This work was supported by grants from the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1435222), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31801112), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61873276).


This work was supported by a WIN-POWR grant to A.K.B. (WND-POWR 03.02.00-00-I021/16) from the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR), Poland; by an OPUS grant to A.K.B. and K.Y. (UMO-2016/23/B/NA1/01847) from the National Science Centre of Poland (NCN); by a TEAM grant to M.M. and K.Y. (TEAM/2017-4/41) from the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), as well as the institutional core support by Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University.


The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) under the Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-2014-0398 and CEX2018-000867-S, and the María de Maeztu Program MDM-2016-0692; the Generalitat Valenciana of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and under projects UID/FIS/04559/2020 to fund the activities of LIBPhys-UC; the Pazy Foundation (Israel) under grants 877040 and 877041; the US Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory), DE-AC02-07CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223 / DE-SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. JM-A acknowledges support from Fundación Bancaria la Caixa (ID 100010434), grant code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690012, and from the Plan GenT program of the Generalitat Valenciana, grant code CIDEGENT/2019/049. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.


KAKENHI Grant number 20K20423 and JST COI Grant Number JPMJCE1311


This work was funded by an NIH BRAIN Initiative RF1 (RF1MH128842, brain data and sciMET-cap development) and a Silver Family Foundation Innovator Award (PBMC datasets) to A.C.A.


This work was supported by the NSF NEEDS program and by AIM Photonics under Project MCE-EPDA004.


This work was supported by NINDS (R01NS116051) and NIA (R21AG086934). David Linsenbardt was supported by AA022268 and P50-AA022534. Jonathan Brigman was supported by AA025652 and P50-AA022534. Jason Weick was additionally supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF1632881) and National Institute of Health (P20GM109089; R21NS093442).


Acknowledgements For useful feedback on previous versions, we thank the editor and reviewers. This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71390333), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2013BAD19B05). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions of the reviewers, which have improved the presentation. | Funding: This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71390333), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2013BAD19B05).


This work was financially supported (in part) by the Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center at National Chung Hsing University from "The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project" by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan. The work reported here was supported by a grant (AS-104-TP-B01), the Thematic Research Program, from Academia Sinica of Taiwan, and by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 107-2313-B-415-007) and (MOST 108-2313-B-415-013-MY3) of Taiwan.


This research has been funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant SFB 958/Project A04, SFB 1114/Project C03, European Research Commission (CoG 772230 "ScaleCell"), the Berlin Institute for Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD), through DFG project number 278001972 – TRR 186 and BMBF grant CLS9 COMPXRAY. Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells were a kind gift from Benedikt Kaufer lab. The acquisition of x-ray tomograms was performed at the U41-PGM1-XM beamline at BESSY II synchrotron facility unless otherwise indicated. The data collected for supplemental figure S3 was acquired at the MISTRAL beamline at ALBA synchrotron in collaboration with the beamline staff1. The data presented in supplemental figure S4 is based on the raw data of EMPIAR-10416 and EMPIAR-10417, which were kindly provided to us by the staff of B24 beamline at Diamond Light Source.

SFB 958/Project A04
SFB 1114/Project C03
278001972 – TRR 186


We would like to thank the organizers of the workshop for the wonderful workshop. I am grateful to H. Aoki, S. Iso, H. Kawai, Y. Kitazawa and T. Tada for collaborations and K. Okuyama for discussions. This work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.


Acknowledgements. The author expresses gratitude to Erik Bates, Chris Janjigian, Firas RassoulAgha, and Evan Sorensen for their insightful discussions regarding their works on the Busemann process. The author also extends sincere thanks to Timo Seppäläinen for the valuable suggestions provided for this paper. Furthermore, the author acknowledges partial support from the Wylie Research Fund at the University of Utah.


The first author is partly supported by the New Faculties' Basic Research Capability Enhancement Program through No. 2-9-2022-010 at China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The first author appreciates the assistance of Yi Ren at Qualcomm (Shanghai) for his support in sensor connectivity and Zhuoqun Gao for her meticulous care. The authors appreciate the constructive comments from Prof. Daniel Straub at the Technical University of Munich. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.


This study was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 81872714), the Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment (Grant No. 201805D111006) and the General Program for Young Scholar of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 201801D221423).


Funding: This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research Global [grant number N62909-17-1-2139] awarded to Martin V Sale. The funding body had no involvement in the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the article for publication.


This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, under its Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program, and was a consignment study from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT).


I would like to thank Suvrajit Maji and Hstau Liao for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM29169 and GM55440 (to J.F.).


This work was supported by Société Académique Vaudoise to L.K., and SNF (grant 310030B_176399) to N.G., (grants 31003A_179159 and PCEGP3_187007) to M.B.


Acknowledgements. The author was partially supported by NSF grant number DMS-1811900. The author wishes to thank John Baldwin for many helpful discussions and comments on a draft of this paper.


*Tiandong Wang and S. Resnick were supported by Army MURI grant W911NF-12-1-0385 to Cornell University.


The work of D. W. K. Ng was supported under Australian Research Councils Discovery Early Career Researcher Award funding scheme (DE170100137). The work of R. Schober was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Professorship Program. The work of V.W.S. Wong was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This work was presented in part at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom) 2016, Washington, DC, USA, Dec. 2016 [1].


Most of this work was carried out during the authors’
visits to each other’s home institution whom we thank for the great support
and warm hospitality. Particular thanks go to Bert van Geemen and Klaus
Hulek. We are grateful to the referee for many helpful comments.


The authors would like to thank all participants of the CoMix survey. The CoMix study in the Netherlands was made possible through funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme - project EpiPose (Grant agreement number 101003688). This work reflects only the authors’ view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. We are grateful to the EpiPose management team for coordinating the CoMix survey so data collection was made possible in the Netherlands.


This research is supported by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number FA9550-17-1-0259. This research was conducted when D. Bauso was visiting NYUAD.


This work is financially supported by the "Direction Générale de l'Armement" (DGA), The French Government Defense


The authors would like to acknowledge A. R. Vazsonyi, J. M. Wang, S. S. Jain, S. Mirjalili, L. Jofre Cruanyes, K. P. Griffin, and the multi-phase group at the 17th Stanford University Center for Turbulence Research Summer Program for helpful discussions and feedback. This work utilised the Blanca condo computing resource of the University of Colorado Boulder, as well as the Summit supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards ACI-1532235 and ACI-1532236), the University of Colorado Boulder, and Colorado State University, and the Alpine high performance computing resource, which is jointly funded by the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Anschutz, Colorado State University, and the National Science Foundation (award 2201538).


This research was primarily supported by NASA Living With a Star project #NNA13AB92I, "Data Assimilation for the Integrated Global-Sun Model". Additional support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research project R-3562-14-0, "Incorporation of Solar Far-Side Active Region Data within the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) Model". The photospheric observations used in Figures 5, 6, and 7 were provided by SOLIS-VSM.


This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grant to G.C.D.


Part of this work is based on work from the author's PhD. The author gratefully acknowledges Martin Liebeck for many helpful conversations during their PhD and for patiently reviewing preliminary versions of this work. The author would also like to acknowledge Alexander Kleshchev for several significant conversations which guided this work. This work was supported both by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/L015234/1] through the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Geometry and Number Theory (London School of Geometry and Number Theory) and by Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research via the University of Manchester.


Thiede acknowledges the assistance provided by the Population Research Institute at Penn State University, which is supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute on Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD041025). Thiede was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multistate Research Project #PEN04623 (Accession #1013257). GIS support was provided by Philip McDaniel of UNC Libraries.


The authors gratefully acknowledge partial support from the following sources: SB,TK, AW, DEN, WJM, and TAL: NIH-NIAID, U19-AI089680;


R.A. acknowledges support by the Dutch Research Council (NWO Rubicon 019.202EN.028). The authors thank SURF (www.surf.nl) for the support in using the National Supercomputer Snellius. R.M-A. and R.A-O. thank ANID-Chile for support under FONDECYT N. 1200200. G.P, L.B.A and P.C.T.S would like to thank the support of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the funding from research collaboration agreements with PharmCADD. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of IDRIS and TGCC under the allocations 2022-A0120713456 and | 2023-A0140713456 made by GENCI. We also acknowledge the support of the Centre Blaise Pascal's IT test platform at ENS de Lyon (Lyon, France) for the computer facilities. The platform operates the SIDUS solution developed by Emmanuel Quemener65. S.J.M. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council with the Advanced grant "COMP-O-CELL" (101053661).


Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82360601 and 82160487 to Z.Y.), Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of the Lanzhou University Second Hospital (CY2022-MS-A05 to Z.Y.).


This study was supported by research funding from the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project (Z151100002115049). The funding source provided financial support without any influence on the study design and interpretation of data.


We would like to acknowledge funding from Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, the Knut and Allice Wallenberg Foundation, NIH awards K01 MH104739 and R21 MH103550, and Simons Foundation Award #383661.


This work was supported by Academy of Finland grant 299358 and the Technology Industries of Finland Centennial Foundation. The experiments utilized the Triton cloud computing infrastructure of Aalto University. Part of the research was conducted while the first author was a visiting researcher at University of British Columbia, Canada.


We would like to thank the NSF Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology for a CAREER grant (2045844) and NIH/NIGMS for a New Innovator Award (DP2-GM140926) both to S.D.F. E.M.S. thanks the Program in Molecular Biophysics training grant (NIH-T32GM135131). Funds from the NSF CAREER grant and the Dreyfus Foundation partly supported undergraduates involved in the project (J.B., G.L., S.L.). We thank Alexey Nesvizhskii for critical manuscript reading and helpful feedback.


We thank Saket Bhargava (Dow Inc.) for the technical discussion. We also acknowledge support for this work was provided by DOW Chemical Company.


This research is funded by Tejas Networks, Bangalore, India | This research project is funded by Tejas Networks, Bangalore, India.


JF acknowledges support from NSF CHE-1738979 and the Sloan Kettering Institute. MW acknowledges sup-port from a FWF Erwin Schrödinger Postdoctoral Fellowship J 4245-N28. JDC acknowledges support from NIH grant P30 CA008748, NIH grant R01 GM121505, NIH grant R01 GM132386, and the Sloan Kettering Institute. | JDC is a current member of the Scientific Advisory Board of OpenEye Scientific Software, Redesign Science, and Interline. The Chodera laboratory receives or has received funding from multiple sources, including the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Relay Therapeutics, Entasis Therapeutics, Silicon Therapeutics, EMD Serono (Merck KGaA), AstraZeneca, Vir Biotechnology, Bayer, XtalPi, Foresite Laboratories, the Molecular Sciences Software Institute, the Starr Cancer Consortium, the Open Force Field Consortium, Cycle for Survival, a Louis V. Gerstner Young Investigator Award, and the Sloan Kettering Institute. A complete funding history for the Chodera lab can be found at http://choderalab.org/funding


We thank Mike Filius for his generous help with the DNA constructs and overall scientific advice. C.J. is supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Vici), the European Research Council (an ERC Consolidator grant, 819299), Basic Science Research Program (NRF), and Frontier 10-10 (Ewha Womans University). M.H. acknowledges funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/I006303/1).

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)


We thank the French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX SIGNALIFE ANR-11-LABX-0028-01 and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT201904008453) for supporting M.D. PhD fellowship. This study was supported by ANR (ANR-18-CE12-0004, ANR-20-CE12-0020), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQU202003010413), CEFIPRA, Fondation ARC (N° PJA32020070002320) to G.L. Work in E.G. laboratory is supported by grants from the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (Labelisation N° PGA20160203873) and the INSERM cross cutting program on aging (AGEMED).


The last author would like to acknowledge support from a Facebook Fellowship.


The work was partially supported by the Department of Artificial Intelligence at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, and by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in RPO WD 2014-2020 (project no. RPDS.01.02.02-02-0065/20). We want to thank Mikołaj Morzy for an initial review and feedback. We want to thank our annotators team - Barbara Orłowska, Daria Szałamacha, Konrad Gajewski and Paweł Odrowąż-Sypniewski.


S. Rangan, W. Xia, S. Kang, and M. Mezzavilla were supported by NSF grants 1302336, 1564142, 1547332, and 1824434, SRC, and the industrial affiliates of NYU WIRELESS. A. Lozano and G. Geraci were supported by ERC grant 694974, by MINECO's Projects RTI2018-101040 and PID2021123999OB-I00, by the "Ramón y Cajal" program, and by ICREA. The work of V. Semkin was supported in part by the Academy of Finland.


This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0022035 for M. Meigooni, H.Y., J.L., E.T., X.L, and C.M.S. and the National Science Foundation under Award 2227399 for R.S. and C.M.S.


Acknowledgments: This work was supported by grants from NKFIH KH129567, NKFIH K135027 and TKP2021-EGA-25 to C.C., grants NKFIH K137563 and TKP2021-EGA-24 to K.K. and from the project NextGen-O2k (Oroboros Instruments) which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 859770. We would like to acknowledge the support and resources of the Birmingham Metabolic Tracer Analysis Core. T.N.S. has received funding from Childhood Cancer UK, Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies, the Corkin Family Foundation, and Dr. Edward Miller. D. R. was supported by a scholarship from School of PhD Studies of Semmelweis University, project no EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009.


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 31570844), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 project, Grant 2013CB127103), Project 2662016PY094 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.


Funding National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (GTN2009264; GTN1158384), National Institute on Aging (AG062531), Alzheimer's Association (2018-AARG-591358), and the Banting Fellowship Program (#454104). | Dr. Pase is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Investigator Grant (GTN2009264) with sleep research funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (GTN1158384), National Institute on Aging (R01 AG062531) and Alzheimer's Association (2018-AARG-591358). Dr. Baril is funded by the Banting Fellowship Program (#454104). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.


* Giacomo Como is also with the Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden. This work was partially supported by MIUR grant Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022 [CUP: E11G18000350001], the Swedish Research Council, and by the Compagnia di San Paolo.


The authors SB and PT acknowledge support by the DFG via the priority programme SPP 2256 Variational Methods for Predicting Complex Phenomena in Engineering Structures and Materials (BA 2268/7-1). The author AB is partially supported by NSF grant DMS-2110811.


This research was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 32160164
This research was funded by The Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, grant number 18JR2JA004
This research was funded by The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, grant number(31920210033, 31920210002)


*The authors thank the Johns Hopkins Causal Inference Working Group, Luke Keele, Betsy Ogburn, Jamie Robins, Fredrik Sävje, and Larry Wasserman for helpful comments and discussions. This work was partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-17130003.


This work was supported by grants from the Research Foundation Flanders [G005219N, G003322N] and a Strategic Research Program Financing from the VUB [SRP50].


An acknowledgment section references the writing of the paper in Aarhus University, Denmark, and mentions financial support for the research. the RFFI grant No 11-01-00458 and by project SPbGU No 11.38.215.2014.


This project was funded through the ERC as part of iHEAR project


This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant Nos. JP19H05603, JP22H00112, and JP24H00827) and JSPS Bilateral Program Number JPJSBP120249911.


This study was supported by Program of Excellent Doctoral (Postdoctoral) of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (Grant No. ZNYB2019006) and Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2019CFB505).


This research is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/Y025946/1. Wangkun Xu is also supported by the PhD scholarship of the Department of EEE, Imperial College London. Jianhong Wang is fully supported by the UKRI Turing AI World-Leading Researcher Fellowship, EP/W002973/1.


The first author is partially supported by DGICYT Grant MTM2012-33073 and CAPES-PVE Grant 88881.062217/2014-01. The second author is partially supported by FAPESP Grant 2013/14014-3. The third author is partially supported by CNPq Grant 309626/2014-5 and FAPESP Grant 2013/10856-0.


This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 764547. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author(s). The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.


Acknowledgement This project was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) project DGT (860820). This work was partially funded by the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Embedded Machine Learning.


Acknowledgment. The second-named author acknowledges partial financial sup-
port from the Project MTM2007-61446, DGI-FEDER, of the MCYT, Spain, and
from the grant PNII - Programme "Idei" (code 1194).


- Acknowledgments: This work was funded by the UK Dementia Research Institute which receives its funding from the Medical Research Council, Alzheimer's Society, and Alzheimer's Research UK. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our brain tissue donors and their families. BWM receives funding from the Medical Research Council (Grant Number MR/R001316/1) and from Leducq Foundation Transatlantic Network of Excellence, Stroke-IMPaCT (Grant Number 19CVD01). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. We would like to thank the QMRI Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting Facility at The University of Edinburgh for assistance with FACS studies, the Shared University Research Facilities (SuRF) Histology facility at The University of Edinburgh for assistance with processing, sectioning and slide-scanning brains, Dr Daniel Soong at The MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh for his assistance with image analysis, and Prof. Siddharthan Chandran at The University of Edinburgh for providing the SHSY-5Y cell line.


Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61672481) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2018495).


The experimental design of this work was conducted thanks to funding from INIA project RTA2011-00064-00-00. This study was part of the Feed-a-Gene project and received funding from the European Union’s H2020 program under grant agreement no. 633531. MVG is a recipient of a “Formación de Personal Investigador (FPI)” pre-doctoral fellowship from INIA, associated with the research project RTA2014-00015-C2-01. YRC was funded by Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (P-Sphere) agreement no. 6655919 (EU).


Acknowledgments: We thank I. Guzei for small molecule x-ray structure determination and S.H. Gellman and members of the Buller group for critical reading of the manuscript. The crystal mounting and data collection were mediated by the Collaborative Crystallography Core, Department of Biochemistry, UWMadison and data were collected at the Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team beamline 21ID-D at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory and we thank Z. Wawrzak for technical assistance during data collection. Use of the LS-CAT Sector 21 was supported by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation and the Michigan Technology Tri-Corridor (Grant 085P1000817). This work was supported by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, National Institute of Health (grant DP2-GM137417), Morgridge Institute for Research – Metabolism Theme Fellowship, and the NIH Biotechnology Training Grant (T32-GM008349). The Bruker AVANCE III-500 NMR spectrometers were supported by the Bender Fund. The Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. The Bruker D8 VENTURE Photon III X-ray diffractometer was partially funded by NSF Award (#CHE-1919350) to the UW–Madison Department of Chemistry


Most progress on this article and its follow-up has been made during mutual visits for various occasions in different places, and we would like to thank the respective organizers and hosts: the 2022 workshop "math in the mill" in Sondheim vor der Rhön; IMPAN Warsaw; and Leibniz University Hannover. This research is also part of the EU Staff Exchange project 101086394 "Operator Algebras That One Can See". It was partially supported by the University of Warsaw Thematic Research Programme "Quantum Symmetries". The second author would like to thank Profs. K. Schmüdgen and J. Cimprič for insightful discussions and their encouragement to work on this topic.


JST Mirai, Grant Number JPMJSP2136, and JSPS KAKENHI, Grant Number 23K21830, supported this work.


This study was financed by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil) through a scholarship to FM (grant number 2015/06677-8), CM (grant number 2018/03403–2) and GS (BIOEN grant number 2016/02506-7).


*This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No. 2018AAA0101002, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants No. 61803024, 11688101,61906016, the General Project of Scientific Research Project of the Beijing Education Committee under Grant No. KM201811417002, the Foundation of Beijing Union University under Grant No. BPHR2019DZ08, the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST under Grant 2018QNRC001, and Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.


The authors would like to thank Harris Health System for their partnership and support throughout the study. This study is supported by a grant from the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD, R01MD013715, PI: JR Montealegre). The NIMHD was not involved in the study design; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; the writing of this manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The REDCap software platform used for data capture is supported by a grant from the National Center for Supporting Translational Sciences (UL1 TR000445).

National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)


Funding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41961064); Yunnan Department of Science and Technology application of basic research project (Grant No. 202001BB050030).


This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10171059) and by the NSF Grant 0620539.


This work was granted by the 9th research program of Labex LaSIPS (Paris-Saclay Systems and Engineering Laboratory, Paris-Saclay University). Computations were performed using HPC resources from the computing centre of CentraleSupélec and ENS Paris-Saclay.


This work acknowledges the support by the following programs: Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20232292). National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2125009, 92048302). The funding of the "Pioneer" R&D Program of Zhejiang (Grant No. 2023C03007). Suzhou Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Social Governance Technologies (SZS2023007), Smart Social Governance Technology and Innovative Application Platform (YZCXPT2023101).


The authors thank Oliver Welz for valuable advice on the experimental data and the use of the ORCA software. This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the funding program "Quantum technologies — From basic research to market" in the joint project MANIQU (Grant No. 13N15575).


We acknowledge funding support from NSF Grants No. CCF-2241298 and ECCS-2409701. We thank the Ohio Supercomputer Center for providing the computational resources needed in carrying out this work.


KO is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship and a Westpac Scholars Trust 2018 Future Leaders Scholarship.


Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge Srinivasan Parthasarathy, Jiongqian Liang, Vishal Dey and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that improved this paper. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants IIS-1464381, CCF-1816577, CCF- 1815145, CCF-1423230 and CAREER award 1453472.


This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993, and ACI1444747) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work is also supported by NSF grants ACI-1253881, CCF-1439057, and the DOE Office of Science through the


Acknowledgments. Thanks are due to B. Kostant for kindly answering some basic questions concerning stabilisers of semisimple Lie algebra elements. This research is partially supported by ANR grants 08-BLAN-0317-01/02 (SEDIGA), 05-BLAN-0029-01 (GIMP).


Each author is partly supported by a grant from NSERC; | This collaboration was partly supported by an Ontario-Quebec Exchange Grant of the Ministry of Education and Training of Ontario, Canada.


Funding statement: This work was supported by the Strategic Research Promotion of Yokohama City University Research (KT), the Aid for Scientific Research C (22K09210 to KT), and Gold Ribbon Network research grant (YN and MK).


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos. 11875328 and 12075327, the Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development, China (No. Guike ZY22096024), the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data foundation(JCKY2022201C157).


This work was supported by NIH grant MH063207.


This work was supported in part by the the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2017R1C1B2009280) and the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT(17-ST-02).


The author acknowledges the support through RFBR grants 02-02-16500, 03-02-17174 and 04-02-16720.


This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1746891 (Remedios). Development is partially supported by CDMRP W81XWH2010912 (Prince), NIH R01 CA253923 (Landman), NIH R01 CA275015 (Landman), the NMSS grant RG-1507-05243 (Pham) and PCORI grant MS-1610-37115 (Newsome and Mowry). The statements in this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its Board of Governors or Methodology Committee.


Acknowledgements. This work was supported by an NSF/NIH CRCNS grant (R01MH115557) and an NSF grant (DMS-1517629). BK and KJ were supported by NSF grant (DMS-1662305). KJ was also supported by NSF NeuroNex grant (DBI-1707400). ZPK was also supported by an NSF grant (DMS- 1615737).


This work was supported by the Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research(grant number: XJDX1711-2206), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Regional Collaborative Innovation Project (Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program) (grant number: 2021E00131), Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation youth science fund Project (grant number: 2021D01C341).


Vanderbilt University Medical Center's BioVU (BIOVU) projects are supported by numerous sources: institutional funding, private agencies, and federal grants. These include NIH funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10OD017985, S10RR025141, and S10OD025092; CTSA grants UL1TR002243, UL1TR000445, and UL1RR024975. Genomic data are also supported by investigator-led projects that include U01HG004798, R01NS032830, RC2GM092618, P50GM115305, U01HG006378, U19HL065962, and R01HD074711. | Electrocardiographic data at Vanderbilt University Medical Center were obtained using Vanderbilt's Synthetic Derivative. The Synthetic Derivative resource is supported by Clinical and Translational Science Awards award No. UL1TR000445 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent official views of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. | This project was supported by National Institutes of Health R01GM133169 (Dr. Below, Dr Chen, Dr. Huff, Mr. Baker), U01HG011181 (Dr. Roden), and T32 HG008962 (Dr. Lancaster). Dr. Chen was supported by the American Heart Association (AHA)18PRE34060101.


Acknowledgments. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12171344) and the National Key R \& D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0701700 and No. 2018YFA0701701). The authors thank Volodymyr Mazorchuk for very helpful discussions about the socular highest weight modules in the case of type \( A \). The authors thank the referees for the careful reading and comments.


Acknowledgements: We are grateful to everyone who made our fieldwork possible. We thank Anagrafe Nazionale Antifascista, Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia, Associazione Ricreativa Culturale Italiana Milano, Istituto Nazionale per la Storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia, Francesco Colombo, Cristina Franceschi, Gloria Gennaro, Giacomo Lemoli, Andrea Ruggeri, and Stefano Costalli for helping us collect the data. For comments on previous versions, we thank Danilo Bolano, Stefano Costalli, Catherine De Vries, Giovanna Marcolongo, Zach Mampilly, Zach Parolin, Andrea Ruggeri, and participants in Leiden’s ‘Conflict Cluster Retreat’ and ‘Political Science Seminar’, UNU-WIDER Workshop ‘Institutional Legacies of Violent Conflict’, Bocconi’s ‘Politics & Institutions Clinic’, Wageningen’s ‘Spaces of Governance Workshop’, BIGSSS Lecture Series, and EUI’s ‘Political Behavior Colloquium’. Nicola Bariletto, Giulia di Donato, Sara Luxmoore, and Giuseppe Spatafora provided superb research assistance. This research has received support from UNU-WIDER and the ERC (Grant No. 864687). | This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project Institutional legacies of violent conflict. | The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Finland and Sweden, as well as earmarked contributions for specific projects from a variety of donors.


This work was supported by the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China (20YJC630138), the Anhui Natural Science Foundation (2008085QG345), the Fundamental Research Funding for Central Universities of China (WK2040000023), the New Liberal Arts Fund of University of Science and Technology of China (YD2040002010) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 71974177).


This work was financially supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, grants BT/PR6963/BID/7/427/2012 and BT/BI/25/066/2012 awarded to DG.


We thank George Sperling and Sebastian Schneegans for helpful discussion, and Robert Taylor for help with Bayesian hierarchical modelling. This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 106926 to PMB).


F.J. Aragón was supported by MINECO of Spain and ERDF of EU, as part of the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2013-13327) and the I+D grant MTM2014-59179-C2-1-P. M. Ahookhosh, R.M.T. Fleming, and P.T. Vuong were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and the Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing program, grant #DE-SC0010429. P.T. Vuong was also supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF), grant I 2419-N32.


This research was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education under the Research Centre of Excellence Programme and by program grants 1102-IRIS-10-02 (S.W., R.B.H.W and S.C.S) from the National Research Foundation (NRF). The computational work was performed in part on resources of the National Supercomputing Centre (NSCC, Singapore) supported by Project 11000984. We thank our numerous colleagues from the Public Utilities Board (Republic of Singapore) for access to facilities and biomass which permitted this work to be undertaken.


This work was supported by NYU Grossman School of Medicine Start-up package to C. J.
and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31500664, 31770838) and
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20171338) to Lei Fang.


This work was supported by the Nanjing Medical University Research Support Funding (grant number: 2018RC0003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 82001994), Chinese PLA General Hospital Clinical Research Support Funding (grant number: 2018FC-WJFWZX-1-21), and Chinese PLA General Hospital Youth Development Project (grant number: QNC19058).


Funding. This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant number RGPIN-2018-05501) and the High Throughput and Secure Networks Challenge Program at the National Research Council of Canada (grant numbers HTSN-621, HTSN-644).


This work is supported by the National Key R\&D Program of China (GrantNo.2020YFC2008503).


This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82060551; 82060666).


Supports for this study were provided, in part, by NIH grants U01-HL114494, R01-
HL112986 and S10-RR022421, T32-HL-144461 and by Basic Science Research Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of
Education (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03034157) and by the Korea Ministry of Environment
(MOE) as the Environmental Health Action Program (RE201806039). The authors thank the
SPIROMICS participants and participating physicians, investigators and staff for making this


This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants no. PHY-1654219 and PHY-2116686. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) within the framework of the MUSES collaboration, under grant number OAC-2103680, the US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant No. DE-SC0020633, US-DOE Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, within the framework of the Beam Energy Scan Topical (BEST) Collaboration. J.N. is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office for Nuclear Physics under Award No. DE-SC0021301.


The authors thank the EPSRC U.K. GR/S76076, and QIPIRC U.K.
for funding this work. JBBO acknowledges financial support from CAPES
Brazil. AFAK acknowledges financial support from the University of Cairo.


This project was supported by Grant from Kao Corporation (to M. Murayama); AMED-Brain/Minds Project (JP15dm0207001 to M. Murayama); Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B) from the JSPS (20B305 to M. Murayama); Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) from the JSPS (16H05929 to M. Murayama); Junior Research Associate program of RIKEN (to Y.S.). | RIKEN CBS-Kao Collaboration Center is partly funded by Kao corporation. This funder did not have any role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


*Research supported partially by NSFC(No.11071223) and ZJNSF(No.Z6090150); Corresponding author.
Email: wwf@zjnu.cn.


This study was funded by the EuroQol Research Foundation (EQ Project 20180230). The views expressed by the authors in the manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views of the EuroQol Group.


*Discrete Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea yoa@ibs.re.kr. The author is supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R029-C1) and in part by NSF Grant DMS-1945200.


This material is based on research sponsored by DARPA under agreements FA8750-19-C-0003 and HR0011-18-C-0060, and by a gift from Intel Corp. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. This research has also been sponsored by the Amazon Machine Learning Research Awards program and a GPU grant from Nvidia Corp. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of DARPA, the U.S. Government, or the other sponsors.


A.D.B. and M.M. were funded by the Else Kröner Forschungskolleg Magdeburg (grant numbers 2017_Kolleg.07; TP3 and TP4). E.G. received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant number FOR2372).


We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. Yong Jiang and Lijie Wen are the corresponding authors. Xuming Hu, Aiwei Liu and Lijie Wen were partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFB1704003), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 62021002), Tsinghua BN Rist and Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Bigdata System and Application. Philip S. Yu was partially supported by the NSF under grants III-1763325, III-1909323, III-2106758, SaTC-1930941.


This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [1R25NS090978]; Marilyn Hilton Award for Innovation in MS from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation; the National MS Society USA [FG-1908-34882]; the National MS Society USA [RG 4463A18]; National Institutes of Health [CO6 RR020092]; NIH/NIA AG054513 and Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences–Brain, Behavioral and Performance Unit [TR000448]. Anne H. Cross was funded in part by the Manny and Rosalyn Rosenthal-Dr. John L. Trotter MS Center Chair of Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, and the Leon and Harriet Felman Fund for Human MS Research.


This work was funded by CIHR (CIHR PJT-175222, to IC), NSERC (NSERC RGPIN-2019-05271, to IC), CFI (258389, to IC), and by McGill University (130251, to IC). Andressa Lira received a Mitacs Global-Link fellowship (IT25163). Sahil Rao Sanghi received a fellowship from the Mitacs Research Training Award program (IT19603).


The present study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 81771589], the Program of Tianjin Science and Technology Plan [grant no. 18ZXDBSY00170] and the Public Health and Technology project of Tianjin [grant no. ZC20120, TJWJ2021ZD007].


This work was supported by the CNRS, and by funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the EU Seventh Framework Programme FP7 to O.C. (REA agreement n°290257, « UPStream »), the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer to S.B. (ARC n°PJA 20141201831 and n°SFI20111203984), the French Ministry of Research (Investissements d'Avenir Program, Proteomics French Infrastructure, ANR-10-INBS-08) and the Fonds Européens de Développement Régional (FEDER), Toulouse Métropole, the Région Occitanie (fellowships to TM and BF) to O.B.-S.

B.J.N was supported by the Marie Curie International Training Network « UPStream ». S.B. was initially supported by EMBO and HFSP Long Term Fellowships.


Acknowledgments. This research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62172246), the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems (VRLAB2021A05), and Youth Innovation and Technology Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province (2021KJ062).


This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq (Process APQ-02381-21), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Programa de Excelência Acadêmica-Finance Code 001 (CAPES ProEx grant 23038.019105/2016-86), CAPES-PrInt (process 88887.696147/2022-00) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais—FAPEMIG (Process 402644/2021-2) for the financial support.


This work was supported by Vietnam National Foundation for Science & Technology Development (NAFOSTED) grant #104.99-2019.57.


This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center (NWCASC), which is managed by the USGS National Climate Adaptation Science Center under grant and cooperative agreement number UWSC14074. The conclusions and views presented in this work are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representative of the views or policies of USGS, nor should any commercial products mentioned in the text be misinterpreted as being endorsed by USGS or NWCASC. The research was also funded by the USDA NIFA McIntire Stennis project (1019284) and USDA NIFA postdoctoral award awarded to RAA (2022-67012-37200).


The authors would like to express grateful appreciation to the funding support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81903377). | This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81903377). Author Jiao Wang has received the research support.


SV acknowledges funding from the SNSF Starting Grant project (TMSGI2_211246). HB acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)project no. 4181400. We thank Paola Gori-Giorgi for insightful discussions which greatly improved the present work.


This work was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-TRI02 to Y.G.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270332 to Y.G. and 31970204 to W.L.), the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Z. Z), Wageningen University Joint PhD Programme and the European Research Council (ERC) under the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement 724321 to C.T.).


These studies were supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (2015/23898-8), and by a Sir Henry Dale research fellowship to Dr A. Mielgo funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 102521/Z/13/Z).


Acknowledgements: This work was supported by James Simons Foundation Grant 543057SPI, the National Institutes of Health grant R01MH062349, and the ONR grant N00014-23-1-2040. YL thanks Aldo Battista, Vishwa Goudar, Lucas Tian, Kenneth Kay, Haohong Li's lab, Yu Qi's lab, Sage Chen, Yi Sun's lab, Jianguang Ni's lab, Bo Shen, Shuo Chen, Xiaohan Zhang and all members of Xiao-Jing Wang's lab for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript.


This research was partially supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) Grant No. 2017/27/B/ST1/00100.


The authors acknowledge the support of the Medical Research Council (MR/M010694/1) (RC), and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M003671/1) (RC) and the COST Action BM1404 Mye-EUNITER (www.mye-euniter.eu), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).


This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1807700), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 62071356 and No. 62201414, and the fundamental research funds for the central universities under grant ZYTS23175.


This research was supported in part by NSF IIS-1212928, DARPA, Adobe Research and a Google Faculty grant. We thank Subhashini Venugopalan for providing an implementation of S2VT [22] and Stan Sclaroff for many useful discussions.


We acknowledge JSPS KAKENHI JP22K11919, JP22H00516, JP-JMJCR1913 for financial support. JP22K14274, and JST CREST


This work has been partially funded through the project "Research on Vision Sensor Technology Fusing Multidimensional Parameters" (111303-I21805) by Hangzhou SurImage Technology Co., Ltd and supported by Hangzhou KrVision Technology Co., Ltd (krvision.cn).


We thank the laboratory of Dr. Sven Traxel (Merck Element Analytics) for conducting and evaluating the ICP-MS analyses; the Chemical Synthesis Centre for Doctoral Training (funded by EPSRC (EP/L015366/1), AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Syngenta, UCB, Ziylo and the University of Bristol) for the provision of a PhD studentship (BJSR); the EPSRC for a part studentship and AstraZeneca for CASE top-up funding (H.M.O'B.), the Technology Enhanced Chemical Synthesis Centre for Doctoral Training, funded by EPSRC (EP/S024107/1), [AstraZeneca, Astex, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Syngenta, Vertex] and the University of Bristol, for the provision of a PhD studentship (P.R.D.-D.) and the UK Catalysis Hub for resources and support provided via our membership of the UK Catalysis Hub Consortium and funded by EPSRC grant: EP/R026939/1, EP/R026815/1, EP/R026645/1, EP/R027129/1 or EP/M013219/1(biocatalysis)).


This work is supported by MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation 24XJCZH024, General Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government under Grant 22JK058, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Aircraft Optical Imaging and Measurement Technology Open Fund Project 2023-006, National Natural Science Foundation of China 62173270 and 52367015, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2024M750897, and Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grants 20224BAB204051 and 20232BAB214064.


This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust Translational Award (080083/Z/06/Z ) and Seeding Drug Discovery Award (91050/Z/10/Z) and we acknowledge the support of their Seeding Drug Discovery team, in particularly Dr Sarah Hardy and Prof Chas Bountra, for useful discussions. This work was also funded by Medical Research Council (MRC) Programme grants MC_UU_12022/1 and MC_UU_12022/8 to ARV, and a research grant from Astex Pharmaceuticals.


We Thank Carolina ATF Mendonça for helpful contributions. FBS was supported by the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Grant Process No. 141715/2017-0). VGC was funded by Grant 2016/13998-8 and 2017/09662-7, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES). VMO was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Grant Process No. 141985/2013-5). VBPL was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and FAPESP Grant 2014/06862-7 and 2016/19766-1. We also thank the Center for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) of São Paulo State University (UNESP) for computational resources. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT095195). JC is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow.


Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the research unit: "Dynamical systems and their applications", (UR17ES21), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.

Dynamical Systems and Their Applications


The authors are thankful to Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for the funding provided to carry out the work (DBT Reference: BT/IN/Indo-UK/AMR-Env/02/JS/2020-21).


The authors thank the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China (2016YFA0602900), the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (22071063), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019PY05 and x2hgD2200520) for financial support.


J.H. is with ICTEAM institute, UCLouvain (Belgium) julien.hendrickx@uclouvain.be. His work was was supported by the "RevealFlight" Concerted Research Action (ARC) of the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles, by the Incentive Grant for Scientific Research (MIS) "Learning from Pairwise Comparisons" of the F.R.S.-FNRS, and by a WBI World Excellence Fellowship. M.R. is with Facebook AI Research, Montreal, Canada, mikerabbat@fb.com.


This study was funded by the Danish Rheumatism Association, the KV-foundation, Odense University Hospital and the University of Southern Denmark. The funding had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.


The first author was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0757907 and by the Alfried Krupp prize. The final details of the paper were completed at the AIM workshop “Mock modular forms in combinatorics and arithmetic geometry.” The authors would like to thank AIM for their support and for supplying a stimulating work environment.


This work is supported by NIH F31 AI156949 (K.H.), NIH R01 AI042347 (M.K.W.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.K.W.).


This project received funding from:
University of Otago (Dept. of Psychology, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin 9016).
University of Otago Wellington (Dean’s Department; Dept. of Psychological Medicine, 23 Mein St, Newtown, Wellington 6242).
A PhD scholarship was provided by the Dean’s Department, ultimately provided by the Ministry of Health, New Zealand.


DP was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124) and the Collaborative Research Center CellMap (TRR 261). PS was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Program through a Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship (101108450-MeStaLeM).


The authors are grateful to the NSERC and the CRC Program for their support. RM also acknowledges the support of the BERC 2022-2025 program and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) BCAM Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0718 and the Basque Government fund AI in BCAM EXP. 2019/00432. This research was enabled in part by support provided by SHARCNET and the Digital Research Alliance of Canada.

BCAM Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation


This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 and by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funds from Brookhaven Science Associates.


Acknowledgements: This work has spurred out of a joint project with Barak Weiss, in which we attempted to answer some of the still open questions asked in the last section of the paper. Barak's thoughtful remarks and insights are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Gregory Margulis, Elon Lindenstrauss, Nimish Shah and the reviewer for useful comments. The author was supported by NSF Grant DMS-0801064.


This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Grant No. 11220200102316CO, Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Grant No. PICT-2021-I-A- 00957, and Universidad de Buenos Aires.


Funding from Canada First Excellence Research Fund through University of Alberta's Future Energy systems and through the Discovery Grants program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) are acknowledged. Vinay Prasad acknowledges support from the Jaffer professorship in Process Systems and Control Engineering. Computations reported in this work were supported by Compute Canada's through the resources for research groups competition.


This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM117590, awarded under the Joint DMS/NIGMS Initiative to Support Research at the Interface of the Biological and Mathematical Sciences.


The authors thank all the volunteers for their participation in the study and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the STI2030-Major Projects (2021ZD0200500, 2022ZD0213300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271145, 81871425), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017XTCX04), Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning (CNLZD2101). Data in this publication were provide (in part) by the Human Connectome ProjectDevelopment (HCP-D), which is supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01MH109589 and by funds provided by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University in St. Louis.


Bates and Sottile supported by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications. Bates supported by NSF grant DMS-0914674. Sottile supported by the NSF CAREER grant DMS-0538734 and NSF grant DMS-0701050.


Sections of the article about measurement with non-demolition filtration and filtration mapping were written by A. Kozubov and A. Gaidash, Section about semi-demolition measurement by A. D. Kiselev and G. Miroshnichenko. The work of A. Kozubov and A. Gaidash is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 20-71-10072 and performed in Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. The work of A. D. Kiselev was financially supported by the Russian Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2019-0903). Also we are very grateful to Alena Ivanova for inestimable help with figure preparation.


This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program [grant number 2E30170] and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Information & Communication Technology) [grant number NRF-2020M1A2A2080847].


J.P.G.R. acknowledges financial support by the European Research Council under the Grant Agreement No. 721675 "Regularity and Stability in Partial Differential Equations (RSPDE)". D.R. acknowledges financial support by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant No. 101078782).


We would like to thank M. Beccaria, S. Ekhammar, L. Guerrini, M. Lagares, S. Penati and V. Velizhanin for useful discussions and comments. The work of SG is supported in part by the US NSF under Grant No. PHY-2209997. SAK acknowledges support of the President's PhD Scholarship of Imperial College London. AAT is supported by the STFC grant ST/T000791/1. Part of this work was done while AAT was attending the meeting "Integrability in low-supersymmetry theories" (Trani, 2024) funded by the COST Action CA22113, by INFN and by Salento University.


This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No., 31761143010, 31460368 and U1405213), National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (No. BX201600030) and the China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-10-P20). The funders did not have any role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, decision to publish, and in writing the manuscript.


This study was financially supported by Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1905010) and Key R&D Program of Liao Ning Province (2019JH2/10200004). XXW is supported by State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation.


This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFA1000102, 2021YFA1000103), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61873280, 61972416), Taishan Scholarship (tsqn201812029), Foundation of Science and Technology Development of Jinan (201907116), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QF023), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21CX06018A), Spanish project PID2019-106960GB-I00, Juan de la Cierva IJC2018-038539-I.


The authors thank Drs. C. Park and E. C. Dykhuizen for critical review of the manuscript. We thank C. Park for assistance with protein expression and purification. This work was supported by NIH 1R35GM128894-01 to C.J.K. The Purdue University Mass Spectrometry and Genome Sequencing Shared Resources are supported by P30 CA023168 from the National Institutes of Health.


Funding This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41807471) and the Open Research Fund Program of MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area (SZU51029202010).


The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and authorship of this article: this research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Dr. TY Zhang [grant No. 82001324].


This study was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology to J.B.M. (#2010649), a Campbell Scholars Program undergraduate research grant to M.E.P., a University of Illinois Research Board Grant to E.K.F. (RB21025), and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign laboratory start-up funds to E.K.F.


Funding; This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52162040).


Supported in part by NSF Grant CCF-1422152 and CAREER-1553166. | Supported by Moprexprogmol CNRS MI grant. | Supported in part by JST Program to Disseminate Tenure Tracking System, MEXT, Japan, No. 6F36, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) No. 16H05854, and JSPS Bilateral Program No. YB29004


This work was funded through a Medical Research Council doctoral training award. | The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates.


Source of funding: This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI [grant number JP 16H05216]. The funders had no role in the study design, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.


S.G. and R.S. acknowledge support by the ERDF of the European Union and by 'Fonds of the Hamburg Ministry of Science, Research, Equalities and Districts (BWFGB)'. J.F. acknowledges support by the Czech Science Foundation under Grant No. 21-23120S.


This work was supported by awards from the NIH (HL136377-01 and DK110098) to K.A. R.D. was supported by the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation Fellowship Research Grant (2019-D-004-FEL). The sequencing was carried out at the UC Davis Genome Center DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core, supported by NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant 1S10OD010786-01. The graphical abstract was made using Biorender.com. We would like to thank S. Layer for ongoing inspiration.


Ch.F. was partly supported by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, grant number 2014055, AFOSR, grant DMS-1265524, and NSF, grant FA9550- 12-1-0425. S.I. was partly supported RFBR, grant 20-01-00070, M.L. was supported by Academy of Finland, grants 273979 and 284715, and H.N. was partly supported by NSF grant DMS-1620102 and a Ramanujan Fellowship and a Swarna Jayanti fellowship.


Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea
(NRF-2018R1D1A1A02085712) grant funded by the Korea government.


The research carried out by G. Alessandrini and E. Sincich for the preparation of this paper has been supported by FRA 2016 "Problemi inversi, dalla stabilità alla ricostruzione" funded by Università degli Studi di Trieste. E. Sincich has been also supported by Gruppo Nazionale per l'Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni (GNAMPA) by the grant " Problemi Inversi per Equazioni Differenziali". E. Sincich is grateful for the support and the hospitality of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics of the University of Limerick, where part of this work has been carried over. R. Gaburro and E. Sincich acknowledge the support of "Programma professori visitatori", Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi (INdAM) during the Fall 2016/17. R. Gaburro wishes to acknolwedge also the support of MACSI, the Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (www.macsi.ul.ie), funded by the Science Foundation Ireland Investigator Award 12/IA/1683. M.V de Hoop was partially supported by the Simons Foundation under the MATH + X program, the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1559587, and by the members of the Geo-Mathematical Group at Rice University.


This work was supported by CAPES, CNPq, INCT-FCx, and FAPERGS.


Xie gang reports financial support was provided by General project of national Natural Science Foundation of China. Xie gang reports financial support was provided by Study on anodic electrochemical performance of aluminum air battery alloy. Xie gang reports financial support was provided by Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talents and Platform Project. Yu xiaohua reports financial support was provided by Yunnan Ten Thousand Plan. | This work has been supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774160).This work has received support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52022013,51974031).This work has received support from the Yunnan Provincial Ten Thousand Talents Plan Project Fund (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-327)


We thank J. Saras, P.-E. Lund, and A. Thonig (Uppsala University) for expert technical assistance, and D. Machado (University of La Laguna) for spike analysis software. The work was supported by the Swedish Research Council, Diabetes Wellness Network Sweden, Swedish Diabetes Society, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, Swedish Society for Medical Research, Hjärnfonden, and the NovoNordisk and Family Ernfors foundations. N.R.G. was supported by the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD)/Lilly Research Fellowship and the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF). SD was supported by grants from the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) and Helse-Bergen. Human islets for research were provided by the Nordic Network for Islet Transplantation (supported by JDRF grant 31-2008-416, ECIT Islet for Basic Research Program).


Paul Seli was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Banting Post-Doctoral Fellowship. Michael J. Kane was supported by award DRL1252444 from the National Science Foundation. Jonathan Smallwood was supported by award 646927 from the European Research Council. Daniel L. Schacter was supported by a National Institute on Aging grant R01 AG08441. David Maillet was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) fellowship. Jonathan Schooler was supported by an Institute of Educational Science grant # R305A170445. Daniel Smilek was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council discovery grant 06459.


This work was supported in part by grant R01 MH117646-02S1 from the National Institutes of Health to T.L.
Itsik Pe'er is supported by grants CCF-1547120 and DGE-1144854 from the National Science Foundation
as well as grant U54CA209997 from the National Institutes of Health.


This work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970053 and 32170059 to T.H., 21632007 to S.L), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0901900), and the Startup fund for Youngman Research at SJTU (SFYR at SJTU), respectively.We would like to thank the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry for obtaining the NMR data.


This research benefited from the support of the FMJH Program PGMO under grant HEAVY.NET and from the support of EDF, Thales, and Orange. R. Colini-Baldeschi and M. Scarsini are members of GNAMPA-INdAM. R. Cominetti and P. Mertikopoulos gratefully acknowledge the support and hospitality of LUISS during a visit in which this research was initiated. R. Cominetti's research is also supported by FONDECYT 1130564 and Núcleo Milenio ICM/FIC RC130003 "Información y Coordinación en Redes." P. Mertikopoulos was partially supported by the ECOS/CONICYT Grant C15E03 and the Huawei HIRP Flagship project ULTRON. P. Mertikopoulos and M. Scarsini also gratefully acknowledge the support and hospitality of FONDECYT 1130564 and Núcleo Milenio "Información y Coordinación en Redes."


This work was supported by the United States National Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Contract No. FA9550-22-1-0030 and the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CAREER-1653059. This work used Stampede3 at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through allocation MCH230053 from the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services \& Support (ACCESS) program, which is supported by National Science Foundation grants \#2138259, #2138286, #2138307, #2137603, and #2138296 (Boerner et al., 2023). This content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AFOSR, NSF, TACC, or ACCESS. The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Lamont and Professor F. Vernerey (CU Boulder) for orchestrating the implementation of the Transient Network Theory (TNT) package into LAMMPS based on the work of Wagner et al. (2021).

Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS) program


This work is supported by CME Group. We thank them for providing us with valuable data and we are grateful for their donation of the Maxeler FPGA hardware. We especially acknowledge Ryan Eavy, Executive Director, Architectures at CME Group for his support and introduction to Maxeler.


This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grant CBET-1914543 and by U.S. DOE award DE-AC05-76RL01830 through PNNL subcontract 535264. The authors thank Martin Jin, Emily Kerr, Daniel Pollack, and Jinxu Gao for valuable discussions.


Acknowledgements. We are grateful to F. Klopp for helping us to find some references. The first author was supported by a postdoctorial fellowship from Ecole Polytechnique. She also thanks Y. Colin de Verdière for an interesting discussion around random functions. The second author is grateful to the Japan Society for the promotion of Sciences and to the Dept of Mathematics of Tokyo Unversity for offering excellent working conditions during the month of July, 2005. He also thanks E. Servat for a very interesting remark. We also thank the referee for many detailed remarks that have helped to improve the presentation.


This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant IOS-1456482 to F.T.) and Michigan AgBioResearch (F.T.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. | This work was supported by the Program Area: Plant Health and Production and Plant Products [Grant no. 2015-67013-22932 to F.T.] from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.


This research has been conducted as part of the FIBISS project which is funded by the German Research Council (DFG, project number: KL 2869/5-1). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback.


This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (82071478, 81960260), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QH129), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2020CFB857) and Supporting Fund for Teachers' research of Jining Medical University (JYFC2019FKJ034).


Funding: This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (PI: KCC, R24-RR017441, and PI: KCC, R24-OD018559), the Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, the Penn State College of Medicine Zebrafish Functional Genomics Core, the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and the Institute for Cyber Science, Penn State University, and the Pennsylvania Department of Health Tobacco CURE Funds. The Pennsylvania Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analysis, interpretations, or conclusions. This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.


The authors thank Alice Feurtey, Asger Hobolth, Bernhard Haubold, Eva Stukenbrock, Fabian Klötzl, Kai Zeng, Pier Palamara and Stephan Schiffels for fruitful discussions about this work.JYD acknowledges funding from the Max Planck Society. This work was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) attributed to JYD


The work was supported by Grants No. VEGA 1/0457/12 and No. APVV-0050-11, by "NewCompStar", COST Action MP1304, and by Polatom ESF network.


This work has received funding from the DFG's Reinhart Koselleck project No. 442218748 (AUDI0NOMOUS) and from the EU's Horizon 2020 grant agreement No. 826506 (sustAGE).


Funding: This study was not funded by a particular source. The de-identified dataset used in this study was generated from a grant R305A160114 (Lyon and Cook) awarded by the Institute of Education Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Institute of Education Sciences.


We thank Rodrigo Amezcua Correa for providing a multi-mode fiber and Jeffrey Moffitt for fruitful discussion regarding a flat-field illumination. This work was supported by DARPA (HR00111720066) and CREOL at University of Central Florida.


This work was supported by PHS grants DA09082 (RJV), T32MH017168 Training Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (HMG) and F31MH10521 NIMH NRSA for Individual Predoctoral Fellowships (HMG). The authors declare no conflict of interest.


This work was supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant number 20ak0101068h0004; the Japanese Ministries of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and of Health, Labor and Welfare (JSPS KAKENHI) under Grant number JP19K07729; and the Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology.


J.L.P-G. and A.L.P. were supported by the ERDF/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities-State Research Agency (Grant RTI2018-096246-B-I00, to ALP), Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía (Grant P18-RT-2413, to A.L.P.) and ERDF/ Counseling of Economic transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities (Grant B-BIO-84-UGR20, to A.L.P.) and the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB, India; Grant MTR/2019/000392, to ANN). Financial support from Horizon 2020 EU_FT-ICR_MS project (731077), EU/MEYS projects BioCeV (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109) and CIISB LM2018127 are acknowledged.

Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB, India)


Acknowledgements : KP, AG, and PV acknowledge CSIR, New Delhi for financial support for this research (MLP0027). TKM thanks CSIR for a project fellowship and NS thanks to UGC for Senior Research Fellowship. RAS acknowledges DST, India for Inspire Fellowship. PBS and SS acknowledge the Department of Science & Technology for financial support. The Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility of the Institute is acknowledged for providing instrumentation facilities.


The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 075-00381-21-00), and was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-65-46035).


The first author acknowledges supports from Louisiana Board of Regents, grant # LEQSF(2017-19)-ENH-TR-25. The second author is partially supported by grant 101.04-2019.313 of the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development.


This research was supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant Z211-N23 (Wittgenstein Award), ERC CoG 863818 (FoRM-SMArt), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385.


The authors are grateful to the project entitled 'Scientific infrastructures for global change monitoring and adaptation in Andalusia (INDALO-LIFEWATCH-2019-04-AMA-01)'. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA. This research is funded by EU project 101071300 Sustainable Horizons (HORIZON).


The authors were partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-1517583. We thank the anonymous referees for many helpful comments which greatly improve the quality of the paper.


*Supported by the FP7 EU project UNIFY and the German-Israeli GIF project I-1245-407.6/2014.


This work was supported by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC and National Health Research Institutes (109-1901-01-19-07), Taiwan, Republic of China. | The authors would like to express their immense gratitude to the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Health Research Institutes for their financial support.


We acknowledge financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0600901, 2020YFD1000500) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071838).


The authors would like to thank Alexander Bruce for scanning internal cohorts of patient histology slides at BWH; Jingwen Wang, Katerina Bronstein, Lia Cirelli and Sharifa Sahai for querying the BWH slide database and retrieving archival slides; Martina Bragg and Terri Mellen for logistical support; and Zahra Noor for developing the interactive demo website. This work was supported in part by internal funds from BWH Pathology, Google Cloud Research Grant and Nvidia GPU Grant Program. R.J.C. was additionally supported by the NSF Graduate Fellowship and NIH T32HG002295.


Aknowledgements Collaboration MTM2013-44233-P and Victor Grant-316446, Reiner the with and FEDER. for original of J. H. Przytycki and many version of useful Mathematics of M. was We Silvero would discussions. Subsection the partially like was partially to thank 2.2. particular, In The authors University supported of Michał Seville (IMUS) Reiner are us the Institute supported by Simons by Adamaszek helped grateful to and the Institute of Mathematics of the University of Barcelona (IMUB) for their hospitality.


This article has been awarded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61170035, 61272420, 81674099, 61502233), the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (30916011328, 30918015103), and Nanjing Science and Technology Development Plan Project (201805036).


This work was supported by the "Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (19050501900)" to CL.


The work of Christos Ordoudis and Pierre Pinson is partly funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council (DSF) through projects 5s-Future Electricity Markets, No. 12-132636/DSF and CITIES, No. 1305-00027B/DSF. The work of Juan M. Morales is partly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 755705), by the Spanish Research Agency through project ENE2017-83775-P (AEI/FEDER, UE), and by the Research Funding Program for Young Talented Researchers of the University of Málaga through project PPIT-UMA-B1-2017/18. Finally, we would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their comments to improve this manuscript.


This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560476).


Funding: This study is supported by China National Science Foundation (Grant No. 81871893), Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project (Grant No. 201804020030), Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2018B010111001), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2000702) and the Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030-"New Generation Artificial Intelligence" Project (No. 2020AAA0104100).


Funding for this project was supported by an ERC Starting Grant [ERC-StG-759432] to I.C., an ERSC-IIAA grant to J.W., I.C. and S.F.S., by a Swiss National Science Foundation grant (10001C_201145) to A.-R.R. and R.C., and by a NSERC and IVADO graduate scholarships to S.F.S.


This work was supported by AFOSR under grant FA95501710218, NSF under grant IIS1814472, and a Faculty award from J. P. Morgan. The authors would like to sincerely thank Bishan Yang for the initial discussions and ideas related to model architecture, and to Kathryn Mazaitis for the brainstorming sessions on the limitations of the model and future directions.


The authors acknowledge financial support from the ERA-NET Susfood-CEREAL project, No. 031A431B, by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This project has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 694946).


This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2020-ZLLH-45), Shenyang High-level Innovative Talents Program (RC190447) and Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute- Dalian University of Technology "Medical-industrial interdisciplinary research fund" (LD202021).


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070250), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020A1515011030) and the open research project of "Cross-Cooperative Team" of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.


A.K. was partially supported by the HSE University Basic Research Program. E.S. is supported by the EPSRC grant EP/T019379/1 "Derived categories and algebraic K-theory of singularities", and by the ERC Synergy grant "Modern Aspects of Geometry: Categories, Cycles and Cohomology of Hyperkähler Varieties".


J.R. is supported by the Vitterbi Fellowship. M.J.P.C. is supported by NHGRI U24HG007497.


The research of the second author was supported by NSERC of Canada under grant # RGPIN 418201. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and feedback that helped with the exposition and clarity of results.


The authors appreciate the reviewers for their contribution in ensuring the quality of
the article. We thank the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
52102235), Youth Foundation of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. C2020202009) and
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2022202095).


This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no 945380, DAAD PRIME Fellowship, Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant PID2019-108531GB-I00 AEI/FEDER, and AGAUR Generalitat de Catalunya grant 2021 SGR 00911.


Financial support from the European Research Council (2014-2019 / ERC grant agreement No. 337665) is gratefully acknowledged.


This research was supported in part by grants NHGRI U01HG007031, ARO W911NF1710005, ONR N00014- 16-1-2664, DOE DE-AC02-05CH11231, NHGRI R00 HG006698, DOE (SBIR/STTR) Award DE-SC0017069, DOE DE-AC02-05CH11231, and NSF DMS-1613002. We thank the Center for Science of Information (CSoI), a US NSF Science and Technology Center, under grant agreement CCF-0939370. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Library Of Medicine of the NIH under Award Number T32LM012417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. BY acknowledges support from the Miller Institute for her Miller Professorship in 2016-2017. SB acknowledges the support of UC Berkeley and LBNL, where he conducted most of his work on this paper as a postdoc. We thank P. Bickel and S. Shrotriya for helpful discussions and comments, T. Arbel for preparing Drosophila dataset, and S. Celniker for help vetting the Drosophila data and for consultation on TF interactions.


This work was supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant no. 22Y31900502) of Yan Huang.


We thank Drs. Peter Narins, Hyle Park and Xiaohui Lin. This work was supported by NIH/NIDCD R01DC011506, R21DC019998, and VA Merit Award C2296-R to W.D.


Enide Andrade was supported in part by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Fundaçāo para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), through CIDMA - Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, within project UID/MAT/04106/2013. M. Robbiano was partially supported by project VRIDT UCN 170403003.


This paper resulted from the sTURN working group funded by sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). Additional funding came from Österreichische Forschungsgemeinschaft (ÖFG; International Communication, project 06/15539). We thank all members of the working group for discussions that inspired this manuscript and feedback in its development. We also thank Jacob Usinowicz, Mary O'Connor, and Devin Lyons for valuable discussions and feedback. PLT is supported by Killam and NSERC postdoctoral fellowships. LDM acknowledges KU Leuven Research Fund project C16/2017/002 and FWO project G0B9818. ZH acknowledges support by the Interreg V-A Austria-Hungary program of the European Regional Development Fund (project "Vogelwarte - Madárvárta 2") and GINOP 2.3.2.-15-2016-00057. | LMG. is supported by NSERC CGS-D and UBC Four Year Fellowships. JMC was also supported by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). DSV was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of iDiv.


The research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grant number 344069666. Open access funding enabled and organized by project DEAL. Thanks to M. Böhme, S. Unbehau and F. Ellermann for their helpful input.


This work is supported by the Swedish Research Council grant (Reg.No. 340-2013-5342) and Estonian institutional research funding IUT34-5. Adam Johansson is acknowledged for providing us with data.


We thank Dr. Frédéric Labbé for assistance in utilizing the malaria-SNP simulator to generate simulated SNP read counts data. Q. He and N. Ju acknowledges support from Purdue University's Showalter Trust Research Award. Also, this project was funded, in part, with support from the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by Grant Number UL1TR002529 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.


This research was supported by the DFG through the CRC 1283 "Taming uncertainty and profiting from randomness and low regularity in analysis, stochastics and their applications".

Taming Uncertainty and Profiting from Randomness and Low Regularity


This work was supported by the Korean MSIP under IITP Grant B0132-15-1005 (ETRI) and by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-1320895.


This work was supported partly from DBT project- BT/PR21430/ADV/90/246/2016 (SP025) on developing Leptospira vaccines and partly from DBT-NIAB flagship project No-BT/AAQ/01/NIAB-Flagship/2019 (SP051) on host-pathogen interaction which are funded to SMF from the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Financial support from the NIAB core fund is duly acknowledged. The authors would like to thank the Director, NIAB, Dr. Subeer S. Majumdar for providing necessary infrastructural facility and support for the execution of the above study. We would like to thank Mr. Mohd Kadivella, PhD student of Dr. Faisal for help in docking experiments. Thanks to Mr. Shashikant Gawai and Mrs. Rama Devi for helping in confocal microscopy and Flow cytometry. Thanks to Dr. Jayant Hole for help in animal experiments. AK is supported by UGC fellowship and registered for PhD programme at RCB, Faridabad. VPV is supported by CSIR fellowship.


BR was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation grant 1710009 and the grant 2717.001 from the Semiconductor Research Corporation. MS received funding from the European Commission H2020 within the Human Brain Project, grant agreement ID 785907. AS acknowledges support from the European Research Council through the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant number 682675.


AB acknowledges funding under EPSRC grant EP/L020955/1. FM and HAM acknowledge funding from NSF (Grant No. DMR-1308235) and DOE Geosciences Division (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15458). We are grateful to the following scientists whom, over the years, have shaped our vision of the granular problem: J. S. Andrade Jr., L. Bo, T. Boutreux, J. Brujić, S. F. Edwards, P.-G. de Gennes, N. Gland, S. Havlin, J. T. Jenkins, Y. Jin, D. L. Johnson, J. Kurchan, S. Li, G. Parisi, R. Mari, L. La Ragione, M. Shattuck, C. Song, H. E. Stanley, M. S. Tomassone, J. J. Valenza, K. Wang, and P. Wang. We are grateful for comments on the review by: R. Blumenfeld, J.-P. Bouchaud, B. Chakraborty, P. Charbonneau, S. Franz, G. Gradenigo, S. Martiniani, M. Moore, C. O'Hern, G. Parisi, M. Saadatfar, M. Shattuck, M. Sperl, M. Wyart, A. Zaccone, and F. Zamponi. We also thank B. Behringer, S. Martiniani and S. Nagel for the permission to use their images.


Funding: This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (19K067309 to Y.K.), and the Takeda Science Foundation (to Y.K.). M.E.B. was supported by Research fund #3096.


The authors acknowledge Mr. Alan Hoofring (NIH’s Medical Arts Design Section) for help with Illustrations (Figures 1 and 6). In addition, the authors thank Ms. Sherly Michel (NIDCD) and Mr. Pat Diers (NIDCD) for help with animal care and genotyping and Dr. Kuni Iwasa (NIDCD) and Dr. Benjamin Perrin (Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis) for carefully reading the manuscript and providing critical inputs. A.X.C.R. and this work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Distinguished Scholars Program and the NIH Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (grant # ZIA EB000094). This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIDCD DC000039 to T.B.F. S.K. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant 20K09687 and G.F. by NIDCD/NIH (R01DC014658 and S10OD025130). The electron microscopy was performed at the University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, which belongs to the National Science Foundation NNCI Kentucky Multiscale Manufacturing and Nano Integration Node, supported by ECCS-1542174.


This work was partially supported by ANR project CQFD (ANR-18-CE23-0003).


We are grateful to all colleagues for participating in the research and express our gratitude to the 20-20 project of Samsung Medical Center and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A2B4005136). | This study was supported by a grant from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (NRF-2017R1A2B4005136). The experiments of this study including immunohistochemistry and cytokine measurements were funded by the aforementioned grant. However, there was no role of the funding body in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.


E.L.D. was partially supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 288501 'Geometry of subRiemannian groups') and by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 713998 GeoMeG 'Geometry of Metric Groups').


E.M. is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1656518 and a Stanford Graduate Fellowship. J.S. is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grants R01 GM116847 and R35 GM139517 and NSF Faculty Early Career Development Program Award MCB1552196.


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 62371139 and 82227803), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant 22DZ1100100 and 22ZR1404800).


Funding: Parts of this work have been performed in the context of project SAARTE (Spatially-Aware Augmented Reality in Teaching and Education). SAARTE is supported by the European Union (EU) in the ERDF program P1-SZ2-7 and by the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate (Antr.-Nr. 84002945). This work was also supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) in the context of ODPfalz under Grant 03IHS075B


This research was partially supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under the project KI-SIGS and the German Research Foundation (DFG) under the project Transregio Crossmodal Learning (TRR 169).


This research was supported in part as a COVID-19 Research Project by Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS). K.I. and M.O. have been supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21H04905 and JP21J22938, respectively.


The authors would like to thank Matti Jussila and Kari Hartonen for useful discussion and assistance in assembling the sorbent tube, and Markus Metsälä for assistance with the mass spectrometer measurements. The authors would like to thank Roland Teissier, Alexei Baranov and Hadrien Phillip for providing the QCL used in this work. This work received funding from Jenny and Antti Wihuri foundation. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation (PREIN), decision number: 320167.


The simulations were performed on resources provided by the National Academic
Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS) at the National Supercomputer
Centre partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement
no. 2022-06725 and on the centers of the Grand Equipement National de Calcul
Intensif (GENCI) under grant number A0090406960. The first author also acknowledges
financial support from a visiting fellowship of the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de
Lyon. A.B. acknowledges support from the Ministerio de Econom ́ıa y Competitividad
of Spain (Grant No. PID2021-125550OBI00).


Aleksanyan thanks Göran Gustafsson Foundation for visiting appointment to KTH. Shahgholian was partially supported by Swedish Research Council.


The current research was funded by Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province (A2016450 and B2018237).


Funding This work was supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 20YF1446100), Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (No. shslczdzk04901; ZY(2021-2023)-0204-06), Shanghai University of TCM Xinglin Young Talent Training System-Xinglin Scholars Project (TCM[2020]23), Shanghai University of TCM Excellent Talents Training Program (TCM[2020]10), and Future Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine development of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. WL-QNRC-2022002K; WL-HBMS-2022003K).


Acknowledgements This work was supported by Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No.2019-0-01906, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(POSTECH)) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF- 2018R1A5A1060031, No. 2020R1C1C1014863).


Acknowledgements This research is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1400800), VILLUM FONDEN (VIL50469), European Research Council (REFOCUS 3522), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62035017, 12334017, 12293052, 12104522, 92050202, 61975243), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (2022A1515011400), Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of "The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program" (2021ZT09X044), the Danish National Research Foundation, SPOC (DNRF123), and Guangdong Special Support Program (2019JC05X397). We thank Yujie Chen, Jie Liu and Siyuan Yu for loaning the equipment.


Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DGE-1247312 to BAG and IOS- 1354072 to KMW), Sigma Xi (G2018031596022314 to BAG), and Boston University.


†This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY 1519606.


This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BZ2021010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21890741, 22073087), MOST (2018YFA0208603), CAS (YSBR-004), and Super Computer Centre of USTCSCC and SCCAS.


- The research of G. Ge was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11431003 and 61571310.