Question: What technique is being used for the incision markings?

Answer: Cold scalpel.


Question: What instrument is used to control bleeding during the dissection?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: What tissue is being removed during the procedure?

Answer: Mammary tissue.


Question: To what anatomical structure does the dissection reach during the procedure?

Answer: Pectoral muscle.


Question: What is the first step of the procedure?

Answer: Removal of nipple and areolar grafts.


Question: What instrument is used for fat removal?

Answer: Liposuction cannula.


Question: What is extracted through the tube during liposuction?

Answer: Fat.


Question: How does the treated area compare to the untreated side after liposuction?

Answer: Thinner.


Question: What incision is made to initiate the mastectomy?

Answer: Upper incision.


Question: What anatomical layers are revealed after the incision during mastectomy?

Answer: Subcutaneous fat and breast capsule.


Question: What instrument is being used to explore the sinus opening?

Answer: Probe.


Question: What surgical approach is used in the procedure?

Answer: Endoscopic.


Question: What action is sometimes necessary when inserting the endoscope?

Answer: Dilate the area.


Question: What is the surgeon successfully advancing into the cavity for inspection?

Answer: Endoscope.


Question: What type of suture is used to secure the drain?

Answer: Silk suture.


Question: Through which anatomical structure is the drain positioned?

Answer: Ileostomy.


Question: What was the final procedure performed?

Answer: Colectomy.


Question: What surgical technique is being used for the pancreaticojejunostomy?

Answer: Bulular technique.


Question: What part of the pancreas is being sutured to the jejunum?

Answer: Parenchyma.


Question: What surgical instrument is used to guide the knot into position during the anterior anastomosis?

Answer: Finger.


Question: What kind of sutures are being applied to the posterior serosa of the jejunum?

Answer: 3.0 needle.


Question: What is demonstrated through systematic tying of single knots?

Answer: Duct-to-mucosa suturing.


Question: What technique is used for cortical aspiration?

Answer: Submarine technique.


Question: What happens after navigating through the nucleus substance?

Answer: Stopping and filling the bag with lens matter.


Question: What is the vacuum pressure for emulsifying the nuclear pieces?

Answer: 350.


Question: What is maintained between the posterior capsule and the nuclear piece?

Answer: Sheet of epinucleus.


Question: What instrument is injected to expand the anterior chamber?

Answer: Viscoelastic.


Question: What is the initial step in the surgical procedure?

Answer: Injecting a local anesthetic.


Question: What is included in the anesthetic fluid to minimize bleeding?

Answer: Epinephrine.


Question: What device is used to stabilize the breast during the procedure?

Answer: Tourniquet.


Question: Where is the precise incision made during the surgery?

Answer: On the areola.


Question: What anatomical structure is partially cut during the procedure?

Answer: Internal sphincter.


Question: What tool is used to cut the sphincter?

Answer: Knife.


Question: What pathological condition is associated with the spongy swelling?

Answer: Hemorrhoids.


Question: What position is the chronic fissure located at?

Answer: 6 o'clock.


Question: What instrument is used to identify the anal sphincter?

Answer: Anal dilator.


Question: What type of incision is used in this parotid surgery?

Answer: Lasius incision.


Question: What muscle's anterior border is revealed during the flap raising?

Answer: Masseter muscle.


Question: What is the preferred instrument to lift tissue and avoid nerve damage?

Answer: Right-angle instrument.


Question: What anatomical structure is being identified and preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Facial nerve.


Question: Where is the facial nerve located with respect to other structures?

Answer: Between the stylomastoid foramen and the mastoid process.


Question: What surgical procedure is being completed initially?

Answer: Total thyroidectomy.


Question: What type of dissection follows the thyroidectomy?

Answer: Lateral compartment neck dissection.


Question: What anatomical plane is being developed?

Answer: Between sternocleidomastoid and strap muscles.


Question: What muscle is retracted laterally during the procedure?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: What types of instruments are being used for resection?

Answer: Bipolar, scissors, and monopolar instruments.


Question: What anatomical structures are exposed as the sternomastoid is retracted?

Answer: Vascular structures and nodal chunks.


Question: What process is initially illustrated in the video?

Answer: Excision of scar tissue.


Question: What is collected for culture analysis?

Answer: Pus sample.


Question: What is observed inside the cavity?

Answer: Fluid and pus.


Question: What is done to the intestines during the procedure?

Answer: Separated and cleansed.


Question: What is carefully removed from the intestine?

Answer: Pus plaques.


Question: What type of cannula is used for fat injection?

Answer: Coleman fat injecting cannula.


Question: What is the size of the lipoaspirate globules?

Answer: 1.5 by 2 millimeters.


Question: What instrument is used to assist fat injection by subcutaneous fanning?

Answer: Coleman fat injecting cannula.


Question: What is the size of the syringe used for harvesting fat?

Answer: 60cc.


Question: What instrument is used to sever collagen strands?

Answer: 14-gauge angiocath.


Question: What supports healing as a scaffold?

Answer: Lotus scaffold of polychlorhydroxybutyrate.


Question: What anatomical structure is surgically retracted anteriorly?

Answer: Hyoid bone.


Question: What is being removed during this procedure?

Answer: Pre-epiglottic space.


Question: What is preserved to avoid accidental injury?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerves.


Question: Where is the entry into the pharynx made?

Answer: Superior free edge of the epiglottis.


Question: Which mucosa is preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Molecular mucosa.


Question: What ligament is mentioned during the dissection?

Answer: Hyoepiglottic ligament.


Question: What aids in a tension-free closure?

Answer: Lingual surface of the follicula.


Question: What is used to extend the umbilical incision?

Answer: Scalpel.


Question: What is introduced to protect against bacteria and cancer cells?

Answer: Wound retractor.


Question: What organ is grasped and extracted through the wound retractor?

Answer: Appendix.


Question: What anatomical structure is divided by separating fat and ligating blood vessels?

Answer: Mesentery.


Question: What instrument is inserted into the bowel lumen to create an anastomosis?

Answer: Stapling device.


Question: What is done to the diseased bowel portion before it is sent for pathological assessment?

Answer: Resection.


Question: What type of suture is used to close the wound?

Answer: Absorbable sutures.


Question: What type of incision is made over the scarred perineum?

Answer: Triangular incision.


Question: What tool is used to elevate and excise the epithelium?

Answer: Surgical knife.


Question: Which instrument is used with a snipping and pushing action during dissection?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What structure is separated from the vaginal wall during dissection?

Answer: Rectovaginal septal fascia.


Question: What action is performed to reveal the defect requiring coverage?

Answer: Pressing the rectum forward with the finger.


Question: What is isolated and detached from the rectovaginal septa?

Answer: Internal anal sphincter fascia and scar.


Question: What initial procedure is being carried out in the neck area?

Answer: Dissection of lymph nodes.


Question: What is done to the vessels after the dissection of lymph nodes?

Answer: Clipping.


Question: What structure is lowered to define the lower border of the mandible?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: In what tissue plane does the surgical team operate?

Answer: Loose areolar tissue plane.


Question: Which muscle is sectioned during the procedure?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to access the oral cavity and deliver the tongue into the neck?

Answer: Allis forceps.


Question: What plane is utilized to lower the contents of the floor of the mouth?

Answer: Superior osseal plane.


Question: What muscles are incised to facilitate the procedure?

Answer: Mylohyoid and genioglossus muscles.


Question: What muscle is observed crossing the mandibular salivary gland?

Answer: Parotido-auricularis muscle.


Question: Which glands are being removed in the procedure?

Answer: Mandibular and sublingual salivary glands.


Question: What technique is used for dissection of the gland?

Answer: Combination of blunt and sharp dissection.


Question: What instrument is used to improve exposure?

Answer: Self-retaining retractors.


Question: How is the blood supply to the mandibular gland initially managed?

Answer: Ligation or cauterization.


Question: What anatomical structure is identified as a white structure?

Answer: Halsted ligament.


Question: What procedure is demonstrated in relation to the pectoral fascia?

Answer: Handling to keep it intact.


Question: Which level is taken directly during the procedure?

Answer: Level 3.


Question: What is placed after the clean wash in the procedure?

Answer: Drain.


Question: What is ensured at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Closure of the surgical site.


Question: What muscle is exposed to reveal the digastric muscle?

Answer: Mandible.


Question: What is ligated to prevent bleeding?

Answer: Submental vessels.


Question: Which nerves are exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Lingual nerve, Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What energy device can be used for skeletonizing the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer: Plasma blade.


Question: What structure is preserved during the dissection?

Answer: Lingual nerve.


Question: What glands and nodes are dissected off the inferior border of the mandible?

Answer: Submandibular gland and lymph nodes.


Question: What muscle is divided off the mastoid tip using dissection?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What is the purpose of the retractor placed under the gland?

Answer: To expose the lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion.


Question: What is identified and dissected up to the posterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What is dissected between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle?

Answer: Level 1A tissue.


Question: What surgical technique is mentioned to navigate adhesions?

Answer: Blunt dissection.


Question: What complication arises due to adhesions in this scenario?

Answer: Full separation is hindered.


Question: Which anatomical structure is involved with the adhesions?

Answer: Thyroid capsule.


Question: What direction is the procedure moving towards?

Answer: Right side.


Question: Who is instructed to assist the surgical process?

Answer: Mr. Moti.


Question: What anatomical structure is being ligated in the video?

Answer: Inferior mesenteric artery.


Question: What instrument is used for division after ligation in this procedure?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What is being divided after the mesentery is fully divided?

Answer: Terminal ileum.


Question: What anatomical location is addressed after the terminal ileum is divided?

Answer: Right pelvic side wall.


Question: What is used to achieve hemostasis over the wound?

Answer: Gauze.


Question: What instrument is used to check the interior of the anus?

Answer: Anoscope.


Question: What is the approximate radial measurement of the wound?

Answer: 3 to 4 millimeters.


Question: What surgical technique is being used to prevent fluid buildup?

Answer: Quilting stitches.


Question: What procedure is being performed alongside the use of quilting stitches?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: Where are the quilting stitches applied?

Answer: Chest wall.


Question: What is the visual effect of quilting stitches on the skin?

Answer: Small dimples.


Question: What is the purpose of quilting stitches in this procedure?

Answer: Prevent fluid buildup.


Question: What is being used to clean the abscess cavity?

Answer: Curette.


Question: What is revealed after the skin island is excised?

Answer: Abscess cavity.


Question: What tool is used to help remove viscous material from the cavity wall?

Answer: Raytec sponge.


Question: What is done to the buttock cheeks during the procedure?

Answer: Untaped.


Question: What is performed to determine the coverage of the flap?

Answer: Verification.


Question: What type of surgery is being performed?

Answer: Appendectomy.


Question: Where is the initial incision made for the appendectomy?

Answer: McBurney's point.


Question: What anatomical layer is characterized by fibers generally aligned with the incision direction?

Answer: External oblique aponeurosis.


Question: Through which structure is the abdominal cavity accessed?

Answer: Peritoneum.


Question: What anatomical structure is traced to locate the appendix?

Answer: Teniae coli.


Question: What step is performed if adhesions are absent during the procedure?

Answer: Mesoappendix is ligated.


Question: What direction is the scar positioned in?

Answer: Transverse.


Question: What anatomical structure is marked with skin on both sides?

Answer: Skin paddle.


Question: Which border of the muscle is visible in the video?

Answer: Anterior border.


Question: What surgical instrument is used for wound closure?

Answer: Romovac 16 French Drain.


Question: What type of sutures are used for tissue approximation?

Answer: Self-retaining quill sutures.


Question: Where is the breast implant placed?

Answer: Beneath the pectoral muscle.


Question: What is done to the skin flap for safety?

Answer: Temporarily tacked with stitches.


Question: What type of growth is being removed?

Answer: Lipoma.


Question: What technique is used to remove the fibrous tissue over the lipoma?

Answer: Removal technique.


Question: How does the extracted lipoma appear in color?

Answer: Yellow on top with fibrous tissue beneath.


Question: What precaution is emphasized to minimize patient discomfort?

Answer: Anesthesia.


Question: What procedure is being performed on the unhealthy tissue?

Answer: Debridement.


Question: Which anatomical structure is selected for suturing in the video?

Answer: External sphincter.


Question: How many stitches are planned for the suturing procedure?

Answer: Two stitches.


Question: What anatomical structure is used to close the defect?

Answer: External sphincter mucosa.


Question: Which muscle is being transected?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi.


Question: What instrument is being used to mark the site for transection?

Answer: Bipolar device.


Question: What instrument is used to sever the muscle medially, laterally, and distally?

Answer: Handheld diathermy.


Question: What instrument is preferred at the site of the perforator to prevent collateral thermal damage?

Answer: Bipolar scissors.


Question: Which muscle is identified and separated before the transection of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer: Serratus anterior.


Question: What is the typical width of the muscle strip recruited from the latissimus dorsi?

Answer: Approximately 3 centimeters.


Question: What is dissected to create space for the flap tunneling?

Answer: Lateral breastplate.


Question: Where is the incision made during axillary dissection?

Answer: Lower skin crease.


Question: What instrument is used to provide a clear field of operation?

Answer: Broad retractor.


Question: What anatomical structure serves as the floor of the axilla?

Answer: Pectoral fascia.


Question: What is visually revealed after beveling the incision?

Answer: Axillary contents.


Question: What nerve is exposed during the procedure?

Answer: Thoracodorsal nerve.


Question: What is being carefully excised during the surgery?

Answer: Tissue.


Question: Which level of nodes is identified for removal?

Answer: Level 1 nodes.


Question: What anatomical structure is still covered by tissue?

Answer: Vein.


Question: What anatomical structure is surrounded by fascia?

Answer: Subscapular vessels.


Question: Which nerve is noted alongside the thoracodorsal pedicle?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve.


Question: What type of cauterization is used on superficial structures?

Answer: Bipolar cauterization.


Question: Are ligatures utilized in the procedure?

Answer: No.


Question: What type of instrument is requested to aid in accessing the pectoralis muscle?

Answer: Right-angle instrument.


Question: What approach is used to access the surgical site?

Answer: Lateral pectoral approach.


Question: What is the purpose of adjusting the lighting during the procedure?

Answer: To facilitate the view.


Question: What tissue is being cleaned at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Retroareolar tissue.


Question: What is the objective regarding the subcutaneous tissue during the procedure?

Answer: Preserve thickness.


Question: What anatomical area is being carefully dissected during the procedure?

Answer: Upper pole.


Question: What is examined to rule out oncological alterations?

Answer: Mobilized gland.


Question: What is checked for absence in the mastectomy area?

Answer: Bleeding.


Question: What anatomical element is used to cover the vertical wound?

Answer: Another anatomical element.


Question: What is used to reinforce the vertical wound?

Answer: Midsagittal elements.


Question: What type of sutures are used to close the vertical pattern at the end of the procedure?

Answer: 3-0 sutures.


Question: What is being injected into the tract?

Answer: Local anesthesia.


Question: What tissue is visible around the implant?

Answer: Granulous tissue.


Question: What is identified as the potential cause of the problem?

Answer: Screw.


Question: What procedure is demonstrated in the video regarding the screw?

Answer: Removal.


Question: What type of incision was made in the perineum?

Answer: Curvilinear incision.


Question: What mixture was injected into the perineal area?

Answer: Normal saline mixed with adrenaline.


Question: Which fibers became visible during the dissection?

Answer: Internal anal sphincter fibers.


Question: What suturing technique was used for the repair?

Answer: Interrupted technique.


Question: What incision technique is used for pre-pectoral reconstruction?

Answer: Inframammary incision.


Question: What pattern is devised to modify the height and shape of the new breast?

Answer: Vertical pattern.


Question: What procedure is performed after the pattern selection to assess vascularization?

Answer: Depyter bleeding.


Question: What tool is used for optimal areolar expansion in the reconstructed area?

Answer: Areolotome.


Question: What anatomical structure is identified during the dissection of the retro-sternal goiter?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the fascia lateral to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer: Harmonic scalpel.


Question: Which anatomical structure is the goiter's fascial attachments being divided from?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: How is the harmonic scalpel passed in relation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during dissection?

Answer: Underneath, lateral to the nerve.


Question: What tool is used for sharp dissection when detaching the gland from the trachea?

Answer: Bipolar diathermy.


Question: Which instrument is used to coagulate and divide the superior thyroid vessels?

Answer: Harmonic scalpel.


Question: What retractor is used to help identify the upper pole on the left side?

Answer: Richardson retractor.


Question: What is used to mark the incision site before excising the tumor?

Answer: Gentian violet.


Question: What serves as the upper boundary for elevating the flap?

Answer: Clavicle.


Question: Which muscle is identified laterally during the dissection?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi.


Question: What is used over the muscle to ensure the fascia remains intact with the specimen?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: Which perforator needs special attention to avoid during the dissection?

Answer: Second perforator.


Question: What is being dissected in the footage?

Answer: Abscess cavity.


Question: Which structure is being carefully extracted?

Answer: Mucosa.


Question: What does the procedure aim to remove from the vulva?

Answer: Entire tract.


Question: What surgical instrument is used for debridement?

Answer: Laser fiber.


Question: What material is being removed from the internal opening?

Answer: Infectious material (muck).


Question: What is observed at the internal opening during the procedure?

Answer: Large skin tag.


Question: How much energy is delivered by the laser fiber for debridement?

Answer: Approximately 50-100 Joules.


Question: What anatomical gap is being explored in the video?

Answer: Gap in the sphincter.


Question: What is noticeable about the gloves used during the procedure?

Answer: Transparency.


Question: Which anatomical space is developed during the procedure?

Answer: Bladder flap.


Question: What incision is extended during the procedure?

Answer: Vesicouterine peritoneal incision.


Question: What anatomical structure's position is confirmed during contralateral adnexectomy?

Answer: Ureter.


Question: Which ligament is a window made in during the procedure?

Answer: Infundibulopelvic ligament.


Question: What type of clamp is used to secure the uterine pedicle?

Answer: Haney clamp.


Question: Which instrument controls back bleeding from the uterine vessels?

Answer: Caulker clamp.


Question: What stitch is used to secure the uterine pedicle?

Answer: Haney transfixion stitch.


Question: What anatomical structure is kept away from the cervix and proximal vagina during manipulation?

Answer: Adnexa.


Question: How are the uterine vessels cleared of surrounding tissues?

Answer: Using a curved Haney clamp.


Question: Which clamp is positioned across the cardinal ligament?

Answer: Straight Haney clamp.


Question: What anatomical structure is visualized as severely narrowed?

Answer: Upper tracheal airway.


Question: What cartilage is observed to be destroyed?

Answer: Thyroid cartilage.


Question: What surgical procedure is noted to have been performed through the tumor site?

Answer: Tracheostomy.


Question: What incision type is anticipated for the procedure?

Answer: High transverse incision.


Question: What gland's structure is planned for resection?

Answer: Thyroid isthmus.


Question: What level of dissection is planned according to the surgical plan?

Answer: Level 6 dissection.


Question: In which direction does the tumor primarily extend?

Answer: Left.


Question: What approach is under consideration for managing a specific site?

Answer: Managing the tracheostomy site.


Question: What is the procedure being performed on the left lobe?

Answer: Total left lobectomy.


Question: What surgical instrument is being prepared for use?

Answer: Red rubber drain.


Question: What is the condition of both parathyroid glands?

Answer: Preserved bilaterally.


Question: What is the state of hemostasis in the final view?

Answer: Appropriate hemostasis.


Question: What is observed regarding the trachea's condition?

Answer: Maintained tracheal integrity.


Question: What type of nerve is noted on the right side?

Answer: Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What is the condition of the pyramidal lobe?

Answer: Adequate size and length.


Question: What type of tissue is being operated on?

Answer: Thyroid.


Question: What anatomical structure is the dissection focused on?

Answer: Common facial vein.


Question: Which anatomical structure is dissected off during the procedure?

Answer: Larynx.


Question: In what direction is the larynx elevated during the dissection?

Answer: Inferior to superior.


Question: What is being laid out at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Specimen with lymph nodes.


Question: Which muscle is shown divided in the video?

Answer: Omohyoid muscle.


Question: What muscle is exposed during the dissection?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: What gland is mentioned in relation to the dissection approach?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: Towards what anatomical structure does the dissection progress?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What muscle is identified after raising the flaps?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: On which side is the tumor located?

Answer: Left side.


Question: What is retracted to access the surgical site?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: Which muscle is divided after retracting the sternomastoid?

Answer: Hemohyoid muscle.


Question: Which lobe of the thyroid is preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Right lobe.


Question: Which muscle is divided to expose the strap muscles?

Answer: Omahyoid muscle.


Question: What structure is being highlighted in the dissection?

Answer: Tendon of the digastric muscle.


Question: Which nerve is being exposed during the dissection?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What is being identified for resection superiorly in the dissection?

Answer: Level 2B lymph nodes.


Question: Which vein is exposed along the carotid sheath?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: What muscle's superior border is revealed during the dissection?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: What type of suture is used in the procedure?

Answer: Absorbable suture.


Question: What instrument is used for the superficial incision through the scar?

Answer: Mayo scissors.


Question: What is being elevated with the application of tension on the suture?

Answer: Subcutaneous portion of the external sphincter.


Question: What is excised to facilitate the elevation of the external sphincter?

Answer: Scar tissue.


Question: How many sutures are threaded through the muscle capsule?

Answer: Three sutures.


Question: What tool is used for making an incision in the fascia?

Answer: Number 15 blade.


Question: What procedure is being performed at the intended stoma site?

Answer: Incision.


Question: What is used to hold the abdominal wall at the intended stoma site?

Answer: Lap sponge.


Question: What surgical instrument is used to separate the tract from the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Monopolar cautery.


Question: What anatomical structure was exposed by elevating the flap in a subplatysmal plane?

Answer: Anterior jugular vein.


Question: Where was the incision made during the surgical intervention?

Answer: Around the tract.


Question: What was the plane used to elevate the flap during the procedure?

Answer: Subplatysmal plane.


Question: What was the anatomical location of the tract in relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Medially to the sternal belly.


Question: What part of the surgical field required micro dissection?

Answer: Superior extension of the tract.


Question: What instrument is used to elevate the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer: Alice.


Question: What structure is identified as blue in the video?

Answer: Vein.


Question: Which muscle structure's lateral border is developed during the procedure?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is preserved during the LD pedicle tracing towards the axillary vein?

Answer: Thoracodorsal nerve.


Question: What is excised during the axillary dissection procedure?

Answer: Node.


Question: What is used to delicately run over the clavipectoral fascia?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: What muscle is retracted for level 3 lymph node dissection?

Answer: Pectoralis minor muscle.


Question: What is demonstrated following reconstruction during the procedure?

Answer: LD flap.


Question: What is being cut to allow further exploration?

Answer: Band of skin.


Question: What notable feature is observed ventral to the anal canal?

Answer: Scar.


Question: Where is an incision made during the procedure?

Answer: Lower vagina.


Question: What structure is dissected from the patient's right side?

Answer: Rectovaginal fascia.


Question: What is used for counter-traction during dissection?

Answer: Sponge and thumb.


Question: What anatomical structures are dissected from the levator muscle?

Answer: Anus and rectum.


Question: What is observed in the intermediate bronchial cavity?

Answer: A hole.


Question: What instrument is used to release lung adhesion?

Answer: Stapler.


Question: What technique is used to confirm the communication between the stomach and the intermediate bronchus?

Answer: Intraoperative bronchoscopy.


Question: What is used to close the vascularized pedicle of the diaphragm?

Answer: Continuous suture of Prolene 2-0.


Question: What is used to assist in narrowing the tract of the fistula?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What type of incision is created at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Midline incision.


Question: What anatomical structure contains perforating vessels in this procedure?

Answer: Anterior rectus sheath.


Question: What is the shape of the VRAM flap delineated for the patient?

Answer: Sigmoid shape.


Question: What is done to the rectus muscle during the procedure?

Answer: Retracted laterally.


Question: Which artery's umbilical branch is visible during the procedure?

Answer: Deep inferior epigastric artery.


Question: What structure is the medial edge of the rectus muscle anchored to?

Answer: Overlying fat.


Question: Where is the posterior sheath incised to access the abdomen?

Answer: Center.


Question: What is mobilized after entering the abdominal cavity?

Answer: Left and sigmoid colon.


Question: What anatomical structure is identified and shielded after entering the abdominal cavity?

Answer: Left ureter.


Question: What anatomical structure is mobilized during the procedure?

Answer: Left thyroid lobe.


Question: Which nerve is identified with a branching variation in the video?

Answer: Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What technique is used to ensure hemostasis during the procedure?

Answer: Cautery, fine ties, and clips.


Question: What needs to be checked on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland?

Answer: Adherent parathyroid glands.


Question: What is used for skin closure at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Running absorbable suture.


Question: What instrument is being maneuvered underneath the skin?

Answer: Curette and Kelly clamp.


Question: What object is being removed from the abscess cavity?

Answer: Debris, including hairs.


Question: What is created over the abscess cavity for drainage?

Answer: A drainage hole.


Question: What is placed through the drainage hole?

Answer: Vessel loop.


Question: What is used to clean the abscess cavity tract?

Answer: Raytex sponge.


Question: How thick is the cavity wall being treated?

Answer: One and a half centimeters.


Question: What technique is used on the cavity wall to eliminate dead space?

Answer: Cross-hatching.


Question: Which muscle forms the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer: Sternomastoid.


Question: What muscle is observed within the superficial fascia of the neck in the anterior triangle?

Answer: Platysma.


Question: Which muscle is visible upon reflecting the platysma in the anterior triangle?

Answer: Superior belly of the omohyoid.


Question: What is one of the muscles that form part of the floor of the submental triangle?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure in the neck is being marked for incision?

Answer: Thyroid.


Question: Which side of the thyroid is the surgery focused on?

Answer: Right side.


Question: What instrument is prepared for the surgery involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue?

Answer: Mosquito clamps.


Question: What is the position of the patient's neck during the surgery?

Answer: Slightly extended.


Question: What tool is being used to make the incision symmetrical according to the video?

Answer: Silk mark.


Question: What is being resected in this surgical procedure?

Answer: Long pyramidal lobe and thyroid isthmus.


Question: What device might be used to divide the parenchyma during lobectomy?

Answer: Energy device.


Question: What is done to the left thyroid lobe after being exposed and mobilized?

Answer: The left superior vascular pedicle is divided.


Question: What uncommon anatomical feature was observed related to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in this patient?

Answer: Branching with two branches arising caudally.


Question: Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve observed in this procedure?

Answer: Caudal to the ligament of Berry area.


Question: What surgical tool is used to achieve hemostasis?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: What material is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes during the procedure?

Answer: Surgicel.


Question: What complication should be repeatedly verified before closure begins?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: How is closure performed on the skin layer?

Answer: Running absorbable sutures.


Question: What is applied after the skin closure in this procedure?

Answer: Steristrips, collodion, or an equivalent occlusive sterile dressing.


Question: What is performed to reduce excessive tension on the patient's right lateral side?

Answer: Mobilization of the distal flap.


Question: Where are the sponges introduced during the procedure?

Answer: Within the surgical area.


Question: What type of drain is inserted during the procedure?

Answer: Surgical drain.


Question: What material is used for deeper suturing of both flaps?

Answer: Ethilon 3.0 suture material.


Question: How is tension distributed evenly during the procedure?

Answer: Using deeper and additional sutures.


Question: What technique is used for suturing the subcutaneous layer?

Answer: Superficial sutures.


Question: What type of sutures are used on the most vulnerable side of the skin?

Answer: Transcutaneous U-shaped sutures.


Question: What method is used to secure the surgical area at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Staples.


Question: What instrument is used to hold the tissue during dissection?

Answer: Alice tissue forceps.


Question: What direction does the dissection progress?

Answer: Cranial.


Question: Which vein requires caution due to its proximity during the dissection?

Answer: Maxillary vein.


Question: What gland is identified adjacent to the mandibular gland?

Answer: Sublingual salivary gland.


Question: What muscle is situated medially to the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer: Digastricus muscle.


Question: What instrument is used for dissection along the cranial path of the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer: Metzenbaum scissors.


Question: Which gland is visually narrower, the mandibular or sublingual salivary gland?

Answer: Sublingual salivary gland.


Question: What forceps are used to detach surrounding tissue from the sublingual gland?

Answer: Kelly or Caramalt forceps.


Question: What surgical technique is used to sever the isthmus from the contralateral thyroid lobe?

Answer: Sharp dissection with electrocautery.


Question: What anatomical structure is close to Berry's ligament during its division?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What instrument is used for ensuring a bloodless field when dividing Berry’s ligament?

Answer: Bipolar cautery.


Question: What suture material is used to close the strap muscles?

Answer: Vicryl 2-0.


Question: How is the skin closed after the surgery?

Answer: Subcuticular Vicryl 4-0 suture.


Question: What is the initial surgical technique used on the patient's neck?

Answer: Collar incision.


Question: What instrument is used to make the incision?

Answer: Number 15 blade.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the platysma muscle?

Answer: Electric diathermy.


Question: Which muscle is lifted to reveal underlying structures?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is exposed beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: What instrument is initially used to visualize the urinary tract?

Answer: Cystoscope.


Question: Where is the yellowish cyst located as observed during the procedure?

Answer: Dome of the bladder.


Question: What type of incision is made during the open procedure?

Answer: Transverse incision.


Question: How was the subcutaneous tissue dissected during the procedure?

Answer: Blunt dissection.


Question: What type of suture was used to ligate the ruckus?

Answer: Vicryl suture.


Question: How was the small opening in the peritoneum created?

Answer: Incision.


Question: How is the peritoneum closed during the procedure?

Answer: Continuous running suture with 5-0 PDS.


Question: What surgical method is used to mark the excision area on the bladder dome?

Answer: Marking pen.


Question: Which instrument is used to incise the bladder dome?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: How is the bladder closed after the dome resection?

Answer: Two-layer suture, with a horizontal mattress continuous suture and a second running suture.


Question: What technique is used to preserve the nerve during capsular dissection?

Answer: Separation of fascia.


Question: Which vessel is ligated during the mobilization of the thyroid gland?

Answer: Superior thyroid vessels.


Question: What structure is preserved during the upper pole dissection?

Answer: Superior parathyroid.


Question: What instrument is used for blunt capsular dissection on the left side?

Answer: Peanut.


Question: What device is used for dissecting fascia in the lower pole?

Answer: Bipolar diathermy.


Question: What is identified to the right of the bipolar diathermy during the procedure?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What anatomical connection is separated at the ligament of Berry?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: What instrument is used after achieving a safe distance during dissection off the trachea?

Answer: Monopolar diathermy.


Question: What anatomical condition is revealed after the thyroid removal?

Answer: Multinodular goiter with retrosternal extension.


Question: Which muscle is attached to the styloid process?

Answer: Stylohyoid muscle.


Question: What instrument is recommended to avoid complications during this procedure?

Answer: Bipolar cautery.


Question: Which facial nerve trunk is known as the temporofacial?

Answer: Superior trunk.


Question: Which branch of the facial nerve is identified using slow tracing from the neck?

Answer: Marginal mandibular branch.


Question: What vein is noted in the vicinity during the parotid surgery?

Answer: Retromandibular vein.


Question: What type of tumor does not approach the main trunk of the facial nerve?

Answer: Benign tumor.


Question: What surgical procedure might be performed if a malignant tumor involves the main trunk of the facial nerve?

Answer: Radical parotidectomy.


Question: Which nerve is located first in the systematic dissection of the facial nerve?

Answer: Temporal nerve.


Question: What layer-by-layer technique is demonstrated in the video for dissecting the facial nerve?

Answer: Systematic dissection.


Question: What circular structure is identified first during the procedure?

Answer: Internal anal sphincter.


Question: What is the depth of the radial incision made over the intersphincteric groove?

Answer: 3 to 4 millimeters.


Question: What instrument is used to separate the internal and external anal sphincters?

Answer: Closed forceps.


Question: Where is the finger of the opposite hand placed for guidance?

Answer: Inside the anal canal.


Question: What anatomical feature is anterior to the border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Cystic spaces.


Question: What is being inserted into the ventral fistula?

Answer: Pediatric cannula.


Question: What is the purpose of the incision below the sinus opening?

Answer: To avoid transecting the tract.


Question: What type of flap is elevated during the procedure?

Answer: Subplatysmal flap.


Question: What is being performed after the tract is lifted?

Answer: Blunt dissection.


Question: What type of suture is currently being used?

Answer: Topical stitch.


Question: What is the purpose of the 'milking the wound' technique?

Answer: Expressing residual fluid.


Question: What effect does applying more pressure have on the tissue?

Answer: Tissue eversion.


Question: What is anticipated to happen to the tissue upon suture removal?

Answer: It should flatten out.


Question: What is the duration for the removal of the running stitch?

Answer: Approximately two weeks.


Question: What happens to a branch of the facial vein?

Answer: Transected.


Question: What surgical action is performed after the tumor resection?

Answer: Irrigation.


Question: What is placed to facilitate fluid management at the surgical site?

Answer: Drain.


Question: How many drains are placed in the prepectoral space?

Answer: Two.


Question: What tool is used to determine the size and dimensions of the implant?

Answer: ICERs.


Question: What type of mesh is used to cover the implant?

Answer: Porcine skin mesh.


Question: Which primary nerve is being highlighted in the video?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve of Bell.


Question: What instrument is recommended for navigating the nerve's path?

Answer: Bipolar forceps.


Question: What is specifically noted for caution during dissection to prevent nerve injury?

Answer: Thoracic nerve.


Question: Which vein is a focus for caution to avoid unnecessary dissection?

Answer: Axillary vein.


Question: What muscles are comprehensively displayed using the Alice instrument?

Answer: LD, teres, and subscapularis muscles.


Question: What is formed by the convergence of nerves, arteries, and veins?

Answer: Angular vein.


Question: Which two nerves travel together despite any upper-level separation?

Answer: Thoracodorsal and long thoracic nerve of Bell.


Question: Which artery is identified and excised during the procedure?

Answer: Left hepatic artery.


Question: What clamp is applied to the Common Bile Duct (CBD)?

Answer: Bulldog clamp.


Question: What is the purpose of cutting the CBD?

Answer: To facilitate the removal of the specimen.


Question: Which vein is observed below the pancreas?

Answer: Splenic vein.


Question: What type of tube is inserted after placing stitches in the pancreatic duct?

Answer: Infant feeding tube.


Question: What procedure follows the resection phase?

Answer: Pancreaticojejunostomy.


Question: What surgical procedure is being planned?

Answer: Donut mastopexy.


Question: What anatomical area is marked with circular outlines?

Answer: Areola.


Question: What marking is made on the patient's skin for the incision?

Answer: Circular outline.


Question: What type of sutures are used to close the skin?

Answer: 5-0 Monocryl.


Question: What type of sutures are used to approximate the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer: 4-0 Vicryl.


Question: What technique is used to close the skin?

Answer: Running suture.


Question: What kind of incision is made in the video?

Answer: Horizontal incision.


Question: Which anatomical structure is the incision extended through?

Answer: Platysma muscle.


Question: What veins are identified, divided, and ligated if encountered?

Answer: Anterior jugular veins.


Question: Which muscles are left undisturbed during the procedure?

Answer: Right-sided sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles.


Question: What tool is used to aid in elevating the flaps?

Answer: Fish hooks or cerebellar retractors.


Question: Where is the superior lobe of the left thyroid gland clamped and dissected?

Answer: At the superior pole.


Question: What space is dissected medial to the larynx and trachea?

Answer: Joule's space or Joule's triangle.


Question: What is the layer of tissue that is incised?

Answer: Fascia.


Question: Which anatomical structure is exposed at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: What muscle is involved in the procedure?

Answer: Strap muscle.


Question: What type of incision is used in this procedure?

Answer: Vertical midline incision.


Question: What is removed through the incision to expose the pelvis?

Answer: Ovarian mass.


Question: Which anatomical structure is identified and ligated laterally during the procedure?

Answer: Round ligament.


Question: Which instrument is used medially on the round ligament?

Answer: Vascular hemoclip.


Question: What is the purpose of the back cut incision parallel to the round ligament?

Answer: To skeletonize the utero-ovarian ligament and the fallopian tube pedicle.


Question: Which ligament's incision is extended towards the pelvic brim?

Answer: Broad ligament peritoneum.


Question: What artery is identified along the medial surface of the psoas muscle?

Answer: External iliac artery.


Question: Where is the ureter most easily located during the procedure?

Answer: At the pelvic brim.


Question: What avascular space is opened in the procedure?

Answer: Avascular space of Graves.


Question: Which ligament's vessels are doubly clamped?

Answer: Infundibulopelvic ligament.


Question: What action is taken on the adnexal mass?

Answer: Excised and sent for frozen section diagnosis.


Question: What stitch is used for ligating the larger pedicle on the uterine side?

Answer: Haney transfixion stitch.


Question: What is placed to keep the bowel away from the pelvis?

Answer: Self-retaining retractor.


Question: What space is explored to identify the ureter on the medial leaf of the broad ligament peritoneum?

Answer: Pararectal space.


Question: What is done to the round ligament during this procedure?

Answer: Skeletonized and securely suture ligated.


Question: What type of energy device is used for ligation and division?

Answer: Bipolar energy device.


Question: Where is the colon to be transected located on the screen?

Answer: Left side.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the bowel?

Answer: TA60 3.5 millimeter stapler.


Question: What is used to prevent spillage from the bowel?

Answer: Clamp.


Question: What is used to construct the anastomosis?

Answer: 28-millimeter EEA stapler.


Question: What mark indicates proper positioning during anastomosis construction?

Answer: Orange mark.


Question: What procedure is performed to check the anastomosis?

Answer: Flexible sigmoidoscopy.


Question: How is the Pfannenstiel incision closed?

Answer: With braided absorbable sutures and subdermal running monofilament sutures.


Question: What surgical flap technique is being used?

Answer: Karyodakis flap.


Question: Which side of the body is the flap mobilized from?

Answer: Right buttock.


Question: What type of sutures are used to invert the wound edges?

Answer: Vertical mattress sutures.


Question: What is used at the end of the procedure for pain relief?

Answer: Long-acting local anesthetic.


Question: What anatomical structure is the lymph node compressing?

Answer: Internal jugular vein.


Question: Which muscle is in close proximity to the metastatic lymph node?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What approach is used for tumor removal?

Answer: Conservative trans-ventibular approach.


Question: How is the spinal nerve handled during the procedure?

Answer: Released and followed up to the trapezius muscle.


Question: What is done to confirm the integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer: Stimulation of the vagus nerve.


Question: Which muscle contraction indicates that the superior laryngeal nerve is intact?

Answer: Cricothyroid muscle contraction.


Question: How are vessels divided based on size?

Answer: Using clips, suture ligatures, or a harmonic scalpel.


Question: Which vein is divided and ligated after identifying other vessels?

Answer: Middle thyroid vein.


Question: What becomes evident after the middle thyroid vein is ligated?

Answer: Superior parathyroid gland.


Question: Where might a very dark gland be re-implanted if excised?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What is divided to facilitate the rotation of the thyroid lobe?

Answer: Vasculature overlying the trachea in the midline.


Question: Which nodule movement occurs during thyroid lobe rotation?

Answer: Moved from the superior mediastinum into the surgical field.


Question: What structure is carefully dissected to trace the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer: Fibrofatty tissue.


Question: Which anatomical joint is often encountered during dissection of the fibrofatty tissue?

Answer: Cricothyroid joint.


Question: Which muscle is identified during the surgical procedure?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid.


Question: What structures are shown near the digastric muscle?

Answer: Lymph nodes and facial artery.


Question: What is demonstrated to prevent shear stress on the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Fixation of sternal and clavicular heads.


Question: Which artery is considered as a possible pedicle for the flap?

Answer: Occipital artery.


Question: What muscle is adjacent to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer: Mylohyoid muscle.


Question: What type of surgical flap is being created?

Answer: Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.


Question: Which artery supplies the skin paddle of the flap?

Answer: Thoracoacromial artery.


Question: Which anatomical landmarks are marked during the procedure?

Answer: Midline of the chest, xiphoid process, sternal notch, inferior rib border.


Question: What instrument is typically used for the incision during the procedure?

Answer: Bovie cautery.


Question: Where is the typical location of the skin paddle on the muscle?

Answer: Inframedial border of the pectoralis major muscle.


Question: What is the primary focus of the procedure being demonstrated?

Answer: Incision.


Question: How many key points are involved in the incision extension?

Answer: Three.


Question: What is revealed by carefully lifting the tissue during the procedure?

Answer: Muscular plane.


Question: What is the consequence of not lifting the tissue before proceeding with the incision?

Answer: Inadvertent penetration through muscles.


Question: What specific reference point is crucial during the incision procedure?

Answer: Midline reference.


Question: Which muscle protects the internal jugular vein during dissection?

Answer: Omohyoid muscle.


Question: What nerve is identified at its entry into the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: Which muscle's medial side is followed for approximately one centimeter in the superior third?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What is used as a landmark to identify the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer: Parotid gland and sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What principle is used to define the extent of the resection?

Answer: Yellow-blue-yellow principle.


Question: What is the purpose of retraction in this procedure?

Answer: Improves exposure.


Question: What structure's lower border is followed into deeper tissues during dissection?

Answer: Parotid gland.


Question: What is the initial technique used to prepare the surgical site?

Answer: Using moist sponges.


Question: Where does the dissection begin in this operation?

Answer: At the round ligament.


Question: Which ligament is isolated above the ureter during the procedure?

Answer: Infundibulopelvic ligament.


Question: What anatomical structure is temporarily repositioned for better visibility?

Answer: The ovary.


Question: What technique is used for vault suspension?

Answer: Using the round ligament.


Question: What anatomical elements are separated during the operation?

Answer: Anterior and posterior peritoneal leaves.


Question: What anatomical structure is being dissected towards the pelvic floor?

Answer: Sympathetic plexus.


Question: What anatomical structure is manipulated with medial traction?

Answer: Sacral branch.


Question: What procedure is being performed on the sigmoid colon?

Answer: Division.


Question: What part of the colon is potentially mobilized in the video?

Answer: Splenic flexure.


Question: What is divided at the anodermal junction?

Answer: Anal mucosa.


Question: What is the intersphincteric dissection between?

Answer: Internal and external sphincter.


Question: What structure is extracted with traction after mobilization?

Answer: Rectum sigmoid.


Question: What structure is being protected during the dissection?

Answer: Carotid artery.


Question: Which artery branch was encountered and managed?

Answer: Branch of the transverse cervical artery.


Question: What is now visible in the surgical field?

Answer: Common carotid artery.


Question: What caused the small pool of blood at the root of the neck?

Answer: Hydrogenic injury to the thoracic duct.


Question: What was the concern regarding the carotid artery during the procedure?

Answer: Potential torrential bleeding.


Question: Was there any macroscopic invasion of the tumor into the carotid artery?

Answer: No.


Question: Which nerve was excised during the procedure?

Answer: Vagus nerve.


Question: What is being mobilized during the procedure?

Answer: Left colon.


Question: Which area is highlighted along with the right ureter?

Answer: Iliac bifurcation area.


Question: What is placed around the left ureter for recognition?

Answer: Vessel loop.


Question: What anatomical structure's bifurcation is identified during dissection?

Answer: Common iliac vessel.


Question: Which artery is identified and positioned superiorly with the aorta?

Answer: Left common iliac artery.


Question: What device is used for the transection of the proximal colon?

Answer: Autosuture device.


Question: What is used to control the main mesocolonic arteries?

Answer: Standard energy device.


Question: What type of drain is utilized for further identification of the gonadal vessels?

Answer: Penrose drain.


Question: What is applied to the distal colon stump?

Answer: Traction sutures.


Question: Where does lateral dissection commence in relation to the abdominal wall?

Answer: High on the abdominal wall adjacent to the lateral aspect.


Question: What is inserted between the aortic cannulation site and the outflow graft?

Answer: Aortic root vent.


Question: What happens after the cap on the LVAD is removed?

Answer: The graft is attached to the LVAD pump.


Question: What significant event assists with de-airing during the procedure?

Answer: Appearance of a significant amount of blood.


Question: How is the graft secured to the LVAD?

Answer: Screwed onto the outflow segment of the LVAD.


Question: What is used to ensure no air enters the patient during the procedure?

Answer: Clamp on the distal part of the graft.


Question: What instrument is used to verify the de-airing process?

Answer: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).


Question: What is the pump flow rate approximately operating at during the procedure?

Answer: One to two liters per minute.


Question: What is the condition being monitored before the chest is closed?

Answer: Right ventricular (RV) function.


Question: What tool is used to point out the angle of the mandible?

Answer: Debakey forceps.


Question: What muscle is visualized upon incision of the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer: Platysma muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to incise the platysma muscle?

Answer: Metzenbaum scissors.


Question: What anatomical feature is revealed by retracting the platysma muscle?

Answer: Jugular vein.


Question: What is palpably distinct at the bifurcation of the jugular vein in this dog?

Answer: Mandibular salivary gland.


Question: What substance is injected to identify all openings and connections?

Answer: Hydrogen peroxide.


Question: What is the purpose of injecting hydrogen peroxide during the procedure?

Answer: To identify connections and clean the wound.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed on the pilonidal sinus?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What indicates that inflamed tissue may require wider excision?

Answer: Leakage of hydrogen peroxide.


Question: What is examined to ensure all tissue is intact after excision?

Answer: Distal part of the excision site.


Question: What is observed when checking for hydrogen peroxide leakage?

Answer: Leaks only from the skin side.


Question: What is the importance of perforating veins in the procedure?

Answer: To maintain blood flow through the flap.


Question: What new anatomical feature becomes visible during the skin incision?

Answer: Muscle tissue.


Question: What instrument is used for tissue resection?

Answer: Scalpel.


Question: What is used to achieve hemostasis?

Answer: Electrocautery.


Question: What type of drain is placed beneath the flaps?

Answer: Round drain.


Question: Which materials are used for the final closure of the horizontal incision?

Answer: 2-0 and 3-0 monocryl sutures.


Question: What is the suture material used for fixing the areola in place?

Answer: 4-0 monocryl.


Question: What tool is used to mark the location of the areola?

Answer: Areolar marker.


Question: How are the flaps temporarily secured during the procedure?

Answer: With a stapler.


Question: What type of surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Hemicolectomy.


Question: What anatomical structure has a tumor?

Answer: Descending colon.


Question: Which direction is the surgical field initially viewed from?

Answer: Patient's head.


Question: What instrument is used to sever the intestinal segments with staples?

Answer: Surgical stapler (GIA).


Question: What is done to the mesentery during the procedure?

Answer: Incised and blood vessels ligated.


Question: How is intestinal continuity restored?

Answer: Anastomosis.


Question: Which anatomical feature is noted as having an anomaly in the patient?

Answer: Double ureter.


Question: What structure is visibly depicted in the upper region for subsequent resection?

Answer: Transverse colon.


Question: What is demonstrated and dissected up to the kidney?

Answer: Left ureter.


Question: What is used to interact with collagen bundles during the procedure?

Answer: Cannulas.


Question: What is being injected laterally to layer streams of fat?

Answer: Tissue.


Question: What type of tissue is located underneath the mobile tissue?

Answer: Adipose tissue.


Question: What technique is being used to remove the cyst?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What contents are found within the cyst?

Answer: Dead skin cells and oils.


Question: What pathological finding is observed?

Answer: Epidermal inclusion cyst.


Question: What anatomical structure is preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Sternohyoid fascia.


Question: What type of surgical instrument might be used for manual retraction of the thyroid lobe?

Answer: Alice clamp.


Question: Which important nerve is carefully avoided during the procedure?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What is visualized at the cricoid angle during the procedure?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What approach is used for dissection around the superior pole of the thyroid?

Answer: Retraction is adjusted and dissection proceeds around its tip to the posterior surface.


Question: Which gland is liberated in situ with good vascularization during the procedure?

Answer: Right inferior parathyroid gland.


Question: What anatomical structure is first presented in the video?

Answer: Right middle thyroid vein.


Question: What is the position of the right superior parathyroid gland during the surgery?

Answer: In situ.


Question: What vascular structure is avoided using energy devices near during mobilization?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What patient position is used during the procedure?

Answer: Lateral position.


Question: What instrument is used to identify the thoracodorsal pedicle perforators?

Answer: Handheld Doppler.


Question: Which anatomical landmarks are marked for reference?

Answer: Angle of the scapula and bra strap line.


Question: What technique is used during dissection at the upper border of the flap?

Answer: Chamfering technique.


Question: In which plane does the cephalic dissection occur?

Answer: Subfascial plane.


Question: Where does dissection continue after encountering the muscle fascia?

Answer: Towards the axilla.


Question: What arteries are visualized and dissected with the help of an intraoperative Doppler?

Answer: Thoracodorsal arteries.


Question: Which muscle is the flap's fatty component separated from during dissection?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi muscle.


Question: In which direction does the dissection progress to visualize the first perforator?

Answer: From medial to lateral.


Question: What gland is being preserved in the procedure?

Answer: Right inferior parathyroid gland.


Question: What technique is initially recommended to reduce oozing from the thyroid capsule?

Answer: Compression.


Question: What is done if the mobilized parathyroid gland appears dusky?

Answer: Autotransplantation.


Question: Which ligament is severed to mobilize the thyroid gland?

Answer: Ligament of Berry.


Question: How is the ligament of Berry severed during the procedure?

Answer: Using a scalpel.


Question: What structure is positioned safely during the mobilization of the tubercle?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What item is used to tie the ligament of Berry?

Answer: Fine ties.


Question: What artery might be divided if present during the procedure?

Answer: Thyroid ima artery.


Question: What lobe is resected in continuity with the thyroid isthmus in the video?

Answer: Pyramidal lobe.


Question: What is used to divide the parenchyma during the procedure?

Answer: Energy device or clamps and U-stitches.


Question: What suturing method is initially used in the procedure?

Answer: Continuous interlocking.


Question: What is inspected for gaps or defects after closure?

Answer: External oblique aponeurosis.


Question: What is used to cleanse the wound?

Answer: Pyridine.


Question: What type of sutures are applied to the wound after cleansing?

Answer: Simple interrupted sutures.


Question: What is the surgical approach being used?

Answer: Donut mastopexy.


Question: What anatomical structure remains attached to the glandular breast tissue?

Answer: Nipple-areola complex.


Question: What specific procedure is being performed on the tumor?

Answer: Separation from muscle tissue.


Question: What protective measure is being taken regarding the blood vessels?

Answer: Preserving minute blood vessels.


Question: What type of excision is demonstrated in the specimen analysis?

Answer: Wide local excision.


Question: What anatomical structure is being repositioned?

Answer: Cecum.


Question: What suture technique is used to close the skin?

Answer: Intracutaneous running suture.


Question: What type of incision is made to address the unsightly scar?

Answer: Elliptical incision.


Question: Which vein is ligated first during the procedure?

Answer: Anterior jugular vein.


Question: What indicates the probable presence of stones?

Answer: Palpable swelling.


Question: What muscle's intermediate tendon is revealed during dissection?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is avoided during the upper gland dissection?

Answer: Facial nerve.


Question: What vessel is ligated to mitigate bleeding within the gland?

Answer: Intraglandular facial artery.


Question: What instrument is used to develop the plane at the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer: Harmonic synergy.


Question: Which artery is identified during the mobilization of the mass?

Answer: Lingual artery.


Question: Which gland is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: What technique is used to manage the facial artery and vein?

Answer: Focus+ technology.


Question: Which muscle is involved in developing the plane during dissection?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to separate the anal mucosa?

Answer: Curved forceps.


Question: What is the purpose of the piece of hose in the procedure?

Answer: To protect the anal mucosa.


Question: How is the internal anal sphincter identified visually?

Answer: Whitish color and braided fibers.


Question: What is done to the segment of the internal sphincter that needs release?

Answer: It is cut.


Question: Which instrument is used to hold the segment of the internal sphincter before cutting?

Answer: Third forceps.


Question: What anatomical structure was raised during the surgery?

Answer: Skin flaps.


Question: Which muscle was divided during the procedure?

Answer: Sternomastoid muscle.


Question: What obstruction was observed in the IJV during the surgery?

Answer: Completely obstructed by the tumor mass.


Question: What was excised en bloc during the procedure?

Answer: Levels 4 and 5 nodes.


Question: What structure is coagulated, cut, and dissected?

Answer: Right round ligament.


Question: What artery is identified during the procedure?

Answer: Right umbilical artery.


Question: Which space is opened during the operation?

Answer: Lateral paravesical space.


Question: Which lymph node is identified as the target sentinel node?

Answer: Right external iliac sentinel node.


Question: What nerve must be avoided when using cautery?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What instrument is used to grip the specimen?

Answer: LS forceps.


Question: What is the positioning of the pocket created in relation to the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer: Lateral.


Question: Which muscle's fascia is released from fibers using forceps?

Answer: Splenius capitis muscle.


Question: What device aids in connecting the pocket to the inverted L?

Answer: EEA device.


Question: What anatomical structures are visible during the dissection process?

Answer: Clavicle and axilla.


Question: What is the notable area indicated during the colloid injection?

Answer: Retro areolar region.


Question: What is the current activity level of the visible lymph node in the axilla?

Answer: Approaching 4,000.


Question: What surgical action is being taken with the lymph node?

Answer: Harvesting.


Question: What complication is noted with the raised flaps?

Answer: Edge necrosis.


Question: What incision is referred to by Dr. Ramakrishnan?

Answer: Tadpole incision.


Question: What pathological finding is revealed upon opening the sac?

Answer: Cyst.


Question: What instrument is used to inspect the area needing attention?

Answer: Scissors.


Question: What is applied to stop any residual bleeding?

Answer: Cauterization.


Question: What is placed to close the incision internally?

Answer: Dissolvable suture.


Question: What type of tissue is shown as accessible at the procedure site?

Answer: Fat tissue.


Question: Which muscles are being divided in the surgical procedure?

Answer: Strap muscles.


Question: What anatomical structure is being exposed by the division of the strap muscles?

Answer: Upper pole of the thyroid.


Question: What vein is identified for coagulation during the procedure?

Answer: Inferior thyroid vein.


Question: Which anatomical structure is being exposed to potentially remove obstruction?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: What is being retracted or exposed in the surgical field?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid.


Question: What anatomical region is being opened in the surgery?

Answer: Axillary region.


Question: What structure is excised during the procedure?

Answer: Pectoral fascia.


Question: Near which muscle is the fascia excised laterally?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi muscle.


Question: Which specific nerve is mentioned as being at minimal risk during the procedure?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve.


Question: What is carefully lifted that appears to be associated with the latissimus dorsi?

Answer: Pedicle.


Question: Which levels of lymph nodes are addressed in the procedure?

Answer: Levels 1 and 2.


Question: What surgical instrument is being used for tissue removal?

Answer: Liposuction cannula.


Question: What is the primary focus of the tissue removal?

Answer: Glandular tissue.


Question: How much fat is visually removed during the procedure?

Answer: 550 cc's.


Question: What is the nature of the tissue being specifically excised?

Answer: Breast tissue.


Question: What is examined after the tissue removal is complete?

Answer: Muscles.


Question: What procedure is being performed at the five o'clock position?

Answer: Cortex removal.


Question: What is being created at the seven o'clock position?

Answer: Side port.


Question: What material is used to refill the anterior chamber and capsular bag?

Answer: Viscoelastic material.


Question: What type of intraocular lens is implanted?

Answer: Hydrophilic acrylic single-piece.


Question: Which instrument is initially used to remove the viscoelastic material?

Answer: Simcoe cannula.


Question: What technique is used to remove the remaining viscoelastic material?

Answer: Bimanual irrigation and aspiration.


Question: What type of procedure is being completed first?

Answer: Tonsillectomy.


Question: What is being delivered through the neck?

Answer: Tract.


Question: What is being excised during the procedure?

Answer: Cyst and its tract.


Question: How is the area closed after excision?

Answer: In layers.


Question: What happens to the excised specimen?

Answer: Prepared for submission.


Question: What anatomical structure is elevated up to the inferior border of the mandible?

Answer: Subplatysmal flap.


Question: What is used to sever the facial artery?

Answer: Vessel sealer.


Question: Which nerve branch is protected during the surgery?

Answer: Marginal mandibular branch.


Question: What is the expected consequence of encountering mental vessels during dissection?

Answer: Bleeding.


Question: Which muscle's anterior belly is revealed from the contralateral side?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What is the surgeon doing to the indurated area?

Answer: Opening it.


Question: Where is the internal opening observed in relation to the vulva?

Answer: Near the vulva.


Question: What anatomical structures are traversed by the fistula track?

Answer: Sphincter muscles.


Question: What component of the fistula is visible in the video?

Answer: Abscess cavity.


Question: Which muscles are crossed by the trans-sphincteric track?

Answer: External and deeper sphincter muscles.


Question: What decision is made regarding the option of laying the track open?

Answer: Dismissed.


Question: What surgical procedure is planned for the abscess cavity?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What does the wide ridge in the posterior view indicate?

Answer: Thinned-out internal sphincter.


Question: What action is taken for the intersphincteric component of the track?

Answer: Excision.


Question: What is done through the path emerging near the vulva?

Answer: Debridement of the fistula's track.


Question: What is the initial step of the surgical procedure after opening the abdomen?

Answer: Detaching the falciform ligament.


Question: What instrument is used to begin the surgical process after detaching the falciform ligament?

Answer: Thompson retractor.


Question: What anatomical structure is mobilized to expose the duodenum?

Answer: Hepatic flexure.


Question: What surgical process is undertaken to ensure access to the posterior pancreas and adjacent lymph nodes?

Answer: Kocherization.


Question: What two major veins are exposed during the Kocherization process?

Answer: Inferior vena cava and renal vein.


Question: Which artery's origin could be revealed if an artery-first approach is adopted?

Answer: Superior mesenteric artery.


Question: What vein is identified upon opening the lesser sac?

Answer: Left gastroepiploic vein.


Question: What structures become visible near the pancreas's lower border during the procedure?

Answer: Gastrocolic trunk and left gastroepiploic vein.


Question: What is necessary to manage bleeding from the fragile vein near the pancreas's lower edge?

Answer: Careful ligation.


Question: What procedure is being demonstrated?

Answer: DLPL.


Question: Which anatomical structure is perforated by the abscess?

Answer: Internal sphincter.


Question: What instrument is used for the debridement of the fistula tract?

Answer: Laser.


Question: Where do some of the external openings of the fistula extend towards?

Answer: Hip and lower back.


Question: What surgical technique is used to debride the fistula tract?

Answer: Debridement.


Question: What position is mentioned in relation to the extension of the abscess?

Answer: 8 o'clock position.


Question: What is used to extract material from the space?

Answer: Scoop.


Question: Which muscle is involved in the process described?

Answer: Levator muscle.


Question: What gland is being excised?

Answer: Submandibular gland.


Question: Which artery is resected during the procedure?

Answer: Facial artery.


Question: What nerve is exposed in the submandibular region?

Answer: Lingual nerve.


Question: Besides the gland, what other structures are excised?

Answer: Lymph nodes.


Question: Which structures are found within the intercostal space?

Answer: Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve.


Question: What structure gives rise to the intercostal artery branches?

Answer: Descending thoracic aorta.


Question: From which artery does the highest intercostal artery originate?

Answer: Costocervical trunk.


Question: What does the phrenic nerve provide motor supply to?

Answer: Diaphragm.


Question: Which vein drains into the azygos venous system?

Answer: Intercostal vein.


Question: What nerve is identified in the intercostal space?

Answer: Ventral primary rami of the spinal nerve.


Question: What anatomical structure is being separated from the strap muscles?

Answer: Thyroid gland.


Question: What instrument is used to separate loose areolar tissue?

Answer: Bipolar instrument.


Question: Which gland is visible on the right side during the procedure?

Answer: Inferior parathyroid gland.


Question: What nerve is traced in the tracheoesophageal groove?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: Where is the inferior thyroid artery located in relation to the parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer: Medial.


Question: What is done to the inferior thyroid vein during the procedure?

Answer: Ligated and severed.


Question: What artery is identified at the upper pole of the left lobe?

Answer: Anterior branch of the superior thyroid artery.


Question: What is done to the thyroid lobe attached to the trachea?

Answer: Separated from the trachea.


Question: Which anatomical structure is identified at this stage of the surgery?

Answer: First sacral nerve.


Question: What technique is used to assess the tumor?

Answer: Finger palpation.


Question: Which anatomical muscle's fascia might be passed through?

Answer: Piriformis muscle.


Question: What is performed to ensure proper alignment with the anterior plane?

Answer: Dissection of the anterior mesorectum.


Question: In which area is vascular control deemed critical?

Answer: Left posterolateral dissection site.


Question: What is visible protruding at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: The gland.


Question: What layer is clearly visible during the procedure?

Answer: Muscle layer.


Question: What color is the coating covering the gland?

Answer: White.


Question: What technique is used to avoid indentation in the area?

Answer: Deep dermal stitch.


Question: What is applied to secure the area after the stitch?

Answer: Steristrips.


Question: Which anatomical structure is affected by cancer recurrence?

Answer: Left ovary.


Question: Which nerve is identified during the dissection?

Answer: Obturator nerve.


Question: What is used to handle the internal iliac artery?

Answer: Vessel loop.


Question: What instrument is used to transect the internal iliac artery?

Answer: Clips and proline stitch.


Question: What approach is taken to secure the internal iliac vein?

Answer: Transection and clips.


Question: What type of incision is being made?

Answer: Horizontal incision.


Question: At what anatomical level is the incision made?

Answer: Cricoid level.


Question: Which muscles are exposed and skeletonized?

Answer: Strap muscles.


Question: Which nerves are prioritized for preservation?

Answer: Superior laryngeal nerves.


Question: Which structure is the tumor visible through?

Answer: Thyrohyoid membrane.


Question: What instrument may be used to cut the thyroid cartilage in this procedure?

Answer: Oscillating saw.


Question: What type of lesion is being identified in the video?

Answer: T3 lesion.


Question: What diagnostic procedure is being performed?

Answer: Rectal ultrasound.


Question: What test indicates an anastomotic leak in the video?

Answer: Reverse ear leak test.


Question: What is observed that confirms the presence of a leak?

Answer: Bubbling.


Question: What type of suture is used for the repair?

Answer: Vicryl suture.


Question: What instrument is used to assist in maintaining a tension-free repair?

Answer: Transanal retractor.


Question: What confirmatory test is conducted after the repair?

Answer: Reverse Ehrlich test.


Question: What procedure is performed after confirming the repair?

Answer: Temporary covering loop ileostomy.


Question: What surgical procedure is involved in the repair of the rectovaginal fistula?

Answer: Episioproctotomy and sphincteroplasty.


Question: What is the position of the patient during the surgery?

Answer: Modified lithotomy posture.


Question: What is the purpose of the JP drain inserted during the procedure?

Answer: To drain fluids.


Question: What type of suture is used to close the rectum?

Answer: 2-0 PDA sutures.


Question: How is the sphincter complex managed during the surgery?

Answer: It is mobilized and divided across the fistula.


Question: What is the initial step of the surgical procedure?

Answer: Large incision.


Question: Which instrument is used to individually dissect and divide the anterior jugular veins?

Answer: Harmonic scalpel.


Question: What type of suture is used to suture back the flaps?

Answer: 2-0 silk.


Question: Which muscle is divided first among the strap muscles?

Answer: Sternohyoid.


Question: Which forceps is used on the superior thyroid pole?

Answer: Babcock forceps.


Question: What action is performed on the superior thyroid vessels?

Answer: Ligated or coagulated and divided.


Question: Which nerve is identified passing onto the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer: External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.


Question: What technique is used to dissect the lower pole on the right side?

Answer: Blunt dissection with a peanut.


Question: Which portion of the gland is mobilized into the superior mediastinum?

Answer: Retrosternal portion.


Question: What type of retraction is applied to the gland during dissection?

Answer: Medial and anterior traction.


Question: What is being dissected in the video?

Answer: Superior laryngeal nerve.


Question: What instrument is used to grasp the hyoid bone?

Answer: Allis forceps.


Question: What bone is skeletonized by severing muscular attachments?

Answer: Hyoid bone.


Question: Which artery needs to be avoided during the procedure?

Answer: Lingual artery.


Question: What muscle is preserved for closure after pharyngeal mucosa closure?

Answer: Inferior constrictor muscle.


Question: What instrument is used to undermine the mucosa on the thyroid cartilage?

Answer: Freer elevator.


Question: What is mirrored on the opposite side of the neck in the procedure?

Answer: Skeletonization of hyoid and thyroid cartilage.


Question: What is incised to transfer the endotracheal tube?

Answer: Trachea.


Question: What type of suture is being used in the procedure?

Answer: 3-0 absorbable monofilament suture.


Question: What is made to remove excess prosthetic material?

Answer: Peripheral cut.


Question: Where are the stitches placed to secure the mesh?

Answer: Pectoral muscle.


Question: What is done to prevent implant rotation during the postoperative period?

Answer: Stitches are placed.


Question: What procedure is being performed on the thyroid?

Answer: Thyroidectomy.


Question: Which nerve is preserved during the surgery?

Answer: Recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: Which artery is exposed during neck dissection?

Answer: Carotid artery.


Question: What type of gland is preserved during the surgery?

Answer: Parathyroid gland.


Question: What structure is encased by the soft tissue swelling?

Answer: Vertebral artery.


Question: What is observed encroaching on C5?

Answer: Soft tissue swelling.


Question: What type of veins are exposed during the surgery?

Answer: Jugular vein.


Question: What conclusion does the surgery end with?

Answer: Hemostasis.


Question: Which muscle's lateral border is identified?

Answer: Latissimus dorsi muscle.


Question: What is encountered on the medial axillary wall?

Answer: Second intercostal nerve.


Question: What must be carefully freed and allowed to reposition in the posterior region?

Answer: Long thoracic nerve.


Question: What artery is identified as crucial for the latissimus dorsi flap?

Answer: Thoracodorsal artery.


Question: What emerges from behind the vein medial to the thoracodorsal vessels?

Answer: Thoracodorsal nerve.


Question: What structure is revealed in the lateral corner during dissection?

Answer: Large lymph node.


Question: What is the position of the vein marking the supralateral border of the dissection?

Answer: Superiorly visible.


Question: What is incised parallel to the vein in the video?

Answer: Axillary fat.


Question: What reveals the remaining axillary fat and nodes at level 3?

Answer: Axilla with retractors in place.


Question: What must be properly retracted to access level 3 without division?

Answer: Pectoralis minor.


Question: What anatomical structures are involved in the adhesions being addressed in the surgery?

Answer: Sigmoid colon and abdominal wall.


Question: What maneuver is performed after the adhesions are transected?

Answer: Rectraction of descending and sigmoid colon medially.


Question: What anatomical feature is exposed by retracting the colon?

Answer: White line of TOLD.


Question: In which direction is the line of TOLD incised?

Answer: Caudally to cranially.


Question: What surgical direction guides the mesentery dissection?

Answer: Lateral to medial.


Question: What is a risk associated with proceeding into the retroperitoneal area?

Answer: Injuring underlying structures like gonadal vessels and ureter.


Question: What structures are visualized in the video that pose a risk if injured?

Answer: Gonadal vessels and ureter.


Question: What is initially elevated to access the thyroid gland?

Answer: The skin.


Question: Which structures are separated to reach the thyroid gland?

Answer: Muscles along the middle of the neck.


Question: Which major blood vessel is sectioned during the procedure?

Answer: Left inferior thyroid artery.


Question: What is the white structure observed beneath the dissection?

Answer: Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: Which gland is conserved during the procedure?

Answer: Left superior parathyroid gland.


Question: What is the relationship between the right inferior thyroid artery and another structure?

Answer: It shares a close connection with the right recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Question: What is the significant structure excised at the end of the procedure?

Answer: The entire thyroid gland.


Question: What initial incision is made to start the procedure?

Answer: Skin incision in the second intercostal space.


Question: Which muscles are resected to access the tumor?

Answer: Pectoralis major and minor.


Question: Which arteries are clamped during the procedure?

Answer: Subclavian artery.


Question: What is performed after the tumor and surrounding tissue are resected?

Answer: The wound is closed and sutured.


Question: What suture technique is used to close the skin?

Answer: Intradermic technique.


Question: What anatomical landmarks are used to determine the skin incision location?

Answer: Sternal notch and chin.


Question: What is the lateral boundary for the skin incision?

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid muscle.


Question: How is symmetry ensured in the incision placement?

Answer: A thread is pressed against the skin.


Question: What structural landmark is encountered during the upper flap dissection?

Answer: Hyoid bone.


Question: Which vein is identified in the surgical field?

Answer: Anterior jugular vein.


Question: What instrument is used to divide the bowel?

Answer: Linear stapler.


Question: What is being done to the bowel above the pouch?

Answer: Divided.


Question: What anatomical structure is highlighted during the flap demonstration?

Answer: Perforator.


Question: What technique is used to provide access during the procedure?

Answer: Retraction.


Question: What is displayed after dissection in the video?

Answer: Fascia and muscle.


Question: What is the purpose of connecting the perforator to the chest?

Answer: Return of sensation.


Question: What is being protected to ensure nerve supply to the muscle?

Answer: Motor nerve.


Question: What vascular structure is visible extending towards the groin?

Answer: Pedicle.


Question: What characteristic of the pedicle is observed in the video?

Answer: Pulsation.


Question: What condition is visible in the photograph?

Answer: Rectovaginal fistula.


Question: What two anatomical structures are involved in the condition?

Answer: Rectum and vagina.


Question: What type of flap is used in the breast reconstruction?

Answer: DIEP flap.


Question: What type of mastectomy is performed in the video?

Answer: Skin-sparing mastectomy.


Question: What is visible as a result of relieving stress on the mastectomy flaps?

Answer: Additional skin island.


Question: What indicates the thin nature of the mastectomy flaps?

Answer: Bruising.


Question: What technique was applied to the nipple-areola complex tissue?

Answer: Waffle technique.


Question: What visual detail indicates post-operative care to avoid fluid accumulation?

Answer: Undulations from liposuction and quilting stitches.


Question: What procedure was done to the nipple-areola complex to achieve texture?

Answer: Waffle technique.


Question: What percentage of gynecomastia tissue was excised?

Answer: Approximately 98%.


Question: What instrument is expected to heal the incision made for?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: What technique is used to prevent fluid accumulation post-surgery?

Answer: Internal quilting stitches.


Question: What pathological condition is being surgically addressed?

Answer: Gynecomastia.


Question: What type of sutures are used in the procedure?

Answer: Quilting sutures.


Question: Which part of the anatomy are the sutures matching with the skin?

Answer: Muscle below the fascia.


Question: What is demonstrated as part of the quilted area?

Answer: Dimpling stitches.


Question: By how many millimeters was the measurement reduced after suturing?

Answer: 15 millimeters.


Question: What test is performed to check for air leaks?

Answer: Air test.


Question: What specific action is taken before withdrawing the surgical stapling device?

Answer: Grasp the rectum distal to the anastomotic ring.


Question: What is created during low anterior resections?

Answer: Vacuum effect.


Question: What anatomical structure is grasped before removing the device?

Answer: Rectum.


Question: What part of the anatomy is the device reaching?

Answer: Proximal rectum.


Question: What is being prevented by the device at the top of the rectum?

Answer: Pushing through the rectal wall.


Question: How many clicks does the instrument produce during closure?

Answer: Two.


Question: What does the first click of the instrument allow for?

Answer: Inspection for tension or twisting of the bowel.


Question: What does the second click of the instrument indicate?

Answer: Firing of pins through the ring.


Question: What aids in preventing tenting of the bowel when the interval trocar is opened?

Answer: Fingers placed on either side.


Question: What indicates that the two ends of the bowel are securely closed?

Answer: Alignment of the two orange rings.


Question: What type of cyst is being focused on in the video?

Answer: Epidermoid cyst.


Question: What procedure is being performed on the cyst?

Answer: Cyst removal.


Question: What is removed after exposing the area where the punctum was located?

Answer: Top of the cyst.


Question: What happens to dead skin cells inside the cyst?

Answer: They become macerated keratin.


Question: What technique is shown during the suturing process?

Answer: Lifting one part and cutting beneath a knot.


Question: Which muscle is a retractor being inserted beneath?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: What anatomical structure is being mobilized to locate?

Answer: Upper end of the jugular vein.


Question: What nerve is located near the upper end of the jugular vein?

Answer: Spinal accessory nerve.


Question: What tool is likely being used to dissect the spinal accessory nerve free?

Answer: Appropriate surgical tools.


Question: What type of tumor is being operated on?

Answer: Choroidal melanoma.


Question: What type of flap is created during the procedure?

Answer: Conjunctival flap.


Question: Which instrument is used to create the scleral flap?

Answer: DeMar scarifier.


Question: What procedure is performed circumferentially to avoid damage to the lens?

Answer: Iridocyclectomy.


Question: What is injected into the anterior chamber to prevent postoperative hypotony and hemorrhage?

Answer: Viscoelastic.


Question: How is the pupil reformed during the procedure?

Answer: By gently stroking the cornea with an iris depositor.


Question: Where are the traction sutures placed to form the lamellar scleral flap?

Answer: At the scleral limbus.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed on the cecum?

Answer: Mobilization.


Question: What is the purpose of the precautionary stitch on the terminal ileum?

Answer: Prevent retrograde cancer spread.


Question: What structures are fully extracted through the incision?

Answer: Transverse colon and omentum.


Question: What artery is shown pulsating at the base of the mesentery?

Answer: Superior mesenteric artery.


Question: Which arteries are focused on for ligation during the procedure?

Answer: Ileocolic, medial colic, and right colic arteries.


Question: What is being prepared at the site after the affected tissue is removed?

Answer: Anastomosis with the ileum.


Question: What is being used to expose the rectus muscle?

Answer: Retractors.


Question: What instrument is holding the peritoneum in place?

Answer: Artery forceps.


Question: What type of incision is made in the peritoneum?

Answer: An incision.


Question: What instrument is used to bring out the sigmoid colon?

Answer: Non-toothed forceps.


Question: What is passed through the window in the mesocolon?

Answer: 18 French cellulase tube.


Question: What type of suture is placed using monopolar diathermy?

Answer: Interrupted V-suture.


Question: What layer is involved in the interrupted silk suture?

Answer: Full thickness of the skin.


Question: What device is connected to an IV bag?

Answer: Infiltrating device.


Question: What muscle is associated with the anterior belly observed in the video?

Answer: Digastric muscle.


Question: Which vein is related to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle in the video?

Answer: Common facial vein.


Question: What structure is highlighted adjacent to the intermediate tendon?

Answer: Stylohyoid muscle.


Question: Which nerve is differentiated from the hyoglossus muscle due to anatomical proximity?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: What structure is the hypoglossal nerve superficial to, as seen in the video?

Answer: Mylohyoid muscle.


Question: Which sheath contains the carotid arteries as shown in the video?

Answer: Carotid sheath.


Question: What solution is injected at the beginning of the procedure?

Answer: Tumescent solution.


Question: What aspect is emphasized in the area beneath the nipple during infiltration?

Answer: Hardness of the gland.


Question: What is the purpose of the numbing agent in the solution?

Answer: Pain relief.


Question: What surgical technique is demonstrated after the tumescent solution settles?

Answer: Liposuction.


Question: What happens to the gland after liposuction?

Answer: It remains visible.


Question: What is the appearance of the eschar being debrided?

Answer: Leathery.


Question: What type of necrosis is observed in the underlying tissue?

Answer: Liquefaction necrosis.


Question: What is being applied to the cleaned ulcer at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Topical dressing.


Question: Is any bone exposure observed during the procedure?

Answer: No.


Question: What is carefully avoided during the debridement to protect viable tissue?

Answer: Bleeding plane.


Question: What is done to check for leaks in the balloon after inflation?

Answer: Submerged underwater.


Question: What is used to confirm the elimination of air and fluid spaces around the balloon?

Answer: Ultrasound imaging.


Question: What is measured using an obturator marked for calibration?

Answer: Balloon's length.


Question: What action is taken after the obturator is removed?

Answer: The balloon is sterilely draped.


Question: What is the purpose of placing a lead shield over the area?

Answer: To prepare for intraoperative radiation therapy.


Question: What is done after radiation is administered and the procedure is complete?

Answer: The IORT machine is disconnected.


Question: What happens to the cavity after the IORT balloon is removed?

Answer: It is clipped to mark the location.


Question: What is the purpose of the cervical flap in the procedure?

Answer: Cover the skin defect.


Question: What is revealed during the dissection near the tragal cartilage?

Answer: Tragal pointer.


Question: What surgical procedure is being performed?

Answer: Parotidectomy.


Question: What anatomical structure is exposed as a uniform sheet during flap elevation?

Answer: Platysma muscle.


Question: What instrument is placed in the surgical site after excision?

Answer: Suction drain.


Question: Which nerve's branches are carefully preserved during the procedure?

Answer: Facial nerve.


Question: What type of tissue is included in the excised specimen?

Answer: Scar tissue.


Question: How is the skin incision closed at the end of the procedure?

Answer: Sutures.


Question: What muscle is the primary extrinsic muscle of the tongue?

Answer: Genioglossus muscle.


Question: What structure constitutes the floor of the mouth and can be observed in the video?

Answer: Myelohyoid muscle.


Question: Which structure delineates the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer: Vallate papillae.


Question: What nerve innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Answer: Hypoglossal nerve.


Question: What is the primary source of blood to the tongue?

Answer: Lingual artery.


Question: What nerve supplies the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve.


Question: What fold is visible in the specimen?

Answer: Lateral glossoepiglottic fold.


Question: What surgical technique is used for treating skin tunnels?

Answer: De-roofing.


Question: What is removed during the de-roofing procedure?

Answer: Roof of the tunnel.


Question: What nerve block is performed at the start of the procedure?

Answer: Lingual nerve block.


Question: What anatomical structure is focused on for the initial nerve block?

Answer: Lingual aspect of the mandible.


Question: What technique is used to confirm correct needle positioning during the block?

Answer: Aspiration with the syringe.


Question: Which duct is monitored for patency during the procedure?

Answer: Wharton's duct.


Question: What is the obstruction being removed from Wharton's duct?

Answer: Sialolith.


Question: What technique is used to remove the stone from the duct?

Answer: Manual milking of the stone.


Question: What is used to mark the lesion?

Answer: Microclip.


Question: What muscle's fascia is exposed after excision?

Answer: Pectoralis major.


Question: What is being prepared for intraoperatively?

Answer: Radiation therapy.


Question: What is elevated to position the stainless steel shield?

Answer: Lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.


Question: What is the size of the stainless steel shield used?

Answer: 7 cm.


Question: What is situated on top of the muscle for treatment?

Answer: IRT balloon.


Question: What type of sutures are used to create space for the IORT balloon?

Answer: Number two nylon sutures.


Question: What anatomical structure is marked for dissection?

Answer: Mesorectal plane.


Question: What is the surgical goal indicated by the dissection plane?

Answer: R0 resection.


Question: What instrument is used to retract the scarred area?

Answer: Lone Star retractor.


Question: What tissue is being excised during the procedure?

Answer: Scarred anus.


Question: Which structure is used to elevate the mucosa?

Answer: Follicle.


Question: What is revealed after the removal of the scarred anus?

Answer: Balloon in the internal sphincter area.


Question: What is being stitched to construct a new structure?

Answer: Anal mucosa and skin.


Question: What position is the tumor marking located on the breast?

Answer: 12 o'clock position.


Question: What tool is used to deepen the skin incision?

Answer: Cautery.


Question: What tool replaces the skin hooks in deeper layers of the procedure?

Answer: Langenbeck retractors.


Question: What is the maintained margin around the tumor during dissection?

Answer: 1 centimeter.


Question: What is applied to mark the deep tissue for pathologist orientation?

Answer: Methylene blue.


Question: What method is used to approximate the outer and inner concentric incisions during closure?

Answer: Interrupted sutures.


Question: What position is one of the internal openings located at?

Answer: 12 o'clock position.


Question: What tool is used to trace the fistula tract?

Answer: Probe.


Question: What muscle does one branch deeply encounter?

Answer: Levator ani muscle.


Question: What is used to illuminate the tract towards the tailbone?

Answer: Laser beam.


Question: How much energy is initially delivered to the internal opening?

Answer: 500 Joules.


Question: What specific anatomical feature is targeted at the 12 o'clock position?

Answer: Fissure bed.


Question: What sign indicates an infected fissure at the internal opening?

Answer: Inflamed papilla.