This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [grant numbers EP/R045518/1, and EP/X52556X/1] and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [grant numbers NE/S007415/1, and NE/R011613/1]. The work was also supported by the Royal Society under an International Collaboration Award 2020 [grant number ICA\R1\201302]. B.W. and H.B. would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of NERC and the Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment for Ph.D. scholarships. J.N. thanks the Royal Society for the award of a Research Professorship and the European Research Council for award of an Advanced Grant (grant number 742708, CAPaCITY). The authors would like to thank Dr Andreas Olympios for guidance


TEG, SL, DPD, AT, SC, HK, and ER were supported by NIA grant R01AG051346.The authors report no conflicts of interest.


We thank Dr. Panagiotis Kastritis and Dr. Steven Johnson for critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to Lily Rose for the help with some two-hybrid analyses. This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2008 – 390540038 – UniSysCat and project 426290502 and, in part, by the Wellcome Trust [Grant number 203149]. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.


The authors acknowledge financial support from the MRC (MR/P011225/1 to BS) and the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI093870 to AJY). We thank Fiona Powrie and the Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies for germ-free mice.


This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072076, 82072165 and 81871556), and Young Top Talents in Xing Liao Talents Program of Liaoning Province (XL YC1807183).


This is publication ISEM-YYYY-XXX of the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution – Montpellier. This work was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (No.: ANR-19-CE02-0015) to EAF. BR gratefully acknowledges the support of iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). The scientific results have in part been computed at the High-Performance Computing Cluster EVE of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) and iDiv, and we thank Christian Krause for technical support.


This research was funded by decisions #266523 and #304519 to TMR from the Academy of Finland, the Doctoral Programme in Plant Science grant and Lammi Biological Station's Environmental Research Foundation grant 2017 and 2018 to CCB. We thank Lammi Biological Station, Paula Lebowski, Santa Neimane, and Marta Pieristè for the help with fieldwork, and Titta Kotilainen for her advice on plotting spectra.


This work was supported by FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco, grant no. IBPG-1520-2.03/18 and APQ-0409-2.02/16) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, grant no. 310804/2017-5 and no. 313944/2020-2). | We also thank FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for financial support.


This work was supported by an SSE Lewontin Award to MRW, a UGA Plant Center award to MRW, a Robin Hightower Genetics Graduate Support Fund award to MRW, and National Science Foundation grants IOS-1827645 and DEB-1856180 to ALS.


The author gratefully acknowledge partial financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11871249, 12171155).


Funding: KSB, JA, TD, and RT were supported by the Cancer Research United Kingdom (grant no. C8221/A29017). HBS and AVS are funded by The Swedish Cancer Society (Grants 20 0990). RMM is a National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator (NIHR202411). RMM is supported by a Cancer Research UK 25 (C18281/A29019) programme grant (the Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme). RMM is also supported by the NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre which is funded by the NIHR (BRC-1215-20011) and is a partnership between University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. RMM is affiliated with the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol which is supported by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3, MC_UU_00011/6, and MC_UU_00011/4) and the University of Bristol. Department of Health and Social Care disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

The Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme


*Supported by NSF grant DMS-96-26633. | †Supported by a Sloan Foundation Fellowship, and NSF grants DMS-95-05175, DMS-96-26911.


We acknowledge help from R. Majed in performing bacterial transformations. DF thanks Kirill Korolev and Oskar Hallatschek for helpful discussions. MH acknowledges studentship funding from EPSRC under grant number EP/R513180/1. NK acknowledges funding from the Gates Cambridge Scholarship. TL acknowledges college grant from St Edmund Hall. This work was performed using resources provided by the Cambridge Service for Data Driven Discovery (CSD3) operated by the University of Cambridge Research Computing Service, provided by Dell EMC and Intel using Tier-2 funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (capital grant EP/P020259/1), and DiRAC funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council.


This work was funded by Georgia CTSA Grants TL1TR002382 and UL1TR002378, NASA grant NNX16AT06G, and the Georgia Research Alliance (CRE).


The research leading to these results has received funding from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-111189GB-I00 and CTQ2017-92173-EXP). We are grateful to the UK Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub for computational resources, which is partially funded by EPSRC (EP/P020194/1 and EP/T022213/1).


This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R21AI104166 and R21AI118351. Additional funding was provided by Health Research Inc grant #11009701.


This work was supported by "the National Science Foundation of China" (81800995)


* Research supported by the National Science Foundation.


The authors would like to acknowledge the Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility (KGLMF) and their staff for the continuous support in imaging resources and assistance in image processing and analysis. Special acknowledgement to Dr. Michael Carnell for developing the NoBS algorithm for the analysis of F-actin stress fibers alignment; Dr. Elvis Pandzic for assisting and training V.P. in custom-built MATLAB scripts for the analysis of cell shape, volume; and Dr. Celine Heu for assistance with the AFM; Dr. Chantal Kopecky for assistance in deformability cytometry. V.P. would like to thank the Scientia PhD Scholarship scheme from UNSW for support throughout her doctoral research studies. This work has been supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (MLKT, KAK) and the National Institute of Health (KAK).


Partial financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grants BA 2207/6-1 and INST 90/678-1 FUGG), the European Commission H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (grant 706088) and the Universitätsbund of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.


The authors thank N. Balsara and Z-G. Wang for insightful discussions regarding grain growth in block copolymers, S. Sinha for assistance with MALDI-TOF measurements, and the reviewers for helpful feedback. This work was supported by NSF under DMR-1410568 and DMR-1119826. Facilities use was supported by YINQE. P.G. acknowledges support under DMR-1507409. Additionally, this research used resources of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, which is a U.S.DOE Office of Science Facility, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. de-sc0012704.


We acknowledge members of the NYGC Technology Innovation and Satija labs for critical discussions and support. We thank M. Coppo, S. Fennessey, B. Baysa and S. Pescatore at NYGC for sequencing support. This work was supported by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (HCA-A- 1704-01895, to RS and PS), NIHR21-HG-009748 (to PS), and an NIH New Innovator Award (DP2-HG-009623, to RS).


The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions, which can substantially improve the quality of this work. Ke Liu and Guang Yang have contributed equally to this work and they are co-first authors. This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 61872263), The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (Grant No. 2020-MS-07).


The author is partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0713000) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 315251).


This work was supported by the DFG, project GO 3250/2-1 A.G. and C.G.L..


Thanks to Riccardo Maffucci for being my supervisor in this project, who has been indispensable in every sense. Thanks also to the LMS and Oxford University Math Institute for providing funding for this project. I would also like to thank Zeév Rudnick and R. Heath-Brown for generously answering my questions about their work.


PR, LM, WV acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders under grant agreement number G.0328.16N. LM acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant Agreement 823839 (H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1). NH and LM acknowledge funding from a Concerted Research Action grant from Ghent University under grant agreement number BOF12/GOA/014. EV is a postdoctoral research fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders under grant agreement number 12F0816N. The authors are grateful to all submitters to the PRIDE database for making their proteomics data publicly available.


This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2017-04018 and 2021-03992 to M.H.), the European Research Council (HIGH-GEAR 724394 to M.H.), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (20217.0275 and 2019.0436 to M.H.), and National Institutes of Health grants GM133081 (to K.D.S.), GM117126 (to N.K.S.), GM55302 (to V.K.Y.), GM110501 (to J.Y.) and GM126289 (to J.K.). A.M.O., P.A., and A.Bu. were supported by Diamond Light Source, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), a jointly funded strategic award from the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (102593 to James Naismith), a Wellcome Investigator Award (210734/Z/18/Z to A.M.O.), and a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship (RSWF\R2\182017 to A.M.O.). The DOT instrument used in this research was funded by Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences (to J.K., J.Y., and V.K.Y.). XFEL data was collected under proposal LU50 at LCLS, SLAC, Stanford, USA, and under proposal 2017B8085 at BL2 of SACLA, Japan. The Rayonix detector used at LCLS was supported by the NIH grant S10 OD023453. Use of the LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, BES, under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515.


This study was supported by grants R01EY022161 (VVM), P30EY030413 (VVM), and R35GM118103 (DRC) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York (VVM), Harrington Scholar-Innovator Award from Harrington Discovery Institute (VVM), the Alfred and Kathy Gilman Special Opportunities in Pharmacology Fund (DRC), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation I-1244 (DRC).


The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol
provide core support for ALSPAC. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC
website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). JMA is
supported by the Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health at Cardiff University. REW is supported
by a postdoctoral fellowship from the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2020024). CMAH
is supported by a Philip Leverhulme Prize. This publication is the work of the authors, and JMA will serve
as guarantor for the contents of this paper.


* indicates the corresponding author. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants U20B2051 and U1936214.


This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through the Program "Driving process and mechanism of three dimensional spatial distribution of high risk organic pollutants in multi field coupled sites" (Project Code: 2019YFC1804303) and "Research on Mechanism of Groundwater Exploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas" (Project Code: 20165037412), and the program "Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province" (Project Code: SJKY19_0519, 2019B60214). We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation and the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.


The study was funded by grants from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland (70743) and Moray Endowment Fund. PH was also supported by the University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, part of the cross council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (MR/K026992/1). Funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Medical Research Council (MRC) is gratefully acknowledged.


This work was supported by Grants RFBR 96-02-17497, RFBR 97-02-16829, and INTAS-RFBR 95-302 and by the Programme "Statistical Physics" from the Russian Ministry of Sciences.


This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health AI093533A, HL129795, CA016672, EY007551, EY018239, and the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas RP110166.


Acknowledgments We thank Christoph Haase, Leonid Libkin, and Pascal Bergsträßer for their help during the preparation of this work. Matthew Hague is supported by EPSRC [EP/T00021X/1]. Anthony Lin is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 759969), and by Max-Planck Fellowship. Philipp Rümmer is supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) under grant 2018-04727, and by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) under the project WebSec (Ref. RIT17-0011). Zhilin Wu is partially supported by the NSFC grant No. 61872340, Guangdong Science and Technology Department grant (No. 2018B010107004), and the INRIA-CAS joint research project VIP.


The second author was partially supported by the Graduiertenkolleg 2339 IntComSin of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 321821685. The support is gratefully acknowledged.


This work was done while AM was at Microsoft Research.
AM acknowledges the concurrent support in part by a
grant from the Open Philanthropy Project to the Center
for Human-Compatible AI, and in part by NSF grant
CAREER IIS-1452099.


This project is funded by the Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund Preventative Public Health Research Initiative (2019; GNT1200764). HC is supported by a National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (#102549) and partially by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Project ID CE200100025). BJJ is supported by an Early- Mid Career Researcher Fellowship from The Hospital Research Foundation Group (2022-CF-EMCR-008-QA25323). RB is supported by an Australian Research


Experiments are based on the NAVER Smart Machine Learning NSML [19] platform. This research was partly supported by the Bio \& Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) (No. 2021M3A9E4080782) and the IITP grants [No. RS-2021-II212068; No. RS-2021II211343] funded by the Korean government (MSIT).

Bio & Medical Technology Development Program


This work is supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), discovery grant program, and by the ETS Research Chair on Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging.


We thank D. Black for providing the PTBP1 antibody (Bb7) and for helpful discussions. We also thank W. Li, F. R. Ward, and A. S.-Y. Lee for helpful discussions. This work was funded by a predoctoral fellowship to L.M.A.T. through CAPES Science Without Borders (fellowship P-3-03822) and by grant P50-GM102706 from NIGMS to J.H.D.C.


This work was supported by United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award No. DE-SC0018645 for network synthesis and characterization of tensile, adhesive, and swelling properties.


The first author was partially supported by Conicyt (Programa de Inserción de Capital Humano Avanzado, PAI 79140019). The second author was partially supported by Fondecyt (Grant No. 1141254). The research of the third author has been cofinanced by the European Union (European Social Fund—ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)—Research Funding Program: THALES: Reinforcement of the interdisciplinary and/or inter-institutional research and innovation.


Algorithm development and image analysis for this study were partially supported by the National Institute on Aging (RF1AG051710, R21AG065942, R01AG031581 and P30AG19610), the National Library of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB025032), and the Arizona Alzheimer Consortium. | Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DoD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: Alzheimer's Association; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen Idec Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; GE Healthcare; Innogenetics, N.V.; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.; Medpace, Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Synarc Inc.; and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.


D.A.S. was supported by a GRA Fellowship from the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine. This work was supported by Cornell University startup funds and a Seed Grant from the Cornell University Stem Cell Program to C.E.A.


The authors acknowledge the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship 'Printing the future of space telescopes' under grant # MR/T042230/1 and the advice provided by Patrick Risch (Glassomer) and Markus Demharter (SGL Carbon). N. Yu acknowledges the Royal Society under grant # IEC/R3/213107. | The SICAPRINT prototype presented in Section 2 was printed as part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and development programme under grant agreement # 730890 (OPTICON Work package 5). The design was created through a collaboration of Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and TNO in the Netherlands. C. Atkins acknowledges the support of F. Tenegi-Sanginés and A. Vega-Moreno in providing prototype information. C. Atkins acknowledges the role of N. Yu (co-author) in seeing the potential of the OPTICON prototype and in making the connection with Osaka University.


Funding The project described was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 5U54GM104942-04. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. | The analyses described in this publication were conducted with data or tools accessed through the NCATS N3C Data Enclave covid.cd2h.org/enclave and supported by CD2H - The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) IDeA CTR Collaboration 3U24TR002306-04S2 NCATS U24 TR002306. This research was possible because of the patients whose information is included within the data from participating organizations (covid.cd2h.org/dtas) and the organizations and scientists (covid.cd2h.org/duas) who have contributed to the on-going development of this community resource (cite this https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa196).


This research was supported in part by NSF grants CCF-0448181,CCF-
0552741, ECS-0218207 and ECS-0225448, THECB ARP 010115-0013-2006,
the Office of Naval Research through the Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium and a grant from Freescale Semiconductor Corporation. Wei Wu was also supported by the Hemphill-Gilmore Student Endowed Fellowship through the University of Texas at Austin.


This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) including the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [R03AI133172 to MJM, R03AI139871 to RRK, R01AI153152 to MJM] and the Fogarty International Center (FIC) [D43TW007124 to HMB for the "Emory-Georgia TB Research Training Program", R21TW011157 to MK and MJM]. ADS was supported by a Vanderbilt Emory Cornell Duke (VECD) Global Health Fellowship, funded by the NIH FIC NIH (D43TW009337). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.


This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11721101), and by National Key Research and Development Project SQ2020YFA070080.


We appreciate Craig H. Bailey (Columbia University) for critical reading and suggestions. This work was supported by the grants from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), NRF 2020R1A6A3A01099508 and NRF 2021R1I1A1A01044359 to H.J.K; NRF 2021R1A6A1A10042944 and POSCO TJ Foundation to S.L; NRF 2020M3H1A1075314 and NRF 2021R1A6A3A01087288 to T.Y; NRF RS-2023-00271562 to H.L; KBRI Basic research program (23-BR-01-03) to K.J.L; NRF 2018R1A3B1052079 and RS-2023-00265883 to J.-H.K.


W.H. was supported by the NSF via the TRIPODS program and by Berkeley Institute for Data Science. R.F.B. was partially supported by the NSF via grant DMS-1654076 and by an Alfred P. Sloan fellowship.


The study was supported by Goldsmiths University of London, the British Academy, through grant SG161006, and the German Research Foundation (DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), through project HE 6013/1-2 to MHR. The authors would like to thank two anonimous reviewers for their excellent suggestions, which improved the manuscript considerably.


The authors thank Yoichi Miyawaki, Yasuhito Sawahata, Makoto Takemiya, and Kei Majima for helpful comments on the manuscript; and Mitsuaki Tsukamoto for help with data collection. Guohua Shen for help with implementing codes for generating preferred images. This research was supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI Grant number JP26119536, JP26870935, JP15H05920, JP15H05710, a contract with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications entitled "Novel and innovative R&D making use of brain structures", ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), and the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).


This work was carried out at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, NY.


* Work done when Wenxuan Zhang was an intern at Alibaba. This work was supported by Alibaba Group through Alibaba Research Intern Program, and a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project Codes: 14204418).


We would like to thank EJ Chichilnisky for generously providing data and valuable discussion. We also thank II Memming Park and Jacob Yates for helpful comments. This work was supported by the McKnight Foundation (JWP), the Simons Foundation (SCGB AWD1004351, JWP), an NSF CAREER Award IIS-1150186 (JWP), a grant from the NIMH (MH099611, JWP), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (FR), and a grant from the NIH (EY011850, FR).


This research has been supported by grant TIN2016-77206-R from the Spanish Government, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. IP received a predoctoral grant and RSC a postdoctoral grant from UNED, both co-financed by the Regional Government of Madrid with funds from the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI) of the European Union.


This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 765556.


¹ The author is supported by the Basic Research Foundation of the Israel Academy of Sciences; publication 531. | ² The author is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation


This work is funded through the JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215. The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/8tdj-8n28. AJB acknowledges funding from the "FirstGalaxies" Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 789056). B.E.M. was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellowship. S.C acknowledges support by European Union's HE ERC Starting Grant No. 101040227 - WINGS. FDE and IJ acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced Grant 695671 "QUENCH", and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. DJE is supported as a Simons Investigator and by JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. ST acknowledges support by the Royal Society Research Grant G125142. The research of CCW is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. BER acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215. The authors acknowledge use of the lux supercomputer at UC Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315.


The work of Athanassios Protopapas is partially supported by The Research Council of Norway, Centres of Excellence, Grant 331640.


This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT) ESICMM Grant Number 12016013; the Program for Promoting Research on the Supercomputer Fugaku (DPMSD); the JST-Mirai Program "Development of Materials Design Workflow and Data Library for Materials Foundry," Grant Number JPMJMI18G5; and JSPS KAKENHI Grants 20K05301, JP19H05815 (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas Interface Ionics), and 20K05068, Japan.


This work was supported in part by NSF CCF-1615475,
NSF XPS-1337198 and AFRL FA8750-15-2-0048. Any
opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of grant agencies or
their contractors.


We thank Eli Kranjec, Donghao Ren, Halden Lin, Yannick Assogba, and Fred Hohman for feedback and contributions to the framework design. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE2140739), and by the Carnegie Mellon University Center of Machine Learning and Health.


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 11975072, 11875102 and 11835009), the National SKA Program of China (Grants Nos. 2022SKA0110200 and 2022SKA0110203), Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 21JK0556), and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2023-JC-QN-0077).


This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 81730008, 81770201, 81870153), Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (grant No. 2019C03016, 2018C03016-2, 2021C03010).


This work was supported: Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) grant ID 22759 to G.B.; Italian Association for Cancer Research (A.I.R.C.) grant ID 15255, and Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12368737) to M.F.


This work was supported by the Victorian Cancer Agency (VCA) through which the first author was a recipient of an Early Career Seed Grant


We would like to thank Onur Kesten for helpful comments. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 20K01675 and 22K01402.


Funding: Support for this work was provided by the US National Science Foundation (1511333 to JOD, 1510929 to SPC, 1511996 to BJG, 1511721 to JHC) and the Office of Naval Research (000141712248 to MCL, N00140810654 to JHC). KNL was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE-1745303.


This work was supported by JST PRESTO (Grant No. JPMJPR17N1 for N.A. and JPMJPR16N8 for Y.H.), Grant-in-Aid for JSPS KAKENHI Grant (No. JP20K15252 for N.A.) and JST-ERATO (Grant No. JPMJER1903 for S.M. and Y.H.). The computations were partially performed at the computer cennter of Kyoto University and the HOKUSAI system at RIKEN.


We thank the Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis core facility (BEA) at Karolinska Institute that preformed the sequencing analysis. We thank the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at National Supercomputing Centre (NSC), Linköping University for the computing systems enabling the data handling, partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement N° 2018-05973. The work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) N° 2018-05973 and N° 2018-04246 and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica CONCYTEC and Cienciactiva N° 106-2018-FONDECYT. J.D is a postdoctoral fellow supported through the Medical Infection and Inflammation Center (MIIC) at Linköping University.


*This work was supported by the STW project 15472 of the STW Smart Industry 2016 program


This study received funding from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (number= 4000573) and University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (number= 991523). | We would like to thank Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and University of Mohaghegh Ardabili for funding this study.


This research was supported by the Science Challenge Project (No. TZ2016002) and the National Science Foundation in China (No. 11971041).


Financial support from the DST-SERB, New Delhi (File No. CRG/2021/000308), and infrastructure support from the School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad (Institution of Eminence) are acknowledged with gratitude. AB thanks the Ministry of Education, Government of India, for the award of the Prime Minister's Research Fellowship (PMRF ID: 3700975).


This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61902445, 61872310), partially by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under grant No. 19lgpy222, and partially by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China under Grant 2019A1515011798.


Acknowledgements. The work of the first named author was partially supported by PRIN 2015 Deterministic and Stochastic Evolution equations. The work of the second named author was partially supported by a public grant as part of the Investissement d'avenir project, reference ANR-11-LABX-0056-LMH, LabEx LMH, in a joint call with Gaspard Monge Program for optimization, operations research and their interactions with data sciences.


This work is supported by NSFC (22076122) and Shanghai government (19SG42, 19520710700 and 18230742500).


This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1309604), and the Clinical Nursing Research Fund Project of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University 2017-YHL-03.


The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/ under REA grant agreement \( n^{\circ} 289032 \). This paper however reflects solely the Author’s personal opinion and the Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.


This study was financially supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD09001205). The funders were not involved in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.


This work is part of the grant provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, and Medical Research Council, UK. Award number: BT/IN/DBT-MRC/DIFD/GRB/17/2018-19. | This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellowship/Grant [grant number IA/CPHI/14/1/501499] awarded to Dr. Giridhara R Babu.


This study was supported by the DBT-Center of Excellence grant BT/PR13446/COE/34/30/2015, DST-ECR ECR/2015/000390 and DBT Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship to T.M and Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation (NRF-2014S1A2A2028388 and NRF- 2017R1C1B2007343) to J.S.


This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health DMS/NIGMS award #2054347. The authors thank the Chedin lab, Louxin Zhang and Jian-Rong Yang for helpful discussion.


Acknowledgement: The authors were partially supported by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) project ANR-16-CE40-0015-01.


This work was supported by the German Centre for Rail Traffic Research (DZSF) at the Federal Railway Authority within the project "Explainable AI for Railway Safety Evaluations (XRAISE)" and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant number: PA 1232/15-1.


Acknowledgment: Hemant Raheja, the first author, is grateful to the Ministry of Education, Government of India, for funding the scholarship for this study. The authors acknowledged the National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, for providing various research facilities. | Funding: The Ministry of Education, Government of India, supported this project financially (Grant No. 2K19/NITK/PHD/61900011-Hemant Raheja).


Data collection was funded by a Keele University Faculty of Natural Sciences Research Development award to SMS, JS and NS, and a Kings COVID Appeal Fund award granted jointly to LS, GJR, RA, NS, SMS and JS. NS research is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. NS is a member of King's Improvement Science, which offers co-funding to the NIHR ARC South London and is funded by King's Health Partners (Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kings College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust), and the Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the charities, UK Health Security Agency or the Department of Health and Social Care.


†Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Email: xdzhu@zjnu.edu.cn, Grant numbers: NSFC 11971438, U20A2068, ZJNSFC LD19A010001.


This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81861138048 and No. 71774005) (http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/) and China Medical Board (Grant No. 17-270) (https://chinamedicalboard.org/). The funders had no role in study


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860465 and 8216110588).


This study was funded by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), grant no.: ANSES-21-EST-050, as well as the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the "Investissements d'Avenir" program (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Lab of Excellence ARBRE), the project "Des Hommes et Des Arbres" (DHDA) supported by the French government through its program "Plan d'Investissement d'Avenir - Territoire d'Innovation", and the Metropole du Grand Nancy (grant no. 7434).


The second author wishes to thank Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where the idea of this paper births, for financial support and the warm hospitality.


Funding: The work was supported by research grants to CGK (SNF PP00P3_157520, Gottfried and Julia Bangerter-Rhyner Stiftung, Olga Mayenfisch Stiftung and Swiss Life Jubiläumsstiftung).


We acknowledge the CINECA award under the ISCRA ini-
tiative, for the availability of high-performance computing
resources and support. This work has been conducted un-
der two research grants, one co-funded by Leonardo S.p.A.
and the other co-funded by Altilia s.r.l., and supported by
the PNRRM4C2 project "FAIR - Future Artificial Intel-
ligence Research", funded by the European Commission,
and by the PNRR project "Italian Strengthening of Esfri
RI Resilience" (ITSERR) funded by the European Union
- NextGenerationEU (CUP B53C22001770006).


This project is funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 646804-ERC-COG-BNYQ. K.V.M. acknowledges partial support via Lady Davis Postdoctoral Fellowship and Andrew and Erna Finzi Viterbi Postdoctoral Fellowship.


The authors gratefully acknowledge the finances support provided by The National Natural Science Fund (grant no. 41974148). | This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 41974148, Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program, grant number 2020SK2135, Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Project of Transport Department of Hunan Province, grant number 202012 and Zhejiang 2020 Transportation Science and Technology Plan Project, grant number 2020041. The APC was funded by 41974148.


This research has benefited from the financial support of IDEXLYON from Université de Lyon (project INDEPTH) within the Programme Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-16-IDEX-0005) and the SFR "Mathématiques de la décision pour l'ingénierie physique et sociale" (MODMAD).


Víctor Sánchez-Gaya is supported by a doctoral fellowship from the University of Cantabria (Spain). Work in the Rada-Iglesias laboratory is supported by the EMBO Young Investigator Programme, grant PGC2018-095301-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", grant RED2018-102553-T (REDEVNEURAL 3.0) funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033, grant ERC CoG "PoisedLogic" (862022) funded by the European Research Council and grant "ENHPATHY" H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019-860002 funded by the European Commission.


Funding for this research was provided by the ESRC Secondary Data Analysis Initative, Grant Number ES/K004433/1.


This work has been supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2021JJ30987), Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province, China (2020sk 2056) and Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Central South University (Grant No. CX20220369).


This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0303403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61674058, 61574058).


This publication was made possible by NPRP grant 8-519- 1-108 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the author(s).


W.L. and N.S. are partially supported by BSF grant no. 2018230. T.B. and D.E. are partially supported by BSF grant no. 2020159. T.B. and N.S are partially supported by the NSF-BSF award 2019752. T.B. is also supported in part by the ISF grant no. 1924/21. D.E. is supported by Simons Collaboration grant 708560. W.L. is partially supported by NSF award IIS-1837992.


The design of this study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2017M3A9E8049714, 2017M3A9E8033205, 2019M3A9E8020536), South Korea


Funding: This study was supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Innovative Drug Discovery and Development Project from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (grant number: 21nf0101636h0001). The funding source played no role in the analysis, interpretation, or writing of this manuscript.


We thank Hsuan-Chi Liu, Chin-Kun Fu, and Shih-Yao Mao for helping with participant recruitment and experiment preparation. We also thank Felix B. Kern and Amit Yaron for proofreading. This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan (to Y.T.H), Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Taiwan (MOST 106-2420-H-002 -008-MY2 and MOST 109-2410-H-002-106-MY3) (to C.W), and World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan (to Z.C.C.).


The research is partly supported by NIH grants U01HG011720, U01DA052713, and P50HD103573.


The authors's work has been supported by the Collaborative Research Center "Statistical modeling of nonlinear dynamic processes" (SFB 823) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).


Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the European Research Council grant number 307617 (Bennett), JSPS Research Activity Start-up no. 26887008 and JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists A no. 16H05995 (Bez), and NRF Republic of Korea no. 2015R1A2A2A05000956 (Lee). The authors would also like to thank the anonymous referee for their helpful comments on the first draft of the paper.


This work was supported by NIH NCI Cancer Center Support grant P30 CA008748 (R.K.H.), NIGMS R01-GM13230704 (R.K.H.), NCI F31-CA243235 (N.P.), the Searle Scholars Program (R.K.H.) and the Josie Robertson Investigators Program (R.K.H.).


DJA's and GH's contribution was funded a grant from the National Library of Medicine, "Discovering and applying knowledge in clinical databases" (R01 LM006910). MS's contribution was funded by by C.S. Draper Laboratory, Inc. grant number SC001 - 0000000642. We'd like to thank Professor Sato for discussions and the invitation, and NOLTA for hosting the conference.


The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52303163), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2022A1515110026)


This study is based upon a work supported in part by the Science and Engineering Research Board of the Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. EMR/2016/000362) and Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS Grant No. 58/14/18/2020) to GNP. NBB and SS thank CSIR India and DST-INSPIRE, respectively, for the research fellowship. MK is supported by the Women Scientists Scheme of the Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. SR/WOS-A/CS-18/2019).


This work was supported by EPSRC grants EP/R014604/1 and EP/T031077/1. X.C. is supported by Bristol-CSC joint program.


EPM is sponsored by CAPES and would like to thank CAPES for all their

support during her PhD. JCR is supported by an EPSRC Leadership Fel-
lowship EP/G007470/1.


Funding statement. This research was funded in part by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP150101158) awarded to the Carolyn MacCann and Amirali Minbashian.


This work is funded in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 392214008, and by the Bavarian Cooperative Research Program of the Free State of Bavaria - DIK-2002-0013//DIK0114/02.


This research was supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Tsinghua University.


This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. RRB, PF, and MSF also acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research under grant numbers PE 0601153N, N00014-20-1-2071, and ONR-005722, respectively, as part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Departmental Research Initiative.


The second author was partially supported by NSF grants CMMI-1052750 (formerly 0928154), CMMI-1234100 and DMS 1407504.


We would like to thank Mark Behrens, Andrew Blumberg, Emanuele Dotto, Jeremy Hahn, Kristian Moi, Irakli Patchkoria, Dylan Wilson, Inna Zakharevich, and Mingcong Zeng for helpful discussions. The authors were partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1547292. J.S. was also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC 2044-390685587, Mathematics Münster: Dynamics-Geometry-Structure.


We thank funding support from National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant 2015-67017- 23142) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (agreement no. 58-8050-4-003). The funding sources were not involved in the study design, conduct of the study, or collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data or in the preparation or review of the manuscript and had no right to approve or disapprove of the submitted manuscript. | Supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant 2015-67017- 23142 from National Institute of Food and Agriculture to SLF, Clinical and Translational Science Awards UL1TR002544 from National Institutes of Health to Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreement no. 58-8050-4-003 to Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging.


* This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022JBMC013), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61976017 and 61601021), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4202056). Shunli Zhang is the corresponding author.


This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 71961012), National Key R&D Program Project of China (Grant number 2017YFC0803906) and Independent Technology Project of the Company (Grant number ZL-2021-01).


This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number: 094597/Z/10/Z).
The authors declare no competing interests.


This work was supported by JST CREST (Grant Number JPMJCR1689), JST AIP-PRISM (Grant Number JPMJCR18Y4), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Grant Number JP18H04908), and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP22K07681).


Funding: This research was funded by Ministerio Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 "ERDF A way of making Europe", Spain) grant number PID2020-118821RB-I00, awarded to L.P. and B.J., and Consejeria de Ciencia, Universidades e In-novacion de la CAM (Madrid, Spain) reference PEJ-2021-AI/BMD-22698 awarded to B.J. and A.I.G-A.


Nakagawa, Daiji Suzuki, and member of T-PRIMAL for their valuable comments. S.T. is partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists Start-up (21840021) from the JSPS, MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (22340111), and the "Open Research Center" Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT. R.T. is partly supported by Global COE Program "the Physical Sciences Frontier", MEXT, Japan. The computation in the present work was performed on computers at the Supercomputer Center, Institute for Solid State Physics and University of Tokyo and at Taisuke Sato's group, Tokyo Institute of Technology.


R. Konda (rkonda@ucsb.edu), R. Chandan, D. Grimsman and J. R. Marden are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. This work is supported by ONR Grant #N00014-20-1-2359 and AFOSR Grant #FA9550-20-1-0054.


The work of K. Cumanan and A. G. Burr was supported by H2020- MSCA-RISE-2015 under grant number 690750. In addition, the work on which this paper is based was carried out in collaboration with COST Action CA15104 (IRACON).


This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB517901) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81974217\No.81601197).


Dr. Wei Lin is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant no. 2018YFC0116600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 11925103), and by the STCSM (Grant no. 18DZ1201000). The authors thank Sara Barton for editing the manuscript and the Texas Advanced Computing Center for computation support.


Research partially supported by NSF grant and DMS-1541126 and by the Stefan Bergman trust


This work has been supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 4210050250, 42075015, 41875114).


The first author was supported in part by Grant No. 96050219 from School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM). The first author was additionally financially supported by the Center of Excellence for Mathematics at the University of Isfahan.


This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) under the Silicon Consortium Project directed by Brian Cunningham and managed by Anthony Burrell. Project conception, chemical synthesis, LIB fabrication and characterization were conducted at NREL. TEM and EDS mapping data were conducted at PNNL. SEM, EDS mapping, and XPS data were collected and analyzed at URI. The LFP electrode used in this manuscript are from Argonne's Cell Analysis, Modeling and Prototyping (CAMP) Facility, which is fully supported by the DOE VTO. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.


The author is supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (DMS-2303242).


Acknowledgments—This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant EP/R020205/1 to Alain Goriely and by the National Science Foundation grant CMMI 1727268 to Ellen Kuhl. A.G. gratefully acknowledges a discussion with Tuomas Knowles.


*We gratefully acknowledge partial support from the projects MEGABIT – Università degli Studi di Catania, PIAno di inCEntivi per la RIcerca di Ateneo 2020/2022 (PIACERI), Linea di intervento 2.


Acknowledgments. This work is supported in part by the Army Research Office (ARO) under the SLICE Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives (MURI) Program, award W911NF1810327, and in part by ONR grant N00014-16-1-2817, a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship held by the second author, sponsored by the Basic Research Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful conversations with Yuliy Baryshnikov, William Clark, George Council, Timothy Greco, Rohit Gupta, and Eugene Lerman. We owe special gratitude to Clark for carefully reading the manuscript and making suggestions which improved its quality, and to Gupta for bringing relevant references to our attention. Finally, we thank the two anonymous referees for useful suggestions.


We are grateful to Volker Staiger for cell tracing as well as technical support, to Michael Myoga for helping to build one in vitro setup and to Pieter Goltstein for software. This study was supported by the Max Planck Society and the German Research Foundation (DFG, the Collaborative Research Center SFB870_A08, reference number 118803580; V.S. and M.H.).


Acknowledgements: This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11671350 and No.11571173).


This research was supported by AMS Springboard (SBF007\100077) to JJ. AAH has received funding from the Medical Research Council, UK (Grant MR/T005580/1) and National Institute of Health/NIA, USA (Grant 1R56AG074467-01). She has received honoraria from Biogen, Eisai, and Lilly for advisory consultations and teaching related to Alzheimer's disease.


This work was supported by grants and fellowships from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (G.S. #1058892, L. H. and N.B. #1037321, #1129033, #1080887, A.L. and G.S. #1054618, R.A. and T.J. #1049307, #1100451, T.J. #1124081) and the Australian Research Council (R.A. #130100541). This study was made possible through Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support and Australian Government NHMRC Independent Research Institute Infrastructure Support scheme.


The authors acknowledge UNAB and ANID/CONICYT Ph.D. scholarships awarded to C. G. and L. A.-H., respectively. We also are indebted to the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (FONDECYT-ANID, Chile) for the continuous financial and academic support provided through Project Nos. 1221383 (PP), and 1181582 and 1231018 (EC).


This research was supported by several sources, via grants to the senior author, for which the authors are grateful: Air Force Office of Scientific Research USA (FA9550-18-1-0054), Office of Naval Research USA (N00178-16-P-0087), the Canada Research Chairs Program (950-231659), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2016-05352), and the NSERC Canadian Field Robotics Network (NETGP-417354-11).


This author's work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (Grant No. PolyU 501909, 502510, 502111 and 501212). | This author's work was done when visiting The Hong Kong Polutechnic University and supported by Jiangsu NSF (No.).


Funding: The study received partial funding from Novartis Pharma, Germany.


M.J.M and A.M.S are PostDoc fellows of the AstraZeneca R&D PostDoc Program. G.O is a member of the AstraZeneca R&D graduate programme. This work was conducted within the Industrial Research Centre, FoRmulaEx-Nucleotide Functional Drug Delivery, and with associated financial support to E.K.E from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF, grant No. IRC15-0065). We thank Erik Oude Blenke for the formulation of β-sitosterol containing LNPs.

Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)


Acknowledgements: This research was funded by ERC grant KINSHIP awarded to LMD.


This work has been performed in Knowledge Space Lab project, a Strategiefonds project of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). The data processing has been performed in collaboration with BigGrid-NL, based on a grant of NWO (project "Emergence of category systems in knowledge spaces - the WIKI case"). We would like to thank in particular Tom Visser, Coen Schrijvers and Ammar Benabadelkader from the BigGrid team for their support. This research has been also supported by the COST action network MP0801 "Physics of competition and conflicts".


This study was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31722006) and Key Research Program of Fujian Province (2018NZ0002).


This work was supported by NSF grant (DMS-1854770) of Dr. Arsuaga, NIH R01 (NS083702) of Dr. Luo, and R34 (NS118411) of Drs. Ding and Luo.


Acknowledgments: This work was supported by funding from the Austrian Science Fund-FWF (Grant No. P34783). No funding sources had any role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit.


BMN and TBHG were supported by Aidsfonds (P-11118), European Research Council, Advanced grant (670424). BML is supported by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (grant no. 20150822023688). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Funding This research was financially supported by the Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, IGA (Project No. 20205006), and the institutional project of the Crop Research Institute (MZE-R00418). BP gratefully acknowledges the Gene Bank CGIAR Research Programme and the CGIAR Research Programme on Roots, Tubers, and Bananas (RTB), and the Directorate-General for Development, Belgium (DGD) for financial support of the project 'Safeguarding vegetatively-propagated crop diversity to nourish people now and in the future'.


We thank the funding support from Michigan Soybean Promotion Committee, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch project 1011788) and AgBioResearch at Michigan State University (Project No. MICL02013). We are also thankful to the Overseas Training Program for Young-Backbone Teachers of Hebei Agricultural University to WL. We are also thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), India, for providing Raman Postdoctoral Fellowship (5-20/2016(IC)) to SHW. We also thank PJC, ZW, YB, RT, and SZ for their help in creating and maintaining the mapping populations.


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61805129), the Science and Technology Project of Shanxi province (No.201801D221161).


We thank Dr. Nathaniel Lim for the expansion of the DE prior ranking (manuscript in preparation), first generated in Crow et al. (2019). We also thank Dr. Marine Louarn, who has managed the update of the resource of curated regulatory interactions (Chu et al., 2021). This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant MH111099 (https://www.nih.gov/) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant RGPIN-2016-05991 (https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/), both held by PP. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. AM had funding support from CIHR-CGS, NSERC CREATE, and IMH Marshall Scholars programs.


Part of this work was supported by the Collaborative Research Project of Materials and Structures Laboratory of Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, MEXT, Japan.


This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52075058), Chongqing Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation (No. CYS21003) and the whole process green manufacturing process innovation and application project of large and complex aviation die forgings (No. 2018272106).


Acknowledgements: We thank Piotr Koniusz and Lei Wang for sharing their implementation of Fisher vector encoding. This work was supported in part by the Inria associate team GAYA, and by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Interior/Interior Business Center (DOI/IBC) contract number D17PC00345. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes not withstanding any copyright annotation theron.
Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied of IARPA, DOI/IBC or the U.S. Government.


The first author is supported by NSF grant DMS-0649473 and by a Simons Investigator Award. The second author is supported by ISF grant 407/12. The second author was on sabbatical at Stanford at the time this work was carried out; she would like to thank the Stanford math department for its hospitality and support.


The authors would like to thank Sabrina Linden (University of Bonn, Germany) for technical assistance. Financial support by the University of Bonn is gratefully acknowledged.


The work at the University of Houston was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (CHE-2102506) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (E-1337). The work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programme, 20220047DR. The work at Georgia Tech was funded by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1904293).


Much of the work presented in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41907259), Research Center of Rock-Soil Drilling & Excavation and Protection (202208, 220215) and Scientific Foundation of Hubei Provincial Education Department (Q20202701).


This study is supported by the NIH R01 DK123733 to M.A-M, A.L, and A.K and the NIH R01AA029859 to A.K and M.A-M. Additional support was provided by the R24AA026801 to A.K and R01AG062383, R01AG062383-04S1, R01NS117458, R01AI165079, and R21AI170166 to M.A-M. M.A-M is also funded by Penn Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI 045008) and the NIH-funded BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory to cure HIV-1 infection (1UM1AI126620). The Wistar Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource is supported in part by NIH Cancer Center Support Grant CA010815. The Thermo Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer was purchased with NIH grant S10 OD023586. This research was also supported in part by philanthropic funding from Mr. and Mrs. Larry Field, Mr. and Mrs. Glass, Mrs. Marcia and Mr. Silas Keehn, the Sklar Family, the Johnson Family, and Mr. Harlan Berk to A.K.


This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Access to the GHMFL through the European Commission Program ("Transnational Access - Specific Support Action" Program - Contract n° RITA-CT-2003-505474) is acknowledged.


This work was supported by the Department of Energy under grant no. DE-SC0022389. | This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of SBIR/STTR Programs under Award Number DE-SC0022389.


This work was supported by: Wellcome Strategic Awards 091911/B/10/Z and 107457/Z/15/Z) to ID, a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (081858) to ID; a Wellcome Investigator Award (209412/Z/17/Z) to ID; a John Fell Fund Award 141/020 to ID ; an EPSRC IAA grant EP/K503769/1 to MJB.


David Huepe is supported by an ANID/FONDECYT Regular (1231117) research grant. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of this institution.


This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515012103), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870222, 32070813).


This publication was made possible by the PDRA award PDRA7-060621012 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation) and Qatar University Internal Grant No. IRCC-2023-237. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.


This work has been funded by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund supported Plant Phenotyping and Imaging Research Centre (P2IRC).


Acknowledgements. We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) under the fellowship ANID Becas/Doctorado Nacional, #21220337 (LNMR-R), Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN12_009 (LNM-R, FEB), CATA-BASAL - FB210003 (LNM-R, FEB), and FONDECYT Regular - #1200495 (LNM-R, FEB); the Vicerrectoría de Investigación of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile under the fellowship Stay of Doctoral Co-tutelage Abroad, leading to double degree; the Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión de la Universidad Industrial de Santander under project 2494 (JCBP); and the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, through contract No. 451-03-9/2024-14/200002 (MS). We thank Sebastian Höning, Paolo Padovani and Christine Done for useful comments, valuable discussions and suggestions on the implementation of CAT3D-WIND, KD18 and synchrotron emission models. We thank David W Hogg and Luis A. Núñez for their support during the initial phases of the project.


Acknowledgements: This research was funded by Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System, grant number SDAIT-21-06 Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010606).


This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China Grant (11401459) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2015JM1010).


This work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grant numbers R01EB025468, R01CA224140, and R01CA275188.


*Corresponding author. † The first two authors contributed equally to this work. This work was partially supported by NSFC (62301432,62306240), NSBRPS (2023-JC-QN-0685, QCYRCXM-2023-057).


This work was supported by the International Cooperation & Education Program (NCCRI•NCCI 52210-52211, 2020) of the National Cancer Center, Korea, and grants from the National Cancer Center, Korea (1910330) and National Research Foundation of Korea (2021R1A2C2008439).

International Cooperation & Education Program (NCCRI•NCCI)


This project was funded by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grants R01MH123184 and R37MH057881.


Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) provided funding to Satoshi Taniguchi under grant numbers 15K21645 and 11J02534. JSPS provided funding to Masayuki Shimojima under grant number 16K08041. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) provided funding to Masayuki Saijo under grant numbers 19fk0108072j0002. | assistance. This research was supported by Grant-in-aids from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (15K21645, 11J02534, and 16K08041).


We thank John Close, Andrew White and André Carvalho for enlightening discussions. This research was conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (project number CE110001027) and Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (Project number CE110001013).


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82071119, 82071142).


This study was supported by the Guiding Project of Science and Technology Plan of the Science and Technology Bureau, Fujian province, China (2017D0016), by the Youth Research Fund from Fujian Provincial Health Bureau (Grant 2018-2-65), and the Fund from Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant 2018J01393).


The study was financially supported by the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (grant number 017/2562). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; or the writing of the manuscript.


The work of OL and ADP was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Grant LE 838/13. The work of RJS was partially supported by the Consolidated Grant ST/L000334/1 from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was completed while RJS was visiting the Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics in Bonn during the 2014 Trimester Program "Noncommutative Geometry and its Applications"; he would like to thank Alan Carey, Victor Gayral, Matthias Lesch, Walter van Suijlekom and Raimar Wulkenhaar for the invitation, and all the staff at HIM for the warm hospitality.


This material is based in part upon work supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): Tübingen AI Center, FKZ: 01IS18039B; by the Machine Learning Cluster of Excellence, EXC number 2064/1 – Project number 390727645; by a National Science Foundation award (#2306372); by a Swiss National Science Foundation award (#201009) and a Responsible AI grant by the Haslerstiftung. The usage of OpenAI credits are largely supported by the Tübingen AI Center.


Acknowledgment. This study is supported under the RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) Funding Initiative, as well as cash and in-kind contribution from the industry partner(s). It is also supported by Singapore MOE AcRF Tier 2 (MOET2EP20221-0001) and the NTU NAP Grant.


This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant "Eudaimonic emotions and the (meta-)philosophy of well-being".


This work was supported by les Ministères de L'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Santé Publique de la République tunisienne and by NPRP grant #09-344-3-082 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).


Observatory (ForestGEO) Plot Project. This project was supported by a Webster Groves Nature Study Society (WGNSS) Bo Koster Scholarship to ACW, George Hayward Plant Biology Graduate Fellowship to ACW, Maxwell/Hanrahan Foundation Field Work Grant from the Missouri Botanical Garden to ACW, National Science Foundation grants DEB 1557094 and DEB 2240431 to JAM, the International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, ForestGEO, Washington University in St. Louis' Provost's Office, and Tyson Research Center.


We thank Jonathan Webber for flow sorting, Tal Arnon and Peter McGill (University of Oxford) for providing mice and Lynn Dustin (University of Oxford) for providing Daudi cells. Funding for this work was provided by the Wellcome Trust (211072/Z/18/Z), Cancer Research UK/Versus Arthritis (C70663/A29547), the Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, and the US National Institutes of Health (HL118979). Flow cytometry and microscopy facilities were supported by the Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research through the Cell Dynamics Platform. We thank the Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford for providing microscope facility support.


*Work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0604056, by the "ex-60%" funds of the Universities of Padova and Verona, and by the INdAM-GNCS.


*C.M.V.O., M.T.T.K., and B.F.T. were supported by MITRE's Financial Innovation Lab. E.R.C. was supported by the MITRE PhD Fellowship in Computational Finance within the Complex Systems Center at the University of Vermont.


This work was supported in part by United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants EB008374, EB006733, and AG053867. Y. Huang was supported by the China Scholarship Council and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 6210011424.


This work was supported by the (1) Startup funding for MM though Guangxi University. (2) National Natural Science Foundation of China (#32260333) to MM. (3) National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31860600) to JY for fieldwork. (4) Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (#YCBZ2021008) to TRM and CB for research work. These funding bodies played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or in the writing of the manuscript.


Acknowledgements L. Cerrigone acknowledges the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for funding through the SAO Predoctoral Fellowship Program. | This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, operated by Jet Propulsion Laboratory under NASA contract 1407. | The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO.


The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH122010; MPI Quinn and Voisin).


The authors would like to acknowledge seminar invitations from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California, San Diego, Brown University, and the Innovative Genomics Institute (University of California, Berkeley), where iterations of the ideas in this manuscript were discussed. The authors acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health grants R35GM136354 (M.D.S. and RMH) and R01AI168166 (M.D.S. and C.B.O.), R35GM147107 (R.F.G.), and the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology Award Number 2142719 (C.B.O.). The authors would also like to thank the Martin Luther King Jr Visiting Professors and Scholars Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for support (C.B.O.). The authors would like to thank the organizers and participants in the 2022 workshop entitled "Reimagining the Central Dogma" at The Foundations Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, where ideas related to those covered in this manuscript were discussed. Lastly, the authors would like to thank K. Kabengele and S. Scarpino for helpful feedback on the manuscript.


The present research is part of the activities of "Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027", MUR, Italy, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano. R. Piersanti and L. Dede' have received support from the project PRIN2022, MUR, Italy, 2023-2025, 202232A8AN "Computational modeling of the heart: from efficient numerical solvers to cardiac digital twins". F. Regazzoni has received support from the project PRIN2022, MUR, Italy, 2023-2025, P2022N5ZNP "SIDDMs: shape-informed data-driven models for parametrized PDEs, with application to computational cardiology". The authors acknowledge their membership to INdAM GNCS - Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico (National Group for Scientific Computing, Italy). This project has been partially supported by the INdAM-GNCS Project CUP E53C22001930001.


We acknowledge technical support from P. Sénat, D. Duet, P.-F. Orfila and S. Delprat, and are grateful for fruitful discussions within the Quantronics group. We acknowledge IARPA and Lincoln Labs for providing the Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier. Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 765267 (QuSCO) and No. 792727 (SMERC). E.F. acknowledges support from the ANR grant DARKWADOR:ANR-19-CE47-0004. We acknowledge support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the Chaire Industrielle NASNIQ under contract ANR-17-CHIN-0001 cofunded by Atos and through the project MIRESPIN under contract ANR-19-CE47-0011, and of the Region Ile-de-France through the DIM SIRTEQ (REIMIC project). This work was supported by the ANR-Hong Kong RGC Joint Scheme (ANR- 17-CHIN-0001 and A-CUHK403/15). S.L. was supported by the Impact Postdoctoral Fellowship of CUHK. S.B. thanks the support of the CNRS research infrastructure RENARD (FR 3443).


S. C. S and J. B. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (EP/M0138/1, EP/M013812/1 and EP/S023259/1), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 866402) and the National Research Council of Canada through the Materials for Clean Fuels Challenge Program. S. C. S. acknowledges Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship | H2020-MSCA-IF-2019 (896637). A. P. thanks supports from the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in the Advanced Characterisation of Materials (grant number EP/L015277/1), and the Imperial College London SPIN-Lab (equipment grant number: EP/P030548/1) with Dr. Irena Nevjestic (equipment grant number: EP/P030548/1) and Surface Analysis Lab with Dr. Sarah Fearn. Maria-Magdalena Titirici acknowledges the Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies Fellowship. A.B acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation (grant number CF21-0114).


Y. Yang's laboratory was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant: 81874301), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University (Grant: DUT22YG122) and the Key Research project of 'be Recruited and be in Command' in Liaoning Province (Personal Target Discovery for Metabolic Diseases).


This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72140002).


Acknowledgements. This project was supported by Chist-Era EPSRC IPALM EP/S032398/1 grant.


Funding: This study was supported by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) from NIH grant (AG064338-01) to S.K.P.


The authors would like to thank Pratik Chaudari for valuable conversations as well as funding by NSF Grant No. DGE-1321851 and the Intel Science and Technology Center for Wireless Autonomous Systems. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.


J.D.H. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation. N.S.G. acknowledges financial support from the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR) Fellows program. We acknowledge support of the IGI LGR ERA, GlaxoSmithKline, and Citris/Banatao Seed Funding. We acknowledge support of a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (CASI) (to M.P.L.), a Dreyfus foundation award (to M.P.L.), an NIH MIRA award (to M.P.L.), an NSF CAREER award (to M.P.L), an NSF CGEM award (to M.P.L.), a FFAR Young Investigator award (to M.P.L.), a CZI investigator award (to M.P.L), a Sloan Foundation Award (to M.P.L.), a and Moore Foundation Award (to M.P.L.). M.P.L. is a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub investigator, a Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute Investigator, and an IGI Investigator. R.L.P. acknowledges support from the Schmidt Science Fellows program, in partnership with the Rhodes Trust. Efforts to apply XSI for studying ssDNA on SWCNTs are supported in part by National Cancer Institute grants Structural Biology of DNA Repair (SBDR) CA092584 and CA220430. XSI data was collected at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) beamline SIBYLS which is supported by the DOE-BER IDAT DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NIGMS ALS-ENABLE (P30 GM124169 and S10OD018483). This work benefited from the use of the SasView application, originally developed under NSF award DMR- 0520547. SasView contains code developed with funding from the European Union's | Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the SINE2020 project, grant agreement No 654000. We thank the staff at the University of California, Berkeley Electron Microscope Laboratory for advice and assistance in electron microscopy sample preparation and data collection. Additional electron microscopy was conducted at the National Center for Electron Microscopy at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Molecular graphics and analyses performed with UCSF Chimera, developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco, with support from NIH P41GM103311. We would like to acknowledge the use of medical clipart from BioRender.com. Thank you to Dr. Daniel Murray, Dr. Lee Joon Kim, Dr. Abraham Beyene, Dr. James Holton, Dr. Andrew Crothers, and Dr. Michal Hammel for their helpful feedback and editing of this manuscript. Thank you to Brandon Russel for enabling remote modeling operations. Thank you to Elizabeth Voke for making this long-distance project possible by always being ready to send images of written lab notebooks during the manuscript writing process.


Acknowledgments We acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52174088). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their constructive suggestions which greatly improve the quality of this paper. | Funding This research received no external funding.


This work was supported by pump-prime funding from ANTI-VeC (AV-PP20), a BBSRC/GCRF Network Grant. We are extremely grateful to Helen Williams and members of the Liverpool Insect Testing Establishment (LITE), in particular James Court and Amy Guy, and their expertise in rearing large populations of An. funestus colonies, which made this project a lot easier than it could have been. Matt Craske provided excellent technical assistance in the breeding of transgenic lines. We are also grateful to Leon Mugenzi, Andrew Hammond, Linta Grigoraki and Kyros Kyrou for helpful discussions on initial optimisation of injection technique and DNA cloning protocols.


This research was supported by the Institute for Quantum Matter, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0019331. The single crystal diffraction work at Weiwei Xie's group was supported by U.S. DOE-BES under Contract DE-SC0022156.


We are very grateful to Dr. Maxime Vitale and Dr. Laurence Grimaud (Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris) for very helpful discussion and their help in the recording of the cyclic voltammetry study. ST thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for her PhD fellowship. We also gratefully acknowledge the ANR (ANR-20-CE07-0020; "ELMER"), the Université Paris-Saclay and the CNRS for financial support.


This work was carried out when LR was with the Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics, WWU Münster. MB and RE acknowledge partial support by the German Science Foundation (DFG) via SFB 656, Subproject B2, and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), WWU Münster, Germany.


The authors would like to acknowledge CNPq (309080/2015-0 and 434955/2018-3), FAPERJ (E-26/203.001/2017, E-26/010.101118/2018, and E-26010.001424/2019), and the CAPES PRINT Program (88881.310460/2018-01) for financial support. Milena D. Lessa was supported by a research fellowship from the MIDAS INCT.


This study was supported by the Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) within the framework of the Program 137-ANTAVIA (PI: CLB), by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco with additional support from the LIA-647 and RTPI-NUTRESS (CSM/CNRS-UNISTRA), by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) through the Programme Zone Atelier de Recherches sur l'Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique (ZATA). The study was approved by the French ethics committee (last: APAFIS#29338-2020070210516365) and the French Polar Environmental Committee, and permits to handle animals and access breeding sites were delivered by the "Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises" (TAAF). JRP is supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101068395 - 'Poly2Adapt'. SG was supported by PNRA16_00099 and PNRA16_00234. ET was supported by PNRA_16 00164 ("Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide". Bando PNRA 5 aprile 2016, n. 651. – Linea B "Genomica degli adattamenti estremi alla vita in Antartide"). Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the HPC clusters at the Department of Life and Environmental Sciences ("HappyComputing@DiSVA"), Marche Polytechnic University, and the Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara.


Alcoa Foundation funded development of this methodology and part of RVL's time. RVL's time was also funded by University of Queensland through a strategic grant. Data and results can be accessed through The University of Queensland's e-space.


Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS092597 to M.M, K12NS098482-02 to J.K.K., R01NS034774 to J.H.), NIH Director's Pioneer Award (DP1NS111132 to M.M.), Kleberg Foundation, Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute (to M.M. and J.K.K.), Bio-X Institute (to M.M. and J.K.K.), Cancer Research UK (to M.M.), American Epilepsy Society and CURE Epilepsy Foundation (to J.K.K.). The authors wish to thank Michelle Fogerson, Jordan Sorokin, Austin Reese and Christopher Makinson for their guidance on performing and analyzing rodent EEG. The authors also thank Dr. Steve Chinn at Stanford Children's Health for his assistance with ethosuximide experiments.


This study was funded and supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC IG 20541). | This work was supported by the Myeloma Solutions Fund (MSF), Paula and Rodger Riney Multiple Myeloma Research Program Fund, the Tow Foundation, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center NCI Core Grant (P30 CA 240139). | FM is supported by the American Society of Hematology (ASH), Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS), and by International Myeloma Society (IMS). | N.B. Is supported by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC Investigator Grant n. 25739) and by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 817997)

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)


The research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) — 380258175. The research was also partially conducted in the framework of the DFG-funded research training group "GRK 2240: Algebro-Geometric Methods in Algebra, Arithmetic and Topology".


This study was supported by the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2019B21201005) and the NSFC-Guangdong Province Union Funds (U1701246). We thank the reviewers for their nice and considerate comments on our manuscript.


We would like to express our gratitude to all the individuals and organizations that have contributed to this study. We appreciate the expertise and guidance provided by our colleagues and reviewers who have contributed to the development of this study. This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (grant number: JP-MEERF20224003), the 2023 Sophia University Young Researchers (PJPD) Research Fund (project title: Application of citizean science data in conservation and utility of national parks), and 2022 Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Excellent Overseas Students (grant number: 51211039).


We thank Önder Askin for proofreading and valuable comments. This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the projects BI-FOLD (FKZ01IS18025B) and DataChainSec (FKZ16KIS1700). Furthermore, the authors acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC 2092 CASA-390781972 and by the Helmholtz Association (HGF) within topic "46.23 Engineering Secure Systems".


The author would like to thank Kazuhiro Sakai for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 19K03845.


M.N. enjoyed fruitful and constructive discussions with Jong-Sun Park and Timo Pitkänen, and was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 42074194). Y.M. was supported by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute under the R&D program (2022-1-850-09) supervised by the Ministry of Science and ICT. N.P. was supported by the Norwegian Research Council (NRC) under CoE contract 223252. Q.Q.S. was supported by NSFC 41731068, 41961130382, and 41974189, and also supported from International Space Science Institute, Beijing (ISSI-BJ). We thank George K. Parks for providing the Polar UVI data and Kan Liou for processing the data.


This work was supported in part by NSERC of Canada.


This research was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office grants NK-104481 and K-134370 to I.K. and K-128117 to B.R. and by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities in Hungary within the framework of the neurology thematic program of Semmelweis University.


This work was supported by Collaborative Research Fund (Ref: C4032-21GF), Group Research Scheme (Ref: 3110146) and Health Care and Promotion Scheme (Ref: 02180118).


strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). N. Macaisne was supported by an ANR contract (grant ANR-19- CE13-0015), L. Bellutti was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM). This work was supported by CNRS and University Paris Cité, by NIH R01GM117407 and R01GM130764 (JC. Canman), and by grants from the European Research Council consolidator grant (ERC-CoG) ChromoSOMe grant 819179 and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-19-CE13-0015 (J. Dumont).


The second author was supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF grants P 30405 and P 34180. We thank Audie Warren for his helpful comments.


the Zebrafish Brain Browser and mapZebrain atlases. This work was supported by funding from the ATIP-Avenir program of the CNRS and Inserm (O.R.), a Fondation Fyssen research grant (O.R.), the IDEX-Impulsion initiative of the University of Lyon (O.R.), the NIH RO1 grants MH109498 (M.G.), NS123887 (M.H.), and the NIH Brain Initiative grants U19NS104653, R24 NS086601, and R43OD024879, as well as Simons Foundation grants SCGB nos. 542973 and 325207 (F.E.)


This work was supported in part by Institutional Research Grant number 14-189-19 from the American Cancer Society, and NIH grant R01-DE030493 (to X.W.). This work has also been supported by the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, an NCI designated comprehensive cancer center (P30-CA076292).


SW was supported by the Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) (grant number 69938). BRH and JW acknowledge the receipt of studentship awards from the Health Data Research UK-The Alan Turing Institute Wellcome PhD Programme in Health Data Science (Grant Ref: 218529/Z/19/Z).


The authors are grateful to A.A. Korsheninnikov and M.D. Skorokhvatov for support of the work, and to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant 18-02-00007A which carried out a significant part of the work


Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the individuals who provided the information for the analyses and thank the staff of the Connecticut Department of Corrections for their efforts in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in collecting data for the study. We also thank Ryan Borg and Dava Flowers-Poole for their assistance in the coordination of the study. This work was supported by a contract from the Connecticut Department of Public Health (Emerging Infections Program 2021-0071 to A.I.K.), the Raj and Indra Nooyi Professorship (to A.I.K), and the Merck Investigator Studies Program (to W.L.S. and A.I.K.). The funders did not have a role in the design or implementation of the study nor the decision to publish the study. The study and its findings are the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Connecticut Department of Correction.


The presented was supported by a research grant from Smith & Nephew. The main author ML has served scientific consultant for the preparation of the manuscript. Author ML has performed educational activities for Smith and Nephew. Stacey Leake-Gardner is employed by Smith & Nephew. The other authors has no conflicts of interest in relation to the present study. | The study was supported by a research grant from smith & Nephew. Grant # 15000946.


This material is based upon work supported by U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Solar Energy Technologies Office Award Number DEEE0008770.


VL gratefully acknowledges support from the CONACyT Research Fellowship program. VL acknowledge support from PAPIIT-UNAM grant IN113522. RS acknowledges support from the Fondecyt grant 1230441. JF acknowledges financial support from the UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IN110723 grant, Mexico.


This work was supported by NIH grants 1R01DK62277, 1R01DK100287, 1R01DK116993, R01CA204586, 1R01CA251155-01 and Endowed Chair for Experimental Pathology to S.P.M. This work was also supported in part by 1R01CA258449 to SK. This work was also supported by T32EB0010216 and 1F31DK115017-01 to J.O.R. This work was also supported by P30DK120531 to the Pittsburgh Liver Research Center for services provided by Biospecimen Repository and Processing Core.


The authors acknowledge financial support for this research from the Taiwanese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant numbers: MOST 111-2222-E-005-002-). This work was supported in part by China Steel Corporation.


Sci‑ence This Foundation work was supported of China (Grants by the National No. 12204424, Natural No. 12147149, No. 12405029, No. 12205256, No. 12274376, No. Postdoc‑toral Science 11935006, Foundation No. 12421005), (Grant No. the 2022M722889), China the Sci-Tech Innovation Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2020RC4047), the National Key R&D Program (Grant Sci‑Tech Sci‑ence and Program No. Technology 2024YFE0102400), (Grant Major No. 2023ZJ1010), Project the of Hunan the the Department Henan Major of Science and Technology of Henan Province (Grant No. 241100210400), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 242300420665), and the Doctoral Research Foundation of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry (Grant No. 2022BSJJZK20).

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province


This research was partially supported by Progetto Giovani Ricercatori number CPDG031245 of the University of Padova. The author wishes to thank Professor Juan Cuadra of the University of Almería for suggesting the problem leading to Theorem 2.1.


This work is supported in part by gifts from the Intel Corporation and in part by the Naval Supply Systems Command award under the Naval Postgraduate School Agreements No. N00244-15-0050 and No. N00244-16-1-0018.


This work was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51875473 and 91960203), and the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project P2021-A-IV-003-001.


This work was co-funded in the framework of RIN IFROST, and CPER BRIDGE projects by European Union with European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by Region Normandie. Partial support from the French National Research Agency, within the project "INMOST" (ANR-19-CE08-0025) is acknowledged. This study was performed on the NanoCharacterisation PlatForm (PFNC), and supported by the "Recherches Technologiques de Base" Program of the French Ministry of Research.


This work was supported by the Washington Research Foundation and by a Data Science Environments project award from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Award #2013-10-29) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Award 3835) to the University of Washington eScience Institute.


This work was supported by the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. (Grant number: NCRCCD-0102) | This research was extracted from the master's thesis (NCRCCD-0102) of Mohajer Abdoli's, a master's student of nursing at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS). We appreciate all the nurses and nursing students participating in this project, as well as the faculty members of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of AJUMS. This study was funded by AJUMS, Ahvaz, Iran.


This work was funded by a Project Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to VA (175132). JL and HM received studentships from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Santé.


We acknowledge Bernadette Mohr, Joseph Rudzinski and Alessia Centi for critical review of this manuscript and Burkhard Dünweg for insightful discussions. This project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Alexander von Humboldt-stiftung (AvH). This work used computational resources from the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility (MPCDF).


☆Lei Li's research is partly supported by the NSF of China (11301285). Dongyang Chen's project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2015J01026).


This work has been supported by the German Research Foundation as part of the Research Training Group "Adaptive Preparation of Information from Heterogeneous Sources" (AIPHES) under grant No. GRK 1994/1. We also acknowledge the useful comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers.


This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 61775126) and by the Opened Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics under Grant No. IOSKL2019KF16.


This work was supported by The National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant 2019-VII-0004-0144).


We would like to thank Matthias Rieckher for supplying us the videos of the CSB-1 dataset, as well as Xiao-Liu Chu for supplying the Mating Dataset video. We thank everyone who helped us annotating the data used in this publication. Maurice Deserno and Katarzyna Bozek were supported by the North Rhine-Westphalia return program (311-8.03.03.02-147635), BMBF program Junior Group Consortia in Systems Medicine (01ZX1917B) and hosted by the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne. We thank the Regional Computing Center of the University of Cologne (RRZK) for providing computing time on the DFG-funded (Funding number: INST 216/512/1FUGG) High Performance Computing (HPC) system CHEOPS as well as support.


†† and ††† Supported by NRC grant no. 240569 | †Supported by the SIR grant "NEWHOLITE - New methods in holomorphic iteration" no. RBSI14CFME.
This work was done during the international research program "Several Complex Variables and Complex Dynamics" at the Center for Advanced Study at the Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo during the academic year 2016/2017.


University authors thank the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences for financial and logistic support. H.K., N.R.C., K.H. and S.C. acknowledge NASA support through the grants 80NSSC20K0329, 80NSSC21K1817, 80NSSC22K1291, 80NSSC22K1883, 80NSSC23K1041, 80NSSC24K0205, and 80NSSC24K1178. A.C. and Y.Y. acknowledge support from NSF grants DMS-2235457 and AST-2308111. A.C. also acknowledges NASA support from grant 80NSSC21K2027. Y.Y. also acknowledges support by the Multimessenger Plasma Physics Center (MPPC), NSF grant PHY-2206608. The Washington University authors acknowledge support from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. N.R.C. acknowledges support by the John Templeton Foundation.


We would like to also thank the Fundació UdG: Innovació i Formació for providing part of the research equipment for the fieldwork.