Question: What anatomical structure is identified for preservation during dissection?

Answer: Lingual nerve.


Question: What is being ligated during the surgery?

Answer: Blood vessel.


Question: What nerve is identified below the gland?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: What technique is used to close the wound?

Answer: Subcuticular suture technique.


Question: What instrument is used to apply traction on the skin?

Answer: Skin hook.


Question: How was the area tested for air leakage?

Answer: Positive pressure ventilation.


Question: What confirmed the bronchial patency?

Answer: No leaks or bubbles.


Question: What was used to verify the optimal sealing of the fistula?

Answer: Fiber optic bronchoscopy.


Question: What imaging technique is used to ensure perfusion of the ileostomy?

Answer: Fluorescence imaging.


Question: What substance is used with fluorescence imaging in this procedure?

Answer: Indocyanine green.


Question: What anatomical structure is exposed for stoma creation?

Answer: Ileum.


Question: What is confirmed to be mature in the video?

Answer: Ileostomy.


Question: What procedure is performed to prepare the area for liposuction?

Answer: Injection of local anesthetic.


Question: What tool is used for taking the areola graft?

Answer: Cookie cutter tool.


Question: What shape is the marking for the areola graft?

Answer: Circular.


Question: What is the typical diameter of the cookie cutter tool used?

Answer: 25 millimeters.


Question: What part of the body is visibly marked for grafting?

Answer: Areola.


Question: What type of breast reduction procedure is being performed?

Answer: Superior pedicle breast reduction.


Question: Which specific area is de-epithelized first during the procedure?

Answer: Periareolar area.


Question: What type of scalpel is used for the tissue resections?

Answer: 10-blade scalpel.


Question: What technique is used to achieve hemostasis during the procedure?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: Where is the incision made in relation to the chest wall?

Answer: Parallel to the chest wall.


Question: What anatomical structure is the focus of the procedure?

Answer: Mesoappendix.


Question: What is inspected after ligating the mesoappendix?

Answer: Signs of bleeding.


Question: What instrument is applied to secure the base of the appendix?

Answer: Arterial clip.


Question: What approach is used when securing the base of the appendix?

Answer: Extra-mucosal approach.


Question: What type of stitch is used to secure the base of the appendix?

Answer: Extra-mucosal stitch.


Question: What is the final step performed on the appendix in this procedure?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What is the main technique used to visualize the veins?

Answer: Duplex ultrasound.


Question: What is the diameter of the main efferent vein?

Answer: 7mm.


Question: Where are the vein diameters displayed on the screen?

Answer: Left lower corner.


Question: What feature is observed between the main vein and accessory vein near the elbow?

Answer: Small connection.


Question: What is the purpose of the small skip incisions?

Answer: To commence the procedure.


Question: What type of suture is used to ligate side branches?

Answer: Proline sutures.


Question: What happens to the arteriovenous fistula during the procedure?

Answer: It is clamped.


Question: What solution is used to flush the veins?

Answer: Heparin and saline solution.


Question: What duct is being treated in the procedure?

Answer: Wharton's duct.


Question: What is being done to ensure the duct's patency?

Answer: Melting Wharton's duct.


Question: What is observed with the duct blockage?

Answer: Purulence.


Question: What is performed to improve salivary flow?

Answer: Milking the gland.


Question: What abnormal physical finding is associated with the gland during palpation?

Answer: Hardened gland.


Question: What indicates previous stasis in the gland?

Answer: Backed-up saliva.


Question: What is confirmed by the procedure under the inferior border?

Answer: Patent salivary duct.


Question: What other duct is assessed besides the primary focus of the procedure?

Answer: Patient's right salivary duct.


Question: What type of suture material is being used?

Answer: Black silk.


Question: What surgical technique is used to secure the final stitch?

Answer: Mattress suture technique.


Question: What is the visual indication that the first suture is constricting the area?

Answer: The area turns white.


Question: What is the purpose of the first suture in this procedure?

Answer: To elevate the lesion.


Question: Which anatomical structures are avoided due to the uplifted lesion?

Answer: Sublingual gland, duct, and nerve.


Question: What is being traced first in the procedure?

Answer: Zygomatic branch.


Question: Which branches are revealed one by one in the procedure?

Answer: Marginal and cervical branches.


Question: What is maintained well throughout the procedure?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: What type of suture is used for the subcutaneous fat layer closure?

Answer: Vicryl.


Question: What outcome is expected in the immediate post-operative period?

Answer: Temporary neuropraxia.


Question: What muscle is retracted using Army-Navy retractors?

Answer: Mylohyoid muscle.


Question: Which nerve is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Lingual nerve.


Question: What is ligated in relation to the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer: Sacromotor fibers or ganglion.


Question: What glandular structure is divided from the lingual nerve?

Answer: Mandibular gland.


Question: How is the submandibular gland's duct typically positioned during the procedure?

Answer: Surrounded by glandular tissue.


Question: What is elevated to adjust the position as the patient's head is oriented downwards?

Answer: Platysmal flap.


Question: What area is being de-epithelialized?

Answer: Area surrounding the nose.


Question: Which specific veins are being preserved?

Answer: Veins of Holler.


Question: What is requested to assist in the procedure?

Answer: Tape.


Question: What is done to the tape before use?

Answer: Cutting.


Question: What instrument is used to make the incision in the aorta?

Answer: Number 15 blade.


Question: What type of sutures are used for the anastomosis?

Answer: 4-0 Prolene sutures.


Question: What surgical procedure involves the side-biting clamp?

Answer: Aorta dissection.


Question: What anatomical site is being prepared for the outflow graft anastomosis?

Answer: Aorta.


Question: What motion is used to guide the inflow cannula?

Answer: Back-and-forth motion.


Question: Which ventricle demonstrates strong contractions?

Answer: Right ventricle.


Question: What additional material is used to fortify the anastomosis?

Answer: Autologous pericardial strip.


Question: What type of suture is used to secure the graft?

Answer: 2-0 absorbable suture.


Question: What type of incision is closed during the procedure?

Answer: Vertical paravaginal incision.


Question: What is left in place for pain relief after closing the incision?

Answer: Pain-relief drain.


Question: What incision is used to approach the abdomen?

Answer: Midline laparotomy.


Question: What instrument is used to seal and divide the mesenteric vessels?

Answer: Ligature.


Question: How is the terminal ileum stapled and divided?

Answer: Just proximal to the ileocecal valve.


Question: What suture material is used to join the limbs of the small bowel?

Answer: 3-0 Vicryl.


Question: What technique is used to mark the incision lines along each limb of the small bowel?

Answer: Diathermy.


Question: What is checked for discrepancies during pouch formation?

Answer: Equal length of limbs.


Question: How are the anterior pouch walls formed?

Answer: By suturing the lateral edges of the first and third limbs.


Question: What is used to thin out mesenteric fat during the procedure?

Answer: Diathermy.


Question: What type of surgery is being performed on the right breast?

Answer: Breast preservation surgery.


Question: What technique is being used for the excision?

Answer: Split reduction technique.


Question: What shape will the final scar have in the modified approach?

Answer: Z-shaped.


Question: What type of intraoperative therapy is planned?

Answer: Intraoperative radiation therapy.


Question: What is the shape of the pattern used in the marking process for the reconstruction?

Answer: Keyhole marking for the areola.


Question: What direction is the initial dissection of the pedicle in relation to the chest wall?

Answer: Perpendicular.


Question: What is the thickness of the lateral flap being developed?

Answer: 2 centimeters.


Question: Which part of the breast is carved out initially during the parenchyma resection?

Answer: Axillary tail.


Question: What surgical instrument is used to retract the dermis laterally?

Answer: Coker.


Question: What is the purpose of achieving hemostasis during the procedure?

Answer: Control bleeding.


Question: What part of the breast is resected after creating and undermining the medial flap?

Answer: Inferior portion of the parenchyma.


Question: Which pedicles are preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Central and superior pedicles.


Question: What structure is preserved during the dissection of the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery?

Answer: External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.


Question: What method is used to ligate the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery?

Answer: 3-0 suture.


Question: What instrument is used to cut the ligament of the brain?

Answer: Bipolar electrosurgery.


Question: What anatomical structure is identified within the tracheoesophageal groove?

Answer: Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: Which artery is dissected and ligated close to the thyroid gland?

Answer: Inferior thyroid artery.


Question: What instrument is used to incise the final attachment of the thyroid to the trachea?

Answer: Monopolar cautery.


Question: Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve enter the larynx?

Answer: Cricothyroid muscle level.


Question: What is visible alongside the left recurrent laryngeal nerve entering the larynx?

Answer: Left superior and inferior parathyroid glands.


Question: What is used to achieve skin closure at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Subcutaneous sutures.


Question: What marks the completion of the procedure?

Answer: Drain charged.


Question: Which vein is being released and preserved?

Answer: Jugular vein.


Question: What incision technique is demonstrated in the video?

Answer: Glucksor-Ensen incision technique.


Question: To which layer is the incision deepened?

Answer: Subplatysmal layer.


Question: Which muscle is divided after elevating the subplatysmal flap?

Answer: Omohyoid muscle.


Question: What becomes visible after elevating the omohyoid and strap muscles?

Answer: Superior thyroid pedicle.


Question: What is done to the anterior cricoid branch of the superior thyroid?

Answer: Clipping.


Question: What requires coagulation during the procedure?

Answer: Paratracheal vessels.


Question: What structure is exposed at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Mesoappendix.


Question: Which artery is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Appendicular artery.


Question: What is the purpose of ligating the artery at its base?

Answer: Single ligation.


Question: What is positioned just distal to the crushed area of the appendix?

Answer: Clamp.


Question: What is done after securing the ligature around the appendix?

Answer: Appendix is severed.


Question: What procedure is completed at the end of the surgery?

Answer: Mucosal excision.


Question: What shape is formed by suturing the lateral edges of the defect?

Answer: Y shape.


Question: What kind of anastomosis is formed during the procedure?

Answer: Mucocutaneous anastomosis.


Question: What instrument is initially used to divide the tissue?

Answer: Linear stapler.


Question: What anatomical structure is mobilized circumferentially in the mesorectal plane?

Answer: Rectum.


Question: What is being dissected through the ischiorectal fossa?

Answer: Perineal dissection.


Question: Where is the ligature impact instrument used to divide the pelvic floor?

Answer: Near its bony pelvis insertion.


Question: What is en bloc divided with the specimen during the perineal dissection?

Answer: Posterior vaginal wall.


Question: What instrument is used to minimize bleeding during the dissection?

Answer: Ligature impact.


Question: What type of resection is being performed?

Answer: Cylindrical abdominoperineal resection.


Question: How is the abdomen temporarily closed after tumor removal?

Answer: Three silk sutures and staples.


Question: Along which margins of the flap are incisions made to the deep fascia?

Answer: Lateral and superior margins.


Question: What muscle is cut at the costal margin during the fascia division?

Answer: Rectus muscle.


Question: What muscles are exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.


Question: What nerve is mentioned but not fully exposed?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve.


Question: What structure is identified after the pectorals?

Answer: Sarcoid dorsal pedicle.


Question: What anatomical regions are demonstrated in relation to healing?

Answer: Lateral and medial pectoral regions.


Question: What vessel is referred to at the end of the video?

Answer: Adam's Galaxy.


Question: What type of suture is being used initially?

Answer: Double-armed suture with barbs.


Question: What layer is being removed first?

Answer: STA layer.


Question: What is being used to fix the nipple and areola graft temporarily?

Answer: Staples.


Question: What size suture is being prepared for securing the nipple and areola graft?

Answer: 5-0 suture.


Question: What surgical procedure is done on the chest wall for graft preparation?

Answer: De-epithelialization.


Question: What type of incision is made first in the procedure?

Answer: Skin flap incision.


Question: What is being carefully dissected after the incision?

Answer: Subcutaneous tissue.


Question: What anatomical structure's integrity is maintained during the dissection?

Answer: Subcutaneous pedicle.


Question: Where is the flap advanced into?

Answer: Anal area.


Question: How is the base of the triangular flap attached to the mucosal layer?

Answer: Interrupted sutures.


Question: Which muscle is the focus in the video?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: Which nerve is carefully identified in the video to avoid damage?

Answer: Facial nerve.


Question: What is the name of the superior trunk of the facial nerve observed in the video?

Answer: Temporofacial trunk.


Question: Which branches arise from the temporofacial trunk as shown in the video?

Answer: Temporal and zygomatic branches.


Question: Which branch is traced back to its origin at the cervical trunk in the video?

Answer: Marginal mandibular nerve.


Question: What surgical technique is emphasized when the visibility of the facial nerve is compromised?

Answer: Tracing the marginal mandibular nerve back to its origin.


Question: In the video, which branch is identified by examining the nerve's upper and lower trunks?

Answer: Temporal branch or cervical branch.


Question: What instrument assists in area effacement during the procedure?

Answer: Lone Star retractor.


Question: What technique is used to prevent injury to the vaginal wall during dissection?

Answer: Inserting a finger for guidance.


Question: How is the final section divided in the procedure?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: What suture type is used for the multilayered closure?

Answer: Non-absorbable suture.


Question: What is used to achieve hemostasis during the procedure?

Answer: Copious irrigation.


Question: What is being approximated before the skin closure?

Answer: Subcutaneous tissue.


Question: What anatomical area contains sentinel lymph nodes being examined?

Answer: Pre-sacral area.


Question: What structures were potentially misinterpreted due to their histological appearance?

Answer: Lymph node and germinal center.


Question: What additional pathology is indicated in the findings?

Answer: Lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Question: What was removed along with the left parathyroid gland?

Answer: Surrounding fat tissue.


Question: What is the initial surgical condition being managed?

Answer: Obstructed epigastric hernia.


Question: What surgical step follows cleaning the hernia area?

Answer: Achieving hemostasis.


Question: What is inserted after closing the space around the hernia?

Answer: Mesh.


Question: What is examined to confirm the absence of gangrene?

Answer: Intestine.


Question: What instrument is initially inserted through the muscle to the posterior fascia?

Answer: Kelly clamp.


Question: What procedure is performed on the posterior fascia?

Answer: Incision.


Question: What is used to achieve hemostasis at the fascial defect site?

Answer: Lap sponge.


Question: How is the distal end of the bowel marked?

Answer: With a brown chromic tag.


Question: What instrument is used to penetrate the mesentery?

Answer: Tonsil clamp.


Question: What material is used for the interrupted figure-of-eight sutures in the midline closure?

Answer: O-sized monofilament absorbable material.


Question: What is positioned after the Pravena system is placed?

Answer: Stoma rod.


Question: What position is the patient's arm in during the surgery?

Answer: Abducted.


Question: What type of incision is used in the procedure?

Answer: Inframammary incision.


Question: What anatomical structure are the skin flaps elevated to medially?

Answer: Sternal border.


Question: What is removed separately from the mastectomy specimen?

Answer: Axillary lymph node clearance specimen.


Question: What type of incision is used to approach the appendicular lump?

Answer: MacBurney's incision.


Question: Which surgical instrument might be used to make a small nick on the sheath?

Answer: Blade or cautery.


Question: Which anatomical structure is opened along the length of the incision?

Answer: External oblique sheath.


Question: What anatomical structure is moved medially during the procedure?

Answer: Tract.


Question: What incision is made to accommodate the tract's trajectory?

Answer: Step ladder incision.


Question: What muscle is lifted to reveal the external jugular vein?

Answer: Platysma muscle.


Question: What vein communicates with the anterior jugular vein?

Answer: External jugular vein.


Question: How is the cyst tract delivered from the lower to upper incision?

Answer: Tunneling technique.


Question: What anatomical structure must be carefully separated under endoscopic guidance?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: Where is the tract ligated?

Answer: Inferior section.


Question: What sheath is being opened?

Answer: External oblique sheath.


Question: What muscle is exposed after opening the sheath?

Answer: Underlying muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to separate the muscles?

Answer: Artery forceps.


Question: What retractor is used to establish the surgical field?

Answer: Right angle retractor.


Question: What is checked for upon entering the peritoneum?

Answer: Adhesions.


Question: Which artery is visible in the carotid triangle?

Answer: Common carotid artery.


Question: Which nerve is visible alongside the carotid arteries?

Answer: Vagus nerve.


Question: Which vein has been removed in the specimen?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: Which artery is located deeper compared to the facial vein?

Answer: Facial artery.


Question: What muscle forms one of the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle.


Question: What is demonstrated about the basilic vein in the video?

Answer: Tunneling towards the brachial artery.


Question: What is flushed through the basilic vein to verify positioning?

Answer: Heparinized saline.


Question: Which instrument is used for the arteriotomy on the brachial artery?

Answer: 11 blade.


Question: What instrument is used to extend the incision on the brachial artery?

Answer: Potts scissors.


Question: What type of suture is used for the anastomosis?

Answer: 6-0 Prolene.


Question: What remains clamped to prevent complications after the proximal clamp is released?

Answer: Distal brachial artery.


Question: What type of incision is being used for the procedure?

Answer: Mini laparotomy incision.


Question: What is used to achieve exposure during the procedure?

Answer: Moistened laparotomy pads.


Question: What anatomical structure is delivered into the operating field for examination?

Answer: Sigmoid colon.


Question: What is used to identify the location of the tumor?

Answer: A tattoo.


Question: What instrument is used to create and enlarge a window in the sigmoid descending mesocolon?

Answer: Bipolar energy device.


Question: What type of clamp is applied to the bowel during transection?

Answer: Blocked POTS clamp.


Question: What type of anastomosis is performed?

Answer: Side-to-end anastomosis.


Question: What instrument is used to close the transected colon?

Answer: TA60 stapler.


Question: What is the purpose of the moist gauze around the anvil?

Answer: To prevent intestinal injury.


Question: Which artery's pedicle is divided using an open approach?

Answer: Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) pedicle.


Question: What anatomical structure is visible in the top left corner for orientation?

Answer: Fallopian tube.


Question: What part of the uterus is being manipulated in the procedure?

Answer: Long axis.


Question: What instrument serves as a landmark for delineating the edge of the bladder?

Answer: Foley catheter balloon.


Question: Which anatomical structure is assessed and palpated using the thumb and forefinger?

Answer: Cervix.


Question: What instrument is used transvaginally to locate the anterior vaginal fornix?

Answer: Empty sponge stick.


Question: What procedure is created over the sponge stick?

Answer: Anterior colpotomy.


Question: Which type of clamp is used at the cervico-vaginal junction?

Answer: Curved Haney clamps.


Question: How are the pedicles secured after division?

Answer: Suture ligature in a Haney transfixion stitch.


Question: What anatomical ligament is incorporated in the final suture bites posteriorly?

Answer: Uterosacral ligament.


Question: What stitch is used to secure the posterior pedicle on each side?

Answer: Horizontal mattress stitch.


Question: What is the initial incision length?

Answer: Approximately 5 cm.


Question: Which anatomical structure is opened after the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer: Scarpa's fascia.


Question: What muscle's aponeurosis is opened after Scarpa's fascia?

Answer: External oblique muscle.


Question: What is done to the muscle fibers after the external oblique aponeurosis is opened?

Answer: Atraumatic spreading of the muscle fibers.


Question: What becomes visible after the muscle fibers are spread?

Answer: Posterior aponeurosis.


Question: Which anatomical structure is identified following the teniae coli?

Answer: Appendix.


Question: What is the condition of the appendix as determined in the video?

Answer: Inflamed.


Question: What change in the visual appearance indicates effective application of epinephrine?

Answer: Whitish color due to vessel constriction.


Question: What instrument is introduced through the incision for fat removal?

Answer: Liposuction cannula.


Question: What color indicates the effectiveness of the epinephrine application?

Answer: Whitish.


Question: What tool is used to accumulate the removed fat?

Answer: Liposuction tubing.


Question: What is the visual indication of further progress in the procedure?

Answer: The gland becomes palpable.


Question: What is applied around the wound's border to enhance adherence?

Answer: Benzoin.


Question: What is assessed to ensure full coverage of the wound area?

Answer: Pravena system.


Question: What method is used to assess the coverage of the Pravena system?

Answer: Running the blunt end of an instrument around the sponge.


Question: What needs to be inserted through the mesenteric defect?

Answer: Stoma rod.


Question: What action is taken after the dressing is completed?

Answer: Suction is applied.


Question: What veins were exposed and identified in the video?

Answer: Superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, and splenic vein.


Question: What anatomical feature is used as a reference point for lymph node dissection within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer: Common hepatic node.


Question: Which arteries are exposed after elevating the common hepatic node?

Answer: Common hepatic artery and hepatic artery proper.


Question: What tool is used to assess the pulsations of the common hepatic artery and hepatic artery proper?

Answer: Bulldog clamp.


Question: What procedure is performed after ensuring no celiac trunk stenosis?

Answer: Cholecystectomy.


Question: Which artery is ligated in the video?

Answer: Gastroduodenal artery.


Question: What is the suggested margin for the ligation of the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer: Half-centimeter margin.


Question: Where is the tip of the instrument held during the procedure?

Answer: Above the pectoral region.


Question: What ligament is being located in the procedure?

Answer: Halsted ligament.


Question: What is adjusted to improve visibility during the surgery?

Answer: Light.


Question: What is the shape of the Halsted ligament described in the video?

Answer: Sickle-shaped.


Question: Which veins are distinguished in the surgical procedure?

Answer: Axillary and subclavian veins.


Question: What type of switch is requested during the procedure?

Answer: Bipolar foot switch.


Question: What is suggested to prevent complications with lymphatic tissue?

Answer: Ligation.


Question: What procedure is completed to connect the jejunum to the pancreas?

Answer: Pancreaticojejunostomy.


Question: What is the next procedure after completing the pancreaticojejunostomy?

Answer: Hepaticojejunostomy.


Question: What structures are accessed for the hepaticojejunostomy?

Answer: Right and left hepatic ducts.


Question: What is used to facilitate the opening of the bile duct?

Answer: Pre-placed sutures.


Question: What type of sutures are used for the hepaticojejunostomy?

Answer: Vicryl or PDS sutures.


Question: What action is being performed beneath the skin without the liposuction machine activated?

Answer: Striations are being made.


Question: What is the color of the extracted fat?

Answer: Pure yellow.


Question: What tool will be used to continue the body sculpting procedure?

Answer: Fine cannula.


Question: What is being emphasized as absent during the extraction?

Answer: Excessive bleeding.


Question: What muscle is approximated during the anterior levatorplasty?

Answer: Levator muscle.


Question: What type of sutures are used in the procedure?

Answer: Polyglycletine sutures.


Question: What technique is used for repairing the external anal sphincter?

Answer: End-to-end technique.


Question: What anatomical structure is highlighted in the axillary dissection?

Answer: Axillary vein.


Question: What nerve is identified visually and is deeper within the fascia?

Answer: Nerve to the serratus anterior.


Question: What muscle guides access to the axilla?

Answer: Pectoralis major.


Question: What muscles are visible in the axillary dissection?

Answer: Pectoralis major and minor.


Question: What position is the focus shifted to?

Answer: 12 o'clock position.


Question: What anatomical structure is being elevated and secured during the procedure?

Answer: Rectovaginal septal fascia.


Question: Which tool is used to recreate the triangular shape of the perineum?

Answer: Alice clamps.


Question: At what position is a relaxing incision performed if the anal canal is too tight?

Answer: 6 o'clock position.


Question: What is being tested in the anal canal after the perineal body is reconstructed?

Answer: Constriction.


Question: What type of sutures are used for closing the abdominal wound?

Answer: Absorbable.


Question: Which layer is sometimes left open during closure?

Answer: Peritoneal layer.


Question: What type of sutures are used for skin closure?

Answer: Non-absorbable monofilament sutures.


Question: What is injected into the fistula to illuminate the pilonidal tracts?

Answer: Methylene blue.


Question: What is the purpose of injecting methylene blue?

Answer: To illuminate the pilonidal tracts.


Question: Which flap technique is used in this procedure?

Answer: Dufourmentel flap.


Question: What anatomical structure is incorporated in the flap?

Answer: Gluteal fascia.


Question: What technique is used to handle the subcutaneous tract in the left buttock?

Answer: Curettage.


Question: What type of flap is mobilized in the procedure?

Answer: Caridacus flap.


Question: What method is used to close the wound?

Answer: Deep and superficial sutures.


Question: Which anatomical structures are primarily involved in the flap mobilization?

Answer: Subcutaneous tissues.


Question: What anatomical anomaly is observed during the procedure?

Answer: Non-recurrent right laryngeal nerve.


Question: Which nerve is noted to have an upward course directed laterally during the surgery?

Answer: Right laryngeal nerve.


Question: What glands are identified and preserved during the surgery?

Answer: Parathyroid glands.


Question: What ligament is mentioned as being clipped in the procedure?

Answer: Barry's ligament.


Question: Which structures are verified at the conclusion of the video?

Answer: Left total lobectomy.


Question: What tool is used to hook the appendix?

Answer: Backcock tool.


Question: What technique is used to achieve hemostasis over the appendicular artery?

Answer: Free tie ligation.


Question: What is being monitored to prevent perforation?

Answer: Base of the appendix and sacral wall.


Question: What structure is dissected after securing the appendix?

Answer: Mesoappendix.


Question: What is used to transfix the base of the appendix?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Modified radical neck dissection.


Question: What instrument is used for the initial skin incision?

Answer: Size 10 blade.


Question: Which nerve is identified and preserved anteriorly?

Answer: Marginal mandibular nerve.


Question: What gland is exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: What instrument is used for the inferior incision?

Answer: Plasma blade.


Question: What vessel is observed and ligated during the procedure?

Answer: Facial artery.


Question: What type of incision is typically made during this procedure?

Answer: Small lower midline incision.


Question: What is the preferred suture type for this procedure?

Answer: Interrupted silk sutures.


Question: Where are stay sutures placed during pouch creation?

Answer: Convex side of the pouch.


Question: Which surgical instrument is utilized for pouch creation?

Answer: Ethicon 75 stapler.


Question: What cartridge load is used with the stapler?

Answer: Blue-load cartridge.


Question: What is a critical consideration when repositioning the stapler?

Answer: Avoiding inclusion of the mesentery.


Question: Which area is the surgical procedure focusing on?

Answer: Around the nipple.


Question: What underlying structure supports the area being worked on?

Answer: Fatty tissue.


Question: What procedure is being evaluated for necessity during the surgery?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: What is being assessed in the surgical area?

Answer: Excessive fullness.


Question: What anatomical structure is directly visualized during the surgery?

Answer: Epiglottis.


Question: What abnormality is observed during the surgery?

Answer: Tumor.


Question: What specific area is the mucosa separated from during the procedure?

Answer: Cartilaginous structures.


Question: What is the purpose of making incisions along the uninvolved side of the epiglottis?

Answer: Preservation of mucosal tissue.


Question: Which anatomical part of the larynx is dissected to prevent mucosal injury?

Answer: Superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage.


Question: What plane is elevated when dividing the perichondrium?

Answer: Sub-perichondrial plane.


Question: What fold is involved in the incisions around the tumor?

Answer: Aryepiglottic fold.


Question: What instrument is used to make the initial skin incision?

Answer: Scalpel.


Question: Which muscle is severed in this procedure?

Answer: Platysma.


Question: What anatomical plane is utilized to raise the superior flap?

Answer: Subplatysmal plane.


Question: Which artery is identified and tied during the procedure?

Answer: Superior thyroid artery.


Question: Which nerve is visualized and protected to prevent injury?

Answer: Superior laryngeal nerve.


Question: What is used to coagulate the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery?

Answer: Bipolar instruments.


Question: What type of block is administered at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Pudendal block.


Question: What is palpated at the 5 o'clock position before introducing the laser fiber?

Answer: External sphincter.


Question: What is placed inside the rectum to protect the mucosa during laser fiber use?

Answer: Finger.


Question: How is the spasm resolved during the procedure?

Answer: By delivering energy with the laser.


Question: What instrument is used to confirm successful sphincterotomy after the spasm resolves?

Answer: Circular anal dilator.


Question: What is the diameter of the circular anal dilator used in the procedure?

Answer: 3 cm.


Question: What anatomical structure is excised after lifting it and revealing a fissure beneath?

Answer: Skin tag.


Question: What shape incision is used to excise the skin tag?

Answer: V-shaped.


Question: At what position is the V-incision technique repeated?

Answer: 6 o'clock position.


Question: What instrument is introduced to address internal hemorrhoids?

Answer: Anoscope.


Question: What grades are the internal hemorrhoids identified as during the procedure?

Answer: Grade 1 and grade 2.


Question: What instrument is used for hemostasis?

Answer: Coterie.


Question: What is observed after entering the abdominal cavity?

Answer: Appendiceal mass.


Question: What technique is used to separate the surrounding omentum?

Answer: Finger dissection.


Question: What structure is positioned over the tumor mass?

Answer: Superior segment of the internal jugular vein.


Question: What structure is visible during the procedure?

Answer: Carotid bifurcation.


Question: Which muscle is divided during the procedure?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: At what level does the procedure reach during the video?

Answer: Mastoid process.


Question: What nerve remains undivided during the observed procedure?

Answer: Inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve.


Question: What is done to the cut ends of the internal jugular vein?

Answer: Tied off.


Question: Which nerve can be seen disappearing deep to the digastric muscle?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: Which gland is excised during the level 1 dissection?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: What structure is retracted during the procedure?

Answer: Digastric tendon.


Question: Which artery is secured during the video?

Answer: Facial artery.


Question: What type of scalpel is used for dissection?

Answer: Ultrasonic scalpel.


Question: What type of forceps are used for retraction?

Answer: Babcock-type forceps.


Question: Where is the pouch mobilization focused after the upper abdomen?

Answer: Pelvis.


Question: What anatomical feature serves as a reference in the dissection plane?

Answer: Sacral promontory.


Question: Which incision technique is used for marking on the patient's skin?

Answer: Mid-neck incision.


Question: What instrument is used to raise subplatysmal flaps?

Answer: Sen retractor.


Question: What is the positioning of the patient during the surgery as per the video?

Answer: Head to the right, feet to the left.


Question: What anatomical area is the cranial flap extended to?

Answer: Thyroid notch.


Question: What structure is preserved during the creation of subplatysmal flaps?

Answer: Anterior jugular veins.


Question: Which vein is encountered first in this video of thyroidectomy?

Answer: Right middle thyroid vein.


Question: What is the purpose of using bupivacaine in this surgical procedure?

Answer: Preemptive analgesia.


Question: Where should the superior pole vascular pedicle be ligated?

Answer: On the anterior surface of the superior pole.


Question: Which artery is being ligated in the procedure?

Answer: Facial artery.


Question: Which muscles are shown in conjunction with the facial artery in the submandibular triangle?

Answer: Digastric and myeloid muscles.


Question: What anatomical area is highlighted for dissection in the procedure?

Answer: Submandibular triangle.


Question: Which lymph nodes are being dissected lateral and medial to the internal jugular vein?

Answer: Level 2 lymph nodes.


Question: What nerve's position is noted during the neck dissection?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What structures are demonstrated in the neck dissection at the end of the video?

Answer: Internal jugular vein, superior thyroid artery, and sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is preserved during the operation?

Answer: Left ureter.


Question: What is observed in the retroperitoneum during the procedure?

Answer: Fibrosis.


Question: What type of instrument is used for dissection during medial mobilization of the sigmoid mesocolon?

Answer: Bipolar energy device.


Question: What technique is used to release retroperitoneal attachments of the sigmoid mesocolon?

Answer: Blunt finger dissection.


Question: Where are diverticula observed during the procedure?

Answer: Descending and sigmoid colon.


Question: What anatomical structure's vermiculation is observed in the retroperitoneum?

Answer: Ureter.


Question: What plane is confirmed protected during the examination of the retroperitoneum?

Answer: Gerota's fascia.


Question: What procedural approach is taken to mobilize the colon and ensure sufficient length free from diverticula?

Answer: Lateral to medial mobilization.


Question: What tissue is being retracted?

Answer: Fibro-fatty tissue.


Question: Which nerve is being approached?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What cautery method should not be used near the nerve?

Answer: Monopolar cautery.


Question: What muscle fibers are visible?

Answer: Splenius capitis and levator scapulae.


Question: What should be avoided when retracting tissue?

Answer: Going deeper than the fascia carpet.


Question: What technique is used to determine the final diameter of the areola?

Answer: Areolotome.


Question: What type of mastectomy pattern is used on the left breast?

Answer: Vertical pattern.


Question: Which part of the breast is accessed first in the incision?

Answer: Lower part.


Question: What is retained during the dissection of the medial segment?

Answer: Autologous tissue.


Question: Where is the implant placed during the procedure?

Answer: Pre-pectoral position.


Question: What is used to mark the skin before removal?

Answer: Blue dye.


Question: What is the initial incision made during the procedure?

Answer: Periareolar incision.


Question: What shape is the incision made to remove the cancer?

Answer: Triangular incision.


Question: What is the patient prepared for at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Surgery.


Question: Where is local anesthesia administered?

Answer: Into the breast.


Question: What surgical procedure is being completed?

Answer: Bilateral mastectomy.


Question: What instrument is used to trim the flaps?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What material is used for drainage?

Answer: Silicone rubber tubes.


Question: Where do the drains exit the body?

Answer: Above the armpit.


Question: What is temporarily used to close the incisions?

Answer: Staples.


Question: What instrument is used for subcutaneous dissection?

Answer: Diathermy.


Question: What is contained within the chronic abscess cavity?

Answer: Hairs.


Question: Where is the dissection taken down to ensure complete excision?

Answer: Periosteum.


Question: Where does the additional subcutaneous tract extend to?

Answer: Fat of the buttock.


Question: What structure is exposed after the posterior hepatic nodes have been addressed?

Answer: Portal vein.


Question: What procedure is performed on the duodenojejunal junction?

Answer: Transection.


Question: Which part of the stomach is typically removed during distal gastrectomy?

Answer: Antrum.


Question: What type of sutures are used on the pancreas?

Answer: Silk 3-0 sutures.


Question: What artery is ligated to further expose the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.


Question: Which instrument is used on the right side of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer: Harmonic scalpel.


Question: What duct is exposed by effectively managing mesopancreatic and lymph nodal tissues?

Answer: Common Bile Duct (CBD).


Question: What surgical procedure is being demonstrated?

Answer: Mastectomy.


Question: What anatomical feature is used to perform the mastectomy?

Answer: Inframammary groove.


Question: What is the focus of the surgical approach during the mastectomy?

Answer: Reducing subcutaneous tissue.


Question: What anatomical feature aids in the visualization during the procedure?

Answer: Areolar tissue.


Question: What is the first nerve branch identified and traced?

Answer: Temporal nerve.


Question: Which tissue is excised after identifying the temporal and zygomatic branches?

Answer: Intervening tissue.


Question: What is being lifted gradually during the procedure?

Answer: Tumor.


Question: What step demonstrates the standard method of isolating nerve branches?

Answer: Sequential nerve branch identification.


Question: Which suture material is used for suturing subcutaneous fat?

Answer: Vicryl.


Question: What instrument is used to make the initial incision?

Answer: Bovie electrocautery.


Question: What technique is used to enter at the base of the umbilicus?

Answer: Blunt technique.


Question: What is the purpose of triangulating the ports?

Answer: To optimize ergonomic positioning.


Question: What incision is outlined during the procedure?

Answer: Pfannenstiel incision.


Question: What is used to visualize the procedure under direct vision?

Answer: Laparoscope.


Question: What structure is marked with a tattoo?

Answer: Tumor.


Question: What artery is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Inferior mesenteric artery.


Question: What technique is employed after positioning the gel port?

Answer: Hand-assist technique.


Question: What is the position of the finger and thumb during landmark identification?

Answer: Finger on the aorta, thumb on the sacral promontory.


Question: What is being inserted during the procedure?

Answer: Needle.


Question: What is monitored to verify successful needle placement?

Answer: Flow of cerebrospinal fluid.


Question: What indicates successful needle placement?

Answer: Emergence of fluid.


Question: What is encountered during the needle insertion?

Answer: Resistance from the ligament.


Question: What anatomical area exhibits swelling in the video?

Answer: Perianal area.


Question: Which vessels are being cleared in the procedure?

Answer: Transverse cervical vessels.


Question: What muscle is sectioned during the procedure?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: Which anatomical structure is preserved during the dissection?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: Where is the surgeon focusing the dissection related to fascia?

Answer: Floor of the scalene fascia.


Question: What type of pathological finding is encountered?

Answer: Metastasis.


Question: Which nerves are located near the sacrificed veins?

Answer: Vagus nerve.


Question: What is being dried around the vessels during the procedure?

Answer: Fascia.


Question: What is used to secure the residual stump of the appendix?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What is cauterized after securing the appendicular stump?

Answer: Mucosa.


Question: What technique can be used for cauterizing the mucosa?

Answer: Cauterizing machine.


Question: What is done to the appendicular stump after the specimen is removed?

Answer: Repositioned internally.


Question: What may be used if there is significant inflammation at the base of the appendix?

Answer: Bursting sutures.


Question: What is confirmed before closing the abdominal cavity?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: What type of incision is made initially during the procedure?

Answer: Incision above the pubis.


Question: What is used to protect the incision over the pubis?

Answer: Plastic drape.


Question: What is being confirmed about the colon during the procedure?

Answer: Proper mobilization.


Question: How is the anal G pouch anastomosis performed?

Answer: Hands-free with cardinal stitches.


Question: What type of suture is used for the anastomosis?

Answer: Absorbable braided 2-0 polysorb.


Question: What additional surgical procedure is performed after the anastomosis?

Answer: Protective ileostomy.


Question: What technique is used to address potential bleeding?

Answer: Cauterization.


Question: Which muscle is identified in the video?

Answer: Platysma muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to elevate the flap?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What anatomical structure is being observed with the goal of locating a plane?

Answer: Thyroid capsule and fascia.


Question: What is Alice instructed to use to examine for bleeding?

Answer: A sponge.


Question: What incision technique is used in the procedure?

Answer: Grid iron incision.


Question: What anatomical point is the initial incision made over?

Answer: McBurney's point.


Question: What instrument is used to incise the skin?

Answer: Blade.


Question: What instrument is used for the dissection of subcutaneous tissue?

Answer: Artery forceps.


Question: What structure is nipped to expose underlying muscles?

Answer: External oblique aponeurosis.


Question: What muscles are split to expose the peritoneum?

Answer: Internal oblique and transverse abdominus muscles.


Question: What instrument is used to cut the peritoneum?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What organ is elevated to expose the appendix?

Answer: Cecum.


Question: What abnormal finding is palpated inside the appendix?

Answer: Fecalith.


Question: What instrument is used to grasp the appendix?

Answer: BIP COC forceps.


Question: What tool is used to apply the ligature to the appendix?

Answer: YL10.


Question: What instrument is used to crush the mesoappendix?

Answer: Artery forceps.


Question: What final check is performed at the site of dissection?

Answer: Check for bleeding.


Question: What is used to numb the patient's mouth initially?

Answer: Lignocaine spray.


Question: What procedure is performed to address the extravasation cyst?

Answer: Aspiration.


Question: What is the color of the dome that indicates the site of the leak?

Answer: Blue.


Question: What is a visible indication of the leak after aspiration?

Answer: Small blue dome.


Question: What surgical step is planned to seal the area of the leak?

Answer: Placing a stitch.


Question: What challenge is presented by the mass during extraction?

Answer: Tentacle-like extensions adhered to the skin and underlying structures.


Question: What devices are used to separate the mass from the surrounding tissue?

Answer: Fingers and an electrosurgery device.


Question: What anatomical structure is revealed during the surgery?

Answer: Pectoral muscle.


Question: What procedure is used for contour adjustments after mass removal?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: What part of the tissue is left intact for cosmetic reasons?

Answer: Tissue under the nipple-areola complex.


Question: What does the extracted mass reveal upon examination?

Answer: Attachment to the muscle and surface composition.


Question: Where is the incision made?

Answer: Inferior to the jawline.


Question: What instrument is used for coagulation?

Answer: Harmonic synergy.


Question: What instrument is used to assist in retracting the skin?

Answer: Skin hooks.


Question: What type of flap is developed first?

Answer: Superior skin flap.


Question: What technology is used for dissection?

Answer: Harmonic Focus Plus.


Question: What anatomical structure is transected with the Focus Plus?

Answer: External jugular venous pedicle.


Question: What surgical technique is used to remove the adenoma?

Answer: Blunt dissection.


Question: What color is the adenoma described as?

Answer: Brown.


Question: What is inspected after the adenoma extraction to ensure safety?

Answer: Bleeding vessels.


Question: What is identified as a lymph gland during the dissection?

Answer: Small gland presumed to be parathyroid.


Question: What is used to ligate the superior parathyroid gland?

Answer: Ligaclip.


Question: What type of biopsy is taken during the procedure?

Answer: Thyroid biopsy.


Question: What anatomical structure is being exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Vessel.


Question: What is being sent for frozen section analysis?

Answer: Lymph nodes.


Question: What pathological condition is complicating the procedure?

Answer: Endometriotic disease.


Question: Which side has a more cranial target area?

Answer: Left side.


Question: What type of surgery is being performed in the video?

Answer: Four-gland exploration.


Question: What is the function of the peanut instrument in the procedure?

Answer: Retracting and maintaining a clear field.


Question: What anatomical structure is medialized to reveal the internal jugular vein?

Answer: Thyroid gland.


Question: Which instrument is used for circumferential dissection of the parathyroid gland?

Answer: Bipolar forceps.


Question: What is the visual indication of the main blood supply to the parathyroid gland?

Answer: Sentinel vessel.


Question: What vessel is identified as pulsating during the surgical procedure?

Answer: Common carotid artery.


Question: Where is the parathyroid adenoma located in relation to the carotid artery and thyroid gland?

Answer: Between the carotid artery and the thyroid gland.


Question: What instrument is used on the posterior aspect of the limbus?

Answer: Keratome.


Question: What is injected into the anterior chamber?

Answer: Air bubble.


Question: What tool is used to perform capsulorhexis?

Answer: Uterine forceps.


Question: What complication is noted at the six o'clock position during capsulorhexis?

Answer: General adhesions.


Question: What procedure is performed after capsulorhexis?

Answer: Hydrodissection.


Question: What is the condition of the nucleus during the procedure?

Answer: Central part is hard.


Question: What instrument is introduced into the anterior chamber with its tip facing downward?

Answer: Phacoemulsification needle.


Question: What is the vacuum setting used during the procedure?

Answer: 450.


Question: What vessel is initially divided and ligated?

Answer: Artery.


Question: In which direction is the flap dissected?

Answer: Cranial to caudal.


Question: What neurovascular structures are divided during the flap dissection?

Answer: Segmental neurovascular pedicles.


Question: Which artery pedicle is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Deep inferior epigastric artery pedicle.


Question: What is done to the pedicle to prevent kinking during transposition?

Answer: Skeletonized.


Question: To what degree is the flap rotated on its long axis?

Answer: 180 degrees.


Question: What anatomical area is first passed through by the cranial tip of the flap?

Answer: Pelvis.


Question: What is used to secure the temporary location of the flap within the skin defect?

Answer: Staples.


Question: What type of sutures are used for the final skin closure?

Answer: Nylon sutures.


Question: How is the abdomen closed during the closure process?

Answer: In layers.


Question: What technique is used for the mastopexy on the right side?

Answer: Wise pattern.


Question: How much fat grafting is performed on the left breast?

Answer: 275 cc.


Question: What instrument is used for diathermy?

Answer: Monopolar diathermy.


Question: Which anatomical structure is exposed during the dissection?

Answer: Carotid sheath.


Question: What indicates the presence of metastases?

Answer: Enlarged lymph node.


Question: What surgical technique is used with the 20 blade?

Answer: Sharp dissection.


Question: Which vein is being dissected along its length?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: What is used to prevent mesenteric encroachment during the firing of the circular stapler?

Answer: Stay sutures.


Question: What instrument is positioned after the use of stay sutures?

Answer: Anvil of the circular stapler.


Question: What is visible after securing the suture?

Answer: The completed J-pouch and anvil with 3-0 Prolene.


Question: What is the diameter of the circular stapler being used?

Answer: 31mm.


Question: Through which area is the circular stapler inserted?

Answer: Anorectal area.


Question: What anatomical structures are retracted to facilitate division above the dentate line?

Answer: Rectum and levator ani.


Question: What muscle is being divided in the procedure?

Answer: Omohyoid muscle.


Question: Which instrument is often combined with scissors for dissection?

Answer: Bipolar instruments.


Question: What structure becomes clearly exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: What is maintained to ensure safer dissection techniques?

Answer: Avascular planes.


Question: What is identified along the internal jugular vein?

Answer: Thin fascial plane.


Question: What happens to the internal jugular vein during the procedure?

Answer: Practically skeletonized.


Question: What becomes visible lateral to the vein during the procedure?

Answer: Lymph nodes.


Question: What is being removed during the procedure?

Answer: A significant mass.


Question: What technique is used to prevent tissue clumping?

Answer: Waffle technique.


Question: What is the purpose of quilting stitches in this procedure?

Answer: To prevent seroma or hematoma.


Question: What is the goal of the procedure in terms of chest appearance?

Answer: To make the chest aesthetically match the previously controlled side.


Question: What does the quilting technique connect in the procedure?

Answer: Connects the muscle to the skin.


Question: What muscle is carefully lifted during the procedure?

Answer: Pectoralis major.


Question: What instrument is used to remove fat between the pectoralis major and minor?

Answer: Rotors.


Question: What happens when the lateral end is cut to open the axilla?

Answer: Awareness of pectoral nerves.


Question: Which vein is traced and revealed during the procedure?

Answer: Axillary vein.


Question: Which nerve is identified running along the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve of Bell.


Question: Which structures accompany the thoracodorsal pedicle along the posterior axillary fold?

Answer: Artery and vein.


Question: What is preserved to protect the long thoracic nerve of Bell's entry point?

Answer: Junction where the long thoracic nerve enters.


Question: What tissue type is visually identified as firm and white?

Answer: Glandular tissue.


Question: What is used to aid in the removal of the tumor?

Answer: Twisting motion.


Question: What is revealed about the tumor during the extraction?

Answer: Previously attached to muscle.


Question: What is demonstrated for retracting the skin?

Answer: Retracting the surrounding skin.


Question: Why is fat retention around the muscle emphasized?

Answer: For contouring purposes.


Question: What artery is being exposed at the beginning of the video?

Answer: Transverse cervical artery.


Question: What nerve is identified beneath the scalene muscles during the procedure?

Answer: Phrenic nerve.


Question: What major structures are exposed after retracting the vein medially?

Answer: Vagus nerve and carotid artery.


Question: What muscle is used as a reference point during the dissection?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: Which lymph node levels are identified as removed during the dissection?

Answer: Levels 4 and 3.


Question: What is described as slightly bulky during the lymph node dissection?

Answer: Level 2 lymph nodes.


Question: Which nerve's proximity is highlighted as a risk during dissection near the carotid artery?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: Which nerve is mentioned as emerging through the bifurcation of the carotid artery?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: What process is the focus of the video segment?

Answer: Closing the rectus.


Question: What material is used for suturing the rectus?

Answer: Proline.


Question: What must be avoided while suturing the rectus?

Answer: Injuring the bowel.


Question: What additional suture material is mentioned as a possible requirement during closure?

Answer: Metal suture.


Question: What type of suture is being used?

Answer: Dissolving sutures.


Question: What is the function of the sutures in the wound closure?

Answer: Inverting the wound edges.


Question: What is administered for pain relief?

Answer: Local anesthetic.


Question: What anatomical feature is referred to as a 'tail' during the procedure?

Answer: Lateral tissue.


Question: What specific surgical technique is used along the lateral border of the pectoralis major?

Answer: Double-breasting technique.


Question: Where is one of the drains positioned in relation to the flap?

Answer: Inframammary region.


Question: What is the implant size used during the procedure?

Answer: 225cc.


Question: What aspect of the flap is demonstrated at the beginning of the video?

Answer: Posterior aspect.


Question: How many total drains are used in the procedure?

Answer: Two drains.


Question: What is the purpose of using the coring knife during the procedure?

Answer: To penetrate the ventricle.


Question: What instrument is used to excise remaining cardiac tissue?

Answer: Metzenbaum scissors.


Question: What type of sutures are placed around the orifice?

Answer: Horizontal pledgetted mattress sutures.


Question: How many sutures are typically used to encircle the orifice?

Answer: 12 sutures.


Question: What is inserted into the LV apex after blood emerges?

Answer: Sump.


Question: What does the valve suture guide aid in placing?

Answer: LV apical sutures.


Question: What is the orientation of the coring knife when penetrating the ventricle?

Answer: Angled towards the mitral valve.


Question: What tool is used to mark the cannulation site?

Answer: A marking tool (implied by 'selected and marked').


Question: What type of incision is made in the procedure?

Answer: Transverse neck incision.


Question: What flap is created at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Subplatysmal flap.


Question: Which nerve is being preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Marginal mandibular nerve.


Question: What structures are managed by securing during the flap raising?

Answer: Facial artery and facial vein.


Question: What is the purpose of lowering the submandibular gland in this procedure?

Answer: To adequately expose it.


Question: What is the initial surgical procedure being performed?

Answer: Entering the intersphincteric space.


Question: What technique is used to seal the extensions?

Answer: Laser fiber.


Question: Where is the incision placed to expose the superficial external sphincter?

Answer: Midline.


Question: What anatomical structure is targeted by the laser on the left side?

Answer: Levator ani muscles.


Question: What position is the laser fiber maneuvering towards on the right side?

Answer: F position.


Question: What type of incision is made initially in the video?

Answer: Semicircular incision.


Question: What is the procedure being performed in the video?

Answer: Vertical mastopexy.


Question: What anatomical area is the focus of the incision?

Answer: Nipple and areola.


Question: What is shown after the dissection is completed?

Answer: Excised portion of breast tissue.


Question: What is demonstrated by a blue mark in the video?

Answer: Original position of the inframammary crease.


Question: What structures are sewn together during the procedure?

Answer: Breast pillars.


Question: How much tissue is removed from the right side?

Answer: 100 grams.


Question: How much tissue is removed from the left side?

Answer: 50 grams.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Sialidocoplasty.


Question: What anatomical structure is the focus of the procedure?

Answer: Wharton's duct.


Question: What type of suture is being used in the procedure?

Answer: 5-0 chromic sutures.


Question: What is the operator doing to the wound margins?

Answer: Tacking the edges.


Question: What is being affixed back to the floor of the mouth?

Answer: Part of the duct.


Question: What complication is being avoided during suturing?

Answer: Constricting or occluding the duct.


Question: Which muscle is identified as extending from the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid?

Answer: Muscle from thyroid cartilage to hyoid.


Question: What anatomical structures are enclosed within the carotid sheath?

Answer: Carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve.


Question: What is the primary content identified in the submandibular triangle?

Answer: Submandibular salivary gland.


Question: Which gland is identified in the muscular triangle?

Answer: Thyroid gland.


Question: Which vein is part of the azygos venous system that drains the intercostal vein?

Answer: Hemiazygos vein.


Question: What is the name of the muscle group that is identified adjacent to the thoracic duct?

Answer: Posterior intercostal muscles.


Question: Which structure serves as a tissue plane for the removal of the parietal pleura?

Answer: Endothoracic fascia.


Question: What is the name of the nerve identified as a distinct structure in the video?

Answer: Splanchnic nerve.


Question: What two structures are seen as part of the sympathetic nervous system in the video?

Answer: Sympathetic trunk and sympathetic ganglia.


Question: What anatomical structure is observed extending from the sympathetic trunk to the nerve?

Answer: White ramus communicans.


Question: What type of ramus communicans comes from the spinal nerve to the ganglion?

Answer: Gray ramus communicans.


Question: Which anatomical structure in the video is not prominently visible?

Answer: Thoracic duct.


Question: What structure can be identified on the wall of the cavity?

Answer: Hair.


Question: What substance is visible inside the cavity due to pressure?

Answer: Pus.


Question: What method is used to reveal light coming through the cavity?

Answer: Trans-illumination.


Question: What problem is associated with the regression of the surgical site?

Answer: Bad scarring.


Question: What substance is applied to the tip of the appendix?

Answer: Povidone iodine soap gauze.


Question: Which part is repaired by taking very small sutures to ensure blood supply?

Answer: The gap between appendix and mesoappendix.


Question: What technique is used to close the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer: Continuous interlocking.


Question: Which muscle is visible and approximated without tight stitching?

Answer: Internal oblique muscle.


Question: What is inspected prior to cutting for bleeding?

Answer: Any bleeding presence.


Question: What vein is being identified at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Basilic vein.


Question: Where is the initial incision made in the arm?

Answer: Medial aspect.


Question: What tool is used to expose the basilic vein further?

Answer: Self-retaining retractors.


Question: What is the purpose of the self-retaining retractors in this procedure?

Answer: To expose the basilic vein further.


Question: What surgical step follows the identification and incision over the basilic vein?

Answer: Dissection through skin and subcutaneous tissue.


Question: How is the basilic vein marked for subsequent procedural steps?

Answer: To prevent twisting during tunneling.


Question: What structure is clamped near the anastomosis to maintain vein length?

Answer: Brachial artery and basilic vein.


Question: What happens to the side branches of the basilic vein during the procedure?

Answer: They are dissected away and divided.


Question: What is created on the lateral aspect of the arm to facilitate the procedure?

Answer: Counter-incision.


Question: What tunnel is made superficially for the procedure?

Answer: Superficial subcutaneous tunnel.


Question: What is checked when the basilic vein is pulled through the tunnel?

Answer: Ensured it is neither twisted nor kinked.


Question: What is being aligned during the procedure?

Answer: Serosa-to-serosa of the muscularis.


Question: What is the assistant doing with the silk thread?

Answer: Retracting it downwards.


Question: What instrument is removed to avoid avulsion in the pouch?

Answer: Stapler.


Question: What type of suture is placed along the stapler line to minimize tension?

Answer: 3-0 silk or 4-0 PDS.


Question: What length of the terminal segment is divided?

Answer: 5 cm.


Question: What instrument is used for the division of the ileum?

Answer: DST 60 stapler.


Question: What suture material is used for the purse-string suture?

Answer: 3-0 or 4-0 proline.


Question: What technique is used on the uterine vessels?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: What is created to manage the distended bladder?

Answer: Bladder flap.


Question: Which anatomical structure is retracted to improve the surgical field?

Answer: Bladder.


Question: What risk complicates the procedure due to the narrow cervix?

Answer: Unintentional uterine amputation.


Question: What instrument is used to handle the cervix?

Answer: Clamps.


Question: Which ligaments are the team proceeding toward?

Answer: Uterosacral ligaments.


Question: What type of neck dissection is being performed?

Answer: Lateral compartment neck dissection.


Question: Which compartments are targeted for lymph node removal in this procedure?

Answer: Levels 2, 3, and 4.


Question: What technique is used to secure the sternomastoid flap during reconstruction?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What procedure is performed after the thyroidectomy?

Answer: Lateral compartment neck dissection.


Question: What type of suture is used in the reconstruction with the sternomastoid flap?

Answer: Absorbable suture.


Question: What anatomical structure is highlighted at the lower end of the sternum?

Answer: Xiphoid process.


Question: What type of muscle fibers are shown running towards the midline?

Answer: Muscle fibers.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the sternum?

Answer: Sternal saw.


Question: What is done to address bleeding vessels at the bone's edge?

Answer: Bone spreading.


Question: What major vein is identified at the lower portion of the sternum?

Answer: Great vein of Burrow.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Mastectomy.


Question: Where does the surgical incision start?

Answer: Inframammary sulcus.


Question: What anatomical structure is accessed initially?

Answer: Pectoral muscle surface.


Question: What surgical instrument assists in visualizing the glandular surface?

Answer: Retractor with cold light.


Question: Which complex is preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Nipple-areola complex.


Question: What tissue is being excised during the surgery?

Answer: Glandular tissue.


Question: What technique involves creating a skin flap by lifting skin and underlying fat?

Answer: Karidakis technique.


Question: What type of suture is used to fix the flap in place during the Karidakis technique?

Answer: Reabsorbable multifilament suture.


Question: What additional device is placed after the flap is fixed during the Karidakis technique?

Answer: Suction drain.


Question: What is the size of the excised tissue in the Karidakis technique?

Answer: 11 by 2 cm.


Question: What position is the patient in when locating the external orifice close to the anus?

Answer: Lithotomy position.


Question: What type of suture is used to ligate the edge?

Answer: Vicryl 1-0 suture.


Question: What section of the intestine is mobilized during the procedure?

Answer: Ileum.


Question: What instrument is used to hold the aponeurosis?

Answer: Artery forceps.


Question: What suture technique is demonstrated for closing the layers?

Answer: Figure-of-eight suture technique.


Question: What type of sutures is used for closing the skin?

Answer: Vertical mattress sutures.


Question: What is the purpose of the incision?

Answer: Access the bulbocavernosus muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is being mobilized?

Answer: Bulbocavernosus muscle.


Question: Which blood supply is preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Internal pudendal artery.


Question: What technique is crucial for successful mobilization?

Answer: Ensuring an adequate length of the flap.


Question: What type of scissors is being used?

Answer: Metzenbaum scissors.


Question: How many absorbable sutures are planned to be placed?

Answer: Three.


Question: What anatomical structure is carefully dissected away to allow for clamping and ligation of surrounding tissue?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What surgical technique is used to divide Barry's ligament in the video?

Answer: Suture ligature.


Question: What instrument is used for cauterizing bleeding areas?

Answer: Bipolar cautery.


Question: What suture is used to close the incision in the dermis?

Answer: 4-0 monocryl suture.


Question: What method is used to apply to the skin surface after suture closure?

Answer: Dermabond.


Question: What is performed to prevent damage to the parathyroid gland during the procedure?

Answer: Avoid direct suction.


Question: What muscles are approximated in the midline after achieving hemostasis?

Answer: Strap muscles.


Question: What is the appearance pattern of the fat that is being extracted?

Answer: Swiss cheese.


Question: Where is the incision made?

Answer: Inferior aspect of the areola.


Question: What is identified after making the incision?

Answer: The gland.


Question: How is the firmness of the gland described?

Answer: Very firm.


Question: What is removed while staying within the designated plane?

Answer: Gland tissue.


Question: What marks the completion of this step of the procedure?

Answer: Entire gland excision.


Question: What is being used to secure the top flap to the bottom flap?

Answer: Suture.


Question: What is the area primarily treated with?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: What results from the use of a dissolvable suture in the procedure?

Answer: Temporary dimple.


Question: What technique is used to eliminate dead space without using a drain?

Answer: Quilting sutures.


Question: What type of incision is made on the second side?

Answer: Periareolar incision.


Question: What anatomical structure is excised during the procedure?

Answer: Mass.


Question: What effect does the use of epinephrine have during the incision?

Answer: Minimal bleeding.


Question: What type of biopsy tool is used in this procedure?

Answer: Punch biopsy.


Question: What type of anesthesia is applied?

Answer: Bupivacaine.


Question: What substance is added to enhance the procedure?

Answer: Epinephrine.


Question: What energy source is employed for treatment?

Answer: Laser.


Question: Which observation indicates a problem with the laser fiber?

Answer: Sticking to the tissue.


Question: What instrument is used to retract the hemisternum?

Answer: Mammary retractor.


Question: From which anatomical viewpoint is the heart predominantly visible?

Answer: Anterior view.


Question: What part of the heart is mainly observed in the anterior view?

Answer: Right ventricle.


Question: Which technique is used to achieve hemostasis during the procedure?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: What is used to create the driveline exit site?

Answer: Circular knife.


Question: Where is venous cannulation conducted during cardiopulmonary bypass?

Answer: Right atrial appendage.


Question: What surgical step is performed after inserting the aortic cannula?

Answer: Venous cannulation.


Question: What position does the crossbar of the sternal retractor have in relation to the patient?

Answer: Toward the neck and head.


Question: What instrument is used to address the anal sphincter?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What muscle is observed to elevate the anus when traction is applied?

Answer: Levator muscle.


Question: What procedure is performed on the external anal sphincter?

Answer: Suturing.


Question: Which side shows the muscle to be pulled down and away?

Answer: Left side.


Question: What is dissected on the right side of the patient?

Answer: Peri-rectal, perianal muscles, and scar tissue.


Question: What incision technique is used to minimize visible scarring in female patients?

Answer: Curvilinear incision within breast crease.


Question: What is the purpose of using electrocautery in the procedure?

Answer: To cut through the subcutaneous fat down to the fascia.


Question: Which muscle is exposed by raising a suprafascial flap?

Answer: Pectoralis major muscle.


Question: What dissection technique mobilizes the lateral edge of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer: Blunt finger dissection.


Question: What artery is revealed during the mobilization of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer: Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery.


Question: Why are anchoring sutures placed between the skin paddle and underlying chest muscle?

Answer: To prevent shearing during flap elevation and transfer.


Question: What is the secondary blood supply to the flap that is clipped and cut?

Answer: Lateral thoracic vessels.


Question: What procedure is demonstrated in the video?

Answer: Cannulation of Wharton's duct.


Question: What gauge of angiocath is used in the procedure?

Answer: 22-gauge.


Question: What is observed regarding saliva flow through Wharton's duct?

Answer: Successful flow.


Question: Is the cannula sutured in place during this procedure?

Answer: No.


Question: What is inserted through the urethral orifice during the procedure?

Answer: Hemostat.


Question: What instrument is used to excise the thrombosed urethral prolapse?

Answer: Needle cautery tip.


Question: What type of suture technique is used to re-approximate the urethral wall mucosa?

Answer: Simple interrupted suture.


Question: What instrument is used to apply traction on the urethral epithelium?

Answer: Allis clamps.


Question: What gauge suture is used during the procedure?

Answer: 4-O monocryl.


Question: What is the primary purpose of retaining a Foley catheter during the procedure?

Answer: Maintain orientation and patency.


Question: What procedure is being performed?

Answer: Right colon resection.


Question: What type of surgery technique is being used?

Answer: Keyhole surgery.


Question: What is being inserted through the umbilical incision?

Answer: A port for camera and light source.


Question: How is the abdominal cavity inflated?

Answer: With carbon dioxide.


Question: What instrument size is used for the camera port?

Answer: 10-millimeter.


Question: What structure is being detached in the initial phase?

Answer: Omentum.


Question: What portion of the bowel is elevated during mobilization?

Answer: Cecum.


Question: What is the pressure maintained for the inflated abdominal cavity?

Answer: 15 mmHg.


Question: What anatomical structure is first mobilized after elevation?

Answer: Terminal ileum.


Question: What structures facilitate the use of long instruments?

Answer: Working ports.


Question: What abnormality is observed in the bowel?

Answer: Dilation.


Question: What indicates a bowel obstruction in the video?

Answer: Dilated section.


Question: What is done after the bowel is assessed?

Answer: Reinserted into the abdominal cavity.


Question: What type of incision is being used in the surgery?

Answer: Lasius incision.


Question: Which muscle's anterior border is revealed by raising the flap?

Answer: Masseter muscle.


Question: What anatomical landmark is used to identify the facial nerve?

Answer: Between the styloid process and the mastoid.


Question: What instrument is used to manipulate tissue to avoid nerve damage?

Answer: Right-angle instrument.


Question: What is emphasized when separating the gland from the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Avoiding direct use of cautery.


Question: Along which margin is the incision planned?

Answer: Areolar margin.


Question: What is being achieved as the incision is deepened?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: What technique is recommended for the procedure?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: What anatomical structure is being released during the thoracotomy?

Answer: Adhesions.


Question: Which organ's adhesion is being released?

Answer: Lung.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Redo thoracotomy.


Question: What anatomical structure needs to be preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Post-sacral fascia.


Question: What instrument is used to secure tissue before tying?

Answer: Artery clips.


Question: How is the flap's position maintained to prevent entrapment during suturing?

Answer: Using fingers or scissors.


Question: What is the specific local anesthetic administered during the procedure?

Answer: Ropivacaine.


Question: What is used to confirm the control of bleeding during the procedure?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: What is the spacing interval for placing sutures?

Answer: About one centimeter.


Question: How is the apex of the flap set during the procedure?

Answer: Horizontally.


Question: What is preserved during the surgery?

Answer: True vocal cords, arytenoids, anterior commissure.


Question: What is inserted through the nose into the stomach?

Answer: Feeding tube.


Question: What suture material is used for closure?

Answer: Prolene.


Question: What structure is potentially mobilized for closure?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: What is the procedure being explained in the video?

Answer: Pattern breast lift.


Question: What is initially marked on the patient?

Answer: Center of the breast tissue.


Question: What anatomical landmark is used to measure nipple distance?

Answer: Sternal notch.


Question: What is the measured nipple distance on one side from the sternal notch?

Answer: 24.5 centimeters.


Question: What is the other measured nipple distance from the sternal notch?

Answer: 25.5 centimeters.


Question: What technique is being used to close the vaginal cuff?

Answer: Figure-of-eight sutures.


Question: What anatomical structure is being closed?

Answer: Vaginal cuff.


Question: What instrument are the surgeon and assistant using to attach the inflow cuff?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What markings are made on the inflow cuff?

Answer: 90-degree intervals.


Question: What is visibly protruding between the pledges and the inflow cuff after suturing?

Answer: Left ventricular tissue.


Question: What device is pre-filled with saline?

Answer: LVAD.


Question: What tool is used to facilitate easier placement of the cuff?

Answer: Clamps.


Question: What is used to close the midline of the abdomen?

Answer: Resorbable continuous sutures.


Question: What anatomical structure indicates the transition to the preperitoneal plane?

Answer: Absence of posterior rectus fascia.


Question: What action is taken to prevent mesh contact with visceral organs?

Answer: Proper closure of the posterior plane.


Question: Which vessels are preserved to prevent bleeding?

Answer: Epigastric vessels.


Question: What is the final view shown in the video?

Answer: Caudal retropubic dissection.


Question: What instrument is used to open the chest?

Answer: Sternal retractor.


Question: What condition is identified for treatment involving excess fluid around the heart?

Answer: Pericardial effusion.


Question: What anatomical structure is found after opening the chest?

Answer: Pericardium.


Question: What is inspected to ensure normal size and coloration?

Answer: Aorta.


Question: Which vessel directs blood from the lower extremities into the right atrium?

Answer: Inferior vena cava.


Question: Which artery requires a bypass due to its condition during the procedure?

Answer: Left anterior descending artery (LAD).


Question: What visible feature separates the left and right ventricles?

Answer: Interventricular groove.


Question: What branches extending from the innominate vein are controlled with clips?

Answer: Branches to the thymus.


Question: What procedure is completed in the video?

Answer: Procedure on the internal sphincters.


Question: What instrument is carefully removed after the division?

Answer: Anal dilator.


Question: What is noted about the fibers in the divided area?

Answer: Contraction of the few remaining fibers.


Question: Which muscle is exposed during the initial dissection?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid.


Question: What nerve is followed during the dissection in the posterior triangle?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: Which instrument is used to follow the nerve towards the anterior border of the trapezius?

Answer: Bovie or monopolar diathermy.


Question: What is revealed after dividing the omohyoid muscle during dissection?

Answer: Cervical plexus branches.


Question: Which artery becomes visible in the depths of the wound?

Answer: Transverse cervical artery.


Question: What anatomical structure is exposed after elevating the fascial flap off the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer: Carotid sheath.


Question: Which muscle is exposed by dissecting beneath the submandibular gland?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What muscle is being examined?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: Which vein crosses over the digastric muscle?

Answer: Facial vein.


Question: What instrument is used to elevate the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer: Alice clip.


Question: What type of dissection is performed along the SCM muscle?

Answer: Inverted 'L' dissection.


Question: What artery is occasionally detected during the fascia identification stage?

Answer: Occipital artery.


Question: What was injected into the fistula?

Answer: Methylene blue.


Question: What incision shape was performed during the procedure?

Answer: Spindle-shaped.


Question: What flap technique is used in the procedure?

Answer: Z flap.


Question: What type of tissue is spared during the excision?

Answer: Presacral fascia.


Question: What type of sutures are used to secure the flap?

Answer: Reabsorbable multifilament sutures.


Question: What is placed to manage post-operative fluid?

Answer: Aspirative drain.


Question: What incision technique is used at the vaginal introitus?

Answer: Vertical incision.


Question: What anatomical structure is dissected during the procedure?

Answer: Rectovaginal septum.


Question: What approach is the surgeon using to treat the fistula?

Answer: Circumferential separation.


Question: How far is the rectovaginal septum separated circumferentially from the fistula?

Answer: 2 to 3 centimeters.


Question: What type of instrument is used by the surgeon during the procedure?

Answer: Electrosurgery device.


Question: What is the challenge faced by the surgeon when removing the mass?

Answer: It is tightly adhered to the skin and underlying structures.


Question: What additional instrument is introduced to access the small incision site?

Answer: A specially designed lighting retractor.


Question: What technique does the surgeon use to separate the mass from the pectoralis muscle?

Answer: Peeling with the electrosurgery device.


Question: How is the mass described in terms of its composition?

Answer: A mixture of fat, fibrous tissue, and glandular tissue.


Question: What surgical instrument is being highlighted for use in the procedure?

Answer: Liposuction cannula.


Question: What tissue is examined under the nipple-areola complex?

Answer: White tissue.


Question: What is the method used to break the tissue into smaller segments?

Answer: Waffle cone or waffle griddle method.


Question: What potential issue is addressed after tissue removal?

Answer: Dead space.


Question: What technique is used to prevent fluid accumulation?

Answer: Suture technique.


Question: What are the sutures used to attach in the technique?

Answer: Muscle to overlying tissue or flap.


Question: What technique is used to close the previous surgery scar?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What type of mesh is used in the repair?

Answer: Polypropylene mesh.


Question: Which retractors are used to stretch the linea alba?

Answer: Volkmann retractors.


Question: What anatomical structure is incised to access the retromuscular plane?

Answer: Posterior rectus fascia.


Question: What instrument is used for tissue traction of the posterior rectus fascia?

Answer: Cocker clamps.


Question: What is dissected in the retromuscular plane to the lateral border of the rectus muscle?

Answer: Retromuscular plane.


Question: What artery and vein are noted for caution during the caudal dissection?

Answer: Epigastric artery and vein.


Question: Where does the superior extension of the posterior rectus fascia incision occur?

Answer: Above the midline opening of the linea alba.


Question: What muscle becomes visible with further elevation during the procedure?

Answer: Platysma.


Question: What tool is used to identify the platysma muscle?

Answer: Laparotomy sponge.


Question: Which muscle acts as a dividing muscle in this procedure?

Answer: Platysma.


Question: What muscle is visible along with the platysma during the procedure?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid.


Question: What happens to the platysma muscle as the procedure proceeds?

Answer: It retracts as it splits.


Question: What is applied to assist with visualization during the procedure?

Answer: Glitters.


Question: What instrument is used by the assistant to provide necessary support in the procedure?

Answer: Instruments (not specified).


Question: What is clamped due to being vascular and bleeding?

Answer: Old sister artery.


Question: What is observed near the yet-to-be-divided platysma?

Answer: Wetness from fluid.


Question: What structures are identified beneath the fascia and platysma?

Answer: Veins and arteries.


Question: What type of procedure is being performed?

Answer: Sinus tract excision.


Question: What instruments are being used on the leg?

Answer: Suction and elevator.


Question: Which anatomical structure has the procedure reached?

Answer: Bone.


Question: From which part of the body is an attempt being made to scoop out the bone?

Answer: Mandible.


Question: What marking is made for the surgical procedure?

Answer: Peri-areolar marking.


Question: Where does the vertical incision extend to?

Answer: Inframammary fold.


Question: Where does the surgery begin?

Answer: Lateral margin.


Question: What is highlighted in the inframammary fold?

Answer: Surgical approach.


Question: What is the condition of the tumor in the excised specimen?

Answer: Surrounded by a safety margin.


Question: Which muscle does the accessory jugular vein cross over in the procedure?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid (SCM).


Question: What instrument is used to create the initial hole adjacent to the vein?

Answer: DeBakey forceps.


Question: What tool is typically used to expose the inferior part of the neck?

Answer: Langenbeck retractor.


Question: How does the fascia appear in the surgical field?

Answer: White and shiny.


Question: What technique is used to cauterize the perforators supplying the SCM?

Answer: Buzzing with a monopolar device.


Question: Where should dissection be performed in relation to the SCM during the procedure?

Answer: Along the medial border.


Question: What instrument is being used for skeletonizing the fascia?

Answer: Number 15 blade.


Question: What anatomical structure is being skeletonized?

Answer: Fascia.


Question: From which structure is the fascia being skeletonized?

Answer: Vein.


Question: What instrument is introduced through the side port?

Answer: Vanna scissor.


Question: At what position is the instrument introduced through the side port?

Answer: Seven o'clock.


Question: What is the alternative instrument mentioned for a smaller side port?

Answer: Micro scissor.


Question: What procedure is being performed with the scissors?

Answer: Sphincterotomy.


Question: What anatomical structure crosses the area being operated on?

Answer: Omohyoid muscle.


Question: Which muscles are initially lifted off the thyroid with toothed forceps?

Answer: Strap muscles.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the strap muscles?

Answer: Electric diathermy.


Question: What anatomical part is the tumor primarily located in?

Answer: Isthmus.


Question: What nerve is observed medially to the clipped vessels?

Answer: External laryngeal nerve.


Question: What structure is sought in the tracheoesophageal groove during dissection?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What procedure is performed to clear the tracheoesophageal groove?

Answer: Level 6 lymph node dissection.


Question: What instrument is used to transect the rectum?

Answer: Autostructure.


Question: Which anatomical structure is visible at the end of the dissection?

Answer: Sacrum.


Question: Which nerve is identified during the procedure?

Answer: First sacral nerve.


Question: Through which muscle was the dissection performed?

Answer: Piriformis muscle.


Question: What tissue is being excised at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Breast scar.


Question: What is created to tunnel the flap for insetting?

Answer: A pocket.


Question: Which muscle's proximal and distal cut edges are approximated in the donor site closure?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi muscle.


Question: What is inserted before closing the skin?

Answer: A drain.


Question: Which approach is used for contralateral symmetrization reduction mammoplasty?

Answer: Weiss pattern.


Question: What technique is performed on the entire flap in this procedure?

Answer: Complete depolization.


Question: What type of mesh is used in the procedure?

Answer: Ultra pro polypropylene mesh.


Question: What is the initial positioning location of the mesh?

Answer: Behind the linea alba cranially.


Question: Where are the clamps positioned to aid in placing the mesh?

Answer: At all corners of the mesh.


Question: What material is the continuous suture made of?

Answer: Slowly resorbable suture.


Question: What anatomical plane is the mesh placed in?

Answer: Retromuscular plane.


Question: What tool is used to aid in extracting the hairs from under the skin?

Answer: Small hook.


Question: What does the video try to capture regarding the skin condition?

Answer: The extraction process of the hairs.


Question: How are the embedded hairs visually compared during the examination?

Answer: As white threads similar to sutures.


Question: What action is performed to determine if hairs can be extracted?

Answer: Gentle squeezing.


Question: What structure is described as being difficult to extract fully?

Answer: Hair-like structure.


Question: How do the hairs appear under the skin before extraction?

Answer: Darkened.


Question: What sound was heard during previous attempts to squeeze the area?

Answer: Popping sound.


Question: What anatomical structure is the dissection extending into?

Answer: Piriform sinus.


Question: What tool is used for blunt dissection in the video?

Answer: Mosquito forceps.


Question: What surgical technique is used on the strap muscles adhered to the tract?

Answer: Cauterization.


Question: What is performed towards the upper end of the fissure?

Answer: Blunt dissection.


Question: What type of mastectomy is being performed?

Answer: Bilateral mastectomy.


Question: What technique is used to spare the skin and nipple?

Answer: Skin and nipple-sparing technique.


Question: What is being performed alongside the mastectomy?

Answer: Sentinel node biopsy.


Question: What system is spared during the surgery?

Answer: Superficial fascia system.


Question: What is used to minimize blood loss during the surgery?

Answer: Tumescent anesthesia.


Question: What tissue is highlighted by the tumescent fluid?

Answer: White corpus and adipose tissue.


Question: What part of the dissection is identified as more challenging?

Answer: Subareolar dissection.


Question: What instruments can be used for the procedure?

Answer: Mosquito forceps, artery forceps, or scissors.


Question: What area is critical to preserve during dissection around the nipple?

Answer: Subareolar tissue.


Question: What type of dissection is recommended to be used?

Answer: Combination of sharp and blunt dissection.


Question: What is used for separating dense adhesions?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What instrument might be used if there is difficulty during the dissection of the fibroadenoma?

Answer: Scalpel.


Question: What is being executed as the final step of the dissection?

Answer: Addressing the entire patch of fibroadenosis.


Question: What technique is used to manage tension in the sutures?

Answer: Stitch tails are clipped.


Question: What type of sutures are placed starting from the caudal apex?

Answer: Interrupted sutures.


Question: What is excluded from the stay stitch?

Answer: Dermis.


Question: What is used to temporarily secure one or two sutures halfway along the wound?

Answer: Artery clips.


Question: How is the length discrepancy between medial and lateral aspects addressed?

Answer: Increasing the distance between sutures on the medial side.


Question: What is the outcome of completing the second layer of interrupted sutures?

Answer: Flattening of the natal cleft.


Question: What instrument is used to grasp the epiglottis?

Answer: Allis forceps.


Question: Which direction is the diathermy directed during the procedure?

Answer: Towards the base of the tongue.


Question: What type of incision is made to reveal the esophageal mucosa?

Answer: Post-cricoid incision.


Question: What is performed to prevent spasms in patients undergoing a tracheoesophageal puncture?

Answer: Cricopharyngeal myotomy.


Question: What type of suture is used to close the skin?

Answer: Interrupted 4-0 Nylon sutures.


Question: What is the first step in the procedure?

Answer: Placement of trocars.


Question: Which artery is dissected at its origin?

Answer: Inferior mesenteric artery.


Question: What instrument is used for the dissection?

Answer: Monopolar dissecting scissors.


Question: Which space is dissected anterior to the pre-sacral fascia?

Answer: Pre-sacral space.


Question: What structures are made visible during lateral mobilization of the sigmoid colon?

Answer: Ureter, nerve plexus, left parietal fascia.


Question: What anatomical area is opened to proceed with the dissection?

Answer: Douglas pouch.


Question: What position is the patient in during surgery?

Answer: Prone.


Question: What tool is used for subcutaneous dissection?

Answer: Diathermy.


Question: What anatomical structure does the dissection progress down to?

Answer: Periosteum.


Question: What pathological finding is associated with the abscess cavity?

Answer: Chronic abscess.


Question: Which gland is preserved with good vascularization?

Answer: Right inferior parathyroid gland.


Question: What is the shape and color typical of normal parathyroid glands?

Answer: Flat, reddish-brown.


Question: What ligament tethers the thyroid capsule to the trachea?

Answer: Ligament of Berry.


Question: What surgical procedure is performed when the nerve is too close to the tubercle?

Answer: Near-total lobectomy.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the ligament of Berry?

Answer: Scalpel.


Question: What type of tissue is being sewn together?

Answer: Fibroadipose tissue.


Question: How is the hemostasis achieved after tissue excision?

Answer: Fiber and sealant.


Question: How are the buttock cheek layers sewn together?

Answer: In multiple layers using absorbable sutures.


Question: What is the purpose of creating a second drain hole?

Answer: To ensure proper drainage.


Question: What type of drain is used?

Answer: Passive drain.


Question: How are the superficial layers closed?

Answer: With a continuous running suture.


Question: What specific condition on the skin is visible in the video?

Answer: Abscess with pus.


Question: How many pits are present in the affected area?

Answer: Four pits.


Question: What instrument is requested during the procedure?

Answer: Scissor.


Question: What surgical action is being performed on the pits?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What instrument is used to place titanium staples?

Answer: Softiculator 55 stapler.


Question: What type of staple is used for the procedure?

Answer: Titanium staples.


Question: What is tested with normal saline?

Answer: Pouch capacity.


Question: What is used to ensure the patency of the nipple valve?

Answer: Thylastic drain.


Question: What is the final procedure performed on the ileum?

Answer: Ileostomy is formed.


Question: What technique is used to prevent leakage at the pouch?

Answer: Interrupted sutures.


Question: What is the role of the Softiculator 55 stapler?

Answer: Staples the nipple valve to the anterior wall of the pouch.


Question: What technique is employed to assess the pouch for leaks?

Answer: Filling with normal saline.


Question: What is being infiltrated subcutaneously at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Adrenaline solution.


Question: Where is the incision made during the procedure?

Answer: Along the mucosal line.


Question: What structure is being mobilized during the procedure?

Answer: Internal sphincter.


Question: What is observed after the dissection in the video?

Answer: Completely dissected mucosal ectropion.


Question: What marking is created to facilitate advancement?

Answer: V-shaped marking.


Question: What instrument is inserted into the fistula tract?

Answer: Stainless steel scoop.


Question: What is used to facilitate drainage of the abscess over the buttocks?

Answer: Incision.


Question: What type of laser fiber is used in the procedure?

Answer: Bare tip fiber.


Question: What is being examined near the patient's hip?

Answer: External opening.


Question: How much energy is used at the hip level?

Answer: Approximately 100 joules.


Question: What procedure is used to treat the intersphincteric space?

Answer: Systematic debridement using laser technology.