--- ### THIS IS A GENERATED FILE. viewer: true annotations_creators: - expert-generated language_creators: - crowdsourced language: {%- set languages = [] -%} {%- for name,metadata in data.items()|sort(attribute='1.dirname') -%} {{ languages.append(metadata.lcode)|default("", True)}} {%- endfor -%} {%- for language in languages|unique %} - {{ language if language != 'no' else "'no'" }} {%- endfor %} license: - apache-2.0 multilinguality: - multilingual size_categories: - '1K=4.0.0 - **MWT Support:** New `mwt` field provides structured multi-word token information - **Enhanced Security:** No more `trust_remote_code=True` required - **Separate Versioning:** Loader version (2.0.0) distinct from UD data version (2.17) **Breaking Changes:** - Token sequences now exclude MWT surface forms (matches UD guidelines) - Requires `datasets>=4.0.0` for Parquet support - **Migration Guide:** See [MIGRATION.md](MIGRATION.md) for detailed upgrade instructions - **Changelog:** See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for complete release notes ## Table of Contents - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description) - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary) - [Data Quality & Fidelity](#data-quality--fidelity) - [Usage](#usage) - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards) - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure) - [Data Instances](#data-instances) - [Data Fields](#data-fields) - [Data Splits](#data-splits) - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation) - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale) - [Source Data](#source-data) - [Annotations](#annotations) - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information) - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data) - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset) - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases) - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations) - [Additional Information](#additional-information) - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators) - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information) - [Citation Information](#citation-information) - [Contributions](#contributions) ## Dataset Description - **Homepage:** [Universal Dependencies](https://universaldependencies.org) - **Repository:** [Universal Dependencies](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies) - **Paper:** [Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10643) - **Leaderboard:** - **Point of Contact:** [appliedlinguisticsdevs@eurac.edu](mailto:appliedlinguisticsdevs@eurac.edu) - **Point of Contact:** [IAL Homepage](https://www.eurac.edu/linguistics) ### Dataset Summary {{ description }} This is a (temporary) fork of [/universal-dependencies/universal_dependencies](https://huggingface.co/datasets/universal-dependencies/universal_dependencies). ### Data Quality & Fidelity This dataset achieves **100% fidelity** for linguistic data (tokens, annotations, dependencies) and **very high (~98%) fidelity** for metadata. The Parquet files can be perfectly reconstructed back to the original CoNLL-U format with: - All linguistic annotations preserved exactly - Multi-word tokens (MWTs) and empty nodes fully supported - Duplicate metadata keys preserved (1,323 sentences across 14 treebanks) - Enhanced dependencies and rare annotation edge cases handled correctly Recent improvements include fixes for: - Double equals parsing in FEATS/MISC fields (e.g., `Gloss==POSS`) - Empty nodes with ID < 1 (e.g., `0.1` for pro-drop subjects) - Empty metadata values and keys without values - Raw field parsing to bypass library bugs For technical details, see [CONLLU_PARSING.md](https://github.com/bot-zen/ud-hf-parquet-tools/blob/main/CONLLU_PARSING.md) in the ud-hf-parquet-tools repository. ### Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset # Load a specific treebank ds = load_dataset("commul/universal_dependencies", "en_ewt", revision="{{ ud_ver }}", split="train") # Access sentence data sentence = ds[0] print(f"Sentence ID: {sentence['sent_id']}") print(f"Text: {sentence['text']}") print(f"Tokens: {sentence['tokens']}") ## TODO: Make helper functions available ## post v2.0 universal_dependencies.py is not part of the Dataset any longer! ## # Parse optional fields using helper functions from universal_dependencies import parse_feats, parse_misc for i, token in enumerate(sentence['tokens']): feats = parse_feats(sentence['feats'][i]) # Returns dict or {} misc = parse_misc(sentence['misc'][i]) # Returns dict or {} print(f"{token}: UPOS={sentence['upos'][i]}, feats={feats}, misc={misc}") # Export back to CoNLL-U format from universal_dependencies import write_conllu # Write to stdout write_conllu(ds) # Write to file write_conllu(ds, "output.conllu") # Write to buffer (for other libraries) import io buffer = io.StringIO() write_conllu(ds, buffer) conllu_text = buffer.getvalue() ``` ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards [More Information Needed] ## Dataset Structure All files use a revised version of [the CoNLL-X format](http://anthology.aclweb.org/W/W06/W06-2920.pdf) called CoNLL-U. Annotations are encoded in plain text files (UTF-8, [normalized to NFC](http://unicode.org/reports/tr15/), using only the LF character as line break, including an LF character at the end of file). * [Revision (r{{ ud_ver }}) specific documentation](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/blob/r{{ ud_ver }}/format.md) * [Latest UD CoNLL-U Format documentation](https://universaldependencies.org/format.html) ### Data Instances This dataset has {{ data.items()|length }} configurations (treebanks). ```python from datasets import get_dataset_config_names, load_dataset # Get all available treebank configurations for revision="{{ ud_ver }}" configs = get_dataset_config_names("commul/universal_dependencies", revision="{{ ud_ver }}") print(f"Available treebanks: {len(configs)}") # Example configurations: # ['af_afribooms', # 'akk_pisandub', # 'aqz_tudet', # 'sq_tsa', # 'gsw_uzh', # 'am_att', # ... # ] # Get the latest configurations get_dataset_config_names("commul/universal_dependencies") # Load a specific treebank dataset = load_dataset("commul/universal_dependencies", "en_ewt") print(dataset) # Output: # DatasetDict({ # train: Dataset({ # features: ['sent_id', 'text', 'comments', 'tokens', 'lemmas', 'upos', 'xpos', 'feats', 'head', 'deprel', 'deps', 'misc', 'mwt', 'empty_nodes'], # num_rows: 12544 # }) # dev: Dataset({ # features: ['sent_id', 'text', 'comments', 'tokens', 'lemmas', 'upos', 'xpos', 'feats', 'head', 'deprel', 'deps', 'misc', 'mwt', 'empty_nodes'], # num_rows: 2001 # }) # test: Dataset({ # features: ['sent_id', 'text', 'comments', 'tokens', 'lemmas', 'upos', 'xpos', 'feats', 'head', 'deprel', 'deps', 'misc', 'mwt', 'empty_nodes'], # num_rows: 2077 # }) # }) ``` ### Data Fields Each example in the dataset contains the following fields: - **sent_id** (string): Sentence ID from the CoNLL-U file metadata - **text** (string): Full sentence text (surface form) - **tokens** (list of strings): Syntactic word forms (MWT surface forms excluded) - **lemmas** (list of strings): Lemmas for each syntactic word - **upos** (list of strings): Universal POS tags - **xpos** (list of strings): Language-specific POS tags - **feats** (list of strings): Morphological features in UD format - **head** (list of strings): Head indices for dependency relations - **deprel** (list of strings): Dependency relation labels - **deps** (list of strings): Enhanced dependency graph - **misc** (list of strings): Miscellaneous annotations - **mwt** (list of dicts): Multi-Word Token information (NEW in v2.0) - **id** (string): Token range (e.g., "1-2") - **form** (string): Surface form (e.g., "don't") - **misc** (string): MWT-specific metadata - **empty_nodes** (list of dicts): Empty Node Token information (NEW in v2.0) - **comments** (list of strings): All comments including duplicates, empty values, and original ordering (NEW in v2.0) **Example:** ```python from datasets import load_dataset dataset = load_dataset("commul/universal_dependencies", "en_ewt", split="train") print(dataset[0]) # Output: { 'sent_id': 'weblog-juancole.com_juancole_20051126063000_ENG_20051126_063000-0001', 'text': 'Al-Zaman : American forces killed Shaikh Abdullah al-Ani, the preacher at the mosque in the town of Qaim, near the Syrian border.', 'comments': [ 'newdoc id = weblog-juancole.com_juancole_20051126063000_ENG_20051126_063000', '__SENT_ID__', 'newpar id = weblog-juancole.com_juancole_20051126063000_ENG_20051126_063000-p0001', '__TEXT__' ], 'tokens': ['Al', '-', 'Zaman', ':', 'American', 'forces', 'killed', 'Shaikh', 'Abdullah', 'al', '-', 'Ani', ',', 'the', 'preacher', 'at', 'the', 'mosque', 'in', 'the', 'town', 'of', 'Qaim', ',', 'near', 'the', 'Syrian', 'border', '.'], 'lemmas': ['Al', '-', 'Zaman', ':', 'American', 'force', 'kill', 'Shaikh', 'Abdullah', 'al', '-', 'Ani', ',', 'the', 'preacher', 'at', 'the', 'mosque', 'in', 'the', 'town', 'of', 'Qaim', ',', 'near', 'the', 'Syrian', 'border', '.'], 'upos': [10, 1, 10, 1, 6, 0, 16, 10, 10, 10, 1, 10, 1, 8, 0, 2, 8, 0, 2, 8, 0, 2, 10, 1, 2, 8, 6, 0, 1], 'xpos': ['NNP', 'HYPH', 'NNP', ':', 'JJ', 'NNS', 'VBD', 'NNP', 'NNP', 'NNP', 'HYPH', 'NNP', ',', 'DT', 'NN', 'IN', 'DT', 'NN', 'IN', 'DT', 'NN', 'IN', 'NNP', ',', 'IN', 'DT', 'JJ', 'NN', '.'], 'feats': ['Number=Sing', None, 'Number=Sing', None, 'Degree=Pos', 'Number=Plur', 'Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin', 'Number=Sing', 'Number=Sing', 'Number=Sing', None, 'Number=Sing', None, 'Definite=Def|PronType=Art', 'Number=Sing', None, 'Definite=Def|PronType=Art', 'Number=Sing', None, 'Definite=Def|PronType=Art', 'Number=Sing', None, 'Number=Sing', None, None, 'Definite=Def|PronType=Art', 'Degree=Pos', 'Number=Sing', None], 'head': ['0', '3', '1', '7', '6', '7', '1', '7', '8', '8', '12', '8', '15', '15', '8', '18', '18', '15', '21', '21', '18', '23', '21', '28', '28', '28', '28', '21', '1'], 'deprel': ['root', 'punct', 'flat', 'punct', 'amod', 'nsubj', 'parataxis', 'obj', 'flat', 'flat', 'punct', 'flat', 'punct', 'det', 'appos', 'case', 'det', 'nmod', 'case', 'det', 'nmod', 'case', 'nmod', 'punct', 'case', 'det', 'amod', 'nmod', 'punct'], 'deps': ['0:root', '3:punct', '1:flat', '7:punct', '6:amod', '7:nsubj', '1:parataxis', '7:obj', '8:flat', '8:flat', '12:punct', '8:flat', '15:punct', '15:det', '8:appos', '18:case', '18:det', '15:nmod:at', '21:case', '21:det', '18:nmod:in', '23:case', '21:nmod:of', '28:punct', '28:case', '28:det', '28:amod', '21:nmod:near', '1:punct'], 'misc': ['SpaceAfter=No', 'SpaceAfter=No', None, None, None, None, None, None, None, 'SpaceAfter=No', 'SpaceAfter=No', 'SpaceAfter=No', None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, 'SpaceAfter=No', None, None, None, None, 'SpaceAfter=No', None], 'mwt': [], 'empty_nodes': [] } ``` *MWT Example (French):** ```python dataset = load_dataset("commul/universal_dependencies", "fr_gsd", split="train") # Find sentence with MWT example = [ex for ex in dataset if ex['mwt']][0] print(example['mwt']) # Output: [{'id': '8-9', 'form': 'des', 'feats': None, 'misc': None}] # This means example['tokens'][7:9] = ['de', 'les'] are combined as MWT surface form "des" ``` ### Data Splits The file `metadata.json` stores additional information about the data, for example, available splits: ```python from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download import json md = hf_hub_download(repo_id="commul/universal_dependencies", filename="metadata.json", repo_type="dataset") with open(md, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: metadata = json.load(f) [metadata[key]['splits'].keys() for key in metadata] ``` ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale [More Information Needed] ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization [More Information Needed] #### Who are the source language producers? [More Information Needed] ### Annotations #### Annotation process [More Information Needed] #### Who are the annotators? [More Information Needed] ### Personal and Sensitive Information [More Information Needed] ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset [More Information Needed] ### Discussion of Biases [More Information Needed] ### Other Known Limitations [More Information Needed] ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators [More Information Needed] ### Licensing Information Universal Dependencies is a collection of linguistic data and tools. Each of the treebanks has its own license terms and you (the "User") are responsible for complying with the license terms applicable to those parts of UD which you use. Details about the License Terms: * https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/page/license-ud-{{ ud_ver }} The `./tools/` are licensed under the [Apache-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) license. ### Citation Information ```bibtex {{ citation }} ``` ### Contributions Thanks to [universal-dependencies](https://huggingface.co/universal-dependencies) for [the original of this dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/universal-dependencies/universal_dependencies).