Switch UD fetch pipeline to CLARIN snapshots

- replace GitHub/submodule fetch flow with CLARIN allzip snapshot download

- rename 01_fetch_ud_repos.sh to 01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh

- update metadata generation for snapshot layout and UD_VER-specific codes_and_flags

- update maintainer docs and tools README to reflect snapshot-based workflow

ADDING_NEW_UD_VERSION.md

@@ -114,48 +114,34 @@ cat .env
 
 **How to find hash?** Check the [UD docs-automation releases](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/releases) for the commit tagged with the version.
 
-### 6. Discover UD Repositories
+### 6. Download UD Snapshot from CLARIN
 
 ```bash
-# Generate list of all UD repositories
-./01_fetch_ud_repos.sh
+# Download and extract official UD release snapshot
+./01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh
 
-# This creates:
-# - .UD_submodules_add.commands (list of git submodule add commands)
+# This creates/updates:
+# - ud-treebanks-v2.18/   (extracted snapshot directory)
+# - UD_repos -> ud-treebanks-v2.18 (symlink used by generation scripts)
 ```
 
-**What does this do?** Queries GitHub API for all repositories in the UniversalDependencies organization and generates commands to add them as submodules.
+**What does this do?** Downloads the official release archive from LINDAT/CLARIN (`https://hdl.handle.net/<handle>/allzip`), extracts it, and points `UD_repos` to the extracted snapshot.
 
-### 7. Fetch UD Repositories as Submodules
+### 7. Verify Snapshot Layout
 
 ```bash
-cd UD_repos
-
-# Initialize git repository (if first time)
-git init
-
-# Add all UD repositories as submodules
-bash ../.UD_submodules_add.commands
-
-# Checkout the new release tag in all submodules
-git submodule foreach "git fetch --tags && git checkout r${NEW_VER} && touch .tag-r${NEW_VER}"
-
-# Create branch and commit
-git checkout -b ${NEW_VER}
-git add -A
-git commit -m "Add UD ${NEW_VER} repositories"
+# Confirm symlink and directory
+ls -ld UD_repos ud-treebanks-v${NEW_VER}
 
-cd ..
+# Spot-check treebank directories
+ls UD_repos | head
 ```
 
-**Expected time:** 30-60 minutes depending on network speed.
+**Expected time:** 5-15 minutes depending on network speed and archive size.
 
-**What are .tag-r{VER} files?** Marker files that `02_generate_metadata.py` checks to ensure a repository has the correct version tag.
-
-**Troubleshooting:** If some repositories don't have the tag:
-```bash
-git submodule foreach "git fetch --tags && (git checkout r${NEW_VER} || git checkout main) && touch .tag-r${NEW_VER}"
-```
+**Notes:**
+- The snapshot already contains a consistent release state for all treebanks.
+- No per-treebank git tags/submodules are required.
 
 ### 8. Extract Metadata from Treebanks
 
@@ -408,18 +394,17 @@ This makes the new version the default when users don't specify a revision.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
-### Issue: Submodule checkout fails
+### Issue: Snapshot download/extraction fails
 
-**Problem:** Some repositories don't have the `r2.18` tag.
+**Problem:** Snapshot download fails, or `UD_repos` does not point to the extracted directory.
 
 **Solution:**
 ```bash
-cd tools/UD_repos
-git submodule foreach 'git fetch --tags && (git checkout r2.18 || git checkout main) && touch .tag-r2.18'
+cd tools
+./01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh --online --rev 2.18
+ls -ld UD_repos ud-treebanks-v2.18
 ```
 
-This falls back to `main` branch for repositories without the tag.
-
 ### Issue: Metadata extraction fails for a treebank
 
 **Problem:** A treebank is malformed or missing expected files.
@@ -512,7 +497,7 @@ Before marking the release as complete:
 | Step | Time | Notes |
 |------|------|-------|
 | 1-5: Setup & metadata | 10-15 min | Manual edits required |
-| 6-7: Fetch repositories | 30-60 min | Network-dependent |
+| 6-7: Download snapshot | 5-15 min | Network + archive-size dependent |
 | 8-9: Generate metadata/README | 5-10 min | Fast |
 | 10-12: Generate & validate Parquet | 2-4 hours | CPU-intensive |
 | 13-15: Commit to git | 10-15 min | Fast |
@@ -520,7 +505,7 @@ Before marking the release as complete:
 | 17-18: Verify & update | 10-20 min | Fast |
 | **Total** | **~5-11 hours** | Can parallelize some steps |
 
-**Recommendation:** Start the process in the morning. Long-running steps (repository fetch, Parquet generation, upload) can run unattended.
+**Recommendation:** Start the process in the morning. Long-running steps (Parquet generation and upload) can run unattended.
 
 ## Notes
 

tools/01_fetch_ud_repos.sh

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# This script is based on:
-# https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs-automation
-#
-# ./fetch_ud_repos.sh -h
-#
-
-# Set default vars and names directories and output files
-[ -e .env ] && . .env
-ONLINE_MODE=false
-UD_VER=${UD_VER:-"2.15"}
-UD_REV="r${UD_VER}"
-UDS_SUBDIR="UD_repos"; mkdir -p ${UDS_SUBDIR}
-GIT_API_OUTPUT=".UniversalDependencies.repos"
-GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD=".UD_submodules_add.commands"
-
-# Additional arguments for the `git submodule add` command(s)
-
-###################
-#############
-#
-# USAGE
-#
-usage() { OUTPUT=${1:-"verbose"}
-echo "Usage: $0 [-o] [-r REV]" >&2
-[ $OUTPUT = "short" ] && exit 0
->&2 cat << EOF
-
-Identify all relevant UD repositories from GitHub:
-* https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/
-and generate a list of submodules to add to a (newly created) repository in the
-subdirectory ${UDS_SUBDIR}/.
-
-    "${GIT_API_OUTPUT}" contains the (saved) list of GitHub repositories; the
-        file can be updated by running this script with the '-o|--online' option.
-    "${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}" contains the list of submodules to add to the main
-        repository.
-
-Options:
-    -h              Print this help message
-    -o|--online     Enable online mode: (re-fetch UD repos from GitHub instead
-                    of using ${GIT_API_OUTPUT})
-    -r|--rev VER    The UD GitHub tagged version to checkout (default: ${UD_VER})
-EOF
-}
-#
-######
-############
-##################
-
-VALID_ARGS=$(getopt -o hor: --long help,online,rev: -- "$@")
-if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
-  usage "short"
-  exit 1;
-fi
-
-eval set -- "$VALID_ARGS"
-while [ : ]
-do
-  case "$1" in
-    -o | --online) ONLINE_MODE=true; shift   ;;
-    -r | --rev)    UD_VER="$2";      shift 2 ;;
-    -h | --help)   usage;            shift   ; exit 0;;
-    --)                              shift   ; break ;;
-    *) >&2 echo Unsupported option: $1; usage; exit 1;;
-  esac
-done
-
-set -uo pipefail
-
-# Function to get github API content
-get_github_api_content() {
-
-    # We are interested in these keys:
-    #
-    #    "git_url": "git://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs.git",
-    #    "ssh_url": "git@github.com:UniversalDependencies/docs.git",
-    #    "clone_url": "https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs.git",
-    #    "svn_url": "https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs",
-    #    "homepage": "http://universaldependencies.org/",
-    #
-    # -> "clone_url"
-
-    #This will last us to 500 repositories (UD has 460+ as of 2026)
-    (for pg in 1 2 3 4 5; do wget "https://api.github.com/orgs/UniversalDependencies/repos?page=$pg&per_page=100" -O - ; done ) \
-            | grep clone_url \
-            | grep -Po 'https://.*?(?=")' \
-        > ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_API_OUTPUT}
-}
-
-# Check if the online argument is present
-if [[ $ONLINE_MODE == true ]] || [[ ! -e ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_API_OUTPUT} ]]; then
-  # Download github API content
-  get_github_api_content
-fi
-
-
-MSG=""
-echo "" > ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}
-for r in $(cat ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_API_OUTPUT} | sort)
-do
-    l=$(echo $r | perl -pe 's/.*\///' | cut -f 1 -d.)
-
-    # Process all potential UD_ repos
-    if [[ $l == UD_* ]] && [[ $l != UD_v2 ]]
-    then
-        # Create a file for the full set
-        echo "git submodule add --depth 1 -- $r $l" \
-            >> ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}
-
-        # Missing subdir
-        if [[ ! -e ${UDS_SUBDIR}/$l ]]
-        then
-            # git submodule add
-            # [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>]
-            # [--ref-format <format>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
-
-            MSG="$MSG\n${UDS_SUBDIR}/$l"
-        fi
-    fi
-done
-
-# git show-ref refs/tags/${UD_REV}
-# echo "git submodule --quiet foreach 'export name; bash -c \"(git fetch --depth 1 origin refs/tags/${UD_REV}:refs/tags/${UD_REV} ) || (echo \$name; pushd ../..; git submodule deinit -f \$name; popd)\" '" >> ${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}
-echo "git submodule --quiet foreach 'export name; bash -c \"( REF=\$(git ls-remote --exit-code origin refs/tags/${UD_REV} | cut -f1) && [ ! -z \\\$REF ] && git fetch --depth=1 origin \\\$REF && git checkout \\\$REF && echo \\\$REF > .tag-${UD_REV}) || ( echo No rev:${UD_REV} \\\$name )\" ' " >> ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}
-echo "git submodule --quiet foreach git status -s | grep -v .tag-" >> ${UDS_SUBDIR}/${GIT_SUBMODULES_ADD}
-
-
-echo "Missing repos:"
-echo -e "$MSG"
-
-if [[ ! -e ${UDS_SUBDIR}/.git ]]
-then
-    echo "${UDS_SUBDIR}: "'missing .git: run `git init` in subdirectory!'
-fi

tools/01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Fetch UD release snapshots from the LINDAT/CLARIN repository.
+#
+# NOTE:
+#   This script intentionally uses snapshot-oriented naming and does not
+#   fetch GitHub repositories/submodules.
+#
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+[ -e .env ] && . .env
+
+ONLINE_MODE=false
+UD_VER=${UD_VER:-"2.17"}
+UDS_SUBDIR="UD_repos"
+
+# Mapping UD version -> LINDAT handle.
+# Keep this in sync with tools/00_fetch_ud_clarin-dspace_metadata.py.
+declare -A HANDLE_MAPPING
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.7"]="11234/1-3424"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.8"]="11234/1-3687"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.9"]="11234/1-4611"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.10"]="11234/1-4758"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.11"]="11234/1-4923"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.12"]="11234/1-5150"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.13"]="11234/1-5287"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.14"]="11234/1-5502"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.15"]="11234/1-5787"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.16"]="11234/1-5901"
+HANDLE_MAPPING["2.17"]="11234/1-6036"
+
+###################
+#############
+#
+# USAGE
+#
+usage() { OUTPUT=${1:-"verbose"}
+echo "Usage: $0 [-o] [-r VER]" >&2
+[ "$OUTPUT" = "short" ] && exit 0
+>&2 cat << EOF
+
+Download and extract one official Universal Dependencies snapshot from:
+* https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/
+
+The snapshot is downloaded as:
+* https://hdl.handle.net/<handle>/allzip
+
+and extracted to:
+* ud-treebanks-v<VER>/
+
+Then a symlink is created/updated:
+* UD_repos -> ud-treebanks-v<VER>
+
+Options:
+    -h              Print this help message
+    -o|--online     Force re-download and re-extract
+    -r|--rev VER    UD version to fetch (default: \${UD_VER} from .env)
+EOF
+}
+#
+######
+############
+##################
+
+VALID_ARGS=$(getopt -o hor: --long help,online,rev: -- "$@")
+if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
+  usage "short"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+eval set -- "$VALID_ARGS"
+while [ : ]
+do
+  case "$1" in
+    -o | --online) ONLINE_MODE=true; shift   ;;
+    -r | --rev)    UD_VER="$2";      shift 2 ;;
+    -h | --help)   usage;            shift   ; exit 0 ;;
+    --)                              shift   ; break ;;
+    *) >&2 echo "Unsupported option: $1"; usage; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+HANDLE="${HANDLE_MAPPING[${UD_VER}]:-}"
+if [[ -z "${HANDLE}" ]]; then
+    >&2 echo "Unsupported UD version: ${UD_VER}"
+    >&2 echo "Update HANDLE_MAPPING in $(basename "$0") first."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+SNAPSHOT_DIR="ud-treebanks-v${UD_VER}"
+SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE="${SNAPSHOT_DIR}.zip"
+SNAPSHOT_URL="https://hdl.handle.net/${HANDLE}/allzip"
+
+download_snapshot() {
+    echo "Downloading UD ${UD_VER} snapshot from ${SNAPSHOT_URL}"
+    if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        curl -fL --retry 3 --retry-delay 1 "${SNAPSHOT_URL}" -o "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}"
+    elif command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        wget "${SNAPSHOT_URL}" -O "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}"
+    else
+        python3 - "${SNAPSHOT_URL}" "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}" <<'PY'
+import sys
+from urllib.request import urlretrieve
+
+urlretrieve(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
+PY
+    fi
+}
+
+extract_snapshot() {
+    local tmp_dir backup_dir
+    tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+    echo "Extracting ${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE} into ${SNAPSHOT_DIR}"
+
+    if command -v unzip >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        unzip -q "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}" -d "${tmp_dir}"
+    else
+        python3 - "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}" "${tmp_dir}" <<'PY'
+import sys
+import zipfile
+
+with zipfile.ZipFile(sys.argv[1]) as zf:
+    zf.extractall(sys.argv[2])
+PY
+    fi
+
+    mapfile -t snapshot_candidates < <(find "${tmp_dir}" -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'ud-treebanks-v*' | sort)
+    if [[ ${#snapshot_candidates[@]} -ne 1 ]]; then
+        >&2 echo "Expected one ud-treebanks-v* directory in archive, found ${#snapshot_candidates[@]}."
+        >&2 echo "Archive: ${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -d "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}" ]]; then
+        backup_dir="${SNAPSHOT_DIR}.bak.$(date +%s)"
+        echo "Existing ${SNAPSHOT_DIR} found; moving it to ${backup_dir}"
+        mv "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}" "${backup_dir}"
+    fi
+
+    mv "${snapshot_candidates[0]}" "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}"
+    rm -rf "${tmp_dir}"
+}
+
+if [[ "${ONLINE_MODE}" == true ]] || [[ ! -d "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}" ]]; then
+    if [[ "${ONLINE_MODE}" == true ]] || [[ ! -s "${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}" ]]; then
+        download_snapshot
+    else
+        echo "Using existing archive ${SNAPSHOT_ARCHIVE}"
+    fi
+    extract_snapshot
+else
+    echo "Snapshot directory already exists: ${SNAPSHOT_DIR}"
+fi
+
+if [[ -L "${UDS_SUBDIR}" ]]; then
+    ln -sfn "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}" "${UDS_SUBDIR}"
+elif [[ ! -e "${UDS_SUBDIR}" ]]; then
+    ln -s "${SNAPSHOT_DIR}" "${UDS_SUBDIR}"
+else
+    >&2 echo "${UDS_SUBDIR} exists and is not a symlink. Please move/remove it, then rerun."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "UD snapshot ready:"
+echo "  ${UDS_SUBDIR} -> ${SNAPSHOT_DIR}"

tools/02_generate_metadata.py

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def traverse_directory(directory):
     """
     results = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
 
-    with open(os.path.join('etc', f"codes_and_flags-latest.yaml"), 'r') as file:
+    with open(os.path.join('etc', f"codes_and_flags-{UD_VER}.yaml"), 'r') as file:
         codes_and_flags = yaml.safe_load(file)
         logging.debug(codes_and_flags)
 
@@ -124,9 +124,10 @@ def traverse_directory(directory):
             logging.debug(dir_path)
 
             tag_fn = os.path.join(dir_path, f".tag-r{UD_VER}")
-            if not Path(tag_fn).exists():
-                logging.info(f"No tag file:{tag_fn}: Ignoring content.")
-                continue
+            has_version_tag = Path(tag_fn).exists()
+            if not has_version_tag:
+                # Snapshot layouts from CLARIN do not include per-treebank tag marker files.
+                logging.debug(f"No tag file found (expected for snapshots): {tag_fn}")
 
             results[item]["splits"] = {
                 "train": {"files": [], "num_bytes": 0},
@@ -137,7 +138,10 @@ def traverse_directory(directory):
             for file in os.listdir(dir_path):
                 if file.endswith(".conllu"):
                     file_path = os.path.join(dir_path, file)
-                    github_path = os.path.join(item, f"r{UD_VER}", file)
+                    if has_version_tag:
+                        source_path = os.path.join(item, f"r{UD_VER}", file)
+                    else:
+                        source_path = os.path.join(item, file)
                     logging.debug(file_path)
                     match file:
                         case x if "dev" in file:
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ def traverse_directory(directory):
                             subset = "train"
                         case _:
                             subset = "unknown"
-                    results[item]["splits"][subset]["files"].append(github_path)
+                    results[item]["splits"][subset]["files"].append(source_path)
 
                     sum_bytes = os.stat(file_path).st_size
                     results[item]["splits"][subset]["num_bytes"] += sum_bytes

tools/README.md

@@ -11,22 +11,15 @@ cd tools
 echo "UD_VER=${NEW_VER}" > .env
 
 # Fetch metadata
-./00_fetch_ud_clarin-dspace_metadata.py -o
+uv run 00_fetch_ud_clarin-dspace_metadata.py -o
 ./00_fetch_ud_codes_and_flags.sh -o
-./01_fetch_ud_repos.sh
-
-# Initialize repositories
-cd UD_repos
-git init
-bash ../.UD_submodules_add.commands
-git submodule foreach "git fetch --tags && git checkout r${NEW_VER} && touch .tag-r${NEW_VER}"
-cd ..
+./01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh
 
 # Generate files
-./02_generate_metadata.py -o
-./03_generate_README.py -o
-uv run ./04_generate_parquet.py
-uv run ./05_validate_parquet.py --local --test
+uv run 02_generate_metadata.py -o
+uv run 03_generate_README.py -o
+uv run 04_generate_parquet.py
+uv run 05_validate_parquet.py --local --test
 
 # Sync to root
 cp README-${NEW_VER} ../README.md
@@ -50,12 +43,12 @@ git add ../parquet ../README.md ../metadata.json
 - Creates: `etc/codes_and_flags-{VER}.yaml`, `etc/codes_and_flags-latest.yaml`
 - Update `VER_MAPPING` for new versions
 
-### 01 - Fetch Repositories
+### 01 - Fetch Snapshot
 
-**01_fetch_ud_repos.sh**
-- Discovers all UD repositories on GitHub
-- Creates: `.UD_submodules_add.commands`
-- Run commands in `UD_repos/` directory to fetch all treebanks
+**01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh**
+- Downloads official UD release snapshot from LINDAT/CLARIN (`allzip`)
+- Creates: `ud-treebanks-v{VER}/`
+- Creates/updates symlink: `UD_repos -> ud-treebanks-v{VER}`
 
 ### 02 - Generate Metadata
 
@@ -93,7 +86,7 @@ git add ../parquet ../README.md ../metadata.json
 tools/
 ├── 00_fetch_ud_clarin-dspace_metadata.py   # Fetch citation/description
 ├── 00_fetch_ud_codes_and_flags.sh          # Fetch language metadata
-├── 01_fetch_ud_repos.sh                    # Discover UD repos
+├── 01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh                 # Download UD snapshot from CLARIN
 ├── 02_generate_metadata.py                 # Extract treebank metadata
 ├── 03_generate_README.py                   # Generate dataset card
 ├── 04_generate_parquet.py                  # Generate Parquet files
@@ -107,9 +100,8 @@ tools/
 │   └── README.tmpl                         # Jinja2 template for dataset card
 ├── metadata-{VER}.json                     # Generated metadata (output)
 ├── README-{VER}                            # Generated dataset card (output)
-└── UD_repos/                               # Git submodules (created by 01)
-    ├── UD_{Language}-{Treebank}/           # Individual treebanks
-    └── .UD_submodules_add.commands         # Generated submodule commands
+├── ud-treebanks-v{VER}/                    # Extracted CLARIN snapshot
+└── UD_repos -> ud-treebanks-v{VER}         # Symlink consumed by 02/04/05 scripts
 ```
 
 ## Configuration
@@ -132,7 +124,6 @@ pt_cintil:
 - Python 3.12+
 - `uv` (for running scripts with dependencies)
 - `ud-hf-parquet-tools` (for parquet generation/validation)
-- Git with submodules support
 
 Install dependencies:
 ```bash
@@ -162,19 +153,18 @@ uv run ./04_generate_parquet.py --blocked-treebanks blocked_treebanks.yaml
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 **Script not found:**
-- Scripts use `#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script` shebang
+- Scripts use `#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run` shebang
 - Make executable: `chmod +x *.py *.sh`
-- Or run with: `uv run --script ./script.py`
+- Or run with: `uv run ./script.py`
 
 **Missing dependencies:**
 ```bash
 pip install ud-hf-parquet-tools
 ```
 
-**Submodule checkout fails:**
+**Snapshot download/extraction fails:**
 ```bash
-cd UD_repos
-git submodule foreach 'git fetch --tags && (git checkout r2.17 || git checkout main)'
+./01_fetch_ud_snapshot.sh --online --rev 2.17
 ```
 
 ## Documentation