+    Metadata is stored in a single file per storage directory in JSON format.
+    For backward compatibility, also reads metadata stored in pickle format
+    which is converted to JSON when next saved.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, storage: list[str]):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        storage: list[str]
+            Directories containing cached files, must be at least one. Metadata
+            is stored in the last of these directories by convention.
+        """
+        if not storage:
+            raise ValueError("CacheMetadata expects at least one storage location")
+
+        self._storage = storage
+        self.cached_files: list[Detail] = [{}]
+
+        # Private attribute to force saving of metadata in pickle format rather than
+        # JSON for use in tests to confirm can read both pickle and JSON formats.
+        self._force_save_pickle = False
+
+    def _load(self, fn: str) -> Detail:
+        """Low-level function to load metadata from specific file"""
+        try:
+            with open(fn, "r") as f:
+                loaded = json.load(f)
+        except ValueError:
+            with open(fn, "rb") as f:
+                loaded = pickle.load(f)
+        for c in loaded.values():
+            if isinstance(c.get("blocks"), list):
+                c["blocks"] = set(c["blocks"])
+        return loaded
+
+    def _save(self, metadata_to_save: Detail, fn: str) -> None:
+        """Low-level function to save metadata to specific file"""
+        if self._force_save_pickle:
+            with atomic_write(fn) as f:
+                pickle.dump(metadata_to_save, f)
+        else:
+            with atomic_write(fn, mode="w") as f:
+                json.dump(metadata_to_save, f)
+
+    def _scan_locations(
+        self, writable_only: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
+        """Yield locations (filenames) where metadata is stored, and whether
+        writable or not.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        writable: bool
+            Set to True to only yield writable locations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Yields (str, str, bool)
+        """
+        n = len(self._storage)
+        for i, storage in enumerate(self._storage):
+            writable = i == n - 1
+            if writable_only and not writable:
+                continue
+            yield os.path.join(storage, "cache"), storage, writable
+
+    def check_file(
+        self, path: str, cfs: CachingFileSystem | None
+    ) -> Literal[False] | tuple[Detail, str]:
+        """If path is in cache return its details, otherwise return ``False``.
+
+        If the optional CachingFileSystem is specified then it is used to
+        perform extra checks to reject possible matches, such as if they are
+        too old.
+        """
+        for (fn, base, _), cache in zip(self._scan_locations(), self.cached_files):
+            if path not in cache:
+                continue
+            detail = cache[path].copy()
+
+            if cfs is not None:
+                if cfs.check_files and detail["uid"] != cfs.fs.ukey(path):
+                    # Wrong file as determined by hash of file properties
+                    continue
+                if cfs.expiry and time.time() - detail["time"] > cfs.expiry:
+                    # Cached file has expired
+                    continue
+
+            fn = os.path.join(base, detail["fn"])
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                return detail, fn
+        return False
+
+    def clear_expired(self, expiry_time: int) -> tuple[list[str], bool]:
+        """Remove expired metadata from the cache.
+
+        Returns names of files corresponding to expired metadata and a boolean
+        flag indicating whether the writable cache is empty. Caller is
+        responsible for deleting the expired files.
+        """
+        expired_files = []
+        for path, detail in self.cached_files[-1].copy().items():
+            if time.time() - detail["time"] > expiry_time:
+                fn = detail.get("fn", "")
+                if not fn:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Cache metadata does not contain 'fn' for {path}"
+                    )
+                fn = os.path.join(self._storage[-1], fn)
+                expired_files.append(fn)
+                self.cached_files[-1].pop(path)
+
+        if self.cached_files[-1]:
+            cache_path = os.path.join(self._storage[-1], "cache")
+            self._save(self.cached_files[-1], cache_path)
+
+        writable_cache_empty = not self.cached_files[-1]
+        return expired_files, writable_cache_empty
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        """Load all metadata from disk and store in ``self.cached_files``"""
+        cached_files = []
+        for fn, _, _ in self._scan_locations():
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                # TODO: consolidate blocks here
+                cached_files.append(self._load(fn))
+            else:
+                cached_files.append({})
+        self.cached_files = cached_files or [{}]
+
+    def on_close_cached_file(self, f: Any, path: str) -> None:
+        """Perform side-effect actions on closing a cached file.
+
+        The actual closing of the file is the responsibility of the caller.
+        """
+        # File must be writable, so in self.cached_files[-1]
+        c = self.cached_files[-1][path]
+        if c["blocks"] is not True and len(c["blocks"]) * f.blocksize >= f.size:
+            c["blocks"] = True
+
+    def pop_file(self, path: str) -> str | None:
+        """Remove metadata of cached file.
+
+        If path is in the cache, return the filename of the cached file,
+        otherwise return ``None``.  Caller is responsible for deleting the
+        cached file.
+        """
+        details = self.check_file(path, None)
+        if not details:
+            return None
+        _, fn = details
+        if fn.startswith(self._storage[-1]):
+            self.cached_files[-1].pop(path)
+            self.save()
+        else:
+            raise PermissionError(
+                "Can only delete cached file in last, writable cache location"
+            )
+        return fn
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save metadata to disk"""
+        for (fn, _, writable), cache in zip(self._scan_locations(), self.cached_files):
+            if not writable:
+                continue
+
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                cached_files = self._load(fn)
+                for k, c in cached_files.items():
+                    if k in cache:
+                        if c["blocks"] is True or cache[k]["blocks"] is True:
+                            c["blocks"] = True
+                        else:
+                            # self.cached_files[*][*]["blocks"] must continue to
+                            # point to the same set object so that updates
+                            # performed by MMapCache are propagated back to
+                            # self.cached_files.
+                            blocks = cache[k]["blocks"]
+                            blocks.update(c["blocks"])
+                            c["blocks"] = blocks
+                        c["time"] = max(c["time"], cache[k]["time"])
+                        c["uid"] = cache[k]["uid"]
+
+                # Files can be added to cache after it was written once
+                for k, c in cache.items():
+                    if k not in cached_files:
+                        cached_files[k] = c
+            else:
+                cached_files = cache
+            cache = {k: v.copy() for k, v in cached_files.items()}
+            for c in cache.values():
+                if isinstance(c["blocks"], set):
+                    c["blocks"] = list(c["blocks"])
+            self._save(cache, fn)
+            self.cached_files[-1] = cached_files
+
+    def update_file(self, path: str, detail: Detail) -> None:
+        """Update metadata for specific file in memory, do not save"""
+        self.cached_files[-1][path] = detail
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c140f8d617d7cfe5781b01344ab3fb77e0fe3775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import os
+import tempfile
+import time
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from shutil import rmtree
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import filesystem
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.core import BaseCache, MMapCache
+from fsspec.exceptions import BlocksizeMismatchError
+from fsspec.implementations.cache_mapper import create_cache_mapper
+from fsspec.implementations.cache_metadata import CacheMetadata
+from fsspec.implementations.chained import ChainedFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from fsspec.transaction import Transaction
+from fsspec.utils import infer_compression
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from fsspec.implementations.cache_mapper import AbstractCacheMapper
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.cached")
+
+
+class WriteCachedTransaction(Transaction):
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        rpaths = [f.path for f in self.files]
+        lpaths = [f.fn for f in self.files]
+        if commit:
+            self.fs.put(lpaths, rpaths)
+        self.files.clear()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs._transaction = None
+        self.fs = None  # break cycle
+
+
+class CachingFileSystem(ChainedFileSystem):
+    """Locally caching filesystem, layer over any other FS
+
+    This class implements chunk-wise local storage of remote files, for quick
+    access after the initial download. The files are stored in a given
+    directory with hashes of URLs for the filenames. If no directory is given,
+    a temporary one is used, which should be cleaned up by the OS after the
+    process ends. The files themselves are sparse (as implemented in
+    :class:`~fsspec.caching.MMapCache`), so only the data which is accessed
+    takes up space.
+
+    Restrictions:
+
+    - the block-size must be the same for each access of a given file, unless
+      all blocks of the file have already been read
+    - caching can only be applied to file-systems which produce files
+      derived from fsspec.spec.AbstractBufferedFile ; LocalFileSystem is also
+      allowed, for testing
+    """
+
+    protocol: ClassVar[str | tuple[str, ...]] = ("blockcache", "cached")
+    _strip_tokenize_options = ("fo",)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        cache_storage="TMP",
+        cache_check=10,
+        check_files=False,
+        expiry_time=604800,
+        target_options=None,
+        fs=None,
+        same_names: bool | None = None,
+        compression=None,
+        cache_mapper: AbstractCacheMapper | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            Target filesystem protocol. Provide either this or ``fs``.
+        cache_storage: str or list(str)
+            Location to store files. If "TMP", this is a temporary directory,
+            and will be cleaned up by the OS when this process ends (or later).
+            If a list, each location will be tried in the order given, but
+            only the last will be considered writable.
+        cache_check: int
+            Number of seconds between reload of cache metadata
+        check_files: bool
+            Whether to explicitly see if the UID of the remote file matches
+            the stored one before using. Warning: some file systems such as
+            HTTP cannot reliably give a unique hash of the contents of some
+            path, so be sure to set this option to False.
+        expiry_time: int
+            The time in seconds after which a local copy is considered useless.
+            Set to falsy to prevent expiry. The default is equivalent to one
+            week.
+        target_options: dict or None
+            Passed to the instantiation of the FS, if fs is None.
+        fs: filesystem instance
+            The target filesystem to run against. Provide this or ``protocol``.
+        same_names: bool (optional)
+            By default, target URLs are hashed using a ``HashCacheMapper`` so
+            that files from different backends with the same basename do not
+            conflict. If this argument is ``true``, a ``BasenameCacheMapper``
+            is used instead. Other cache mapper options are available by using
+            the ``cache_mapper`` keyword argument. Only one of this and
+            ``cache_mapper`` should be specified.
+        compression: str (optional)
+            To decompress on download. Can be 'infer' (guess from the URL name),
+            one of the entries in ``fsspec.compression.compr``, or None for no
+            decompression.
+        cache_mapper: AbstractCacheMapper (optional)
+            The object use to map from original filenames to cached filenames.
+            Only one of this and ``same_names`` should be specified.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        if fs is None and target_protocol is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Please provide filesystem instance(fs) or target_protocol"
+            )
+        if not (fs is None) ^ (target_protocol is None):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Both filesystems (fs) and target_protocol may not be both given."
+            )
+        if cache_storage == "TMP":
+            tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            storage = [tempdir]
+            weakref.finalize(self, self._remove_tempdir, tempdir)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(cache_storage, str):
+                storage = [cache_storage]
+            else:
+                storage = cache_storage
+        os.makedirs(storage[-1], exist_ok=True)
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.kwargs = target_options or {}
+        self.cache_check = cache_check
+        self.check_files = check_files
+        self.expiry = expiry_time
+        self.compression = compression
+
+        # Size of cache in bytes. If None then the size is unknown and will be
+        # recalculated the next time cache_size() is called. On writes to the
+        # cache this is reset to None.
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+        if same_names is not None and cache_mapper is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot specify both same_names and cache_mapper in "
+                "CachingFileSystem.__init__"
+            )
+        if cache_mapper is not None:
+            self._mapper = cache_mapper
+        else:
+            self._mapper = create_cache_mapper(
+                same_names if same_names is not None else False
+            )
+
+        self.target_protocol = (
+            target_protocol
+            if isinstance(target_protocol, str)
+            else (fs.protocol if isinstance(fs.protocol, str) else fs.protocol[0])
+        )
+        self._metadata = CacheMetadata(self.storage)
+        self.load_cache()
+        self.fs = fs if fs is not None else filesystem(target_protocol, **self.kwargs)
+
+        def _strip_protocol(path):
+            # acts as a method, since each instance has a difference target
+            return self.fs._strip_protocol(type(self)._strip_protocol(path))
+
+        self._strip_protocol: Callable = _strip_protocol
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _remove_tempdir(tempdir):
+        try:
+            rmtree(tempdir)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _mkcache(self):
+        os.makedirs(self.storage[-1], exist_ok=True)
+
+    def cache_size(self):
+        """Return size of cache in bytes.
+
+        If more than one cache directory is in use, only the size of the last
+        one (the writable cache directory) is returned.
+        """
+        if self._cache_size is None:
+            cache_dir = self.storage[-1]
+            self._cache_size = filesystem("file").du(cache_dir, withdirs=True)
+        return self._cache_size
+
+    def load_cache(self):
+        """Read set of stored blocks from file"""
+        self._metadata.load()
+        self._mkcache()
+        self.last_cache = time.time()
+
+    def save_cache(self):
+        """Save set of stored blocks from file"""
+        self._mkcache()
+        self._metadata.save()
+        self.last_cache = time.time()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _check_cache(self):
+        """Reload caches if time elapsed or any disappeared"""
+        self._mkcache()
+        if not self.cache_check:
+            # explicitly told not to bother checking
+            return
+        timecond = time.time() - self.last_cache > self.cache_check
+        existcond = all(os.path.exists(storage) for storage in self.storage)
+        if timecond or not existcond:
+            self.load_cache()
+
+    def _check_file(self, path):
+        """Is path in cache and still valid"""
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self._check_cache()
+        return self._metadata.check_file(path, self)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """Remove all files and metadata from the cache
+
+        In the case of multiple cache locations, this clears only the last one,
+        which is assumed to be the read/write one.
+        """
+        rmtree(self.storage[-1])
+        self.load_cache()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def clear_expired_cache(self, expiry_time=None):
+        """Remove all expired files and metadata from the cache
+
+        In the case of multiple cache locations, this clears only the last one,
+        which is assumed to be the read/write one.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        expiry_time: int
+            The time in seconds after which a local copy is considered useless.
+            If not defined the default is equivalent to the attribute from the
+            file caching instantiation.
+        """
+
+        if not expiry_time:
+            expiry_time = self.expiry
+
+        self._check_cache()
+
+        expired_files, writable_cache_empty = self._metadata.clear_expired(expiry_time)
+        for fn in expired_files:
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                os.remove(fn)
+
+        if writable_cache_empty:
+            rmtree(self.storage[-1])
+            self.load_cache()
+
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def pop_from_cache(self, path):
+        """Remove cached version of given file
+
+        Deletes local copy of the given (remote) path. If it is found in a cache
+        location which is not the last, it is assumed to be read-only, and
+        raises PermissionError
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        fn = self._metadata.pop_file(path)
+        if fn is not None:
+            os.remove(fn)
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Wrap the target _open
+
+        If the whole file exists in the cache, just open it locally and
+        return that.
+
+        Otherwise, open the file on the target FS, and make it have a mmap
+        cache pointing to the location which we determine, in our cache.
+        The ``blocks`` instance is shared, so as the mmap cache instance
+        updates, so does the entry in our ``cached_files`` attribute.
+        We monkey-patch this file, so that when it closes, we call
+        ``close_and_update`` to save the state of the blocks.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+
+        path = self.fs._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "r" not in mode:
+            return self.fs._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        detail = self._check_file(path)
+        if detail:
+            # file is in cache
+            detail, fn = detail
+            hash, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
+            if blocks is True:
+                # stored file is complete
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
+                return open(fn, mode)
+            # TODO: action where partial file exists in read-only cache
+            logger.debug("Opening partially cached copy of %s", path)
+        else:
+            hash = self._mapper(path)
+            fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+            blocks = set()
+            detail = {
+                "original": path,
+                "fn": hash,
+                "blocks": blocks,
+                "time": time.time(),
+                "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+            }
+            self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+            logger.debug("Creating local sparse file for %s", path)
+
+        # explicitly submitting the size to the open call will avoid extra
+        # operations when opening. This is particularly relevant
+        # for any file that is read over a network, e.g. S3.
+        size = detail.get("size")
+
+        # call target filesystems open
+        self._mkcache()
+        f = self.fs._open(
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            cache_type="none",
+            size=size,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        # set size if not already set
+        if size is None:
+            detail["size"] = f.size
+            self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+
+        if self.compression:
+            comp = (
+                infer_compression(path)
+                if self.compression == "infer"
+                else self.compression
+            )
+            f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+        if "blocksize" in detail:
+            if detail["blocksize"] != f.blocksize:
+                raise BlocksizeMismatchError(
+                    f"Cached file must be reopened with same block"
+                    f" size as original (old: {detail['blocksize']},"
+                    f" new {f.blocksize})"
+                )
+        else:
+            detail["blocksize"] = f.blocksize
+
+        def _fetch_ranges(ranges):
+            return self.fs.cat_ranges(
+                [path] * len(ranges),
+                [r[0] for r in ranges],
+                [r[1] for r in ranges],
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        multi_fetcher = None if self.compression else _fetch_ranges
+        f.cache = MMapCache(
+            f.blocksize, f._fetch_range, f.size, fn, blocks, multi_fetcher=multi_fetcher
+        )
+        close = f.close
+        f.close = lambda: self.close_and_update(f, close)
+        self.save_cache()
+        return f
+
+    def _parent(self, path):
+        return self.fs._parent(path)
+
+    def hash_name(self, path: str, *args: Any) -> str:
+        # Kept for backward compatibility with downstream libraries.
+        # Ignores extra arguments, previously same_name boolean.
+        return self._mapper(path)
+
+    def close_and_update(self, f, close):
+        """Called when a file is closing, so store the set of blocks"""
+        if f.closed:
+            return
+        path = self._strip_protocol(f.path)
+        self._metadata.on_close_cached_file(f, path)
+        try:
+            logger.debug("going to save")
+            self.save_cache()
+            logger.debug("saved")
+        except OSError:
+            logger.debug("Cache saving failed while closing file")
+        except NameError:
+            logger.debug("Cache save failed due to interpreter shutdown")
+        close()
+        f.closed = True
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True):
+        return self.fs.ls(path, detail)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, item):
+        if item in {
+            "load_cache",
+            "_get_cached_file_before_open",
+            "_open",
+            "save_cache",
+            "close_and_update",
+            "__init__",
+            "__getattribute__",
+            "__reduce__",
+            "_make_local_details",
+            "open",
+            "cat",
+            "cat_file",
+            "_cat_file",
+            "cat_ranges",
+            "_cat_ranges",
+            "get",
+            "read_block",
+            "tail",
+            "head",
+            "info",
+            "ls",
+            "exists",
+            "isfile",
+            "isdir",
+            "_check_file",
+            "_check_cache",
+            "_mkcache",
+            "clear_cache",
+            "clear_expired_cache",
+            "pop_from_cache",
+            "local_file",
+            "_paths_from_path",
+            "get_mapper",
+            "open_many",
+            "commit_many",
+            "hash_name",
+            "__hash__",
+            "__eq__",
+            "to_json",
+            "to_dict",
+            "cache_size",
+            "pipe_file",
+            "pipe",
+            "start_transaction",
+            "end_transaction",
+        }:
+            # all the methods defined in this class. Note `open` here, since
+            # it calls `_open`, but is actually in superclass
+            if hasattr(type(self), item):
+                return lambda *args, **kw: getattr(type(self), item).__get__(self)(
+                    *args, **kw
+                )
+            # method is in the whitelist but not defined on this subclass;
+            # fall through to delegate to the wrapped filesystem below
+        if item in ["__reduce_ex__"]:
+            raise AttributeError
+        if item in ["transaction"]:
+            # property
+            return type(self).transaction.__get__(self)
+        if item in {"_cache", "transaction_type", "protocol"}:
+            # class attributes
+            return getattr(type(self), item)
+        if item == "__class__":
+            return type(self)
+        d = object.__getattribute__(self, "__dict__")
+        fs = d.get("fs", None)  # fs is not immediately defined
+        if item in d:
+            return d[item]
+        elif fs is not None:
+            if item in fs.__dict__:
+                # attribute of instance
+                return fs.__dict__[item]
+            # attributed belonging to the target filesystem
+            cls = type(fs)
+            m = getattr(cls, item)
+            if (inspect.isfunction(m) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(m)) and (
+                not hasattr(m, "__self__") or m.__self__ is None
+            ):
+                # instance method
+                return m.__get__(fs, cls)
+            return m  # class method or attribute
+        else:
+            # attributes of the superclass, while target is being set up
+            return super().__getattribute__(item)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Test for equality."""
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            return False
+        return (
+            self.storage == other.storage
+            and self.kwargs == other.kwargs
+            and self.cache_check == other.cache_check
+            and self.check_files == other.check_files
+            and self.expiry == other.expiry
+            and self.compression == other.compression
+            and self._mapper == other._mapper
+            and self.target_protocol == other.target_protocol
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """Calculate hash."""
+        return (
+            hash(tuple(self.storage))
+            ^ hash(str(self.kwargs))
+            ^ hash(self.cache_check)
+            ^ hash(self.check_files)
+            ^ hash(self.expiry)
+            ^ hash(self.compression)
+            ^ hash(self._mapper)
+            ^ hash(self.target_protocol)
+        )
+
+
+class WholeFileCacheFileSystem(CachingFileSystem):
+    """Caches whole remote files on first access
+
+    This class is intended as a layer over any other file system, and
+    will make a local copy of each file accessed, so that all subsequent
+    reads are local. This is similar to ``CachingFileSystem``, but without
+    the block-wise functionality and so can work even when sparse files
+    are not allowed. See its docstring for definition of the init
+    arguments.
+
+    The class still needs access to the remote store for listing files,
+    and may refresh cached files.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "filecache"
+    local_file = True
+
+    def open_many(self, open_files, **kwargs):
+        paths = [of.path for of in open_files]
+        if "r" in open_files.mode:
+            self._mkcache()
+        else:
+            return [
+                LocalTempFile(
+                    self.fs,
+                    path,
+                    mode=open_files.mode,
+                    fn=os.path.join(self.storage[-1], self._mapper(path)),
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                for path in paths
+            ]
+
+        if self.compression:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        details = [self._check_file(sp) for sp in paths]
+        downpath = [p for p, d in zip(paths, details) if not d]
+        downfn0 = [
+            os.path.join(self.storage[-1], self._mapper(p))
+            for p, d in zip(paths, details)
+        ]  # keep these path names for opening later
+        downfn = [fn for fn, d in zip(downfn0, details) if not d]
+        if downpath:
+            # skip if all files are already cached and up to date
+            self.fs.get(downpath, downfn)
+
+            # update metadata - only happens when downloads are successful
+            newdetail = [
+                {
+                    "original": path,
+                    "fn": self._mapper(path),
+                    "blocks": True,
+                    "time": time.time(),
+                    "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+                }
+                for path in downpath
+            ]
+            for path, detail in zip(downpath, newdetail):
+                self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+            self.save_cache()
+
+        def firstpart(fn):
+            # helper to adapt both whole-file and simple-cache
+            return fn[1] if isinstance(fn, tuple) else fn
+
+        return [
+            open(firstpart(fn0) if fn0 else fn1, mode=open_files.mode)
+            for fn0, fn1 in zip(details, downfn0)
+        ]
+
+    def commit_many(self, open_files):
+        self.fs.put([f.fn for f in open_files], [f.path for f in open_files])
+        [f.close() for f in open_files]
+        for f in open_files:
+            # in case autocommit is off, and so close did not already delete
+            try:
+                os.remove(f.name)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _make_local_details(self, path):
+        hash = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+        detail = {
+            "original": path,
+            "fn": hash,
+            "blocks": True,
+            "time": time.time(),
+            "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+        }
+        self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
+        return fn
+
+    def cat(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive=False,
+        on_error="raise",
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        paths = self.expand_path(
+            path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=kwargs.get("maxdepth")
+        )
+        getpaths = []
+        storepaths = []
+        fns = []
+        out = {}
+        for p in paths.copy():
+            try:
+                detail = self._check_file(p)
+                if not detail:
+                    fn = self._make_local_details(p)
+                    getpaths.append(p)
+                    storepaths.append(fn)
+                else:
+                    detail, fn = detail if isinstance(detail, tuple) else (None, detail)
+                fns.append(fn)
+            except Exception as e:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise
+                if on_error == "return":
+                    out[p] = e
+                paths.remove(p)
+
+        if getpaths:
+            self.fs.get(getpaths, storepaths)
+            self.save_cache()
+
+        callback.set_size(len(paths))
+        for p, fn in zip(paths, fns):
+            with open(fn, "rb") as f:
+                out[p] = f.read()
+            callback.relative_update(1)
+        if isinstance(path, str) and len(paths) == 1 and recursive is False:
+            out = out[paths[0]]
+        return out
+
+    def _get_cached_file_before_open(self, path, **kwargs):
+        fn = self._make_local_details(path)
+        # call target filesystems open
+        self._mkcache()
+        if self.compression:
+            with self.fs._open(path, mode="rb", **kwargs) as f, open(fn, "wb") as f2:
+                if isinstance(f, AbstractBufferedFile):
+                    # want no type of caching if just downloading whole thing
+                    f.cache = BaseCache(0, f.cache.fetcher, f.size)
+                comp = (
+                    infer_compression(path)
+                    if self.compression == "infer"
+                    else self.compression
+                )
+                f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    block = getattr(f, "blocksize", 5 * 2**20)
+                    data = f.read(block)
+                    f2.write(data)
+        else:
+            self.fs.get_file(path, fn)
+        self.save_cache()
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        # For read (or append), (try) download from remote
+        if "r" in mode or "a" in mode:
+            if not self._check_file(path):
+                if self.fs.exists(path):
+                    self._get_cached_file_before_open(path, **kwargs)
+                elif "r" in mode:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+            detail, fn = self._check_file(path)
+            _, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
+            if blocks is True:
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Attempt to open partially cached file {path}"
+                    f" as a wholly cached file"
+                )
+
+        # Just reading does not need special file handling
+        if "r" in mode and "+" not in mode:
+            # In order to support downstream filesystems to be able to
+            # infer the compression from the original filename, like
+            # the `TarFileSystem`, let's extend the `io.BufferedReader`
+            # fileobject protocol by adding a dedicated attribute
+            # `original`.
+            f = open(fn, mode)
+            f.original = detail.get("original")
+            return f
+
+        hash = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+        user_specified_kwargs = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in kwargs.items()
+            # those kwargs were added by open(), we don't want them
+            if k not in ["autocommit", "block_size", "cache_options"]
+        }
+        return LocalTempFile(self, path, mode=mode, fn=fn, **user_specified_kwargs)
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("async cat_file %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = self._check_file(path)
+
+        if not fn:
+            fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+            await self.fs._get_file(path, fn, **kwargs)
+
+        with open(fn, "rb") as f:  # noqa ASYNC230
+            if start:
+                f.seek(start)
+            size = -1 if end is None else end - f.tell()
+            return f.read(size)
+
+    async def _cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("async cat ranges %s", paths)
+        lpaths = []
+        rset = set()
+        download = []
+        rpaths = []
+        for p in paths:
+            fn = self._check_file(p)
+            if fn is None and p not in rset:
+                sha = self._mapper(p)
+                fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+                download.append(fn)
+                rset.add(p)
+                rpaths.append(p)
+            lpaths.append(fn)
+        if download:
+            await self.fs._get(rpaths, download, on_error=on_error)
+
+        return LocalFileSystem().cat_ranges(
+            lpaths, starts, ends, max_gap=max_gap, on_error=on_error, **kwargs
+        )
+
+
+class SimpleCacheFileSystem(WholeFileCacheFileSystem):
+    """Caches whole remote files on first access
+
+    This class is intended as a layer over any other file system, and
+    will make a local copy of each file accessed, so that all subsequent
+    reads are local. This implementation only copies whole files, and
+    does not keep any metadata about the download time or file details.
+    It is therefore safer to use in multi-threaded/concurrent situations.
+
+    This is the only of the caching filesystems that supports write: you will
+    be given a real local open file, and upon close and commit, it will be
+    uploaded to the target filesystem; the writability or the target URL is
+    not checked until that time.
+
+    """
+
+    protocol = "simplecache"
+    local_file = True
+    transaction_type = WriteCachedTransaction
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        kw = kwargs.copy()
+        for key in ["cache_check", "expiry_time", "check_files"]:
+            kw[key] = False
+        super().__init__(**kw)
+        for storage in self.storage:
+            if not os.path.exists(storage):
+                os.makedirs(storage, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def _check_file(self, path):
+        self._check_cache()
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        for storage in self.storage:
+            fn = os.path.join(storage, sha)
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                return fn
+
+    def save_cache(self):
+        pass
+
+    def load_cache(self):
+        pass
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        if self._intrans:
+            with self.open(path, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(value)
+        else:
+            super().pipe_file(path, value)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        details = []
+        try:
+            details = self.fs.ls(
+                path, detail=True, **kwargs
+            ).copy()  # don't edit original!
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            ex = e
+        else:
+            ex = None
+        if self._intrans:
+            path1 = path.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            for f in self.transaction.files:
+                if f.path == path:
+                    details.append(
+                        {"name": path, "size": f.size or f.tell(), "type": "file"}
+                    )
+                elif f.path.startswith(path1):
+                    if f.path.count("/") == path1.count("/"):
+                        details.append(
+                            {"name": f.path, "size": f.size or f.tell(), "type": "file"}
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        dname = "/".join(f.path.split("/")[: path1.count("/") + 1])
+                        details.append({"name": dname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+        if ex is not None and not details:
+            raise ex
+        if detail:
+            return details
+        return sorted(_["name"] for _ in details)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self._intrans:
+            f = [_ for _ in self.transaction.files if _.path == path]
+            if f:
+                size = os.path.getsize(f[0].fn) if f[0].closed else f[0].tell()
+                return {"name": path, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+            f = any(_.path.startswith(path + "/") for _ in self.transaction.files)
+            if f:
+                return {"name": path, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        return self.fs.info(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(path), value, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(path, dict):
+            for k, v in path.items():
+                self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(k), v, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("path must be str or dict")
+
+    def cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("cat ranges %s", paths)
+        lpaths = [self._check_file(p) for p in paths]
+        rpaths = [p for l, p in zip(lpaths, paths) if l is False]
+        lpaths = [l for l, p in zip(lpaths, paths) if l is False]
+        self.fs.get(rpaths, lpaths)
+        paths = [self._check_file(p) for p in paths]
+        return LocalFileSystem().cat_ranges(
+            paths, starts, ends, max_gap=max_gap, on_error=on_error, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _get_cached_file_before_open(self, path, **kwargs):
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
+
+        self._mkcache()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+        if self.compression:
+            with self.fs._open(path, mode="rb", **kwargs) as f, open(fn, "wb") as f2:
+                if isinstance(f, AbstractBufferedFile):
+                    # want no type of caching if just downloading whole thing
+                    f.cache = BaseCache(0, f.cache.fetcher, f.size)
+                comp = (
+                    infer_compression(path)
+                    if self.compression == "infer"
+                    else self.compression
+                )
+                f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    block = getattr(f, "blocksize", 5 * 2**20)
+                    data = f.read(block)
+                    f2.write(data)
+        else:
+            self.fs.get_file(path, fn)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+
+        # For read (or append), (try) download from remote
+        if "r" in mode or "a" in mode:
+            if not self._check_file(path):
+                # append does not require an existing file but read does
+                if self.fs.exists(path):
+                    self._get_cached_file_before_open(path, **kwargs)
+                elif "r" in mode:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+        fn = self._check_file(path)
+        # Just reading does not need special file handling
+        if "r" in mode and "+" not in mode:
+            return open(fn, mode)
+
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+        user_specified_kwargs = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in kwargs.items()
+            if k not in ["autocommit", "block_size", "cache_options"]
+        }  # those were added by open()
+        return LocalTempFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            autocommit=not self._intrans,
+            fn=fn,
+            **user_specified_kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class LocalTempFile:
+    """A temporary local file, which will be uploaded on commit"""
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, fn, mode="wb", autocommit=True, seek=0, **kwargs):
+        self.fn = fn
+        self.fh = open(fn, mode)
+        self.mode = mode
+        if seek:
+            self.fh.seek(seek)
+        self.path = path
+        self.size = None
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.closed = False
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # always open in r+b to allow continuing writing at a location
+        return (
+            LocalTempFile,
+            (self.fs, self.path, self.fn, "r+b", self.autocommit, self.tell()),
+        )
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self.fh
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        # self.size = self.fh.tell()
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self.fh.close()
+        self.closed = True
+        if self.autocommit:
+            self.commit()
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fh.close()
+        os.remove(self.fn)
+
+    def commit(self):
+        # calling put() with list arguments avoids path expansion and additional operations
+        # like isdir()
+        self.fs.put([self.fn], [self.path], **self.kwargs)
+        # we do not delete the local copy, it's still in the cache.
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.fn
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"LocalTempFile: {self.path}"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.fh, item)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfce64334e8db0272eefa96b4428b23524b059f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing import ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+__all__ = ("ChainedFileSystem",)
+
+
+class ChainedFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Chained filesystem base class.
+
+    A chained filesystem is designed to be layered over another FS.
+    This is useful to implement things like caching.
+
+    This base class does very little on its own, but is used as a marker
+    that the class is designed for chaining.
+
+    Right now this is only used in `url_to_fs` to provide the path argument
+    (`fo`) to the chained filesystem from the underlying filesystem.
+
+    Additional functionality may be added in the future.
+    """
+
+    protocol: ClassVar[str] = "chained"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e1276463db6866665e6a0fe114efc247971b57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import dask
+from distributed.client import Client, _get_global_client
+from distributed.worker import Worker
+
+from fsspec import filesystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import infer_storage_options
+
+
+def _get_client(client):
+    if client is None:
+        return _get_global_client()
+    elif isinstance(client, Client):
+        return client
+    else:
+        # e.g., connection string
+        return Client(client)
+
+
+def _in_worker():
+    return bool(Worker._instances)
+
+
+class DaskWorkerFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """View files accessible to a worker as any other remote file-system
+
+    When instances are run on the worker, uses the real filesystem. When
+    run on the client, they call the worker to provide information or data.
+
+    **Warning** this implementation is experimental, and read-only for now.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, target_protocol=None, target_options=None, fs=None, client=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        if not (fs is None) ^ (target_protocol is None):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Please provide one of filesystem instance (fs) or"
+                " target_protocol, not both"
+            )
+        self.target_protocol = target_protocol
+        self.target_options = target_options
+        self.worker = None
+        self.client = client
+        self.fs = fs
+        self._determine_worker()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        so = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "host" in so and "port" in so:
+            return {"client": f"{so['host']}:{so['port']}"}
+        else:
+            return {}
+
+    def _determine_worker(self):
+        if _in_worker():
+            self.worker = True
+            if self.fs is None:
+                self.fs = filesystem(
+                    self.target_protocol, **(self.target_options or {})
+                )
+        else:
+            self.worker = False
+            self.client = _get_client(self.client)
+            self.rfs = dask.delayed(self)
+
+    def mkdir(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.mkdir(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.mkdir(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def rm(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.rm(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.rm(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.copy(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.copy(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def mv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.mv(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.mv(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def ls(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            return self.fs.ls(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.rfs.ls(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if self.worker:
+            return self.fs._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            return DaskFile(
+                fs=self,
+                path=path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+    def fetch_range(self, path, mode, start, end):
+        if self.worker:
+            with self._open(path, mode) as f:
+                f.seek(start)
+                return f.read(end - start)
+        else:
+            return self.rfs.fetch_range(path, mode, start, end).compute()
+
+
+class DaskFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError('Remote dask files can only be opened in "rb" mode')
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        pass
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        pass
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get the specified set of bytes from remote"""
+        return self.fs.fetch_range(self.path, self.mode, start, end)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f11542b48c98fd53fc367ade7425a00b38487619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import base64
+import io
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+
+class DataFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A handy decoder for data-URLs
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> with fsspec.open("data:,Hello%2C%20World%21") as f:
+    ...     print(f.read())
+    b"Hello, World!"
+
+    See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Data_URLs
+    """
+
+    protocol = "data"
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        """No parameters for this filesystem"""
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        pref, data = path.split(",", 1)
+        if pref.endswith("base64"):
+            return base64.b64decode(data)[start:end]
+        return unquote(data).encode()[start:end]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        pref, name = path.split(",", 1)
+        data = self.cat_file(path)
+        mime = pref.split(":", 1)[1].split(";", 1)[0]
+        return {"name": name, "size": len(data), "type": "file", "mimetype": mime}
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if "r" not in mode:
+            raise ValueError("Read only filesystem")
+        return io.BytesIO(self.cat_file(path))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode(data: bytes, mime: str | None = None):
+        """Format the given data into data-URL syntax
+
+        This version always base64 encodes, even when the data is ascii/url-safe.
+        """
+        return f"data:{mime or ''};base64,{base64.b64encode(data).decode()}"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a7fc93d7389c894ecb5fc6267ce20abe4087068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import urllib
+
+import requests
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter, Retry
+from typing_extensions import override
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+
+class DatabricksException(Exception):
+    """
+    Helper class for exceptions raised in this module.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, error_code, message, details=None):
+        """Create a new DatabricksException"""
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+        self.error_code = error_code
+        self.message = message
+        self.details = details
+
+
+class DatabricksFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Get access to the Databricks filesystem implementation over HTTP.
+    Can be used inside and outside of a databricks cluster.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, instance, token, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create a new DatabricksFileSystem.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instance: str
+            The instance URL of the databricks cluster.
+            For example for an Azure databricks cluster, this
+            has the form adb-<some-number>.<two digits>.azuredatabricks.net.
+        token: str
+            Your personal token. Find out more
+            here: https://docs.databricks.com/dev-tools/api/latest/authentication.html
+        """
+        self.instance = instance
+        self.token = token
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+        self.retries = Retry(
+            total=10,
+            backoff_factor=0.05,
+            status_forcelist=[408, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
+        )
+
+        self.session.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter(max_retries=self.retries))
+        self.session.headers.update({"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.token}"})
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @override
+    def _ls_from_cache(self, path) -> list[dict[str, str | int]] | None:
+        """Check cache for listing
+
+        Returns listing, if found (may be empty list for a directory that
+        exists but contains nothing), None if not in cache.
+        """
+        self.dircache.pop(path.rstrip("/"), None)
+
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        if parent in self.dircache:
+            for entry in self.dircache[parent]:
+                if entry["name"] == path.rstrip("/"):
+                    if entry["type"] != "directory":
+                        return [entry]
+                    return []
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        List the contents of the given path.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path
+        detail: bool
+            Return not only the list of filenames,
+            but also additional information on file sizes
+            and types.
+        """
+        try:
+            out = self._ls_from_cache(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # This happens if the `path`'s parent was cached, but `path` is not
+            # there. This suggests that `path` is new since the parent was
+            # cached. Attempt to invalidate parent's cache before continuing.
+            self.dircache.pop(self._parent(path), None)
+            out = None
+
+        if not out:
+            try:
+                r = self._send_to_api(
+                    method="get", endpoint="list", json={"path": path}
+                )
+            except DatabricksException as e:
+                if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+
+                raise
+            files = r.get("files", [])
+            out = [
+                {
+                    "name": o["path"],
+                    "type": "directory" if o["is_dir"] else "file",
+                    "size": o["file_size"],
+                }
+                for o in files
+            ]
+            self.dircache[path] = out
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=True):
+        """
+        Create a given absolute path and all of its parents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to create
+        exist_ok: bool
+            If false, checks if the folder
+            exists before creating it (and raises an
+            Exception if this is the case)
+        """
+        if not exist_ok:
+            try:
+                # If the following succeeds, the path is already present
+                self._send_to_api(
+                    method="get", endpoint="get-status", json={"path": path}
+                )
+                raise FileExistsError(f"Path {path} already exists")
+            except DatabricksException as e:
+                if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                    pass
+
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(method="post", endpoint="mkdirs", json={"path": path})
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create a given absolute path and all of its parents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to create
+        create_parents: bool
+            Whether to create all parents or not.
+            "False" is not implemented so far.
+        """
+        if not create_parents:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        self.mkdirs(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Remove the file or folder at the given absolute path.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path what to remove
+        recursive: bool
+            Recursively delete all files in a folder.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="delete",
+                json={"path": path, "recursive": recursive},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            # This is not really an exception, it just means
+            # not everything was deleted so far
+            if e.error_code == "PARTIAL_DELETE":
+                self.rm(path=path, recursive=recursive)
+            elif e.error_code == "IO_ERROR":
+                # Using the same exception as the os module would use here
+                raise OSError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mv(
+        self, source_path, destination_path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """
+        Move a source to a destination path.
+
+        A note from the original [databricks API manual]
+        (https://docs.databricks.com/dev-tools/api/latest/dbfs.html#move).
+
+        When moving a large number of files the API call will time out after
+        approximately 60s, potentially resulting in partially moved data.
+        Therefore, for operations that move more than 10k files, we strongly
+        discourage using the DBFS REST API.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        source_path: str
+            From where to move (absolute path)
+        destination_path: str
+            To where to move (absolute path)
+        recursive: bool
+            Not implemented to far.
+        maxdepth:
+            Not implemented to far.
+        """
+        if recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if maxdepth:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="move",
+                json={"source_path": source_path, "destination_path": destination_path},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(source_path))
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(destination_path))
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size="default", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Overwrite the base class method to make sure to create a DBFile.
+        All arguments are copied from the base method.
+
+        Only the default blocksize is allowed.
+        """
+        return DatabricksFile(self, path, mode=mode, block_size=block_size, **kwargs)
+
+    def _send_to_api(self, method, endpoint, json):
+        """
+        Send the given json to the DBFS API
+        using a get or post request (specified by the argument `method`).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        method: str
+            Which http method to use for communication; "get" or "post".
+        endpoint: str
+            Where to send the request to (last part of the API URL)
+        json: dict
+            Dictionary of information to send
+        """
+        if method == "post":
+            session_call = self.session.post
+        elif method == "get":
+            session_call = self.session.get
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Do not understand method {method}")
+
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(f"https://{self.instance}/api/2.0/dbfs/", endpoint)
+
+        r = session_call(url, json=json)
+
+        # The DBFS API will return a json, also in case of an exception.
+        # We want to preserve this information as good as possible.
+        try:
+            r.raise_for_status()
+        except requests.HTTPError as e:
+            # try to extract json error message
+            # if that fails, fall back to the original exception
+            try:
+                exception_json = e.response.json()
+            except Exception:
+                raise e from None
+
+            raise DatabricksException(**exception_json) from e
+
+        return r.json()
+
+    def _create_handle(self, path, overwrite=True):
+        """
+        Internal function to create a handle, which can be used to
+        write blocks of a file to DBFS.
+        A handle has a unique identifier which needs to be passed
+        whenever written during this transaction.
+        The handle is active for 10 minutes - after that a new
+        write transaction needs to be created.
+        Make sure to close the handle after you are finished.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path for this file.
+        overwrite: bool
+            If a file already exist at this location, either overwrite
+            it or raise an exception.
+        """
+        try:
+            r = self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="create",
+                json={"path": path, "overwrite": overwrite},
+            )
+            return r["handle"]
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _close_handle(self, handle):
+        """
+        Close a handle, which was opened by :func:`_create_handle`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        handle: str
+            Which handle to close.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(method="post", endpoint="close", json={"handle": handle})
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _add_data(self, handle, data):
+        """
+        Upload data to an already opened file handle
+        (opened by :func:`_create_handle`).
+        The maximal allowed data size is 1MB after
+        conversion to base64.
+        Remember to close the handle when you are finished.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        handle: str
+            Which handle to upload data to.
+        data: bytes
+            Block of data to add to the handle.
+        """
+        data = base64.b64encode(data).decode()
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="add-block",
+                json={"handle": handle, "data": data},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code == "MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_EXCEEDED":
+                raise ValueError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _get_data(self, path, start, end):
+        """
+        Download data in bytes from a given absolute path in a block
+        from [start, start+length].
+        The maximum number of allowed bytes to read is 1MB.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to download data from
+        start: int
+            Start position of the block
+        end: int
+            End position of the block
+        """
+        try:
+            r = self._send_to_api(
+                method="get",
+                endpoint="read",
+                json={"path": path, "offset": start, "length": end - start},
+            )
+            return base64.b64decode(r["data"])
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code in ["INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE", "MAX_READ_SIZE_EXCEEDED"]:
+                raise ValueError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        if path is None:
+            self.dircache.clear()
+        else:
+            self.dircache.pop(path, None)
+        super().invalidate_cache(path)
+
+
+class DatabricksFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    Helper class for files referenced in the DatabricksFileSystem.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 1 * 2**20  # only allowed block size
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Create a new instance of the DatabricksFile.
+
+        The blocksize needs to be the default one.
+        """
+        if block_size is None or block_size == "default":
+            block_size = self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+
+        assert block_size == self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, (
+            f"Only the default block size is allowed, not {block_size}"
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options or {},
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Internal function to start a file upload"""
+        self.handle = self.fs._create_handle(self.path)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Internal function to add a chunk of data to a started upload"""
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        data = self.buffer.getvalue()
+
+        data_chunks = [
+            data[start:end] for start, end in self._to_sized_blocks(len(data))
+        ]
+
+        for data_chunk in data_chunks:
+            self.fs._add_data(handle=self.handle, data=data_chunk)
+
+        if final:
+            self.fs._close_handle(handle=self.handle)
+            return True
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Internal function to download a block of data"""
+        return_buffer = b""
+        length = end - start
+        for chunk_start, chunk_end in self._to_sized_blocks(length, start):
+            return_buffer += self.fs._get_data(
+                path=self.path, start=chunk_start, end=chunk_end
+            )
+
+        return return_buffer
+
+    def _to_sized_blocks(self, length, start=0):
+        """Helper function to split a range from 0 to total_length into blocksizes"""
+        end = start + length
+        for data_chunk in range(start, end, self.blocksize):
+            data_start = data_chunk
+            data_end = min(end, data_chunk + self.blocksize)
+            yield data_start, data_end
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65b9b5da1219eb3a2e642c6dfb7f508f629d4e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+from .. import filesystem
+from ..asyn import AsyncFileSystem
+from .chained import ChainedFileSystem
+
+
+class DirFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem, ChainedFileSystem):
+    """Directory prefix filesystem
+
+    The DirFileSystem is a filesystem-wrapper. It assumes every path it is dealing with
+    is relative to the `path`. After performing the necessary paths operation it
+    delegates everything to the wrapped filesystem.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "dir"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path=None,
+        fs=None,
+        fo=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Path to the directory.
+        fs: AbstractFileSystem
+            An instantiated filesystem to wrap.
+        target_protocol, target_options:
+            if fs is none, construct it from these
+        fo: str
+            Alternate for path; do not provide both
+        """
+        super().__init__(**storage_options)
+        if fs is None:
+            fs = filesystem(protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {}))
+        path = path or fo
+
+        if self.asynchronous and not fs.async_impl:
+            raise ValueError("can't use asynchronous with non-async fs")
+
+        if fs.async_impl and self.asynchronous != fs.asynchronous:
+            raise ValueError("both dirfs and fs should be in the same sync/async mode")
+
+        self.path = fs._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs = fs
+
+    def _join(self, path):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            if not self.path:
+                return path
+            if not path:
+                return self.path
+            return self.fs.sep.join((self.path, self._strip_protocol(path)))
+        if isinstance(path, dict):
+            return {self._join(_path): value for _path, value in path.items()}
+        return [self._join(_path) for _path in path]
+
+    def _relpath(self, path):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            if not self.path:
+                return path
+            # We need to account for S3FileSystem returning paths that do not
+            # start with a '/'
+            if path == self.path or (
+                self.path.startswith(self.fs.sep) and path == self.path[1:]
+            ):
+                return ""
+            prefix = self.path + self.fs.sep
+            if self.path.startswith(self.fs.sep) and not path.startswith(self.fs.sep):
+                prefix = prefix[1:]
+            assert path.startswith(prefix)
+            return path[len(prefix) :]
+        return [self._relpath(_path) for _path in path]
+
+    # Wrappers below
+
+    @property
+    def sep(self):
+        return self.fs.sep
+
+    async def set_session(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs.set_session(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._rm_file(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.rm_file(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._rm(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def rm(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.rm(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        return self.fs.delete(self._join(path), recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+    async def _cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._cp_file(self._join(path1), self._join(path2), **kwargs)
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.cp_file(self._join(path1), self._join(path2), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _copy(
+        self,
+        path1,
+        path2,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs._copy(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def copy(self, path1, path2, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.copy(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _pipe(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._pipe(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.pipe(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._pipe_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.pipe_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def write_text(
+        self, path, value, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        return self.fs.write_text(
+            self._join(path),
+            value,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._cat_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.cat_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _cat(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = await self.fs._cat(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(ret, dict):
+            return {self._relpath(key): value for key, value in ret.items()}
+
+        return ret
+
+    def cat(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = self.fs.cat(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(ret, dict):
+            return {self._relpath(key): value for key, value in ret.items()}
+
+        return ret
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._put_file(lpath, self._join(rpath), **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.put_file(lpath, self._join(rpath), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _put(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs._put(
+            lpath,
+            self._join(rpath),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def put(self, lpath, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.put(
+            lpath,
+            self._join(rpath),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._get_file(self._join(rpath), lpath, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.get_file(self._join(rpath), lpath, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _get(self, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._get(self._join(rpath), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get(self, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.get(self._join(rpath), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _isfile(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._isfile(self._join(path))
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        return self.fs.isfile(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _isdir(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._isdir(self._join(path))
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        return self.fs.isdir(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _size(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._size(self._join(path))
+
+    def size(self, path):
+        return self.fs.size(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _exists(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._exists(self._join(path))
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        return self.fs.exists(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        info = await self.fs._info(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        info = info.copy()
+        info["name"] = self._relpath(info["name"])
+        return info
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        info = self.fs.info(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        info = info.copy()
+        info["name"] = self._relpath(info["name"])
+        return info
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        ret = (await self.fs._ls(self._join(path), detail=detail, **kwargs)).copy()
+        if detail:
+            out = []
+            for entry in ret:
+                entry = entry.copy()
+                entry["name"] = self._relpath(entry["name"])
+                out.append(entry)
+            return out
+
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        ret = self.fs.ls(self._join(path), detail=detail, **kwargs).copy()
+        if detail:
+            out = []
+            for entry in ret:
+                entry = entry.copy()
+                entry["name"] = self._relpath(entry["name"])
+                out.append(entry)
+            return out
+
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _walk(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        async for root, dirs, files in self.fs._walk(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs):
+            yield self._relpath(root), dirs, files
+
+    def walk(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        for root, dirs, files in self.fs.walk(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs):
+            yield self._relpath(root), dirs, files
+
+    async def _glob(self, path, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = await self.fs._glob(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def glob(self, path, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = self.fs.glob(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _du(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        total = kwargs.get("total", True)
+        ret = await self.fs._du(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if total:
+            return ret
+
+        return {self._relpath(path): size for path, size in ret.items()}
+
+    def du(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        total = kwargs.get("total", True)
+        ret = self.fs.du(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if total:
+            return ret
+
+        return {self._relpath(path): size for path, size in ret.items()}
+
+    async def _find(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = await self.fs._find(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def find(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = self.fs.find(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _expand_path(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._relpath(
+            await self.fs._expand_path(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        )
+
+    def expand_path(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._relpath(self.fs.expand_path(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs))
+
+    async def _mkdir(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._mkdir(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.mkdir(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _makedirs(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._makedirs(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.makedirs(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        return self.fs.rmdir(self._join(path))
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.mv(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def touch(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.touch(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        return self.fs.created(self._join(path))
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        return self.fs.modified(self._join(path))
+
+    def sign(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.sign(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}(path='{self.path}', fs={self.fs})"
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return self.fs.open(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def open_async(
+        self,
+        path,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs.open_async(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca151c6ea3cc2bb514701cd95fd5258bed3c9899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+import os
+import ssl
+import uuid
+from ftplib import FTP, FTP_TLS, Error, error_perm
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options, isfilelike
+
+SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP = {
+    "tls": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS,
+    "tlsv1": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
+    "tlsv1_1": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1,
+    "tlsv1_2": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2,
+    "sslv23": ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
+}
+
+
+class ImplicitFTPTLS(FTP_TLS):
+    """
+    FTP_TLS subclass that automatically wraps sockets in SSL
+    to support implicit FTPS.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._sock = None
+
+    @property
+    def sock(self):
+        """Return the socket."""
+        return self._sock
+
+    @sock.setter
+    def sock(self, value):
+        """When modifying the socket, ensure that it is ssl wrapped."""
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            value = self.context.wrap_socket(value)
+        self._sock = value
+
+
+class FTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A filesystem over classic FTP"""
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+    cachable = False
+    protocol = "ftp"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=21,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        acct=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        tempdir=None,
+        timeout=30,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        tls=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        You can use _get_kwargs_from_urls to get some kwargs from
+        a reasonable FTP url.
+
+        Authentication will be anonymous if username/password are not
+        given.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            The remote server name/ip to connect to
+        port: int
+            Port to connect with
+        username: str or None
+            If authenticating, the user's identifier
+        password: str of None
+            User's password on the server, if using
+        acct: str or None
+            Some servers also need an "account" string for auth
+        block_size: int or None
+            If given, the read-ahead or write buffer size.
+        tempdir: str
+            Directory on remote to put temporary files when in a transaction
+        timeout: int
+            Timeout of the ftp connection in seconds
+        encoding: str
+            Encoding to use for directories and filenames in FTP connection
+        tls: bool or str
+            Enable FTP-TLS for secure connections:
+                - False: Plain FTP (default)
+                - True: Explicit TLS (FTPS with AUTH TLS command)
+                - "tls": Auto-negotiate highest protocol
+                - "tlsv1": TLS v1.0
+                - "tlsv1_1": TLS v1.1
+                - "tlsv1_2": TLS v1.2
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.tempdir = tempdir or "/tmp"
+        self.cred = username or "", password or "", acct or ""
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        if block_size is not None:
+            self.blocksize = block_size
+        else:
+            self.blocksize = 2**16
+        self.tls = tls
+        self._connect()
+        if isinstance(self.tls, bool) and self.tls:
+            self.ftp.prot_p()
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        security = None
+        if self.tls:
+            if isinstance(self.tls, str):
+                ftp_cls = ImplicitFTPTLS
+                security = SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP.get(
+                    self.tls,
+                    f"Not supported {self.tls} protocol",
+                )
+                if isinstance(security, str):
+                    raise ValueError(security)
+            else:
+                ftp_cls = FTP_TLS
+        else:
+            ftp_cls = FTP
+        self.ftp = ftp_cls(timeout=self.timeout, encoding=self.encoding)
+        if security:
+            self.ftp.ssl_version = security
+        self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port)
+        self.ftp.login(*self.cred)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return "/" + infer_storage_options(path)["path"].lstrip("/").rstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = []
+        if path not in self.dircache:
+            try:
+                try:
+                    out = [
+                        (fn, details)
+                        for (fn, details) in self.ftp.mlsd(path)
+                        if fn not in [".", ".."]
+                        and details["type"] not in ["pdir", "cdir"]
+                    ]
+                except error_perm:
+                    out = _mlsd2(self.ftp, path)  # Not platform independent
+                for fn, details in out:
+                    details["name"] = "/".join(
+                        ["" if path == "/" else path, fn.lstrip("/")]
+                    )
+                    if details["type"] == "file":
+                        details["size"] = int(details["size"])
+                    else:
+                        details["size"] = 0
+                    if details["type"] == "dir":
+                        details["type"] = "directory"
+                self.dircache[path] = out
+            except Error:
+                try:
+                    info = self.info(path)
+                    if info["type"] == "file":
+                        out = [(path, info)]
+                except (Error, IndexError) as exc:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        files = self.dircache.get(path, out)
+        if not detail:
+            return sorted([fn for fn, details in files])
+        return [details for fn, details in files]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        # implement with direct method
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "/":
+            # special case, since this dir has no real entry
+            return {"name": "/", "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        files = self.ls(self._parent(path).lstrip("/"), True)
+        try:
+            out = next(f for f in files if f["name"] == path)
+        except StopIteration as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        return out
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            if not os.path.exists(lpath):
+                os.mkdir(lpath)
+            return
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile = lpath
+        else:
+            outfile = open(lpath, "wb")
+
+        def cb(x):
+            outfile.write(x)
+
+        self.ftp.retrbinary(
+            f"RETR {rpath}",
+            blocksize=self.blocksize,
+            callback=cb,
+        )
+        if not isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile.close()
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        if end is not None:
+            return super().cat_file(path, start, end, **kwargs)
+        out = []
+
+        def cb(x):
+            out.append(x)
+
+        try:
+            self.ftp.retrbinary(
+                f"RETR {path}",
+                blocksize=self.blocksize,
+                rest=start,
+                callback=cb,
+            )
+        except (Error, error_perm) as orig_exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from orig_exc
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        block_size = block_size or self.blocksize
+        return FTPFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            tempdir=self.tempdir,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+        )
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.ftp.delete(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(paths):
+            if self.isfile(p):
+                self.rm_file(p)
+            else:
+                self.rmdir(p)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path: str, create_parents: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        if parent != self.root_marker and not self.exists(parent) and create_parents:
+            self.mkdir(parent, create_parents=create_parents)
+
+        self.ftp.mkd(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def makedirs(self, path: str, exist_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            # NB: "/" does not "exist" as it has no directory entry
+            if not exist_ok:
+                raise FileExistsError(f"{path} exists without `exist_ok`")
+            # exists_ok=True -> no-op
+        else:
+            self.mkdir(path, create_parents=True)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.ftp.rmd(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        self.ftp.rename(path1, path2)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path1))
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path2))
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.ftp.close()
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        if path is None:
+            self.dircache.clear()
+        else:
+            self.dircache.pop(path, None)
+        super().invalidate_cache(path)
+
+
+class TransferDone(Exception):
+    """Internal exception to break out of transfer"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class FTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """Interact with a remote FTP file with read/write buffering"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        if not autocommit:
+            self.target = self.path
+            self.path = "/".join([kwargs["tempdir"], str(uuid.uuid4())])
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.mv(self.path, self.target)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fs.rm(self.path)
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get bytes between given byte limits
+
+        Implemented by raising an exception in the fetch callback when the
+        number of bytes received reaches the requested amount.
+
+        Will fail if the server does not respect the REST command on
+        retrieve requests.
+        """
+        out = []
+        total = [0]
+
+        def callback(x):
+            total[0] += len(x)
+            if total[0] > end - start:
+                out.append(x[: (end - start) - total[0]])
+                if end < self.size:
+                    raise TransferDone
+            else:
+                out.append(x)
+
+            if total[0] == end - start and end < self.size:
+                raise TransferDone
+
+        try:
+            self.fs.ftp.retrbinary(
+                f"RETR {self.path}",
+                blocksize=self.blocksize,
+                rest=start,
+                callback=callback,
+            )
+        except TransferDone:
+            try:
+                # stop transfer, we got enough bytes for this block
+                self.fs.ftp.abort()
+                self.fs.ftp.getmultiline()
+            except Error:
+                self.fs._connect()
+
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        self.fs.ftp.storbinary(
+            f"STOR {self.path}", self.buffer, blocksize=self.blocksize, rest=self.offset
+        )
+        return True
+
+
+def _mlsd2(ftp, path="."):
+    """
+    Fall back to using `dir` instead of `mlsd` if not supported.
+
+    This parses a Linux style `ls -l` response to `dir`, but the response may
+    be platform dependent.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ftp: ftplib.FTP
+    path: str
+        Expects to be given path, but defaults to ".".
+    """
+    lines = []
+    minfo = []
+    ftp.dir(path, lines.append)
+    for line in lines:
+        split_line = line.split()
+        if len(split_line) < 9:
+            continue
+        this = (
+            split_line[-1],
+            {
+                "modify": " ".join(split_line[5:8]),
+                "unix.owner": split_line[2],
+                "unix.group": split_line[3],
+                "unix.mode": split_line[0],
+                "size": split_line[4],
+            },
+        )
+        if this[1]["unix.mode"][0] == "d":
+            this[1]["type"] = "dir"
+        else:
+            this[1]["type"] = "file"
+        minfo.append(this)
+    return minfo
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad9ac0b6a1cdbcfba6188e2cdeab2350bb9aad0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GistFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Interface to files in a single GitHub Gist.
+
+    Provides read-only access to a gist's files. Gists do not contain
+    subdirectories, so file listing is straightforward.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gist_id: str
+        The ID of the gist you want to access (the long hex value from the URL).
+    filenames: list[str] (optional)
+        If provided, only make a file system representing these files, and do not fetch
+        the list of all files for this gist.
+    sha: str (optional)
+        If provided, fetch a particular revision of the gist. If omitted,
+        the latest revision is used.
+    username: str (optional)
+        GitHub username for authentication.
+    token: str (optional)
+        GitHub personal access token (required if username is given), or.
+    timeout: (float, float) or float, optional
+        Connect and read timeouts for requests (default 60s each).
+    kwargs: dict
+        Stored on `self.request_kw` and passed to `requests.get` when fetching Gist
+        metadata or reading ("opening") a file.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "gist"
+    gist_url = "https://api.github.com/gists/{gist_id}"
+    gist_rev_url = "https://api.github.com/gists/{gist_id}/{sha}"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        gist_id,
+        filenames=None,
+        sha=None,
+        username=None,
+        token=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.gist_id = gist_id
+        self.filenames = filenames
+        self.sha = sha  # revision of the gist (optional)
+        if username is not None and token is None:
+            raise ValueError("User auth requires a token")
+        self.username = username
+        self.token = token
+        self.request_kw = kwargs
+        # Default timeouts to 60s connect/read if none provided
+        self.timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else (60, 60)
+
+        # We use a single-level "directory" cache, because a gist is essentially flat
+        self.dircache[""] = self._fetch_file_list()
+
+    @property
+    def kw(self):
+        """Auth parameters passed to 'requests' if we have username/token."""
+        kw = {
+            "headers": {
+                "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
+                "X-GitHub-Api-Version": "2022-11-28",
+            }
+        }
+        kw.update(self.request_kw)
+        if self.username and self.token:
+            kw["auth"] = (self.username, self.token)
+        elif self.token:
+            kw["headers"]["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.token}"
+        return kw
+
+    def _fetch_gist_metadata(self):
+        """
+        Fetch the JSON metadata for this gist (possibly for a specific revision).
+        """
+        if self.sha:
+            url = self.gist_rev_url.format(gist_id=self.gist_id, sha=self.sha)
+        else:
+            url = self.gist_url.format(gist_id=self.gist_id)
+
+        r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                f"Gist not found: {self.gist_id}@{self.sha or 'latest'}"
+            )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return r.json()
+
+    def _fetch_file_list(self):
+        """
+        Returns a list of dicts describing each file in the gist. These get stored
+        in self.dircache[""].
+        """
+        meta = self._fetch_gist_metadata()
+        if self.filenames:
+            available_files = meta.get("files", {})
+            files = {}
+            for fn in self.filenames:
+                if fn not in available_files:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(fn)
+                files[fn] = available_files[fn]
+        else:
+            files = meta.get("files", {})
+
+        out = []
+        for fname, finfo in files.items():
+            if finfo is None:
+                # Occasionally GitHub returns a file entry with null if it was deleted
+                continue
+            # Build a directory entry
+            out.append(
+                {
+                    "name": fname,  # file's name
+                    "type": "file",  # gists have no subdirectories
+                    "size": finfo.get("size", 0),  # file size in bytes
+                    "raw_url": finfo.get("raw_url"),
+                }
+            )
+        return out
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """
+        Remove 'gist://' from the path, if present.
+        """
+        # The default infer_storage_options can handle gist://username:token@id/file
+        # or gist://id/file, but let's ensure we handle a normal usage too.
+        # We'll just strip the protocol prefix if it exists.
+        path = infer_storage_options(path).get("path", path)
+        return path.lstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        """
+        Parse 'gist://' style URLs into GistFileSystem constructor kwargs.
+        For example:
+          gist://:TOKEN@<gist_id>/file.txt
+          gist://username:TOKEN@<gist_id>/file.txt
+        """
+        so = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out = {}
+        if "username" in so and so["username"]:
+            out["username"] = so["username"]
+        if "password" in so and so["password"]:
+            out["token"] = so["password"]
+        if "host" in so and so["host"]:
+            # We interpret 'host' as the gist ID
+            out["gist_id"] = so["host"]
+
+        # Extract SHA and filename from path
+        if "path" in so and so["path"]:
+            path_parts = so["path"].rsplit("/", 2)[-2:]
+            if len(path_parts) == 2:
+                if path_parts[0]:  # SHA present
+                    out["sha"] = path_parts[0]
+                if path_parts[1]:  # filename also present
+                    out["filenames"] = [path_parts[1]]
+
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path="", detail=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        List files in the gist. Gists are single-level, so any 'path' is basically
+        the filename, or empty for all files.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str, optional
+            The filename to list. If empty, returns all files in the gist.
+        detail : bool, default False
+            If True, return a list of dicts; if False, return a list of filenames.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path or "")
+        # If path is empty, return all
+        if path == "":
+            results = self.dircache[""]
+        else:
+            # We want just the single file with this name
+            all_files = self.dircache[""]
+            results = [f for f in all_files if f["name"] == path]
+            if not results:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return results
+        else:
+            return sorted(f["name"] for f in results)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Read a single file from the gist.
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("GitHub Gist FS is read-only (no write).")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        # Find the file entry in our dircache
+        matches = [f for f in self.dircache[""] if f["name"] == path]
+        if not matches:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        finfo = matches[0]
+
+        raw_url = finfo.get("raw_url")
+        if not raw_url:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"No raw_url for file: {path}")
+
+        r = requests.get(raw_url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return MemoryFile(path, None, r.content)
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Return {path: contents} for the given file or files. If 'recursive' is True,
+        and path is empty, returns all files in the gist.
+        """
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive)
+        out = {}
+        for p in paths:
+            try:
+                with self.open(p, "rb") as f:
+                    out[p] = f.read()
+            except FileNotFoundError as e:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise e
+                elif on_error == "omit":
+                    pass  # skip
+                else:
+                    out[p] = e
+        if len(paths) == 1 and paths[0] == path:
+            return out[path]
+        return out
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..808d293a1c991ea87d19a2129f3e56d9b813daaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import os
+
+import pygit2
+
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GitFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Browse the files of a local git repo at any hash/tag/branch
+
+    (experimental backend)
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    cachable = True
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fo=None, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str (optional)
+            Local location of the repo (uses current directory if not given).
+            May be deprecated in favour of ``fo``. When used with a higher
+            level function such as fsspec.open(), may be of the form
+            "git://[path-to-repo[:]][ref@]path/to/file" (but the actual
+            file path should not contain "@" or ":").
+        fo: str (optional)
+            Same as ``path``, but passed as part of a chained URL. This one
+            takes precedence if both are given.
+        ref: str (optional)
+            Reference to work with, could be a hash, tag or branch name. Defaults
+            to current working tree. Note that ``ls`` and ``open`` also take hash,
+            so this becomes the default for those operations
+        kwargs
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.repo = pygit2.Repository(fo or path or os.getcwd())
+        self.ref = ref or "master"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        path = super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+        if ":" in path:
+            path = path.split(":", 1)[1]
+        if "@" in path:
+            path = path.split("@", 1)[1]
+        return path.lstrip("/")
+
+    def _path_to_object(self, path, ref):
+        comm, ref = self.repo.resolve_refish(ref or self.ref)
+        parts = path.split("/")
+        tree = comm.tree
+        for part in parts:
+            if part and isinstance(tree, pygit2.Tree):
+                if part not in tree:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+                tree = tree[part]
+        return tree
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        path = path.removeprefix("git://")
+        out = {}
+        if ":" in path:
+            out["path"], path = path.split(":", 1)
+        if "@" in path:
+            out["ref"], path = path.split("@", 1)
+        return out
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _object_to_info(obj, path=None):
+        # obj.name and obj.filemode are None for the root tree!
+        is_dir = isinstance(obj, pygit2.Tree)
+        return {
+            "type": "directory" if is_dir else "file",
+            "name": (
+                "/".join([path, obj.name or ""]).lstrip("/") if path else obj.name
+            ),
+            "hex": str(obj.id),
+            "mode": "100644" if obj.filemode is None else f"{obj.filemode:o}",
+            "size": 0 if is_dir else obj.size,
+        }
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        tree = self._path_to_object(self._strip_protocol(path), ref)
+        return [
+            GitFileSystem._object_to_info(obj, path)
+            if detail
+            else GitFileSystem._object_to_info(obj, path)["name"]
+            for obj in (tree if isinstance(tree, pygit2.Tree) else [tree])
+        ]
+
+    def info(self, path, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        tree = self._path_to_object(self._strip_protocol(path), ref)
+        return GitFileSystem._object_to_info(tree, path)
+
+    def ukey(self, path, ref=None):
+        return self.info(path, ref=ref)["hex"]
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        ref=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        obj = self._path_to_object(path, ref or self.ref)
+        return MemoryFile(data=obj.data)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3630f6db54413e2c396f6cc1b6b10cd379200043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+import base64
+import re
+
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GithubFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Interface to files in github
+
+    An instance of this class provides the files residing within a remote github
+    repository. You may specify a point in the repos history, by SHA, branch
+    or tag (default is current master).
+
+    For files less than 1 MB in size, file content is returned directly in a
+    MemoryFile. For larger files, or for files tracked by git-lfs, file content
+    is returned as an HTTPFile wrapping the ``download_url`` provided by the
+    GitHub API.
+
+    When using fsspec.open, allows URIs of the form:
+
+    - "github://path/file", in which case you must specify org, repo and
+      may specify sha in the extra args
+    - 'github://org:repo@/precip/catalog.yml', where the org and repo are
+      part of the URI
+    - 'github://org:repo@sha/precip/catalog.yml', where the sha is also included
+
+    ``sha`` can be the full or abbreviated hex of the commit you want to fetch
+    from, or a branch or tag name (so long as it doesn't contain special characters
+    like "/", "?", which would have to be HTTP-encoded).
+
+    For authorised access, you must provide username and token, which can be made
+    at https://github.com/settings/tokens
+    """
+
+    url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/git/trees/{sha}"
+    content_url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/contents/{path}?ref={sha}"
+    protocol = "github"
+    timeout = (60, 60)  # connect, read timeouts
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, org, repo, sha=None, username=None, token=None, timeout=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.org = org
+        self.repo = repo
+        if (username is None) ^ (token is None):
+            raise ValueError("Auth required both username and token")
+        self.username = username
+        self.token = token
+        if timeout is not None:
+            self.timeout = timeout
+        if sha is None:
+            # look up default branch (not necessarily "master")
+            u = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}"
+            r = requests.get(
+                u.format(org=org, repo=repo), timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw
+            )
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            sha = r.json()["default_branch"]
+
+        self.root = sha
+        self.ls("")
+        try:
+            from .http import HTTPFileSystem
+
+            self.http_fs = HTTPFileSystem(**kwargs)
+        except ImportError:
+            self.http_fs = None
+
+    @property
+    def kw(self):
+        if self.username:
+            return {"auth": (self.username, self.token)}
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def repos(cls, org_or_user, is_org=True):
+        """List repo names for given org or user
+
+        This may become the top level of the FS
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        org_or_user: str
+            Name of the github org or user to query
+        is_org: bool (default True)
+            Whether the name is an organisation (True) or user (False)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of string
+        """
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/{['users', 'orgs'][is_org]}/{org_or_user}/repos",
+            timeout=cls.timeout,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [repo["name"] for repo in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def tags(self):
+        """Names of tags in the repo"""
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/tags",
+            timeout=self.timeout,
+            **self.kw,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [t["name"] for t in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def branches(self):
+        """Names of branches in the repo"""
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/branches",
+            timeout=self.timeout,
+            **self.kw,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [t["name"] for t in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def refs(self):
+        """Named references, tags and branches"""
+        return {"tags": self.tags, "branches": self.branches}
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, sha=None, _sha=None, **kwargs):
+        """List files at given path
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Location to list, relative to repo root
+        detail: bool
+            If True, returns list of dicts, one per file; if False, returns
+            list of full filenames only
+        sha: str (optional)
+            List at the given point in the repo history, branch or tag name or commit
+            SHA
+        _sha: str (optional)
+            List this specific tree object (used internally to descend into trees)
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "":
+            _sha = sha or self.root
+        if _sha is None:
+            parts = path.rstrip("/").split("/")
+            so_far = ""
+            _sha = sha or self.root
+            for part in parts:
+                out = self.ls(so_far, True, sha=sha, _sha=_sha)
+                so_far += "/" + part if so_far else part
+                out = [o for o in out if o["name"] == so_far]
+                if not out:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+                out = out[0]
+                if out["type"] == "file":
+                    if detail:
+                        return [out]
+                    else:
+                        return path
+                _sha = out["sha"]
+        if path not in self.dircache or sha not in [self.root, None]:
+            r = requests.get(
+                self.url.format(org=self.org, repo=self.repo, sha=_sha),
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                **self.kw,
+            )
+            if r.status_code == 404:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            types = {"blob": "file", "tree": "directory"}
+            out = [
+                {
+                    "name": path + "/" + f["path"] if path else f["path"],
+                    "mode": f["mode"],
+                    "type": types[f["type"]],
+                    "size": f.get("size", 0),
+                    "sha": f["sha"],
+                }
+                for f in r.json()["tree"]
+                if f["type"] in types
+            ]
+            if sha in [self.root, None]:
+                self.dircache[path] = out
+        else:
+            out = self.dircache[path]
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return sorted([f["name"] for f in out])
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        self.dircache.clear()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        opts = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "username" not in opts:
+            return super()._strip_protocol(path)
+        return opts["path"].lstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        opts = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "username" not in opts:
+            return {}
+        out = {"org": opts["username"], "repo": opts["password"]}
+        if opts["host"]:
+            out["sha"] = opts["host"]
+        return out
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        sha=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        # construct a url to hit the GitHub API's repo contents API
+        url = self.content_url.format(
+            org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path, sha=sha or self.root
+        )
+
+        # make a request to this API, and parse the response as JSON
+        r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        content_json = r.json()
+
+        # if the response's content key is not empty, try to parse it as base64
+        if content_json["content"]:
+            content = base64.b64decode(content_json["content"])
+
+            # as long as the content does not start with the string
+            # "version https://git-lfs.github.com/"
+            # then it is probably not a git-lfs pointer and we can just return
+            # the content directly
+            if not content.startswith(b"version https://git-lfs.github.com/"):
+                return MemoryFile(None, None, content)
+
+        # we land here if the content was not present in the first response
+        # (regular file over 1MB or git-lfs tracked file)
+        # in this case, we get let the HTTPFileSystem handle the download
+        if self.http_fs is None:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Please install fsspec[http] to access github files >1 MB "
+                "or git-lfs tracked files."
+            )
+        return self.http_fs.open(
+            content_json["download_url"],
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, message=None):
+        path = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(path):
+            self.rm_file(p, message=message)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, message=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Remove a file from a specified branch using a given commit message.
+
+        Since Github DELETE operation requires a branch name, and we can't reliably
+        determine whether the provided SHA refers to a branch, tag, or commit, we
+        assume it's a branch. If it's not, the user will encounter an error when
+        attempting to retrieve the file SHA or delete the file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            The file's location relative to the repository root.
+        message: str, optional
+            The commit message for the deletion.
+        """
+
+        if not self.username:
+            raise ValueError("Authentication required")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+
+        # Attempt to get SHA from cache or Github API
+        sha = self._get_sha_from_cache(path)
+        if not sha:
+            url = self.content_url.format(
+                org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path.lstrip("/"), sha=self.root
+            )
+            r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+            if r.status_code == 404:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            sha = r.json()["sha"]
+
+        # Delete the file
+        delete_url = self.content_url.format(
+            org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path, sha=self.root
+        )
+        branch = self.root
+        data = {
+            "message": message or f"Delete {path}",
+            "sha": sha,
+            **({"branch": branch} if branch else {}),
+        }
+
+        r = requests.delete(delete_url, json=data, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        error_message = r.json().get("message", "")
+        if re.search(r"Branch .+ not found", error_message):
+            error = "Remove only works when the filesystem is initialised from a branch or default (None)"
+            raise ValueError(error)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        self.invalidate_cache(path)
+
+    def _get_sha_from_cache(self, path):
+        for entries in self.dircache.values():
+            for entry in entries:
+                entry_path = entry.get("name")
+                if entry_path and entry_path == path and "sha" in entry:
+                    return entry["sha"]
+        return None
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aff1a955c27091229513b988627de9e806dca8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+import asyncio
+import io
+import logging
+import re
+import weakref
+from copy import copy
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import aiohttp
+import yarl
+
+from fsspec.asyn import AbstractAsyncStreamedFile, AsyncFileSystem, sync, sync_wrapper
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.exceptions import FSTimeoutError
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,
+    glob_translate,
+    isfilelike,
+    nullcontext,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+from ..caching import AllBytes
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15926317/3821154
+ex = re.compile(r"""<(a|A)\s+(?:[^>]*?\s+)?(href|HREF)=["'](?P<url>[^"']+)""")
+ex2 = re.compile(r"""(?P<url>http[s]?://[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_+.~#?&/=]+)""")
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.http")
+
+
+async def get_client(**kwargs):
+    return aiohttp.ClientSession(**kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """
+    Simple File-System for fetching data via HTTP(S)
+
+    ``ls()`` is implemented by loading the parent page and doing a regex
+    match on the result. If simple_link=True, anything of the form
+    "http(s)://server.com/stuff?thing=other"; otherwise only links within
+    HTML href tags will be used.
+
+    URLs are passed unfiltered to aiohttp, so all addresses are accessible. Where URLs are
+    supplied by a user, the calling application may wish to filter to prevent scanning.
+    """
+
+    protocol = ("http", "https")
+    sep = "/"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        simple_links=True,
+        block_size=None,
+        same_scheme=True,
+        size_policy=None,
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        asynchronous=False,
+        loop=None,
+        client_kwargs=None,
+        get_client=get_client,
+        encoded=False,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+        NB: if this is called async, you must await set_client
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        block_size: int
+            Blocks to read bytes; if 0, will default to raw requests file-like
+            objects instead of HTTPFile instances
+        simple_links: bool
+            If True, will consider both HTML <a> tags and anything that looks
+            like a URL; if False, will consider only the former.
+        same_scheme: True
+            When doing ls/glob, if this is True, only consider paths that have
+            http/https matching the input URLs.
+        size_policy: this argument is deprecated
+        client_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to aiohttp.ClientSession, see
+            https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/client_reference.html
+            For example, ``{'auth': aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')}``
+        get_client: Callable[..., aiohttp.ClientSession]
+            A callable, which takes keyword arguments and constructs
+            an aiohttp.ClientSession. Its state will be managed by
+            the HTTPFileSystem class.
+        storage_options: key-value
+            Any other parameters passed on to requests
+        cache_type, cache_options: defaults used in open()
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, asynchronous=asynchronous, loop=loop, **storage_options)
+        self.block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+        self.simple_links = simple_links
+        self.same_schema = same_scheme
+        self.cache_type = cache_type
+        self.cache_options = cache_options
+        self.client_kwargs = client_kwargs or {}
+        self.get_client = get_client
+        self.encoded = encoded
+        self.kwargs = storage_options
+        self._session = None
+
+        # Clean caching-related parameters from `storage_options`
+        # before propagating them as `request_options` through `self.kwargs`.
+        # TODO: Maybe rename `self.kwargs` to `self.request_options` to make
+        #       it clearer.
+        request_options = copy(storage_options)
+        self.use_listings_cache = request_options.pop("use_listings_cache", False)
+        request_options.pop("listings_expiry_time", None)
+        request_options.pop("max_paths", None)
+        request_options.pop("skip_instance_cache", None)
+        self.kwargs = request_options
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "http"
+
+    def encode_url(self, url):
+        return yarl.URL(url, encoded=self.encoded)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def close_session(loop, session):
+        if loop is not None and loop.is_running():
+            try:
+                sync(loop, session.close, timeout=0.1)
+                return
+            except (TimeoutError, FSTimeoutError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+        connector = getattr(session, "_connector", None)
+        if connector is not None:
+            # close after loop is dead
+            connector._close()
+
+    async def set_session(self):
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._session = await self.get_client(loop=self.loop, **self.client_kwargs)
+            if not self.asynchronous:
+                weakref.finalize(self, self.close_session, self.loop, self._session)
+        return self._session
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """For HTTP, we always want to keep the full URL"""
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        # override, since _strip_protocol is different for URLs
+        par = super()._parent(path)
+        if len(par) > 7:  # "http://..."
+            return par
+        return ""
+
+    async def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        # ignoring URL-encoded arguments
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(url), **self.kwargs) as r:
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+
+            if "Content-Type" in r.headers:
+                mimetype = r.headers["Content-Type"].partition(";")[0]
+            else:
+                mimetype = None
+
+            if mimetype in ("text/html", None):
+                try:
+                    text = await r.text(errors="ignore")
+                    if self.simple_links:
+                        links = ex2.findall(text) + [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+                    else:
+                        links = [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    links = []  # binary, not HTML
+            else:
+                links = []
+
+        out = set()
+        parts = urlparse(url)
+        for l in links:
+            if isinstance(l, tuple):
+                l = l[1]
+            if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
+                # absolute URL on this server
+                l = f"{parts.scheme}://{parts.netloc}{l}"
+            if l.startswith("http"):
+                if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
+                    out.add(l)
+                elif l.replace("https", "http").startswith(
+                    url.replace("https", "http").rstrip("/") + "/"
+                ):
+                    # allowed to cross http <-> https
+                    out.add(l)
+            else:
+                if l not in ["..", "../"]:
+                    # Ignore FTP-like "parent"
+                    out.add("/".join([url.rstrip("/"), l.lstrip("/")]))
+        if not out and url.endswith("/"):
+            out = await self._ls_real(url.rstrip("/"), detail=False)
+        if detail:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": u,
+                    "size": None,
+                    "type": "directory" if u.endswith("/") else "file",
+                }
+                for u in out
+            ]
+        else:
+            return sorted(out)
+
+    async def _ls(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        if self.use_listings_cache and url in self.dircache:
+            out = self.dircache[url]
+        else:
+            out = await self._ls_real(url, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+            self.dircache[url] = out
+        return out
+
+    ls = sync_wrapper(_ls)
+
+    def _raise_not_found_for_status(self, response, url):
+        """
+        Raises FileNotFoundError for 404s, otherwise uses raise_for_status.
+        """
+        if response.status == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(url)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, url, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+
+        if start is not None or end is not None:
+            if start == end:
+                return b""
+            headers = kw.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+
+            headers["Range"] = await self._process_limits(url, start, end)
+            kw["headers"] = headers
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(url), **kw) as r:
+            out = await r.read()
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        return out
+
+    async def _get_file(
+        self, rpath, lpath, chunk_size=5 * 2**20, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs
+    ):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(rpath)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(rpath), **kw) as r:
+            try:
+                size = int(r.headers["content-length"])
+            except (ValueError, KeyError):
+                size = None
+
+            callback.set_size(size)
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, rpath)
+            if isfilelike(lpath):
+                outfile = lpath
+            else:
+                outfile = open(lpath, "wb")  # noqa: ASYNC230
+
+            try:
+                chunk = True
+                while chunk:
+                    chunk = await r.content.read(chunk_size)
+                    outfile.write(chunk)
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+            finally:
+                if not isfilelike(lpath):
+                    outfile.close()
+
+    async def _put_file(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        chunk_size=5 * 2**20,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        method="post",
+        mode="overwrite",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "overwrite":
+            raise NotImplementedError("Exclusive write")
+
+        async def gen_chunks():
+            # Support passing arbitrary file-like objects
+            # and use them instead of streams.
+            if isinstance(lpath, io.IOBase):
+                context = nullcontext(lpath)
+                use_seek = False  # might not support seeking
+            else:
+                context = open(lpath, "rb")  # noqa: ASYNC230
+                use_seek = True
+
+            with context as f:
+                if use_seek:
+                    callback.set_size(f.seek(0, 2))
+                    f.seek(0)
+                else:
+                    callback.set_size(getattr(f, "size", None))
+
+                chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+                while chunk:
+                    yield chunk
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+                    chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        method = method.lower()
+        if method not in ("post", "put"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"method has to be either 'post' or 'put', not: {method!r}"
+            )
+
+        meth = getattr(session, method)
+        async with meth(self.encode_url(rpath), data=gen_chunks(), **kw) as resp:
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(resp, rpath)
+
+    async def _exists(self, path, strict=False, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        try:
+            logger.debug(path)
+            session = await self.set_session()
+            r = await session.get(self.encode_url(path), **kw)
+            async with r:
+                if strict:
+                    self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, path)
+                return r.status < 400
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        except aiohttp.ClientError:
+            if strict:
+                raise
+            return False
+
+    async def _isfile(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return await self._exists(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=None,  # XXX: This differs from the base class.
+        cache_type=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a file-like object
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Full URL with protocol
+        mode: string
+            must be "rb"
+        block_size: int or None
+            Bytes to download in one request; use instance value if None. If
+            zero, will return a streaming Requests file-like instance.
+        kwargs: key-value
+            Any other parameters, passed to requests calls
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else self.block_size
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw["asynchronous"] = self.asynchronous
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        info = {}
+        size = size or info.update(self.info(path, **kwargs)) or info["size"]
+        session = sync(self.loop, self.set_session)
+        if block_size and size and info.get("partial", True):
+            return HTTPFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                session=session,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                mode=mode,
+                size=size,
+                cache_type=cache_type or self.cache_type,
+                cache_options=cache_options or self.cache_options,
+                loop=self.loop,
+                **kw,
+            )
+        else:
+            return HTTPStreamFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                loop=self.loop,
+                session=session,
+                **kw,
+            )
+
+    async def open_async(self, path, mode="rb", size=None, **kwargs):
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        if size is None:
+            try:
+                size = (await self._info(path, **kwargs))["size"]
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+        return AsyncStreamFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            loop=self.loop,
+            session=session,
+            size=size,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def ukey(self, url):
+        """Unique identifier; assume HTTP files are static, unchanging"""
+        return tokenize(url, self.kwargs, self.protocol)
+
+    async def _info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """Get info of URL
+
+        Tries to access location via HEAD, and then GET methods, but does
+        not fetch the data.
+
+        It is possible that the server does not supply any size information, in
+        which case size will be given as None (and certain operations on the
+        corresponding file will not work).
+        """
+        info = {}
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        for policy in ["head", "get"]:
+            try:
+                info.update(
+                    await _file_info(
+                        self.encode_url(url),
+                        size_policy=policy,
+                        session=session,
+                        **self.kwargs,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+                if info.get("size") is not None:
+                    break
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if policy == "get":
+                    # If get failed, then raise a FileNotFoundError
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(url) from exc
+                logger.debug("", exc_info=exc)
+
+        return {"name": url, "size": None, **info, "type": "file"}
+
+    async def _glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        This implementation is idntical to the one in AbstractFileSystem,
+        but "?" is not considered as a character for globbing, because it is
+        so common in URLs, often identifying the "query" part.
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+        import re
+
+        ends_with_slash = path.endswith("/")  # _strip_protocol strips trailing slash
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        append_slash_to_dirname = ends_with_slash or path.endswith(("/**", "/*"))
+        idx_star = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_brace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        min_idx = min(idx_star, idx_brace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            if await self._exists(path, **kwargs):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: await self._info(path, **kwargs)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:min_idx]:
+            min_idx = path[:min_idx].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: min_idx + 1]
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        if "**" in path:
+            if maxdepth is not None:
+                idx_double_stars = path.find("**")
+                depth_double_stars = path[idx_double_stars:].count("/") + 1
+                depth = depth - depth_double_stars + maxdepth
+            else:
+                depth = None
+
+        allpaths = await self._find(
+            root, maxdepth=depth, withdirs=True, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        pattern = glob_translate(path + ("/" if ends_with_slash else ""))
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern)
+
+        out = {
+            (
+                p.rstrip("/")
+                if not append_slash_to_dirname
+                and info["type"] == "directory"
+                and p.endswith("/")
+                else p
+            ): info
+            for p, info in sorted(allpaths.items())
+            if pattern.match(p.rstrip("/"))
+        }
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    async def _isdir(self, path):
+        # override, since all URLs are (also) files
+        try:
+            return bool(await self._ls(path))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return False
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Write bytes to a remote file over HTTP.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Target URL where the data should be written
+        value : bytes
+            Data to be written
+        mode : str
+            How to write to the file - 'overwrite' or 'append'
+        **kwargs : dict
+            Additional parameters to pass to the HTTP request
+        """
+        url = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {})
+        headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(value))
+
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        async with session.put(
+            self.encode_url(url), data=value, headers=headers, **kwargs
+        ) as r:
+            r.raise_for_status()
+
+
+class HTTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    A file-like object pointing to a remote HTTP(S) resource
+
+    Supports only reading, with read-ahead of a predetermined block-size.
+
+    In the case that the server does not supply the filesize, only reading of
+    the complete file in one go is supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Full URL of the remote resource, including the protocol
+    session: aiohttp.ClientSession or None
+        All calls will be made within this session, to avoid restarting
+        connections where the server allows this
+    block_size: int or None
+        The amount of read-ahead to do, in bytes. Default is 5MB, or the value
+        configured for the FileSystem creating this file
+    size: None or int
+        If given, this is the size of the file in bytes, and we don't attempt
+        to call the server to find the value.
+    kwargs: all other key-values are passed to requests calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        url,
+        session=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        mode="rb",
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        loop=None,
+        asynchronous=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        self.asynchronous = asynchronous
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=fs,
+            path=url,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """Read bytes from file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int
+            Read up to this many bytes. If negative, read all content to end of
+            file. If the server has not supplied the filesize, attempting to
+            read only part of the data will raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        if (
+            (length < 0 and self.loc == 0)  # explicit read all
+            # but not when the size is known and fits into a block anyways
+            and not (self.size is not None and self.size <= self.blocksize)
+        ):
+            self._fetch_all()
+        if self.size is None:
+            if length < 0:
+                self._fetch_all()
+        else:
+            length = min(self.size - self.loc, length)
+        return super().read(length)
+
+    async def async_fetch_all(self):
+        """Read whole file in one shot, without caching
+
+        This is only called when position is still at zero,
+        and read() is called without a byte-count.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch all for {self}")
+        if not isinstance(self.cache, AllBytes):
+            r = await self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs)
+            async with r:
+                r.raise_for_status()
+                out = await r.read()
+                self.cache = AllBytes(
+                    size=len(out), fetcher=None, blocksize=None, data=out
+                )
+                self.size = len(out)
+
+    _fetch_all = sync_wrapper(async_fetch_all)
+
+    def _parse_content_range(self, headers):
+        """Parse the Content-Range header"""
+        s = headers.get("Content-Range", "")
+        m = re.match(r"bytes (\d+-\d+|\*)/(\d+|\*)", s)
+        if not m:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        if m[1] == "*":
+            start = end = None
+        else:
+            start, end = [int(x) for x in m[1].split("-")]
+        total = None if m[2] == "*" else int(m[2])
+        return start, end, total
+
+    async def async_fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Download a block of data
+
+        The expectation is that the server returns only the requested bytes,
+        with HTTP code 206. If this is not the case, we first check the headers,
+        and then stream the output - if the data size is bigger than we
+        requested, an exception is raised.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug(f"{self.url} : {headers['Range']}")
+        r = await self.session.get(
+            self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs
+        )
+        async with r:
+            if r.status == 416:
+                # range request outside file
+                return b""
+            r.raise_for_status()
+
+            # If the server has handled the range request, it should reply
+            # with status 206 (partial content). But we'll guess that a suitable
+            # Content-Range header or a Content-Length no more than the
+            # requested range also mean we have got the desired range.
+            response_is_range = (
+                r.status == 206
+                or self._parse_content_range(r.headers)[0] == start
+                or int(r.headers.get("Content-Length", end + 1)) <= end - start
+            )
+
+            if response_is_range:
+                # partial content, as expected
+                out = await r.read()
+            elif start > 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The HTTP server doesn't appear to support range requests. "
+                    "Only reading this file from the beginning is supported. "
+                    "Open with block_size=0 for a streaming file interface."
+                )
+            else:
+                # Response is not a range, but we want the start of the file,
+                # so we can read the required amount anyway.
+                cl = 0
+                out = []
+                while True:
+                    chunk = await r.content.read(2**20)
+                    # data size unknown, let's read until we have enough
+                    if chunk:
+                        out.append(chunk)
+                        cl += len(chunk)
+                        if cl > end - start:
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        break
+                out = b"".join(out)[: end - start]
+            return out
+
+    _fetch_range = sync_wrapper(async_fetch_range)
+
+
+magic_check = re.compile("([*[])")
+
+
+def has_magic(s):
+    match = magic_check.search(s)
+    return match is not None
+
+
+class HTTPStreamFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, fs, url, mode="rb", loop=None, session=None, **kwargs):
+        self.asynchronous = kwargs.pop("asynchronous", False)
+        self.url = url
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.session = session
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="none", **kwargs)
+
+        async def cor():
+            r = await self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(url), **kwargs).__aenter__()
+            self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+            return r
+
+        self.r = sync(self.loop, cor)
+        self.loop = fs.loop
+
+    def seek(self, loc, whence=0):
+        if loc == 0 and whence == 1:
+            return
+        if loc == self.loc and whence == 0:
+            return
+        raise ValueError("Cannot seek streaming HTTP file")
+
+    async def _read(self, num=-1):
+        out = await self.r.content.read(num)
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    read = sync_wrapper(_read)
+
+    async def _close(self):
+        self.r.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self._close(), self.loop)
+        super().close()
+
+
+class AsyncStreamFile(AbstractAsyncStreamedFile):
+    def __init__(
+        self, fs, url, mode="rb", loop=None, session=None, size=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.r = None
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="none")
+        self.size = size
+
+    async def read(self, num=-1):
+        if self.r is None:
+            r = await self.session.get(
+                self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs
+            ).__aenter__()
+            self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, self.url)
+            self.r = r
+        out = await self.r.content.read(num)
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    async def close(self):
+        if self.r is not None:
+            self.r.close()
+            self.r = None
+        await super().close()
+
+
+async def get_range(session, url, start, end, file=None, **kwargs):
+    # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+    r = await session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    async with r:
+        out = await r.read()
+    if file:
+        with open(file, "r+b") as f:  # noqa: ASYNC230
+            f.seek(start)
+            f.write(out)
+    else:
+        return out
+
+
+async def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
+    """Call HEAD on the server to get details about the file (size/checksum etc.)
+
+    Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
+    'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+    head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
+    head["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"
+    kwargs["headers"] = head
+
+    info = {}
+    if size_policy == "head":
+        r = await session.head(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    elif size_policy == "get":
+        r = await session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
+    async with r:
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        if "Content-Length" in r.headers:
+            # Some servers may choose to ignore Accept-Encoding and return
+            # compressed content, in which case the returned size is unreliable.
+            if "Content-Encoding" not in r.headers or r.headers["Content-Encoding"] in [
+                "identity",
+                "",
+            ]:
+                info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Length"])
+        elif "Content-Range" in r.headers:
+            info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Range"].split("/")[1])
+
+        if "Content-Type" in r.headers:
+            info["mimetype"] = r.headers["Content-Type"].partition(";")[0]
+
+        if r.headers.get("Accept-Ranges") == "none":
+            # Some servers may explicitly discourage partial content requests, but
+            # the lack of "Accept-Ranges" does not always indicate they would fail
+            info["partial"] = False
+
+        info["url"] = str(r.url)
+
+        for checksum_field in ["ETag", "Content-MD5", "Digest", "Last-Modified"]:
+            if r.headers.get(checksum_field):
+                info[checksum_field] = r.headers[checksum_field]
+
+    return info
+
+
+async def _file_size(url, session=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    if session is None:
+        session = await get_client()
+    info = await _file_info(url, session=session, *args, **kwargs)
+    return info.get("size")
+
+
+file_size = sync_wrapper(_file_size)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a67ea3ea5fee9e6b51f7f3f66773e8cf65735e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+"""This file is largely copied from http.py"""
+
+import io
+import logging
+import re
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+from copy import copy
+from json import dumps, loads
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+try:
+    import yarl
+except (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, OSError):
+    yarl = False
+
+from fsspec.callbacks import _DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.registry import register_implementation
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, isfilelike, nullcontext, tokenize
+
+from ..caching import AllBytes
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15926317/3821154
+ex = re.compile(r"""<(a|A)\s+(?:[^>]*?\s+)?(href|HREF)=["'](?P<url>[^"']+)""")
+ex2 = re.compile(r"""(?P<url>http[s]?://[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_+.~#?&/=]+)""")
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.http")
+
+
+class JsHttpException(urllib.error.HTTPError): ...
+
+
+class StreamIO(io.BytesIO):
+    # fake class, so you can set attributes on it
+    # will eventually actually stream
+    ...
+
+
+class ResponseProxy:
+    """Looks like a requests response"""
+
+    def __init__(self, req, stream=False):
+        self.request = req
+        self.stream = stream
+        self._data = None
+        self._headers = None
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self):
+        if self._data is None:
+            b = self.request.response.to_bytes()
+            if self.stream:
+                self._data = StreamIO(b)
+            else:
+                self._data = b
+        return self._data
+
+    def close(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            del self._data
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        if self._headers is None:
+            self._headers = dict(
+                [
+                    _.split(": ")
+                    for _ in self.request.getAllResponseHeaders().strip().split("\r\n")
+                ]
+            )
+        return self._headers
+
+    @property
+    def status_code(self):
+        return int(self.request.status)
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        if not self.ok:
+            raise JsHttpException(
+                self.url, self.status_code, self.reason, self.headers, None
+            )
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunksize, *_, **__):
+        while True:
+            out = self.raw.read(chunksize)
+            if out:
+                yield out
+            else:
+                break
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self):
+        return self.request.statusText
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        return self.status_code < 400
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        return self.request.response.responseURL
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        # TODO: encoding from headers
+        return self.content.decode()
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        self.stream = False
+        return self.raw
+
+    def json(self):
+        return loads(self.text)
+
+
+class RequestsSessionShim:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.headers = {}
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        from js import Blob, XMLHttpRequest
+
+        logger.debug("JS request: %s %s", method, url)
+
+        if cert or verify or proxies or files or cookies or hooks:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if data and json:
+            raise ValueError("Use json= or data=, not both")
+        req = XMLHttpRequest.new()
+        extra = auth if auth else ()
+        if params:
+            url = f"{url}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}"
+        req.open(method, url, False, *extra)
+        if timeout:
+            req.timeout = timeout
+        if headers:
+            for k, v in headers.items():
+                req.setRequestHeader(k, v)
+
+        req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
+        req.responseType = "arraybuffer"
+        if json:
+            blob = Blob.new([dumps(data)], {type: "application/json"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        elif data:
+            if isinstance(data, io.IOBase):
+                data = data.read()
+            blob = Blob.new([data], {type: "application/octet-stream"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        else:
+            req.send(None)
+        return ResponseProxy(req, stream=stream)
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("POST}", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PUT", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Simple File-System for fetching data via HTTP(S)
+
+    This is the BLOCKING version of the normal HTTPFileSystem. It uses
+    requests in normal python and the JS runtime in pyodide.
+
+    ***This implementation is extremely experimental, do not use unless
+    you are testing pyodide/pyscript integration***
+    """
+
+    protocol = ("http", "https", "sync-http", "sync-https")
+    sep = "/"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        simple_links=True,
+        block_size=None,
+        same_scheme=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        client_kwargs=None,
+        encoded=False,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        block_size: int
+            Blocks to read bytes; if 0, will default to raw requests file-like
+            objects instead of HTTPFile instances
+        simple_links: bool
+            If True, will consider both HTML <a> tags and anything that looks
+            like a URL; if False, will consider only the former.
+        same_scheme: True
+            When doing ls/glob, if this is True, only consider paths that have
+            http/https matching the input URLs.
+        size_policy: this argument is deprecated
+        client_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to aiohttp.ClientSession, see
+            https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/client_reference.html
+            For example, ``{'auth': aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')}``
+        storage_options: key-value
+            Any other parameters passed on to requests
+        cache_type, cache_options: defaults used in open
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **storage_options)
+        self.block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+        self.simple_links = simple_links
+        self.same_schema = same_scheme
+        self.cache_type = cache_type
+        self.cache_options = cache_options
+        self.client_kwargs = client_kwargs or {}
+        self.encoded = encoded
+        self.kwargs = storage_options
+
+        try:
+            import js  # noqa: F401
+
+            logger.debug("Starting JS session")
+            self.session = RequestsSessionShim()
+            self.js = True
+        except Exception as e:
+            import requests
+
+            logger.debug("Starting cpython session because of: %s", e)
+            self.session = requests.Session(**(client_kwargs or {}))
+            self.js = False
+
+        request_options = copy(storage_options)
+        self.use_listings_cache = request_options.pop("use_listings_cache", False)
+        request_options.pop("listings_expiry_time", None)
+        request_options.pop("max_paths", None)
+        request_options.pop("skip_instance_cache", None)
+        self.kwargs = request_options
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "sync-http"
+
+    def encode_url(self, url):
+        if yarl:
+            return yarl.URL(url, encoded=self.encoded)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path: str) -> str:
+        """For HTTP, we always want to keep the full URL"""
+        path = path.replace("sync-http://", "http://").replace(
+            "sync-https://", "https://"
+        )
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        # override, since _strip_protocol is different for URLs
+        par = super()._parent(path)
+        if len(par) > 7:  # "http://..."
+            return par
+        return ""
+
+    def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        # ignoring URL-encoded arguments
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **self.kwargs)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        text = r.text
+        if self.simple_links:
+            links = ex2.findall(text) + [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        else:
+            links = [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        out = set()
+        parts = urlparse(url)
+        for l in links:
+            if isinstance(l, tuple):
+                l = l[1]
+            if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
+                # absolute URL on this server
+                l = parts.scheme + "://" + parts.netloc + l
+            if l.startswith("http"):
+                if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
+                    out.add(l)
+                elif l.replace("https", "http").startswith(
+                    url.replace("https", "http").rstrip("/") + "/"
+                ):
+                    # allowed to cross http <-> https
+                    out.add(l)
+            else:
+                if l not in ["..", "../"]:
+                    # Ignore FTP-like "parent"
+                    out.add("/".join([url.rstrip("/"), l.lstrip("/")]))
+        if not out and url.endswith("/"):
+            out = self._ls_real(url.rstrip("/"), detail=False)
+        if detail:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": u,
+                    "size": None,
+                    "type": "directory" if u.endswith("/") else "file",
+                }
+                for u in out
+            ]
+        else:
+            return sorted(out)
+
+    def ls(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        if self.use_listings_cache and url in self.dircache:
+            out = self.dircache[url]
+        else:
+            out = self._ls_real(url, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+            self.dircache[url] = out
+        return out
+
+    def _raise_not_found_for_status(self, response, url):
+        """
+        Raises FileNotFoundError for 404s, otherwise uses raise_for_status.
+        """
+        if response.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(url)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+    def cat_file(self, url, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+
+        if start is not None or end is not None:
+            if start == end:
+                return b""
+            headers = kw.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+
+            headers["Range"] = self._process_limits(url, start, end)
+            kw["headers"] = headers
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        return r.content
+
+    def get_file(
+        self, rpath, lpath, chunk_size=5 * 2**20, callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs
+    ):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(rpath)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(rpath), **kw)
+        try:
+            size = int(
+                r.headers.get("content-length", None)
+                or r.headers.get("Content-Length", None)
+            )
+        except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+            size = None
+
+        callback.set_size(size)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, rpath)
+        if not isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath = open(lpath, "wb")
+        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size, decode_unicode=False):
+            lpath.write(chunk)
+            callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+
+    def put_file(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        chunk_size=5 * 2**20,
+        callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        method="post",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        def gen_chunks():
+            # Support passing arbitrary file-like objects
+            # and use them instead of streams.
+            if isinstance(lpath, io.IOBase):
+                context = nullcontext(lpath)
+                use_seek = False  # might not support seeking
+            else:
+                context = open(lpath, "rb")
+                use_seek = True
+
+            with context as f:
+                if use_seek:
+                    callback.set_size(f.seek(0, 2))
+                    f.seek(0)
+                else:
+                    callback.set_size(getattr(f, "size", None))
+
+                chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+                while chunk:
+                    yield chunk
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+                    chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+
+        method = method.lower()
+        if method not in ("post", "put"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"method has to be either 'post' or 'put', not: {method!r}"
+            )
+
+        meth = getattr(self.session, method)
+        resp = meth(rpath, data=gen_chunks(), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(resp, rpath)
+
+    def _process_limits(self, url, start, end):
+        """Helper for "Range"-based _cat_file"""
+        size = None
+        suff = False
+        if start is not None and start < 0:
+            # if start is negative and end None, end is the "suffix length"
+            if end is None:
+                end = -start
+                start = ""
+                suff = True
+            else:
+                size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                start = size + start
+        elif start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if not suff:
+            if end is not None and end < 0:
+                if start is not None:
+                    size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                    end = size + end
+            elif end is None:
+                end = ""
+            if isinstance(end, int):
+                end -= 1  # bytes range is inclusive
+        return f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+
+    def exists(self, path, strict=False, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        try:
+            logger.debug(path)
+            r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(path), **kw)
+            if strict:
+                self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, path)
+            return r.status_code < 400
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            if strict:
+                raise
+            return False
+
+    def isfile(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.exists(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=None,  # XXX: This differs from the base class.
+        cache_type=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a file-like object
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Full URL with protocol
+        mode: string
+            must be "rb"
+        block_size: int or None
+            Bytes to download in one request; use instance value if None. If
+            zero, will return a streaming Requests file-like instance.
+        kwargs: key-value
+            Any other parameters, passed to requests calls
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else self.block_size
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        size = size or self.info(path, **kwargs)["size"]
+        if block_size and size:
+            return HTTPFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                session=self.session,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                mode=mode,
+                size=size,
+                cache_type=cache_type or self.cache_type,
+                cache_options=cache_options or self.cache_options,
+                **kw,
+            )
+        else:
+            return HTTPStreamFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                session=self.session,
+                **kw,
+            )
+
+    def ukey(self, url):
+        """Unique identifier; assume HTTP files are static, unchanging"""
+        return tokenize(url, self.kwargs, self.protocol)
+
+    def info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """Get info of URL
+
+        Tries to access location via HEAD, and then GET methods, but does
+        not fetch the data.
+
+        It is possible that the server does not supply any size information, in
+        which case size will be given as None (and certain operations on the
+        corresponding file will not work).
+        """
+        info = {}
+        for policy in ["head", "get"]:
+            try:
+                info.update(
+                    _file_info(
+                        self.encode_url(url),
+                        size_policy=policy,
+                        session=self.session,
+                        **self.kwargs,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+                if info.get("size") is not None:
+                    break
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if policy == "get":
+                    # If get failed, then raise a FileNotFoundError
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(url) from exc
+                logger.debug(str(exc))
+
+        return {"name": url, "size": None, **info, "type": "file"}
+
+    def glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        This implementation is idntical to the one in AbstractFileSystem,
+        but "?" is not considered as a character for globbing, because it is
+        so common in URLs, often identifying the "query" part.
+        """
+        import re
+
+        ends = path.endswith("/")
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        indstar = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        indbrace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        ind = min(indstar, indbrace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            root = path
+            depth = 1
+            if ends:
+                path += "/*"
+            elif self.exists(path):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: self.info(path)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:ind]:
+            ind2 = path[:ind].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: ind2 + 1]
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind2 + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        allpaths = self.find(
+            root, maxdepth=maxdepth or depth, withdirs=True, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+        # Escape characters special to python regex, leaving our supported
+        # special characters in place.
+        # See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Pattern-Matching.html
+        # for shell globbing details.
+        pattern = (
+            "^"
+            + (
+                path.replace("\\", r"\\")
+                .replace(".", r"\.")
+                .replace("+", r"\+")
+                .replace("//", "/")
+                .replace("(", r"\(")
+                .replace(")", r"\)")
+                .replace("|", r"\|")
+                .replace("^", r"\^")
+                .replace("$", r"\$")
+                .replace("{", r"\{")
+                .replace("}", r"\}")
+                .rstrip("/")
+            )
+            + "$"
+        )
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]{2}", "=PLACEHOLDER=", pattern)
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]", "[^/]*", pattern)
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern.replace("=PLACEHOLDER=", ".*"))
+        out = {
+            p: allpaths[p]
+            for p in sorted(allpaths)
+            if pattern.match(p.replace("//", "/").rstrip("/"))
+        }
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        # override, since all URLs are (also) files
+        try:
+            return bool(self.ls(path))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return False
+
+
+class HTTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    A file-like object pointing to a remove HTTP(S) resource
+
+    Supports only reading, with read-ahead of a predermined block-size.
+
+    In the case that the server does not supply the filesize, only reading of
+    the complete file in one go is supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Full URL of the remote resource, including the protocol
+    session: requests.Session or None
+        All calls will be made within this session, to avoid restarting
+        connections where the server allows this
+    block_size: int or None
+        The amount of read-ahead to do, in bytes. Default is 5MB, or the value
+        configured for the FileSystem creating this file
+    size: None or int
+        If given, this is the size of the file in bytes, and we don't attempt
+        to call the server to find the value.
+    kwargs: all other key-values are passed to requests calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        url,
+        session=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        mode="rb",
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=fs,
+            path=url,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """Read bytes from file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int
+            Read up to this many bytes. If negative, read all content to end of
+            file. If the server has not supplied the filesize, attempting to
+            read only part of the data will raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        if (
+            (length < 0 and self.loc == 0)  # explicit read all
+            # but not when the size is known and fits into a block anyways
+            and not (self.size is not None and self.size <= self.blocksize)
+        ):
+            self._fetch_all()
+        if self.size is None:
+            if length < 0:
+                self._fetch_all()
+        else:
+            length = min(self.size - self.loc, length)
+        return super().read(length)
+
+    def _fetch_all(self):
+        """Read whole file in one shot, without caching
+
+        This is only called when position is still at zero,
+        and read() is called without a byte-count.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch all for {self}")
+        if not isinstance(self.cache, AllBytes):
+            r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            out = r.content
+            self.cache = AllBytes(size=len(out), fetcher=None, blocksize=None, data=out)
+            self.size = len(out)
+
+    def _parse_content_range(self, headers):
+        """Parse the Content-Range header"""
+        s = headers.get("Content-Range", "")
+        m = re.match(r"bytes (\d+-\d+|\*)/(\d+|\*)", s)
+        if not m:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        if m[1] == "*":
+            start = end = None
+        else:
+            start, end = [int(x) for x in m[1].split("-")]
+        total = None if m[2] == "*" else int(m[2])
+        return start, end, total
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Download a block of data
+
+        The expectation is that the server returns only the requested bytes,
+        with HTTP code 206. If this is not the case, we first check the headers,
+        and then stream the output - if the data size is bigger than we
+        requested, an exception is raised.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug("%s : %s", self.url, headers["Range"])
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs)
+        if r.status_code == 416:
+            # range request outside file
+            return b""
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        # If the server has handled the range request, it should reply
+        # with status 206 (partial content). But we'll guess that a suitable
+        # Content-Range header or a Content-Length no more than the
+        # requested range also mean we have got the desired range.
+        cl = r.headers.get("Content-Length", r.headers.get("content-length", end + 1))
+        response_is_range = (
+            r.status_code == 206
+            or self._parse_content_range(r.headers)[0] == start
+            or int(cl) <= end - start
+        )
+
+        if response_is_range:
+            # partial content, as expected
+            out = r.content
+        elif start > 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The HTTP server doesn't appear to support range requests. "
+                "Only reading this file from the beginning is supported. "
+                "Open with block_size=0 for a streaming file interface."
+            )
+        else:
+            # Response is not a range, but we want the start of the file,
+            # so we can read the required amount anyway.
+            cl = 0
+            out = []
+            for chunk in r.iter_content(2**20, False):
+                out.append(chunk)
+                cl += len(chunk)
+            out = b"".join(out)[: end - start]
+        return out
+
+
+magic_check = re.compile("([*[])")
+
+
+def has_magic(s):
+    match = magic_check.search(s)
+    return match is not None
+
+
+class HTTPStreamFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, fs, url, mode="rb", session=None, **kwargs):
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="readahead", **kwargs)
+
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(url), stream=True, **kwargs)
+        self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        self.it = r.iter_content(1024, False)
+        self.leftover = b""
+
+        self.r = r
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise ValueError("Cannot seek streaming HTTP file")
+
+    def read(self, num=-1):
+        bufs = [self.leftover]
+        leng = len(self.leftover)
+        while leng < num or num < 0:
+            try:
+                out = self.it.__next__()
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+            if out:
+                bufs.append(out)
+            else:
+                break
+            leng += len(out)
+        out = b"".join(bufs)
+        if num >= 0:
+            self.leftover = out[num:]
+            out = out[:num]
+        else:
+            self.leftover = b""
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.r.close()
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+def get_range(session, url, start, end, **kwargs):
+    # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+    r = session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    return r.content
+
+
+def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
+    """Call HEAD on the server to get details about the file (size/checksum etc.)
+
+    Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
+    'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+    head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
+    # TODO: not allowed in JS
+    # head["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"
+    kwargs["headers"] = head
+
+    info = {}
+    if size_policy == "head":
+        r = session.head(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    elif size_policy == "get":
+        r = session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
+    r.raise_for_status()
+
+    # TODO:
+    #  recognise lack of 'Accept-Ranges',
+    #                 or 'Accept-Ranges': 'none' (not 'bytes')
+    #  to mean streaming only, no random access => return None
+    if "Content-Length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Length"])
+    elif "Content-Range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Range"].split("/")[1])
+    elif "content-length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-length"])
+    elif "content-range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-range"].split("/")[1])
+
+    for checksum_field in ["ETag", "Content-MD5", "Digest"]:
+        if r.headers.get(checksum_field):
+            info[checksum_field] = r.headers[checksum_field]
+
+    return info
+
+
+# importing this is enough to register it
+def register():
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync-http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync-https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+
+
+register()
+
+
+def unregister():
+    from fsspec.implementations.http import HTTPFileSystem
+
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5571ed56582170051f3b7cd903093eed4c65244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import base64
+import io
+import re
+
+import requests
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+class JupyterFileSystem(fsspec.AbstractFileSystem):
+    """View of the files as seen by a Jupyter server (notebook or lab)"""
+
+    protocol = ("jupyter", "jlab")
+
+    def __init__(self, url, tok=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        url : str
+            Base URL of the server, like "http://127.0.0.1:8888". May include
+            token in the string, which is given by the process when starting up
+        tok : str
+            If the token is obtained separately, can be given here
+        kwargs
+        """
+        if "?" in url:
+            if tok is None:
+                try:
+                    tok = re.findall("token=([a-z0-9]+)", url)[0]
+                except IndexError as e:
+                    raise ValueError("Could not determine token") from e
+            url = url.split("?", 1)[0]
+        self.url = url.rstrip("/") + "/api/contents"
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+        if tok:
+            self.session.headers["Authorization"] = f"token {tok}"
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        out = r.json()
+
+        if out["type"] == "directory":
+            out = out["content"]
+        else:
+            out = [out]
+        for o in out:
+            o["name"] = o.pop("path")
+            o.pop("content")
+            if o["type"] == "notebook":
+                o["type"] = "file"
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        out = r.json()
+        if out["format"] == "text":
+            # data should be binary
+            b = out["content"].encode()
+        else:
+            b = base64.b64decode(out["content"])
+        return b[start:end]
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        json = {
+            "name": path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1],
+            "path": path,
+            "size": len(value),
+            "content": base64.b64encode(value).decode(),
+            "format": "base64",
+            "type": "file",
+        }
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if create_parents and "/" in path:
+            self.mkdir(path.rsplit("/", 1)[0], True)
+        json = {
+            "name": path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1],
+            "path": path,
+            "size": None,
+            "content": None,
+            "type": "directory",
+        }
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        if path1 == path2:
+            return
+        self.session.patch(f"{self.url}/{path1}", json={"path": path2})
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.session.delete(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if mode == "rb":
+            data = self.cat_file(path)
+            return io.BytesIO(data)
+        else:
+            return SimpleFileWriter(self, path, mode="wb")
+
+
+class SimpleFileWriter(fsspec.spec.AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Never uploads a chunk until file is done
+
+        Not suitable for large files
+        """
+        if final is False:
+            return False
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        data = self.buffer.read()
+        self.fs.pipe_file(self.path, data)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f8e750002df72865d611b48022e6634f9572614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from ctypes import (
+    CFUNCTYPE,
+    POINTER,
+    c_int,
+    c_longlong,
+    c_void_p,
+    cast,
+    create_string_buffer,
+)
+
+import libarchive
+import libarchive.ffi as ffi
+
+from fsspec import open_files
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.memory import MemoryFile
+from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+
+# Libarchive requires seekable files or memory only for certain archive
+# types. However, since we read the directory first to cache the contents
+# and also allow random access to any file, the file-like object needs
+# to be seekable no matter what.
+
+# Seek call-backs (not provided in the libarchive python wrapper)
+SEEK_CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_longlong, c_int, c_void_p, c_longlong, c_int)
+read_set_seek_callback = ffi.ffi(
+    "read_set_seek_callback", [ffi.c_archive_p, SEEK_CALLBACK], c_int, ffi.check_int
+)
+new_api = hasattr(ffi, "NO_OPEN_CB")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def custom_reader(file, format_name="all", filter_name="all", block_size=ffi.page_size):
+    """Read an archive from a seekable file-like object.
+
+    The `file` object must support the standard `readinto` and 'seek' methods.
+    """
+    buf = create_string_buffer(block_size)
+    buf_p = cast(buf, c_void_p)
+
+    def read_func(archive_p, context, ptrptr):
+        # readinto the buffer, returns number of bytes read
+        length = file.readinto(buf)
+        # write the address of the buffer into the pointer
+        ptrptr = cast(ptrptr, POINTER(c_void_p))
+        ptrptr[0] = buf_p
+        # tell libarchive how much data was written into the buffer
+        return length
+
+    def seek_func(archive_p, context, offset, whence):
+        file.seek(offset, whence)
+        # tell libarchvie the current position
+        return file.tell()
+
+    read_cb = ffi.READ_CALLBACK(read_func)
+    seek_cb = SEEK_CALLBACK(seek_func)
+
+    if new_api:
+        open_cb = ffi.NO_OPEN_CB
+        close_cb = ffi.NO_CLOSE_CB
+    else:
+        open_cb = libarchive.read.OPEN_CALLBACK(ffi.VOID_CB)
+        close_cb = libarchive.read.CLOSE_CALLBACK(ffi.VOID_CB)
+
+    with libarchive.read.new_archive_read(format_name, filter_name) as archive_p:
+        read_set_seek_callback(archive_p, seek_cb)
+        ffi.read_open(archive_p, None, open_cb, read_cb, close_cb)
+        yield libarchive.read.ArchiveRead(archive_p)
+
+
+class LibArchiveFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Compressed archives as a file-system (read-only)
+
+    Supports the following formats:
+    tar, pax , cpio, ISO9660, zip, mtree, shar, ar, raw, xar, lha/lzh, rar
+    Microsoft CAB, 7-Zip, WARC
+
+    See the libarchive documentation for further restrictions.
+    https://www.libarchive.org/
+
+    Keeps file object open while instance lives. It only works in seekable
+    file-like objects. In case the filesystem does not support this kind of
+    file object, it is recommended to cache locally.
+
+    This class is pickleable, but not necessarily thread-safe (depends on the
+    platform). See libarchive documentation for details.
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "libarchive"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        mode="r",
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        block_size=DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo: str or file-like
+            Contains ZIP, and must exist. If a str, will fetch file using
+            :meth:`~fsspec.open_files`, which must return one file exactly.
+        mode: str
+            Currently, only 'r' accepted
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            If ``fo`` is a string, this value can be used to override the
+            FS protocol inferred from a URL
+        target_options: dict (optional)
+            Kwargs passed when instantiating the target FS, if ``fo`` is
+            a string.
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        if mode != "r":
+            raise ValueError("Only read from archive files accepted")
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            files = open_files(fo, protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {}))
+            if len(files) != 1:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'Path "{fo}" did not resolve to exactly one file: "{files}"'
+                )
+            fo = files[0]
+        self.of = fo
+        self.fo = fo.__enter__()  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _open_archive(self):
+        self.fo.seek(0)
+        with custom_reader(self.fo, block_size=self.block_size) as arc:
+            yield arc
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        # file paths are always relative to the archive root
+        return super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        fields = {
+            "name": "pathname",
+            "size": "size",
+            "created": "ctime",
+            "mode": "mode",
+            "uid": "uid",
+            "gid": "gid",
+            "mtime": "mtime",
+        }
+
+        if self.dir_cache is not None:
+            return
+
+        self.dir_cache = {}
+        list_names = []
+        with self._open_archive() as arc:
+            for entry in arc:
+                if not entry.isdir and not entry.isfile:
+                    # Skip symbolic links, fifo entries, etc.
+                    continue
+                self.dir_cache.update(
+                    {
+                        dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                        for dirname in self._all_dirnames(set(entry.name))
+                    }
+                )
+                f = {key: getattr(entry, fields[key]) for key in fields}
+                f["type"] = "directory" if entry.isdir else "file"
+                list_names.append(entry.name)
+
+                self.dir_cache[f["name"]] = f
+        # libarchive does not seem to return an entry for the directories (at least
+        # not in all formats), so get the directories names from the files names
+        self.dir_cache.update(
+            {
+                dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                for dirname in self._all_dirnames(list_names)
+            }
+        )
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        data = b""
+        with self._open_archive() as arc:
+            for entry in arc:
+                if entry.pathname != path:
+                    continue
+
+                if entry.size == 0:
+                    # empty file, so there are no blocks
+                    break
+
+                for block in entry.get_blocks(entry.size):
+                    data = block
+                    break
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError
+        return MemoryFile(fs=self, path=path, data=data)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b549b93e22c56fc67c00a3a87718999d2039d4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+import datetime
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import os.path as osp
+import shutil
+import stat
+import tempfile
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.core import get_compression
+from fsspec.utils import isfilelike, stringify_path
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.local")
+
+
+class LocalFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Interface to files on local storage
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    auto_mkdir: bool
+        Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+        be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+        code.
+    """
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+    protocol = "file", "local"
+    local_file = True
+
+    def __init__(self, auto_mkdir=False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "local"
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            os.mkdir(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.rmdir(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        path_info = self.info(path)
+        infos = []
+        if path_info["type"] == "directory":
+            with os.scandir(path) as it:
+                for f in it:
+                    try:
+                        # Only get the info if requested since it is a bit expensive (the stat call inside)
+                        # The strip_protocol is also used in info() and calls make_path_posix to always return posix paths
+                        info = self.info(f) if detail else self._strip_protocol(f.path)
+                        infos.append(info)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        pass
+        else:
+            infos = [path_info] if detail else [path_info["name"]]
+
+        return infos
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, os.DirEntry):
+            # scandir DirEntry
+            out = path.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = path.is_symlink()
+            if path.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif path.is_file(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+            size = out.st_size
+            if link:
+                try:
+                    out2 = path.stat(follow_symlinks=True)
+                    size = out2.st_size
+                except OSError:
+                    size = 0
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path.path)
+        else:
+            # str or path-like
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = stat.S_ISLNK(out.st_mode)
+            if link:
+                out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=True)
+            size = out.st_size
+            if stat.S_ISDIR(out.st_mode):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif stat.S_ISREG(out.st_mode):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+        # Check for the 'st_birthtime' attribute, which is not always present; fallback to st_ctime
+        created_time = getattr(out, "st_birthtime", out.st_ctime)
+
+        result = {
+            "name": path,
+            "size": size,
+            "type": t,
+            "created": created_time,
+            "islink": link,
+        }
+        for field in ["mode", "uid", "gid", "mtime", "ino", "nlink"]:
+            result[field] = getattr(out, f"st_{field}")
+        if link:
+            result["destination"] = os.readlink(path)
+        return result
+
+    def lexists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return osp.lexists(path)
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.isfile(path1):
+            shutil.copyfile(path1, path2)
+        elif self.isdir(path1):
+            self.mkdirs(path2, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path1)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def get_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        if isfilelike(path2):
+            with open(path1, "rb") as f:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(f, path2)
+        else:
+            return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive: bool = True, **kwargs):
+        """Move files/directories
+        For the specific case of local, all ops on directories are recursive and
+        the recursive= kwarg is ignored.
+        """
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+
+        shutil.move(path1, path2)
+
+    def link(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.link(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def symlink(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.symlink(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def islink(self, path) -> bool:
+        return os.path.islink(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        os.remove(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        if not isinstance(path, list):
+            path = [path]
+
+        for p in path:
+            p = self._strip_protocol(p)
+            if self.isdir(p):
+                if not recursive:
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete directory, set recursive=True")
+                if osp.abspath(p) == os.getcwd():
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete current working directory")
+                shutil.rmtree(p)
+            else:
+                os.remove(p)
+
+    def unstrip_protocol(self, name):
+        protocol = self.protocol if isinstance(self.protocol, str) else self.protocol[0]
+        name = self._strip_protocol(name)  # normalise for local/win/...
+        return f"{protocol}://{name}"
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir and "w" in mode:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        return LocalFileOpener(path, mode, fs=self, **kwargs)
+
+    def touch(self, path, truncate=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            os.utime(path, None)
+        else:
+            open(path, "a").close()
+        if truncate:
+            os.truncate(path, 0)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            info["created"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+        )
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info["mtime"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        path = cls._strip_protocol(path)
+        if os.sep == "/":
+            # posix native
+            return path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] or "/"
+        else:
+            # NT
+            path_ = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            if len(path_) <= 3:
+                if path_[1:2] == ":":
+                    # nt root (something like c:/)
+                    return path_[0] + ":/"
+            # More cases may be required here
+            return path_
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        protos = (cls.protocol,) if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol
+        prefixes = (protocol + sep for protocol in protos for sep in ("://", ":"))
+        for prefix in prefixes:
+            if path.startswith(prefix):
+                path = path.removeprefix(prefix)
+                break
+
+        path = make_path_posix(path)
+        if os.sep != "/":
+            # This code-path is a stripped down version of
+            # > drive, path = ntpath.splitdrive(path)
+            if path[1:2] == ":":
+                # Absolute drive-letter path, e.g. X:\Windows
+                # Relative path with drive, e.g. X:Windows
+                drive, path = path[:2], path[2:]
+            elif path[:2] == "//":
+                # UNC drives, e.g. \\server\share or \\?\UNC\server\share
+                # Device drives, e.g. \\.\device or \\?\device
+                if (index1 := path.find("/", 2)) == -1 or (
+                    index2 := path.find("/", index1 + 1)
+                ) == -1:
+                    drive, path = path, ""
+                else:
+                    drive, path = path[:index2], path[index2:]
+            else:
+                # Relative path, e.g. Windows
+                drive = ""
+
+            path = path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+            return drive + path
+
+        else:
+            return path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+
+    def _isfilestore(self):
+        # Inheriting from DaskFileSystem makes this False (S3, etc. were)
+        # the original motivation. But we are a posix-like file system.
+        # See https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/5526
+        return True
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mode):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        return os.chmod(path, mode)
+
+
+def make_path_posix(path):
+    """Make path generic and absolute for current OS"""
+    if not isinstance(path, str):
+        if isinstance(path, (list, set, tuple)):
+            return type(path)(make_path_posix(p) for p in path)
+        else:
+            path = stringify_path(path)
+            if not isinstance(path, str):
+                raise TypeError(f"could not convert {path!r} to string")
+    if os.sep == "/":
+        # Native posix
+        if path.startswith("/"):
+            # most common fast case for posix
+            return path
+        elif path.startswith("~"):
+            return osp.expanduser(path)
+        elif path.startswith("./"):
+            path = path[2:]
+        elif path == ".":
+            path = ""
+        return f"{os.getcwd()}/{path}"
+    else:
+        # NT handling
+        if path[0:1] == "/" and path[2:3] == ":":
+            # path is like "/c:/local/path"
+            path = path[1:]
+        if path[1:2] == ":":
+            # windows full path like "C:\\local\\path"
+            if len(path) <= 3:
+                # nt root (something like c:/)
+                return path[0] + ":/"
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return path
+        elif path[0:1] == "~":
+            return make_path_posix(osp.expanduser(path))
+        elif path.startswith(("\\\\", "//")):
+            # windows UNC/DFS-style paths
+            return "//" + path[2:].replace("\\", "/")
+        elif path.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+            # windows relative path with root
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return f"{osp.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[0]}{path}"
+        else:
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            if path.startswith("./"):
+                path = path[2:]
+            elif path == ".":
+                path = ""
+            return f"{make_path_posix(os.getcwd())}/{path}"
+
+
+def trailing_sep(path):
+    """Return True if the path ends with a path separator.
+
+    A forward slash is always considered a path separator, even on Operating
+    Systems that normally use a backslash.
+    """
+    # TODO: if all incoming paths were posix-compliant then separator would
+    # always be a forward slash, simplifying this function.
+    # See https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/pull/1250
+    return path.endswith(os.sep) or (os.altsep is not None and path.endswith(os.altsep))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_umask(mask: int = 0o666) -> int:
+    """Get the current umask.
+
+    Follows https://stackoverflow.com/a/44130549 to get the umask.
+    Temporarily sets the umask to the given value, and then resets it to the
+    original value.
+    """
+    value = os.umask(mask)
+    os.umask(value)
+    return value
+
+
+class LocalFileOpener(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self, path, mode, autocommit=True, fs=None, compression=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("open file: %s", path)
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.f = None
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+        self.blocksize = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.f is None or self.f.closed:
+            if self.autocommit or "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.f = open(self.path, mode=self.mode)
+                if self.compression:
+                    compress = compr[self.compression]
+                    self.f = compress(self.f, mode=self.mode)
+            else:
+                # TODO: check if path is writable?
+                i, name = tempfile.mkstemp()
+                os.close(i)  # we want normal open and normal buffered file
+                self.temp = name
+                self.f = open(name, mode=self.mode)
+            if "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.size = self.f.seek(0, 2)
+                self.f.seek(0)
+                self.f.size = self.size
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        # probably only used by cached FS
+        if "r" not in self.mode:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._open()
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.f = None
+        loc = state.pop("loc", None)
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "r" in state["mode"]:
+            self.f = None
+            self._open()
+            self.f.seek(loc)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        d = self.__dict__.copy()
+        d.pop("f")
+        if "r" in self.mode:
+            d["loc"] = self.f.tell()
+        else:
+            if not self.f.closed:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot serialise open write-mode local file")
+        return d
+
+    def commit(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Can only commit if not already set to autocommit")
+        try:
+            shutil.move(self.temp, self.path)
+        except PermissionError as e:
+            # shutil.move raises PermissionError if os.rename
+            # and the default copy2 fallback with shutil.copystats fail.
+            # The file should be there nonetheless, but without copied permissions.
+            # If it doesn't exist, there was no permission to create the file.
+            if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+                raise e
+        else:
+            # If PermissionError is not raised, permissions can be set.
+            try:
+                mask = 0o666
+                os.chmod(self.path, mask & ~get_umask(mask))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+
+    def discard(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot discard if set to autocommit")
+        os.remove(self.temp)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return "r" not in self.mode
+
+    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.read(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.write(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def tell(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.tell(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seek(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seekable(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readline(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readline(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readlines(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readlines(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def close(self):
+        return self.f.close()
+
+    def truncate(self, size=None) -> int:
+        return self.f.truncate(size)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        return self.f.closed
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.raw.fileno()
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        self.f.flush()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.f.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.f, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.f.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6b67bbc84e7aa625eee5609c20f6a893ddd349e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from errno import ENOTEMPTY
+from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import PurePath, PureWindowsPath
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import stringify_path
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.memoryfs")
+
+
+class MemoryFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A filesystem based on a dict of BytesIO objects
+
+    This is a global filesystem so instances of this class all point to the same
+    in memory filesystem.
+    """
+
+    store: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]] = {}  # global, do not overwrite!
+    pseudo_dirs = [""]  # global, do not overwrite!
+    protocol = "memory"
+    root_marker = "/"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        if isinstance(path, PurePath):
+            if isinstance(path, PureWindowsPath):
+                return LocalFileSystem._strip_protocol(path)
+            else:
+                path = stringify_path(path)
+
+        path = path.removeprefix("memory://")
+        if "::" in path or "://" in path:
+            return path.rstrip("/")
+        path = path.lstrip("/").rstrip("/")
+        return "/" + path if path else ""
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.store:
+            # there is a key with this exact name
+            if not detail:
+                return [path]
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": path,
+                    "size": self.store[path].size,
+                    "type": "file",
+                    "created": self.store[path].created.timestamp(),
+                }
+            ]
+        paths = set()
+        starter = path + "/"
+        out = []
+        for p2 in tuple(self.store):
+            if p2.startswith(starter):
+                if "/" not in p2[len(starter) :]:
+                    # exact child
+                    out.append(
+                        {
+                            "name": p2,
+                            "size": self.store[p2].size,
+                            "type": "file",
+                            "created": self.store[p2].created.timestamp(),
+                        }
+                    )
+                elif len(p2) > len(starter):
+                    # implied child directory
+                    ppath = starter + p2[len(starter) :].split("/", 1)[0]
+                    if ppath not in paths:
+                        out = out or []
+                        out.append(
+                            {
+                                "name": ppath,
+                                "size": 0,
+                                "type": "directory",
+                            }
+                        )
+                        paths.add(ppath)
+        for p2 in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            if p2.startswith(starter):
+                if "/" not in p2[len(starter) :]:
+                    # exact child pdir
+                    if p2 not in paths:
+                        out.append({"name": p2, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+                        paths.add(p2)
+                else:
+                    # directory implied by deeper pdir
+                    ppath = starter + p2[len(starter) :].split("/", 1)[0]
+                    if ppath not in paths:
+                        out.append({"name": ppath, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+                        paths.add(ppath)
+        if not out:
+            if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+                # empty dir
+                return []
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return sorted([f["name"] for f in out])
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.store or path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        if self._parent(path).strip("/") and self.isfile(self._parent(path)):
+            raise NotADirectoryError(self._parent(path))
+        if create_parents and self._parent(path).strip("/"):
+            try:
+                self.mkdir(self._parent(path), create_parents, **kwargs)
+            except FileExistsError:
+                pass
+        if path and path not in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            self.pseudo_dirs.append(path)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        try:
+            self.mkdir(path, create_parents=True)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            if not exist_ok:
+                raise
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """Set the bytes of given file
+
+        Avoids copies of the data if possible
+        """
+        mode = "xb" if mode == "create" else "wb"
+        self.open(path, mode=mode, data=value)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "":
+            # silently avoid deleting FS root
+            return
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            if not self.ls(path):
+                self.pseudo_dirs.remove(path)
+            else:
+                raise OSError(ENOTEMPTY, "Directory not empty", path)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("info: %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs or any(
+            p.startswith(path + "/") for p in list(self.store) + self.pseudo_dirs
+        ):
+            return {
+                "name": path,
+                "size": 0,
+                "type": "directory",
+            }
+        elif path in self.store:
+            filelike = self.store[path]
+            return {
+                "name": path,
+                "size": filelike.size,
+                "type": "file",
+                "created": getattr(filelike, "created", None),
+            }
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "x" in mode and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            raise IsADirectoryError(path)
+        parent = path
+        while len(parent) > 1:
+            parent = self._parent(parent)
+            if self.isfile(parent):
+                raise FileExistsError(parent)
+        if mode in ["rb", "ab", "r+b", "a+b"]:
+            if path in self.store:
+                f = self.store[path]
+                if "a" in mode:
+                    # position at the end of file
+                    f.seek(0, 2)
+                else:
+                    # position at the beginning of file
+                    f.seek(0)
+                return f
+            else:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        elif mode in {"wb", "w+b", "xb", "x+b"}:
+            if "x" in mode and self.exists(path):
+                raise FileExistsError
+            m = MemoryFile(self, path, kwargs.get("data"))
+            if not self._intrans:
+                m.commit()
+            return m
+        else:
+            name = self.__class__.__name__
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported file mode for {name}: {mode!r}")
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        if self.isfile(path1):
+            self.store[path2] = MemoryFile(
+                self, path2, self.store[path1].getvalue()
+            )  # implicit copy
+        elif self.isdir(path1):
+            if path2 not in self.pseudo_dirs:
+                self.pseudo_dirs.append(path2)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path1)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("cat: %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return bytes(self.store[path].getbuffer()[start:end])
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            del self.store[path]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return self.store[path].modified
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return self.store[path].created
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return path in self.store
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        else:
+            path = [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(paths):
+            if self.isfile(p):
+                self.rm_file(p)
+            # If the expanded path doesn't exist, it is only because the expanded
+            # path was a directory that does not exist in self.pseudo_dirs. This
+            # is possible if you directly create files without making the
+            # directories first.
+            elif not self.exists(p):
+                continue
+            else:
+                self.rmdir(p)
+
+
+class MemoryFile(BytesIO):
+    """A BytesIO which can't close and works as a context manager
+
+    Can initialise with data. Each path should only be active once at any moment.
+
+    No need to provide fs, path if auto-committing (default)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fs=None, path=None, data=None):
+        logger.debug("open file %s", path)
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.path = path
+        self.created = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        self.modified = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        if data:
+            super().__init__(data)
+            self.seek(0)
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.getbuffer().nbytes
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    def discard(self):
+        pass
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.store[self.path] = self
+        self.modified = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..562e76160dbf8b65b8bd9d38d6ffe082514e96bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1316 @@
+import base64
+import collections
+import io
+import itertools
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+
+import fsspec.core
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        import json
+
+from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.core import filesystem, open, split_protocol
+from fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper import AsyncFileSystemWrapper
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    isfilelike,
+    merge_offset_ranges,
+    other_paths,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.reference")
+
+
+class ReferenceNotReachable(RuntimeError):
+    def __init__(self, reference, target, *args):
+        super().__init__(*args)
+        self.reference = reference
+        self.target = target
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f'Reference "{self.reference}" failed to fetch target {self.target}'
+
+
+def _first(d):
+    return next(iter(d.values()))
+
+
+def _prot_in_references(path, references):
+    ref = references.get(path)
+    if isinstance(ref, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(ref[0], str):
+        return split_protocol(ref[0])[0] if ref[0] else ref[0]
+
+
+def _protocol_groups(paths, references):
+    if isinstance(paths, str):
+        return {_prot_in_references(paths, references): [paths]}
+    out = {}
+    for path in paths:
+        protocol = _prot_in_references(path, references)
+        out.setdefault(protocol, []).append(path)
+    return out
+
+
+class RefsValuesView(collections.abc.ValuesView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for val in self._mapping.zmetadata.values():
+            yield json.dumps(val).encode()
+        yield from self._mapping._items.values()
+        for field in self._mapping.listdir():
+            chunk_sizes = self._mapping._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+            if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+                yield self._mapping[field + "/0"]
+                continue
+            yield from self._mapping._generate_all_records(field)
+
+
+class RefsItemsView(collections.abc.ItemsView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return zip(self._mapping.keys(), self._mapping.values())
+
+
+def ravel_multi_index(idx, sizes):
+    val = 0
+    mult = 1
+    for i, s in zip(idx[::-1], sizes[::-1]):
+        val += i * mult
+        mult *= s
+    return val
+
+
+class LazyReferenceMapper(collections.abc.MutableMapping):
+    """This interface can be used to read/write references from Parquet stores.
+    It is not intended for other types of references.
+    It can be used with Kerchunk's MultiZarrToZarr method to combine
+    references into a parquet store.
+    Examples of this use-case can be found here:
+    https://fsspec.github.io/kerchunk/advanced.html?highlight=parquet#parquet-storage"""
+
+    # import is class level to prevent numpy dep requirement for fsspec
+    @property
+    def np(self):
+        import numpy as np
+
+        return np
+
+    @property
+    def pd(self):
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        return pd
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root,
+        fs=None,
+        out_root=None,
+        cache_size=128,
+        categorical_threshold=10,
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet", "pyarrow"] = "fastparquet",
+    ):
+        """
+
+        This instance will be writable, storing changes in memory until full partitions
+        are accumulated or .flush() is called.
+
+        To create an empty lazy store, use .create()
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root : str
+            Root of parquet store
+        fs : fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+            fsspec filesystem object, default is local filesystem.
+        cache_size : int, default=128
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+        categorical_threshold : int
+            Encode urls as pandas.Categorical to reduce memory footprint if the ratio
+            of the number of unique urls to total number of refs for each variable
+            is greater than or equal to this number. (default 10)
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet","pyarrow"]
+            Engine choice for reading parquet files. (default is "fastparquet")
+        """
+
+        self.root = root
+        self.chunk_sizes = {}
+        self.cat_thresh = categorical_threshold
+        self.engine = engine
+        self.cache_size = cache_size
+        self.url = self.root + "/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        # TODO: derive fs from `root`
+        self.fs = fsspec.filesystem("file") if fs is None else fs
+        self.out_root = self.fs.unstrip_protocol(out_root or self.root)
+
+        from importlib.util import find_spec
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow" and find_spec("pyarrow") is None:
+            raise ImportError("engine choice `pyarrow` is not installed.")
+
+        # Apply `lru_cache` decorator manually per instance.
+        # This way `self` reference is not held on class level.
+        # WARNING: However, this means that self and its members are not reflected
+        # in the cache key, so we expect they won't be mutated once a value is cached.
+        self.listdir = lru_cache()(self.listdir)
+        self._key_to_record = lru_cache(maxsize=4096)(self._key_to_record)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in ("_items", "record_size", "zmetadata"):
+            self.setup()
+            # avoid possible recursion if setup fails somehow
+            return self.__dict__[item]
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self._items = {}
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = self.fs.cat_file(
+            "/".join([self.root, ".zmetadata"])
+        )
+        met = json.loads(self._items[".zmetadata"])
+        self.record_size = met["record_size"]
+        self.zmetadata = met["metadata"]
+
+        # Define function to open and decompress refs
+        @lru_cache(maxsize=self.cache_size)
+        def open_refs(field, record):
+            """cached parquet file loader"""
+            path = self.url.format(field=field, record=record)
+            data = io.BytesIO(self.fs.cat_file(path))
+            try:
+                df = self.pd.read_parquet(data, engine=self.engine)
+                refs = {c: df[c].to_numpy() for c in df.columns}
+            except OSError:
+                refs = None
+            return refs
+
+        self.open_refs = open_refs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(root, storage_options=None, fs=None, record_size=10000, **kwargs):
+        """Make empty parquet reference set
+
+        First deletes the contents of the given directory, if it exists.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root: str
+            Directory to contain the output; will be created
+        storage_options: dict | None
+            For making the filesystem to use for writing is fs is None
+        fs: FileSystem | None
+            Filesystem for writing
+        record_size: int
+            Number of references per parquet file
+        kwargs: passed to __init__
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LazyReferenceMapper instance
+        """
+        met = {"metadata": {}, "record_size": record_size}
+        if fs is None:
+            fs, root = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(root, **(storage_options or {}))
+        if fs.exists(root):
+            fs.rm(root, recursive=True)
+        fs.makedirs(root, exist_ok=True)
+        fs.pipe("/".join([root, ".zmetadata"]), json.dumps(met).encode())
+        return LazyReferenceMapper(root, fs, **kwargs)
+
+    def listdir(self):
+        """List top-level directories"""
+        dirs = (p.rsplit("/", 1)[0] for p in self.zmetadata if not p.startswith(".z"))
+        return set(dirs)
+
+    def ls(self, path="", detail=True):
+        """Shortcut file listings"""
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        pathdash = path + "/" if path else ""
+        dirnames = self.listdir()
+        dirs = [
+            d
+            for d in dirnames
+            if d.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in d.lstrip(pathdash)
+        ]
+        if dirs:
+            others = {
+                f
+                for f in chain(
+                    [".zmetadata"],
+                    (name for name in self.zmetadata),
+                    (name for name in self._items),
+                )
+                if f.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in f.lstrip(pathdash)
+            }
+            if detail is False:
+                others.update(dirs)
+                return sorted(others)
+            dirinfo = [{"name": name, "type": "directory", "size": 0} for name in dirs]
+            fileinfo = [
+                {
+                    "name": name,
+                    "type": "file",
+                    "size": len(
+                        json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                        if name in self.zmetadata
+                        else self._items[name]
+                    ),
+                }
+                for name in others
+            ]
+            return sorted(dirinfo + fileinfo, key=lambda s: s["name"])
+        field = path
+        others = set(
+            [name for name in self.zmetadata if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+            + [name for name in self._items if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+        )
+        fileinfo = [
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "type": "file",
+                "size": len(
+                    json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                    if name in self.zmetadata
+                    else self._items[name]
+                ),
+            }
+            for name in others
+        ]
+        keys = self._keys_in_field(field)
+
+        if detail is False:
+            return list(others) + list(keys)
+        recs = self._generate_all_records(field)
+        recinfo = [
+            {"name": name, "type": "file", "size": rec[-1]}
+            for name, rec in zip(keys, recs)
+            if rec[0]  # filters out path==None, deleted/missing
+        ]
+        return fileinfo + recinfo
+
+    def _load_one_key(self, key):
+        """Get the reference for one key
+
+        Returns bytes, one-element list or three-element list.
+        """
+        if key in self._items:
+            return self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            return json.dumps(self.zmetadata[key]).encode()
+        elif "/" not in key or self._is_meta(key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        record, ri, chunk_size = self._key_to_record(key)
+        maybe = self._items.get((field, record), {}).get(ri, False)
+        if maybe is None:
+            # explicitly deleted
+            raise KeyError
+        elif maybe:
+            return maybe
+        elif chunk_size == 0:
+            return b""
+
+        # Chunk keys can be loaded from row group and cached in LRU cache
+        try:
+            refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, FileNotFoundError) as exc:
+            raise KeyError(key) from exc
+        columns = ["path", "offset", "size", "raw"]
+        selection = [refs[c][ri] if c in refs else None for c in columns]
+        raw = selection[-1]
+        if raw is not None:
+            return raw
+        if selection[0] is None:
+            raise KeyError("This reference does not exist or has been deleted")
+        if selection[1:3] == [0, 0]:
+            # URL only
+            return selection[:1]
+        # URL, offset, size
+        return selection[:3]
+
+    def _key_to_record(self, key):
+        """Details needed to construct a reference for one key"""
+        field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            return 0, 0, 0
+        chunk_idx = [int(c) for c in chunk.split(".")]
+        chunk_number = ravel_multi_index(chunk_idx, chunk_sizes)
+        record = chunk_number // self.record_size
+        ri = chunk_number % self.record_size
+        return record, ri, len(chunk_sizes)
+
+    def _get_chunk_sizes(self, field):
+        """The number of chunks along each axis for a given field"""
+        if field not in self.chunk_sizes:
+            zarray = self.zmetadata[f"{field}/.zarray"]
+            size_ratio = [
+                math.ceil(s / c) for s, c in zip(zarray["shape"], zarray["chunks"])
+            ]
+            self.chunk_sizes[field] = size_ratio or [1]
+        return self.chunk_sizes[field]
+
+    def _generate_record(self, field, record):
+        """The references for a given parquet file of a given field"""
+        refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        it = iter(zip(*refs.values()))
+        if len(refs) == 3:
+            # All urls
+            return (list(t) for t in it)
+        elif len(refs) == 1:
+            # All raws
+            return refs["raw"]
+        else:
+            # Mix of urls and raws
+            return (list(t[:3]) if not t[3] else t[3] for t in it)
+
+    def _generate_all_records(self, field):
+        """Load all the references within a field by iterating over the parquet files"""
+        nrec = 1
+        for ch in self._get_chunk_sizes(field):
+            nrec *= ch
+        nrec = math.ceil(nrec / self.record_size)
+        for record in range(nrec):
+            yield from self._generate_record(field, record)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return RefsValuesView(self)
+
+    def items(self):
+        return RefsItemsView(self)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._load_one_key(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+            field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+            record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+            subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+            subdict[i] = value
+            if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                self.write(field, record)
+        else:
+            # metadata or top-level
+            if hasattr(value, "to_bytes"):
+                val = value.to_bytes().decode()
+            elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+                val = value.decode()
+            else:
+                val = value
+            self._items[key] = val
+            new_value = json.loads(val)
+            self.zmetadata[key] = {**self.zmetadata.get(key, {}), **new_value}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_meta(key):
+        return key.startswith(".z") or "/.z" in key
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        if key in self._items:
+            del self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            del self.zmetadata[key]
+        else:
+            if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+                field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+                record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+                subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+                subdict[i] = None
+                if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                    self.write(field, record)
+            else:
+                # metadata or top-level
+                self._items[key] = None
+
+    def write(self, field, record, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        # extra requirements if writing
+        import kerchunk.df
+        import numpy as np
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        partition = self._items[(field, record)]
+        original = False
+        if len(partition) < self.record_size:
+            try:
+                original = self.open_refs(field, record)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+        if original:
+            paths = original["path"]
+            offsets = original["offset"]
+            sizes = original["size"]
+            raws = original["raw"]
+        else:
+            paths = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+            offsets = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            sizes = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            raws = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+        for j, data in partition.items():
+            if isinstance(data, list):
+                if (
+                    str(paths.dtype) == "category"
+                    and data[0] not in paths.dtype.categories
+                ):
+                    paths = paths.add_categories(data[0])
+                paths[j] = data[0]
+                if len(data) > 1:
+                    offsets[j] = data[1]
+                    sizes[j] = data[2]
+            elif data is None:
+                # delete
+                paths[j] = None
+                offsets[j] = 0
+                sizes[j] = 0
+                raws[j] = None
+            else:
+                # this is the only call into kerchunk, could remove
+                raws[j] = kerchunk.df._proc_raw(data)
+        # TODO: only save needed columns
+        df = pd.DataFrame(
+            {
+                "path": paths,
+                "offset": offsets,
+                "size": sizes,
+                "raw": raws,
+            },
+            copy=False,
+        )
+        if df.path.count() / (df.path.nunique() or 1) > self.cat_thresh:
+            df["path"] = df["path"].astype("category")
+        object_encoding = {"raw": "bytes", "path": "utf8"}
+        has_nulls = ["path", "raw"]
+
+        fn = f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        self.fs.mkdirs(f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}", exist_ok=True)
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {"write_statistics": False}
+        elif self.engine == "fastparquet":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {
+                "stats": False,
+                "object_encoding": object_encoding,
+                "has_nulls": has_nulls,
+            }
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{self.engine} not supported")
+        df.to_parquet(
+            fn,
+            engine=self.engine,
+            storage_options=storage_options
+            or getattr(self.fs, "storage_options", None),
+            compression="zstd",
+            index=False,
+            **df_backend_kwargs,
+        )
+
+        partition.clear()
+        self._items.pop((field, record))
+
+    def flush(self, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        """Output any modified or deleted keys
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        base_url: str
+            Location of the output
+        """
+
+        # write what we have so far and clear sub chunks
+        for thing in list(self._items):
+            if isinstance(thing, tuple):
+                field, record = thing
+                self.write(
+                    field,
+                    record,
+                    base_url=base_url,
+                    storage_options=storage_options,
+                )
+
+        # gather .zmetadata from self._items and write that too
+        for k in list(self._items):
+            if k != ".zmetadata" and ".z" in k:
+                self.zmetadata[k] = json.loads(self._items.pop(k))
+        met = {"metadata": self.zmetadata, "record_size": self.record_size}
+        self._items.clear()
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = json.dumps(met).encode()
+        self.fs.pipe(
+            "/".join([base_url or self.out_root, ".zmetadata"]),
+            self._items[".zmetadata"],
+        )
+
+        # TODO: only clear those that we wrote to?
+        self.open_refs.cache_clear()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        # Caveat: This counts expected references, not actual - but is fast
+        count = 0
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            if field.startswith("."):
+                count += 1
+            else:
+                count += math.prod(self._get_chunk_sizes(field))
+        count += len(self.zmetadata)  # all metadata keys
+        # any other files not in reference partitions
+        count += sum(1 for _ in self._items if not isinstance(_, tuple))
+        return count
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Caveat: returns only existing keys, so the number of these does not
+        #  match len(self)
+        metas = set(self.zmetadata)
+        metas.update(self._items)
+        for bit in metas:
+            if isinstance(bit, str):
+                yield bit
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            for k in self._keys_in_field(field):
+                if k in self:
+                    yield k
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        try:
+            self._load_one_key(item)
+            return True
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+    def _keys_in_field(self, field):
+        """List key names in given field
+
+        Produces strings like "field/x.y" appropriate from the chunking of the array
+        """
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            yield field + "/0"
+            return
+        inds = itertools.product(*(range(i) for i in chunk_sizes))
+        for ind in inds:
+            yield field + "/" + ".".join([str(c) for c in ind])
+
+
+class ReferenceFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """View byte ranges of some other file as a file system
+    Initial version: single file system target, which must support
+    async, and must allow start and end args in _cat_file. Later versions
+    may allow multiple arbitrary URLs for the targets.
+    This FileSystem is read-only. It is designed to be used with async
+    targets (for now). We do not get original file details from the target FS.
+    Configuration is by passing a dict of references at init, or a URL to
+    a JSON file containing the same; this dict
+    can also contain concrete data for some set of paths.
+    Reference dict format:
+    {path0: bytes_data, path1: (target_url, offset, size)}
+    https://github.com/fsspec/kerchunk/blob/main/README.md
+    """
+
+    protocol = "reference"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo,
+        target=None,
+        ref_storage_args=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        remote_protocol=None,
+        remote_options=None,
+        fs=None,
+        template_overrides=None,
+        simple_templates=True,
+        max_gap=64_000,
+        max_block=256_000_000,
+        cache_size=128,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo : dict or str
+            The set of references to use for this instance, with a structure as above.
+            If str referencing a JSON file, will use fsspec.open, in conjunction
+            with target_options and target_protocol to open and parse JSON at this
+            location. If a directory, then assume references are a set of parquet
+            files to be loaded lazily.
+        target : str
+            For any references having target_url as None, this is the default file
+            target to use
+        ref_storage_args : dict
+            If references is a str, use these kwargs for loading the JSON file.
+            Deprecated: use target_options instead.
+        target_protocol : str
+            Used for loading the reference file, if it is a path. If None, protocol
+            will be derived from the given path
+        target_options : dict
+            Extra FS options for loading the reference file ``fo``, if given as a path
+        remote_protocol : str
+            The protocol of the filesystem on which the references will be evaluated
+            (unless fs is provided). If not given, will be derived from the first
+            URL that has a protocol in the templates or in the references, in that
+            order.
+        remote_options : dict
+            kwargs to go with remote_protocol
+        fs : AbstractFileSystem | dict(str, (AbstractFileSystem | dict))
+            Directly provide a file system(s):
+                - a single filesystem instance
+                - a dict of protocol:filesystem, where each value is either a filesystem
+                  instance, or a dict of kwargs that can be used to create in
+                  instance for the given protocol
+
+            If this is given, remote_options and remote_protocol are ignored.
+        template_overrides : dict
+            Swap out any templates in the references file with these - useful for
+            testing.
+        simple_templates: bool
+            Whether templates can be processed with simple replace (True) or if
+            jinja  is needed (False, much slower). All reference sets produced by
+            ``kerchunk`` are simple in this sense, but the spec allows for complex.
+        max_gap, max_block: int
+            For merging multiple concurrent requests to the same remote file.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when their
+            inter-range gap is <= ``max_gap``. Default is 64KB. Set to 0
+            to only merge when it requires no extra bytes. Pass a negative
+            number to disable merging, appropriate for local target files.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when the size of
+            the aggregated range is <= ``max_block``. Default is 256MB.
+        cache_size : int
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+            Only used for lazily loaded references.
+        kwargs : passed to parent class
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.target = target
+        self.template_overrides = template_overrides
+        self.simple_templates = simple_templates
+        self.templates = {}
+        self.fss = {}
+        self._dircache = {}
+        self.max_gap = max_gap
+        self.max_block = max_block
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            dic = dict(
+                **(ref_storage_args or target_options or {}), protocol=target_protocol
+            )
+            ref_fs, fo2 = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(fo, **dic)
+            if ".json" not in fo2 and (
+                fo.endswith(("parq", "parquet", "/")) or ref_fs.isdir(fo2)
+            ):
+                # Lazy parquet refs
+                logger.info("Open lazy reference dict from URL %s", fo)
+                self.references = LazyReferenceMapper(
+                    fo2,
+                    fs=ref_fs,
+                    cache_size=cache_size,
+                )
+            else:
+                # text JSON
+                with fsspec.open(fo, "rb", **dic) as f:
+                    logger.info("Read reference from URL %s", fo)
+                    text = json.load(f)
+                self._process_references(text, template_overrides)
+        else:
+            # dictionaries
+            self._process_references(fo, template_overrides)
+        if isinstance(fs, dict):
+            self.fss = {
+                k: (
+                    fsspec.filesystem(k.split(":", 1)[0], **opts)
+                    if isinstance(opts, dict)
+                    else opts
+                )
+                for k, opts in fs.items()
+            }
+            if None not in self.fss:
+                self.fss[None] = filesystem("file")
+            return
+        if fs is not None:
+            # single remote FS
+            remote_protocol = (
+                fs.protocol[0] if isinstance(fs.protocol, tuple) else fs.protocol
+            )
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from any templates
+            for ref in self.templates.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref)
+                if protocol and protocol not in self.fss:
+                    fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                    self.fss[protocol] = fs
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from references
+            # TODO: warning here, since this can be very expensive?
+            for ref in self.references.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                if isinstance(ref, list) and ref[0]:
+                    protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref[0])
+                    if protocol not in self.fss:
+                        fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                        self.fss[protocol] = fs
+                        # only use first remote URL
+                        break
+
+        if remote_protocol and remote_protocol not in self.fss:
+            fs = filesystem(remote_protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        self.fss[None] = fs or filesystem("file")  # default one
+        # Wrap any non-async filesystems to ensure async methods are available below
+        for k, f in self.fss.items():
+            if not f.async_impl:
+                self.fss[k] = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(f, asynchronous=self.asynchronous)
+            elif self.asynchronous ^ f.asynchronous:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same value "
+                    "of asynchronous"
+                )
+
+    def _cat_common(self, path, start=None, end=None):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug(f"cat: {path}")
+        try:
+            part = self.references[path]
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        if isinstance(part, str):
+            part = part.encode()
+        if hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+            part = part.to_bytes()
+        if isinstance(part, bytes):
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, type bytes")
+            if part.startswith(b"base64:"):
+                part = base64.b64decode(part[7:])
+            return part, None, None
+
+        if len(part) == 1:
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, whole file => {part}")
+            url = part[0]
+            start1, end1 = start, end
+        else:
+            url, start0, size = part
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path} => {url}, offset {start0}, size {size}")
+            end0 = start0 + size
+
+            if start is not None:
+                if start >= 0:
+                    start1 = start0 + start
+                else:
+                    start1 = end0 + start
+            else:
+                start1 = start0
+            if end is not None:
+                if end >= 0:
+                    end1 = start0 + end
+                else:
+                    end1 = end0 + end
+            else:
+                end1 = end0
+        if url is None:
+            url = self.target
+        return url, start1, end1
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return await self.fss[protocol]._cat_file(
+                part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return self.fss[protocol].cat_file(part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
+        """Temporarily add binary data or reference as a file"""
+        self.references[path] = value
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = await self._cat_file(rpath)
+        with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(data)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = self.cat_file(rpath, **kwargs)
+        callback.set_size(len(data))
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath.write(data)
+        else:
+            with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        callback.absolute_update(len(data))
+
+    def get(self, rpath, lpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        if recursive:
+            # trigger directory build
+            self.ls("")
+        rpath = self.expand_path(rpath, recursive=recursive)
+        fs = fsspec.filesystem("file", auto_mkdir=True)
+        targets = other_paths(rpath, lpath)
+        if recursive:
+            data = self.cat([r for r in rpath if not self.isdir(r)])
+        else:
+            data = self.cat(rpath)
+        for remote, local in zip(rpath, targets):
+            if remote in data:
+                fs.pipe_file(local, data[remote])
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str) and recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if isinstance(path, list) and (recursive or any("*" in p for p in path)):
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        # TODO: if references is lazy, pre-fetch all paths in batch before access
+        proto_dict = _protocol_groups(path, self.references)
+        out = {}
+        for proto, paths in proto_dict.items():
+            fs = self.fss[proto]
+            urls, starts, ends, valid_paths = [], [], [], []
+            for p in paths:
+                # find references or label not-found. Early exit if any not
+                # found and on_error is "raise"
+                try:
+                    u, s, e = self._cat_common(p)
+                    if not isinstance(u, (bytes, str)):
+                        # nan/None from parquet
+                        continue
+                except FileNotFoundError as err:
+                    if on_error == "raise":
+                        raise
+                    if on_error != "omit":
+                        out[p] = err
+                else:
+                    urls.append(u)
+                    starts.append(s)
+                    ends.append(e)
+                    valid_paths.append(p)
+
+            # process references into form for merging
+            urls2 = []
+            starts2 = []
+            ends2 = []
+            paths2 = []
+            whole_files = set()
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if isinstance(u, bytes):
+                    # data
+                    out[p] = u
+                elif s is None:
+                    # whole file - limits are None, None, but no further
+                    # entries take for this file
+                    whole_files.add(u)
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                # second run to account for files that are to be loaded whole
+                if s is not None and u not in whole_files:
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+
+            # merge and fetch consolidated ranges
+            new_paths, new_starts, new_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+                list(urls2),
+                list(starts2),
+                list(ends2),
+                sort=True,
+                max_gap=self.max_gap,
+                max_block=self.max_block,
+            )
+            bytes_out = fs.cat_ranges(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends)
+
+            # unbundle from merged bytes - simple approach
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if p in out:
+                    continue  # was bytes, already handled
+                for np, ns, ne, b in zip(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends, bytes_out):
+                    if np == u and (ns is None or ne is None):
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s:e]
+                    elif np == u and s >= ns and e <= ne:
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s - ns : (e - ne) or None]
+
+        for k, v in out.copy().items():
+            # these were valid references, but fetch failed, so transform exc
+            if isinstance(v, Exception) and k in self.references:
+                ex = out[k]
+                new_ex = ReferenceNotReachable(k, self.references[k])
+                new_ex.__cause__ = ex
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise new_ex
+                elif on_error != "omit":
+                    out[k] = new_ex
+
+        if len(out) == 1 and isinstance(path, str) and "*" not in path:
+            return _first(out)
+        return out
+
+    def _process_references(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        vers = references.get("version", None)
+        if vers is None:
+            self._process_references0(references)
+        elif vers == 1:
+            self._process_references1(references, template_overrides=template_overrides)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown reference spec version: {vers}")
+        # TODO: we make dircache by iterating over all entries, but for Spec >= 1,
+        #  can replace with programmatic. Is it even needed for mapper interface?
+
+    def _process_references0(self, references):
+        """Make reference dict for Spec Version 0"""
+        if isinstance(references, dict):
+            # do not do this for lazy/parquet backend, which will not make dicts,
+            # but must remain writable in the original object
+            references = {
+                key: json.dumps(val) if isinstance(val, dict) else val
+                for key, val in references.items()
+            }
+        self.references = references
+
+    def _process_references1(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        if not self.simple_templates or self.templates:
+            import jinja2
+        self.references = {}
+        self._process_templates(references.get("templates", {}))
+
+        @lru_cache(1000)
+        def _render_jinja(u):
+            return jinja2.Template(u).render(**self.templates)
+
+        for k, v in references.get("refs", {}).items():
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                if v.startswith("base64:"):
+                    self.references[k] = base64.b64decode(v[7:])
+                self.references[k] = v
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                self.references[k] = json.dumps(v)
+            elif self.templates:
+                u = v[0]
+                if "{{" in u:
+                    if self.simple_templates:
+                        u = (
+                            u.replace("{{", "{")
+                            .replace("}}", "}")
+                            .format(**self.templates)
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        u = _render_jinja(u)
+                self.references[k] = [u] if len(v) == 1 else [u, v[1], v[2]]
+            else:
+                self.references[k] = v
+        self.references.update(self._process_gen(references.get("gen", [])))
+
+    def _process_templates(self, tmp):
+        self.templates = {}
+        if self.template_overrides is not None:
+            tmp.update(self.template_overrides)
+        for k, v in tmp.items():
+            if "{{" in v:
+                import jinja2
+
+                self.templates[k] = lambda temp=v, **kwargs: jinja2.Template(
+                    temp
+                ).render(**kwargs)
+            else:
+                self.templates[k] = v
+
+    def _process_gen(self, gens):
+        out = {}
+        for gen in gens:
+            dimension = {
+                k: (
+                    v
+                    if isinstance(v, list)
+                    else range(v.get("start", 0), v["stop"], v.get("step", 1))
+                )
+                for k, v in gen["dimensions"].items()
+            }
+            products = (
+                dict(zip(dimension.keys(), values))
+                for values in itertools.product(*dimension.values())
+            )
+            for pr in products:
+                import jinja2
+
+                key = jinja2.Template(gen["key"]).render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                url = jinja2.Template(gen["url"]).render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                if ("offset" in gen) and ("length" in gen):
+                    offset = int(
+                        jinja2.Template(gen["offset"]).render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    length = int(
+                        jinja2.Template(gen["length"]).render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    out[key] = [url, offset, length]
+                elif ("offset" in gen) ^ ("length" in gen):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Both 'offset' and 'length' are required for a "
+                        "reference generator entry if either is provided."
+                    )
+                else:
+                    out[key] = [url]
+        return out
+
+    def _dircache_from_items(self):
+        self.dircache = {"": []}
+        it = self.references.items()
+        for path, part in it:
+            if isinstance(part, (bytes, str)) or hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+                size = len(part)
+            elif len(part) == 1:
+                size = None
+            else:
+                _, _, size = part
+            par = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] if "/" in path else ""
+            par0 = par
+            subdirs = [par0]
+            while par0 and par0 not in self.dircache:
+                # collect parent directories
+                par0 = self._parent(par0)
+                subdirs.append(par0)
+
+            subdirs.reverse()
+            for parent, child in zip(subdirs, subdirs[1:]):
+                # register newly discovered directories
+                assert child not in self.dircache
+                assert parent in self.dircache
+                self.dircache[parent].append(
+                    {"name": child, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+                )
+                self.dircache[child] = []
+
+            self.dircache[par].append({"name": path, "type": "file", "size": size})
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, cache_options=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path)
+        # This logic is kept outside `ReferenceFile` to avoid unnecessary redirection.
+        # That does mean `_cat_common` gets called twice if it eventually reaches `ReferenceFile`.
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return io.BytesIO(part_or_url[start0:end0])
+
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        if start0 is None and end0 is None:
+            return self.fss[protocol]._open(
+                part_or_url,
+                mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return ReferenceFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("list %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            try:
+                return self.references.ls(path, detail)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"'{path}' is not a known key")
+        if not self.dircache:
+            self._dircache_from_items()
+        out = self._ls_from_cache(path)
+        if out is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return self.isdir(path) or self.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        if self.dircache:
+            return path in self.dircache
+        elif isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            return path in self.references.listdir()
+        else:
+            # this may be faster than building dircache for single calls, but
+            # by looping will be slow for many calls; could cache it?
+            return any(_.startswith(f"{path}/") for _ in self.references)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return path in self.references
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.ls(path, detail, **kwargs)
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if withdirs:
+            return super().find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=detail, **kwargs
+            )
+        if path:
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            r = sorted(k for k in self.references if k.startswith(path))
+        else:
+            r = sorted(self.references)
+        if detail:
+            if not self.dircache:
+                self._dircache_from_items()
+            return {k: self._ls_from_cache(k)[0] for k in r}
+        else:
+            return r
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        out = self.references.get(path)
+        if out is not None:
+            if isinstance(out, (str, bytes)):
+                # decode base64 here
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": len(out)}
+            elif len(out) > 1:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": out[2]}
+            else:
+                out0 = [{"name": path, "type": "file", "size": None}]
+        else:
+            out = self.ls(path, True)
+            out0 = [o for o in out if o["name"] == path]
+            if not out0:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+        if out0[0]["size"] is None:
+            # if this is a whole remote file, update size using remote FS
+            prot, _ = split_protocol(self.references[path][0])
+            out0[0]["size"] = self.fss[prot].size(self.references[path][0])
+        return out0[0]
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.info(path)
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self.references.pop(
+            path, None
+        )  # ignores FileNotFound, just as well for directories
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, data, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        # can be str or bytes
+        self.references[path] = data
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        # puts binary
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(rpath):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        with open(lpath, "rb") as f:
+            self.references[rpath] = f.read()
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    def save_json(self, url, **storage_options):
+        """Write modified references into new location"""
+        out = {}
+        for k, v in self.references.items():
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                try:
+                    out[k] = v.decode("ascii")
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    out[k] = (b"base64:" + base64.b64encode(v)).decode()
+            else:
+                out[k] = v
+        with fsspec.open(url, "wb", **storage_options) as f:
+            f.write(json.dumps({"version": 1, "refs": out}).encode())
+
+
+class ReferenceFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            size=size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        part_or_url, self.start, self.end = self.fs._cat_common(self.path)
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        self.src_fs = self.fs.fss[protocol]
+        self.src_path = part_or_url
+        self._f = None
+
+    @property
+    def f(self):
+        if self._f is None or self._f.closed:
+            self._f = self.src_fs._open(
+                self.src_path,
+                mode=self.mode,
+                block_size=self.blocksize,
+                autocommit=self.autocommit,
+                cache_type="none",
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+        return self._f
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+        return super().close()
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        start = start + self.start
+        end = min(end + self.start, self.end)
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c347963d692d50390b131225a56477b328f7a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import types
+import uuid
+from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+import paramiko
+
+from .. import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.sftp")
+
+
+class SFTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Files over SFTP/SSH
+
+    Peer-to-peer filesystem over SSH using paramiko.
+
+    Note: if using this with the ``open`` or ``open_files``, with full URLs,
+    there is no way to tell if a path is relative, so all paths are assumed
+    to be absolute.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "sftp", "ssh"
+
+    def __init__(self, host, **ssh_kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Hostname or IP as a string
+        temppath: str
+            Location on the server to put files, when within a transaction
+        ssh_kwargs: dict
+            Parameters passed on to connection. See details in
+            https://docs.paramiko.org/en/3.3/api/client.html#paramiko.client.SSHClient.connect
+            May include port, username, password...
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            return
+        super().__init__(**ssh_kwargs)
+        self.temppath = ssh_kwargs.pop("temppath", "/tmp")  # remote temp directory
+        self.host = host
+        self.ssh_kwargs = ssh_kwargs
+        self._connect()
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        logger.debug("Connecting to SFTP server %s", self.host)
+        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
+        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
+        self.client.connect(self.host, **self.ssh_kwargs)
+        self.ftp = self.client.open_sftp()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, mode=511):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Creating folder %s", path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(f"File exists: {path}")
+
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.mkdir(path, mode)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False, mode=511):
+        if self.exists(path) and not exist_ok:
+            raise FileExistsError(f"File exists: {path}")
+
+        parts = path.split("/")
+        new_path = "/" if path[:1] == "/" else ""
+
+        for part in parts:
+            if part:
+                new_path = f"{new_path}/{part}" if new_path else part
+                if not self.exists(new_path):
+                    self.ftp.mkdir(new_path, mode)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Removing folder %s", path)
+        self.ftp.rmdir(path)
+
+    def info(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        stat = self._decode_stat(self.ftp.stat(path))
+        stat["name"] = path
+        return stat
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decode_stat(stat, parent_path=None):
+        if S_ISDIR(stat.st_mode):
+            t = "directory"
+        elif S_ISLNK(stat.st_mode):
+            t = "link"
+        else:
+            t = "file"
+        out = {
+            "name": "",
+            "size": stat.st_size,
+            "type": t,
+            "uid": stat.st_uid,
+            "gid": stat.st_gid,
+            "time": datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                stat.st_atime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+            "mtime": datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                stat.st_mtime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+        }
+        if parent_path:
+            out["name"] = "/".join([parent_path.rstrip("/"), stat.filename])
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Listing folder %s", path)
+        stats = [self._decode_stat(stat, path) for stat in self.ftp.listdir_iter(path)]
+        if detail:
+            return stats
+        else:
+            paths = [stat["name"] for stat in stats]
+            return sorted(paths)
+
+    def put_file(self, lpath, rpath, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        self.mkdirs(self._parent(os.fspath(rpath)), exist_ok=True)
+        logger.debug("Put file %s into %s", lpath, rpath)
+        self.ftp.put(lpath, rpath)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.get(self._strip_protocol(rpath), lpath)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        block_size: int or None
+            If 0, no buffering, if 1, line buffering, if >1, buffer that many
+            bytes, if None use default from paramiko.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Opening file %s", path)
+        if kwargs.get("autocommit", True) is False:
+            # writes to temporary file, move on commit
+            path2 = "/".join([self.temppath, str(uuid.uuid4())])
+            f = self.ftp.open(path2, mode, bufsize=block_size if block_size else -1)
+            f.temppath = path2
+            f.targetpath = path
+            f.fs = self
+            f.commit = types.MethodType(commit_a_file, f)
+            f.discard = types.MethodType(discard_a_file, f)
+        else:
+            f = self.ftp.open(path, mode, bufsize=block_size if block_size else -1)
+        return f
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        if self.isdir(path):
+            self.ftp.rmdir(path)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.remove(path)
+
+    def mv(self, old, new):
+        new = self._strip_protocol(new)
+        old = self._strip_protocol(old)
+        logger.debug("Renaming %s into %s", old, new)
+        self.ftp.posix_rename(old, new)
+
+
+def commit_a_file(self):
+    self.fs.mv(self.temppath, self.targetpath)
+
+
+def discard_a_file(self):
+    self.fs._rm(self.temppath)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db6b3f5c3702de90cf121ccca49f3ca2b580df9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+"""
+This module contains SMBFileSystem class responsible for handling access to
+Windows Samba network shares by using package smbprotocol
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import re
+import uuid
+from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+import smbclient
+import smbprotocol.exceptions
+
+from .. import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+
+# ! pylint: disable=bad-continuation
+
+
+class SMBFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Allow reading and writing to Windows and Samba network shares.
+
+    When using `fsspec.open()` for getting a file-like object the URI
+    should be specified as this format:
+    ``smb://workgroup;user:password@server:port/share/folder/file.csv``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> import fsspec
+        >>> with fsspec.open(
+        ...     'smb://myuser:mypassword@myserver.com/' 'share/folder/file.csv'
+        ... ) as smbfile:
+        ...     df = pd.read_csv(smbfile, sep='|', header=None)
+
+    Note that you need to pass in a valid hostname or IP address for the host
+    component of the URL. Do not use the Windows/NetBIOS machine name for the
+    host component.
+
+    The first component of the path in the URL points to the name of the shared
+    folder. Subsequent path components will point to the directory/folder/file.
+
+    The URL components ``workgroup`` , ``user``, ``password`` and ``port`` may be
+    optional.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        For working this source require `smbprotocol`_ to be installed, e.g.::
+
+            $ pip install smbprotocol
+            # or
+            # pip install smbprotocol[kerberos]
+
+    .. _smbprotocol: https://github.com/jborean93/smbprotocol#requirements
+
+    Note: if using this with the ``open`` or ``open_files``, with full URLs,
+    there is no way to tell if a path is relative, so all paths are assumed
+    to be absolute.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "smb"
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        timeout=60,
+        encrypt=None,
+        share_access=None,
+        register_session_retries=4,
+        register_session_retry_wait=1,
+        register_session_retry_factor=10,
+        auto_mkdir=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        You can use _get_kwargs_from_urls to get some kwargs from
+        a reasonable SMB url.
+
+        Authentication will be anonymous or integrated if username/password are not
+        given.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            The remote server name/ip to connect to
+        port: int or None
+            Port to connect with. Usually 445, sometimes 139.
+        username: str or None
+            Username to connect with. Required if Kerberos auth is not being used.
+        password: str or None
+            User's password on the server, if using username
+        timeout: int
+            Connection timeout in seconds
+        encrypt: bool
+            Whether to force encryption or not, once this has been set to True
+            the session cannot be changed back to False.
+        share_access: str or None
+            Specifies the default access applied to file open operations
+            performed with this file system object.
+            This affects whether other processes can concurrently open a handle
+            to the same file.
+
+            - None (the default): exclusively locks the file until closed.
+            - 'r': Allow other handles to be opened with read access.
+            - 'w': Allow other handles to be opened with write access.
+            - 'd': Allow other handles to be opened with delete access.
+        register_session_retries: int
+            Number of retries to register a session with the server. Retries are not performed
+            for authentication errors, as they are considered as invalid credentials and not network
+            issues. If set to negative value, no register attempts will be performed.
+        register_session_retry_wait: int
+            Time in seconds to wait between each retry. Number must be non-negative.
+        register_session_retry_factor: int
+            Base factor for the wait time between each retry. The wait time
+            is calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+            will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait`. For any number of retries,
+            the last wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait` and for retries>1
+            the first wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait / factor`.
+            Number must be equal to or greater than 1. Optimal factor is 10.
+        auto_mkdir: bool
+            Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+            be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+            and zarr-python code.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.encrypt = encrypt
+        self.temppath = kwargs.pop("temppath", "")
+        self.share_access = share_access
+        self.register_session_retries = register_session_retries
+        if register_session_retry_wait < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_wait must be a non-negative integer"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_wait = register_session_retry_wait
+        if register_session_retry_factor < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_factor must be a positive "
+                "integer equal to or greater than 1"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_factor = register_session_retry_factor
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+        self._connect()
+
+    @property
+    def _port(self):
+        return 445 if self.port is None else self.port
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        import time
+
+        if self.register_session_retries <= -1:
+            return
+
+        retried_errors = []
+
+        wait_time = self.register_session_retry_wait
+        n_waits = (
+            self.register_session_retries - 1
+        )  # -1 = No wait time after the last retry
+        factor = self.register_session_retry_factor
+
+        # Generate wait times for each retry attempt.
+        # Wait times are calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+        # will be equal to `wait`. For any number of retries the last wait time will be
+        # equal to `wait` and for retries>2 the first wait time will be equal to `wait / factor`.
+        wait_times = iter(
+            factor ** (n / n_waits - 1) * wait_time for n in range(0, n_waits + 1)
+        )
+
+        for attempt in range(self.register_session_retries + 1):
+            try:
+                smbclient.register_session(
+                    self.host,
+                    username=self.username,
+                    password=self.password,
+                    port=self._port,
+                    encrypt=self.encrypt,
+                    connection_timeout=self.timeout,
+                )
+                return
+            except (
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.SMBAuthenticationError,
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.LogonFailure,
+            ):
+                # These exceptions should not be repeated, as they clearly indicate
+                # that the credentials are invalid and not a network issue.
+                raise
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                if re.findall(r"\[Errno -\d+]", str(exc)):
+                    # This exception is raised by the smbprotocol.transport:Tcp.connect
+                    # and originates from socket.gaierror (OSError). These exceptions might
+                    # be raised due to network instability. We will retry to connect.
+                    retried_errors.append(exc)
+                else:
+                    # All another ValueError exceptions should be raised, as they are not
+                    # related to network issues.
+                    raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Save the exception and retry to connect. This except might be dropped
+                # in the future, once all exceptions suited for retry are identified.
+                retried_errors.append(exc)
+
+            if attempt < self.register_session_retries:
+                time.sleep(next(wait_times))
+
+        # Raise last exception to inform user about the connection issues.
+        # Note: Should we use ExceptionGroup to raise all exceptions?
+        raise retried_errors[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        # smb://workgroup;user:password@host:port/share/folder/file.csv
+        out = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        if create_parents:
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=False, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            smbclient.mkdir(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=exist_ok, port=self._port)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "directory"
+        elif S_ISLNK(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "link"
+        else:
+            stype = "file"
+        res = {
+            "name": path + "/" if stype == "directory" else path,
+            "size": stats.st_size,
+            "type": stype,
+            "uid": stats.st_uid,
+            "gid": stats.st_gid,
+            "time": stats.st_atime,
+            "mtime": stats.st_mtime,
+        }
+        return res
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_ctime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_mtime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        unc = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        listed = smbclient.listdir(unc, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        dirs = ["/".join([path.rstrip("/"), p]) for p in listed]
+        if detail:
+            dirs = [self.info(d) for d in dirs]
+        return dirs
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=-1,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        block_size: int or None
+            If 0, no buffering, 1, line buffering, >1, buffer that many bytes
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        By specifying 'share_access' in 'kwargs' it is possible to override the
+        default shared access setting applied in the constructor of this object.
+        """
+        if self.auto_mkdir and "w" in mode:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        bls = block_size if block_size is not None and block_size >= 0 else -1
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        share_access = kwargs.pop("share_access", self.share_access)
+        if "w" in mode and autocommit is False:
+            temp = _as_temp_path(self.host, path, self.temppath)
+            return SMBFileOpener(
+                wpath, temp, mode, port=self._port, block_size=bls, **kwargs
+            )
+        return smbclient.open_file(
+            wpath,
+            mode,
+            buffering=bls,
+            share_access=share_access,
+            port=self._port,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def copy(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Copy within two locations in the same filesystem"""
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        smbclient.copyfile(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+            if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+                smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+            else:
+                smbclient.remove(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=None, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        smbclient.rename(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _as_unc_path(host, path):
+    rpath = path.replace("/", "\\")
+    unc = f"\\\\{host}{rpath}"
+    return unc
+
+
+def _as_temp_path(host, path, temppath):
+    share = path.split("/")[1]
+    temp_file = f"/{share}{temppath}/{uuid.uuid4()}"
+    unc = _as_unc_path(host, temp_file)
+    return unc
+
+
+def _share_has_path(path):
+    parts = path.count("/")
+    if path.endswith("/"):
+        return parts > 2
+    return parts > 1
+
+
+class SMBFileOpener:
+    """writes to remote temporary file, move on commit"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path, temp, mode, port=445, block_size=-1, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.temp = temp
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.smbfile = None
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.port = port
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.smbfile is None or self.smbfile.closed:
+            self.smbfile = smbclient.open_file(
+                self.temp,
+                self.mode,
+                port=self.port,
+                buffering=self.block_size,
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """Move temp file to definitive on success."""
+        # TODO: use transaction support in SMB protocol
+        smbclient.replace(self.temp, self.path, port=self.port)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        """Remove the temp file on failure."""
+        smbclient.remove(self.temp, port=self.port)
+
+    def __fspath__(self):
+        return self.path
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.smbfile.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.smbfile, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self.smbfile.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.smbfile.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41bd894a4e3f1b3b2318f9b28d690dada72d670a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import logging
+import tarfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.utils import infer_compression
+
+typemap = {b"0": "file", b"5": "directory"}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("tar")
+
+
+class TarFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Compressed Tar archives as a file-system (read-only)
+
+    Supports the following formats:
+    tar.gz, tar.bz2, tar.xz
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "tar"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        index_store=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        compression=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        target_options = target_options or {}
+
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            self.of = fsspec.open(fo, protocol=target_protocol, **target_options)
+            fo = self.of.open()  # keep the reference
+
+        # Try to infer compression.
+        if compression is None:
+            name = None
+
+            # Try different ways to get hold of the filename. `fo` might either
+            # be a `fsspec.LocalFileOpener`, an `io.BufferedReader` or an
+            # `fsspec.AbstractFileSystem` instance.
+            try:
+                # Amended io.BufferedReader or similar.
+                # This uses a "protocol extension" where original filenames are
+                # propagated to archive-like filesystems in order to let them
+                # infer the right compression appropriately.
+                if hasattr(fo, "original"):
+                    name = fo.original
+
+                # fsspec.LocalFileOpener
+                elif hasattr(fo, "path"):
+                    name = fo.path
+
+                # io.BufferedReader
+                elif hasattr(fo, "name"):
+                    name = fo.name
+
+                # fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+                elif hasattr(fo, "info"):
+                    name = fo.info()["name"]
+
+            except Exception as ex:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Unable to determine file name, not inferring compression: {ex}"
+                )
+
+            if name is not None:
+                compression = infer_compression(name)
+                logger.info(f"Inferred compression {compression} from file name {name}")
+
+        if compression is not None:
+            # TODO: tarfile already implements compression with modes like "'r:gz'",
+            #  but then would seek to offset in the file work?
+            fo = compr[compression](fo)
+
+        self._fo_ref = fo
+        self.fo = fo  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.tar = tarfile.TarFile(fileobj=self.fo)
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+        self.index_store = index_store
+        self.index = None
+        self._index()
+
+    def _index(self):
+        # TODO: load and set saved index, if exists
+        out = {}
+        for ti in self.tar:
+            info = ti.get_info()
+            info["type"] = typemap.get(info["type"], "file")
+            name = ti.get_info()["name"].rstrip("/")
+            out[name] = (info, ti.offset_data)
+
+        self.index = out
+        # TODO: save index to self.index_store here, if set
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is not None:
+            return
+
+        # This enables ls to get directories as children as well as files
+        self.dir_cache = {
+            dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+            for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.tar.getnames())
+        }
+        for member in self.tar.getmembers():
+            info = member.get_info()
+            info["name"] = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            info["type"] = typemap.get(info["type"], "file")
+            self.dir_cache[info["name"]] = info
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("Read-only filesystem implementation")
+        details, offset = self.index[path]
+        if details["type"] != "file":
+            raise ValueError("Can only handle regular files")
+        return self.tar.extractfile(path)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.tar.close()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "tar"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.tar
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3048b6a3638cf34e400804a3057521e720b6e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+# https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r1.0.4/webhdfs.html
+
+import logging
+import os
+import secrets
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+from contextlib import suppress
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options, tokenize
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("webhdfs")
+
+
+class WebHDFS(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Interface to HDFS over HTTP using the WebHDFS API. Supports also HttpFS gateways.
+
+    Four auth mechanisms are supported:
+
+    insecure: no auth is done, and the user is assumed to be whoever they
+        say they are (parameter ``user``), or a predefined value such as
+        "dr.who" if not given
+    spnego: when kerberos authentication is enabled, auth is negotiated by
+        requests_kerberos https://github.com/requests/requests-kerberos .
+        This establishes a session based on existing kinit login and/or
+        specified principal/password; parameters are passed with ``kerb_kwargs``
+    token: uses an existing Hadoop delegation token from another secured
+        service. Indeed, this client can also generate such tokens when
+        not insecure. Note that tokens expire, but can be renewed (by a
+        previously specified user) and may allow for proxying.
+    basic-auth: used when both parameter ``user`` and parameter ``password``
+        are provided.
+
+    """
+
+    tempdir = str(tempfile.gettempdir())
+    protocol = "webhdfs", "webHDFS"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=50070,
+        kerberos=False,
+        token=None,
+        user=None,
+        password=None,
+        proxy_to=None,
+        kerb_kwargs=None,
+        data_proxy=None,
+        use_https=False,
+        session_cert=None,
+        session_verify=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Name-node address
+        port: int
+            Port for webHDFS
+        kerberos: bool
+            Whether to authenticate with kerberos for this connection
+        token: str or None
+            If given, use this token on every call to authenticate. A user
+            and user-proxy may be encoded in the token and should not be also
+            given
+        user: str or None
+            If given, assert the user name to connect with
+        password: str or None
+            If given, assert the password to use for basic auth. If password
+            is provided, user must be provided also
+        proxy_to: str or None
+            If given, the user has the authority to proxy, and this value is
+            the user in who's name actions are taken
+        kerb_kwargs: dict
+            Any extra arguments for HTTPKerberosAuth, see
+            `<https://github.com/requests/requests-kerberos/blob/master/requests_kerberos/kerberos_.py>`_
+        data_proxy: dict, callable or None
+            If given, map data-node addresses. This can be necessary if the
+            HDFS cluster is behind a proxy, running on Docker or otherwise has
+            a mismatch between the host-names given by the name-node and the
+            address by which to refer to them from the client. If a dict,
+            maps host names ``host->data_proxy[host]``; if a callable, full
+            URLs are passed, and function must conform to
+            ``url->data_proxy(url)``.
+        use_https: bool
+            Whether to connect to the Name-node using HTTPS instead of HTTP
+        session_cert: str or Tuple[str, str] or None
+            Path to a certificate file, or tuple of (cert, key) files to use
+            for the requests.Session
+        session_verify: str, bool or None
+            Path to a certificate file to use for verifying the requests.Session.
+        kwargs
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            return
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.url = f"{'https' if use_https else 'http'}://{host}:{port}/webhdfs/v1"
+        self.kerb = kerberos
+        self.kerb_kwargs = kerb_kwargs or {}
+        self.pars = {}
+        self.proxy = data_proxy or {}
+        if token is not None:
+            if user is not None or proxy_to is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If passing a delegation token, must not set "
+                    "user or proxy_to, as these are encoded in the"
+                    " token"
+                )
+            self.pars["delegation"] = token
+        self.user = user
+        self.password = password
+
+        if password is not None:
+            if user is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If passing a password, the user must also be"
+                    "set in order to set up the basic-auth"
+                )
+        else:
+            if user is not None:
+                self.pars["user.name"] = user
+
+        if proxy_to is not None:
+            self.pars["doas"] = proxy_to
+        if kerberos and user is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "If using Kerberos auth, do not specify the "
+                "user, this is handled by kinit."
+            )
+
+        self.session_cert = session_cert
+        self.session_verify = session_verify
+
+        self._connect()
+
+        self._fsid = f"webhdfs_{tokenize(host, port)}"
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return self._fsid
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+
+        if self.session_cert:
+            self.session.cert = self.session_cert
+
+        self.session.verify = self.session_verify
+
+        if self.kerb:
+            from requests_kerberos import HTTPKerberosAuth
+
+            self.session.auth = HTTPKerberosAuth(**self.kerb_kwargs)
+
+        if self.user is not None and self.password is not None:
+            from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+            self.session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self.user, self.password)
+
+    def _call(self, op, method="get", path=None, data=None, redirect=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path) if path is not None else ""
+        url = self._apply_proxy(self.url + quote(path, safe="/="))
+        args = kwargs.copy()
+        args.update(self.pars)
+        args["op"] = op.upper()
+        logger.debug("sending %s with %s", url, method)
+        out = self.session.request(
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
+            params=args,
+            data=data,
+            allow_redirects=redirect,
+        )
+        if out.status_code in [400, 401, 403, 404, 500]:
+            try:
+                err = out.json()
+                msg = err["RemoteException"]["message"]
+                exp = err["RemoteException"]["exception"]
+            except (ValueError, KeyError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                if exp in ["IllegalArgumentException", "UnsupportedOperationException"]:
+                    raise ValueError(msg)
+                elif exp in ["SecurityException", "AccessControlException"]:
+                    raise PermissionError(msg)
+                elif exp in ["FileNotFoundException"]:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        return out
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        replication=None,
+        permissions=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            File location
+        mode: str
+            'rb', 'wb', etc.
+        block_size: int
+            Client buffer size for read-ahead or write buffer
+        autocommit: bool
+            If False, writes to temporary file that only gets put in final
+            location upon commit
+        replication: int
+            Number of copies of file on the cluster, write mode only
+        permissions: str or int
+            posix permissions, write mode only
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        WebHDFile instance
+        """
+        block_size = block_size or self.blocksize
+        return WebHDFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            tempdir=self.tempdir,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            replication=replication,
+            permissions=permissions,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _process_info(info):
+        info["type"] = info["type"].lower()
+        info["size"] = info["length"]
+        return info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        if "username" in out:
+            out["user"] = out.pop("username")
+        return out
+
+    def info(self, path):
+        out = self._call("GETFILESTATUS", path=path)
+        info = out.json()["FileStatus"]
+        info["name"] = path
+        return self._process_info(info)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        # The API does not provide creation time, so we use modification time
+        info = self.info(path)
+        mtime = info.get("modificationTime", None)
+        if mtime is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime / 1000)
+        raise RuntimeError("Could not retrieve creation time (modification time).")
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        info = self.info(path)
+        mtime = info.get("modificationTime", None)
+        if mtime is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime / 1000)
+        raise RuntimeError("Could not retrieve modification time.")
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        out = self._call("LISTSTATUS", path=path)
+        infos = out.json()["FileStatuses"]["FileStatus"]
+        for info in infos:
+            self._process_info(info)
+            info["name"] = path.rstrip("/") + "/" + info["pathSuffix"]
+        if detail:
+            return sorted(infos, key=lambda i: i["name"])
+        else:
+            return sorted(info["name"] for info in infos)
+
+    def content_summary(self, path):
+        """Total numbers of files, directories and bytes under path"""
+        out = self._call("GETCONTENTSUMMARY", path=path)
+        return out.json()["ContentSummary"]
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        """Checksum info of file, giving method and result"""
+        out = self._call("GETFILECHECKSUM", path=path, redirect=False)
+        if "Location" in out.headers:
+            location = self._apply_proxy(out.headers["Location"])
+            out2 = self.session.get(location)
+            out2.raise_for_status()
+            return out2.json()["FileChecksum"]
+        else:
+            out.raise_for_status()
+            return out.json()["FileChecksum"]
+
+    def home_directory(self):
+        """Get user's home directory"""
+        out = self._call("GETHOMEDIRECTORY")
+        return out.json()["Path"]
+
+    def get_delegation_token(self, renewer=None):
+        """Retrieve token which can give the same authority to other uses
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        renewer: str or None
+            User who may use this token; if None, will be current user
+        """
+        if renewer:
+            out = self._call("GETDELEGATIONTOKEN", renewer=renewer)
+        else:
+            out = self._call("GETDELEGATIONTOKEN")
+        t = out.json()["Token"]
+        if t is None:
+            raise ValueError("No token available for this user/security context")
+        return t["urlString"]
+
+    def renew_delegation_token(self, token):
+        """Make token live longer. Returns new expiry time"""
+        out = self._call("RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN", method="put", token=token)
+        return out.json()["long"]
+
+    def cancel_delegation_token(self, token):
+        """Stop the token from being useful"""
+        self._call("CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN", method="put", token=token)
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mod):
+        """Set the permission at path
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            location to set (file or directory)
+        mod: str or int
+            posix epresentation or permission, give as oct string, e.g, '777'
+            or 0o777
+        """
+        self._call("SETPERMISSION", method="put", path=path, permission=mod)
+
+    def chown(self, path, owner=None, group=None):
+        """Change owning user and/or group"""
+        kwargs = {}
+        if owner is not None:
+            kwargs["owner"] = owner
+        if group is not None:
+            kwargs["group"] = group
+        self._call("SETOWNER", method="put", path=path, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_replication(self, path, replication):
+        """
+        Set file replication factor
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            File location (not for directories)
+        replication: int
+            Number of copies of file on the cluster. Should be smaller than
+            number of data nodes; normally 3 on most systems.
+        """
+        self._call("SETREPLICATION", path=path, method="put", replication=replication)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self._call("MKDIRS", method="put", path=path)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        if exist_ok is False and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        self.mkdir(path)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        self._call("RENAME", method="put", path=path1, destination=path2)
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        self._call(
+            "DELETE",
+            method="delete",
+            path=path,
+            recursive="true" if recursive else "false",
+        )
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self.rm(path)
+
+    def cp_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        with self.open(lpath) as lstream:
+            tmp_fname = "/".join([self._parent(rpath), f".tmp.{secrets.token_hex(16)}"])
+            # Perform an atomic copy (stream to a temporary file and
+            # move it to the actual destination).
+            try:
+                with self.open(tmp_fname, "wb") as rstream:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(lstream, rstream)
+                self.mv(tmp_fname, rpath)
+            except BaseException:
+                with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    self.rm(tmp_fname)
+                raise
+
+    def _apply_proxy(self, location):
+        if self.proxy and callable(self.proxy):
+            location = self.proxy(location)
+        elif self.proxy:
+            # as a dict
+            for k, v in self.proxy.items():
+                location = location.replace(k, v, 1)
+        return location
+
+
+class WebHDFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """A file living in HDFS over webHDFS"""
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(fs, path, **kwargs)
+        kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+        if kwargs.get("permissions", None) is None:
+            kwargs.pop("permissions", None)
+        if kwargs.get("replication", None) is None:
+            kwargs.pop("replication", None)
+        self.permissions = kwargs.pop("permissions", 511)
+        tempdir = kwargs.pop("tempdir")
+        if kwargs.pop("autocommit", False) is False:
+            self.target = self.path
+            self.path = os.path.join(tempdir, str(uuid.uuid4()))
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Write one part of a multi-block file upload
+
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        final: bool
+            This is the last block, so should complete file, if
+            self.autocommit is True.
+        """
+        out = self.fs.session.post(
+            self.location,
+            data=self.buffer.getvalue(),
+            headers={"content-type": "application/octet-stream"},
+        )
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        return True
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        if "a" in self.mode:
+            op, method = "APPEND", "POST"
+        else:
+            op, method = "CREATE", "PUT"
+            kwargs["overwrite"] = "true"
+        out = self.fs._call(op, method, self.path, redirect=False, **kwargs)
+        location = self.fs._apply_proxy(out.headers["Location"])
+        if "w" in self.mode:
+            # create empty file to append to
+            out2 = self.fs.session.put(
+                location, headers={"content-type": "application/octet-stream"}
+            )
+            out2.raise_for_status()
+            # after creating empty file, change location to append to
+            out2 = self.fs._call("APPEND", "POST", self.path, redirect=False, **kwargs)
+            self.location = self.fs._apply_proxy(out2.headers["Location"])
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        start = max(start, 0)
+        end = min(self.size, end)
+        if start >= end or start >= self.size:
+            return b""
+        out = self.fs._call(
+            "OPEN", path=self.path, offset=start, length=end - start, redirect=False
+        )
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        if "Location" in out.headers:
+            location = out.headers["Location"]
+            out2 = self.fs.session.get(self.fs._apply_proxy(location))
+            return out2.content
+        else:
+            return out.content
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.mv(self.path, self.target)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fs.rm(self.path)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..485307a34f8daba70eb30bfda713c95893bbdb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import os
+import zipfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+
+
+class ZipFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Read/Write contents of ZIP archive as a file-system
+
+    Keeps file object open while instance lives.
+
+    This class is pickleable, but not necessarily thread-safe
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "zip"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        mode="r",
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        compression=zipfile.ZIP_STORED,
+        allowZip64=True,
+        compresslevel=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo: str or file-like
+            Contains ZIP, and must exist. If a str, will fetch file using
+            :meth:`~fsspec.open_files`, which must return one file exactly.
+        mode: str
+            Accept: "r", "w", "a"
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            If ``fo`` is a string, this value can be used to override the
+            FS protocol inferred from a URL
+        target_options: dict (optional)
+            Kwargs passed when instantiating the target FS, if ``fo`` is
+            a string.
+        compression, allowZip64, compresslevel: passed to ZipFile
+            Only relevant when creating a ZIP
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        if mode not in set("rwa"):
+            raise ValueError(f"mode '{mode}' no understood")
+        self.mode = mode
+        if isinstance(fo, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            if mode == "a":
+                m = "r+b"
+            else:
+                m = mode + "b"
+            fo = fsspec.open(
+                fo, mode=m, protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {})
+            )
+        self.force_zip_64 = allowZip64
+        self.of = fo
+        self.fo = fo.__enter__()  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.zip = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            self.fo,
+            mode=mode,
+            compression=compression,
+            allowZip64=allowZip64,
+            compresslevel=compresslevel,
+        )
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        # zip file paths are always relative to the archive root
+        return super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "zip"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.zip
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.zip.close()
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is None or self.mode in set("wa"):
+            # when writing, dir_cache is always in the ZipFile's attributes,
+            # not read from the file.
+            files = self.zip.infolist()
+            self.dir_cache = {
+                dirname.rstrip("/"): {
+                    "name": dirname.rstrip("/"),
+                    "size": 0,
+                    "type": "directory",
+                }
+                for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.zip.namelist())
+            }
+            for z in files:
+                f = {s: getattr(z, s, None) for s in zipfile.ZipInfo.__slots__}
+                f.update(
+                    {
+                        "name": z.filename.rstrip("/"),
+                        "size": z.file_size,
+                        "type": ("directory" if z.is_dir() else "file"),
+                    }
+                )
+                self.dir_cache[f["name"]] = f
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **kwargs):
+        # override upstream, because we know the exact file size in this case
+        self.zip.writestr(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "r" in mode and self.mode in set("wa"):
+            if self.exists(path):
+                raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if "r" in self.mode and "w" in mode:
+            raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+        out = self.zip.open(path, mode.strip("b"), force_zip64=self.force_zip_64)
+        if "r" in mode:
+            info = self.info(path)
+            out.size = info["size"]
+            out.name = info["name"]
+        return out
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        def to_parts(_path: str):
+            return list(filter(None, _path.replace("\\", "/").split("/")))
+
+        if not isinstance(path, str):
+            path = str(path)
+
+        # Remove the leading slash, as the zip file paths are always
+        # given without a leading slash
+        path = path.lstrip("/")
+        path_parts = to_parts(path)
+        path_depth = len(path_parts)
+
+        self._get_dirs()
+
+        result = {}
+        # To match posix find, if an exact file name is given, we should
+        # return only that file
+        if path in self.dir_cache and self.dir_cache[path]["type"] == "file":
+            result[path] = self.dir_cache[path]
+            return result if detail else [path]
+
+        for file_path, file_info in self.dir_cache.items():
+            if len(file_parts := to_parts(file_path)) < path_depth or any(
+                a != b for a, b in zip(path_parts, file_parts)
+            ):
+                # skip parent folders and mismatching paths
+                continue
+
+            if file_info["type"] == "directory":
+                if withdirs and file_path not in result:
+                    result[file_path.strip("/")] = file_info
+                continue
+
+            if file_path not in result:
+                result[file_path] = file_info if detail else None
+
+        if maxdepth:
+            result = {
+                k: v for k, v in result.items() if k.count("/") < maxdepth + path_depth
+            }
+        return result if detail else sorted(result)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ed2ad802ecaf021106c25c03112f29e75c7b2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import os
+from hashlib import md5
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.copy import AbstractCopyTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.get import AbstractGetTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.open import AbstractOpenTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.pipe import AbstractPipeTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.put import AbstractPutTests  # noqa: F401
+
+
+class BaseAbstractFixtures:
+    """
+    Abstract base class containing fixtures that are used by but never need to
+    be overridden in derived filesystem-specific classes to run the abstract
+    tests on such filesystems.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used for many cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._bulk_operations_scenario_0(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_glob_edge_cases_files(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._glob_edge_cases_files(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put on directory
+        and file with the same name prefixes.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_10_files_with_hashed_names(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put files order
+        when source and destination are lists.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._10_files_with_hashed_names(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_target(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Return name of remote directory that does not yet exist to copy into.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        target = fs_join(fs_path, "target")
+        yield target
+        if fs.exists(target):
+            fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used for many cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._bulk_operations_scenario_0(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_glob_edge_cases_files(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._glob_edge_cases_files(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self, local_fs, local_join, local_path
+    ):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put on directory
+        and file with the same name prefixes.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(
+            local_fs, local_join, local_path
+        )
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_10_files_with_hashed_names(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put files order
+        when source and destination are lists.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._10_files_with_hashed_names(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_target(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Return name of local directory that does not yet exist to copy into.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        target = local_join(local_path, "target")
+        yield target
+        if local_fs.exists(target):
+            local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+    def _glob_edge_cases_files(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+        Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 file1
+        ├── 📄 file2
+        ├── 📁 subdir0
+        │   ├── 📄 subfile1
+        │   ├── 📄 subfile2
+        │   └── 📁 nesteddir
+        │       └── 📄 nestedfile
+        └── 📁 subdir1
+            ├── 📄 subfile1
+            ├── 📄 subfile2
+            └── 📁 nesteddir
+                └── 📄 nestedfile
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file2"))
+
+        for subdir_idx in range(2):
+            subdir = some_join(source, f"subdir{subdir_idx}")
+            nesteddir = some_join(subdir, "nesteddir")
+            some_fs.makedirs(nesteddir)
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile1"))
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile2"))
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(nesteddir, "nestedfile"))
+
+        return source
+
+    def _bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used for many cp/get/put tests. Creates the following
+        directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 file1
+        ├── 📄 file2
+        └── 📁 subdir
+            ├── 📄 subfile1
+            ├── 📄 subfile2
+            └── 📁 nesteddir
+                └── 📄 nestedfile
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        subdir = some_join(source, "subdir")
+        nesteddir = some_join(subdir, "nesteddir")
+        some_fs.makedirs(nesteddir)
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file2"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile2"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(nesteddir, "nestedfile"))
+        return source
+
+    def _dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used to check cp/get/put on directory and file with
+        the same name prefixes. Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 subdir.txt
+        └── 📁 subdir
+            └── 📄 subfile.txt
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        subdir = some_join(source, "subdir")
+        file = some_join(source, "subdir.txt")
+        subfile = some_join(subdir, "subfile.txt")
+        some_fs.makedirs(subdir)
+        some_fs.touch(file)
+        some_fs.touch(subfile)
+        return source
+
+    def _10_files_with_hashed_names(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used to check cp/get/put files order when source and
+        destination are lists. Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        └── 📄 {hashed([0-9])}.txt
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            path = some_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt")
+            some_fs.pipe(path=path, value=f"{i}".encode())
+        return source
+
+
+class AbstractFixtures(BaseAbstractFixtures):
+    """
+    Abstract base class containing fixtures that may be overridden in derived
+    filesystem-specific classes to run the abstract tests on such filesystems.
+
+    For any particular filesystem some of these fixtures must be overridden,
+    such as ``fs`` and ``fs_path``, and others may be overridden if the
+    default functions here are not appropriate, such as ``fs_join``.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("This function must be overridden in derived classes")
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_join(self):
+        """
+        Return a function that joins its arguments together into a path.
+
+        Most fsspec implementations join paths in a platform-dependent way,
+        but some will override this to always use a forward slash.
+        """
+        return os.path.join
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_path(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("This function must be overridden in derived classes")
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def local_fs(self):
+        # Maybe need an option for auto_mkdir=False?  This is only relevant
+        # for certain implementations.
+        return LocalFileSystem(auto_mkdir=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_join(self):
+        """
+        Return a function that joins its arguments together into a path, on
+        the local filesystem.
+        """
+        return os.path.join
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_path(self, tmpdir):
+        return tmpdir
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def supports_empty_directories(self):
+        """
+        Return whether this implementation supports empty directories.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_sanitize_path(self):
+        return lambda x: x
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22e7c4140404ab2a8928689721419cf05c2760b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS = {
+    "argnames": ("path", "recursive", "maxdepth", "expected"),
+    "argvalues": [
+        ("fil?1", False, None, ["file1"]),
+        ("fil?1", True, None, ["file1"]),
+        ("file[1-2]", False, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        ("file[1-2]", True, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        ("*", False, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "*",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*", True, 1, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "*",
+            True,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*1", False, None, ["file1"]),
+        (
+            "*1",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*1", True, 2, ["file1", "subdir1/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile2"]),
+        (
+            "**",
+            False,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "**",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**", True, 1, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "**",
+            True,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "**",
+            False,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", False, None, ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1"]),
+        (
+            "**/*1",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", True, 1, ["file1"]),
+        (
+            "**/*1",
+            True,
+            2,
+            ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile2"],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", False, 2, ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1"]),
+        ("**/subdir0", False, None, []),
+        ("**/subdir0", True, None, ["subfile1", "subfile2", "nesteddir/nestedfile"]),
+        ("**/subdir0/nested*", False, 2, []),
+        ("**/subdir0/nested*", True, 2, ["nestedfile"]),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", False, None, []),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", True, None, ["subfile1", "subfile2", "nesteddir/nestedfile"]),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", True, 2, ["subfile1", "subfile2"]),
+        ("subdir[0-1]", False, None, []),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]/*fil[e]*",
+            False,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]/*fil[e]*",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e39e57e5f7d52bfda8ab5e2398b04cc2303630a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractCopyTests:
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = fs_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = fs_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile")
+        )
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_copy_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.cp(s, t)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_copy_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.cp(s, t)
+            if supports_empty_directories:
+                assert fs.ls(target) == []
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                    fs.ls(target)
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_copy_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.cp(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+    def test_copy_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.cp(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_copy_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        fs_target,
+        fs_sanitize_path,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.copy(fs_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_copy_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.cp(source_files, t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "file1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "file2"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_copy_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.cp(source_files, fs_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_copy_two_files_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # This is a duplicate of test_copy_list_of_files_to_new_directory and
+        # can eventually be removed.
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        fs.cp([fs_join(source, "file1"), fs_join(source, "file2")], target)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+
+    def test_copy_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        fs.rm([fs_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        if supports_empty_directories:
+            assert fs.ls(target) == []
+        else:
+            assert not fs.exists(target)
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir*"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_copy_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self, fs, fs_target, fs_join, fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(fs_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(fs_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.copy(path1=source_files, path2=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..851ab81ee581e74cac41c64c83ef0af75826d6b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import make_path_posix
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractGetTests:
+    def test_get_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = local_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = local_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        local_fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_get_file_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), local_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_get_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), local_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_get_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+            local_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"),
+        )
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.get(s, t)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        local_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(
+                    local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+                )
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = local_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.get(s, t)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(
+                local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+            )
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_get_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(
+                [
+                    local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        local_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.get(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(
+                local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+            )
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(
+                    local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+                )
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.get(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_fs.ls(target, detail=False), recursive=True)
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_get_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = local_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = local_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = local_fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    make_path_posix(local_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    make_path_posix(local_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_get_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.get(source_files, t)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(
+                [
+                    local_join(target, "file1"),
+                    local_join(target, "file2"),
+                    local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.get(source_files, local_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_recursive(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_path, local_fs, local_join, local_target
+    ):
+        # https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/1062
+        # Recursive cp/get/put of source directory into non-existent target directory.
+        src = fs_join(fs_path, "src")
+        src_file = fs_join(src, "file")
+        fs.mkdir(src)
+        fs.touch(src_file)
+
+        target = local_target
+
+        # get without slash
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.get(src, target, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+            if loop == 0:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "src"))
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "src"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "src", "file"))
+
+        local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+        # get with slash
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.get(src + "/", target, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "src"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+        fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = local_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        local_fs.rm([local_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir*"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_get_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+        fs_10_files_with_hashed_names,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = local_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(fs_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(
+                make_path_posix(local_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            )
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.get(rpath=source_files, lpath=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = local_fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39f6caa3de815e024fa84de2acecc986c823ed29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+def test_move_raises_error_with_tmpdir(tmpdir):
+    # Create a file in the temporary directory
+    source = tmpdir.join("source_file.txt")
+    source.write("content")
+
+    # Define a destination that simulates a protected or invalid path
+    destination = tmpdir.join("non_existent_directory/destination_file.txt")
+
+    # Instantiate the filesystem (assuming the local file system interface)
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("file")
+
+    # Use the actual file paths as string
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        fs.mv(str(source), str(destination))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("recursive", (True, False))
+def test_move_raises_error_with_tmpdir_permission(recursive, tmpdir):
+    # Create a file in the temporary directory
+    source = tmpdir.join("source_file.txt")
+    source.write("content")
+
+    # Create a protected directory (non-writable)
+    protected_dir = tmpdir.mkdir("protected_directory")
+    protected_path = str(protected_dir)
+
+    # Set the directory to read-only
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        os.system(f'icacls "{protected_path}" /deny Everyone:(W)')
+    else:
+        os.chmod(protected_path, 0o555)  # Sets the directory to read-only
+
+    # Define a destination inside the protected directory
+    destination = protected_dir.join("destination_file.txt")
+
+    # Instantiate the filesystem (assuming the local file system interface)
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("file")
+
+    # Try to move the file to the read-only directory, expecting a permission error
+    with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+        fs.mv(str(source), str(destination), recursive=recursive)
+
+    # Assert the file was not created in the destination
+    assert not os.path.exists(destination)
+
+    # Cleanup: Restore permissions so the directory can be cleaned up
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        os.system(f'icacls "{protected_path}" /remove:d Everyone')
+    else:
+        os.chmod(protected_path, 0o755)  # Restore write permission for cleanup
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb75ea852276fb8d834345883813b8e27a0ae24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+class AbstractOpenTests:
+    def test_open_exclusive(self, fs, fs_target):
+        with fs.open(fs_target, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(b"data")
+        with fs.open(fs_target, "rb") as f:
+            assert f.read() == b"data"
+        with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+            fs.open(fs_target, "xb")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ecca96e9d23ff268a253c48269d5cca451ea270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+class AbstractPipeTests:
+    def test_pipe_exclusive(self, fs, fs_target):
+        fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"data")
+        assert fs.cat_file(fs_target) == b"data"
+        with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+            fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"data", mode="create")
+        fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"new data", mode="overwrite")
+        assert fs.cat_file(fs_target) == b"new data"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fc349977f0384d9fc86126498be5c6ad99a21d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractPutTests:
+    def test_put_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = fs_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = fs_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_put_file_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_put_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_put_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+            fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"),
+        )
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.put(s, t)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_put_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.put(s, t)
+            if supports_empty_directories:
+                assert fs.ls(target) == []
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                    fs.ls(target)
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_put_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.put(
+                    local_join(source, "subdir", glob),
+                    t,
+                    recursive=recursive,
+                    maxdepth=1,
+                )
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+    def test_put_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.put(
+                    local_join(source, "subdir", glob),
+                    t,
+                    recursive=recursive,
+                    maxdepth=1,
+                )
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_put_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        local_join,
+        fs_sanitize_path,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = local_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.put(local_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_put_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            local_join(source, "file1"),
+            local_join(source, "file2"),
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.put(source_files, t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "file1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "file2"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_put_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            local_join(source, "file1"),
+            local_join(source, "file2"),
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.put(source_files, fs_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_recursive(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_fs, local_join, local_path
+    ):
+        # https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/1062
+        # Recursive cp/get/put of source directory into non-existent target directory.
+        src = local_join(local_path, "src")
+        src_file = local_join(src, "file")
+        local_fs.mkdir(src)
+        local_fs.touch(src_file)
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # put without slash
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.put(src, target, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+            if loop == 0:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "src"))
+            else:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "src"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "src", "file"))
+
+        fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+        # put with slash
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.put(src + "/", target, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(target)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "src"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir"), fs_target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        fs.rm([fs_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        if supports_empty_directories:
+            assert fs.ls(target) == []
+        else:
+            assert not fs.exists(target)
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir*"), fs_target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_copy_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self, fs, fs_target, fs_join, local_join, local_10_files_with_hashed_names
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = local_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(local_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(fs_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.put(lpath=source_files, rpath=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/python/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f080eae848f759c9173bfc0c79506357ebe5090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Nathaniel J. Smith <njs@pobox.com> and other contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f81d812f3e768fa89638d1f72920dbfd1413a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
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+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/sboms/hf_xet.cyclonedx.json b/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/sboms/hf_xet.cyclonedx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab9aaba2ff57a28c9c1ec602678ec864b93bd42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.0.dist-info/sboms/hf_xet.cyclonedx.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9808 @@
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+      "ref": "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#zerovec-derive@0.11.2",
+      "dependsOn": [
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#proc-macro2@1.0.106",
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#quote@1.0.45",
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#syn@2.0.117"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ref": "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#zerovec@0.11.5",
+      "dependsOn": [
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#yoke@0.8.1",
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#zerofrom@0.1.6",
+        "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#zerovec-derive@0.11.2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ref": "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#zmij@1.0.21"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-313.pyc b/python/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-313.pyc
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..311b2b56c53f678ab95fc0def708c675d521a807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2020, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88dc7f01e132933728cbcf45c88ce82e85ddf65f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import AsyncHTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncHTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import AsyncSOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncSOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncHTTPConnection",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTP11Connection",
+    "AsyncHTTP2Connection",
+    "AsyncConnectionInterface",
+    "AsyncSOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b42581dff8aabf4c2ef80ffda26296e1b368d693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            async with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = await self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    async def _connect(self, request: Request) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                async with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            async with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96e973d0ce223f6bed9be9e6a6a2f3c01622c611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncEvent, AsyncShieldCancellation, AsyncThreadLock
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface, AsyncRequestInterface
+
+
+class AsyncPoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    async def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            await self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionPool(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[AsyncConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[AsyncPoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = AsyncThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import AsyncSocks5Connection
+
+                return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import AsyncForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = AsyncPoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                await self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = await pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = await connection.handle_async_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    async def _close_connections(self, closing: list[AsyncConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        await self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: AsyncPoolRequest,
+        pool: AsyncConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            await self.aclose()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "aclose"):
+                    await self._stream.aclose()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6d6d709852b137a862cfe2b3af42dc790fa705d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                async with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = await self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    await self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        await self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            await self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = await self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # The AsyncConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: AsyncHTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                await self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncNetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return await self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        await self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return await self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbd0beeb4da32d8c0175d412fa442eae8f837723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP2Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._read_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._write_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        async with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        await self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                        await self.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = AsyncSemaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            async with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = await self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    await self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for data in request.stream:
+            await self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        await self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    async def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = await self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            await self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    async def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        async with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = await self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        async with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            await self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    async def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    async def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = await self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    async def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        async with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                await self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    async def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            await self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: AsyncHTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                await self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc9d92066e1680576846e46ccdf645a2b1dd5718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = await self._connection.handle_async_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    await self._connection.aclose()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..361583bede6b2b84088b38054d5d8116ef9f1597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class AsyncRequestInterface:
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            await response.aread()
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionInterface(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b363f55a0b071de6c5f377726be82dc2110e373c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+async def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class AsyncSOCKSProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncSocks5Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        await _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-313.pyc b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-313.pyc
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a140095e1b8de022f321a41c0125e0e5febc0749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import anyio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AnyIOStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ReadTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                try:
+                    return await self._stream.receive(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                except anyio.EndOfStream:  # pragma: nocover
+                    return b""
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: WriteTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                await self._stream.send(item=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ConnectError,
+            ssl.SSLError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                    ssl_stream = await anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream.wrap(
+                        self._stream,
+                        ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                        hostname=server_hostname,
+                        standard_compatible=False,
+                        server_side=False,
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return AnyIOStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.streams.tls.TLSAttribute.ssl_object, None)
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.local_address, None)
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.remote_address, None)
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            sock = self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+            return is_socket_readable(sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class AnyIOBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_tcp(
+                    remote_host=host,
+                    remote_port=port,
+                    local_host=local_address,
+                )
+                # By default TCP sockets opened in `asyncio` include TCP_NODELAY.
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_unix(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await anyio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49f0e698c97ad5623f376d8182675352e21c2c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._synchronization import current_async_library
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AutoBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def _init_backend(self) -> None:
+        if not (hasattr(self, "_backend")):
+            backend = current_async_library()
+            if backend == "trio":
+                from .trio import TrioBackend
+
+                self._backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = TrioBackend()
+            else:
+                from .anyio import AnyIOBackend
+
+                self._backend = AnyIOBackend()
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_tcp(
+            host,
+            port,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_unix_socket(
+            path, timeout=timeout, socket_options=socket_options
+        )
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf55c8b10eb543872550be863206fe2f760d0d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import time
+import typing
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+
+class NetworkStream:
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class NetworkBackend:
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        time.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkStream:
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkBackend:
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b6edca03d4d4b34f355fd53e49d4b4c699c972c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import ReadError
+from .base import (
+    SOCKET_OPTION,
+    AsyncNetworkBackend,
+    AsyncNetworkStream,
+    NetworkBackend,
+    NetworkStream,
+)
+
+
+class MockSSLObject:
+    def __init__(self, http2: bool):
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self) -> str:
+        return "h2" if self._http2 else "http/1.1"
+
+
+class MockStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.MockStream>"
+
+
+class MockBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncMockStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.AsyncMockStream>"
+
+
+class AsyncMockBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4018a09c6fb1e0ef1b03ab8d84b13ebef4031f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+
+
+class TLSinTLSStream(NetworkStream):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Because the standard `SSLContext.wrap_socket` method does
+    not work for `SSLSocket` objects, we need this class
+    to implement TLS stream using an underlying `SSLObject`
+    instance in order to support TLS on top of TLS.
+    """
+
+    # Defined in RFC 8449
+    TLS_RECORD_SIZE = 16384
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self._outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.ssl_obj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            incoming=self._incoming,
+            outgoing=self._outgoing,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        )
+
+        self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+        self._perform_io(self.ssl_obj.do_handshake)
+
+    def _perform_io(
+        self,
+        func: typing.Callable[..., typing.Any],
+    ) -> typing.Any:
+        ret = None
+
+        while True:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func()
+            except (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLWantWriteError) as e:
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            self._sock.sendall(self._outgoing.read())
+
+            if errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self._sock.recv(self.TLS_RECORD_SIZE)
+
+                if buf:
+                    self._incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self._incoming.write_eof()
+            if errno is None:
+                return ret
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return typing.cast(
+                bytes, self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.read, max_bytes))
+            )
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            while buffer:
+                nsent = self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.write, buffer))
+                buffer = buffer[nsent:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self.ssl_obj
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return self._sock.recv(max_bytes)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            while buffer:
+                self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                n = self._sock.send(buffer)
+                buffer = buffer[n:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):  # pragma: no cover
+                    # If the underlying socket has already been upgraded
+                    # to the TLS layer (i.e. is an instance of SSLSocket),
+                    # we need some additional smarts to support TLS-in-TLS.
+                    return TLSinTLSStream(
+                        self._sock, ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                    sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                        self._sock, server_hostname=server_hostname
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                self.close()
+                raise exc
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            return self._sock._sslobj  # type: ignore
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        # Note that we automatically include `TCP_NODELAY`
+        # in addition to any other custom socket options.
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        address = (host, port)
+        source_address = None if local_address is None else (local_address, 0)
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.create_connection(
+                address,
+                timeout,
+                source_address=source_address,
+            )
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)  # pragma: no cover
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to connect to a UNIX socket on a Windows system."
+            )
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)
+            sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            sock.connect(path)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f53f5f2a025e01e9949e2530bd9ca6928859251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import trio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class TrioStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: trio.abc.Stream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ReadTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                data: bytes = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                return data
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: WriteTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                await self._stream.send_all(data=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        ssl_stream = trio.SSLStream(
+            self._stream,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            https_compatible=True,
+            server_side=False,
+        )
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                    await ssl_stream.do_handshake()
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return TrioStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            # Type checkers cannot see `_ssl_object` attribute because trio._ssl.SSLStream uses __getattr__/__setattr__.
+            # Tracked at https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/542
+            return self._stream._ssl_object  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            stream = self._stream
+            while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+                stream = stream.transport_stream
+            assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+            return stream.socket
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            socket = self.get_extra_info("socket")
+            return socket.is_readable()
+        return None
+
+    def _get_socket_stream(self) -> trio.SocketStream:
+        stream = self._stream
+        while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            stream = stream.transport_stream
+        assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+        return stream
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        # By default for TCP sockets, trio enables TCP_NODELAY.
+        # https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-io.html#trio.SocketStream
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_tcp_stream(
+                    host=host, port=port, local_address=local_address
+                )
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_unix_socket(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b476d76d9a7ff45de8d18ec22d33d6af2982f92e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import HTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class HTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import SOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class SOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "HTTPConnection",
+    "ConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPProxy",
+    "HTTP11Connection",
+    "HTTP2Connection",
+    "ConnectionInterface",
+    "SOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..363f8be819d2576ea65365e625dd1596ea40429a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = Lock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def _connect(self, request: Request) -> NetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ccfa53e597a29ee387f9d16f3af4f695ac0d33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Event, ShieldCancellation, ThreadLock
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface, RequestInterface
+
+
+class PoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: ConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class ConnectionPool(RequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[ConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[PoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = ThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import Socks5Connection
+
+                return Socks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import ForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import TunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return HTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <HTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = PoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = connection.handle_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    def _close_connections(self, closing: list[ConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with ShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                connection.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.Iterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: PoolRequest,
+        pool: ConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.close()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "close"):
+                    self._stream.close()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebd3a97480c720d418acb1285a7b75da19b62c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP11Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = HTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                self.close()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # The ConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: HTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class HTTP11UpgradeStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: NetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddcc189001c50c37c6a03810dc21d955df919f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, Semaphore, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP2Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = Lock()
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._read_lock = Lock()
+        self._write_lock = Lock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with ShieldCancellation():
+                        self.close()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = Semaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for data in request.stream:
+            self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                self.close()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: HTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecca88f7dc93b78f2aa26f16cf29d17a8a83ae27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class HTTPProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class ForwardHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return self._connection.handle_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class TunnelHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = self._connection.handle_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    self._connection.close()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e673d4cc1b1dd7e7ecdbde91fd6ada386c3de03f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class RequestInterface:
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            response.read()
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class ConnectionInterface(RequestInterface):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ca96ddfb580b19413797f41e79f7abcecdd9d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: NetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class SOCKSProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        return Socks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class Socks5Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab79d16a3f4c6c894c028d1f7431811e8711b42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyright © 2019, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a321053b29bcd48698cf2bd74a1d19c8556aefb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .asgi import *
+from .base import *
+from .default import *
+from .mock import *
+from .wsgi import *
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bc4efae0e1b14620f75f712eb15ecf500d14eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import asyncio
+
+    import trio
+
+    Event = typing.Union[asyncio.Event, trio.Event]
+
+
+_Message = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+_Receive = typing.Callable[[], typing.Awaitable[_Message]]
+_Send = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+_ASGIApp = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any], _Receive, _Send], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+
+__all__ = ["ASGITransport"]
+
+
+def is_running_trio() -> bool:
+    try:
+        # sniffio is a dependency of trio.
+
+        # See https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/2802
+        import sniffio
+
+        if sniffio.current_async_library() == "trio":
+            return True
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        pass
+
+    return False
+
+
+def create_event() -> Event:
+    if is_running_trio():
+        import trio
+
+        return trio.Event()
+
+    import asyncio
+
+    return asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class ASGIResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, body: list[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._body = body
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield b"".join(self._body)
+
+
+class ASGITransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom AsyncTransport that handles sending requests directly to an ASGI app.
+
+    ```python
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        root_path="/submount",
+        client=("1.2.3.4", 123)
+    )
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `root_path` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `client` - A two-tuple indicating the client IP and port of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: _ASGIApp,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("127.0.0.1", 123),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.client = client
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+
+        # ASGI scope.
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": "3.0"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "headers": [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in request.headers.raw],
+            "scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "raw_path": request.url.raw_path.split(b"?")[0],
+            "query_string": request.url.query,
+            "server": (request.url.host, request.url.port),
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+        }
+
+        # Request.
+        request_body_chunks = request.stream.__aiter__()
+        request_complete = False
+
+        # Response.
+        status_code = None
+        response_headers = None
+        body_parts = []
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete = create_event()
+
+        # ASGI callables.
+
+        async def receive() -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            try:
+                body = await request_body_chunks.__anext__()
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                request_complete = True
+                return {"type": "http.request", "body": b"", "more_body": False}
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body, "more_body": True}
+
+        async def send(message: typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_code, response_headers, response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started
+
+                status_code = message["status"]
+                response_headers = message.get("headers", [])
+                response_started = True
+
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert not response_complete.is_set()
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+                if body and request.method != "HEAD":
+                    body_parts.append(body)
+
+                if not more_body:
+                    response_complete.set()
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE-786
+            if self.raise_app_exceptions:
+                raise
+
+            response_complete.set()
+            if status_code is None:
+                status_code = 500
+            if response_headers is None:
+                response_headers = {}
+
+        assert response_complete.is_set()
+        assert status_code is not None
+        assert response_headers is not None
+
+        stream = ASGIResponseStream(body_parts)
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=response_headers, stream=stream)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66fd99d702480b555c06694fe14715ea6df3dfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="BaseTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncBaseTransport")
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncBaseTransport", "BaseTransport"]
+
+
+class BaseTransport:
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP request and return a response.
+
+        Developers shouldn't typically ever need to call into this API directly,
+        since the Client class provides all the higher level user-facing API
+        niceties.
+
+        In order to properly release any network resources, the response
+        stream should *either* be consumed immediately, with a call to
+        `response.stream.read()`, or else the `handle_request` call should
+        be followed with a try/finally block to ensuring the stream is
+        always closed.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with httpx.HTTPTransport() as transport:
+                req = httpx.Request(
+                    method=b"GET",
+                    url=(b"https", b"www.example.com", 443, b"/"),
+                    headers=[(b"Host", b"www.example.com")],
+                )
+                resp = transport.handle_request(req)
+                body = resp.stream.read()
+                print(resp.status_code, resp.headers, body)
+
+
+        Takes a `Request` instance as the only argument.
+
+        Returns a `Response` instance.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncBaseTransport:
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_async_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5aa05ff234fd3fbf4fee88c4a7d3e3c151a538f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+"""
+Custom transports, with nicely configured defaults.
+
+The following additional keyword arguments are currently supported by httpcore...
+
+* uds: str
+* local_address: str
+* retries: int
+
+Example usages...
+
+# Disable HTTP/2 on a single specific domain.
+mounts = {
+    "all://": httpx.HTTPTransport(http2=True),
+    "all://*example.org": httpx.HTTPTransport()
+}
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with connection retries.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(retries=1)
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with unix domain sockets.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(uds="socket.uds")
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+    import httpx  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .._config import DEFAULT_LIMITS, Limits, Proxy, create_ssl_context
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream, CertTypes, ProxyTypes, SyncByteStream
+from .._urls import URL
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="HTTPTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncHTTPTransport")
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncHTTPTransport", "HTTPTransport"]
+
+HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP: dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]] = {}
+
+
+def _load_httpcore_exceptions() -> dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]]:
+    import httpcore
+
+    return {
+        httpcore.TimeoutException: TimeoutException,
+        httpcore.ConnectTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+        httpcore.ReadTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+        httpcore.WriteTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+        httpcore.PoolTimeout: PoolTimeout,
+        httpcore.NetworkError: NetworkError,
+        httpcore.ConnectError: ConnectError,
+        httpcore.ReadError: ReadError,
+        httpcore.WriteError: WriteError,
+        httpcore.ProxyError: ProxyError,
+        httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: UnsupportedProtocol,
+        httpcore.ProtocolError: ProtocolError,
+        httpcore.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError,
+        httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError,
+    }
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_httpcore_exceptions() -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    global HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP
+    if len(HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP) == 0:
+        HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP = _load_httpcore_exceptions()
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:
+        mapped_exc = None
+
+        for from_exc, to_exc in HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP.items():
+            if not isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                continue
+            # We want to map to the most specific exception we can find.
+            # Eg if `exc` is an `httpcore.ReadTimeout`, we want to map to
+            # `httpx.ReadTimeout`, not just `httpx.TimeoutException`.
+            if mapped_exc is None or issubclass(to_exc, mapped_exc):
+                mapped_exc = to_exc
+
+        if mapped_exc is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+
+        message = str(exc)
+        raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
+
+
+class ResponseStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "close"):
+            self._httpcore_stream.close()
+
+
+class HTTPTransport(BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.ConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.HTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.SOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                f" but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        self._pool.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._pool.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = self._pool.handle_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.Iterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=ResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._pool.close()
+
+
+class AsyncResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            async for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "aclose"):
+            await self._httpcore_stream.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncSOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                " but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        await self._pool.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._pool.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = await self._pool.handle_async_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=AsyncResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._pool.aclose()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c418f59e06cae43abdbb626ec21cafc7e8c6277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+SyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], Response]
+AsyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], typing.Coroutine[None, None, Response]]
+
+
+__all__ = ["MockTransport"]
+
+
+class MockTransport(AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(self, handler: SyncHandler | AsyncHandler) -> None:
+        self.handler = handler
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError("Cannot use an async handler in a sync Client")
+        return response
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        await request.aread()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+
+        # Allow handler to *optionally* be an `async` function.
+        # If it is, then the `response` variable need to be awaited to actually
+        # return the result.
+
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):
+            response = await response
+
+        return response
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8592ffe017a87367cc7578184540096a9682908d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import itertools
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import SyncByteStream
+from .base import BaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OptExcInfo  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication  # pragma: no cover
+
+_T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+__all__ = ["WSGITransport"]
+
+
+def _skip_leading_empty_chunks(body: typing.Iterable[_T]) -> typing.Iterable[_T]:
+    body = iter(body)
+    for chunk in body:
+        if chunk:
+            return itertools.chain([chunk], body)
+    return []
+
+
+class WSGIByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, result: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._close = getattr(result, "close", None)
+        self._result = _skip_leading_empty_chunks(result)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for part in self._result:
+            yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._close is not None:
+            self._close()
+
+
+class WSGITransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom transport that handles sending requests directly to an WSGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.Client(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the WSGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.WSGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        script_name="/submount",
+        remote_addr="1.2.3.4"
+    )
+    client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The WSGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `script_name` - The root path on which the WSGI application should be mounted.
+    * `remote_addr` - A string indicating the client IP of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        script_name: str = "",
+        remote_addr: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        wsgi_errors: typing.TextIO | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+        self.wsgi_errors = wsgi_errors
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        wsgi_input = io.BytesIO(request.content)
+
+        port = request.url.port or {"http": 80, "https": 443}[request.url.scheme]
+        environ = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "wsgi.input": wsgi_input,
+            "wsgi.errors": self.wsgi_errors or sys.stderr,
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": False,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": request.method,
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": self.script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": request.url.path,
+            "QUERY_STRING": request.url.query.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_NAME": request.url.host,
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(port),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/1.1",
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.remote_addr,
+        }
+        for header_key, header_value in request.headers.raw:
+            key = header_key.decode("ascii").upper().replace("-", "_")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = "HTTP_" + key
+            environ[key] = header_value.decode("ascii")
+
+        seen_status = None
+        seen_response_headers = None
+        seen_exc_info = None
+
+        def start_response(
+            status: str,
+            response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+            exc_info: OptExcInfo | None = None,
+        ) -> typing.Callable[[bytes], typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal seen_status, seen_response_headers, seen_exc_info
+            seen_status = status
+            seen_response_headers = response_headers
+            seen_exc_info = exc_info
+            return lambda _: None
+
+        result = self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        stream = WSGIByteStream(result)
+
+        assert seen_status is not None
+        assert seen_response_headers is not None
+        if seen_exc_info and seen_exc_info[0] and self.raise_app_exceptions:
+            raise seen_exc_info[1]
+
+        status_code = int(seen_status.split()[0])
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for key, value in seen_response_headers
+        ]
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=headers, stream=stream)
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/_async_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3452 @@
+# Copyright 2023-present, the HuggingFace Inc. team.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# WARNING
+# This entire file has been adapted from the sync-client code in `src/huggingface_hub/inference/_client.py`.
+# Any change in InferenceClient will be automatically reflected in AsyncInferenceClient.
+# To re-generate the code, run `make style` or `python ./utils/generate_async_inference_client.py --update`.
+# WARNING
+import asyncio
+import base64
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import warnings
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterable, Literal, Optional, Union, overload
+
+import httpx
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+from huggingface_hub.errors import BadRequestError, HfHubHTTPError, InferenceTimeoutError
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import (
+    TASKS_EXPECTING_IMAGES,
+    ContentT,
+    RequestParameters,
+    _async_stream_chat_completion_response,
+    _async_stream_text_generation_response,
+    _b64_encode,
+    _b64_to_image,
+    _bytes_to_dict,
+    _bytes_to_image,
+    _bytes_to_list,
+    _get_unsupported_text_generation_kwargs,
+    _import_numpy,
+    _set_unsupported_text_generation_kwargs,
+    raise_text_generation_error,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.inference._generated.types import (
+    AudioClassificationOutputElement,
+    AudioClassificationOutputTransform,
+    AudioToAudioOutputElement,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput,
+    ChatCompletionInputGrammarType,
+    ChatCompletionInputMessage,
+    ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions,
+    ChatCompletionInputTool,
+    ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass,
+    ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum,
+    ChatCompletionOutput,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutput,
+    DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    FillMaskOutputElement,
+    ImageClassificationOutputElement,
+    ImageClassificationOutputTransform,
+    ImageSegmentationOutputElement,
+    ImageSegmentationSubtask,
+    ImageToImageTargetSize,
+    ImageToTextOutput,
+    ImageToVideoTargetSize,
+    ObjectDetectionOutputElement,
+    Padding,
+    QuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    SummarizationOutput,
+    SummarizationTruncationStrategy,
+    TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    TextClassificationOutputElement,
+    TextClassificationOutputTransform,
+    TextGenerationInputGrammarType,
+    TextGenerationOutput,
+    TextGenerationStreamOutput,
+    TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum,
+    TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy,
+    TokenClassificationOutputElement,
+    TranslationOutput,
+    TranslationTruncationStrategy,
+    VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement,
+    ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers import PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T, get_provider_helper
+from huggingface_hub.utils import (
+    build_hf_headers,
+    get_async_session,
+    hf_raise_for_status,
+    validate_hf_hub_args,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.utils._auth import get_token
+
+from .._common import _async_yield_from
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import numpy as np
+    from PIL.Image import Image
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+MODEL_KWARGS_NOT_USED_REGEX = re.compile(r"The following `model_kwargs` are not used by the model: \[(.*?)\]")
+
+
+class AsyncInferenceClient:
+    """
+    Initialize a new Inference Client.
+
+    [`InferenceClient`] aims to provide a unified experience to perform inference. The client can be used
+    seamlessly with either the (free) Inference API, self-hosted Inference Endpoints, or third-party Inference Providers.
+
+    Args:
+        model (`str`, `optional`):
+            The model to run inference with. Can be a model id hosted on the Hugging Face Hub, e.g. `meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct`
+            or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint. Defaults to None, in which case a recommended model is
+            automatically selected for the task.
+            Note: for better compatibility with OpenAI's client, `model` has been aliased as `base_url`. Those 2
+            arguments are mutually exclusive. If a URL is passed as `model` or `base_url` for chat completion, the `(/v1)/chat/completions` suffix path will be appended to the URL.
+        provider (`str`, *optional*):
+            Name of the provider to use for inference. Can be `"black-forest-labs"`, `"cerebras"`, `"clarifai"`, `"cohere"`, `"deepinfra"`, `"fal-ai"`, `"featherless-ai"`, `"fireworks-ai"`, `"groq"`, `"hf-inference"`, `"hyperbolic"`, `"nebius"`, `"novita"`, `"nscale"`, `"nvidia"`, `"openai"`, `"ovhcloud"`, `"publicai"`, `"replicate"`, `"sambanova"`, `"scaleway"`, `"together"`, `"wavespeed"` or `"zai-org"`.
+            Defaults to "auto": automatic routing, which defaults to "fastest" provider; you can
+            switch to "cheapest" or "preferred" provider order at https://hf.co/settings/inference-providers.
+            If model is a URL or `base_url` is passed, then `provider` is not used.
+        token (`str`, *optional*):
+            Hugging Face token. Will default to the locally saved token if not provided.
+            Note: for better compatibility with OpenAI's client, `token` has been aliased as `api_key`. Those 2
+            arguments are mutually exclusive and have the exact same behavior.
+        timeout (`float`, `optional`):
+            The maximum number of seconds to wait for a response from the server. Defaults to None, meaning it will loop until the server is available.
+        headers (`dict[str, str]`, `optional`):
+            Additional headers to send to the server. By default only the authorization and user-agent headers are sent.
+            Values in this dictionary will override the default values.
+        bill_to (`str`, `optional`):
+            The billing account to use for the requests. By default the requests are billed on the user's account.
+            Requests can only be billed to an organization the user is a member of, and which has subscribed to Enterprise Hub.
+        cookies (`dict[str, str]`, `optional`):
+            Additional cookies to send to the server.
+        base_url (`str`, `optional`):
+            Base URL to run inference. This is a duplicated argument from `model` to make [`InferenceClient`]
+            follow the same pattern as `openai.OpenAI` client. Cannot be used if `model` is set. Defaults to None.
+        api_key (`str`, `optional`):
+            Token to use for authentication. This is a duplicated argument from `token` to make [`InferenceClient`]
+            follow the same pattern as `openai.OpenAI` client. Cannot be used if `token` is set. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    provider: PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T | None
+
+    @validate_hf_hub_args
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        provider: PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T | None = None,
+        token: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        cookies: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        bill_to: str | None = None,
+        # OpenAI compatibility
+        base_url: str | None = None,
+        api_key: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if model is not None and base_url is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Received both `model` and `base_url` arguments. Please provide only one of them."
+                " `base_url` is an alias for `model` to make the API compatible with OpenAI's client."
+                " If using `base_url` for chat completion, the `/chat/completions` suffix path will be appended to the base url."
+                " When passing a URL as `model`, the client will not append any suffix path to it."
+            )
+        if token is not None and api_key is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Received both `token` and `api_key` arguments. Please provide only one of them."
+                " `api_key` is an alias for `token` to make the API compatible with OpenAI's client."
+                " It has the exact same behavior as `token`."
+            )
+        token = token if token is not None else api_key
+        if isinstance(token, bool):
+            # Legacy behavior: previously it was possible to pass `token=False` to disable authentication. This is not
+            # supported anymore as authentication is required. Better to explicitly raise here rather than risking
+            # sending the locally saved token without the user knowing about it.
+            if token is False:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cannot use `token=False` to disable authentication as authentication is required to run Inference."
+                )
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using `token=True` to automatically use the locally saved token is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. "
+                "Please use `token=None` instead (default).",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            token = get_token()
+
+        self.model: str | None = base_url or model
+        self.token: str | None = token
+
+        self.headers = {**headers} if headers is not None else {}
+        if bill_to is not None:
+            if (
+                constants.HUGGINGFACE_HEADER_X_BILL_TO in self.headers
+                and self.headers[constants.HUGGINGFACE_HEADER_X_BILL_TO] != bill_to
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Overriding existing '{self.headers[constants.HUGGINGFACE_HEADER_X_BILL_TO]}' value in headers with '{bill_to}'.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+            self.headers[constants.HUGGINGFACE_HEADER_X_BILL_TO] = bill_to
+
+            if token is not None and not token.startswith("hf_"):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "You've provided an external provider's API key, so requests will be billed directly by the provider. "
+                    "The `bill_to` parameter is only applicable for Hugging Face billing and will be ignored.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+
+        # Configure provider
+        self.provider = provider  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        self.cookies = cookies
+        self.timeout = timeout
+
+        self.exit_stack = AsyncExitStack()
+        self._async_client: Optional[httpx.AsyncClient] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<InferenceClient(model='{self.model if self.model else ''}', timeout={self.timeout})>"
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        await self.close()
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the client.
+
+        This method is automatically called when using the client as a context manager.
+        """
+        await self.exit_stack.aclose()
+
+    async def _get_async_client(self):
+        """Get a unique async client for this AsyncInferenceClient instance.
+
+        Returns the same client instance on subsequent calls, ensuring proper
+        connection reuse and resource management through the exit stack.
+        """
+        if self._async_client is None:
+            self._async_client = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(get_async_session())
+        return self._async_client
+
+    @overload
+    async def _inner_post(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        self, request_parameters: RequestParameters, *, stream: Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def _inner_post(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        self, request_parameters: RequestParameters, *, stream: Literal[True] = ...
+    ) -> AsyncIterable[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def _inner_post(
+        self, request_parameters: RequestParameters, *, stream: bool = False
+    ) -> bytes | AsyncIterable[str]: ...
+
+    async def _inner_post(
+        self, request_parameters: RequestParameters, *, stream: bool = False
+    ) -> bytes | AsyncIterable[str]:
+        """Make a request to the inference server."""
+
+        # TODO: this should be handled in provider helpers directly
+        if request_parameters.task in TASKS_EXPECTING_IMAGES and "Accept" not in request_parameters.headers:
+            request_parameters.headers["Accept"] = "image/png"
+
+        try:
+            client = await self._get_async_client()
+            if stream:
+                response = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(
+                    client.stream(
+                        "POST",
+                        request_parameters.url,
+                        json=request_parameters.json,
+                        data=request_parameters.data,
+                        headers=request_parameters.headers,
+                        cookies=self.cookies,
+                        timeout=self.timeout,
+                    )
+                )
+                hf_raise_for_status(response)
+                return _async_yield_from(client, response)
+            else:
+                response = await client.post(
+                    request_parameters.url,
+                    json=request_parameters.json,
+                    data=request_parameters.data,
+                    headers=request_parameters.headers,
+                    cookies=self.cookies,
+                    timeout=self.timeout,
+                )
+                hf_raise_for_status(response)
+                return response.content
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError as error:
+            # Convert any `TimeoutError` to a `InferenceTimeoutError`
+            raise InferenceTimeoutError(f"Inference call timed out: {request_parameters.url}") from error  # type: ignore
+        except HfHubHTTPError as error:
+            if error.response.status_code == 422 and request_parameters.task != "unknown":
+                msg = str(error.args[0])
+                if len(error.response.text) > 0:
+                    msg += f"{os.linesep}{error.response.text}{os.linesep}"
+                error.args = (msg,) + error.args[1:]
+            raise
+
+    async def audio_classification(
+        self,
+        audio: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        function_to_apply: Optional["AudioClassificationOutputTransform"] = None,
+    ) -> list[AudioClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform audio classification on the provided audio content.
+
+        Args:
+            audio (Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO]):
+                The audio content to classify. It can be raw audio bytes, a local audio file, or a URL pointing to an
+                audio file.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for audio classification. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub
+                or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for
+                audio classification will be used.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes.
+            function_to_apply (`"AudioClassificationOutputTransform"`, *optional*):
+                The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[AudioClassificationOutputElement]`: List of [`AudioClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the predicted labels and their confidence.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.audio_classification("audio.flac")
+        [
+            AudioClassificationOutputElement(score=0.4976358711719513, label='hap'),
+            AudioClassificationOutputElement(score=0.3677836060523987, label='neu'),
+            ...
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="audio-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=audio,
+            parameters={"function_to_apply": function_to_apply, "top_k": top_k},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return AudioClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def audio_to_audio(
+        self,
+        audio: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[AudioToAudioOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Performs multiple tasks related to audio-to-audio depending on the model (eg: speech enhancement, source separation).
+
+        Args:
+            audio (Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO]):
+                The audio content for the model. It can be raw audio bytes, a local audio file, or a URL pointing to an
+                audio file.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model can be any model which takes an audio file and returns another audio file. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub
+                or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for
+                audio_to_audio will be used.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[AudioToAudioOutputElement]`: A list of [`AudioToAudioOutputElement`] items containing audios label, content-type, and audio content in blob.
+
+        Raises:
+            `InferenceTimeoutError`:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> audio_output = await client.audio_to_audio("audio.flac")
+        >>> async for i, item in enumerate(audio_output):
+        >>>     with open(f"output_{i}.flac", "wb") as f:
+                    f.write(item.blob)
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="audio-to-audio", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=audio,
+            parameters={},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        audio_output = AudioToAudioOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+        for item in audio_output:
+            item.blob = base64.b64decode(item.blob)
+        return audio_output
+
+    async def automatic_speech_recognition(
+        self,
+        audio: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput:
+        """
+        Perform automatic speech recognition (ASR or audio-to-text) on the given audio content.
+
+        Args:
+            audio (Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO]):
+                The content to transcribe. It can be raw audio bytes, local audio file, or a URL to an audio file.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for ASR. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for ASR will be used.
+            extra_body (`dict`, *optional*):
+                Additional provider-specific parameters to pass to the model. Refer to the provider's documentation
+                for supported parameters.
+        Returns:
+            [`AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput`]: An item containing the transcribed text and optionally the timestamp chunks.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.automatic_speech_recognition("hello_world.flac").text
+        "hello world"
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="automatic-speech-recognition", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=audio,
+            parameters={**(extra_body or {})},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_params=request_parameters)
+        return AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput.parse_obj_as_instance(response)
+
+    @overload
+    async def chat_completion(  # type: ignore
+        self,
+        messages: list[dict | ChatCompletionInputMessage],
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        stream: Literal[False] = False,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        logit_bias: list[float] | None = None,
+        logprobs: bool | None = None,
+        max_tokens: int | None = None,
+        n: int | None = None,
+        presence_penalty: float | None = None,
+        response_format: ChatCompletionInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stream_options: ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions | None = None,
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        tool_choice: Union[ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass, "ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum"] | None = None,
+        tool_prompt: str | None = None,
+        tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] | None = None,
+        top_logprobs: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> ChatCompletionOutput: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def chat_completion(  # type: ignore
+        self,
+        messages: list[dict | ChatCompletionInputMessage],
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        stream: Literal[True] = True,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        logit_bias: list[float] | None = None,
+        logprobs: bool | None = None,
+        max_tokens: int | None = None,
+        n: int | None = None,
+        presence_penalty: float | None = None,
+        response_format: ChatCompletionInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stream_options: ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions | None = None,
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        tool_choice: Union[ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass, "ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum"] | None = None,
+        tool_prompt: str | None = None,
+        tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] | None = None,
+        top_logprobs: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncIterable[ChatCompletionStreamOutput]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def chat_completion(
+        self,
+        messages: list[dict | ChatCompletionInputMessage],
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        logit_bias: list[float] | None = None,
+        logprobs: bool | None = None,
+        max_tokens: int | None = None,
+        n: int | None = None,
+        presence_penalty: float | None = None,
+        response_format: ChatCompletionInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stream_options: ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions | None = None,
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        tool_choice: Union[ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass, "ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum"] | None = None,
+        tool_prompt: str | None = None,
+        tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] | None = None,
+        top_logprobs: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> ChatCompletionOutput | AsyncIterable[ChatCompletionStreamOutput]: ...
+
+    async def chat_completion(
+        self,
+        messages: list[dict | ChatCompletionInputMessage],
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        # Parameters from ChatCompletionInput (handled manually)
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        logit_bias: list[float] | None = None,
+        logprobs: bool | None = None,
+        max_tokens: int | None = None,
+        n: int | None = None,
+        presence_penalty: float | None = None,
+        response_format: ChatCompletionInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stream_options: ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions | None = None,
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        tool_choice: Union[ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass, "ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum"] | None = None,
+        tool_prompt: str | None = None,
+        tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] | None = None,
+        top_logprobs: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> ChatCompletionOutput | AsyncIterable[ChatCompletionStreamOutput]:
+        """
+        A method for completing conversations using a specified language model.
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > The `client.chat_completion` method is aliased as `client.chat.completions.create` for compatibility with OpenAI's client.
+        > Inputs and outputs are strictly the same and using either syntax will yield the same results.
+        > Check out the [Inference guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/guides/inference#openai-compatibility)
+        > for more details about OpenAI's compatibility.
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > You can pass provider-specific parameters to the model by using the `extra_body` argument.
+
+        Args:
+            messages (List of [`ChatCompletionInputMessage`]):
+                Conversation history consisting of roles and content pairs.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for chat-completion. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for chat-based text-generation will be used.
+                See https://huggingface.co/tasks/text-generation for more details.
+                If `model` is a model ID, it is passed to the server as the `model` parameter. If you want to define a
+                custom URL while setting `model` in the request payload, you must set `base_url` when initializing [`InferenceClient`].
+            frequency_penalty (`float`, *optional*):
+                Penalizes new tokens based on their existing frequency
+                in the text so far. Range: [-2.0, 2.0]. Defaults to 0.0.
+            logit_bias (`list[float]`, *optional*):
+                Adjusts the likelihood of specific tokens appearing in the generated output.
+            logprobs (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to return log probabilities of the output tokens or not. If true, returns the log
+                probabilities of each output token returned in the content of message.
+            max_tokens (`int`, *optional*):
+                Maximum number of tokens allowed in the response. Defaults to 100.
+            n (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of completions to generate for each prompt.
+            presence_penalty (`float`, *optional*):
+                Number between -2.0 and 2.0. Positive values penalize new tokens based on whether they appear in the
+                text so far, increasing the model's likelihood to talk about new topics.
+            response_format ([`ChatCompletionInputGrammarType`], *optional*):
+                Grammar constraints. Can be either a JSONSchema or a regex.
+            seed (Optional[`int`], *optional*):
+                Seed for reproducible control flow. Defaults to None.
+            stop (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                Up to four strings which trigger the end of the response.
+                Defaults to None.
+            stream (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Enable realtime streaming of responses. Defaults to False.
+            stream_options ([`ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions`], *optional*):
+                Options for streaming completions.
+            temperature (`float`, *optional*):
+                Controls randomness of the generations. Lower values ensure
+                less random completions. Range: [0, 2]. Defaults to 1.0.
+            top_logprobs (`int`, *optional*):
+                An integer between 0 and 5 specifying the number of most likely tokens to return at each token
+                position, each with an associated log probability. logprobs must be set to true if this parameter is
+                used.
+            top_p (`float`, *optional*):
+                Fraction of the most likely next words to sample from.
+                Must be between 0 and 1. Defaults to 1.0.
+            tool_choice ([`ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass`] or [`ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum`], *optional*):
+                The tool to use for the completion. Defaults to "auto".
+            tool_prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                A prompt to be appended before the tools.
+            tools (List of [`ChatCompletionInputTool`], *optional*):
+                A list of tools the model may call. Currently, only functions are supported as a tool. Use this to
+                provide a list of functions the model may generate JSON inputs for.
+            extra_body (`dict`, *optional*):
+                Additional provider-specific parameters to pass to the model. Refer to the provider's documentation
+                for supported parameters.
+        Returns:
+            [`ChatCompletionOutput`] or Iterable of [`ChatCompletionStreamOutput`]:
+            Generated text returned from the server:
+            - if `stream=False`, the generated text is returned as a [`ChatCompletionOutput`] (default).
+            - if `stream=True`, the generated text is returned token by token as a sequence of [`ChatCompletionStreamOutput`].
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?"}]
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct")
+        >>> await client.chat_completion(messages, max_tokens=100)
+        ChatCompletionOutput(
+            choices=[
+                ChatCompletionOutputComplete(
+                    finish_reason='eos_token',
+                    index=0,
+                    message=ChatCompletionOutputMessage(
+                        role='assistant',
+                        content='The capital of France is Paris.',
+                        name=None,
+                        tool_calls=None
+                    ),
+                    logprobs=None
+                )
+            ],
+            created=1719907176,
+            id='',
+            model='meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct',
+            object='text_completion',
+            system_fingerprint='2.0.4-sha-f426a33',
+            usage=ChatCompletionOutputUsage(
+                completion_tokens=8,
+                prompt_tokens=17,
+                total_tokens=25
+            )
+        )
+        ```
+
+        Example using streaming:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?"}]
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct")
+        >>> async for token in await client.chat_completion(messages, max_tokens=10, stream=True):
+        ...     print(token)
+        ChatCompletionStreamOutput(choices=[ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice(delta=ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta(content='The', role='assistant'), index=0, finish_reason=None)], created=1710498504)
+        ChatCompletionStreamOutput(choices=[ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice(delta=ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta(content=' capital', role='assistant'), index=0, finish_reason=None)], created=1710498504)
+        (...)
+        ChatCompletionStreamOutput(choices=[ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice(delta=ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta(content=' may', role='assistant'), index=0, finish_reason=None)], created=1710498504)
+        ```
+
+        Example using OpenAI's syntax:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        # instead of `from openai import OpenAI`
+        from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+
+        # instead of `client = OpenAI(...)`
+        client = AsyncInferenceClient(
+            base_url=...,
+            api_key=...,
+        )
+
+        output = await client.chat.completions.create(
+            model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
+            messages=[
+                {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
+                {"role": "user", "content": "Count to 10"},
+            ],
+            stream=True,
+            max_tokens=1024,
+        )
+
+        for chunk in output:
+            print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content)
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider directly with extra (provider-specific) parameters. Usage will be billed on your Together AI account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="together",  # Use Together AI provider
+        ...     api_key="<together_api_key>",  # Pass your Together API key directly
+        ... )
+        >>> client.chat_completion(
+        ...     model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
+        ...     messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?"}],
+        ...     extra_body={"safety_model": "Meta-Llama/Llama-Guard-7b"},
+        ... )
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider through Hugging Face Routing. Usage will be billed on your Hugging Face account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="sambanova",  # Use Sambanova provider
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> client.chat_completion(
+        ...     model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
+        ...     messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the capital of France?"}],
+        ... )
+        ```
+
+        Example using Image + Text as input:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+
+        # provide a remote URL
+        >>> image_url ="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/93061-050-99147DCE/Statue-of-Liberty-Island-New-York-Bay.jpg"
+        # or a base64-encoded image
+        >>> image_path = "/path/to/image.jpeg"
+        >>> with open(image_path, "rb") as f:
+        ...     base64_image = base64.b64encode(f.read()).decode("utf-8")
+        >>> image_url = f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{base64_image}"
+
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct")
+        >>> output = await client.chat.completions.create(
+        ...     messages=[
+        ...         {
+        ...             "role": "user",
+        ...             "content": [
+        ...                 {
+        ...                     "type": "image_url",
+        ...                     "image_url": {"url": image_url},
+        ...                 },
+        ...                 {
+        ...                     "type": "text",
+        ...                     "text": "Describe this image in one sentence.",
+        ...                 },
+        ...             ],
+        ...         },
+        ...     ],
+        ... )
+        >>> output
+        The image depicts the iconic Statue of Liberty situated in New York Harbor, New York, on a clear day.
+        ```
+
+        Example using tools:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct")
+        >>> messages = [
+        ...     {
+        ...         "role": "system",
+        ...         "content": "Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. Ask for clarification if a user request is ambiguous.",
+        ...     },
+        ...     {
+        ...         "role": "user",
+        ...         "content": "What's the weather like the next 3 days in San Francisco, CA?",
+        ...     },
+        ... ]
+        >>> tools = [
+        ...     {
+        ...         "type": "function",
+        ...         "function": {
+        ...             "name": "get_current_weather",
+        ...             "description": "Get the current weather",
+        ...             "parameters": {
+        ...                 "type": "object",
+        ...                 "properties": {
+        ...                     "location": {
+        ...                         "type": "string",
+        ...                         "description": "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA",
+        ...                     },
+        ...                     "format": {
+        ...                         "type": "string",
+        ...                         "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"],
+        ...                         "description": "The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.",
+        ...                     },
+        ...                 },
+        ...                 "required": ["location", "format"],
+        ...             },
+        ...         },
+        ...     },
+        ...     {
+        ...         "type": "function",
+        ...         "function": {
+        ...             "name": "get_n_day_weather_forecast",
+        ...             "description": "Get an N-day weather forecast",
+        ...             "parameters": {
+        ...                 "type": "object",
+        ...                 "properties": {
+        ...                     "location": {
+        ...                         "type": "string",
+        ...                         "description": "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA",
+        ...                     },
+        ...                     "format": {
+        ...                         "type": "string",
+        ...                         "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"],
+        ...                         "description": "The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.",
+        ...                     },
+        ...                     "num_days": {
+        ...                         "type": "integer",
+        ...                         "description": "The number of days to forecast",
+        ...                     },
+        ...                 },
+        ...                 "required": ["location", "format", "num_days"],
+        ...             },
+        ...         },
+        ...     },
+        ... ]
+
+        >>> response = await client.chat_completion(
+        ...     model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct",
+        ...     messages=messages,
+        ...     tools=tools,
+        ...     tool_choice="auto",
+        ...     max_tokens=500,
+        ... )
+        >>> response.choices[0].message.tool_calls[0].function
+        ChatCompletionOutputFunctionDefinition(
+            arguments={
+                'location': 'San Francisco, CA',
+                'format': 'fahrenheit',
+                'num_days': 3
+            },
+            name='get_n_day_weather_forecast',
+            description=None
+        )
+        ```
+
+        Example using response_format:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct")
+        >>> messages = [
+        ...     {
+        ...         "role": "user",
+        ...         "content": "I saw a puppy a cat and a raccoon during my bike ride in the park. What did I see and when?",
+        ...     },
+        ... ]
+        >>> response_format = {
+        ...     "type": "json",
+        ...     "value": {
+        ...         "properties": {
+        ...             "location": {"type": "string"},
+        ...             "activity": {"type": "string"},
+        ...             "animals_seen": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 5},
+        ...             "animals": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+        ...         },
+        ...         "required": ["location", "activity", "animals_seen", "animals"],
+        ...     },
+        ... }
+        >>> response = await client.chat_completion(
+        ...     messages=messages,
+        ...     response_format=response_format,
+        ...     max_tokens=500,
+        ... )
+        >>> response.choices[0].message.content
+        '{\n\n"activity": "bike ride",\n"animals": ["puppy", "cat", "raccoon"],\n"animals_seen": 3,\n"location": "park"}'
+        ```
+        """
+        # Since `chat_completion(..., model=xxx)` is also a payload parameter for the server, we need to handle 'model' differently.
+        # `self.model` takes precedence over 'model' argument for building URL.
+        # `model` takes precedence for payload value.
+        model_id_or_url = self.model or model
+        payload_model = model or self.model
+
+        # Get the provider helper
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(
+            self.provider,
+            task="conversational",
+            model=model_id_or_url
+            if model_id_or_url is not None and model_id_or_url.startswith(("http://", "https://"))
+            else payload_model,
+        )
+
+        # Prepare the payload
+        parameters = {
+            "model": payload_model,
+            "frequency_penalty": frequency_penalty,
+            "logit_bias": logit_bias,
+            "logprobs": logprobs,
+            "max_tokens": max_tokens,
+            "n": n,
+            "presence_penalty": presence_penalty,
+            "response_format": response_format,
+            "seed": seed,
+            "stop": stop,
+            "temperature": temperature,
+            "tool_choice": tool_choice,
+            "tool_prompt": tool_prompt,
+            "tools": tools,
+            "top_logprobs": top_logprobs,
+            "top_p": top_p,
+            "stream": stream,
+            "stream_options": stream_options,
+            **(extra_body or {}),
+        }
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=messages,
+            parameters=parameters,
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id_or_url,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        data = await self._inner_post(request_parameters, stream=stream)
+
+        if stream:
+            return _async_stream_chat_completion_response(data)  # type: ignore
+
+        return ChatCompletionOutput.parse_obj_as_instance(data)  # type: ignore
+
+    async def document_question_answering(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        question: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        doc_stride: int | None = None,
+        handle_impossible_answer: bool | None = None,
+        lang: str | None = None,
+        max_answer_len: int | None = None,
+        max_question_len: int | None = None,
+        max_seq_len: int | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        word_boxes: list[list[float] | str] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Answer questions on document images.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO]`):
+                The input image for the context. It can be raw bytes, an image file, or a URL to an online image.
+            question (`str`):
+                Question to be answered.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the document question answering task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended document question answering model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            doc_stride (`int`, *optional*):
+                If the words in the document are too long to fit with the question for the model, it will be split in
+                several chunks with some overlap. This argument controls the size of that overlap.
+            handle_impossible_answer (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to accept impossible as an answer
+            lang (`str`, *optional*):
+                Language to use while running OCR. Defaults to english.
+            max_answer_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of predicted answers (e.g., only answers with a shorter length are considered).
+            max_question_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of the question after tokenization. It will be truncated if needed.
+            max_seq_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of the total sentence (context + question) in tokens of each chunk passed to the
+                model. The context will be split in several chunks (using doc_stride as overlap) if needed.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Can return less than top_k
+                answers if there are not enough options available within the context.
+            word_boxes (`list[Union[list[float], str`, *optional*):
+                A list of words and bounding boxes (normalized 0->1000). If provided, the inference will skip the OCR
+                step and use the provided bounding boxes instead.
+        Returns:
+            `list[DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement]`: a list of [`DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement`] items containing the predicted label, associated probability, word ids, and page number.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.document_question_answering(image="https://huggingface.co/spaces/impira/docquery/resolve/2359223c1837a7587402bda0f2643382a6eefeab/invoice.png", question="What is the invoice number?")
+        [DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(answer='us-001', end=16, score=0.9999666213989258, start=16)]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="document-question-answering", model=model_id)
+        inputs: dict[str, Any] = {"question": question, "image": _b64_encode(image)}
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=inputs,
+            parameters={
+                "doc_stride": doc_stride,
+                "handle_impossible_answer": handle_impossible_answer,
+                "lang": lang,
+                "max_answer_len": max_answer_len,
+                "max_question_len": max_question_len,
+                "max_seq_len": max_seq_len,
+                "top_k": top_k,
+                "word_boxes": word_boxes,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def feature_extraction(
+        self,
+        text: str | list[str],
+        *,
+        normalize: bool | None = None,
+        prompt_name: str | None = None,
+        truncate: bool | None = None,
+        truncation_direction: Literal["left", "right"] | None = None,
+        dimensions: int | None = None,
+        encoding_format: Literal["float", "base64"] | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+    ) -> "np.ndarray":
+        """
+        Generate embeddings for a given text or batch of texts.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str` or `list[str]`):
+                The text or list of texts to embed.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the feature extraction task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended feature extraction model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            normalize (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to normalize the embeddings or not.
+                Only available on server powered by Text-Embedding-Inference.
+            prompt_name (`str`, *optional*):
+                The name of the prompt that should be used by for encoding. If not set, no prompt will be applied.
+                Must be a key in the `Sentence Transformers` configuration `prompts` dictionary.
+                For example if ``prompt_name`` is "query" and the ``prompts`` is {"query": "query: ",...},
+                then the sentence "What is the capital of France?" will be encoded as "query: What is the capital of France?"
+                because the prompt text will be prepended before any text to encode.
+            truncate (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to truncate the embeddings or not.
+                Only available on server powered by Text-Embedding-Inference.
+            truncation_direction (`Literal["left", "right"]`, *optional*):
+                Which side of the input should be truncated when `truncate=True` is passed.
+            dimensions (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of dimensions the resulting output embeddings should have.
+                Only available on OpenAI-compatible embedding endpoints.
+            encoding_format (`Literal["float", "base64"]`, *optional*):
+                The format of the output embeddings. Either "float" or "base64".
+                Only available on OpenAI-compatible embedding endpoints.
+
+        Returns:
+            `np.ndarray`: The embedding representing the input text(s) as a float32 numpy array.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.feature_extraction("Hi, who are you?")
+        array([[ 2.424802  ,  2.93384   ,  1.1750331 , ...,  1.240499, -0.13776633, -0.7889173 ],
+        [-0.42943227, -0.6364878 , -1.693462  , ...,  0.41978157, -2.4336355 ,  0.6162071 ],
+        ...,
+        [ 0.28552425, -0.928395  , -1.2077185 , ...,  0.76810825, -2.1069427 ,  0.6236161 ]], dtype=float32)
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="feature-extraction", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "normalize": normalize,
+                "prompt_name": prompt_name,
+                "truncate": truncate,
+                "truncation_direction": truncation_direction,
+                "dimensions": dimensions,
+                "encoding_format": encoding_format,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        np = _import_numpy()
+        return np.array(provider_helper.get_response(response), dtype="float32")
+
+    async def fill_mask(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        targets: list[str] | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[FillMaskOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Fill in a hole with a missing word (token to be precise).
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                a string to be filled from, must contain the [MASK] token (check model card for exact name of the mask).
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the fill mask task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended fill mask model will be used.
+            targets (`list[str`, *optional*):
+                When passed, the model will limit the scores to the passed targets instead of looking up in the whole
+                vocabulary. If the provided targets are not in the model vocab, they will be tokenized and the first
+                resulting token will be used (with a warning, and that might be slower).
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                When passed, overrides the number of predictions to return.
+        Returns:
+            `list[FillMaskOutputElement]`: a list of [`FillMaskOutputElement`] items containing the predicted label, associated
+            probability, token reference, and completed text.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.fill_mask("The goal of life is <mask>.")
+        [
+            FillMaskOutputElement(score=0.06897063553333282, token=11098, token_str=' happiness', sequence='The goal of life is happiness.'),
+            FillMaskOutputElement(score=0.06554922461509705, token=45075, token_str=' immortality', sequence='The goal of life is immortality.')
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="fill-mask", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={"targets": targets, "top_k": top_k},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return FillMaskOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def image_classification(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        function_to_apply: Optional["ImageClassificationOutputTransform"] = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[ImageClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform image classification on the given image using the specified model.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The image to classify. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for image classification. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a
+                deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for image classification will be used.
+            function_to_apply (`"ImageClassificationOutputTransform"`, *optional*):
+                The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes.
+        Returns:
+            `list[ImageClassificationOutputElement]`: a list of [`ImageClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the predicted label and associated probability.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.image_classification("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cute_dog.jpg/320px-Cute_dog.jpg")
+        [ImageClassificationOutputElement(label='Blenheim spaniel', score=0.9779096841812134), ...]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="image-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={"function_to_apply": function_to_apply, "top_k": top_k},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return ImageClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def image_segmentation(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        mask_threshold: float | None = None,
+        overlap_mask_area_threshold: float | None = None,
+        subtask: Optional["ImageSegmentationSubtask"] = None,
+        threshold: float | None = None,
+    ) -> list[ImageSegmentationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform image segmentation on the given image using the specified model.
+
+        > [!WARNING]
+        > You must have `PIL` installed if you want to work with images (`pip install Pillow`).
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The image to segment. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for image segmentation. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a
+                deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for image segmentation will be used.
+            mask_threshold (`float`, *optional*):
+                Threshold to use when turning the predicted masks into binary values.
+            overlap_mask_area_threshold (`float`, *optional*):
+                Mask overlap threshold to eliminate small, disconnected segments.
+            subtask (`"ImageSegmentationSubtask"`, *optional*):
+                Segmentation task to be performed, depending on model capabilities.
+            threshold (`float`, *optional*):
+                Probability threshold to filter out predicted masks.
+        Returns:
+            `list[ImageSegmentationOutputElement]`: A list of [`ImageSegmentationOutputElement`] items containing the segmented masks and associated attributes.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.image_segmentation("cat.jpg")
+        [ImageSegmentationOutputElement(score=0.989008, label='LABEL_184', mask=<PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=L size=400x300 at 0x7FDD2B129CC0>), ...]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="image-segmentation", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={
+                "mask_threshold": mask_threshold,
+                "overlap_mask_area_threshold": overlap_mask_area_threshold,
+                "subtask": subtask,
+                "threshold": threshold,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_parameters)
+        output = ImageSegmentationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+        for item in output:
+            item.mask = _b64_to_image(item.mask)  # type: ignore
+        return output
+
+    async def image_to_image(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        prompt: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        negative_prompt: str | None = None,
+        num_inference_steps: int | None = None,
+        guidance_scale: float | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        target_size: ImageToImageTargetSize | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> "Image":
+        """
+        Perform image-to-image translation using a specified model.
+
+        > [!WARNING]
+        > You must have `PIL` installed if you want to work with images (`pip install Pillow`).
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The input image for translation. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                The text prompt to guide the image generation.
+            negative_prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                One prompt to guide what NOT to include in image generation.
+            num_inference_steps (`int`, *optional*):
+                For diffusion models. The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher
+                quality image at the expense of slower inference.
+            guidance_scale (`float`, *optional*):
+                For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate images closely
+                linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+            target_size (`ImageToImageTargetSize`, *optional*):
+                The size in pixels of the output image. This parameter is only supported by some providers and for
+                specific models. It will be ignored when unsupported.
+
+        Returns:
+            `Image`: The translated image.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> image = await client.image_to_image("cat.jpg", prompt="turn the cat into a tiger")
+        >>> image.save("tiger.jpg")
+        ```
+
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="image-to-image", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={
+                "prompt": prompt,
+                "negative_prompt": negative_prompt,
+                "target_size": target_size,
+                "num_inference_steps": num_inference_steps,
+                "guidance_scale": guidance_scale,
+                **kwargs,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_parameters)
+        return _bytes_to_image(response)
+
+    async def image_to_video(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        prompt: str | None = None,
+        negative_prompt: str | None = None,
+        num_frames: float | None = None,
+        num_inference_steps: int | None = None,
+        guidance_scale: float | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        target_size: ImageToVideoTargetSize | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Generate a video from an input image.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The input image to generate a video from. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+            prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                The text prompt to guide the video generation.
+            negative_prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                One prompt to guide what NOT to include in video generation.
+            num_frames (`float`, *optional*):
+                The num_frames parameter determines how many video frames are generated.
+            num_inference_steps (`int`, *optional*):
+                For diffusion models. The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher
+                quality image at the expense of slower inference.
+            guidance_scale (`float`, *optional*):
+                For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate videos closely
+                linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+            seed (`int`, *optional*):
+                The seed to use for the video generation.
+            target_size (`ImageToVideoTargetSize`, *optional*):
+                The size in pixel of the output video frames.
+            num_inference_steps (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality video at the
+                expense of slower inference.
+            seed (`int`, *optional*):
+                Seed for the random number generator.
+
+        Returns:
+            `bytes`: The generated video.
+
+        Examples:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> video = await client.image_to_video("cat.jpg", model="Wan-AI/Wan2.2-I2V-A14B", prompt="turn the cat into a tiger")
+        >>> with open("tiger.mp4", "wb") as f:
+        ...     f.write(video)
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="image-to-video", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={
+                "prompt": prompt,
+                "negative_prompt": negative_prompt,
+                "num_frames": num_frames,
+                "num_inference_steps": num_inference_steps,
+                "guidance_scale": guidance_scale,
+                "seed": seed,
+                "target_size": target_size,
+                **kwargs,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_parameters)
+        return response
+
+    async def image_to_text(self, image: ContentT, *, model: str | None = None) -> ImageToTextOutput:
+        """
+        Takes an input image and return text.
+
+        Models can have very different outputs depending on your use case (image captioning, optical character recognition
+        (OCR), Pix2Struct, etc.). Please have a look to the model card to learn more about a model's specificities.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The input image to caption. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            [`ImageToTextOutput`]: The generated text.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.image_to_text("cat.jpg")
+        'a cat standing in a grassy field '
+        >>> await client.image_to_text("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cute_dog.jpg/320px-Cute_dog.jpg")
+        'a dog laying on the grass next to a flower pot '
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="image-to-text", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        output_list: list[ImageToTextOutput] = ImageToTextOutput.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+        return output_list[0]
+
+    async def object_detection(
+        self, image: ContentT, *, model: str | None = None, threshold: float | None = None
+    ) -> list[ObjectDetectionOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform object detection on the given image using the specified model.
+
+        > [!WARNING]
+        > You must have `PIL` installed if you want to work with images (`pip install Pillow`).
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The image to detect objects on. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for object detection. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a
+                deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for object detection (DETR) will be used.
+            threshold (`float`, *optional*):
+                The probability necessary to make a prediction.
+        Returns:
+            `list[ObjectDetectionOutputElement]`: A list of [`ObjectDetectionOutputElement`] items containing the bounding boxes and associated attributes.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+            `ValueError`:
+                If the request output is not a List.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.object_detection("people.jpg")
+        [ObjectDetectionOutputElement(score=0.9486683011054993, label='person', box=ObjectDetectionBoundingBox(xmin=59, ymin=39, xmax=420, ymax=510)), ...]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="object-detection", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={"threshold": threshold},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return ObjectDetectionOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def question_answering(
+        self,
+        question: str,
+        context: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        align_to_words: bool | None = None,
+        doc_stride: int | None = None,
+        handle_impossible_answer: bool | None = None,
+        max_answer_len: int | None = None,
+        max_question_len: int | None = None,
+        max_seq_len: int | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+    ) -> QuestionAnsweringOutputElement | list[QuestionAnsweringOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Retrieve the answer to a question from a given text.
+
+        Args:
+            question (`str`):
+                Question to be answered.
+            context (`str`):
+                The context of the question.
+            model (`str`):
+                The model to use for the question answering task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint.
+            align_to_words (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Attempts to align the answer to real words. Improves quality on space separated languages. Might hurt
+                on non-space-separated languages (like Japanese or Chinese)
+            doc_stride (`int`, *optional*):
+                If the context is too long to fit with the question for the model, it will be split in several chunks
+                with some overlap. This argument controls the size of that overlap.
+            handle_impossible_answer (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to accept impossible as an answer.
+            max_answer_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of predicted answers (e.g., only answers with a shorter length are considered).
+            max_question_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of the question after tokenization. It will be truncated if needed.
+            max_seq_len (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length of the total sentence (context + question) in tokens of each chunk passed to the
+                model. The context will be split in several chunks (using docStride as overlap) if needed.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Note that we return less than
+                topk answers if there are not enough options available within the context.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[`QuestionAnsweringOutputElement`, list[`QuestionAnsweringOutputElement`]]:
+                When top_k is 1 or not provided, it returns a single `QuestionAnsweringOutputElement`.
+                When top_k is greater than 1, it returns a list of `QuestionAnsweringOutputElement`.
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.question_answering(question="What's my name?", context="My name is Clara and I live in Berkeley.")
+        QuestionAnsweringOutputElement(answer='Clara', end=16, score=0.9326565265655518, start=11)
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="question-answering", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs={"question": question, "context": context},
+            parameters={
+                "align_to_words": align_to_words,
+                "doc_stride": doc_stride,
+                "handle_impossible_answer": handle_impossible_answer,
+                "max_answer_len": max_answer_len,
+                "max_question_len": max_question_len,
+                "max_seq_len": max_seq_len,
+                "top_k": top_k,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        # Parse the response as a single `QuestionAnsweringOutputElement` when top_k is 1 or not provided, or a list of `QuestionAnsweringOutputElement` to ensure backward compatibility.
+        output = QuestionAnsweringOutputElement.parse_obj(response)
+        return output
+
+    async def sentence_similarity(
+        self, sentence: str, other_sentences: list[str], *, model: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[float]:
+        """
+        Compute the semantic similarity between a sentence and a list of other sentences by comparing their embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            sentence (`str`):
+                The main sentence to compare to others.
+            other_sentences (`list[str]`):
+                The list of sentences to compare to.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the sentence similarity task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended sentence similarity model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[float]`: The embedding representing the input text.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.sentence_similarity(
+        ...     "Machine learning is so easy.",
+        ...     other_sentences=[
+        ...         "Deep learning is so straightforward.",
+        ...         "This is so difficult, like rocket science.",
+        ...         "I can't believe how much I struggled with this.",
+        ...     ],
+        ... )
+        [0.7785726189613342, 0.45876261591911316, 0.2906220555305481]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="sentence-similarity", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs={"source_sentence": sentence, "sentences": other_sentences},
+            parameters={},
+            extra_payload={},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return _bytes_to_list(response)
+
+    async def summarization(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        clean_up_tokenization_spaces: bool | None = None,
+        generate_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        truncation: Optional["SummarizationTruncationStrategy"] = None,
+    ) -> SummarizationOutput:
+        """
+        Generate a summary of a given text using a specified model.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                The input text to summarize.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended model for summarization will be used.
+            clean_up_tokenization_spaces (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to clean up the potential extra spaces in the text output.
+            generate_parameters (`dict[str, Any]`, *optional*):
+                Additional parametrization of the text generation algorithm.
+            truncation (`"SummarizationTruncationStrategy"`, *optional*):
+                The truncation strategy to use.
+        Returns:
+            [`SummarizationOutput`]: The generated summary text.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.summarization("The Eiffel tower...")
+        SummarizationOutput(generated_text="The Eiffel tower is one of the most famous landmarks in the world....")
+        ```
+        """
+        parameters = {
+            "clean_up_tokenization_spaces": clean_up_tokenization_spaces,
+            "generate_parameters": generate_parameters,
+            "truncation": truncation,
+        }
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="summarization", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters=parameters,
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return SummarizationOutput.parse_obj_as_list(response)[0]
+
+    async def table_question_answering(
+        self,
+        table: dict[str, Any],
+        query: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        padding: Optional["Padding"] = None,
+        sequential: bool | None = None,
+        truncation: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement:
+        """
+        Retrieve the answer to a question from information given in a table.
+
+        Args:
+            table (`str`):
+                A table of data represented as a dict of lists where entries are headers and the lists are all the
+                values, all lists must have the same size.
+            query (`str`):
+                The query in plain text that you want to ask the table.
+            model (`str`):
+                The model to use for the table-question-answering task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face
+                Hub or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint.
+            padding (`"Padding"`, *optional*):
+                Activates and controls padding.
+            sequential (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to do inference sequentially or as a batch. Batching is faster, but models like SQA require the
+                inference to be done sequentially to extract relations within sequences, given their conversational
+                nature.
+            truncation (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Activates and controls truncation.
+
+        Returns:
+            [`TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement`]: a table question answering output containing the answer, coordinates, cells and the aggregator used.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> query = "How many stars does the transformers repository have?"
+        >>> table = {"Repository": ["Transformers", "Datasets", "Tokenizers"], "Stars": ["36542", "4512", "3934"]}
+        >>> await client.table_question_answering(table, query, model="google/tapas-base-finetuned-wtq")
+        TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(answer='36542', coordinates=[[0, 1]], cells=['36542'], aggregator='AVERAGE')
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="table-question-answering", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs={"query": query, "table": table},
+            parameters={"model": model, "padding": padding, "sequential": sequential, "truncation": truncation},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement.parse_obj_as_instance(response)
+
+    async def tabular_classification(self, table: dict[str, Any], *, model: str | None = None) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Classifying a target category (a group) based on a set of attributes.
+
+        Args:
+            table (`dict[str, Any]`):
+                Set of attributes to classify.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the tabular classification task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended tabular classification model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            `List`: a list of labels, one per row in the initial table.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> table = {
+        ...     "fixed_acidity": ["7.4", "7.8", "10.3"],
+        ...     "volatile_acidity": ["0.7", "0.88", "0.32"],
+        ...     "citric_acid": ["0", "0", "0.45"],
+        ...     "residual_sugar": ["1.9", "2.6", "6.4"],
+        ...     "chlorides": ["0.076", "0.098", "0.073"],
+        ...     "free_sulfur_dioxide": ["11", "25", "5"],
+        ...     "total_sulfur_dioxide": ["34", "67", "13"],
+        ...     "density": ["0.9978", "0.9968", "0.9976"],
+        ...     "pH": ["3.51", "3.2", "3.23"],
+        ...     "sulphates": ["0.56", "0.68", "0.82"],
+        ...     "alcohol": ["9.4", "9.8", "12.6"],
+        ... }
+        >>> await client.tabular_classification(table=table, model="julien-c/wine-quality")
+        ["5", "5", "5"]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="tabular-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=None,
+            extra_payload={"table": table},
+            parameters={},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return _bytes_to_list(response)
+
+    async def tabular_regression(self, table: dict[str, Any], *, model: str | None = None) -> list[float]:
+        """
+        Predicting a numerical target value given a set of attributes/features in a table.
+
+        Args:
+            table (`dict[str, Any]`):
+                Set of attributes stored in a table. The attributes used to predict the target can be both numerical and categorical.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the tabular regression task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended tabular regression model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            `List`: a list of predicted numerical target values.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> table = {
+        ...     "Height": ["11.52", "12.48", "12.3778"],
+        ...     "Length1": ["23.2", "24", "23.9"],
+        ...     "Length2": ["25.4", "26.3", "26.5"],
+        ...     "Length3": ["30", "31.2", "31.1"],
+        ...     "Species": ["Bream", "Bream", "Bream"],
+        ...     "Width": ["4.02", "4.3056", "4.6961"],
+        ... }
+        >>> await client.tabular_regression(table, model="scikit-learn/Fish-Weight")
+        [110, 120, 130]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="tabular-regression", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=None,
+            parameters={},
+            extra_payload={"table": table},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return _bytes_to_list(response)
+
+    async def text_classification(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        function_to_apply: Optional["TextClassificationOutputTransform"] = None,
+    ) -> list[TextClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform text classification (e.g. sentiment-analysis) on the given text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                A string to be classified.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the text classification task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended text classification model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes.
+            function_to_apply (`"TextClassificationOutputTransform"`, *optional*):
+                The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[TextClassificationOutputElement]`: a list of [`TextClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the predicted label and associated probability.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.text_classification("I like you")
+        [
+            TextClassificationOutputElement(label='POSITIVE', score=0.9998695850372314),
+            TextClassificationOutputElement(label='NEGATIVE', score=0.0001304351753788069),
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="text-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "function_to_apply": function_to_apply,
+                "top_k": top_k,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return TextClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)[0]  # type: ignore
+
+    @overload
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: Literal[True],
+        stream: Literal[True],
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncIterable[TextGenerationStreamOutput]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: Literal[True],
+        stream: Literal[False] | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> TextGenerationOutput: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: Literal[False] | None = None,
+        stream: Literal[True],
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,  # Manual default value
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncIterable[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: Literal[False] | None = None,
+        stream: Literal[False] | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: bool | None = None,
+        stream: bool | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> str | TextGenerationOutput | AsyncIterable[str] | AsyncIterable[TextGenerationStreamOutput]: ...
+
+    async def text_generation(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        details: bool | None = None,
+        stream: bool | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        # Parameters from `TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters` (maintained manually)
+        adapter_id: str | None = None,
+        best_of: int | None = None,
+        decoder_input_details: bool | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        frequency_penalty: float | None = None,
+        grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        repetition_penalty: float | None = None,
+        return_full_text: bool | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        stop: list[str] | None = None,
+        stop_sequences: list[str] | None = None,  # Deprecated, use `stop` instead
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_n_tokens: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        truncate: int | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        watermark: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> str | TextGenerationOutput | AsyncIterable[str] | AsyncIterable[TextGenerationStreamOutput]:
+        """
+        Given a prompt, generate the following text.
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > If you want to generate a response from chat messages, you should use the [`InferenceClient.chat_completion`] method.
+        > It accepts a list of messages instead of a single text prompt and handles the chat templating for you.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (`str`):
+                Input text.
+            details (`bool`, *optional*):
+                By default, text_generation returns a string. Pass `details=True` if you want a detailed output (tokens,
+                probabilities, seed, finish reason, etc.). Only available for models running on with the
+                `text-generation-inference` backend.
+            stream (`bool`, *optional*):
+                By default, text_generation returns the full generated text. Pass `stream=True` if you want a stream of
+                tokens to be returned. Only available for models running on with the `text-generation-inference`
+                backend.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+            adapter_id (`str`, *optional*):
+                Lora adapter id.
+            best_of (`int`, *optional*):
+                Generate best_of sequences and return the one if the highest token logprobs.
+            decoder_input_details (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Return the decoder input token logprobs and ids. You must set `details=True` as well for it to be taken
+                into account. Defaults to `False`.
+            do_sample (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Activate logits sampling
+            frequency_penalty (`float`, *optional*):
+                Number between -2.0 and 2.0. Positive values penalize new tokens based on their existing frequency in
+                the text so far, decreasing the model's likelihood to repeat the same line verbatim.
+            grammar ([`TextGenerationInputGrammarType`], *optional*):
+                Grammar constraints. Can be either a JSONSchema or a regex.
+            max_new_tokens (`int`, *optional*):
+                Maximum number of generated tokens. Defaults to 100.
+            repetition_penalty (`float`, *optional*):
+                The parameter for repetition penalty. 1.0 means no penalty. See [this
+                paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.05858.pdf) for more details.
+            return_full_text (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to prepend the prompt to the generated text
+            seed (`int`, *optional*):
+                Random sampling seed
+            stop (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                Stop generating tokens if a member of `stop` is generated.
+            stop_sequences (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                Deprecated argument. Use `stop` instead.
+            temperature (`float`, *optional*):
+                The value used to module the logits distribution.
+            top_n_tokens (`int`, *optional*):
+                Return information about the `top_n_tokens` most likely tokens at each generation step, instead of
+                just the sampled token.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional`):
+                The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering.
+            top_p (`float`, *optional`):
+                If set to < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities that add up to `top_p` or
+                higher are kept for generation.
+            truncate (`int`, *optional`):
+                Truncate inputs tokens to the given size.
+            typical_p (`float`, *optional`):
+                Typical Decoding mass
+                See [Typical Decoding for Natural Language Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00666) for more information
+            watermark (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Watermarking with [A Watermark for Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10226)
+
+        Returns:
+            `Union[str, TextGenerationOutput, AsyncIterable[str], AsyncIterable[TextGenerationStreamOutput]]`:
+            Generated text returned from the server:
+            - if `stream=False` and `details=False`, the generated text is returned as a `str` (default)
+            - if `stream=True` and `details=False`, the generated text is returned token by token as a `AsyncIterable[str]`
+            - if `stream=False` and `details=True`, the generated text is returned with more details as a [`~huggingface_hub.TextGenerationOutput`]
+            - if `details=True` and `stream=True`, the generated text is returned token by token as a iterable of [`~huggingface_hub.TextGenerationStreamOutput`]
+
+        Raises:
+            `ValidationError`:
+                If input values are not valid. No HTTP call is made to the server.
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+
+        # Case 1: generate text
+        >>> await client.text_generation("The huggingface_hub library is ", max_new_tokens=12)
+        '100% open source and built to be easy to use.'
+
+        # Case 2: iterate over the generated tokens. Useful for large generation.
+        >>> async for token in await client.text_generation("The huggingface_hub library is ", max_new_tokens=12, stream=True):
+        ...     print(token)
+        100
+        %
+        open
+        source
+        and
+        built
+        to
+        be
+        easy
+        to
+        use
+        .
+
+        # Case 3: get more details about the generation process.
+        >>> await client.text_generation("The huggingface_hub library is ", max_new_tokens=12, details=True)
+        TextGenerationOutput(
+            generated_text='100% open source and built to be easy to use.',
+            details=TextGenerationDetails(
+                finish_reason='length',
+                generated_tokens=12,
+                seed=None,
+                prefill=[
+                    TextGenerationPrefillOutputToken(id=487, text='The', logprob=None),
+                    TextGenerationPrefillOutputToken(id=53789, text=' hugging', logprob=-13.171875),
+                    (...)
+                    TextGenerationPrefillOutputToken(id=204, text=' ', logprob=-7.0390625)
+                ],
+                tokens=[
+                    TokenElement(id=1425, text='100', logprob=-1.0175781, special=False),
+                    TokenElement(id=16, text='%', logprob=-0.0463562, special=False),
+                    (...)
+                    TokenElement(id=25, text='.', logprob=-0.5703125, special=False)
+                ],
+                best_of_sequences=None
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Case 4: iterate over the generated tokens with more details.
+        # Last object is more complete, containing the full generated text and the finish reason.
+        >>> async for details in await client.text_generation("The huggingface_hub library is ", max_new_tokens=12, details=True, stream=True):
+        ...     print(details)
+        ...
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=1425, text='100', logprob=-1.0175781, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=16, text='%', logprob=-0.0463562, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=1314, text=' open', logprob=-1.3359375, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=3178, text=' source', logprob=-0.28100586, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=273, text=' and', logprob=-0.5961914, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=3426, text=' built', logprob=-1.9423828, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=271, text=' to', logprob=-1.4121094, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=314, text=' be', logprob=-1.5224609, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=1833, text=' easy', logprob=-2.1132812, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=271, text=' to', logprob=-0.08520508, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(id=745, text=' use', logprob=-0.39453125, special=False), generated_text=None, details=None)
+        TextGenerationStreamOutput(token=TokenElement(
+            id=25,
+            text='.',
+            logprob=-0.5703125,
+            special=False),
+            generated_text='100% open source and built to be easy to use.',
+            details=TextGenerationStreamOutputStreamDetails(finish_reason='length', generated_tokens=12, seed=None)
+        )
+
+        # Case 5: generate constrained output using grammar
+        >>> response = await client.text_generation(
+        ...     prompt="I saw a puppy a cat and a raccoon during my bike ride in the park",
+        ...     model="HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-orpo-141b-A35b-v0.1",
+        ...     max_new_tokens=100,
+        ...     repetition_penalty=1.3,
+        ...     grammar={
+        ...         "type": "json",
+        ...         "value": {
+        ...             "properties": {
+        ...                 "location": {"type": "string"},
+        ...                 "activity": {"type": "string"},
+        ...                 "animals_seen": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 5},
+        ...                 "animals": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+        ...             },
+        ...             "required": ["location", "activity", "animals_seen", "animals"],
+        ...         },
+        ...     },
+        ... )
+        >>> json.loads(response)
+        {
+            "activity": "bike riding",
+            "animals": ["puppy", "cat", "raccoon"],
+            "animals_seen": 3,
+            "location": "park"
+        }
+        ```
+        """
+        if decoder_input_details and not details:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`decoder_input_details=True` has been passed to the server but `details=False` is set meaning that"
+                " the output from the server will be truncated."
+            )
+            decoder_input_details = False
+
+        if stop_sequences is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`stop_sequences` is a deprecated argument for `text_generation` task"
+                " and will be removed in version '0.28.0'. Use `stop` instead.",
+                FutureWarning,
+            )
+        if stop is None:
+            stop = stop_sequences  # use deprecated arg if provided
+
+        # Build payload
+        parameters = {
+            "adapter_id": adapter_id,
+            "best_of": best_of,
+            "decoder_input_details": decoder_input_details,
+            "details": details,
+            "do_sample": do_sample,
+            "frequency_penalty": frequency_penalty,
+            "grammar": grammar,
+            "max_new_tokens": max_new_tokens,
+            "repetition_penalty": repetition_penalty,
+            "return_full_text": return_full_text,
+            "seed": seed,
+            "stop": stop,
+            "temperature": temperature,
+            "top_k": top_k,
+            "top_n_tokens": top_n_tokens,
+            "top_p": top_p,
+            "truncate": truncate,
+            "typical_p": typical_p,
+            "watermark": watermark,
+        }
+
+        # Remove some parameters if not a TGI server
+        unsupported_kwargs = _get_unsupported_text_generation_kwargs(model)
+        if len(unsupported_kwargs) > 0:
+            # The server does not support some parameters
+            # => means it is not a TGI server
+            # => remove unsupported parameters and warn the user
+
+            ignored_parameters = []
+            for key in unsupported_kwargs:
+                if parameters.get(key):
+                    ignored_parameters.append(key)
+                parameters.pop(key, None)
+            if len(ignored_parameters) > 0:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "API endpoint/model for text-generation is not served via TGI. Ignoring following parameters:"
+                    f" {', '.join(ignored_parameters)}.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+            if details:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "API endpoint/model for text-generation is not served via TGI. Parameter `details=True` will"
+                    " be ignored meaning only the generated text will be returned.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+                details = False
+            if stream:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "API endpoint/model for text-generation is not served via TGI. Cannot return output as a stream."
+                    " Please pass `stream=False` as input."
+                )
+
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="text-generation", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=prompt,
+            parameters=parameters,
+            extra_payload={"stream": stream},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+
+        # Handle errors separately for more precise error messages
+        try:
+            bytes_output = await self._inner_post(request_parameters, stream=stream or False)
+        except HfHubHTTPError as e:
+            match = MODEL_KWARGS_NOT_USED_REGEX.search(str(e))
+            if isinstance(e, BadRequestError) and match:
+                unused_params = [kwarg.strip("' ") for kwarg in match.group(1).split(",")]
+                _set_unsupported_text_generation_kwargs(model, unused_params)
+                return await self.text_generation(  # type: ignore
+                    prompt=prompt,
+                    details=details,
+                    stream=stream,
+                    model=model_id,
+                    adapter_id=adapter_id,
+                    best_of=best_of,
+                    decoder_input_details=decoder_input_details,
+                    do_sample=do_sample,
+                    frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
+                    grammar=grammar,
+                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                    repetition_penalty=repetition_penalty,
+                    return_full_text=return_full_text,
+                    seed=seed,
+                    stop=stop,
+                    temperature=temperature,
+                    top_k=top_k,
+                    top_n_tokens=top_n_tokens,
+                    top_p=top_p,
+                    truncate=truncate,
+                    typical_p=typical_p,
+                    watermark=watermark,
+                )
+            raise_text_generation_error(e)
+
+        # Parse output
+        if stream:
+            return _async_stream_text_generation_response(bytes_output, details)  # type: ignore
+
+        data = _bytes_to_dict(bytes_output)  # type: ignore
+
+        # Data can be a single element (dict) or an iterable of dicts where we select the first element of.
+        if isinstance(data, list):
+            data = data[0]
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(data, request_parameters)
+        return TextGenerationOutput.parse_obj_as_instance(response) if details else response["generated_text"]
+
+    async def text_to_image(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        negative_prompt: str | None = None,
+        height: int | None = None,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        num_inference_steps: int | None = None,
+        guidance_scale: float | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        scheduler: str | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> "Image":
+        """
+        Generate an image based on a given text using a specified model.
+
+        > [!WARNING]
+        > You must have `PIL` installed if you want to work with images (`pip install Pillow`).
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > You can pass provider-specific parameters to the model by using the `extra_body` argument.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (`str`):
+                The prompt to generate an image from.
+            negative_prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+                One prompt to guide what NOT to include in image generation.
+            height (`int`, *optional*):
+                The height in pixels of the output image
+            width (`int`, *optional*):
+                The width in pixels of the output image
+            num_inference_steps (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality image at the
+                expense of slower inference.
+            guidance_scale (`float`, *optional*):
+                A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate images closely linked to the text
+                prompt, but values too high may cause saturation and other artifacts.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended text-to-image model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            scheduler (`str`, *optional*):
+                Override the scheduler with a compatible one.
+            seed (`int`, *optional*):
+                Seed for the random number generator.
+            extra_body (`dict[str, Any]`, *optional*):
+                Additional provider-specific parameters to pass to the model. Refer to the provider's documentation
+                for supported parameters.
+
+        Returns:
+            `Image`: The generated image.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+
+        >>> image = await client.text_to_image("An astronaut riding a horse on the moon.")
+        >>> image.save("astronaut.png")
+
+        >>> image = await client.text_to_image(
+        ...     "An astronaut riding a horse on the moon.",
+        ...     negative_prompt="low resolution, blurry",
+        ...     model="stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1",
+        ... )
+        >>> image.save("better_astronaut.png")
+        ```
+        Example using a third-party provider directly. Usage will be billed on your fal.ai account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="fal-ai",  # Use fal.ai provider
+        ...     api_key="fal-ai-api-key",  # Pass your fal.ai API key
+        ... )
+        >>> image = client.text_to_image(
+        ...     "A majestic lion in a fantasy forest",
+        ...     model="black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-schnell",
+        ... )
+        >>> image.save("lion.png")
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider through Hugging Face Routing. Usage will be billed on your Hugging Face account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",  # Use replicate provider
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> image = client.text_to_image(
+        ...     "An astronaut riding a horse on the moon.",
+        ...     model="black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev",
+        ... )
+        >>> image.save("astronaut.png")
+        ```
+
+        Example using Replicate provider with extra parameters
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",  # Use replicate provider
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> image = client.text_to_image(
+        ...     "An astronaut riding a horse on the moon.",
+        ...     model="black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-schnell",
+        ...     extra_body={"output_quality": 100},
+        ... )
+        >>> image.save("astronaut.png")
+        ```
+
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="text-to-image", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=prompt,
+            parameters={
+                "negative_prompt": negative_prompt,
+                "height": height,
+                "width": width,
+                "num_inference_steps": num_inference_steps,
+                "guidance_scale": guidance_scale,
+                "scheduler": scheduler,
+                "seed": seed,
+                **(extra_body or {}),
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_parameters)
+        return _bytes_to_image(response)
+
+    async def text_to_video(
+        self,
+        prompt: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        guidance_scale: float | None = None,
+        negative_prompt: list[str] | None = None,
+        num_frames: float | None = None,
+        num_inference_steps: int | None = None,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Generate a video based on a given text.
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > You can pass provider-specific parameters to the model by using the `extra_body` argument.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (`str`):
+                The prompt to generate a video from.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended text-to-video model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            guidance_scale (`float`, *optional*):
+                A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate videos closely linked to the text
+                prompt, but values too high may cause saturation and other artifacts.
+            negative_prompt (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                One or several prompt to guide what NOT to include in video generation.
+            num_frames (`float`, *optional*):
+                The num_frames parameter determines how many video frames are generated.
+            num_inference_steps (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality video at the
+                expense of slower inference.
+            seed (`int`, *optional*):
+                Seed for the random number generator.
+            extra_body (`dict[str, Any]`, *optional*):
+                Additional provider-specific parameters to pass to the model. Refer to the provider's documentation
+                for supported parameters.
+
+        Returns:
+            `bytes`: The generated video.
+
+        Example:
+
+        Example using a third-party provider directly. Usage will be billed on your fal.ai account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="fal-ai",  # Using fal.ai provider
+        ...     api_key="fal-ai-api-key",  # Pass your fal.ai API key
+        ... )
+        >>> video = client.text_to_video(
+        ...     "A majestic lion running in a fantasy forest",
+        ...     model="tencent/HunyuanVideo",
+        ... )
+        >>> with open("lion.mp4", "wb") as file:
+        ...     file.write(video)
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider through Hugging Face Routing. Usage will be billed on your Hugging Face account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",  # Using replicate provider
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> video = client.text_to_video(
+        ...     "A cat running in a park",
+        ...     model="genmo/mochi-1-preview",
+        ... )
+        >>> with open("cat.mp4", "wb") as file:
+        ...     file.write(video)
+        ```
+
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="text-to-video", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=prompt,
+            parameters={
+                "guidance_scale": guidance_scale,
+                "negative_prompt": negative_prompt,
+                "num_frames": num_frames,
+                "num_inference_steps": num_inference_steps,
+                "seed": seed,
+                **(extra_body or {}),
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response, request_parameters)
+        return response
+
+    async def text_to_speech(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        do_sample: bool | None = None,
+        early_stopping: Union[bool, "TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum"] | None = None,
+        epsilon_cutoff: float | None = None,
+        eta_cutoff: float | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        max_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        min_new_tokens: int | None = None,
+        num_beam_groups: int | None = None,
+        num_beams: int | None = None,
+        penalty_alpha: float | None = None,
+        temperature: float | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+        top_p: float | None = None,
+        typical_p: float | None = None,
+        use_cache: bool | None = None,
+        extra_body: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Synthesize an audio of a voice pronouncing a given text.
+
+        > [!TIP]
+        > You can pass provider-specific parameters to the model by using the `extra_body` argument.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                The text to synthesize.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended text-to-speech model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            do_sample (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to use sampling instead of greedy decoding when generating new tokens.
+            early_stopping (`Union[bool, "TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum"]`, *optional*):
+                Controls the stopping condition for beam-based methods.
+            epsilon_cutoff (`float`, *optional*):
+                If set to float strictly between 0 and 1, only tokens with a conditional probability greater than
+                epsilon_cutoff will be sampled. In the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 9e-4, depending on
+                the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model
+                Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+            eta_cutoff (`float`, *optional*):
+                Eta sampling is a hybrid of locally typical sampling and epsilon sampling. If set to float strictly
+                between 0 and 1, a token is only considered if it is greater than either eta_cutoff or sqrt(eta_cutoff)
+                * exp(-entropy(softmax(next_token_logits))). The latter term is intuitively the expected next token
+                probability, scaled by sqrt(eta_cutoff). In the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 2e-3,
+                depending on the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model
+                Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+            max_length (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input.
+            max_new_tokens (`int`, *optional*):
+                The maximum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over max_length.
+            min_length (`int`, *optional*):
+                The minimum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input.
+            min_new_tokens (`int`, *optional*):
+                The minimum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over min_length.
+            num_beam_groups (`int`, *optional*):
+                Number of groups to divide num_beams into in order to ensure diversity among different groups of beams.
+                See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/1610.02424) for more details.
+            num_beams (`int`, *optional*):
+                Number of beams to use for beam search.
+            penalty_alpha (`float`, *optional*):
+                The value balances the model confidence and the degeneration penalty in contrastive search decoding.
+            temperature (`float`, *optional*):
+                The value used to modulate the next token probabilities.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering.
+            top_p (`float`, *optional*):
+                If set to float < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities that add up to
+                top_p or higher are kept for generation.
+            typical_p (`float`, *optional*):
+                Local typicality measures how similar the conditional probability of predicting a target token next is
+                to the expected conditional probability of predicting a random token next, given the partial text
+                already generated. If set to float < 1, the smallest set of the most locally typical tokens with
+                probabilities that add up to typical_p or higher are kept for generation. See [this
+                paper](https://hf.co/papers/2202.00666) for more details.
+            use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether the model should use the past last key/values attentions to speed up decoding
+            extra_body (`dict[str, Any]`, *optional*):
+                Additional provider-specific parameters to pass to the model. Refer to the provider's documentation
+                for supported parameters.
+        Returns:
+            `bytes`: The generated audio.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from pathlib import Path
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+
+        >>> audio = await client.text_to_speech("Hello world")
+        >>> Path("hello_world.flac").write_bytes(audio)
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider directly. Usage will be billed on your Replicate account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",
+        ...     api_key="your-replicate-api-key",  # Pass your Replicate API key directly
+        ... )
+        >>> audio = client.text_to_speech(
+        ...     text="Hello world",
+        ...     model="OuteAI/OuteTTS-0.3-500M",
+        ... )
+        >>> Path("hello_world.flac").write_bytes(audio)
+        ```
+
+        Example using a third-party provider through Hugging Face Routing. Usage will be billed on your Hugging Face account.
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> audio =client.text_to_speech(
+        ...     text="Hello world",
+        ...     model="OuteAI/OuteTTS-0.3-500M",
+        ... )
+        >>> Path("hello_world.flac").write_bytes(audio)
+        ```
+        Example using Replicate provider with extra parameters
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="replicate",  # Use replicate provider
+        ...     api_key="hf_...",  # Pass your HF token
+        ... )
+        >>> audio = client.text_to_speech(
+        ...     "Hello, my name is Kororo, an awesome text-to-speech model.",
+        ...     model="hexgrad/Kokoro-82M",
+        ...     extra_body={"voice": "af_nicole"},
+        ... )
+        >>> Path("hello.flac").write_bytes(audio)
+        ```
+
+        Example music-gen using "YuE-s1-7B-anneal-en-cot" on fal.ai
+        ```py
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
+        >>> lyrics = '''
+        ... [verse]
+        ... In the town where I was born
+        ... Lived a man who sailed to sea
+        ... And he told us of his life
+        ... In the land of submarines
+        ... So we sailed on to the sun
+        ... 'Til we found a sea of green
+        ... And we lived beneath the waves
+        ... In our yellow submarine
+
+        ... [chorus]
+        ... We all live in a yellow submarine
+        ... Yellow submarine, yellow submarine
+        ... We all live in a yellow submarine
+        ... Yellow submarine, yellow submarine
+        ... '''
+        >>> genres = "pavarotti-style tenor voice"
+        >>> client = InferenceClient(
+        ...     provider="fal-ai",
+        ...     model="m-a-p/YuE-s1-7B-anneal-en-cot",
+        ...     api_key=...,
+        ... )
+        >>> audio = client.text_to_speech(lyrics, extra_body={"genres": genres})
+        >>> with open("output.mp3", "wb") as f:
+        ...     f.write(audio)
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="text-to-speech", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "do_sample": do_sample,
+                "early_stopping": early_stopping,
+                "epsilon_cutoff": epsilon_cutoff,
+                "eta_cutoff": eta_cutoff,
+                "max_length": max_length,
+                "max_new_tokens": max_new_tokens,
+                "min_length": min_length,
+                "min_new_tokens": min_new_tokens,
+                "num_beam_groups": num_beam_groups,
+                "num_beams": num_beams,
+                "penalty_alpha": penalty_alpha,
+                "temperature": temperature,
+                "top_k": top_k,
+                "top_p": top_p,
+                "typical_p": typical_p,
+                "use_cache": use_cache,
+                **(extra_body or {}),
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        response = provider_helper.get_response(response)
+        return response
+
+    async def token_classification(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        aggregation_strategy: Optional["TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy"] = None,
+        ignore_labels: list[str] | None = None,
+        stride: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[TokenClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Perform token classification on the given text.
+        Usually used for sentence parsing, either grammatical, or Named Entity Recognition (NER) to understand keywords contained within text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                A string to be classified.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the token classification task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended token classification model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            aggregation_strategy (`"TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy"`, *optional*):
+                The strategy used to fuse tokens based on model predictions
+            ignore_labels (`list[str`, *optional*):
+                A list of labels to ignore
+            stride (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of overlapping tokens between chunks when splitting the input text.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[TokenClassificationOutputElement]`: List of [`TokenClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the entity group, confidence score, word, start and end index.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.token_classification("My name is Sarah Jessica Parker but you can call me Jessica")
+        [
+            TokenClassificationOutputElement(
+                entity_group='PER',
+                score=0.9971321225166321,
+                word='Sarah Jessica Parker',
+                start=11,
+                end=31,
+            ),
+            TokenClassificationOutputElement(
+                entity_group='PER',
+                score=0.9773476123809814,
+                word='Jessica',
+                start=52,
+                end=59,
+            )
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="token-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "aggregation_strategy": aggregation_strategy,
+                "ignore_labels": ignore_labels,
+                "stride": stride,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return TokenClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def translation(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        src_lang: str | None = None,
+        tgt_lang: str | None = None,
+        clean_up_tokenization_spaces: bool | None = None,
+        truncation: Optional["TranslationTruncationStrategy"] = None,
+        generate_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> TranslationOutput:
+        """
+        Convert text from one language to another.
+
+        Check out https://huggingface.co/tasks/translation for more information on how to choose the best model for
+        your specific use case. Source and target languages usually depend on the model.
+        However, it is possible to specify source and target languages for certain models. If you are working with one of these models,
+        you can use `src_lang` and `tgt_lang` arguments to pass the relevant information.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                A string to be translated.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the translation task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended translation model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            src_lang (`str`, *optional*):
+                The source language of the text. Required for models that can translate from multiple languages.
+            tgt_lang (`str`, *optional*):
+                Target language to translate to. Required for models that can translate to multiple languages.
+            clean_up_tokenization_spaces (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether to clean up the potential extra spaces in the text output.
+            truncation (`"TranslationTruncationStrategy"`, *optional*):
+                The truncation strategy to use.
+            generate_parameters (`dict[str, Any]`, *optional*):
+                Additional parametrization of the text generation algorithm.
+
+        Returns:
+            [`TranslationOutput`]: The generated translated text.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+            `ValueError`:
+                If only one of the `src_lang` and `tgt_lang` arguments are provided.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.translation("My name is Wolfgang and I live in Berlin")
+        'Mein Name ist Wolfgang und ich lebe in Berlin.'
+        >>> await client.translation("My name is Wolfgang and I live in Berlin", model="Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-en-fr")
+        TranslationOutput(translation_text='Je m'appelle Wolfgang et je vis à Berlin.')
+        ```
+
+        Specifying languages:
+        ```py
+        >>> client.translation("My name is Sarah Jessica Parker but you can call me Jessica", model="facebook/mbart-large-50-many-to-many-mmt", src_lang="en_XX", tgt_lang="fr_XX")
+        "Mon nom est Sarah Jessica Parker mais vous pouvez m'appeler Jessica"
+        ```
+        """
+        # Throw error if only one of `src_lang` and `tgt_lang` was given
+        if src_lang is not None and tgt_lang is None:
+            raise ValueError("You cannot specify `src_lang` without specifying `tgt_lang`.")
+
+        if src_lang is None and tgt_lang is not None:
+            raise ValueError("You cannot specify `tgt_lang` without specifying `src_lang`.")
+
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="translation", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "src_lang": src_lang,
+                "tgt_lang": tgt_lang,
+                "clean_up_tokenization_spaces": clean_up_tokenization_spaces,
+                "truncation": truncation,
+                "generate_parameters": generate_parameters,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return TranslationOutput.parse_obj_as_list(response)[0]
+
+    async def visual_question_answering(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        question: str,
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        top_k: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Answering open-ended questions based on an image.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The input image for the context. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            question (`str`):
+                Question to be answered.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for the visual question answering task. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to
+                a deployed Inference Endpoint. If not provided, the default recommended visual question answering model will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            top_k (`int`, *optional*):
+                The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Note that we return less than
+                topk answers if there are not enough options available within the context.
+        Returns:
+            `list[VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement]`: a list of [`VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement`] items containing the predicted label and associated probability.
+
+        Raises:
+            `InferenceTimeoutError`:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.visual_question_answering(
+        ...     image="https://huggingface.co/datasets/mishig/sample_images/resolve/main/tiger.jpg",
+        ...     question="What is the animal doing?"
+        ... )
+        [
+            VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(score=0.778609573841095, answer='laying down'),
+            VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(score=0.6957435607910156, answer='sitting'),
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="visual-question-answering", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={"top_k": top_k},
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+            extra_payload={"question": question, "image": _b64_encode(image)},
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def zero_shot_classification(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        candidate_labels: list[str],
+        *,
+        multi_label: bool | None = False,
+        hypothesis_template: str | None = None,
+        model: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Provide as input a text and a set of candidate labels to classify the input text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (`str`):
+                The input text to classify.
+            candidate_labels (`list[str]`):
+                The set of possible class labels to classify the text into.
+            labels (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                (deprecated) List of strings. Each string is the verbalization of a possible label for the input text.
+            multi_label (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Whether multiple candidate labels can be true. If false, the scores are normalized such that the sum of
+                the label likelihoods for each sequence is 1. If true, the labels are considered independent and
+                probabilities are normalized for each candidate.
+            hypothesis_template (`str`, *optional*):
+                The sentence used in conjunction with `candidate_labels` to attempt the text classification by
+                replacing the placeholder with the candidate labels.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. If not provided, the default recommended zero-shot classification model will be used.
+
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement]`: List of [`ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the predicted labels and their confidence.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example with `multi_label=False`:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> text = (
+        ...     "A new model offers an explanation for how the Galilean satellites formed around the solar system's"
+        ...     "largest world. Konstantin Batygin did not set out to solve one of the solar system's most puzzling"
+        ...     " mysteries when he went for a run up a hill in Nice, France."
+        ... )
+        >>> labels = ["space & cosmos", "scientific discovery", "microbiology", "robots", "archeology"]
+        >>> await client.zero_shot_classification(text, labels)
+        [
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='scientific discovery', score=0.7961668968200684),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='space & cosmos', score=0.18570658564567566),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='microbiology', score=0.00730885099619627),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='archeology', score=0.006258360575884581),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='robots', score=0.004559356719255447),
+        ]
+        >>> await client.zero_shot_classification(text, labels, multi_label=True)
+        [
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='scientific discovery', score=0.9829297661781311),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='space & cosmos', score=0.755190908908844),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='microbiology', score=0.0005462635890580714),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='archeology', score=0.00047131875180639327),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='robots', score=0.00030448526376858354),
+        ]
+        ```
+
+        Example with `multi_label=True` and a custom `hypothesis_template`:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+        >>> await client.zero_shot_classification(
+        ...    text="I really like our dinner and I'm very happy. I don't like the weather though.",
+        ...    labels=["positive", "negative", "pessimistic", "optimistic"],
+        ...    multi_label=True,
+        ...    hypothesis_template="This text is {} towards the weather"
+        ... )
+        [
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='negative', score=0.9231801629066467),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='pessimistic', score=0.8760990500450134),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='optimistic', score=0.0008674879791215062),
+            ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(label='positive', score=0.0005250611575320363)
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="zero-shot-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=text,
+            parameters={
+                "candidate_labels": candidate_labels,
+                "multi_label": multi_label,
+                "hypothesis_template": hypothesis_template,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        output = _bytes_to_dict(response)
+        return ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(output)
+
+    async def zero_shot_image_classification(
+        self,
+        image: ContentT,
+        candidate_labels: list[str],
+        *,
+        model: str | None = None,
+        hypothesis_template: str | None = None,
+        # deprecated argument
+        labels: list[str] = None,  # type: ignore
+    ) -> list[ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement]:
+        """
+        Provide input image and text labels to predict text labels for the image.
+
+        Args:
+            image (`Union[str, Path, bytes, BinaryIO, PIL.Image.Image]`):
+                The input image to caption. It can be raw bytes, an image file, a URL to an online image, or a PIL Image.
+            candidate_labels (`list[str]`):
+                The candidate labels for this image
+            labels (`list[str]`, *optional*):
+                (deprecated) List of string possible labels. There must be at least 2 labels.
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. If not provided, the default recommended zero-shot image classification model will be used.
+            hypothesis_template (`str`, *optional*):
+                The sentence used in conjunction with `candidate_labels` to attempt the image classification by
+                replacing the placeholder with the candidate labels.
+
+        Returns:
+            `list[ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement]`: List of [`ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement`] items containing the predicted labels and their confidence.
+
+        Raises:
+            [`InferenceTimeoutError`]:
+                If the model is unavailable or the request times out.
+            [`HfHubHTTPError`]:
+                If the request fails with an HTTP error status code other than HTTP 503.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient()
+
+        >>> await client.zero_shot_image_classification(
+        ...     "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cute_dog.jpg/320px-Cute_dog.jpg",
+        ...     labels=["dog", "cat", "horse"],
+        ... )
+        [ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement(label='dog', score=0.956),...]
+        ```
+        """
+        # Raise ValueError if input is less than 2 labels
+        if len(candidate_labels) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("You must specify at least 2 classes to compare.")
+
+        model_id = model or self.model
+        provider_helper = get_provider_helper(self.provider, task="zero-shot-image-classification", model=model_id)
+        request_parameters = provider_helper.prepare_request(
+            inputs=image,
+            parameters={
+                "candidate_labels": candidate_labels,
+                "hypothesis_template": hypothesis_template,
+            },
+            headers=self.headers,
+            model=model_id,
+            api_key=self.token,
+        )
+        response = await self._inner_post(request_parameters)
+        return ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement.parse_obj_as_list(response)
+
+    async def get_endpoint_info(self, *, model: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get information about the deployed endpoint.
+
+        This endpoint is only available on endpoints powered by Text-Generation-Inference (TGI) or Text-Embedding-Inference (TEI).
+        Endpoints powered by `transformers` return an empty payload.
+
+        Args:
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                The model to use for inference. Can be a model ID hosted on the Hugging Face Hub or a URL to a deployed
+                Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            `dict[str, Any]`: Information about the endpoint.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct")
+        >>> await client.get_endpoint_info()
+        {
+            'model_id': 'meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct',
+            'model_sha': None,
+            'model_dtype': 'torch.float16',
+            'model_device_type': 'cuda',
+            'model_pipeline_tag': None,
+            'max_concurrent_requests': 128,
+            'max_best_of': 2,
+            'max_stop_sequences': 4,
+            'max_input_length': 8191,
+            'max_total_tokens': 8192,
+            'waiting_served_ratio': 0.3,
+            'max_batch_total_tokens': 1259392,
+            'max_waiting_tokens': 20,
+            'max_batch_size': None,
+            'validation_workers': 32,
+            'max_client_batch_size': 4,
+            'version': '2.0.2',
+            'sha': 'dccab72549635c7eb5ddb17f43f0b7cdff07c214',
+            'docker_label': 'sha-dccab72'
+        }
+        ```
+        """
+        if self.provider != "hf-inference":
+            raise ValueError(f"Getting endpoint info is not supported on '{self.provider}'.")
+
+        model = model or self.model
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError("Model id not provided.")
+        if model.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            url = model.rstrip("/") + "/info"
+        else:
+            url = f"{constants.INFERENCE_ENDPOINT}/models/{model}/info"
+
+        client = await self._get_async_client()
+        response = await client.get(url, headers=build_hf_headers(token=self.token))
+        hf_raise_for_status(response)
+        return response.json()
+
+    async def health_check(self, model: str | None = None) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check the health of the deployed endpoint.
+
+        Health check is only available with Inference Endpoints powered by Text-Generation-Inference (TGI) or Text-Embedding-Inference (TEI).
+
+        Args:
+            model (`str`, *optional*):
+                URL of the Inference Endpoint. This parameter overrides the model defined at the instance level. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            `bool`: True if everything is working fine.
+
+        Example:
+        ```py
+        # Must be run in an async context
+        >>> from huggingface_hub import AsyncInferenceClient
+        >>> client = AsyncInferenceClient("https://jzgu0buei5.us-east-1.aws.endpoints.huggingface.cloud")
+        >>> await client.health_check()
+        True
+        ```
+        """
+        if self.provider != "hf-inference":
+            raise ValueError(f"Health check is not supported on '{self.provider}'.")
+
+        model = model or self.model
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError("Model id not provided.")
+        if not model.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            raise ValueError("Model must be an Inference Endpoint URL.")
+        url = model.rstrip("/") + "/health"
+
+        client = await self._get_async_client()
+        response = await client.get(url, headers=build_hf_headers(token=self.token))
+        return response.status_code == 200
+
+    @property
+    def chat(self) -> "ProxyClientChat":
+        return ProxyClientChat(self)
+
+
+class _ProxyClient:
+    """Proxy class to be able to call `client.chat.completion.create(...)` as OpenAI client."""
+
+    def __init__(self, client: AsyncInferenceClient):
+        self._client = client
+
+
+class ProxyClientChat(_ProxyClient):
+    """Proxy class to be able to call `client.chat.completion.create(...)` as OpenAI client."""
+
+    @property
+    def completions(self) -> "ProxyClientChatCompletions":
+        return ProxyClientChatCompletions(self._client)
+
+
+class ProxyClientChatCompletions(_ProxyClient):
+    """Proxy class to be able to call `client.chat.completion.create(...)` as OpenAI client."""
+
+    @property
+    def create(self):
+        return self._client.chat_completion
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f95dca555d80774ec863bf26d147dd43f15aeb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# This file is auto-generated by `utils/generate_inference_types.py`.
+# Do not modify it manually.
+#
+# ruff: noqa: F401
+
+from .audio_classification import (
+    AudioClassificationInput,
+    AudioClassificationOutputElement,
+    AudioClassificationOutputTransform,
+    AudioClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .audio_to_audio import AudioToAudioInput, AudioToAudioOutputElement
+from .automatic_speech_recognition import (
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionEarlyStoppingEnum,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionGenerationParameters,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionInput,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutputChunk,
+    AutomaticSpeechRecognitionParameters,
+)
+from .base import BaseInferenceType
+from .chat_completion import (
+    ChatCompletionInput,
+    ChatCompletionInputFunctionDefinition,
+    ChatCompletionInputFunctionName,
+    ChatCompletionInputGrammarType,
+    ChatCompletionInputJSONSchema,
+    ChatCompletionInputMessage,
+    ChatCompletionInputMessageChunk,
+    ChatCompletionInputMessageChunkType,
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONObject,
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONSchema,
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatText,
+    ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions,
+    ChatCompletionInputTool,
+    ChatCompletionInputToolCall,
+    ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass,
+    ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum,
+    ChatCompletionInputURL,
+    ChatCompletionOutput,
+    ChatCompletionOutputComplete,
+    ChatCompletionOutputFunctionDefinition,
+    ChatCompletionOutputLogprob,
+    ChatCompletionOutputLogprobs,
+    ChatCompletionOutputMessage,
+    ChatCompletionOutputToolCall,
+    ChatCompletionOutputTopLogprob,
+    ChatCompletionOutputUsage,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutput,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputDeltaToolCall,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputFunction,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprob,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprobs,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputTopLogprob,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputUsage,
+)
+from .depth_estimation import DepthEstimationInput, DepthEstimationOutput
+from .document_question_answering import (
+    DocumentQuestionAnsweringInput,
+    DocumentQuestionAnsweringInputData,
+    DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    DocumentQuestionAnsweringParameters,
+)
+from .feature_extraction import FeatureExtractionInput, FeatureExtractionInputTruncationDirection
+from .fill_mask import FillMaskInput, FillMaskOutputElement, FillMaskParameters
+from .image_classification import (
+    ImageClassificationInput,
+    ImageClassificationOutputElement,
+    ImageClassificationOutputTransform,
+    ImageClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .image_segmentation import (
+    ImageSegmentationInput,
+    ImageSegmentationOutputElement,
+    ImageSegmentationParameters,
+    ImageSegmentationSubtask,
+)
+from .image_text_to_image import (
+    ImageTextToImageInput,
+    ImageTextToImageOutput,
+    ImageTextToImageParameters,
+    ImageTextToImageTargetSize,
+)
+from .image_text_to_video import (
+    ImageTextToVideoInput,
+    ImageTextToVideoOutput,
+    ImageTextToVideoParameters,
+    ImageTextToVideoTargetSize,
+)
+from .image_to_image import ImageToImageInput, ImageToImageOutput, ImageToImageParameters, ImageToImageTargetSize
+from .image_to_text import (
+    ImageToTextEarlyStoppingEnum,
+    ImageToTextGenerationParameters,
+    ImageToTextInput,
+    ImageToTextOutput,
+    ImageToTextParameters,
+)
+from .image_to_video import ImageToVideoInput, ImageToVideoOutput, ImageToVideoParameters, ImageToVideoTargetSize
+from .object_detection import (
+    ObjectDetectionBoundingBox,
+    ObjectDetectionInput,
+    ObjectDetectionOutputElement,
+    ObjectDetectionParameters,
+)
+from .question_answering import (
+    QuestionAnsweringInput,
+    QuestionAnsweringInputData,
+    QuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    QuestionAnsweringParameters,
+)
+from .sentence_similarity import SentenceSimilarityInput, SentenceSimilarityInputData
+from .summarization import (
+    SummarizationInput,
+    SummarizationOutput,
+    SummarizationParameters,
+    SummarizationTruncationStrategy,
+)
+from .table_question_answering import (
+    Padding,
+    TableQuestionAnsweringInput,
+    TableQuestionAnsweringInputData,
+    TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    TableQuestionAnsweringParameters,
+)
+from .text2text_generation import (
+    Text2TextGenerationInput,
+    Text2TextGenerationOutput,
+    Text2TextGenerationParameters,
+    Text2TextGenerationTruncationStrategy,
+)
+from .text_classification import (
+    TextClassificationInput,
+    TextClassificationOutputElement,
+    TextClassificationOutputTransform,
+    TextClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .text_generation import (
+    TextGenerationInput,
+    TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters,
+    TextGenerationInputGrammarType,
+    TextGenerationOutput,
+    TextGenerationOutputBestOfSequence,
+    TextGenerationOutputDetails,
+    TextGenerationOutputFinishReason,
+    TextGenerationOutputPrefillToken,
+    TextGenerationOutputToken,
+    TextGenerationStreamOutput,
+    TextGenerationStreamOutputStreamDetails,
+    TextGenerationStreamOutputToken,
+    TypeEnum,
+)
+from .text_to_audio import (
+    TextToAudioEarlyStoppingEnum,
+    TextToAudioGenerationParameters,
+    TextToAudioInput,
+    TextToAudioOutput,
+    TextToAudioParameters,
+)
+from .text_to_image import TextToImageInput, TextToImageOutput, TextToImageParameters
+from .text_to_speech import (
+    TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum,
+    TextToSpeechGenerationParameters,
+    TextToSpeechInput,
+    TextToSpeechOutput,
+    TextToSpeechParameters,
+)
+from .text_to_video import TextToVideoInput, TextToVideoOutput, TextToVideoParameters
+from .token_classification import (
+    TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy,
+    TokenClassificationInput,
+    TokenClassificationOutputElement,
+    TokenClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .translation import TranslationInput, TranslationOutput, TranslationParameters, TranslationTruncationStrategy
+from .video_classification import (
+    VideoClassificationInput,
+    VideoClassificationOutputElement,
+    VideoClassificationOutputTransform,
+    VideoClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .visual_question_answering import (
+    VisualQuestionAnsweringInput,
+    VisualQuestionAnsweringInputData,
+    VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement,
+    VisualQuestionAnsweringParameters,
+)
+from .zero_shot_classification import (
+    ZeroShotClassificationInput,
+    ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement,
+    ZeroShotClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .zero_shot_image_classification import (
+    ZeroShotImageClassificationInput,
+    ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement,
+    ZeroShotImageClassificationParameters,
+)
+from .zero_shot_object_detection import (
+    ZeroShotObjectDetectionBoundingBox,
+    ZeroShotObjectDetectionInput,
+    ZeroShotObjectDetectionOutputElement,
+    ZeroShotObjectDetectionParameters,
+)
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b99507c4a7caaeaa306a5b20348c36eb2099b2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+AudioClassificationOutputTransform = Literal["sigmoid", "softmax", "none"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Audio Classification"""
+
+    function_to_apply: Optional["AudioClassificationOutputTransform"] = None
+    """The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Audio Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input audio data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the audio data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: AudioClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Audio Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs for Audio Classification inference"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_to_audio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_to_audio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43f376b5345fab6b854b028d1c17416c020d7bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_to_audio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioToAudioInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Audio to Audio inference"""
+
+    inputs: Any
+    """The input audio data"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioToAudioOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Audio To Audio task
+    A generated audio file with its label.
+    """
+
+    blob: Any
+    """The generated audio file."""
+    content_type: str
+    """The content type of audio file."""
+    label: str
+    """The label of the audio file."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/automatic_speech_recognition.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/automatic_speech_recognition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d728bfdb83377c6726fce804013a33fdb2fbdbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/automatic_speech_recognition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Union
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+AutomaticSpeechRecognitionEarlyStoppingEnum = Literal["never"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AutomaticSpeechRecognitionGenerationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+    do_sample: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to use sampling instead of greedy decoding when generating new tokens."""
+    early_stopping: Union[bool, "AutomaticSpeechRecognitionEarlyStoppingEnum"] | None = None
+    """Controls the stopping condition for beam-based methods."""
+    epsilon_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """If set to float strictly between 0 and 1, only tokens with a conditional probability
+    greater than epsilon_cutoff will be sampled. In the paper, suggested values range from
+    3e-4 to 9e-4, depending on the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language
+    Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+    """
+    eta_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """Eta sampling is a hybrid of locally typical sampling and epsilon sampling. If set to
+    float strictly between 0 and 1, a token is only considered if it is greater than either
+    eta_cutoff or sqrt(eta_cutoff) * exp(-entropy(softmax(next_token_logits))). The latter
+    term is intuitively the expected next token probability, scaled by sqrt(eta_cutoff). In
+    the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 2e-3, depending on the size of the model.
+    See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191)
+    for more details.
+    """
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The maximum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over max_length."""
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    """The minimum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    min_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The minimum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over min_length."""
+    num_beam_groups: int | None = None
+    """Number of groups to divide num_beams into in order to ensure diversity among different
+    groups of beams. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/1610.02424) for more details.
+    """
+    num_beams: int | None = None
+    """Number of beams to use for beam search."""
+    penalty_alpha: float | None = None
+    """The value balances the model confidence and the degeneration penalty in contrastive
+    search decoding.
+    """
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """The value used to modulate the next token probabilities."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering."""
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """If set to float < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities
+    that add up to top_p or higher are kept for generation.
+    """
+    typical_p: float | None = None
+    """Local typicality measures how similar the conditional probability of predicting a target
+    token next is to the expected conditional probability of predicting a random token next,
+    given the partial text already generated. If set to float < 1, the smallest set of the
+    most locally typical tokens with probabilities that add up to typical_p or higher are
+    kept for generation. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/2202.00666) for more details.
+    """
+    use_cache: bool | None = None
+    """Whether the model should use the past last key/values attentions to speed up decoding"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AutomaticSpeechRecognitionParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Automatic Speech Recognition"""
+
+    generation_parameters: AutomaticSpeechRecognitionGenerationParameters | None = None
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+    return_timestamps: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to output corresponding timestamps with the generated text"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AutomaticSpeechRecognitionInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Automatic Speech Recognition inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input audio data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the audio data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: AutomaticSpeechRecognitionParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Automatic Speech Recognition"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutputChunk(BaseInferenceType):
+    text: str
+    """A chunk of text identified by the model"""
+    timestamp: list[float]
+    """The start and end timestamps corresponding with the text"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Automatic Speech Recognition task"""
+
+    text: str
+    """The recognized text."""
+    chunks: list[AutomaticSpeechRecognitionOutputChunk] | None = None
+    """When returnTimestamps is enabled, chunks contains a list of audio chunks identified by
+    the model.
+    """
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/base.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad4016f2d57d11e13dad44c161d3bce3ef741d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains a base class for all inference types."""
+
+import inspect
+import json
+import types
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, get_args
+
+from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="BaseInferenceType")
+
+
+def _repr_with_extra(self):
+    fields = list(self.__dataclass_fields__.keys())
+    other_fields = list(k for k in self.__dict__ if k not in fields)
+    return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(f'{k}={self.__dict__[k]!r}' for k in fields + other_fields)})"
+
+
+@dataclass_transform()
+def dataclass_with_extra(cls: type[T]) -> type[T]:
+    """Decorator to add a custom __repr__ method to a dataclass, showing all fields, including extra ones.
+
+    This decorator only works with dataclasses that inherit from `BaseInferenceType`.
+    """
+    cls = dataclass(cls)
+    cls.__repr__ = _repr_with_extra  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    return cls
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BaseInferenceType(dict):
+    """Base class for all inference types.
+
+    Object is a dataclass and a dict for backward compatibility but plan is to remove the dict part in the future.
+
+    Handle parsing from dict, list and json strings in a permissive way to ensure future-compatibility (e.g. all fields
+    are made optional, and non-expected fields are added as dict attributes).
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_obj_as_list(cls: type[T], data: bytes | str | list | dict) -> list[T]:
+        """Alias to parse server response and return a single instance.
+
+        See `parse_obj` for more details.
+        """
+        output = cls.parse_obj(data)
+        if not isinstance(output, list):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid input data for {cls}. Expected a list, but got {type(output)}.")
+        return output
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_obj_as_instance(cls: type[T], data: bytes | str | list | dict) -> T:
+        """Alias to parse server response and return a single instance.
+
+        See `parse_obj` for more details.
+        """
+        output = cls.parse_obj(data)
+        if isinstance(output, list):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid input data for {cls}. Expected a single instance, but got a list.")
+        return output
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_obj(cls: type[T], data: bytes | str | list | dict) -> list[T] | T:
+        """Parse server response as a dataclass or list of dataclasses.
+
+        To enable future-compatibility, we want to handle cases where the server return more fields than expected.
+        In such cases, we don't want to raise an error but still create the dataclass object. Remaining fields are
+        added as dict attributes.
+        """
+        # Parse server response (from bytes)
+        if isinstance(data, bytes):
+            data = data.decode()
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            data = json.loads(data)
+
+        # If a list, parse each item individually
+        if isinstance(data, list):
+            return [cls.parse_obj(d) for d in data]  # type: ignore
+
+        # At this point, we expect a dict
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(data)}")
+
+        init_values = {}
+        other_values = {}
+        for key, value in data.items():
+            key = normalize_key(key)
+            if key in cls.__dataclass_fields__ and cls.__dataclass_fields__[key].init:
+                if isinstance(value, dict) or isinstance(value, list):
+                    field_type = cls.__dataclass_fields__[key].type
+
+                    # if `field_type` is a `BaseInferenceType`, parse it
+                    if inspect.isclass(field_type) and issubclass(field_type, BaseInferenceType):
+                        value = field_type.parse_obj(value)
+
+                    # otherwise, recursively parse nested dataclasses (if possible)
+                    # `get_args` returns handle Union and Optional for us
+                    else:
+                        expected_types = get_args(field_type)
+                        for expected_type in expected_types:
+                            if (
+                                isinstance(expected_type, types.GenericAlias) and expected_type.__origin__ is list
+                            ) or getattr(expected_type, "_name", None) == "List":
+                                expected_type = get_args(expected_type)[
+                                    0
+                                ]  # assume same type for all items in the list
+                            if inspect.isclass(expected_type) and issubclass(expected_type, BaseInferenceType):
+                                value = expected_type.parse_obj(value)
+                                break
+                init_values[key] = value
+            else:
+                other_values[key] = value
+
+        # Make all missing fields default to None
+        # => ensure that dataclass initialization will never fail even if the server does not return all fields.
+        for key in cls.__dataclass_fields__:
+            if key not in init_values:
+                init_values[key] = None
+
+        # Initialize dataclass with expected values
+        item = cls(**init_values)
+
+        # Add remaining fields as dict attributes
+        item.update(other_values)
+
+        # Add remaining fields as extra dataclass fields.
+        # They won't be part of the dataclass fields but will be accessible as attributes.
+        # Use @dataclass_with_extra to show them in __repr__.
+        item.__dict__.update(other_values)
+        return item
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        self.update(asdict(self))
+
+    def __setitem__(self, __key: Any, __value: Any) -> None:
+        # Hacky way to keep dataclass values in sync when dict is updated
+        super().__setitem__(__key, __value)
+        if __key in self.__dataclass_fields__ and getattr(self, __key, None) != __value:
+            self.__setattr__(__key, __value)
+        return
+
+    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
+        # Hacky way to keep dict values is sync when dataclass is updated
+        super().__setattr__(__name, __value)
+        if self.get(__name) != __value:
+            self[__name] = __value
+        return
+
+
+def normalize_key(key: str) -> str:
+    # e.g "content-type" -> "content_type", "Accept" -> "accept"
+    return key.replace("-", "_").replace(" ", "_").lower()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/chat_completion.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/chat_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a5d69ef70ed25d0ed0731c6a6b536e3130cdd73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/chat_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputURL(BaseInferenceType):
+    url: str
+
+
+ChatCompletionInputMessageChunkType = Literal["text", "image_url"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputMessageChunk(BaseInferenceType):
+    type: "ChatCompletionInputMessageChunkType"
+    image_url: ChatCompletionInputURL | None = None
+    text: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputFunctionDefinition(BaseInferenceType):
+    name: str
+    parameters: Any
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputToolCall(BaseInferenceType):
+    function: ChatCompletionInputFunctionDefinition
+    id: str
+    type: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputMessage(BaseInferenceType):
+    role: str
+    content: list[ChatCompletionInputMessageChunk] | str | None = None
+    name: str | None = None
+    tool_calls: list[ChatCompletionInputToolCall] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputJSONSchema(BaseInferenceType):
+    name: str
+    """
+    The name of the response format.
+    """
+    description: str | None = None
+    """
+    A description of what the response format is for, used by the model to determine
+    how to respond in the format.
+    """
+    schema: dict[str, object] | None = None
+    """
+    The schema for the response format, described as a JSON Schema object. Learn how
+    to build JSON schemas [here](https://json-schema.org/).
+    """
+    strict: bool | None = None
+    """
+    Whether to enable strict schema adherence when generating the output. If set to
+    true, the model will always follow the exact schema defined in the `schema`
+    field.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatText(BaseInferenceType):
+    type: Literal["text"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONSchema(BaseInferenceType):
+    type: Literal["json_schema"]
+    json_schema: ChatCompletionInputJSONSchema
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONObject(BaseInferenceType):
+    type: Literal["json_object"]
+
+
+ChatCompletionInputGrammarType = Union[
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatText,
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONSchema,
+    ChatCompletionInputResponseFormatJSONObject,
+]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions(BaseInferenceType):
+    include_usage: bool | None = None
+    """If set, an additional chunk will be streamed before the data: [DONE] message. The usage
+    field on this chunk shows the token usage statistics for the entire request, and the
+    choices field will always be an empty array. All other chunks will also include a usage
+    field, but with a null value.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputFunctionName(BaseInferenceType):
+    name: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass(BaseInferenceType):
+    function: ChatCompletionInputFunctionName
+
+
+ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum = Literal["auto", "none", "required"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInputTool(BaseInferenceType):
+    function: ChatCompletionInputFunctionDefinition
+    type: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Chat Completion Input.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    messages: list[ChatCompletionInputMessage]
+    """A list of messages comprising the conversation so far."""
+    frequency_penalty: float | None = None
+    """Number between -2.0 and 2.0. Positive values penalize new tokens based on their existing
+    frequency in the text so far,
+    decreasing the model's likelihood to repeat the same line verbatim.
+    """
+    logit_bias: list[float] | None = None
+    """UNUSED
+    Modify the likelihood of specified tokens appearing in the completion. Accepts a JSON
+    object that maps tokens
+    (specified by their token ID in the tokenizer) to an associated bias value from -100 to
+    100. Mathematically,
+    the bias is added to the logits generated by the model prior to sampling. The exact
+    effect will vary per model,
+    but values between -1 and 1 should decrease or increase likelihood of selection; values
+    like -100 or 100 should
+    result in a ban or exclusive selection of the relevant token.
+    """
+    logprobs: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to return log probabilities of the output tokens or not. If true, returns the log
+    probabilities of each
+    output token returned in the content of message.
+    """
+    max_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The maximum number of tokens that can be generated in the chat completion."""
+    model: str | None = None
+    """[UNUSED] ID of the model to use. See the model endpoint compatibility table for details
+    on which models work with the Chat API.
+    """
+    n: int | None = None
+    """UNUSED
+    How many chat completion choices to generate for each input message. Note that you will
+    be charged based on the
+    number of generated tokens across all of the choices. Keep n as 1 to minimize costs.
+    """
+    presence_penalty: float | None = None
+    """Number between -2.0 and 2.0. Positive values penalize new tokens based on whether they
+    appear in the text so far,
+    increasing the model's likelihood to talk about new topics
+    """
+    response_format: ChatCompletionInputGrammarType | None = None
+    seed: int | None = None
+    stop: list[str] | None = None
+    """Up to 4 sequences where the API will stop generating further tokens."""
+    stream: bool | None = None
+    stream_options: ChatCompletionInputStreamOptions | None = None
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """What sampling temperature to use, between 0 and 2. Higher values like 0.8 will make the
+    output more random, while
+    lower values like 0.2 will make it more focused and deterministic.
+    We generally recommend altering this or `top_p` but not both.
+    """
+    tool_choice: Union[ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceClass, "ChatCompletionInputToolChoiceEnum"] | None = None
+    tool_prompt: str | None = None
+    """A prompt to be appended before the tools"""
+    tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] | None = None
+    """A list of tools the model may call. Currently, only functions are supported as a tool.
+    Use this to provide a list of
+    functions the model may generate JSON inputs for.
+    """
+    top_logprobs: int | None = None
+    """An integer between 0 and 5 specifying the number of most likely tokens to return at each
+    token position, each with
+    an associated log probability. logprobs must be set to true if this parameter is used.
+    """
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """An alternative to sampling with temperature, called nucleus sampling, where the model
+    considers the results of the
+    tokens with top_p probability mass. So 0.1 means only the tokens comprising the top 10%
+    probability mass are considered.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputTopLogprob(BaseInferenceType):
+    logprob: float
+    token: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputLogprob(BaseInferenceType):
+    logprob: float
+    token: str
+    top_logprobs: list[ChatCompletionOutputTopLogprob]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputLogprobs(BaseInferenceType):
+    content: list[ChatCompletionOutputLogprob]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputFunctionDefinition(BaseInferenceType):
+    arguments: str
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputToolCall(BaseInferenceType):
+    function: ChatCompletionOutputFunctionDefinition
+    id: str
+    type: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputMessage(BaseInferenceType):
+    role: str
+    content: str | None = None
+    reasoning: str | None = None
+    tool_call_id: str | None = None
+    tool_calls: list[ChatCompletionOutputToolCall] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputComplete(BaseInferenceType):
+    finish_reason: str
+    index: int
+    message: ChatCompletionOutputMessage
+    logprobs: ChatCompletionOutputLogprobs | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutputUsage(BaseInferenceType):
+    completion_tokens: int
+    prompt_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Chat Completion Output.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    choices: list[ChatCompletionOutputComplete]
+    created: int
+    id: str
+    model: str
+    system_fingerprint: str
+    usage: ChatCompletionOutputUsage
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputFunction(BaseInferenceType):
+    arguments: str
+    name: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputDeltaToolCall(BaseInferenceType):
+    function: ChatCompletionStreamOutputFunction
+    id: str
+    index: int
+    type: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta(BaseInferenceType):
+    role: str
+    content: str | None = None
+    reasoning: str | None = None
+    tool_call_id: str | None = None
+    tool_calls: list[ChatCompletionStreamOutputDeltaToolCall] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputTopLogprob(BaseInferenceType):
+    logprob: float
+    token: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprob(BaseInferenceType):
+    logprob: float
+    token: str
+    top_logprobs: list[ChatCompletionStreamOutputTopLogprob]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprobs(BaseInferenceType):
+    content: list[ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprob]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice(BaseInferenceType):
+    delta: ChatCompletionStreamOutputDelta
+    index: int
+    finish_reason: str | None = None
+    logprobs: ChatCompletionStreamOutputLogprobs | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutputUsage(BaseInferenceType):
+    completion_tokens: int
+    prompt_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ChatCompletionStreamOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Chat Completion Stream Output.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    choices: list[ChatCompletionStreamOutputChoice]
+    created: int
+    id: str
+    model: str
+    system_fingerprint: str
+    usage: ChatCompletionStreamOutputUsage | None = None
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/depth_estimation.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/depth_estimation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf26998ed518acd9e0f16d2f0f0de264a941840c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/depth_estimation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DepthEstimationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Depth Estimation inference"""
+
+    inputs: Any
+    """The input image data"""
+    parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Depth Estimation"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DepthEstimationOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Depth Estimation task"""
+
+    depth: Any
+    """The predicted depth as an image"""
+    predicted_depth: Any
+    """The predicted depth as a tensor"""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/document_question_answering.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/document_question_answering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ec9c29e306671a389321e332b9bc197e77e3c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/document_question_answering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DocumentQuestionAnsweringInputData(BaseInferenceType):
+    """One (document, question) pair to answer"""
+
+    image: Any
+    """The image on which the question is asked"""
+    question: str
+    """A question to ask of the document"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DocumentQuestionAnsweringParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Document Question Answering"""
+
+    doc_stride: int | None = None
+    """If the words in the document are too long to fit with the question for the model, it will
+    be split in several chunks with some overlap. This argument controls the size of that
+    overlap.
+    """
+    handle_impossible_answer: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to accept impossible as an answer"""
+    lang: str | None = None
+    """Language to use while running OCR. Defaults to english."""
+    max_answer_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of predicted answers (e.g., only answers with a shorter length are
+    considered).
+    """
+    max_question_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of the question after tokenization. It will be truncated if needed."""
+    max_seq_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of the total sentence (context + question) in tokens of each chunk
+    passed to the model. The context will be split in several chunks (using doc_stride as
+    overlap) if needed.
+    """
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Can return less
+    than top_k answers if there are not enough options available within the context.
+    """
+    word_boxes: list[list[float] | str] | None = None
+    """A list of words and bounding boxes (normalized 0->1000). If provided, the inference will
+    skip the OCR step and use the provided bounding boxes instead.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DocumentQuestionAnsweringInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Document Question Answering inference"""
+
+    inputs: DocumentQuestionAnsweringInputData
+    """One (document, question) pair to answer"""
+    parameters: DocumentQuestionAnsweringParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Document Question Answering"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class DocumentQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Document Question Answering task"""
+
+    answer: str
+    """The answer to the question."""
+    end: int
+    """The end word index of the answer (in the OCR’d version of the input or provided word
+    boxes).
+    """
+    score: float
+    """The probability associated to the answer."""
+    start: int
+    """The start word index of the answer (in the OCR’d version of the input or provided word
+    boxes).
+    """
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/feature_extraction.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/feature_extraction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2868432b8dc937582b467ba14bcb12c3148eaf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/feature_extraction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+FeatureExtractionInputTruncationDirection = Literal["left", "right"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class FeatureExtractionInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Feature Extraction Input.
+    Auto-generated from TEI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tei-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    inputs: list[str] | str
+    """The text or list of texts to embed."""
+    normalize: bool | None = None
+    prompt_name: str | None = None
+    """The name of the prompt that should be used by for encoding. If not set, no prompt
+    will be applied.
+    Must be a key in the `sentence-transformers` configuration `prompts` dictionary.
+    For example if ``prompt_name`` is "query" and the ``prompts`` is {"query": "query: ",
+    ...},
+    then the sentence "What is the capital of France?" will be encoded as
+    "query: What is the capital of France?" because the prompt text will be prepended before
+    any text to encode.
+    """
+    truncate: bool | None = None
+    truncation_direction: Optional["FeatureExtractionInputTruncationDirection"] = None
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/fill_mask.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/fill_mask.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84fcac730ee43763150068ddeca63a1ed127d59c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/fill_mask.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class FillMaskParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Fill Mask"""
+
+    targets: list[str] | None = None
+    """When passed, the model will limit the scores to the passed targets instead of looking up
+    in the whole vocabulary. If the provided targets are not in the model vocab, they will be
+    tokenized and the first resulting token will be used (with a warning, and that might be
+    slower).
+    """
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When passed, overrides the number of predictions to return."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class FillMaskInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Fill Mask inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The text with masked tokens"""
+    parameters: FillMaskParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Fill Mask"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class FillMaskOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Fill Mask task"""
+
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability"""
+    sequence: str
+    """The corresponding input with the mask token prediction."""
+    token: int
+    """The predicted token id (to replace the masked one)."""
+    token_str: Any
+    fill_mask_output_token_str: str | None = None
+    """The predicted token (to replace the masked one)."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0d2d564b7d573cea0847308bbb723d519a5cede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+ImageClassificationOutputTransform = Literal["sigmoid", "softmax", "none"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Classification"""
+
+    function_to_apply: Optional["ImageClassificationOutputTransform"] = None
+    """The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image Classification task"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_segmentation.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_segmentation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2938d89cab79329d1aeac3b16d85c8b76e49cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_segmentation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+ImageSegmentationSubtask = Literal["instance", "panoptic", "semantic"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageSegmentationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Segmentation"""
+
+    mask_threshold: float | None = None
+    """Threshold to use when turning the predicted masks into binary values."""
+    overlap_mask_area_threshold: float | None = None
+    """Mask overlap threshold to eliminate small, disconnected segments."""
+    subtask: Optional["ImageSegmentationSubtask"] = None
+    """Segmentation task to be performed, depending on model capabilities."""
+    threshold: float | None = None
+    """Probability threshold to filter out predicted masks."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageSegmentationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image Segmentation inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageSegmentationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Segmentation"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageSegmentationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image Segmentation task
+    A predicted mask / segment
+    """
+
+    label: str
+    """The label of the predicted segment."""
+    mask: str
+    """The corresponding mask as a black-and-white image (base64-encoded)."""
+    score: float | None = None
+    """The score or confidence degree the model has."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_image.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d711f40ca021e5dfa3c072d19b5730d615dec6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToImageTargetSize(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The size in pixels of the output image. This parameter is only supported by some
+    providers and for specific models. It will be ignored when unsupported.
+    """
+
+    height: int
+    width: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToImageParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Text To Image"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate
+    images closely linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+    """
+    negative_prompt: str | None = None
+    """One prompt to guide what NOT to include in image generation."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to
+    a higher quality image at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    prompt: str | None = None
+    """The text prompt to guide the image generation. Either this or inputs (image) must be
+    provided.
+    """
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Seed for the random number generator."""
+    target_size: ImageTextToImageTargetSize | None = None
+    """The size in pixels of the output image. This parameter is only supported by some
+    providers and for specific models. It will be ignored when unsupported.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToImageInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image Text To Image inference. Either inputs (image) or prompt (in parameters)
+    must be provided, or both.
+    """
+
+    inputs: str | None = None
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload. Either this or prompt must be
+    provided.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageTextToImageParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Text To Image"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToImageOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image Text To Image task"""
+
+    image: Any
+    """The generated image returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_video.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_video.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..870bb16c04add8cfb7909da74cef902b98486f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_text_to_video.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToVideoTargetSize(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The size in pixel of the output video frames."""
+
+    height: int
+    width: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToVideoParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Text To Video"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate
+    videos closely linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+    """
+    negative_prompt: str | None = None
+    """One prompt to guide what NOT to include in video generation."""
+    num_frames: float | None = None
+    """The num_frames parameter determines how many video frames are generated."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality
+    video at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    prompt: str | None = None
+    """The text prompt to guide the video generation. Either this or inputs (image) must be
+    provided.
+    """
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Seed for the random number generator."""
+    target_size: ImageTextToVideoTargetSize | None = None
+    """The size in pixel of the output video frames."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToVideoInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image Text To Video inference. Either inputs (image) or prompt (in parameters)
+    must be provided, or both.
+    """
+
+    inputs: str | None = None
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload. Either this or prompt must be
+    provided.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageTextToVideoParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image Text To Video"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageTextToVideoOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image Text To Video task"""
+
+    video: Any
+    """The generated video returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_image.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e943d73915803c05211e0d8b1a0e64fc4fdba3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToImageTargetSize(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The size in pixels of the output image. This parameter is only supported by some
+    providers and for specific models. It will be ignored when unsupported.
+    """
+
+    height: int
+    width: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToImageParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Image"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate
+    images closely linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+    """
+    negative_prompt: str | None = None
+    """One prompt to guide what NOT to include in image generation."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to
+    a higher quality image at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    prompt: str | None = None
+    """The text prompt to guide the image generation."""
+    target_size: ImageToImageTargetSize | None = None
+    """The size in pixels of the output image. This parameter is only supported by some
+    providers and for specific models. It will be ignored when unsupported.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToImageInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image To Image inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageToImageParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Image"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToImageOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image To Image task"""
+
+    image: Any
+    """The output image returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_text.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3924a6612c8b246069215e2ad581dc058f54ac41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+ImageToTextEarlyStoppingEnum = Literal["never"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToTextGenerationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+    do_sample: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to use sampling instead of greedy decoding when generating new tokens."""
+    early_stopping: Union[bool, "ImageToTextEarlyStoppingEnum"] | None = None
+    """Controls the stopping condition for beam-based methods."""
+    epsilon_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """If set to float strictly between 0 and 1, only tokens with a conditional probability
+    greater than epsilon_cutoff will be sampled. In the paper, suggested values range from
+    3e-4 to 9e-4, depending on the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language
+    Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+    """
+    eta_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """Eta sampling is a hybrid of locally typical sampling and epsilon sampling. If set to
+    float strictly between 0 and 1, a token is only considered if it is greater than either
+    eta_cutoff or sqrt(eta_cutoff) * exp(-entropy(softmax(next_token_logits))). The latter
+    term is intuitively the expected next token probability, scaled by sqrt(eta_cutoff). In
+    the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 2e-3, depending on the size of the model.
+    See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191)
+    for more details.
+    """
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The maximum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over max_length."""
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    """The minimum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    min_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The minimum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over min_length."""
+    num_beam_groups: int | None = None
+    """Number of groups to divide num_beams into in order to ensure diversity among different
+    groups of beams. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/1610.02424) for more details.
+    """
+    num_beams: int | None = None
+    """Number of beams to use for beam search."""
+    penalty_alpha: float | None = None
+    """The value balances the model confidence and the degeneration penalty in contrastive
+    search decoding.
+    """
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """The value used to modulate the next token probabilities."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering."""
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """If set to float < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities
+    that add up to top_p or higher are kept for generation.
+    """
+    typical_p: float | None = None
+    """Local typicality measures how similar the conditional probability of predicting a target
+    token next is to the expected conditional probability of predicting a random token next,
+    given the partial text already generated. If set to float < 1, the smallest set of the
+    most locally typical tokens with probabilities that add up to typical_p or higher are
+    kept for generation. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/2202.00666) for more details.
+    """
+    use_cache: bool | None = None
+    """Whether the model should use the past last key/values attentions to speed up decoding"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToTextParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Text"""
+
+    generation_parameters: ImageToTextGenerationParameters | None = None
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The amount of maximum tokens to generate."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToTextInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image To Text inference"""
+
+    inputs: Any
+    """The input image data"""
+    parameters: ImageToTextParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Text"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToTextOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image To Text task"""
+
+    generated_text: Any
+    image_to_text_output_generated_text: str | None = None
+    """The generated text."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_video.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_video.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b14883f044c13c935f7b3d41f23a50f0b7c29850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/image_to_video.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToVideoTargetSize(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The size in pixel of the output video frames."""
+
+    height: int
+    width: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToVideoParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Video"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """For diffusion models. A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate
+    videos closely linked to the text prompt at the expense of lower image quality.
+    """
+    negative_prompt: str | None = None
+    """One prompt to guide what NOT to include in video generation."""
+    num_frames: float | None = None
+    """The num_frames parameter determines how many video frames are generated."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality
+    video at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    prompt: str | None = None
+    """The text prompt to guide the video generation."""
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Seed for the random number generator."""
+    target_size: ImageToVideoTargetSize | None = None
+    """The size in pixel of the output video frames."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToVideoInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Image To Video inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: ImageToVideoParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Image To Video"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ImageToVideoOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Image To Video task"""
+
+    video: Any
+    """The generated video returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/object_detection.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/object_detection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c7ef7843424c75e0af2d7363a8561bec57b81f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/object_detection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ObjectDetectionParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Object Detection"""
+
+    threshold: float | None = None
+    """The probability necessary to make a prediction."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ObjectDetectionInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Object Detection inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the image data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: ObjectDetectionParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Object Detection"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ObjectDetectionBoundingBox(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The predicted bounding box. Coordinates are relative to the top left corner of the input
+    image.
+    """
+
+    xmax: int
+    """The x-coordinate of the bottom-right corner of the bounding box."""
+    xmin: int
+    """The x-coordinate of the top-left corner of the bounding box."""
+    ymax: int
+    """The y-coordinate of the bottom-right corner of the bounding box."""
+    ymin: int
+    """The y-coordinate of the top-left corner of the bounding box."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ObjectDetectionOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Object Detection task"""
+
+    box: ObjectDetectionBoundingBox
+    """The predicted bounding box. Coordinates are relative to the top left corner of the input
+    image.
+    """
+    label: str
+    """The predicted label for the bounding box."""
+    score: float
+    """The associated score / probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/question_answering.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/question_answering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee97c638d68c3bedf4fe8e8f9a8f996d4955e30a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/question_answering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class QuestionAnsweringInputData(BaseInferenceType):
+    """One (context, question) pair to answer"""
+
+    context: str
+    """The context to be used for answering the question"""
+    question: str
+    """The question to be answered"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class QuestionAnsweringParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Question Answering"""
+
+    align_to_words: bool | None = None
+    """Attempts to align the answer to real words. Improves quality on space separated
+    languages. Might hurt on non-space-separated languages (like Japanese or Chinese)
+    """
+    doc_stride: int | None = None
+    """If the context is too long to fit with the question for the model, it will be split in
+    several chunks with some overlap. This argument controls the size of that overlap.
+    """
+    handle_impossible_answer: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to accept impossible as an answer."""
+    max_answer_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of predicted answers (e.g., only answers with a shorter length are
+    considered).
+    """
+    max_question_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of the question after tokenization. It will be truncated if needed."""
+    max_seq_len: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length of the total sentence (context + question) in tokens of each chunk
+    passed to the model. The context will be split in several chunks (using docStride as
+    overlap) if needed.
+    """
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Note that we
+    return less than topk answers if there are not enough options available within the
+    context.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class QuestionAnsweringInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Question Answering inference"""
+
+    inputs: QuestionAnsweringInputData
+    """One (context, question) pair to answer"""
+    parameters: QuestionAnsweringParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Question Answering"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class QuestionAnsweringOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Question Answering task"""
+
+    answer: str
+    """The answer to the question."""
+    end: int
+    """The character position in the input where the answer ends."""
+    score: float
+    """The probability associated to the answer."""
+    start: int
+    """The character position in the input where the answer begins."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/sentence_similarity.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/sentence_similarity.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a06c32d395fce557784f95ca77c0a62f04b255db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/sentence_similarity.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class SentenceSimilarityInputData(BaseInferenceType):
+    sentences: list[str]
+    """A list of strings which will be compared against the source_sentence."""
+    source_sentence: str
+    """The string that you wish to compare the other strings with. This can be a phrase,
+    sentence, or longer passage, depending on the model being used.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class SentenceSimilarityInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Sentence similarity inference"""
+
+    inputs: SentenceSimilarityInputData
+    parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Sentence Similarity"""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/summarization.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/summarization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35f2a86f308f9d4839f46ac6496097961a2df723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/summarization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+SummarizationTruncationStrategy = Literal["do_not_truncate", "longest_first", "only_first", "only_second"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class SummarizationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for summarization."""
+
+    clean_up_tokenization_spaces: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to clean up the potential extra spaces in the text output."""
+    generate_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    """Additional parametrization of the text generation algorithm."""
+    truncation: Optional["SummarizationTruncationStrategy"] = None
+    """The truncation strategy to use."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class SummarizationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Summarization inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text to summarize."""
+    parameters: SummarizationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for summarization."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class SummarizationOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Summarization task"""
+
+    summary_text: str
+    """The summarized text."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/table_question_answering.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/table_question_answering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1909f0d2b77551ff8b7b4cf0df199a46e5c72197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/table_question_answering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TableQuestionAnsweringInputData(BaseInferenceType):
+    """One (table, question) pair to answer"""
+
+    question: str
+    """The question to be answered about the table"""
+    table: dict[str, list[str]]
+    """The table to serve as context for the questions"""
+
+
+Padding = Literal["do_not_pad", "longest", "max_length"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TableQuestionAnsweringParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Table Question Answering"""
+
+    padding: Optional["Padding"] = None
+    """Activates and controls padding."""
+    sequential: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to do inference sequentially or as a batch. Batching is faster, but models like
+    SQA require the inference to be done sequentially to extract relations within sequences,
+    given their conversational nature.
+    """
+    truncation: bool | None = None
+    """Activates and controls truncation."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TableQuestionAnsweringInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Table Question Answering inference"""
+
+    inputs: TableQuestionAnsweringInputData
+    """One (table, question) pair to answer"""
+    parameters: TableQuestionAnsweringParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Table Question Answering"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TableQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Table Question Answering task"""
+
+    answer: str
+    """The answer of the question given the table. If there is an aggregator, the answer will be
+    preceded by `AGGREGATOR >`.
+    """
+    cells: list[str]
+    """list of strings made up of the answer cell values."""
+    coordinates: list[list[int]]
+    """Coordinates of the cells of the answers."""
+    aggregator: str | None = None
+    """If the model has an aggregator, this returns the aggregator."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text2text_generation.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text2text_generation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4508823749a52d3238fc288e62e479e126e1827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text2text_generation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+Text2TextGenerationTruncationStrategy = Literal["do_not_truncate", "longest_first", "only_first", "only_second"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class Text2TextGenerationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text2text Generation"""
+
+    clean_up_tokenization_spaces: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to clean up the potential extra spaces in the text output."""
+    generate_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    """Additional parametrization of the text generation algorithm"""
+    truncation: Optional["Text2TextGenerationTruncationStrategy"] = None
+    """The truncation strategy to use"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class Text2TextGenerationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text2text Generation inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data"""
+    parameters: Text2TextGenerationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text2text Generation"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class Text2TextGenerationOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text2text Generation task"""
+
+    generated_text: Any
+    text2_text_generation_output_generated_text: str | None = None
+    """The generated text."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9df576b4de724a73be32ff5ecbf81dd5ea576f91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TextClassificationOutputTransform = Literal["sigmoid", "softmax", "none"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text Classification"""
+
+    function_to_apply: Optional["TextClassificationOutputTransform"] = None
+    """The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The text to classify"""
+    parameters: TextClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text Classification task"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_generation.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_generation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b2269955bcaef7f23972b00ca8991b6854f8181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_generation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TypeEnum = Literal["json", "regex", "json_schema"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationInputGrammarType(BaseInferenceType):
+    type: "TypeEnum"
+    value: Any
+    """A string that represents a [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/).
+    JSON Schema is a declarative language that allows to annotate JSON documents
+    with types and descriptions.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    adapter_id: str | None = None
+    """Lora adapter id"""
+    best_of: int | None = None
+    """Generate best_of sequences and return the one if the highest token logprobs."""
+    decoder_input_details: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to return decoder input token logprobs and ids."""
+    details: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to return generation details."""
+    do_sample: bool | None = None
+    """Activate logits sampling."""
+    frequency_penalty: float | None = None
+    """The parameter for frequency penalty. 1.0 means no penalty
+    Penalize new tokens based on their existing frequency in the text so far,
+    decreasing the model's likelihood to repeat the same line verbatim.
+    """
+    grammar: TextGenerationInputGrammarType | None = None
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """Maximum number of tokens to generate."""
+    repetition_penalty: float | None = None
+    """The parameter for repetition penalty. 1.0 means no penalty.
+    See [this paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.05858.pdf) for more details.
+    """
+    return_full_text: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to prepend the prompt to the generated text"""
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Random sampling seed."""
+    stop: list[str] | None = None
+    """Stop generating tokens if a member of `stop` is generated."""
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """The value used to module the logits distribution."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering."""
+    top_n_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-n-filtering."""
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """Top-p value for nucleus sampling."""
+    truncate: int | None = None
+    """Truncate inputs tokens to the given size."""
+    typical_p: float | None = None
+    """Typical Decoding mass
+    See [Typical Decoding for Natural Language Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00666)
+    for more information.
+    """
+    watermark: bool | None = None
+    """Watermarking with [A Watermark for Large Language
+    Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10226).
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Text Generation Input.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    inputs: str
+    parameters: TextGenerationInputGenerateParameters | None = None
+    stream: bool | None = None
+
+
+TextGenerationOutputFinishReason = Literal["length", "eos_token", "stop_sequence"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationOutputPrefillToken(BaseInferenceType):
+    id: int
+    logprob: float
+    text: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationOutputToken(BaseInferenceType):
+    id: int
+    logprob: float
+    special: bool
+    text: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationOutputBestOfSequence(BaseInferenceType):
+    finish_reason: "TextGenerationOutputFinishReason"
+    generated_text: str
+    generated_tokens: int
+    prefill: list[TextGenerationOutputPrefillToken]
+    tokens: list[TextGenerationOutputToken]
+    seed: int | None = None
+    top_tokens: list[list[TextGenerationOutputToken]] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationOutputDetails(BaseInferenceType):
+    finish_reason: "TextGenerationOutputFinishReason"
+    generated_tokens: int
+    prefill: list[TextGenerationOutputPrefillToken]
+    tokens: list[TextGenerationOutputToken]
+    best_of_sequences: list[TextGenerationOutputBestOfSequence] | None = None
+    seed: int | None = None
+    top_tokens: list[list[TextGenerationOutputToken]] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Text Generation Output.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    generated_text: str
+    details: TextGenerationOutputDetails | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationStreamOutputStreamDetails(BaseInferenceType):
+    finish_reason: "TextGenerationOutputFinishReason"
+    generated_tokens: int
+    input_length: int
+    seed: int | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationStreamOutputToken(BaseInferenceType):
+    id: int
+    logprob: float
+    special: bool
+    text: str
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextGenerationStreamOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Text Generation Stream Output.
+    Auto-generated from TGI specs.
+    For more details, check out
+    https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-tgi-import.ts.
+    """
+
+    index: int
+    token: TextGenerationStreamOutputToken
+    details: TextGenerationStreamOutputStreamDetails | None = None
+    generated_text: str | None = None
+    top_tokens: list[TextGenerationStreamOutputToken] | None = None
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_audio.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_audio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35033f5129cdfb3d3e7512727bdfc248c882d35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_audio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TextToAudioEarlyStoppingEnum = Literal["never"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToAudioGenerationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+    do_sample: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to use sampling instead of greedy decoding when generating new tokens."""
+    early_stopping: Union[bool, "TextToAudioEarlyStoppingEnum"] | None = None
+    """Controls the stopping condition for beam-based methods."""
+    epsilon_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """If set to float strictly between 0 and 1, only tokens with a conditional probability
+    greater than epsilon_cutoff will be sampled. In the paper, suggested values range from
+    3e-4 to 9e-4, depending on the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language
+    Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+    """
+    eta_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """Eta sampling is a hybrid of locally typical sampling and epsilon sampling. If set to
+    float strictly between 0 and 1, a token is only considered if it is greater than either
+    eta_cutoff or sqrt(eta_cutoff) * exp(-entropy(softmax(next_token_logits))). The latter
+    term is intuitively the expected next token probability, scaled by sqrt(eta_cutoff). In
+    the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 2e-3, depending on the size of the model.
+    See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191)
+    for more details.
+    """
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The maximum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over max_length."""
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    """The minimum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    min_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The minimum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over min_length."""
+    num_beam_groups: int | None = None
+    """Number of groups to divide num_beams into in order to ensure diversity among different
+    groups of beams. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/1610.02424) for more details.
+    """
+    num_beams: int | None = None
+    """Number of beams to use for beam search."""
+    penalty_alpha: float | None = None
+    """The value balances the model confidence and the degeneration penalty in contrastive
+    search decoding.
+    """
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """The value used to modulate the next token probabilities."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering."""
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """If set to float < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities
+    that add up to top_p or higher are kept for generation.
+    """
+    typical_p: float | None = None
+    """Local typicality measures how similar the conditional probability of predicting a target
+    token next is to the expected conditional probability of predicting a random token next,
+    given the partial text already generated. If set to float < 1, the smallest set of the
+    most locally typical tokens with probabilities that add up to typical_p or higher are
+    kept for generation. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/2202.00666) for more details.
+    """
+    use_cache: bool | None = None
+    """Whether the model should use the past last key/values attentions to speed up decoding"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToAudioParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Audio"""
+
+    generation_parameters: TextToAudioGenerationParameters | None = None
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToAudioInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text To Audio inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data"""
+    parameters: TextToAudioParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Audio"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToAudioOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text To Audio task"""
+
+    audio: Any
+    """The generated audio waveform."""
+    sampling_rate: float
+    """The sampling rate of the generated audio waveform."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_image.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..716f240385fba6116b8b19b88e177536a3d18ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToImageParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Image"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate images closely linked to
+    the text prompt, but values too high may cause saturation and other artifacts.
+    """
+    height: int | None = None
+    """The height in pixels of the output image"""
+    negative_prompt: str | None = None
+    """One prompt to guide what NOT to include in image generation."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality
+    image at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    scheduler: str | None = None
+    """Override the scheduler with a compatible one."""
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Seed for the random number generator."""
+    width: int | None = None
+    """The width in pixels of the output image"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToImageInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text To Image inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data (sometimes called "prompt")"""
+    parameters: TextToImageParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Image"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToImageOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text To Image task"""
+
+    image: Any
+    """The generated image returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_speech.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_speech.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..588e0d1a566bde3bf66a3a07271638c6f42ecb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_speech.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Union
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum = Literal["never"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToSpeechGenerationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+    do_sample: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to use sampling instead of greedy decoding when generating new tokens."""
+    early_stopping: Union[bool, "TextToSpeechEarlyStoppingEnum"] | None = None
+    """Controls the stopping condition for beam-based methods."""
+    epsilon_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """If set to float strictly between 0 and 1, only tokens with a conditional probability
+    greater than epsilon_cutoff will be sampled. In the paper, suggested values range from
+    3e-4 to 9e-4, depending on the size of the model. See [Truncation Sampling as Language
+    Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191) for more details.
+    """
+    eta_cutoff: float | None = None
+    """Eta sampling is a hybrid of locally typical sampling and epsilon sampling. If set to
+    float strictly between 0 and 1, a token is only considered if it is greater than either
+    eta_cutoff or sqrt(eta_cutoff) * exp(-entropy(softmax(next_token_logits))). The latter
+    term is intuitively the expected next token probability, scaled by sqrt(eta_cutoff). In
+    the paper, suggested values range from 3e-4 to 2e-3, depending on the size of the model.
+    See [Truncation Sampling as Language Model Desmoothing](https://hf.co/papers/2210.15191)
+    for more details.
+    """
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    """The maximum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    max_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The maximum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over max_length."""
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    """The minimum length (in tokens) of the generated text, including the input."""
+    min_new_tokens: int | None = None
+    """The minimum number of tokens to generate. Takes precedence over min_length."""
+    num_beam_groups: int | None = None
+    """Number of groups to divide num_beams into in order to ensure diversity among different
+    groups of beams. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/1610.02424) for more details.
+    """
+    num_beams: int | None = None
+    """Number of beams to use for beam search."""
+    penalty_alpha: float | None = None
+    """The value balances the model confidence and the degeneration penalty in contrastive
+    search decoding.
+    """
+    temperature: float | None = None
+    """The value used to modulate the next token probabilities."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering."""
+    top_p: float | None = None
+    """If set to float < 1, only the smallest set of most probable tokens with probabilities
+    that add up to top_p or higher are kept for generation.
+    """
+    typical_p: float | None = None
+    """Local typicality measures how similar the conditional probability of predicting a target
+    token next is to the expected conditional probability of predicting a random token next,
+    given the partial text already generated. If set to float < 1, the smallest set of the
+    most locally typical tokens with probabilities that add up to typical_p or higher are
+    kept for generation. See [this paper](https://hf.co/papers/2202.00666) for more details.
+    """
+    use_cache: bool | None = None
+    """Whether the model should use the past last key/values attentions to speed up decoding"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToSpeechParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Speech"""
+
+    generation_parameters: TextToSpeechGenerationParameters | None = None
+    """Parametrization of the text generation process"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToSpeechInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text To Speech inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data"""
+    parameters: TextToSpeechParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Speech"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToSpeechOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text To Speech task"""
+
+    audio: Any
+    """The generated audio"""
+    sampling_rate: float | None = None
+    """The sampling rate of the generated audio waveform."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_video.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_video.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e357113cecccce1653c8db977ecd2ca392a79b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/text_to_video.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToVideoParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Video"""
+
+    guidance_scale: float | None = None
+    """A higher guidance scale value encourages the model to generate videos closely linked to
+    the text prompt, but values too high may cause saturation and other artifacts.
+    """
+    negative_prompt: list[str] | None = None
+    """One or several prompt to guide what NOT to include in video generation."""
+    num_frames: float | None = None
+    """The num_frames parameter determines how many video frames are generated."""
+    num_inference_steps: int | None = None
+    """The number of denoising steps. More denoising steps usually lead to a higher quality
+    video at the expense of slower inference.
+    """
+    seed: int | None = None
+    """Seed for the random number generator."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToVideoInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Text To Video inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data (sometimes called "prompt")"""
+    parameters: TextToVideoParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Text To Video"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TextToVideoOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Text To Video task"""
+
+    video: Any
+    """The generated video returned as raw bytes in the payload."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/token_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/token_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abf21d19a60b4b90b87309dba367e2ea578f1fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/token_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy = Literal["none", "simple", "first", "average", "max"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TokenClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Token Classification"""
+
+    aggregation_strategy: Optional["TokenClassificationAggregationStrategy"] = None
+    """The strategy used to fuse tokens based on model predictions"""
+    ignore_labels: list[str] | None = None
+    """A list of labels to ignore"""
+    stride: int | None = None
+    """The number of overlapping tokens between chunks when splitting the input text."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TokenClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Token Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input text data"""
+    parameters: TokenClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Token Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TokenClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Token Classification task"""
+
+    end: int
+    """The character position in the input where this group ends."""
+    score: float
+    """The associated score / probability"""
+    start: int
+    """The character position in the input where this group begins."""
+    word: str
+    """The corresponding text"""
+    entity: str | None = None
+    """The predicted label for a single token"""
+    entity_group: str | None = None
+    """The predicted label for a group of one or more tokens"""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/translation.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/translation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58e0b9de2921843846ac0d3cc65faf7d7089e59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/translation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+TranslationTruncationStrategy = Literal["do_not_truncate", "longest_first", "only_first", "only_second"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TranslationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Translation"""
+
+    clean_up_tokenization_spaces: bool | None = None
+    """Whether to clean up the potential extra spaces in the text output."""
+    generate_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    """Additional parametrization of the text generation algorithm."""
+    src_lang: str | None = None
+    """The source language of the text. Required for models that can translate from multiple
+    languages.
+    """
+    tgt_lang: str | None = None
+    """Target language to translate to. Required for models that can translate to multiple
+    languages.
+    """
+    truncation: Optional["TranslationTruncationStrategy"] = None
+    """The truncation strategy to use."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TranslationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Translation inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The text to translate."""
+    parameters: TranslationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Translation"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class TranslationOutput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Translation task"""
+
+    translation_text: str
+    """The translated text."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/video_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/video_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..489a602c171e0b86fd5404d805c5773adea3b0ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/video_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+VideoClassificationOutputTransform = Literal["sigmoid", "softmax", "none"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VideoClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Video Classification"""
+
+    frame_sampling_rate: int | None = None
+    """The sampling rate used to select frames from the video."""
+    function_to_apply: Optional["VideoClassificationOutputTransform"] = None
+    """The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores."""
+    num_frames: int | None = None
+    """The number of sampled frames to consider for classification."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VideoClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Video Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: Any
+    """The input video data"""
+    parameters: VideoClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Video Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VideoClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Video Classification task"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/visual_question_answering.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/visual_question_answering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73f532aa06981778515a82fa5e151a1cff6b687d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/visual_question_answering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Any
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VisualQuestionAnsweringInputData(BaseInferenceType):
+    """One (image, question) pair to answer"""
+
+    image: Any
+    """The image."""
+    question: str
+    """The question to answer based on the image."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VisualQuestionAnsweringParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Visual Question Answering"""
+
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """The number of answers to return (will be chosen by order of likelihood). Note that we
+    return less than topk answers if there are not enough options available within the
+    context.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VisualQuestionAnsweringInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Visual Question Answering inference"""
+
+    inputs: VisualQuestionAnsweringInputData
+    """One (image, question) pair to answer"""
+    parameters: VisualQuestionAnsweringParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Visual Question Answering"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class VisualQuestionAnsweringOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Visual Question Answering task"""
+
+    score: float
+    """The associated score / probability"""
+    answer: str | None = None
+    """The answer to the question"""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a04f1a59353f97b9840d994e9eaed636479189a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Classification"""
+
+    candidate_labels: list[str]
+    """The set of possible class labels to classify the text into."""
+    hypothesis_template: str | None = None
+    """The sentence used in conjunction with `candidate_labels` to attempt the text
+    classification by replacing the placeholder with the candidate labels.
+    """
+    multi_label: bool | None = None
+    """Whether multiple candidate labels can be true. If false, the scores are normalized such
+    that the sum of the label likelihoods for each sequence is 1. If true, the labels are
+    considered independent and probabilities are normalized for each candidate.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Zero Shot Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The text to classify"""
+    parameters: ZeroShotClassificationParameters
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Zero Shot Classification task"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_image_classification.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_image_classification.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65c5cd2530665787e1e7d1fc49a6826646b141c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_image_classification.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotImageClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Image Classification"""
+
+    candidate_labels: list[str]
+    """The candidate labels for this image"""
+    hypothesis_template: str | None = None
+    """The sentence used in conjunction with `candidate_labels` to attempt the image
+    classification by replacing the placeholder with the candidate labels.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotImageClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Zero Shot Image Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data to classify as a base64-encoded string."""
+    parameters: ZeroShotImageClassificationParameters
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Image Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotImageClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Zero Shot Image Classification task"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_object_detection.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_object_detection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e981463b253f61aa0f4c71636813e5fb65d48717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/zero_shot_object_detection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotObjectDetectionParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Object Detection"""
+
+    candidate_labels: list[str]
+    """The candidate labels for this image"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotObjectDetectionInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Zero Shot Object Detection inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input image data as a base64-encoded string."""
+    parameters: ZeroShotObjectDetectionParameters
+    """Additional inference parameters for Zero Shot Object Detection"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotObjectDetectionBoundingBox(BaseInferenceType):
+    """The predicted bounding box. Coordinates are relative to the top left corner of the input
+    image.
+    """
+
+    xmax: int
+    xmin: int
+    ymax: int
+    ymin: int
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class ZeroShotObjectDetectionOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs of inference for the Zero Shot Object Detection task"""
+
+    box: ZeroShotObjectDetectionBoundingBox
+    """The predicted bounding box. Coordinates are relative to the top left corner of the input
+    image.
+    """
+    label: str
+    """A candidate label"""
+    score: float
+    """The associated score / probability"""
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/_cli_hacks.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/_cli_hacks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64251bbb745dc3b4b561f0eb249be65108b20d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/_cli_hacks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+
+import typer
+
+
+def _patch_anyio_open_process():
+    """
+    Patch anyio.open_process to allow detached processes on Windows and Unix-like systems.
+
+    This is necessary to prevent the MCP client from being interrupted by Ctrl+C when running in the CLI.
+    """
+    import subprocess
+
+    import anyio
+
+    if getattr(anyio, "_tiny_agents_patched", False):
+        return
+    anyio._tiny_agents_patched = True  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+
+    original_open_process = anyio.open_process
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # On Windows, we need to set the creation flags to create a new process group
+
+        async def open_process_in_new_group(*args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            Wrapper for open_process to handle Windows-specific process creation flags.
+            """
+            # Ensure we pass the creation flags for Windows
+            kwargs.setdefault("creationflags", subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP)
+            return await original_open_process(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        anyio.open_process = open_process_in_new_group  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+    else:
+        # For Unix-like systems, we can use setsid to create a new session
+        async def open_process_in_new_group(*args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            Wrapper for open_process to handle Unix-like systems with start_new_session=True.
+            """
+            kwargs.setdefault("start_new_session", True)
+            return await original_open_process(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        anyio.open_process = open_process_in_new_group  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+
+
+async def _async_prompt(exit_event: asyncio.Event, prompt: str = "» ") -> str:
+    """
+    Asynchronous prompt function that reads input from stdin without blocking.
+
+    This function is designed to work in an asynchronous context, allowing the event loop to gracefully stop it (e.g. on Ctrl+C).
+
+    Alternatively, we could use https://github.com/vxgmichel/aioconsole but that would be an additional dependency.
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # Windows: Use run_in_executor to avoid blocking the event loop
+        # Degraded solution: this is not ideal as user will have to CTRL+C once more to stop the prompt (and it'll not be graceful)
+        return await loop.run_in_executor(None, partial(typer.prompt, prompt, prompt_suffix=" "))
+    else:
+        # UNIX-like: Use loop.add_reader for non-blocking stdin read
+        future = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_input():
+            line = sys.stdin.readline()
+            loop.remove_reader(sys.stdin)
+            future.set_result(line)
+
+        print(prompt, end=" ", flush=True)
+        loop.add_reader(sys.stdin, on_input)  # not supported on Windows
+
+        # Wait for user input or exit event
+        # Wait until either the user hits enter or exit_event is set
+        exit_task = asyncio.create_task(exit_event.wait())
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [future, exit_task],
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+
+        # Check which one has been triggered
+        if exit_event.is_set():
+            future.cancel()
+            return ""
+
+        line = await future
+        return line.strip()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/agent.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/agent.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d867032fa53f721928ef182329d0aa694b83885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/agent.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Iterable, Optional, Union
+
+from huggingface_hub import ChatCompletionInputMessage, ChatCompletionStreamOutput, MCPClient
+
+from .._providers import PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T
+from .constants import DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT, EXIT_LOOP_TOOLS, MAX_NUM_TURNS
+from .types import ServerConfig
+
+
+class Agent(MCPClient):
+    """
+    Implementation of a Simple Agent, which is a simple while loop built right on top of an [`MCPClient`].
+
+    > [!WARNING]
+    > This class is experimental and might be subject to breaking changes in the future without prior notice.
+
+    Args:
+        model (`str`, *optional*):
+            The model to run inference with. Can be a model id hosted on the Hugging Face Hub, e.g. `meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct`
+            or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint or other local or remote endpoint.
+        servers (`Iterable[dict]`):
+            MCP servers to connect to. Each server is a dictionary containing a `type` key and a `config` key. The `type` key can be `"stdio"` or `"sse"`, and the `config` key is a dictionary of arguments for the server.
+        provider (`str`, *optional*):
+            Name of the provider to use for inference. Defaults to "auto" i.e. the first of the providers available for the model, sorted by the user's order in https://hf.co/settings/inference-providers.
+            If model is a URL or `base_url` is passed, then `provider` is not used.
+        base_url (`str`, *optional*):
+            The base URL to run inference. Defaults to None.
+        api_key (`str`, *optional*):
+            Token to use for authentication. Will default to the locally Hugging Face saved token if not provided. You can also use your own provider API key to interact directly with the provider's service.
+        prompt (`str`, *optional*):
+            The system prompt to use for the agent. Defaults to the default system prompt in `constants.py`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        model: Optional[str] = None,
+        servers: Iterable[ServerConfig],
+        provider: Optional[PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T] = None,
+        base_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        prompt: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(model=model, provider=provider, base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key)
+        self._servers_cfg = list(servers)
+        self.messages: list[Union[dict, ChatCompletionInputMessage]] = [
+            {"role": "system", "content": prompt or DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT}
+        ]
+
+    async def load_tools(self) -> None:
+        for cfg in self._servers_cfg:
+            await self.add_mcp_server(**cfg)
+
+    async def run(
+        self,
+        user_input: str,
+        *,
+        abort_event: Optional[asyncio.Event] = None,
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[Union[ChatCompletionStreamOutput, ChatCompletionInputMessage], None]:
+        """
+        Run the agent with the given user input.
+
+        Args:
+            user_input (`str`):
+                The user input to run the agent with.
+            abort_event (`asyncio.Event`, *optional*):
+                An event that can be used to abort the agent. If the event is set, the agent will stop running.
+        """
+        self.messages.append({"role": "user", "content": user_input})
+
+        num_turns: int = 0
+        next_turn_should_call_tools = True
+
+        while True:
+            if abort_event and abort_event.is_set():
+                return
+
+            async for item in self.process_single_turn_with_tools(
+                self.messages,
+                exit_loop_tools=EXIT_LOOP_TOOLS,
+                exit_if_first_chunk_no_tool=(num_turns > 0 and next_turn_should_call_tools),
+            ):
+                yield item
+
+            num_turns += 1
+            last = self.messages[-1]
+
+            if last.get("role") == "tool" and last.get("name") in {t.function.name for t in EXIT_LOOP_TOOLS}:
+                return
+
+            if last.get("role") != "tool" and num_turns > MAX_NUM_TURNS:
+                return
+
+            if last.get("role") != "tool" and next_turn_should_call_tools:
+                return
+
+            next_turn_should_call_tools = last.get("role") != "tool"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/cli.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bb6d1d3a3962af8675777797c5145f8c7e1570b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import asyncio
+import os
+import signal
+import traceback
+from typing import Optional
+
+import typer
+
+from ...utils import ANSI
+from ._cli_hacks import _async_prompt, _patch_anyio_open_process
+from .agent import Agent
+from .utils import _load_agent_config
+
+
+app = typer.Typer(
+    rich_markup_mode="rich",
+    help="A squad of lightweight composable AI applications built on Hugging Face's Inference Client and MCP stack.",
+)
+
+run_cli = typer.Typer(
+    name="run",
+    help="Run the Agent in the CLI",
+    invoke_without_command=True,
+)
+app.add_typer(run_cli, name="run")
+
+
+async def run_agent(
+    agent_path: Optional[str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Tiny Agent loop.
+
+    Args:
+        agent_path (`str`, *optional*):
+            Path to a local folder containing an `agent.json` and optionally a custom `PROMPT.md` or `AGENTS.md` file or a built-in agent stored in a Hugging Face dataset.
+
+    """
+    _patch_anyio_open_process()  # Hacky way to prevent stdio connections to be stopped by Ctrl+C
+
+    config, prompt = _load_agent_config(agent_path)
+
+    inputs = config.get("inputs", [])
+    servers = config.get("servers", [])
+
+    abort_event = asyncio.Event()
+    exit_event = asyncio.Event()
+    first_sigint = True
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    original_sigint_handler = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+
+    def _sigint_handler() -> None:
+        nonlocal first_sigint
+        if first_sigint:
+            first_sigint = False
+            abort_event.set()
+            print(ANSI.red("\nInterrupted. Press Ctrl+C again to quit."), flush=True)
+            return
+
+        print(ANSI.red("\nExiting..."), flush=True)
+        exit_event.set()
+
+    try:
+        sigint_registered_in_loop = False
+        try:
+            loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT, _sigint_handler)
+            sigint_registered_in_loop = True
+        except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
+            # Windows (or any loop that doesn't support it) : fall back to sync
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, lambda *_: _sigint_handler())
+
+        # Handle inputs (i.e. env variables injection)
+        resolved_inputs: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        if len(inputs) > 0:
+            print(
+                ANSI.bold(
+                    ANSI.blue(
+                        "Some initial inputs are required by the agent. "
+                        "Please provide a value or leave empty to load from env."
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            for input_item in inputs:
+                input_id = input_item["id"]
+                description = input_item["description"]
+                env_special_value = f"${{input:{input_id}}}"
+
+                # Check if the input is used by any server or as an apiKey
+                input_usages = set()
+                for server in servers:
+                    # Check stdio's "env" and http/sse's "headers" mappings
+                    env_or_headers = server.get("env", {}) if server["type"] == "stdio" else server.get("headers", {})
+                    for key, value in env_or_headers.items():
+                        if env_special_value in value:
+                            input_usages.add(key)
+
+                raw_api_key = config.get("apiKey")
+                if isinstance(raw_api_key, str) and env_special_value in raw_api_key:
+                    input_usages.add("apiKey")
+
+                if not input_usages:
+                    print(
+                        ANSI.yellow(
+                            f"Input '{input_id}' defined in config but not used by any server or as an API key."
+                            " Skipping."
+                        )
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                # Prompt user for input
+                env_variable_key = input_id.replace("-", "_").upper()
+                print(
+                    ANSI.blue(f" • {input_id}") + f": {description}. (default: load from {env_variable_key}).",
+                    end=" ",
+                )
+                user_input = (await _async_prompt(exit_event=exit_event)).strip()
+                if exit_event.is_set():
+                    return
+
+                # Fallback to environment variable when user left blank
+                final_value = user_input
+                if not final_value:
+                    final_value = os.getenv(env_variable_key, "")
+                    if final_value:
+                        print(ANSI.green(f"Value successfully loaded from '{env_variable_key}'"))
+                    else:
+                        print(
+                            ANSI.yellow(
+                                f"No value found for '{env_variable_key}' in environment variables. Continuing."
+                            )
+                        )
+                resolved_inputs[input_id] = final_value
+
+                # Inject resolved value (can be empty) into stdio's env or http/sse's headers
+                for server in servers:
+                    env_or_headers = server.get("env", {}) if server["type"] == "stdio" else server.get("headers", {})
+                    for key, value in env_or_headers.items():
+                        if env_special_value in value:
+                            env_or_headers[key] = env_or_headers[key].replace(env_special_value, final_value)
+
+            print()
+
+        raw_api_key = config.get("apiKey")
+        if isinstance(raw_api_key, str):
+            substituted_api_key = raw_api_key
+            for input_id, val in resolved_inputs.items():
+                substituted_api_key = substituted_api_key.replace(f"${{input:{input_id}}}", val)
+            config["apiKey"] = substituted_api_key
+        # Main agent loop
+        async with Agent(
+            provider=config.get("provider"),  # type: ignore
+            model=config.get("model"),
+            base_url=config.get("endpointUrl"),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            api_key=config.get("apiKey"),
+            servers=servers,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            prompt=prompt,
+        ) as agent:
+            await agent.load_tools()
+            print(ANSI.bold(ANSI.blue("Agent loaded with {} tools:".format(len(agent.available_tools)))))
+            for t in agent.available_tools:
+                print(ANSI.blue(f" • {t.function.name}"))
+
+            while True:
+                abort_event.clear()
+
+                # Check if we should exit
+                if exit_event.is_set():
+                    return
+
+                try:
+                    user_input = await _async_prompt(exit_event=exit_event)
+                    first_sigint = True
+                except EOFError:
+                    print(ANSI.red("\nEOF received, exiting."), flush=True)
+                    break
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    if not first_sigint and abort_event.is_set():
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        print(ANSI.red("\nKeyboard interrupt during input processing."), flush=True)
+                        break
+
+                try:
+                    async for chunk in agent.run(user_input, abort_event=abort_event):
+                        if abort_event.is_set() and not first_sigint:
+                            break
+                        if exit_event.is_set():
+                            return
+
+                        if hasattr(chunk, "choices"):
+                            delta = chunk.choices[0].delta
+                            if delta.content:
+                                print(delta.content, end="", flush=True)
+                            if delta.tool_calls:
+                                for call in delta.tool_calls:
+                                    if call.id:
+                                        print(f"<Tool {call.id}>", end="")
+                                    if call.function.name:
+                                        print(f"{call.function.name}", end=" ")
+                                    if call.function.arguments:
+                                        print(f"{call.function.arguments}", end="")
+                        else:
+                            print(
+                                ANSI.green(f"\n\nTool[{chunk.name}] {chunk.tool_call_id}\n{chunk.content}\n"),
+                                flush=True,
+                            )
+
+                    print()
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    tb_str = traceback.format_exc()
+                    print(ANSI.red(f"\nError during agent run: {e}\n{tb_str}"), flush=True)
+                    first_sigint = True  # Allow graceful interrupt for the next command
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        tb_str = traceback.format_exc()
+        print(ANSI.red(f"\nAn unexpected error occurred: {e}\n{tb_str}"), flush=True)
+        raise e
+
+    finally:
+        if sigint_registered_in_loop:
+            try:
+                loop.remove_signal_handler(signal.SIGINT)
+            except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+        else:
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_sigint_handler)
+
+
+@run_cli.callback()
+def run(
+    path: Optional[str] = typer.Argument(
+        None,
+        help=(
+            "Path to a local folder containing an agent.json file or a built-in agent "
+            "stored in the 'tiny-agents/tiny-agents' Hugging Face dataset "
+            "(https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiny-agents/tiny-agents)"
+        ),
+        show_default=False,
+    ),
+):
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(run_agent(path))
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print(ANSI.red("\nApplication terminated by KeyboardInterrupt."), flush=True)
+        raise typer.Exit(code=130)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(ANSI.red(f"\nAn unexpected error occurred: {e}"), flush=True)
+        raise e
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app()
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/constants.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1114a8360c02dfa6bbb4d1e0a20628f9428433b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from huggingface_hub import ChatCompletionInputTool
+
+
+FILENAME_CONFIG = "agent.json"
+PROMPT_FILENAMES = ("PROMPT.md", "AGENTS.md")
+
+DEFAULT_AGENT = {
+    "model": "Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct",
+    "provider": "nebius",
+    "servers": [
+        {
+            "type": "stdio",
+            "command": "npx",
+            "args": [
+                "-y",
+                "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
+                str(Path.home() / ("Desktop" if sys.platform == "darwin" else "")),
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "stdio",
+            "command": "npx",
+            "args": ["@playwright/mcp@latest"],
+        },
+    ],
+}
+
+
+DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """
+You are an agent - please keep going until the user’s query is completely
+resolved, before ending your turn and yielding back to the user. Only terminate
+your turn when you are sure that the problem is solved, or if you need more
+info from the user to solve the problem.
+If you are not sure about anything pertaining to the user’s request, use your
+tools to read files and gather the relevant information: do NOT guess or make
+up an answer.
+You MUST plan extensively before each function call, and reflect extensively
+on the outcomes of the previous function calls. DO NOT do this entire process
+by making function calls only, as this can impair your ability to solve the
+problem and think insightfully.
+""".strip()
+
+MAX_NUM_TURNS = 10
+
+TASK_COMPLETE_TOOL: ChatCompletionInputTool = ChatCompletionInputTool.parse_obj(  # type: ignore
+    {
+        "type": "function",
+        "function": {
+            "name": "task_complete",
+            "description": "Call this tool when the task given by the user is complete",
+            "parameters": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {},
+            },
+        },
+    }
+)
+
+ASK_QUESTION_TOOL: ChatCompletionInputTool = ChatCompletionInputTool.parse_obj(  # type: ignore
+    {
+        "type": "function",
+        "function": {
+            "name": "ask_question",
+            "description": "Ask the user for more info required to solve or clarify their problem.",
+            "parameters": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {},
+            },
+        },
+    }
+)
+
+EXIT_LOOP_TOOLS: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] = [TASK_COMPLETE_TOOL, ASK_QUESTION_TOOL]
+
+
+DEFAULT_REPO_ID = "tiny-agents/tiny-agents"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/mcp_client.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/mcp_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7331d13fa619f513c78ac8f1bd795a26f0695201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/mcp_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from datetime import timedelta
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, AsyncIterable, Literal, Optional, TypedDict, Union, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypeAlias, Unpack
+
+from ...utils._runtime import get_hf_hub_version
+from .._generated._async_client import AsyncInferenceClient
+from .._generated.types import (
+    ChatCompletionInputMessage,
+    ChatCompletionInputTool,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutput,
+    ChatCompletionStreamOutputDeltaToolCall,
+)
+from .._providers import PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T
+from .utils import format_result
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mcp import ClientSession
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Type alias for tool names
+ToolName: TypeAlias = str
+
+ServerType: TypeAlias = Literal["stdio", "sse", "http"]
+
+
+class StdioServerParameters_T(TypedDict):
+    command: str
+    args: NotRequired[list[str]]
+    env: NotRequired[dict[str, str]]
+    cwd: NotRequired[Union[str, Path, None]]
+
+
+class SSEServerParameters_T(TypedDict):
+    url: str
+    headers: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    timeout: NotRequired[float]
+    sse_read_timeout: NotRequired[float]
+
+
+class StreamableHTTPParameters_T(TypedDict):
+    url: str
+    headers: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    timeout: NotRequired[timedelta]
+    sse_read_timeout: NotRequired[timedelta]
+    terminate_on_close: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class MCPClient:
+    """
+    Client for connecting to one or more MCP servers and processing chat completions with tools.
+
+    > [!WARNING]
+    > This class is experimental and might be subject to breaking changes in the future without prior notice.
+
+    Args:
+        model (`str`, `optional`):
+            The model to run inference with. Can be a model id hosted on the Hugging Face Hub, e.g. `meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct`
+            or a URL to a deployed Inference Endpoint or other local or remote endpoint.
+        provider (`str`, *optional*):
+            Name of the provider to use for inference. Defaults to "auto" i.e. the first of the providers available for the model, sorted by the user's order in https://hf.co/settings/inference-providers.
+            If model is a URL or `base_url` is passed, then `provider` is not used.
+        base_url (`str`, *optional*):
+            The base URL to run inference. Defaults to None.
+        api_key (`str`, `optional`):
+            Token to use for authentication. Will default to the locally Hugging Face saved token if not provided. You can also use your own provider API key to interact directly with the provider's service.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        model: Optional[str] = None,
+        provider: Optional[PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T] = None,
+        base_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        # Initialize MCP sessions as a dictionary of ClientSession objects
+        self.sessions: dict[ToolName, "ClientSession"] = {}
+        self.exit_stack = AsyncExitStack()
+        self.available_tools: list[ChatCompletionInputTool] = []
+        # To be able to send the model in the payload if `base_url` is provided
+        if model is None and base_url is None:
+            raise ValueError("At least one of `model` or `base_url` should be set in `MCPClient`.")
+        self.payload_model = model
+        self.client = AsyncInferenceClient(
+            model=None if base_url is not None else model,
+            provider=provider,
+            api_key=api_key,
+            base_url=base_url,
+        )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        """Enter the context manager"""
+        await self.client.__aenter__()
+        await self.exit_stack.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        """Exit the context manager"""
+        await self.client.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+        await self.cleanup()
+
+    async def cleanup(self):
+        """Clean up resources"""
+        await self.client.close()
+        await self.exit_stack.aclose()
+
+    @overload
+    async def add_mcp_server(self, type: Literal["stdio"], **params: Unpack[StdioServerParameters_T]): ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def add_mcp_server(self, type: Literal["sse"], **params: Unpack[SSEServerParameters_T]): ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def add_mcp_server(self, type: Literal["http"], **params: Unpack[StreamableHTTPParameters_T]): ...
+
+    async def add_mcp_server(self, type: ServerType, **params: Any):
+        """Connect to an MCP server
+
+        Args:
+            type (`str`):
+                Type of the server to connect to. Can be one of:
+                - "stdio": Standard input/output server (local)
+                - "sse": Server-sent events (SSE) server
+                - "http": StreamableHTTP server
+            **params (`dict[str, Any]`):
+                Server parameters that can be either:
+                    - For stdio servers:
+                        - command (str): The command to run the MCP server
+                        - args (list[str], optional): Arguments for the command
+                        - env (dict[str, str], optional): Environment variables for the command
+                        - cwd (Union[str, Path, None], optional): Working directory for the command
+                        - allowed_tools (list[str], optional): List of tool names to allow from this server
+                    - For SSE servers:
+                        - url (str): The URL of the SSE server
+                        - headers (dict[str, Any], optional): Headers for the SSE connection
+                        - timeout (float, optional): Connection timeout
+                        - sse_read_timeout (float, optional): SSE read timeout
+                        - allowed_tools (list[str], optional): List of tool names to allow from this server
+                    - For StreamableHTTP servers:
+                        - url (str): The URL of the StreamableHTTP server
+                        - headers (dict[str, Any], optional): Headers for the StreamableHTTP connection
+                        - timeout (timedelta, optional): Connection timeout
+                        - sse_read_timeout (timedelta, optional): SSE read timeout
+                        - terminate_on_close (bool, optional): Whether to terminate on close
+                        - allowed_tools (list[str], optional): List of tool names to allow from this server
+        """
+        from mcp import ClientSession, StdioServerParameters
+        from mcp import types as mcp_types
+
+        # Extract allowed_tools configuration if provided
+        allowed_tools = params.pop("allowed_tools", None)
+
+        # Determine server type and create appropriate parameters
+        if type == "stdio":
+            # Handle stdio server
+            from mcp.client.stdio import stdio_client
+
+            logger.info(f"Connecting to stdio MCP server with command: {params['command']} {params.get('args', [])}")
+
+            client_kwargs = {"command": params["command"]}
+            for key in ["args", "env", "cwd"]:
+                if params.get(key) is not None:
+                    client_kwargs[key] = params[key]
+            server_params = StdioServerParameters(**client_kwargs)
+            read, write = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(stdio_client(server_params))
+        elif type == "sse":
+            # Handle SSE server
+            from mcp.client.sse import sse_client
+
+            logger.info(f"Connecting to SSE MCP server at: {params['url']}")
+
+            client_kwargs = {"url": params["url"]}
+            for key in ["headers", "timeout", "sse_read_timeout"]:
+                if params.get(key) is not None:
+                    client_kwargs[key] = params[key]
+            read, write = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(sse_client(**client_kwargs))
+        elif type == "http":
+            # Handle StreamableHTTP server
+            from mcp.client.streamable_http import streamablehttp_client
+
+            logger.info(f"Connecting to StreamableHTTP MCP server at: {params['url']}")
+
+            client_kwargs = {"url": params["url"]}
+            for key in ["headers", "timeout", "sse_read_timeout", "terminate_on_close"]:
+                if params.get(key) is not None:
+                    client_kwargs[key] = params[key]
+            read, write, _ = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(streamablehttp_client(**client_kwargs))
+            # ^ TODO: should be handle `get_session_id_callback`? (function to retrieve the current session ID)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported server type: {type}")
+
+        session = await self.exit_stack.enter_async_context(
+            ClientSession(
+                read_stream=read,
+                write_stream=write,
+                client_info=mcp_types.Implementation(
+                    name="huggingface_hub.MCPClient",
+                    version=get_hf_hub_version(),
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+        logger.debug("Initializing session...")
+        await session.initialize()
+
+        # List available tools
+        response = await session.list_tools()
+        logger.debug("Connected to server with tools:", [tool.name for tool in response.tools])
+
+        # Filter tools based on allowed_tools configuration
+        filtered_tools = response.tools
+
+        if allowed_tools is not None:
+            filtered_tools = [tool for tool in response.tools if tool.name in allowed_tools]
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Tool filtering applied. Using {len(filtered_tools)} of {len(response.tools)} available tools: {[tool.name for tool in filtered_tools]}"
+            )
+
+        for tool in filtered_tools:
+            if tool.name in self.sessions:
+                logger.warning(f"Tool '{tool.name}' already defined by another server. Skipping.")
+                continue
+
+            # Map tool names to their server for later lookup
+            self.sessions[tool.name] = session
+
+            # Add tool to the list of available tools (for use in chat completions)
+            self.available_tools.append(
+                ChatCompletionInputTool.parse_obj_as_instance(
+                    {
+                        "type": "function",
+                        "function": {
+                            "name": tool.name,
+                            "description": tool.description,
+                            "parameters": tool.inputSchema,
+                        },
+                    }
+                )
+            )
+
+    async def process_single_turn_with_tools(
+        self,
+        messages: list[Union[dict, ChatCompletionInputMessage]],
+        exit_loop_tools: Optional[list[ChatCompletionInputTool]] = None,
+        exit_if_first_chunk_no_tool: bool = False,
+    ) -> AsyncIterable[Union[ChatCompletionStreamOutput, ChatCompletionInputMessage]]:
+        """Process a query using `self.model` and available tools, yielding chunks and tool outputs.
+
+        Args:
+            messages (`list[dict]`):
+                List of message objects representing the conversation history
+            exit_loop_tools (`list[ChatCompletionInputTool]`, *optional*):
+                List of tools that should exit the generator when called
+            exit_if_first_chunk_no_tool (`bool`, *optional*):
+                Exit if no tool is present in the first chunks. Default to False.
+
+        Yields:
+            [`ChatCompletionStreamOutput`] chunks or [`ChatCompletionInputMessage`] objects
+        """
+        # Prepare tools list based on options
+        tools = self.available_tools
+        if exit_loop_tools is not None:
+            tools = [*exit_loop_tools, *self.available_tools]
+
+        # Create the streaming request
+        response = await self.client.chat.completions.create(
+            model=self.payload_model,
+            messages=messages,
+            tools=tools,
+            tool_choice="auto",
+            stream=True,
+        )
+
+        message: dict[str, Any] = {"role": "unknown", "content": ""}
+        final_tool_calls: dict[int, ChatCompletionStreamOutputDeltaToolCall] = {}
+        num_of_chunks = 0
+
+        # Read from stream
+        async for chunk in response:
+            num_of_chunks += 1
+            delta = chunk.choices[0].delta if chunk.choices and len(chunk.choices) > 0 else None
+            if not delta:
+                continue
+
+            # Process message
+            if delta.role:
+                message["role"] = delta.role
+            if delta.content:
+                message["content"] += delta.content
+
+            # Process tool calls
+            if delta.tool_calls:
+                for tool_call in delta.tool_calls:
+                    idx = tool_call.index
+                    # first chunk for this tool call
+                    if idx not in final_tool_calls:
+                        final_tool_calls[idx] = tool_call
+                        if final_tool_calls[idx].function.arguments is None:
+                            final_tool_calls[idx].function.arguments = ""
+                        continue
+                    # safety before concatenating text to .function.arguments
+                    if final_tool_calls[idx].function.arguments is None:
+                        final_tool_calls[idx].function.arguments = ""
+
+                    if tool_call.function.arguments:
+                        final_tool_calls[idx].function.arguments += tool_call.function.arguments
+
+            # Optionally exit early if no tools in first chunks
+            if exit_if_first_chunk_no_tool and num_of_chunks <= 2 and len(final_tool_calls) == 0:
+                return
+
+            # Yield each chunk to caller
+            yield chunk
+
+        # Add the assistant message with tool calls (if any) to messages
+        if message["content"] or final_tool_calls:
+            # if the role is unknown, set it to assistant
+            if message.get("role") == "unknown":
+                message["role"] = "assistant"
+            # Convert final_tool_calls to the format expected by OpenAI
+            if final_tool_calls:
+                tool_calls_list: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+                for tc in final_tool_calls.values():
+                    tool_calls_list.append(
+                        {
+                            "id": tc.id,
+                            "type": "function",
+                            "function": {
+                                "name": tc.function.name,
+                                "arguments": tc.function.arguments or "{}",
+                            },
+                        }
+                    )
+                message["tool_calls"] = tool_calls_list
+            messages.append(message)
+
+        # Process tool calls one by one
+        for tool_call in final_tool_calls.values():
+            function_name = tool_call.function.name
+            if function_name is None:
+                message = ChatCompletionInputMessage.parse_obj_as_instance(
+                    {
+                        "role": "tool",
+                        "tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
+                        "content": "Invalid tool call with no function name.",
+                    }
+                )
+                messages.append(message)
+                yield message
+                continue  # move to next tool call
+            try:
+                function_args = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments or "{}")
+            except json.JSONDecodeError as err:
+                tool_message = {
+                    "role": "tool",
+                    "tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
+                    "name": function_name,
+                    "content": f"Invalid JSON generated by the model: {err}",
+                }
+                tool_message_as_obj = ChatCompletionInputMessage.parse_obj_as_instance(tool_message)
+                messages.append(tool_message_as_obj)
+                yield tool_message_as_obj
+                continue  # move to next tool call
+
+            tool_message = {"role": "tool", "tool_call_id": tool_call.id, "content": "", "name": function_name}
+
+            # Check if this is an exit loop tool
+            if exit_loop_tools and function_name in [t.function.name for t in exit_loop_tools]:
+                tool_message_as_obj = ChatCompletionInputMessage.parse_obj_as_instance(tool_message)
+                messages.append(tool_message_as_obj)
+                yield tool_message_as_obj
+                return
+
+            # Execute tool call with the appropriate session
+            session = self.sessions.get(function_name)
+            if session is not None:
+                try:
+                    result = await session.call_tool(function_name, function_args)
+                    tool_message["content"] = format_result(result)
+                except Exception as err:
+                    tool_message["content"] = f"Error: MCP tool call failed with error message: {err}"
+            else:
+                tool_message["content"] = f"Error: No session found for tool: {function_name}"
+
+            # Yield tool message
+            tool_message_as_obj = ChatCompletionInputMessage.parse_obj_as_instance(tool_message)
+            messages.append(tool_message_as_obj)
+            yield tool_message_as_obj
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/types.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a531929a8e574e52075b59cec88e24d93cb1dbd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from typing import Literal, TypedDict, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+
+
+class InputConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+    id: str
+    description: str
+    type: str
+    password: bool
+
+
+class StdioServerConfig(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["stdio"]
+    command: str
+    args: list[str]
+    env: dict[str, str]
+    cwd: str
+    allowed_tools: NotRequired[list[str]]
+
+
+class HTTPServerConfig(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http"]
+    url: str
+    headers: dict[str, str]
+    allowed_tools: NotRequired[list[str]]
+
+
+class SSEServerConfig(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["sse"]
+    url: str
+    headers: dict[str, str]
+    allowed_tools: NotRequired[list[str]]
+
+
+ServerConfig = Union[StdioServerConfig, HTTPServerConfig, SSEServerConfig]
+
+
+# AgentConfig root object
+class AgentConfig(TypedDict):
+    model: str
+    provider: str
+    apiKey: NotRequired[str]
+    inputs: list[InputConfig]
+    servers: list[ServerConfig]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/utils.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5df9d5183df75f11ad902f514b9f2b6cf5041d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_mcp/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""
+Utility functions for MCPClient and Tiny Agents.
+
+Formatting utilities taken from the JS SDK: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/mcp-client/src/ResultFormatter.ts.
+"""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
+from huggingface_hub.errors import EntryNotFoundError
+
+from .constants import DEFAULT_AGENT, DEFAULT_REPO_ID, FILENAME_CONFIG, PROMPT_FILENAMES
+from .types import AgentConfig
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mcp import types as mcp_types
+
+
+def format_result(result: "mcp_types.CallToolResult") -> str:
+    """
+    Formats a mcp.types.CallToolResult content into a human-readable string.
+
+    Args:
+        result (CallToolResult)
+            Object returned by mcp.ClientSession.call_tool.
+
+    Returns:
+        str
+            A formatted string representing the content of the result.
+    """
+    content = result.content
+
+    if len(content) == 0:
+        return "[No content]"
+
+    formatted_parts: list[str] = []
+
+    for item in content:
+        match item.type:
+            case "text":
+                formatted_parts.append(item.text)
+
+            case "image":
+                formatted_parts.append(
+                    f"[Binary Content: Image {item.mimeType}, {_get_base64_size(item.data)} bytes]\n"
+                    f"The task is complete and the content accessible to the User"
+                )
+
+            case "audio":
+                formatted_parts.append(
+                    f"[Binary Content: Audio {item.mimeType}, {_get_base64_size(item.data)} bytes]\n"
+                    f"The task is complete and the content accessible to the User"
+                )
+
+            case "resource":
+                resource = item.resource
+
+                if hasattr(resource, "text") and isinstance(resource.text, str):
+                    formatted_parts.append(resource.text)
+
+                elif hasattr(resource, "blob") and isinstance(resource.blob, str):
+                    formatted_parts.append(
+                        f"[Binary Content ({resource.uri}): {resource.mimeType},"
+                        f" {_get_base64_size(resource.blob)} bytes]\n"
+                        f"The task is complete and the content accessible to the User"
+                    )
+
+    return "\n".join(formatted_parts)
+
+
+def _get_base64_size(base64_str: str) -> int:
+    """Estimate the byte size of a base64-encoded string."""
+    # Remove any prefix like "data:image/png;base64,"
+    if "," in base64_str:
+        base64_str = base64_str.split(",")[1]
+
+    padding = 0
+    if base64_str.endswith("=="):
+        padding = 2
+    elif base64_str.endswith("="):
+        padding = 1
+
+    return (len(base64_str) * 3) // 4 - padding
+
+
+def _load_agent_config(agent_path: Optional[str]) -> tuple[AgentConfig, Optional[str]]:
+    """Load server config and prompt."""
+
+    def _read_dir(directory: Path) -> tuple[AgentConfig, Optional[str]]:
+        cfg_file = directory / FILENAME_CONFIG
+        if not cfg_file.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f" Config file not found in {directory}! Please make sure it exists locally")
+
+        config: AgentConfig = json.loads(cfg_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        prompt: Optional[str] = None
+        for filename in PROMPT_FILENAMES:
+            prompt_file = directory / filename
+            if prompt_file.exists():
+                prompt = prompt_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+                break
+        return config, prompt
+
+    if agent_path is None:
+        return DEFAULT_AGENT, None  # type: ignore
+
+    path = Path(agent_path).expanduser()
+
+    if path.is_file():
+        return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")), None
+
+    if path.is_dir():
+        return _read_dir(path)
+
+    # fetch from the Hub
+    try:
+        repo_dir = Path(
+            snapshot_download(
+                repo_id=DEFAULT_REPO_ID,
+                allow_patterns=f"{agent_path}/*",
+                repo_type="dataset",
+            )
+        )
+        return _read_dir(repo_dir / agent_path)
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise EntryNotFoundError(
+            f" Agent {agent_path} not found in tiny-agents/tiny-agents! Please make sure it exists in https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiny-agents/tiny-agents."
+        ) from err
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/__init__.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d09943c80c7a4331fb76e65dc3875fa86cfccdef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+from typing import Literal, Union
+
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers.featherless_ai import (
+    FeatherlessConversationalTask,
+    FeatherlessTextGenerationTask,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.utils import logging
+
+from ._common import AutoRouterConversationalTask, TaskProviderHelper, _fetch_inference_provider_mapping
+from .black_forest_labs import BlackForestLabsTextToImageTask
+from .cerebras import CerebrasConversationalTask
+from .clarifai import ClarifaiConversationalTask
+from .cohere import CohereConversationalTask
+from .deepinfra import DeepInfraConversationalTask, DeepInfraTextGenerationTask
+from .fal_ai import (
+    FalAIAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask,
+    FalAIImageSegmentationTask,
+    FalAIImageToImageTask,
+    FalAIImageToVideoTask,
+    FalAITextToImageTask,
+    FalAITextToSpeechTask,
+    FalAITextToVideoTask,
+)
+from .fireworks_ai import FireworksAIConversationalTask
+from .groq import GroqConversationalTask
+from .hf_inference import (
+    HFInferenceBinaryInputTask,
+    HFInferenceConversational,
+    HFInferenceFeatureExtractionTask,
+    HFInferenceTask,
+)
+from .hyperbolic import HyperbolicTextGenerationTask, HyperbolicTextToImageTask
+from .nebius import (
+    NebiusConversationalTask,
+    NebiusFeatureExtractionTask,
+    NebiusTextGenerationTask,
+    NebiusTextToImageTask,
+)
+from .novita import NovitaConversationalTask, NovitaTextGenerationTask, NovitaTextToVideoTask
+from .nscale import NscaleConversationalTask, NscaleTextToImageTask
+from .nvidia import NvidiaConversationalTask
+from .openai import OpenAIConversationalTask
+from .ovhcloud import OVHcloudConversationalTask
+from .publicai import PublicAIConversationalTask
+from .replicate import (
+    ReplicateAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask,
+    ReplicateImageToImageTask,
+    ReplicateTask,
+    ReplicateTextToImageTask,
+    ReplicateTextToSpeechTask,
+)
+from .sambanova import SambanovaConversationalTask, SambanovaFeatureExtractionTask
+from .scaleway import ScalewayConversationalTask, ScalewayFeatureExtractionTask
+from .together import TogetherConversationalTask, TogetherTextGenerationTask, TogetherTextToImageTask
+from .wavespeed import (
+    WavespeedAIImageToImageTask,
+    WavespeedAIImageToVideoTask,
+    WavespeedAITextToImageTask,
+    WavespeedAITextToVideoTask,
+)
+from .zai_org import ZaiConversationalTask, ZaiTextToImageTask
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+PROVIDER_T = Literal[
+    "black-forest-labs",
+    "cerebras",
+    "clarifai",
+    "cohere",
+    "deepinfra",
+    "fal-ai",
+    "featherless-ai",
+    "fireworks-ai",
+    "groq",
+    "hf-inference",
+    "hyperbolic",
+    "nebius",
+    "novita",
+    "nscale",
+    "nvidia",
+    "openai",
+    "ovhcloud",
+    "publicai",
+    "replicate",
+    "sambanova",
+    "scaleway",
+    "together",
+    "wavespeed",
+    "zai-org",
+]
+
+PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T = Union[PROVIDER_T, Literal["auto"]]
+
+CONVERSATIONAL_AUTO_ROUTER = AutoRouterConversationalTask()
+
+PROVIDERS: dict[PROVIDER_T, dict[str, TaskProviderHelper]] = {
+    "black-forest-labs": {
+        "text-to-image": BlackForestLabsTextToImageTask(),
+    },
+    "cerebras": {
+        "conversational": CerebrasConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "clarifai": {
+        "conversational": ClarifaiConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "cohere": {
+        "conversational": CohereConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "deepinfra": {
+        "conversational": DeepInfraConversationalTask(),
+        "text-generation": DeepInfraTextGenerationTask(),
+    },
+    "fal-ai": {
+        "automatic-speech-recognition": FalAIAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask(),
+        "text-to-image": FalAITextToImageTask(),
+        "text-to-speech": FalAITextToSpeechTask(),
+        "text-to-video": FalAITextToVideoTask(),
+        "image-to-video": FalAIImageToVideoTask(),
+        "image-to-image": FalAIImageToImageTask(),
+        "image-segmentation": FalAIImageSegmentationTask(),
+    },
+    "featherless-ai": {
+        "conversational": FeatherlessConversationalTask(),
+        "text-generation": FeatherlessTextGenerationTask(),
+    },
+    "fireworks-ai": {
+        "conversational": FireworksAIConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "groq": {
+        "conversational": GroqConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "hf-inference": {
+        "text-to-image": HFInferenceTask("text-to-image"),
+        "conversational": HFInferenceConversational(),
+        "text-generation": HFInferenceTask("text-generation"),
+        "text-classification": HFInferenceTask("text-classification"),
+        "question-answering": HFInferenceTask("question-answering"),
+        "audio-classification": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("audio-classification"),
+        "automatic-speech-recognition": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("automatic-speech-recognition"),
+        "fill-mask": HFInferenceTask("fill-mask"),
+        "feature-extraction": HFInferenceFeatureExtractionTask(),
+        "image-classification": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("image-classification"),
+        "image-segmentation": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("image-segmentation"),
+        "document-question-answering": HFInferenceTask("document-question-answering"),
+        "image-to-text": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("image-to-text"),
+        "object-detection": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("object-detection"),
+        "audio-to-audio": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("audio-to-audio"),
+        "zero-shot-image-classification": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("zero-shot-image-classification"),
+        "zero-shot-classification": HFInferenceTask("zero-shot-classification"),
+        "image-to-image": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("image-to-image"),
+        "sentence-similarity": HFInferenceTask("sentence-similarity"),
+        "table-question-answering": HFInferenceTask("table-question-answering"),
+        "tabular-classification": HFInferenceTask("tabular-classification"),
+        "text-to-speech": HFInferenceTask("text-to-speech"),
+        "token-classification": HFInferenceTask("token-classification"),
+        "translation": HFInferenceTask("translation"),
+        "summarization": HFInferenceTask("summarization"),
+        "visual-question-answering": HFInferenceBinaryInputTask("visual-question-answering"),
+    },
+    "hyperbolic": {
+        "text-to-image": HyperbolicTextToImageTask(),
+        "conversational": HyperbolicTextGenerationTask("conversational"),
+        "text-generation": HyperbolicTextGenerationTask("text-generation"),
+    },
+    "nebius": {
+        "text-to-image": NebiusTextToImageTask(),
+        "conversational": NebiusConversationalTask(),
+        "text-generation": NebiusTextGenerationTask(),
+        "feature-extraction": NebiusFeatureExtractionTask(),
+    },
+    "novita": {
+        "text-generation": NovitaTextGenerationTask(),
+        "conversational": NovitaConversationalTask(),
+        "text-to-video": NovitaTextToVideoTask(),
+    },
+    "nscale": {
+        "conversational": NscaleConversationalTask(),
+        "text-to-image": NscaleTextToImageTask(),
+    },
+    "nvidia": {
+        "conversational": NvidiaConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "openai": {
+        "conversational": OpenAIConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "ovhcloud": {
+        "conversational": OVHcloudConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "publicai": {
+        "conversational": PublicAIConversationalTask(),
+    },
+    "replicate": {
+        "automatic-speech-recognition": ReplicateAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask(),
+        "image-to-image": ReplicateImageToImageTask(),
+        "text-to-image": ReplicateTextToImageTask(),
+        "text-to-speech": ReplicateTextToSpeechTask(),
+        "text-to-video": ReplicateTask("text-to-video"),
+    },
+    "sambanova": {
+        "conversational": SambanovaConversationalTask(),
+        "feature-extraction": SambanovaFeatureExtractionTask(),
+    },
+    "scaleway": {
+        "conversational": ScalewayConversationalTask(),
+        "feature-extraction": ScalewayFeatureExtractionTask(),
+    },
+    "together": {
+        "text-to-image": TogetherTextToImageTask(),
+        "conversational": TogetherConversationalTask(),
+        "text-generation": TogetherTextGenerationTask(),
+    },
+    "wavespeed": {
+        "text-to-image": WavespeedAITextToImageTask(),
+        "text-to-video": WavespeedAITextToVideoTask(),
+        "image-to-image": WavespeedAIImageToImageTask(),
+        "image-to-video": WavespeedAIImageToVideoTask(),
+    },
+    "zai-org": {
+        "conversational": ZaiConversationalTask(),
+        "text-to-image": ZaiTextToImageTask(),
+    },
+}
+
+
+def get_provider_helper(provider: PROVIDER_OR_POLICY_T | None, task: str, model: str | None) -> TaskProviderHelper:
+    """Get provider helper instance by name and task.
+
+    Args:
+        provider (`str`, *optional*): name of the provider, or "auto" to automatically select the provider for the model.
+        task (`str`): Name of the task
+        model (`str`, *optional*): Name of the model
+    Returns:
+        TaskProviderHelper: Helper instance for the specified provider and task
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If provider or task is not supported
+    """
+
+    if (model is None and provider in (None, "auto")) or (
+        model is not None and model.startswith(("http://", "https://"))
+    ):
+        provider = "hf-inference"
+
+    if provider is None:
+        logger.info(
+            "No provider specified for task `conversational`. Defaulting to server-side auto routing."
+            if task == "conversational"
+            else "Defaulting to 'auto' which will select the first provider available for the model, sorted by the user's order in https://hf.co/settings/inference-providers."
+        )
+        provider = "auto"
+
+    if provider == "auto":
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError("Specifying a model is required when provider is 'auto'")
+        if task == "conversational":
+            # Special case: we have a dedicated auto-router for conversational models. No need to fetch provider mapping.
+            return CONVERSATIONAL_AUTO_ROUTER
+
+        provider_mapping = _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model)
+        provider = next(iter(provider_mapping)).provider
+
+    provider_tasks = PROVIDERS.get(provider)  # type: ignore
+    if provider_tasks is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Provider '{provider}' not supported. Available values: 'auto' or any provider from {list(PROVIDERS.keys())}."
+            "Passing 'auto' (default value) will automatically select the first provider available for the model, sorted "
+            "by the user's order in https://hf.co/settings/inference-providers."
+        )
+
+    if task not in provider_tasks:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Task '{task}' not supported for provider '{provider}'. Available tasks: {list(provider_tasks.keys())}"
+        )
+    return provider_tasks[task]
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diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..184e5b644814adcab16a026ec703cffbbbde2495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Any, overload
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import MimeBytes, RequestParameters
+from huggingface_hub.inference._generated.types.chat_completion import ChatCompletionInputMessage
+from huggingface_hub.utils import build_hf_headers, get_token, logging
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+# Dev purposes only.
+# If you want to try to run inference for a new model locally before it's registered on huggingface.co
+# for a given Inference Provider, you can add it to the following dictionary.
+HARDCODED_MODEL_INFERENCE_MAPPING: dict[str, dict[str, InferenceProviderMapping]] = {
+    # "HF model ID" => InferenceProviderMapping object initialized with "Model ID on Inference Provider's side"
+    #
+    # Example:
+    # "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct": InferenceProviderMapping(hf_model_id="Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct",
+    #                                    provider_id="Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct",
+    #                                    task="conversational",
+    #                                    status="live")
+    "cerebras": {},
+    "cohere": {},
+    "clarifai": {},
+    "deepinfra": {},
+    "fal-ai": {},
+    "fireworks-ai": {},
+    "groq": {},
+    "hf-inference": {},
+    "hyperbolic": {},
+    "nebius": {},
+    "nscale": {},
+    "nvidia": {},
+    "ovhcloud": {},
+    "replicate": {},
+    "sambanova": {},
+    "scaleway": {},
+    "together": {},
+    "wavespeed": {},
+    "zai-org": {},
+}
+
+
+@overload
+def filter_none(obj: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def filter_none(obj: list[Any]) -> list[Any]: ...
+
+
+def filter_none(obj: dict[str, Any] | list[Any]) -> dict[str, Any] | list[Any]:
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        cleaned: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for k, v in obj.items():
+            if v is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(v, (dict, list)):
+                v = filter_none(v)
+            cleaned[k] = v
+        return cleaned
+
+    if isinstance(obj, list):
+        return [filter_none(v) if isinstance(v, (dict, list)) else v for v in obj]
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Expected dict or list, got {type(obj)}")
+
+
+class TaskProviderHelper:
+    """Base class for task-specific provider helpers."""
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: str, base_url: str, task: str) -> None:
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.task = task
+        self.base_url = base_url
+
+    def prepare_request(
+        self,
+        *,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict[str, Any],
+        headers: dict,
+        model: str | None,
+        api_key: str | None,
+        extra_payload: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> RequestParameters:
+        """
+        Prepare the request to be sent to the provider.
+
+        Each step (api_key, model, headers, url, payload) can be customized in subclasses.
+        """
+        # api_key from user, or local token, or raise error
+        api_key = self._prepare_api_key(api_key)
+
+        # mapped model from HF model ID
+        provider_mapping_info = self._prepare_mapping_info(model)
+
+        # default HF headers + user headers (to customize in subclasses)
+        headers = self._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+
+        # routed URL if HF token, or direct URL (to customize in '_prepare_route' in subclasses)
+        url = self._prepare_url(api_key, provider_mapping_info.provider_id)
+
+        # prepare payload (to customize in subclasses)
+        payload = self._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info=provider_mapping_info)
+        if payload is not None:
+            payload = recursive_merge(payload, filter_none(extra_payload or {}))
+
+        # body data (to customize in subclasses)
+        data = self._prepare_payload_as_bytes(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info, extra_payload)
+
+        # check if both payload and data are set and return
+        if payload is not None and data is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Both payload and data cannot be set in the same request.")
+        if payload is None and data is None:
+            raise ValueError("Either payload or data must be set in the request.")
+
+        # normalize headers to lowercase and add content-type if not present
+        normalized_headers = self._normalize_headers(headers, payload, data)
+
+        return RequestParameters(
+            url=url,
+            task=self.task,
+            model=provider_mapping_info.provider_id,
+            json=payload,
+            data=data,
+            headers=normalized_headers,
+        )
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Return the response in the expected format.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized response handling."""
+        return response
+
+    def _prepare_api_key(self, api_key: str | None) -> str:
+        """Return the API key to use for the request.
+
+        Usually not overwritten in subclasses."""
+        if api_key is None:
+            api_key = get_token()
+        if api_key is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"You must provide an api_key to work with {self.provider} API or log in with `hf auth login`."
+            )
+        return api_key
+
+    def _prepare_mapping_info(self, model: str | None) -> InferenceProviderMapping:
+        """Return the mapped model ID to use for the request.
+
+        Usually not overwritten in subclasses."""
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Please provide an HF model ID supported by {self.provider}.")
+
+        # hardcoded mapping for local testing
+        if HARDCODED_MODEL_INFERENCE_MAPPING.get(self.provider, {}).get(model):
+            return HARDCODED_MODEL_INFERENCE_MAPPING[self.provider][model]
+
+        provider_mapping = None
+        for mapping in _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model):
+            if mapping.provider == self.provider:
+                provider_mapping = mapping
+                break
+
+        if provider_mapping is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Model {model} is not supported by provider {self.provider}.")
+
+        if provider_mapping.task != self.task:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Model {model} is not supported for task {self.task} and provider {self.provider}. "
+                f"Supported task: {provider_mapping.task}."
+            )
+
+        if provider_mapping.status == "staging":
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Model {model} is in staging mode for provider {self.provider}. Meant for test purposes only."
+            )
+        if provider_mapping.status == "error":
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Our latest automated health check on model '{model}' for provider '{self.provider}' did not complete successfully.  "
+                "Inference call might fail."
+            )
+        return provider_mapping
+
+    def _normalize_headers(
+        self, headers: dict[str, Any], payload: dict[str, Any] | None, data: MimeBytes | None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Normalize the headers to use for the request.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized headers.
+        """
+        normalized_headers = {key.lower(): value for key, value in headers.items() if value is not None}
+        if normalized_headers.get("content-type") is None:
+            if data is not None and data.mime_type is not None:
+                normalized_headers["content-type"] = data.mime_type
+            elif payload is not None:
+                normalized_headers["content-type"] = "application/json"
+        return normalized_headers
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return the headers to use for the request.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized headers.
+        """
+        return {**build_hf_headers(token=api_key), **headers}
+
+    def _prepare_url(self, api_key: str, mapped_model: str) -> str:
+        """Return the URL to use for the request.
+
+        Usually not overwritten in subclasses."""
+        base_url = self._prepare_base_url(api_key)
+        route = self._prepare_route(mapped_model, api_key)
+        return f"{base_url.rstrip('/')}/{route.lstrip('/')}"
+
+    def _prepare_base_url(self, api_key: str) -> str:
+        """Return the base URL to use for the request.
+
+        Usually not overwritten in subclasses."""
+        # Route to the proxy if the api_key is a HF TOKEN
+        if api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            logger.info(f"Calling '{self.provider}' provider through Hugging Face router.")
+            return constants.INFERENCE_PROXY_TEMPLATE.format(provider=self.provider)
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"Calling '{self.provider}' provider directly.")
+            return self.base_url
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        """Return the route to use for the request.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized routes.
+        """
+        return ""
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        """Return the payload to use for the request, as a dict.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized payloads.
+        Only one of `_prepare_payload_as_dict` and `_prepare_payload_as_bytes` should return a value.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_bytes(
+        self,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+        extra_payload: dict | None,
+    ) -> MimeBytes | None:
+        """Return the body to use for the request, as bytes.
+
+        Override this method in subclasses for customized body data.
+        Only one of `_prepare_payload_as_dict` and `_prepare_payload_as_bytes` should return a value.
+        """
+        return None
+
+
+class BaseConversationalTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    """
+    Base class for conversational (chat completion) tasks.
+    The schema follows the OpenAI API format defined here: https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: str, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(provider=provider, base_url=base_url, task="conversational")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/chat/completions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self,
+        inputs: list[dict | ChatCompletionInputMessage],
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return filter_none({"messages": inputs, **parameters, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id})
+
+
+class AutoRouterConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    """
+    Auto-router for conversational tasks.
+
+    We let the Hugging Face router select the best provider for the model, based on availability and user preferences.
+    This is a special case since the selection is done server-side (avoid 1 API call to fetch provider mapping).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="auto", base_url="https://router.huggingface.co")
+
+    def _prepare_base_url(self, api_key: str) -> str:
+        """Return the base URL to use for the request.
+
+        Usually not overwritten in subclasses."""
+        # Route to the proxy if the api_key is a HF TOKEN
+        if not api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            raise ValueError("Cannot select auto-router when using non-Hugging Face API key.")
+        else:
+            return self.base_url  # No `/auto` suffix in the URL
+
+    def _prepare_mapping_info(self, model: str | None) -> InferenceProviderMapping:
+        """
+        In auto-router, we don't need to fetch provider mapping info.
+        We just return a dummy mapping info with provider_id set to the HF model ID.
+        """
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError("Please provide an HF model ID.")
+
+        return InferenceProviderMapping(
+            provider="auto",
+            hf_model_id=model,
+            providerId=model,
+            status="live",
+            task="conversational",
+        )
+
+
+class BaseTextGenerationTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    """
+    Base class for text-generation (completion) tasks.
+    The schema follows the OpenAI API format defined here: https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/completions
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: str, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(provider=provider, base_url=base_url, task="text-generation")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/completions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return filter_none({"prompt": inputs, **parameters, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id})
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model: str) -> list["InferenceProviderMapping"]:
+    """
+    Fetch provider mappings for a model from the Hub.
+    """
+    from huggingface_hub.hf_api import HfApi
+
+    info = HfApi().model_info(model, expand=["inferenceProviderMapping"])
+    provider_mapping = info.inference_provider_mapping
+    if provider_mapping is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"No provider mapping found for model {model}")
+    return provider_mapping
+
+
+def recursive_merge(dict1: dict, dict2: dict) -> dict:
+    return {
+        **dict1,
+        **{
+            key: recursive_merge(dict1[key], value)
+            if (key in dict1 and isinstance(dict1[key], dict) and isinstance(value, dict))
+            else value
+            for key, value in dict2.items()
+        },
+    }
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/black_forest_labs.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/black_forest_labs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..074b7c42a3719211a6461aa161e6c7281bfed101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/black_forest_labs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import logging
+from huggingface_hub.utils._http import get_session
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+MAX_POLLING_ATTEMPTS = 6
+POLLING_INTERVAL = 1.0
+
+
+class BlackForestLabsTextToImageTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="black-forest-labs", base_url="https://api.us1.bfl.ai", task="text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        if not api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            _ = headers.pop("authorization")
+            headers["X-Key"] = api_key
+        return headers
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return f"/v1/{mapped_model}"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        if "num_inference_steps" in parameters:
+            parameters["steps"] = parameters.pop("num_inference_steps")
+        if "guidance_scale" in parameters:
+            parameters["guidance"] = parameters.pop("guidance_scale")
+
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **parameters}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        """
+        Polling mechanism for Black Forest Labs since the API is asynchronous.
+        """
+        url = _as_dict(response).get("polling_url")
+        session = get_session()
+        for _ in range(MAX_POLLING_ATTEMPTS):
+            time.sleep(POLLING_INTERVAL)
+
+            response = session.get(url, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})  # type: ignore
+            response.raise_for_status()  # type: ignore
+            response_json: dict = response.json()  # type: ignore
+            status = response_json.get("status")
+            logger.info(
+                f"Polling generation result from {url}. Current status: {status}. "
+                f"Will retry after {POLLING_INTERVAL} seconds if not ready."
+            )
+
+            if (
+                status == "Ready"
+                and isinstance(response_json.get("result"), dict)
+                and (sample_url := response_json["result"].get("sample"))
+            ):
+                image_resp = session.get(sample_url)
+                image_resp.raise_for_status()
+                return image_resp.content
+
+        raise TimeoutError(f"Failed to get the image URL after {MAX_POLLING_ATTEMPTS} attempts.")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cerebras.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cerebras.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9b9c3aacb3e134a8e755297c15ece198ffe633d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cerebras.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class CerebrasConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="cerebras", base_url="https://api.cerebras.ai")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/clarifai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/clarifai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f118b7fc9a8dafb01305758791191ccef045a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/clarifai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "clarifai"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.clarifai.com"
+
+
+class ClarifaiConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v2/ext/openai/v1/chat/completions"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cohere.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cohere.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57ddfc8246bcd2f3d63c74f78ded130dcca53992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/cohere.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "cohere"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.cohere.com"
+
+
+class CohereConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/compatibility/v1/chat/completions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)
+        response_format = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format, dict) and response_format.get("type") == "json_schema":
+            json_schema_details = response_format.get("json_schema")
+            if isinstance(json_schema_details, dict) and "schema" in json_schema_details:
+                payload["response_format"] = {  # type: ignore
+                    "type": "json_object",
+                    "schema": json_schema_details["schema"],
+                }
+
+        return payload
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/deepinfra.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/deepinfra.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..571536f63a0dd9e03f8d1bf628f319cbca1b9638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/deepinfra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask, BaseTextGenerationTask, filter_none
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "deepinfra"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.deepinfra.com"
+
+
+class DeepInfraTextGenerationTask(BaseTextGenerationTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/openai/completions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        params = filter_none(parameters.copy())
+        params["max_tokens"] = params.pop("max_new_tokens", None)
+
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **params, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        output = _as_dict(response)["choices"][0]
+        return {
+            "generated_text": output["text"],
+            "details": {
+                "finish_reason": output.get("finish_reason"),
+                "seed": output.get("seed"),
+            },
+        }
+
+
+class DeepInfraConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/openai/chat/completions"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fal_ai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fal_ai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41b761d5cebeb319918648c62ac3d82481a621d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fal_ai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+import base64
+import time
+from abc import ABC
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict, _as_url
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import get_session, hf_raise_for_status
+from huggingface_hub.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+# Arbitrary polling interval
+_POLLING_INTERVAL = 0.5
+
+
+class FalAITask(TaskProviderHelper, ABC):
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider="fal-ai", base_url="https://fal.run", task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        if not api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            headers["authorization"] = f"Key {api_key}"
+        return headers
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return f"/{mapped_model}"
+
+
+class FalAIQueueTask(TaskProviderHelper, ABC):
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider="fal-ai", base_url="https://queue.fal.run", task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        if not api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            headers["authorization"] = f"Key {api_key}"
+        return headers
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        if api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            # Use the queue subdomain for HF routing
+            return f"/{mapped_model}?_subdomain=queue"
+        return f"/{mapped_model}"
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+
+        request_id = response_dict.get("request_id")
+        if not request_id:
+            raise ValueError("No request ID found in the response")
+        if request_params is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"A `RequestParameters` object should be provided to get {self.task} responses with Fal AI."
+            )
+
+        # extract the base url and query params
+        parsed_url = urlparse(request_params.url)
+        # a bit hacky way to concatenate the provider name without parsing `parsed_url.path`
+        base_url = f"{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}{'/fal-ai' if parsed_url.netloc == 'router.huggingface.co' else ''}"
+        query_param = f"?{parsed_url.query}" if parsed_url.query else ""
+
+        # extracting the provider model id for status and result urls
+        # from the response as it might be different from the mapped model in `request_params.url`
+        model_id = urlparse(response_dict.get("response_url")).path
+        status_url = f"{base_url}{str(model_id)}/status{query_param}"
+        result_url = f"{base_url}{str(model_id)}{query_param}"
+
+        status = response_dict.get("status")
+        logger.info("Generating the output.. this can take several minutes.")
+        while status != "COMPLETED":
+            time.sleep(_POLLING_INTERVAL)
+            status_response = get_session().get(status_url, headers=request_params.headers)
+            hf_raise_for_status(status_response)
+            status = status_response.json().get("status")
+
+        return get_session().get(result_url, headers=request_params.headers).json()
+
+
+class FalAIAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask(FalAITask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("automatic-speech-recognition")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        if isinstance(inputs, str) and inputs.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            # If input is a URL, pass it directly
+            audio_url = inputs
+        else:
+            # If input is a file path, read it first
+            if isinstance(inputs, str):
+                with open(inputs, "rb") as f:
+                    inputs = f.read()
+
+            audio_b64 = base64.b64encode(inputs).decode()
+            content_type = "audio/mpeg"
+            audio_url = f"data:{content_type};base64,{audio_b64}"
+
+        return {"audio_url": audio_url, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        text = _as_dict(response)["text"]
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected output format from FalAI API. Expected string, got {type(text)}.")
+        return {"text": text}
+
+
+class FalAITextToImageTask(FalAITask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "prompt": inputs,
+            **filter_none(parameters),
+        }
+        if "width" in payload and "height" in payload:
+            payload["image_size"] = {
+                "width": payload.pop("width"),
+                "height": payload.pop("height"),
+            }
+        if provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path is not None:
+            lora_path = constants.HUGGINGFACE_CO_URL_TEMPLATE.format(
+                repo_id=provider_mapping_info.hf_model_id,
+                revision="main",
+                filename=provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path,
+            )
+            payload["loras"] = [{"path": lora_path, "scale": 1}]
+            if provider_mapping_info.provider_id == "fal-ai/lora":
+                # little hack: fal requires the base model for stable-diffusion-based loras but not for flux-based
+                # See payloads in https://fal.ai/models/fal-ai/lora/api vs https://fal.ai/models/fal-ai/flux-lora/api
+                payload["model_name"] = "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0"
+
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        url = _as_dict(response)["images"][0]["url"]
+        return get_session().get(url).content
+
+
+class FalAITextToSpeechTask(FalAITask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-speech")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return {"text": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        url = _as_dict(response)["audio"]["url"]
+        return get_session().get(url).content
+
+
+class FalAITextToVideoTask(FalAIQueueTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-video")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        output = super().get_response(response, request_params)
+        url = _as_dict(output)["video"]["url"]
+        return get_session().get(url).content
+
+
+class FalAIImageToImageTask(FalAIQueueTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("image-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        image_url = _as_url(inputs, default_mime_type="image/jpeg")
+        if "target_size" in parameters:
+            parameters["image_size"] = parameters.pop("target_size")
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "image_url": image_url,
+            "image_urls": [image_url],
+            **filter_none(parameters),
+        }
+        if provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path is not None:
+            lora_path = constants.HUGGINGFACE_CO_URL_TEMPLATE.format(
+                repo_id=provider_mapping_info.hf_model_id,
+                revision="main",
+                filename=provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path,
+            )
+            payload["loras"] = [{"path": lora_path, "scale": 1}]
+
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        output = super().get_response(response, request_params)
+        url = _as_dict(output)["images"][0]["url"]
+        return get_session().get(url).content
+
+
+class FalAIImageToVideoTask(FalAIQueueTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("image-to-video")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        image_url = _as_url(inputs, default_mime_type="image/jpeg")
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "image_url": image_url,
+            **filter_none(parameters),
+        }
+        if provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path is not None:
+            lora_path = constants.HUGGINGFACE_CO_URL_TEMPLATE.format(
+                repo_id=provider_mapping_info.hf_model_id,
+                revision="main",
+                filename=provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path,
+            )
+            payload["loras"] = [{"path": lora_path, "scale": 1}]
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        output = super().get_response(response, request_params)
+        url = _as_dict(output)["video"]["url"]
+        return get_session().get(url).content
+
+
+class FalAIImageSegmentationTask(FalAIQueueTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("image-segmentation")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        image_url = _as_url(inputs, default_mime_type="image/png")
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "image_url": image_url,
+            **filter_none(parameters),
+            "sync_mode": True,
+        }
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        result = super().get_response(response, request_params)
+        result_dict = _as_dict(result)
+
+        if "image" not in result_dict:
+            raise ValueError(f"Response from fal ai image-segmentation API does not contain an image: {result_dict}")
+
+        image_data = result_dict["image"]
+        if "url" not in image_data:
+            raise ValueError(f"Image data from fal ai image-segmentation API does not contain a URL: {image_data}")
+
+        image_url = image_data["url"]
+
+        if isinstance(image_url, str) and image_url.startswith("data:"):
+            if "," in image_url:
+                mask_base64 = image_url.split(",", 1)[1]
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid data URL format: {image_url}")
+        else:
+            # or it's a regular URL, fetch it
+            mask_response = get_session().get(image_url)
+            hf_raise_for_status(mask_response)
+            mask_base64 = base64.b64encode(mask_response.content).decode()
+
+        return [
+            {
+                "label": "mask",
+                "mask": mask_base64,
+            }
+        ]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/featherless_ai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/featherless_ai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a90b332a5050340fb4e472040e05beb24e747b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/featherless_ai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask, BaseTextGenerationTask, filter_none
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "featherless-ai"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.featherless.ai"
+
+
+class FeatherlessTextGenerationTask(BaseTextGenerationTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        params = filter_none(parameters.copy())
+        params["max_tokens"] = params.pop("max_new_tokens", None)
+
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **params, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        output = _as_dict(response)["choices"][0]
+        return {
+            "generated_text": output["text"],
+            "details": {
+                "finish_reason": output.get("finish_reason"),
+                "seed": output.get("seed"),
+            },
+        }
+
+
+class FeatherlessConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fireworks_ai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fireworks_ai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ae57662cf888c258c9b310156c8b986b8643923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/fireworks_ai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class FireworksAIConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="fireworks-ai", base_url="https://api.fireworks.ai")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/inference/v1/chat/completions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)
+        response_format = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format, dict) and response_format.get("type") == "json_schema":
+            json_schema_details = response_format.get("json_schema")
+            if isinstance(json_schema_details, dict) and "schema" in json_schema_details:
+                payload["response_format"] = {  # type: ignore
+                    "type": "json_object",
+                    "schema": json_schema_details["schema"],
+                }
+        return payload
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/groq.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/groq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11e677504e89bc02b966e7d37d9e11f1b94b297f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/groq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class GroqConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="groq", base_url="https://api.groq.com")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/openai/v1/chat/completions"
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hf_inference.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hf_inference.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dce871ca1d643be49ed32caf788eb04571fb9e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hf_inference.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+import json
+from functools import lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import (
+    MimeBytes,
+    RequestParameters,
+    _b64_encode,
+    _bytes_to_dict,
+    _open_as_mime_bytes,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import build_hf_headers, get_session, get_token, hf_raise_for_status
+
+
+class HFInferenceTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    """Base class for HF Inference API tasks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(
+            provider="hf-inference",
+            base_url=constants.INFERENCE_PROXY_TEMPLATE.format(provider="hf-inference"),
+            task=task,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_api_key(self, api_key: str | None) -> str:
+        # special case: for HF Inference we allow not providing an API key
+        return api_key or get_token()  # type: ignore
+
+    def _prepare_mapping_info(self, model: str | None) -> InferenceProviderMapping:
+        if model is not None and model.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            return InferenceProviderMapping(
+                provider="hf-inference", providerId=model, hf_model_id=model, task=self.task, status="live"
+            )
+        model_id = model if model is not None else _fetch_recommended_models().get(self.task)
+        if model_id is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Task {self.task} has no recommended model for HF Inference. Please specify a model"
+                " explicitly. Visit https://huggingface.co/tasks for more info."
+            )
+        _check_supported_task(model_id, self.task)
+        return InferenceProviderMapping(
+            provider="hf-inference", providerId=model_id, hf_model_id=model_id, task=self.task, status="live"
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_url(self, api_key: str, mapped_model: str) -> str:
+        # hf-inference provider can handle URLs (e.g. Inference Endpoints or TGI deployment)
+        if mapped_model.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            return mapped_model
+        return (
+            # Feature-extraction and sentence-similarity are the only cases where we handle models with several tasks.
+            f"{self.base_url}/models/{mapped_model}/pipeline/{self.task}"
+            if self.task in ("feature-extraction", "sentence-similarity")
+            # Otherwise, we use the default endpoint
+            else f"{self.base_url}/models/{mapped_model}"
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        if isinstance(inputs, bytes):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected binary input for task {self.task}.")
+        if isinstance(inputs, Path):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected path input for task {self.task} (got {inputs})")
+        return filter_none({"inputs": inputs, "parameters": parameters})
+
+
+class HFInferenceBinaryInputTask(HFInferenceTask):
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return None
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_bytes(
+        self,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+        extra_payload: dict | None,
+    ) -> MimeBytes | None:
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        extra_payload = extra_payload or {}
+        has_parameters = len(parameters) > 0 or len(extra_payload) > 0
+
+        # Raise if not a binary object or a local path or a URL.
+        if not isinstance(inputs, (bytes, Path)) and not isinstance(inputs, str):
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected binary inputs or a local path or a URL. Got {inputs}")
+
+        # Send inputs as raw content when no parameters are provided
+        if not has_parameters:
+            return _open_as_mime_bytes(inputs)
+
+        # Otherwise encode as b64
+        return MimeBytes(
+            json.dumps({"inputs": _b64_encode(inputs), "parameters": parameters, **extra_payload}).encode("utf-8"),
+            mime_type="application/json",
+        )
+
+
+class HFInferenceConversational(HFInferenceTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("conversational")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload = filter_none(parameters)
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        payload_model = parameters.get("model") or mapped_model
+
+        if payload_model is None or payload_model.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            payload_model = "dummy"
+
+        response_format = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format, dict) and response_format.get("type") == "json_schema":
+            payload["response_format"] = {
+                "type": "json_object",
+                "value": response_format["json_schema"]["schema"],
+            }
+        return {**payload, "model": payload_model, "messages": inputs}
+
+    def _prepare_url(self, api_key: str, mapped_model: str) -> str:
+        base_url = (
+            mapped_model
+            if mapped_model.startswith(("http://", "https://"))
+            else f"{constants.INFERENCE_PROXY_TEMPLATE.format(provider='hf-inference')}/models/{mapped_model}"
+        )
+        return _build_chat_completion_url(base_url)
+
+
+def _build_chat_completion_url(model_url: str) -> str:
+    parsed = urlparse(model_url)
+    path = parsed.path.rstrip("/")
+
+    # If the path already ends with /chat/completions, we're done!
+    if path.endswith("/chat/completions"):
+        return model_url
+
+    # Append /chat/completions if not already present
+    if path.endswith("/v1"):
+        new_path = path + "/chat/completions"
+    # If path was empty or just "/", set the full path
+    elif not path:
+        new_path = "/v1/chat/completions"
+    # Append /v1/chat/completions if not already present
+    else:
+        new_path = path + "/v1/chat/completions"
+
+    # Reconstruct the URL with the new path and original query parameters.
+    new_parsed = parsed._replace(path=new_path)
+    return str(urlunparse(new_parsed))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _fetch_recommended_models() -> dict[str, str | None]:
+    response = get_session().get(f"{constants.ENDPOINT}/api/tasks", headers=build_hf_headers())
+    hf_raise_for_status(response)
+    return {task: next(iter(details["widgetModels"]), None) for task, details in response.json().items()}
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _check_supported_task(model: str, task: str) -> None:
+    from huggingface_hub.hf_api import HfApi
+
+    model_info = HfApi().model_info(model)
+    pipeline_tag = model_info.pipeline_tag
+    tags = model_info.tags or []
+    is_conversational = "conversational" in tags
+    if task in ("text-generation", "conversational"):
+        if pipeline_tag == "text-generation":
+            # text-generation + conversational tag -> both tasks allowed
+            if is_conversational:
+                return
+            # text-generation without conversational tag -> only text-generation allowed
+            if task == "text-generation":
+                return
+            raise ValueError(f"Model '{model}' doesn't support task '{task}'.")
+
+    if pipeline_tag == "text2text-generation":
+        if task == "text-generation":
+            return
+        raise ValueError(f"Model '{model}' doesn't support task '{task}'.")
+
+    if pipeline_tag == "image-text-to-text":
+        if is_conversational and task == "conversational":
+            return  # Only conversational allowed if tagged as conversational
+        raise ValueError("Non-conversational image-text-to-text task is not supported.")
+
+    if (
+        task in ("feature-extraction", "sentence-similarity")
+        and pipeline_tag in ("feature-extraction", "sentence-similarity")
+        and task in tags
+    ):
+        # feature-extraction and sentence-similarity are interchangeable for HF Inference
+        return
+
+    # For all other tasks, just check pipeline tag
+    if pipeline_tag != task:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Model '{model}' doesn't support task '{task}'. Supported tasks: '{pipeline_tag}', got: '{task}'"
+        )
+    return
+
+
+class HFInferenceFeatureExtractionTask(HFInferenceTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("feature-extraction")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        if isinstance(inputs, bytes):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected binary input for task {self.task}.")
+        if isinstance(inputs, Path):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected path input for task {self.task} (got {inputs})")
+
+        # Parameters are sent at root-level for feature-extraction task
+        # See specs: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks/feature-extraction/spec/input.json
+        return {"inputs": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(response, bytes):
+            return _bytes_to_dict(response)
+        return response
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hyperbolic.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hyperbolic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..636b968247c8f9f46fdf2a97dd7ab3ca5da4fa9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/hyperbolic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import base64
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask, TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+
+
+class HyperbolicTextToImageTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="hyperbolic", base_url="https://api.hyperbolic.xyz", task="text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/images/generations"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        if "num_inference_steps" in parameters:
+            parameters["steps"] = parameters.pop("num_inference_steps")
+        if "guidance_scale" in parameters:
+            parameters["cfg_scale"] = parameters.pop("guidance_scale")
+        # For Hyperbolic, the width and height are required parameters
+        if "width" not in parameters:
+            parameters["width"] = 512
+        if "height" not in parameters:
+            parameters["height"] = 512
+        return {"prompt": inputs, "model_name": mapped_model, **parameters}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        return base64.b64decode(response_dict["images"][0]["image"])
+
+
+class HyperbolicTextGenerationTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    """
+    Special case for Hyperbolic, where text-generation task is handled as a conversational task.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(
+            provider="hyperbolic",
+            base_url="https://api.hyperbolic.xyz",
+        )
+        self.task = task
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nebius.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nebius.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3db5b0c10cfbda57ef15613c1828ee08c454f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nebius.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import base64
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import (
+    BaseConversationalTask,
+    BaseTextGenerationTask,
+    TaskProviderHelper,
+    filter_none,
+)
+
+
+class NebiusTextGenerationTask(BaseTextGenerationTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="nebius", base_url="https://api.studio.nebius.ai")
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        output = _as_dict(response)["choices"][0]
+        return {
+            "generated_text": output["text"],
+            "details": {
+                "finish_reason": output.get("finish_reason"),
+                "seed": output.get("seed"),
+            },
+        }
+
+
+class NebiusConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="nebius", base_url="https://api.studio.nebius.ai")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)
+        response_format = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format, dict) and response_format.get("type") == "json_schema":
+            json_schema_details = response_format.get("json_schema")
+            if isinstance(json_schema_details, dict) and "schema" in json_schema_details:
+                payload["guided_json"] = json_schema_details["schema"]  # type: ignore
+        return payload
+
+
+class NebiusTextToImageTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(task="text-to-image", provider="nebius", base_url="https://api.studio.nebius.ai")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/images/generations"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        if "guidance_scale" in parameters:
+            parameters.pop("guidance_scale")
+        if parameters.get("response_format") not in ("b64_json", "url"):
+            parameters["response_format"] = "b64_json"
+
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **parameters, "model": mapped_model}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        return base64.b64decode(response_dict["data"][0]["b64_json"])
+
+
+class NebiusFeatureExtractionTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(task="feature-extraction", provider="nebius", base_url="https://api.studio.nebius.ai")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/embeddings"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return {"input": inputs, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        embeddings = _as_dict(response)["data"]
+        return [embedding["embedding"] for embedding in embeddings]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/novita.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/novita.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af29e72032a7eb82f1ec20bc3df529612ab8730c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/novita.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import (
+    BaseConversationalTask,
+    BaseTextGenerationTask,
+    TaskProviderHelper,
+    filter_none,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.utils import get_session
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "novita"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.novita.ai"
+
+
+class NovitaTextGenerationTask(BaseTextGenerationTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        # there is no v1/ route for novita
+        return "/v3/openai/completions"
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        output = _as_dict(response)["choices"][0]
+        return {
+            "generated_text": output["text"],
+            "details": {
+                "finish_reason": output.get("finish_reason"),
+                "seed": output.get("seed"),
+            },
+        }
+
+
+class NovitaConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        # there is no v1/ route for novita
+        return "/v3/openai/chat/completions"
+
+
+class NovitaTextToVideoTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL, task="text-to-video")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return f"/v3/hf/{mapped_model}"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        if not (
+            isinstance(response_dict, dict)
+            and "video" in response_dict
+            and isinstance(response_dict["video"], dict)
+            and "video_url" in response_dict["video"]
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("Expected response format: { 'video': { 'video_url': string } }")
+
+        video_url = response_dict["video"]["video_url"]
+        return get_session().get(video_url).content
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nscale.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nscale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a5a4c38e9f0f8ede459d36c584813cf5ef7dbac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nscale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import base64
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask, TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+
+
+class NscaleConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="nscale", base_url="https://inference.api.nscale.com")
+
+
+class NscaleTextToImageTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="nscale", base_url="https://inference.api.nscale.com", task="text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/images/generations"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        # Combine all parameters except inputs and parameters
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        if "width" in parameters and "height" in parameters:
+            parameters["size"] = f"{parameters.pop('width')}x{parameters.pop('height')}"
+        if "num_inference_steps" in parameters:
+            parameters.pop("num_inference_steps")
+        if "cfg_scale" in parameters:
+            parameters.pop("cfg_scale")
+        payload = {
+            "response_format": "b64_json",
+            "prompt": inputs,
+            "model": mapped_model,
+            **parameters,
+        }
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        return base64.b64decode(response_dict["data"][0]["b64_json"])
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nvidia.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nvidia.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56f398b8532f411a3627b100ae648967c99bc929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/nvidia.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class NvidiaConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="nvidia", base_url="https://integrate.api.nvidia.com")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/openai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/openai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f0f56002a6493c852836a1e5539900204fc0bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/openai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class OpenAIConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="openai", base_url="https://api.openai.com")
+
+    def _prepare_api_key(self, api_key: str | None) -> str:
+        if api_key is None:
+            raise ValueError("You must provide an api_key to work with OpenAI API.")
+        if api_key.startswith("hf_"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "OpenAI provider is not available through Hugging Face routing, please use your own OpenAI API key."
+            )
+        return api_key
+
+    def _prepare_mapping_info(self, model: str | None) -> InferenceProviderMapping:
+        if model is None:
+            raise ValueError("Please provide an OpenAI model ID, e.g. `gpt-4o` or `o1`.")
+        return InferenceProviderMapping(
+            provider="openai", providerId=model, task="conversational", status="live", hf_model_id=model
+        )
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/ovhcloud.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/ovhcloud.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79be8d55089975b1ad9a0282d503cd2fc012127c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/ovhcloud.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "ovhcloud"
+_BASE_URL = "https://oai.endpoints.kepler.ai.cloud.ovh.net"
+
+
+class OVHcloudConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/publicai.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/publicai.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c88528e4f1e2eefaf6be9315c490db19ff5ca1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/publicai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask
+
+
+class PublicAIConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="publicai", base_url="https://api.publicai.co")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/replicate.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/replicate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1aff75ec56460791b35b3acde7208d8c4a03bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/replicate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict, _as_url
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import get_session
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "replicate"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.replicate.com"
+
+
+class ReplicateTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL, task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        headers["Prefer"] = "wait"
+        return headers
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        if ":" in mapped_model:
+            return "/v1/predictions"
+        return f"/v1/models/{mapped_model}/predictions"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {"input": {"prompt": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}}
+        if ":" in mapped_model:
+            version = mapped_model.split(":", 1)[1]
+            payload["version"] = version
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        if response_dict.get("output") is None:
+            raise TimeoutError(
+                f"Inference request timed out after 60 seconds. No output generated for model {response_dict.get('model')}"
+                "The model might be in cold state or starting up. Please try again later."
+            )
+        output_url = (
+            response_dict["output"] if isinstance(response_dict["output"], str) else response_dict["output"][0]
+        )
+        return get_session().get(output_url).content
+
+
+class ReplicateTextToImageTask(ReplicateTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload: dict = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)  # type: ignore
+        if provider_mapping_info.adapter_weights_path is not None:
+            payload["input"]["lora_weights"] = f"https://huggingface.co/{provider_mapping_info.hf_model_id}"
+        return payload
+
+
+class ReplicateTextToSpeechTask(ReplicateTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-speech")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload: dict = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)  # type: ignore
+        payload["input"]["text"] = payload["input"].pop("prompt")  # rename "prompt" to "text" for TTS
+        return payload
+
+
+class ReplicateAutomaticSpeechRecognitionTask(ReplicateTask):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__("automatic-speech-recognition")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        audio_url = _as_url(inputs, default_mime_type="audio/wav")
+
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "input": {
+                **{"audio": audio_url},
+                **filter_none(parameters),
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ":" in mapped_model:
+            payload["version"] = mapped_model.split(":", 1)[1]
+
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        output = response_dict.get("output")
+
+        if isinstance(output, str):
+            return {"text": output}
+
+        if isinstance(output, list) and output:
+            first_item = output[0]
+            if isinstance(first_item, str):
+                return {"text": first_item}
+            if isinstance(first_item, dict):
+                output = first_item
+
+        text: str | None = None
+        if isinstance(output, dict):
+            transcription = output.get("transcription")
+            if isinstance(transcription, str):
+                text = transcription
+
+            translation = output.get("translation")
+            if isinstance(translation, str):
+                text = translation
+
+            txt_file = output.get("txt_file")
+            if isinstance(txt_file, str):
+                text_response = get_session().get(txt_file)
+                text_response.raise_for_status()
+                text = text_response.text
+
+        if text is not None:
+            return {"text": text}
+
+        raise ValueError("Received malformed response from Replicate automatic-speech-recognition API")
+
+
+class ReplicateImageToImageTask(ReplicateTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("image-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        image_url = _as_url(inputs, default_mime_type="image/jpeg")
+
+        # Different Replicate models expect the image in different keys
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "input": {
+                "image": image_url,
+                "images": [image_url],
+                "input_image": image_url,
+                "input_images": [image_url],
+                **filter_none(parameters),
+            }
+        }
+
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        if ":" in mapped_model:
+            version = mapped_model.split(":", 1)[1]
+            payload["version"] = version
+        return payload
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/sambanova.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/sambanova.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fa62f76ff5b8e8b759ca104683a32e31f263b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/sambanova.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask, TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+
+
+class SambanovaConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="sambanova", base_url="https://api.sambanova.ai")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        response_format_config = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format_config, dict):
+            if response_format_config.get("type") == "json_schema":
+                json_schema_config = response_format_config.get("json_schema", {})
+                strict = json_schema_config.get("strict")
+                if isinstance(json_schema_config, dict) and (strict is True or strict is None):
+                    json_schema_config["strict"] = False
+
+        payload = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)
+        return payload
+
+
+class SambanovaFeatureExtractionTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="sambanova", base_url="https://api.sambanova.ai", task="feature-extraction")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/embeddings"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        return {"input": inputs, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id, **parameters}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        embeddings = _as_dict(response)["data"]
+        return [embedding["embedding"] for embedding in embeddings]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/scaleway.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/scaleway.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a64462075a091f4a9d9a664e09be229e0fb7bdf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/scaleway.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+
+from ._common import BaseConversationalTask, InferenceProviderMapping, TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+
+
+class ScalewayConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="scaleway", base_url="https://api.scaleway.ai")
+
+
+class ScalewayFeatureExtractionTask(TaskProviderHelper):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider="scaleway", base_url="https://api.scaleway.ai", task="feature-extraction")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/v1/embeddings"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        return {"input": inputs, "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id, **parameters}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        embeddings = _as_dict(response)["data"]
+        return [embedding["embedding"] for embedding in embeddings]
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/together.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/together.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da8e7ccc09c1ba66f16224a0c68617e60fa4062a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/together.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import base64
+from abc import ABC
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import (
+    BaseConversationalTask,
+    BaseTextGenerationTask,
+    TaskProviderHelper,
+    filter_none,
+)
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "together"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.together.xyz"
+
+
+class TogetherTask(TaskProviderHelper, ABC):
+    """Base class for Together API tasks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL, task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        if self.task == "text-to-image":
+            return "/v1/images/generations"
+        elif self.task == "conversational":
+            return "/v1/chat/completions"
+        elif self.task == "text-generation":
+            return "/v1/completions"
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported task '{self.task}' for Together API.")
+
+
+class TogetherTextGenerationTask(BaseTextGenerationTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        output = _as_dict(response)["choices"][0]
+        return {
+            "generated_text": output["text"],
+            "details": {
+                "finish_reason": output.get("finish_reason"),
+                "seed": output.get("seed"),
+            },
+        }
+
+
+class TogetherConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        payload = super()._prepare_payload_as_dict(inputs, parameters, provider_mapping_info)
+        response_format = parameters.get("response_format")
+        if isinstance(response_format, dict) and response_format.get("type") == "json_schema":
+            json_schema_details = response_format.get("json_schema")
+            if isinstance(json_schema_details, dict) and "schema" in json_schema_details:
+                payload["response_format"] = {  # type: ignore
+                    "type": "json_object",
+                    "schema": json_schema_details["schema"],
+                }
+
+        return payload
+
+
+class TogetherTextToImageTask(TogetherTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        mapped_model = provider_mapping_info.provider_id
+        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        if "num_inference_steps" in parameters:
+            parameters["steps"] = parameters.pop("num_inference_steps")
+        if "guidance_scale" in parameters:
+            parameters["guidance"] = parameters.pop("guidance_scale")
+
+        return {"prompt": inputs, "response_format": "base64", **parameters, "model": mapped_model}
+
+    def get_response(self, response: bytes | dict, request_params: RequestParameters | None = None) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        return base64.b64decode(response_dict["data"][0]["b64_json"])
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/wavespeed.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/wavespeed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa38eb9da2d47c491e746af6495f669147fe181e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/wavespeed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import base64
+import time
+from abc import ABC
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import get_session, hf_raise_for_status
+from huggingface_hub.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+# Polling interval (in seconds)
+_POLLING_INTERVAL = 0.5
+
+
+class WavespeedAITask(TaskProviderHelper, ABC):
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider="wavespeed", base_url="https://api.wavespeed.ai", task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return f"/api/v3/{mapped_model}"
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+        data = response_dict.get("data", {})
+        result_path = data.get("urls", {}).get("get")
+
+        if not result_path:
+            raise ValueError("No result URL found in the response")
+        if request_params is None:
+            raise ValueError("A `RequestParameters` object should be provided to get responses with WaveSpeed AI.")
+
+        # Parse the request URL to determine base URL
+        parsed_url = urlparse(request_params.url)
+        # Add /wavespeed to base URL if going through HF router
+        if parsed_url.netloc == "router.huggingface.co":
+            base_url = f"{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}/wavespeed"
+        else:
+            base_url = f"{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}"
+
+        # Extract path from result_path URL
+        if isinstance(result_path, str):
+            result_url_path = urlparse(result_path).path
+        else:
+            result_url_path = result_path
+
+        result_url = f"{base_url}{result_url_path}"
+
+        logger.info("Processing request, polling for results...")
+
+        # Poll until task is completed
+        while True:
+            time.sleep(_POLLING_INTERVAL)
+            result_response = get_session().get(result_url, headers=request_params.headers)
+            hf_raise_for_status(result_response)
+
+            result = result_response.json()
+            task_result = result.get("data", {})
+            status = task_result.get("status")
+
+            if status == "completed":
+                # Get content from the first output URL
+                if not task_result.get("outputs") or len(task_result["outputs"]) == 0:
+                    raise ValueError("No output URL in completed response")
+
+                output_url = task_result["outputs"][0]
+                return get_session().get(output_url).content
+            elif status == "failed":
+                error_msg = task_result.get("error", "Task failed with no specific error message")
+                raise ValueError(f"WaveSpeed AI task failed: {error_msg}")
+            elif status in ["processing", "created"]:
+                continue
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown status: {status}")
+
+
+class WavespeedAITextToImageTask(WavespeedAITask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        return {"prompt": inputs, **filter_none(parameters)}
+
+
+class WavespeedAITextToVideoTask(WavespeedAITextToImageTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        WavespeedAITask.__init__(self, "text-to-video")
+
+
+class WavespeedAIImageToImageTask(WavespeedAITask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("image-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self,
+        inputs: Any,
+        parameters: dict,
+        provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping,
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        # Convert inputs to image (URL or base64)
+        if isinstance(inputs, str) and inputs.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+            image = inputs
+        elif isinstance(inputs, str):
+            # If input is a file path, read it first
+            with open(inputs, "rb") as f:
+                file_content = f.read()
+            image_b64 = base64.b64encode(file_content).decode("utf-8")
+            image = f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_b64}"
+        else:
+            # If input is binary data
+            image_b64 = base64.b64encode(inputs).decode("utf-8")
+            image = f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{image_b64}"
+
+        # Extract prompt from parameters if present
+        prompt = parameters.pop("prompt", None)
+        payload = {"image": image, **filter_none(parameters)}
+        if prompt is not None:
+            payload["prompt"] = prompt
+
+        return payload
+
+
+class WavespeedAIImageToVideoTask(WavespeedAIImageToImageTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        WavespeedAITask.__init__(self, "image-to-video")
diff --git a/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/zai_org.py b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/zai_org.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97225435084ab61860ef838747b5e0e7517f7bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/Lib/site-packages/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/zai_org.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import time
+from abc import ABC
+from typing import Any
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters, _as_dict
+from huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common import BaseConversationalTask, TaskProviderHelper, filter_none
+from huggingface_hub.utils import get_session
+
+
+_PROVIDER = "zai-org"
+_BASE_URL = "https://api.z.ai"
+_POLLING_INTERVAL = 5  # seconds
+_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS = 60
+
+
+class ZaiTask(TaskProviderHelper, ABC):
+    def __init__(self, task: str):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL, task=task)
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        headers["Accept-Language"] = "en-US,en"
+        headers["x-source-channel"] = "hugging_face"
+        return headers
+
+
+class ZaiConversationalTask(BaseConversationalTask):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(provider=_PROVIDER, base_url=_BASE_URL)
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self, headers: dict, api_key: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        headers = super()._prepare_headers(headers, api_key)
+        headers["Accept-Language"] = "en-US,en"
+        headers["x-source-channel"] = "hugging_face"
+        return headers
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/api/paas/v4/chat/completions"
+
+
+class ZaiTextToImageTask(ZaiTask):
+    """Text-to-image task for ZAI provider using async API."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("text-to-image")
+
+    def _prepare_route(self, mapped_model: str, api_key: str) -> str:
+        return "/api/paas/v4/async/images/generations"
+
+    def _prepare_payload_as_dict(
+        self, inputs: Any, parameters: dict, provider_mapping_info: InferenceProviderMapping
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        width = parameters.pop("width", None)
+        height = parameters.pop("height", None)
+        size = None
+        if width is not None and height is not None:
+            size = f"{width}x{height}"
+
+        payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "model": provider_mapping_info.provider_id,
+            "prompt": inputs,
+        }
+        if size is not None:
+            payload["size"] = size
+
+        payload.update(filter_none(parameters))
+        return payload
+
+    def get_response(
+        self,
+        response: bytes | dict,
+        request_params: RequestParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Handle async response by polling for results."""
+        response_dict = _as_dict(response)
+
+        task_id = response_dict.get("id")
+        if task_id is None:
+            raise ValueError("No task_id in response from ZAI API")
+
+        task_status = response_dict.get("task_status")
+        if task_status == "FAIL":
+            raise ValueError(f"ZAI image generation failed for request {task_id}")
+
+        if task_status == "PROCESSING" and request_params is not None:
+            return self._poll_for_result(task_id, request_params)
+
+        return self._extract_image(response_dict)
+
+    def _poll_for_result(self, task_id: str, request_params: RequestParameters) -> bytes:
+        """Poll the async-result endpoint until completion."""
+        session = get_session()
+        base_url = request_params.url.rsplit("/api/paas/v4/async/images/generations", 1)[0]
+        poll_url = f"{base_url}/api/paas/v4/async-result/{task_id}"
+
+        for _ in range(_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS):
+            poll_response = session.get(poll_url, headers=request_params.headers)
+            poll_response.raise_for_status()
+            result = poll_response.json()
+
+            task_status = result.get("task_status")
+            if task_status == "SUCCESS":
+                return self._extract_image(result)
+            elif task_status == "FAIL":
+                raise ValueError(f"Zai text-to-image generation failed for request {task_id}")
+
+            time.sleep(_POLLING_INTERVAL)
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Timed out while waiting for the result from Zai API - aborting after {_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS} attempts"
+        )
+
+    def _extract_image(self, result: dict) -> bytes:
+        """Extract and download the image from the result."""
+        image_result = result.get("image_result")
+        if not image_result or not isinstance(image_result, list) or len(image_result) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("No image_result in response from ZAI API")
+
+        image_url = image_result[0].get("url")
+        if not image_url:
+            raise ValueError("No image URL in response from ZAI API")
+
+        session = get_session()
+        image_response = session.get(image_url)
+        image_response.raise_for_status()
+        return image_response.content
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