Prompt:
What's the name for an organic compound in which halogen atoms are substituted for hydrogen in a hydrocarbon?

Choices:
H. alcohol
F. glucose
B. sodium halide
Q. alkyl halide

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What's the name for an organic compound in which halogen atoms are substituted for hydrogen in a hydrocarbon?\n\nChoices:\nH. alcohol\nF. glucose\nB. sodium halide\nQ. alkyl halide"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "An alkyl halide is an organic compound in which one or more halogen atoms are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. The general formulas for organic molecules with functional groups use the letter R to stand for the rest of the molecule outside of the functional group. Because there are four possible halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) that can act as the functional group, we use the general formula R−X to represent an alkyl halide. The rules for naming "}


Prompt:
What kind of waves are sound waves?

Choices:
O. External
C. internal
A. mechanical
L. spinning

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of waves are sound waves?\n\nChoices:\nO. External\nC. internal\nA. mechanical\nL. spinning"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "A: It wouldn't unless the vibrations were carried by another medium. Sound waves are mechanical waves, so they can travel only though matter and not through empty space."}


Prompt:
Where did most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century go?

Choices:
I. east across the Mississippi River
O. west toward Ohio
F. south toward Georgia
K. north toward Canada

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where did most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century go?\n\nChoices:\nI. east across the Mississippi River\nO. west toward Ohio\nF. south toward Georgia\nK. north toward Canada"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1862, "id": 1862, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The axon is a long extension of the cell body that transmits what to other cells?

Choices:
S. nerve impulses
C. synthesis impulses
K. blood impulses
F. calcium impulses

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The axon is a long extension of the cell body that transmits what to other cells?\n\nChoices:\nS. nerve impulses\nC. synthesis impulses\nK. blood impulses\nF. calcium impulses"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "The axon is a long extension of the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other cells. The axon branches at the end, forming axon terminals . These are the points where the neuron communicates with other cells."}


Prompt:
Air is an example of what state of matter?

Choices:
K. plasma
Q. gas
D. liquid
N. solid

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Air is an example of what state of matter?\n\nChoices:\nK. plasma\nQ. gas\nD. liquid\nN. solid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Because air is a gas, its molecules have a lot of energy. Air molecules move a lot and bump into things. For this reason, they exert pressure. Air pressure is defined as the weight of the air pressing against a given area."}


Prompt:
On a particularly hot day, a young woman clicks on a fan in the room, and the blades of the fan begin to quietly rotate in a circular motion, which

Choices:
I. blasts cold air outdoors
J. pulls dust into a vacuum
T. rustles the air around it
N. heats up the surrounding air

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "On a particularly hot day, a young woman clicks on a fan in the room, and the blades of the fan begin to quietly rotate in a circular motion, which\n\nChoices:\nI. blasts cold air outdoors\nJ. pulls dust into a vacuum\nT. rustles the air around it\nN. heats up the surrounding air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Which are the three most important temperature scales?

Choices:
C. thermoelectric , celsius , kelvin
R. fahrenheit, celsius, kelvin
N. Kelvin, celcius, richter
L. temperatures , celsius , kelvin

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which are the three most important temperature scales?\n\nChoices:\nC. thermoelectric , celsius , kelvin\nR. fahrenheit, celsius, kelvin\nN. Kelvin, celcius, richter\nL. temperatures , celsius , kelvin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Temperature Scales Thermometers are used to measure temperature according to well-defined scales of measurement, which use pre-defined reference points to help compare quantities. The three most common temperature scales are the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. A temperature scale can be created by identifying two easily reproducible temperatures. The freezing and boiling temperatures of water at standard atmospheric pressure are commonly used. The Celsius scale (which replaced the slight"}


Prompt:
What kinds of winds can be found in belts that span the entire circumference of the earth?

Choices:
D. Trade winds
I. Local Winds
S. Periodic winds
P. global winds

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kinds of winds can be found in belts that span the entire circumference of the earth?\n\nChoices:\nD. Trade winds\nI. Local Winds\nS. Periodic winds\nP. global winds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Global winds are winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet ( Figure below ). Like local winds, global winds are caused by unequal heating of the atmosphere."}


Prompt:
How long did the Strange Little Birds Tour by Garbage last?

Choices:
F. The tour lasted for five months, from March 1 to July 31, 2016.
N. The tour lasted for a week, from May 16 to May 23, 2016.
D. The tour lasted for seven months, from May 16 to December 17, 2016.
O. The tour lasted for two months, from June 1 to July 31, 2016.
I. The tour lasted for three weeks, from August 1 to August 21, 2016.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "How long did the Strange Little Birds Tour by Garbage last?\n\nChoices:\nF. The tour lasted for five months, from March 1 to July 31, 2016.\nN. The tour lasted for a week, from May 16 to May 23, 2016.\nD. The tour lasted for seven months, from May 16 to December 17, 2016.\nO. The tour lasted for two months, from June 1 to July 31, 2016.\nI. The tour lasted for three weeks, from August 1 to August 21, 2016."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
During the summer solstice the Earth is actually what in relation to the red giant?

Choices:
I. far away
L. Unhappy
D. Feeling sick
Q. Dying

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "During the summer solstice the Earth is actually what in relation to the red giant?\n\nChoices:\nI. far away\nL. Unhappy\nD. Feeling sick\nQ. Dying"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
A phase diagram plots pressure and what else?

Choices:
D. precipitation
A. temperature
H. volume
K. oxygen

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "A phase diagram plots pressure and what else?\n\nChoices:\nD. precipitation\nA. temperature\nH. volume\nK. oxygen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Summary The states of matter exhibited by a substance under different temperatures and pressures can be summarized graphically in a phase diagram, which is a plot of pressure versus temperature. Phase diagrams contain discrete regions corresponding to the solid, liquid, and gas phases. The solid and liquid regions are separated by the melting curve of the substance, and the liquid and gas regions are separated by its vapor pressure curve, which ends at the critical point. Within a given region, "}


Prompt:
What positions does Alaa Thabet currently hold in the field of journalism in Egypt according to the provided Wikipedia excerpt?

Choices:
L. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the editor-in-chief of a leading magazine and the deputy editor-in-chief of another magazine
I. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and the deputy editor-in-chief of a leading magazine
O. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the editor-in-chief of a leading magazine
B. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the deputy editor-in-chief of a leading magazine
G. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What positions does Alaa Thabet currently hold in the field of journalism in Egypt according to the provided Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nL. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the editor-in-chief of a leading magazine and the deputy editor-in-chief of another magazine\nI. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and the deputy editor-in-chief of a leading magazine\nO. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the editor-in-chief of a leading magazine\nB. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation and the deputy editor-in-chief of a leading magazine\nG. Alaa Thabet is an Egyptian journalist and currently the editor-in-chief of the Al-Ahram Newspaper and a member of the board of directors of the Al-Ahram Foundation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Why would prokaryotes be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent?

Choices:
A. too much heat
H. lack of light
R. too much light
O. too cold

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why would prokaryotes be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent?\n\nChoices:\nA. too much heat\nH. lack of light\nR. too much light\nO. too cold"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Chapter 22 1 Figure 22.8 The extracellular matrix and outer layer of cells protects the inner bacteria. The close proximity of cells also facilitates lateral gene transfer, a process by which genes such as antibiotic resistance genes are transferred from one bacterium to another. And even if lateral gene transfer does not occur, one bacterium that produces an exo-enzyme that destroys antibiotic may save neighboring bacteria. 3 Figure 22.19 D 4 A 6 A 8 B 10 B 12 A 14 B 16 C 18 B 20 D 22 D 24 B 25"}


Prompt:
Rocks may be rounded by

Choices:
E. hydro-erosion
O. photosynthesis
G. Cloudy conditions
H. audio feedback

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Rocks may be rounded by\n\nChoices:\nE. hydro-erosion\nO. photosynthesis\nG. Cloudy conditions\nH. audio feedback"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Decomposition occurs when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms back to the soil by eating them; what is an example of this?

Choices:
T. slugs digging through mulch
P. worms devouring a corpse
J. wet leaves denigrating in a pile
N. flies laying eggs on a body

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Decomposition occurs when a decomposer recycles nutrients from dead organisms back to the soil by eating them; what is an example of this?\n\nChoices:\nT. slugs digging through mulch\nP. worms devouring a corpse\nJ. wet leaves denigrating in a pile\nN. flies laying eggs on a body"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Wetlands are extremely important as an ecosystem and as a filter for what?

Choices:
T. clouds
F. wind
M. storms
D. pollutants

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Wetlands are extremely important as an ecosystem and as a filter for what?\n\nChoices:\nT. clouds\nF. wind\nM. storms\nD. pollutants"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Wetlands are extremely important as an ecosystem and as a filter for pollutants."}


Prompt:
What is the traditional filling for liver cake in Ukrainian, Russian, and Hungarian cuisines?

Choices:
K. Carrots, grated eggs, herbs, or onions as the topping for the cake.
S. Beef liver mixed in the batter and served as the filling of the cake.
B. Cream cheese or mayonnaise spread between the layers of the cake.
J. Pork liver mixed in the batter and served as the filling of the cake.
F. Chicken liver mixed in the batter and spread between the layers of the cake.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the traditional filling for liver cake in Ukrainian, Russian, and Hungarian cuisines?\n\nChoices:\nK. Carrots, grated eggs, herbs, or onions as the topping for the cake.\nS. Beef liver mixed in the batter and served as the filling of the cake.\nB. Cream cheese or mayonnaise spread between the layers of the cake.\nJ. Pork liver mixed in the batter and served as the filling of the cake.\nF. Chicken liver mixed in the batter and spread between the layers of the cake."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
How many pi bonds are found in a triple bond?

Choices:
K. 10
B. six
Q. four
T. two

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many pi bonds are found in a triple bond?\n\nChoices:\nK. 10\nB. six\nQ. four\nT. two"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "From the stirrup, the vibrations pass to the oval window . This is another membrane like the eardrum."}


Prompt:
The force exerted by the atmosphere on the earth's surface can be measured with what instrument?

Choices:
M. Geiger counter
T. mass spectrometer
I. barometer
J. anemometer

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The force exerted by the atmosphere on the earth's surface can be measured with what instrument?\n\nChoices:\nM. Geiger counter\nT. mass spectrometer\nI. barometer\nJ. anemometer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "We can measure atmospheric pressure, the force exerted by the atmosphere on the earth's surface, with a barometer (Figure 9.4). A barometer is a glass tube that is closed at one end, filled with a nonvolatile liquid such as mercury, and then inverted and immersed in a container of that liquid. The atmosphere exerts pressure on the liquid outside the tube, the column of liquid exerts pressure inside the tube, and the pressure at the liquid surface is the same inside and outside the tube. The heig"}


Prompt:
Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?

Choices:
A. as a seat for visiting Spanish royalty
K. to defend against imperial challengers
D. to protect the local Timucua
S. to house visiting delegates from rival imperial powers

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?\n\nChoices:\nA. as a seat for visiting Spanish royalty\nK. to defend against imperial challengers\nD. to protect the local Timucua\nS. to house visiting delegates from rival imperial powers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 840, "id": 840, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What basic structures, found in animals and plants, are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems?

Choices:
J. cells
S. proteins
N. bones
D. seeds

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What basic structures, found in animals and plants, are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems?\n\nChoices:\nJ. cells\nS. proteins\nN. bones\nD. seeds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What controls what goes in and out of a cell?

Choices:
D. the nucleus
M. the mitochondria
Q. the cilia
B. the plasma membrane

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What controls what goes in and out of a cell?\n\nChoices:\nD. the nucleus\nM. the mitochondria\nQ. the cilia\nB. the plasma membrane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "The function of the plasma membrane is to control what goes in and out of the cell. Some molecules can go through the cell membrane to enter and leave the cell, but some cannot. The cell is therefore not completely permeable. \"Permeable\" means that anything can cross a barrier. An open door is completely permeable to anything that wants to enter or exit through the door. The plasma membrane is semipermeable , meaning that some things can enter the cell, and some things cannot."}


Prompt:
What is the term for particles composed of three quarks?

Choices:
Q. nucleons
D. mesons
I. baryons
K. tachyons

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for particles composed of three quarks?\n\nChoices:\nQ. nucleons\nD. mesons\nI. baryons\nK. tachyons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Particles that are composed of three quarks are called baryons."}


Prompt:
Larger molecules can have many, many of what that serve to keep the molecule together?

Choices:
I. bonds
T. arms
S. connections
A. tubes

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Larger molecules can have many, many of what that serve to keep the molecule together?\n\nChoices:\nI. bonds\nT. arms\nS. connections\nA. tubes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Larger molecules can have many, many bonds that serve to keep the molecule together. In a large sample of a given molecular compound, all of the individual molecules are identical."}


Prompt:
When the body needs to rid itself of potentially toxic elements within it, what process is utilized?

Choices:
B. process of purging
P. process of circulation
L. process of cooking
H. process of respiration

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "When the body needs to rid itself of potentially toxic elements within it, what process is utilized?\n\nChoices:\nB. process of purging\nP. process of circulation\nL. process of cooking\nH. process of respiration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is not caused by a dimorphic fungus?

Choices:
B. aspergillosis
F. coccidioidomycosis
I. histoplasmosis
D. blastomycosis

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is not caused by a dimorphic fungus?\n\nChoices:\nB. aspergillosis\nF. coccidioidomycosis\nI. histoplasmosis\nD. blastomycosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1779, "id": 1779, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the activity base for service industries most likely to be?

Choices:
L. direct labor cost
G. administrative salaries
S. direct labor hours
B. machine hours

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the activity base for service industries most likely to be?\n\nChoices:\nL. direct labor cost\nG. administrative salaries\nS. direct labor hours\nB. machine hours"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2022, "id": 2022, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is another name for critical speed?

Choices:
N. terminal speed
T. impossible velocity
A. normal speed
D. gravity

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is another name for critical speed?\n\nChoices:\nN. terminal speed\nT. impossible velocity\nA. normal speed\nD. gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "accelerate indefinitely (as it would if we neglect air resistance, for example). Instead, viscous drag increases, slowing acceleration, until a critical speed, called the terminal speed, is reached and the acceleration of the object becomes zero. Once this happens, the object continues to fall at constant speed (the terminal speed). This is the case for particles of sand falling in the ocean, cells falling in a centrifuge, and sky divers falling through the air. Figure 12.19 shows some of the fa"}


Prompt:
Supersaturated solutions of most solids in water are prepared by cooling what?

Choices:
H. dense solutions
P. plasma solutions
T. mineral solutions
B. saturated solutions

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Supersaturated solutions of most solids in water are prepared by cooling what?\n\nChoices:\nH. dense solutions\nP. plasma solutions\nT. mineral solutions\nB. saturated solutions"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "(b) Write a balanced chemical equation showing the products of the dissolution of Fe(NO3)3. Compare the processes that occur when methanol (CH3OH), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolve in water. Write equations and prepare sketches showing the form in which each of these compounds is present in its respective solution. What is the expected electrical conductivity of the following solutions? (a) NaOH(aq) (b) HCl(aq) (c) C6H12O6(aq) (glucose) (d) NH3(l) 14. Why are most so"}


Prompt:
A creature wanting heat will want to make its home

Choices:
L. a place where water is sparse
C. deep in the rainforest
S. somewhere with a lot of insects
P. somewhere wet and foggy

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "A creature wanting heat will want to make its home\n\nChoices:\nL. a place where water is sparse\nC. deep in the rainforest\nS. somewhere with a lot of insects\nP. somewhere wet and foggy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Sometimes birds

Choices:
L. dance to attract predators
M. cause the spread of plants by pooping hard objects found in fruit
E. hide seeds in hollow trees to eat during the winter
C. hide seeds from other birds by burying them

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sometimes birds\n\nChoices:\nL. dance to attract predators\nM. cause the spread of plants by pooping hard objects found in fruit\nE. hide seeds in hollow trees to eat during the winter\nC. hide seeds from other birds by burying them"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
If you had a telescope what is something meant to be viewed by it?

Choices:
R. Vibrio
B. Alcor
G. Heisenberg
S. Greater Pewee

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "If you had a telescope what is something meant to be viewed by it?\n\nChoices:\nR. Vibrio\nB. Alcor\nG. Heisenberg\nS. Greater Pewee"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is one of the two approaches used to analyze data in the decision to keep or discontinue a segment?

Choices:
B. comparing gross margin and variable costs
F. comparing total contribution margin under each alternative
O. comparing contribution margins and variable costs
N. comparing contribution margins and fixed costs

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is one of the two approaches used to analyze data in the decision to keep or discontinue a segment?\n\nChoices:\nB. comparing gross margin and variable costs\nF. comparing total contribution margin under each alternative\nO. comparing contribution margins and variable costs\nN. comparing contribution margins and fixed costs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 211, "id": 211, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the neighboring province of Ifugao in the Philippines?

Choices:
F. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Mountain Province to the north.
Q. Ifugao is a landlocked province and does not share borders with any other provinces.
N. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Benguet to the west.
P. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Nueva Vizcaya to the south.
B. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Isabela to the east.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the neighboring province of Ifugao in the Philippines?\n\nChoices:\nF. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Mountain Province to the north.\nQ. Ifugao is a landlocked province and does not share borders with any other provinces.\nN. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Benguet to the west.\nP. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Nueva Vizcaya to the south.\nB. The neighboring province of Ifugao is Isabela to the east."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Phospholipids are unable to mix with what?

Choices:
R. air
K. nitrogen
O. solids
P. water

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Phospholipids are unable to mix with what?\n\nChoices:\nR. air\nK. nitrogen\nO. solids\nP. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Molecules in the cell membrane allow it to be semipermeable. The membrane is made of a double layer of phospholipids (a \"bilayer\") and proteins ( Figure below ). Recall that phospholipids, being lipids, do not mix with water. It is this quality that allows them to form the outside barrier of the cell."}


Prompt:
What is the measure of sound intensity levels?

Choices:
H. centimeters
N. octaves
B. moles
S. decibels

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the measure of sound intensity levels?\n\nChoices:\nH. centimeters\nN. octaves\nB. moles\nS. decibels"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Sound intensity levels are quoted in decibels (dB) much more often than sound intensities in watts per meter squared. Decibels are the unit of choice in the scientific literature as well as in the popular media. The reasons for this choice of units are related to how we perceive sounds. How our ears perceive sound can be more accurately described by the logarithm of the intensity rather than directly to the intensity. The sound intensity level β in decibels of a sound having an intensity I in wa"}


Prompt:
What do you call air flowing over earth's surface?

Choices:
B. gas
R. air pressure
C. wind
L. steam

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call air flowing over earth's surface?\n\nChoices:\nB. gas\nR. air pressure\nC. wind\nL. steam"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Air always flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Air flowing over Earth's surface is called wind . The greater the difference in pressure, the stronger the wind blows."}


Prompt:
A double form of what reproductive process is unique to angiosperms?

Choices:
S. fertilization
C. stimulation
B. destruction
L. infection

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A double form of what reproductive process is unique to angiosperms?\n\nChoices:\nS. fertilization\nC. stimulation\nB. destruction\nL. infection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Figure 14.26 This diagram shows the lifecycle of an angiosperm. Anthers and ovaries are structures that shelter the actual gametophytes: the pollen grain and embryo sac. Double fertilization is a process unique to angiosperms. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)."}


Prompt:
Each nitrogenous base has one or two rings that include which atoms?

Choices:
R. carbon
S. hydrogen
G. oxygen
P. nitrogen

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each nitrogenous base has one or two rings that include which atoms?\n\nChoices:\nR. carbon\nS. hydrogen\nG. oxygen\nP. nitrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina?

Choices:
M. vagus
Q. optic
S. glossopharyngeal
J. oculomotor

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina?\n\nChoices:\nM. vagus\nQ. optic\nS. glossopharyngeal\nJ. oculomotor"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1447, "id": 1447, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What determines the direction of the sunset in different seasons?

Choices:
P. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during aphelion and perihelion.
Q. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the stars during the equinoxes.
R. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during equinoxes.
T. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Moon during equinoxes.
J. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during solstices.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What determines the direction of the sunset in different seasons?\n\nChoices:\nP. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during aphelion and perihelion.\nQ. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the stars during the equinoxes.\nR. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during equinoxes.\nT. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Moon during equinoxes.\nJ. The sunset direction in different seasons is determined by the Earth's rotation and its position relative to the Sun during solstices."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What are all living things on earth formed of?

Choices:
J. iron compounds
Q. carbon compounds
E. hydrogen compounds
R. dioxide compounds

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are all living things on earth formed of?\n\nChoices:\nJ. iron compounds\nQ. carbon compounds\nE. hydrogen compounds\nR. dioxide compounds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Introduction All living things on earth are formed mostly of carbon compounds. The prevalence of carbon compounds in living things has led to the epithet \"carbon-based\" life. The truth is we know of no other kind of life. Early chemists regarded substances isolated from organisms (plants and animals) as a different type of matter that could not be synthesized artificially, and these substances were thus known as organic compounds. The widespread belief called vitalism held that organic compounds"}


Prompt:
Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called what?

Choices:
K. crystals
P. ions
D. atoms
B. cells

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called what?\n\nChoices:\nK. crystals\nP. ions\nD. atoms\nB. cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Atomic Theory through the Nineteenth Century The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers, the scientists of their day. In the fifth century BC, Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, a term derived from the Greek word for \"indivisible. \" They thought of atoms as moving particles that differed in shape and size, and which could join together. Later, Aristotle and o"}


Prompt:
Decomposition

Choices:
C. can act as a fertilizer for wild flowers
K. is extremely detrimental to the surrounding flora
F. can make dead organisms rise anew like a phoenix
P. is a process completed by predators

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Decomposition\n\nChoices:\nC. can act as a fertilizer for wild flowers\nK. is extremely detrimental to the surrounding flora\nF. can make dead organisms rise anew like a phoenix\nP. is a process completed by predators"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What is the main source of energy for your body?

Choices:
N. fats
O. vitamins
F. carbohydrates
S. proteins

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main source of energy for your body?\n\nChoices:\nN. fats\nO. vitamins\nF. carbohydrates\nS. proteins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are categories of organic compounds. They give your body energy, though carbohydrates are the main source of energy. Proteins provide building materials, such as amino acids to build your own proteins. Proteins, vitamins, and minerals also help control body processes. Carbohydrates include sugars such as the glucose made by photosynthesis. Often glucose is stored in large molecules such as starch. Proteins are found in foods like meats and nuts. Lipids include"}


Prompt:
What term is used to describe anything that takes up space and has mass?

Choices:
G. opacity
S. matter
D. size
K. weight

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to describe anything that takes up space and has mass?\n\nChoices:\nG. opacity\nS. matter\nD. size\nK. weight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "If you look at your hand, what do you see? Of course, you see skin, which consists of cells. But what are skin cells made of? Like all living cells, they are made of matter. In fact, all things are made of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter, in turn, is made up of chemical substances. In this lesson you will learn about the chemical substances that make up living things."}


Prompt:
What is the movement of bone away from the midline of the body?

Choices:
J. extension
S. adduction
L. circumduction
B. abduction

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the movement of bone away from the midline of the body?\n\nChoices:\nJ. extension\nS. adduction\nL. circumduction\nB. abduction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 255, "id": 255, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Vascular disorders involve problems with the flow of what?

Choices:
F. bacteria
S. saliva
E. blood
A. mucus

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Vascular disorders involve problems with the flow of what?\n\nChoices:\nF. bacteria\nS. saliva\nE. blood\nA. mucus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Vascular disorders involve problems with blood flow. For example, a stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die quickly if their oxygen supply is cut off. This may cause paralysis and loss of other normal functions, depending on the part of the brain that is damaged."}


Prompt:
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the two major classes of pigments associated with what process and found in plants and algae?

Choices:
A. mitosis
R. osmosis
O. glycolysis
K. photosynthesis

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the two major classes of pigments associated with what process and found in plants and algae?\n\nChoices:\nA. mitosis\nR. osmosis\nO. glycolysis\nK. photosynthesis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Understanding Pigments Different kinds of pigments exist, and each has evolved to absorb only certain wavelengths (colors) of visible light. Pigments reflect or transmit the wavelengths they cannot absorb, making them appear in the corresponding color. Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the two major classes of photosynthetic pigments found in plants and algae; each class has multiple types of pigment molecules. There are five major chlorophylls: a, b, c and d and a related molecule found in proka"}


Prompt:
Snails, scallops, and squids are examples of invertebrates called what?

Choices:
S. mollusks
G. clams
A. orthopods
K. gastropods

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Snails, scallops, and squids are examples of invertebrates called what?\n\nChoices:\nS. mollusks\nG. clams\nA. orthopods\nK. gastropods"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Mollusks are invertebrates such as snails, scallops, and squids."}


Prompt:
What do you call electrons that form bonds with other elements in compounds and generally determine the properties of elements?

Choices:
D. isotopes
A. shell electrons
T. valence electrons
P. ionic electrons

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call electrons that form bonds with other elements in compounds and generally determine the properties of elements?\n\nChoices:\nD. isotopes\nA. shell electrons\nT. valence electrons\nP. ionic electrons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Other properties of the transition metals are unique. They are the only elements that may use electrons in the next to highest—as well as the highest—energy level as valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons that form bonds with other elements in compounds and that generally determine the properties of elements. Transition metals are unusual in having very similar properties even with different numbers of valence electrons. The transition metals also include the only elements that p"}


Prompt:
Water will always make it's way to the

Choices:
H. ocean
L. moon
A. desert
R. the earth's core

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Water will always make it's way to the\n\nChoices:\nH. ocean\nL. moon\nA. desert\nR. the earth's core"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is not a way to manage earnings?

Choices:
O. Change the figure for the uncollectible percentage.
K. Under the balance sheet aging method, change the past-due categories.
G. Change the method for bad debt estimation.
E. Change the dates of common stock issuance.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is not a way to manage earnings?\n\nChoices:\nO. Change the figure for the uncollectible percentage.\nK. Under the balance sheet aging method, change the past-due categories.\nG. Change the method for bad debt estimation.\nE. Change the dates of common stock issuance."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1403, "id": 1403, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Where is the maroon-backed accentor found?

Choices:
A. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
B. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea.
P. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
D. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.
Q. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Canada, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the maroon-backed accentor found?\n\nChoices:\nA. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.\nB. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea.\nP. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.\nD. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.\nQ. The maroon-backed accentor is found in Canada, Finland, Norway, and Sweden."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What organ is similar to a lymph node but is much larger and filters blood instead of lymph?

Choices:
B. kidney
J. bone
M. spleen
K. liver

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What organ is similar to a lymph node but is much larger and filters blood instead of lymph?\n\nChoices:\nB. kidney\nJ. bone\nM. spleen\nK. liver"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Figure 42.21 The spleen is similar to a lymph node but is much larger and filters blood instead of lymph. Blood enters the spleen through arteries and exits through veins. The spleen contains two types of tissue: red pulp and white pulp. Red pulp consists of cavities that store blood. Within the red pulp, damaged red blood cells are removed and replaced by new ones. White pulp is rich in lymphocytes that remove antigen-coated bacteria from the blood. (credit: modification of work by NCI)."}


Prompt:
What is performed to identify disease-causing genes?

Choices:
H. genetic testing
E. inoculation
J. bioremediation
N. ultrasound

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is performed to identify disease-causing genes?\n\nChoices:\nH. genetic testing\nE. inoculation\nJ. bioremediation\nN. ultrasound"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "CHAPTER SUMMARY 17.1 Biotechnology Nucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis. Short stretches of DNA or RNA can be amplified by PCR. Southern and northern blotting can be used to detect the presence of specific short sequences in a DNA or RNA sample. The term \"cloning\" may refer to "}


Prompt:
What is an example of friction occurring?

Choices:
B. a person thinks a thought
H. there is more resistance driving on gravel than on concrete
I. an apple falls to the ground from a tree
Q. a spring bounces back and forth

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an example of friction occurring?\n\nChoices:\nB. a person thinks a thought\nH. there is more resistance driving on gravel than on concrete\nI. an apple falls to the ground from a tree\nQ. a spring bounces back and forth"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Other than gametes, normal human cells have a total of how many chromosomes per cell?

Choices:
B. 36
M. 46
R. 23
G. 33

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Other than gametes, normal human cells have a total of how many chromosomes per cell?\n\nChoices:\nB. 36\nM. 46\nR. 23\nG. 33"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Human Chromosomes. Human chromosomes are shown here arranged by size. Chromosome 1 is the largest, and chromosome 22 is the smallest. All normal human cells (except gametes) have two of each chromosome, for a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. Only one of each pair is shown here."}


Prompt:
How did the election of 1824 change the way presidents were selected?

Choices:
C. The election convinced many that the parties must adopt the king caucus as the primary method for selecting presidents.
Q. The selection of the candidate with fewer electoral votes triggered the rise of party control over nominations.
O. Following this election, presidents were directly elected.
D. Jackson's supporters decided to create a device for challenging the Electoral College.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "How did the election of 1824 change the way presidents were selected?\n\nChoices:\nC. The election convinced many that the parties must adopt the king caucus as the primary method for selecting presidents.\nQ. The selection of the candidate with fewer electoral votes triggered the rise of party control over nominations.\nO. Following this election, presidents were directly elected.\nD. Jackson's supporters decided to create a device for challenging the Electoral College."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1377, "id": 1377, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Old glory waves thanks to a

Choices:
E. magic
C. pulley
M. bird
L. guy climbing up

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Old glory waves thanks to a\n\nChoices:\nE. magic\nC. pulley\nM. bird\nL. guy climbing up"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
When did Texas win its independence from Mexico?

Choices:
E. 1830
F. 1845
C. 1836
S. 1821

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "When did Texas win its independence from Mexico?\n\nChoices:\nE. 1830\nF. 1845\nC. 1836\nS. 1821"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3059, "id": 3059, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is called what?

Choices:
B. spectroscopy of a wave
E. wavelength of a wave
Q. frequency of a wave
D. spread of a wave

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is called what?\n\nChoices:\nB. spectroscopy of a wave\nE. wavelength of a wave\nQ. frequency of a wave\nD. spread of a wave"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "A photon isn't a fixed amount of energy. Instead, the amount of energy in a photon depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. The frequency of a wave is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, such as the number of waves per second. In waves with higher frequencies, photons have more energy."}


Prompt:
A being may have more of a chance of survival if it can

Choices:
C. hang out in large, loud groups
O. skateboard for long periods of time
D. dance like people are looking
Q. climb up to tall places

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "A being may have more of a chance of survival if it can\n\nChoices:\nC. hang out in large, loud groups\nO. skateboard for long periods of time\nD. dance like people are looking\nQ. climb up to tall places"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
When what element - whose name means "light bringing" - was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air?

Choices:
O. phosphorus
I. oxygen
S. neon
B. mercury

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "When what element - whose name means \"light bringing\" - was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air?\n\nChoices:\nO. phosphorus\nI. oxygen\nS. neon\nB. mercury"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Phosphorus The name phosphorus comes from the Greek words meaning light bringing. When phosphorus was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air. Phosphorus is the only member of its group that does not occur in the uncombined state in nature; it exists in many allotropic forms. We will consider two of those forms: white phosphorus and red phosphorus. White phosphorus is a white, waxy solid that melts at 44.2 °C and boils at 280 °C. It is insoluble"}


Prompt:
Space shuttles are reusable vehicles designed to get astronauts where?

Choices:
R. space
G. the 6th dimension
H. underwater
T. distant solar systems

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Space shuttles are reusable vehicles designed to get astronauts where?\n\nChoices:\nR. space\nG. the 6th dimension\nH. underwater\nT. distant solar systems"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Space shuttles are reusable vehicles for American astronauts to get into space."}


Prompt:
If someone is dying of thirst, they can hydrate by

Choices:
H. drink acid
I. catching rain
N. find snow
P. visiting a valley

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "If someone is dying of thirst, they can hydrate by\n\nChoices:\nH. drink acid\nI. catching rain\nN. find snow\nP. visiting a valley"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
Almost all earthquakes occur at which place?

Choices:
Q. mountains
R. plate boundaries
T. land boundaries
S. continental shelf

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Almost all earthquakes occur at which place?\n\nChoices:\nQ. mountains\nR. plate boundaries\nT. land boundaries\nS. continental shelf"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Almost all earthquakes occur at plate boundaries. All types of plate boundaries have earthquakes. Convection within the Earth causes the plates to move. As the plates move, stresses build. When the stresses build too much, the rocks break. The break releases the energy that was stored in the rocks. The sudden release of energy creates an earthquake. During an earthquake the rocks usually move several centimeters or rarely as much as a few meters. Elastic rebound theory describes how earthquakes "}


Prompt:
Broca's area, responsible for the production of language or controlling movements responsible for speech, is nearly always located on what side of the brain?

Choices:
K. Hand
R. back
I. half
C. left

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Broca's area, responsible for the production of language or controlling movements responsible for speech, is nearly always located on what side of the brain?\n\nChoices:\nK. Hand\nR. back\nI. half\nC. left"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "are responsible for establishing long-term memory, but the ultimate location of those memories is usually in the region in which the sensory perception was processed. The main sensation associated with the parietal lobe is somatosensation, meaning the general sensations associated with the body. Posterior to the central sulcus is the postcentral gyrus, the primary somatosensory cortex, which is identified as Brodmann's areas 1, 2, and 3. All of the tactile senses are processed in this area, incl"}


Prompt:
Viewing stars is made easier by

Choices:
R. technology that picks up sound in space
C. technology that transforms kinetic energy
M. technology that uses electromagnetic induction
J. technology that collects electromagnetic radiation

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Viewing stars is made easier by\n\nChoices:\nR. technology that picks up sound in space\nC. technology that transforms kinetic energy\nM. technology that uses electromagnetic induction\nJ. technology that collects electromagnetic radiation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
The mitotic spindle is an apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during what?

Choices:
T. prometaphase
J. mitosis
L. metaphase
Q. anaphase

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "The mitotic spindle is an apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during what?\n\nChoices:\nT. prometaphase\nJ. mitosis\nL. metaphase\nQ. anaphase"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Context:
People are a nation's greatest resource. Nature's bounty becomes significant only when people
find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into 'resources'. Hence,
human resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop
resources as per their requirements. Human resources like other resources are not equally
distributed over the world. They differ in their educational levels, age and sex. Their numbers
and characteristics also keep changing. Distribution of Population The way in which people are
spread across the earth surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90
per cent of the world's population lives in about 30 per cent of the land surface. The distribution
of population in the world is extremely uneven. Some areas are very crowded and some are
sparely populated. The crowded areas are south and south east Asia, Europe and north eastern
North America. Very few people live in high latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and
areas of equatorial forests. Many more people live north of the Equator than south of the
Equator. Almost three-quarters of the world's people live in two continents Asia and Africa. Sixty
per cent of the world's people stay in just 10 countries. All of them have more than a 100 million
people. Density of Population Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of
the earth's surface. It is normally expressed as per square km. The average density of
population in the whole world is 51 persons per square km. South Central Asia has the highest
density of population followed by East and South East Asia. Factors Affecting Distribution of
Population Geographical Factors Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than
mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and
service activities. The Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas of the world while
mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated. Climate: People usually
avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia,
Canada and Antarctica. Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains such
as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt are
densely populated. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is easily
available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare
population. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Diamond mines of South
Africa and discovery of oil in the Middle east lead to settling of people in these areas. Social,
Cultural and Economic Factors Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities
are more densely populated e.g., Pune. Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance
attract people. Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city are some examples. Economic:

Question:
How can a country with a high dependency ratio, often seen in countries with a large youth population, impact its economic development?

Choices:
N. It leads to a larger workforce, boosting economic growth.
O. It puts a strain on resources and slows down economic growth.
G. It has no direct impact on economic development.
B. It encourages foreign investments due to a young workforce.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nPeople are a nation's greatest resource. Nature's bounty becomes significant only when people\nfind it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into 'resources'. Hence,\nhuman resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop\nresources as per their requirements. Human resources like other resources are not equally\ndistributed over the world. They differ in their educational levels, age and sex. Their numbers\nand characteristics also keep changing. Distribution of Population The way in which people are\nspread across the earth surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90\nper cent of the world's population lives in about 30 per cent of the land surface. The distribution\nof population in the world is extremely uneven. Some areas are very crowded and some are\nsparely populated. The crowded areas are south and south east Asia, Europe and north eastern\nNorth America. Very few people live in high latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and\nareas of equatorial forests. Many more people live north of the Equator than south of the\nEquator. Almost three-quarters of the world's people live in two continents Asia and Africa. Sixty\nper cent of the world's people stay in just 10 countries. All of them have more than a 100 million\npeople. Density of Population Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of\nthe earth's surface. It is normally expressed as per square km. The average density of\npopulation in the whole world is 51 persons per square km. South Central Asia has the highest\ndensity of population followed by East and South East Asia. Factors Affecting Distribution of\nPopulation Geographical Factors Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than\nmountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and\nservice activities. The Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas of the world while\nmountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated. Climate: People usually\navoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia,\nCanada and Antarctica. Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains such\nas Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt are\ndensely populated. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where fresh water is easily\navailable. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare\npopulation. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Diamond mines of South\nAfrica and discovery of oil in the Middle east lead to settling of people in these areas. Social,\nCultural and Economic Factors Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities\nare more densely populated e.g., Pune. Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance\nattract people. Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city are some examples. Economic: \n\nQuestion:\nHow can a country with a high dependency ratio, often seen in countries with a large youth population, impact its economic development?\n\nChoices:\nN. It leads to a larger workforce, boosting economic growth.\nO. It puts a strain on resources and slows down economic growth.\nG. It has no direct impact on economic development.\nB. It encourages foreign investments due to a young workforce."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Which cells are responsible for the movement of photosynthates through a plant?

Choices:
I. vessel elements, companion cells
C. tracheids, companion cells
O. tracheids, vessel elements
E. sieve-tube elements, companion cells

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which cells are responsible for the movement of photosynthates through a plant?\n\nChoices:\nI. vessel elements, companion cells\nC. tracheids, companion cells\nO. tracheids, vessel elements\nE. sieve-tube elements, companion cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1054, "id": 1054, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Silencing genes through epigenetic mechanisms is commonly practiced on what type of uncontrolled cells?

Choices:
M. cancer cells
I. innoculous cells
C. neutral cells
A. giving cells

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Silencing genes through epigenetic mechanisms is commonly practiced on what type of uncontrolled cells?\n\nChoices:\nM. cancer cells\nI. innoculous cells\nC. neutral cells\nA. giving cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Cancer and Epigenetic Alterations Silencing genes through epigenetic mechanisms is also very common in cancer cells. There are characteristic modifications to histone proteins and DNA that are associated with silenced genes. In cancer cells, the DNA in the promoter region of silenced genes is methylated on cytosine DNA residues in CpG islands. Histone proteins that surround that region lack the acetylation modification that is present when the genes are expressed in normal cells. This combinatio"}


Prompt:
What is the format in which the double live album "Live from Toronto" by The Who was released in the early 1980s?

Choices:
Q. Compact disc (CD)
M. VHS video tape
A. Digital download
F. Cassette tape
I. Vinyl record

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the format in which the double live album \"Live from Toronto\" by The Who was released in the early 1980s?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Compact disc (CD)\nM. VHS video tape\nA. Digital download\nF. Cassette tape\nI. Vinyl record"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
The motion of stars in galaxies imply that there is about 10 times as much what as in the luminous objects we can see?

Choices:
J. heat
C. density
Q. light
E. mass

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The motion of stars in galaxies imply that there is about 10 times as much what as in the luminous objects we can see?\n\nChoices:\nJ. heat\nC. density\nQ. light\nE. mass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Figure 6.18 The diagram shows angular momentum for a circular motion."}


Prompt:
What is the main focus of the film "In Which We Serve"?

Choices:
P. The film showcases the experiences and sacrifices of British citizens during the war.
T. The film follows the journey of a ship and its crew during the Second World War.
O. The film explores the technical aspects of shipbuilding during the Second World War.
I. The film highlights the creative collaboration between Noël Coward and David Lean.
A. The film portrays the efforts of the Ministry of Information during the war.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main focus of the film \"In Which We Serve\"?\n\nChoices:\nP. The film showcases the experiences and sacrifices of British citizens during the war.\nT. The film follows the journey of a ship and its crew during the Second World War.\nO. The film explores the technical aspects of shipbuilding during the Second World War.\nI. The film highlights the creative collaboration between Noël Coward and David Lean.\nA. The film portrays the efforts of the Ministry of Information during the war."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
If you examine eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you will find the lenses are thinnest in the center and of what shape?

Choices:
J. square
H. asymmetrical
S. concave
C. convex

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "If you examine eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you will find the lenses are thinnest in the center and of what shape?\n\nChoices:\nJ. square\nH. asymmetrical\nS. concave\nC. convex"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Discussion The negative power indicates a diverging (or concave) lens, as expected. The spectacle produces a case 3 image closer to the eye, where the person can see it. If you examine eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you will find the lenses are thinnest in the center. Additionally, if you examine a prescription for eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you will find that the prescribed power is negative and given in units of diopters."}


Prompt:
Seas are the largest source of fluid on

Choices:
C. dry planet
J. wet planet
P. ice planet
F. solar planet

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Seas are the largest source of fluid on\n\nChoices:\nC. dry planet\nJ. wet planet\nP. ice planet\nF. solar planet"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
A phospholipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids, in which hydrophobic fatty acids are in the middle of the what?

Choices:
G. cells membrane
F. skin
D. cell wall
S. plasma membrane

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A phospholipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids, in which hydrophobic fatty acids are in the middle of the what?\n\nChoices:\nG. cells membrane\nF. skin\nD. cell wall\nS. plasma membrane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "A phospholipid is made up of a polar, phosphorus-containing head, and two long fatty acid (hydrocarbon), non-polar \"tails. \" That is, the head of the molecule is hydrophilic (water-loving), and the tail is hydrophobic (water-fearing). Cytosol and extracellular fluid - the insides and outsides of the cell - are made up of mostly water. In this watery environment, the water loving heads point out towards the water, and the water fearing tails point inwards, and push the water out. The resulting do"}


Prompt:
What do gametes undergo to produce many additional copies of themselves?

Choices:
M. cytokinesis
P. prophase
F. angiogenesis
O. mitosis

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do gametes undergo to produce many additional copies of themselves?\n\nChoices:\nM. cytokinesis\nP. prophase\nF. angiogenesis\nO. mitosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Life Cycles of Algae: Zygotic Meiosis (A), Gametic Meiosis (B) and Sporic Meiosis (C). In life cycle A (left), diploid (2n) zygotes result from fertilization and then undergo meiosis to produce haploid (n) gametes. The gametes undergo mitosis and produce many additional copies of themselves. How are life cycles B and C different from life cycle A?."}


Prompt:
Squirrels store acorns

Choices:
N. to have nourishment thru the cold months
L. they build their homes from them
R. because they like the aesthetic
B. they use them to keep warm

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Squirrels store acorns\n\nChoices:\nN. to have nourishment thru the cold months\nL. they build their homes from them\nR. because they like the aesthetic\nB. they use them to keep warm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What protein is hair mostly made of?

Choices:
C. Dystrophin
M. Actin
P. coronin
B. keratin

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What protein is hair mostly made of?\n\nChoices:\nC. Dystrophin\nM. Actin\nP. coronin\nB. keratin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
How do state elites employ nation-building policies in the process of constructing a national identity, according to Harris Mylonas?

Choices:
K. State elites employ five nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, exclusion, integration, and suppression.
J. State elites employ two nation-building policies: assimilation and integration.
E. State elites employ four nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, integration, and suppression.
R. State elites employ three nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, and exclusion.
G. State elites employ one nation-building policy: assimilation.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "How do state elites employ nation-building policies in the process of constructing a national identity, according to Harris Mylonas?\n\nChoices:\nK. State elites employ five nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, exclusion, integration, and suppression.\nJ. State elites employ two nation-building policies: assimilation and integration.\nE. State elites employ four nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, integration, and suppression.\nR. State elites employ three nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, and exclusion.\nG. State elites employ one nation-building policy: assimilation."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
A guy wants to make dinner for his family, so he puts a pan on the stove, adds some meat, and turns on the stove so that heat is being added to the pan. As the meat is warmed through, beginning to sizzle, it is

Choices:
K. being frozen
S. being juiced
E. being smoked
F. being seared

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "A guy wants to make dinner for his family, so he puts a pan on the stove, adds some meat, and turns on the stove so that heat is being added to the pan. As the meat is warmed through, beginning to sizzle, it is\n\nChoices:\nK. being frozen\nS. being juiced\nE. being smoked\nF. being seared"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Mercury looks a lot like earth's moon. why do you think it does? both have been struck by a lot of what?

Choices:
Q. asteroids
D. particles
P. floods
E. waves

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Mercury looks a lot like earth's moon. why do you think it does? both have been struck by a lot of what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. asteroids\nD. particles\nP. floods\nE. waves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Mercury looks a lot like Earth's Moon. Why do you think it does? Both have been struck by a lot of asteroids. Both have no atmosphere, so there is no weathering and erosion. If they had an atmosphere, many of the craters would have been eroded away. Both have no plate tectonics to transform the landscape. This would also remove a lot of craters."}


Prompt:
What was Sheila Tobias' area of research focus?

Choices:
B. Sheila Tobias investigated the relationship between gender and academic performance across various disciplines.
G. Sheila Tobias studied the impact of socioeconomic factors on educational attainment.
J. Sheila Tobias analyzed the effects of technology on learning outcomes in higher education.
N. Sheila Tobias explored the role of cultural influences on student achievement in math and science.
F. Sheila Tobias examined the effects of diet and exercise on cognitive abilities in college students.

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was Sheila Tobias' area of research focus?\n\nChoices:\nB. Sheila Tobias investigated the relationship between gender and academic performance across various disciplines.\nG. Sheila Tobias studied the impact of socioeconomic factors on educational attainment.\nJ. Sheila Tobias analyzed the effects of technology on learning outcomes in higher education.\nN. Sheila Tobias explored the role of cultural influences on student achievement in math and science.\nF. Sheila Tobias examined the effects of diet and exercise on cognitive abilities in college students."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
At any given temperature, not all of the particles of a sample of matter have the same energy of what type?

Choices:
S. dark matter
M. magnetic
C. kinetic
H. seismic

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "At any given temperature, not all of the particles of a sample of matter have the same energy of what type?\n\nChoices:\nS. dark matter\nM. magnetic\nC. kinetic\nH. seismic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "At any given temperature, not all of the particles of a sample of matter have the same kinetic energy. Instead, the particles display a wide range of kinetic energies. Most of the particles have a kinetic energy near the middle of the range. However, a small number of particles have kinetic energies a great deal lower or a great deal higher than the average (see Figure below )."}


Prompt:
Sunlight transfers heat energy to

Choices:
I. the star from which scorpions get their name
R. the largest star in the galaxy
A. the hottest star in the galaxy
O. the planet named after the Roman god of sea

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sunlight transfers heat energy to\n\nChoices:\nI. the star from which scorpions get their name\nR. the largest star in the galaxy\nA. the hottest star in the galaxy\nO. the planet named after the Roman god of sea"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What are the pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi?

Choices:
O. lungs
T. stomachs
E. kidneys
P. ovaries

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi?\n\nChoices:\nO. lungs\nT. stomachs\nE. kidneys\nP. ovaries"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Gross Anatomy of the Lungs The lungs are pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi; on the inferior surface, the lungs are bordered by the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the flat, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs and thoracic cavity. The lungs are enclosed by the pleurae, which are attached to the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter and wider than the left lung, and the left lung occupies a smaller volume than the right. The "}


Prompt:
A boy is playing with his toy boat in his wading pool. His mother comes along and sprays more water into the pool.

Choices:
M. the boat drowns
O. the boat rises
I. the boat flies
E. the boat swims

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A boy is playing with his toy boat in his wading pool. His mother comes along and sprays more water into the pool.\n\nChoices:\nM. the boat drowns\nO. the boat rises\nI. the boat flies\nE. the boat swims"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Pollinators are attracted to

Choices:
S. weak scents
L. mild smells
P. strong aromas
M. strong personalities

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Pollinators are attracted to\n\nChoices:\nS. weak scents\nL. mild smells\nP. strong aromas\nM. strong personalities"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
A mass suspended by a wire is a simple type of what and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15 degrees?

Choices:
B. variation
R. gravity
L. weight
Q. pendulum

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "A mass suspended by a wire is a simple type of what and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15 degrees?\n\nChoices:\nB. variation\nR. gravity\nL. weight\nQ. pendulum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "16.4 The Simple Pendulum • A mass m suspended by a wire of length L is a simple pendulum and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15º. The period of a simple pendulum is."}


Prompt:
Amplitude describes what about the wave's crest and trough?

Choices:
S. The width of the parts
M. How frequently the parts occur
H. the maximum parts
T. The minimum parts

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Amplitude describes what about the wave's crest and trough?\n\nChoices:\nS. The width of the parts\nM. How frequently the parts occur\nH. the maximum parts\nT. The minimum parts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Waves are identified by several characteristics. There is a center line where the medium would be if there were no wave, which is sometimes describes as the undisturbed position. The displacement of the medium above this undisturbed position is called a crest and the displacement below the undisturbed position is called a trough . The maximums of the crest and trough are equal and are called the amplitude . The distance between equivalent positions on succeeding waves is called the wavelength . "}


Prompt:
When did Jane Campion release her television series "Top of the Lake"?

Choices:
E. Top of the Lake was released in 1980.
K. Top of the Lake was released in 1990.
C. Top of the Lake was released in 2017.
D. Top of the Lake was released in 2013.
P. Top of the Lake was released in 2005.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "When did Jane Campion release her television series \"Top of the Lake\"?\n\nChoices:\nE. Top of the Lake was released in 1980.\nK. Top of the Lake was released in 1990.\nC. Top of the Lake was released in 2017.\nD. Top of the Lake was released in 2013.\nP. Top of the Lake was released in 2005."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What basic units are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged?

Choices:
Q. Electrons
H. particles
R. molecules
O. atoms

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What basic units are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Electrons\nH. particles\nR. molecules\nO. atoms"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield."}


Prompt:
Volume can indicate

Choices:
O. how an object reacts to heat
F. whether an object is expansive
T. the state of matter of an object
G. how an object smells

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Volume can indicate\n\nChoices:\nO. how an object reacts to heat\nF. whether an object is expansive\nT. the state of matter of an object\nG. how an object smells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Which would be the worst to wear out in a thunderstorm

Choices:
O. a large pair of rubber shoes
N. a medallion made of ferrous metals
H. a medallion made of crystal
R. a medallion made of plastic products

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which would be the worst to wear out in a thunderstorm\n\nChoices:\nO. a large pair of rubber shoes\nN. a medallion made of ferrous metals\nH. a medallion made of crystal\nR. a medallion made of plastic products"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What source of power can be used up completely?

Choices:
C. sunlight
B. Water
D. wind
S. natural gas

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What source of power can be used up completely?\n\nChoices:\nC. sunlight\nB. Water\nD. wind\nS. natural gas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Eggs and sperm are not somatic cells but instead what kind of cells?

Choices:
E. germ
G. pollen
K. toxins
B. Sickness

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Eggs and sperm are not somatic cells but instead what kind of cells?\n\nChoices:\nE. germ\nG. pollen\nK. toxins\nB. Sickness"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "So far in this chapter, you have read numerous times of the importance and prevalence of cell division. While there are a few cells in the body that do not undergo cell division (such as gametes, red blood cells, most neurons, and some muscle cells), most somatic cells divide regularly. A somatic cell is a general term for a body cell, and all human cells, except for the cells that produce eggs and sperm (which are referred to as germ cells), are somatic cells. Somatic cells contain two copies o"}


Prompt:
the contents of which of these will attract a natural honey producer to it?

Choices:
D. a tree bark
G. a tree trunk
C. a colorful hibiscus
R. a green leaf

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "the contents of which of these will attract a natural honey producer to it?\n\nChoices:\nD. a tree bark\nG. a tree trunk\nC. a colorful hibiscus\nR. a green leaf"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
A moth

Choices:
N. builds a cocoon as part of its death ritual
Q. undergoes complete metamorphosis in one day
R. needs a chrysalis as part if its life cycle
T. is born with wings

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "A moth\n\nChoices:\nN. builds a cocoon as part of its death ritual\nQ. undergoes complete metamorphosis in one day\nR. needs a chrysalis as part if its life cycle\nT. is born with wings"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What does the digestive system break down into simple substances?

Choices:
A. metals
C. stones
G. nutriment
D. plastic food

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the digestive system break down into simple substances?\n\nChoices:\nA. metals\nC. stones\nG. nutriment\nD. plastic food"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for plants that lack vascular tissues, roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers?

Choices:
G. primates
H. conifers
P. chloroplasts
K. bryophytes

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for plants that lack vascular tissues, roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers?\n\nChoices:\nG. primates\nH. conifers\nP. chloroplasts\nK. bryophytes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Modern nonvascular plants are called bryophytes. There are about 17,000 bryophyte species. They include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. Mosses are the most numerous group of bryophytes. You can see an example of moss in Figure below . Like the moss in the figure, most bryophytes are small. They lack not only vascular tissues. They also lack true roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers. Bryophytes live in moist habitats. Without the adaptations of vascular plants, bryophytes are not very good at abs"}


Prompt:
According to the findings of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which personalities did identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have?

Choices:
A. very different
G. very similar
D. slightly different
N. slightly similar

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "According to the findings of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which personalities did identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have?\n\nChoices:\nA. very different\nG. very similar\nD. slightly different\nN. slightly similar"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1142, "id": 1142, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What protects tissues of the central nervous system from changes in ph?

Choices:
R. fatty ions
D. sucrose ions
T. bicarbonate ions
S. cerebrum

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What protects tissues of the central nervous system from changes in ph?\n\nChoices:\nR. fatty ions\nD. sucrose ions\nT. bicarbonate ions\nS. cerebrum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Bicarbonate ions play an important role in neutralizing acids throughout the body. Bicarbonate ions are especially important for protecting tissues of the central nervous system from changes in pH. The central nervous system includes the brain, which is the body's control center. If pH deviates too far from normal, the central nervous system cannot function properly. This can have a drastic effect on the rest of the body."}


Prompt:
If a lot of people have forgotten about a product, the amount of money made by the person selling it will be

Choices:
S. much higher
P. unchanged
O. rising slowly
J. lower than before

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a lot of people have forgotten about a product, the amount of money made by the person selling it will be\n\nChoices:\nS. much higher\nP. unchanged\nO. rising slowly\nJ. lower than before"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
When a hypothesis is repeatedly confirmed, what can it then become?

Choices:
Q. study
L. Thesis
G. theory
A. evolution

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "When a hypothesis is repeatedly confirmed, what can it then become?\n\nChoices:\nQ. study\nL. Thesis\nG. theory\nA. evolution"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "When a hypothesis is confirmed repeatedly, it eventually becomes a theory – a general principle that is offered to explain natural phenomena. Note a key word – explanation. The theory offers a description of why something happens. A law, on the other hand, is a statement that is always true, but does not explain why. The law of gravity says a rock will fall when dropped, but does not explain why (gravitational theory is very complex and incomplete at present). The kinetic-molecular theory of gas"}


Prompt:
Plants grow because they

Choices:
E. decide the time is right
S. take photos of other plants
Q. use what people breathe out to survive
C. can breathe a lot of air

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Plants grow because they\n\nChoices:\nE. decide the time is right\nS. take photos of other plants\nQ. use what people breathe out to survive\nC. can breathe a lot of air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What is the genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" by R.A.C.L.A.?

Choices:
H. The genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" is hip hop, which is a popular genre in Romania.
K. The genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" is jazz fusion, which is a popular genre in Romania.
F. The genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" is classical music, which is a popular genre in Romania.
I. The genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" is reggae, which is a popular genre in Romania.
S. The genre of the album "Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului" is country music, which is a popular genre in Romania.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" by R.A.C.L.A.?\n\nChoices:\nH. The genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" is hip hop, which is a popular genre in Romania.\nK. The genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" is jazz fusion, which is a popular genre in Romania.\nF. The genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" is classical music, which is a popular genre in Romania.\nI. The genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" is reggae, which is a popular genre in Romania.\nS. The genre of the album \"Rap-Sodia Efectului Defectului\" is country music, which is a popular genre in Romania."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What kind of light bulb has a tungsten filament?

Choices:
J. fluorescent
B. sodium
T. incandescent
C. translucent

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of light bulb has a tungsten filament?\n\nChoices:\nJ. fluorescent\nB. sodium\nT. incandescent\nC. translucent"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "An incandescent light bulb like the one pictured in the Figure below produces visible light by incandescence. Incandescence occurs when something gets so hot that it glows. An incandescent light bulb contains a thin wire filament made of tungsten. When electric current passes through the filament, it gets extremely hot and emits light."}


Prompt:
What is produced when hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are ignited?

Choices:
R. water
F. liquid
A. Fire
O. air

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is produced when hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are ignited?\n\nChoices:\nR. water\nF. liquid\nA. Fire\nO. air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are ignited to produce water."}


Prompt:
The specialized study of the motion of objects that are atomic/subatomic in size is called what?

Choices:
F. quantum mechanics
L. enthalpy
D. string theory
E. atomic mechanics

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The specialized study of the motion of objects that are atomic/subatomic in size is called what?\n\nChoices:\nF. quantum mechanics\nL. enthalpy\nD. string theory\nE. atomic mechanics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "The study of motion of large objects such as baseballs is called mechanics, or more specifically classical mechanics. Because the quantum nature of the electron and other tiny particles moving at high speeds, classical mechanics is inadequate to accurately describe their motion. Quantum mechanics is the study of the motion of objects that are atomic or subatomic in size and thus demonstrate wave-particle duality. In classical mechanics, the size and mass of the objects involved effectively obscu"}


Prompt:
which of these would lead to a rise in speed and acceleration?

Choices:
M. a person stopping an oncoming ball
H. a person sitting still
I. a person standing in place
N. a person running behind and kicking a balloon

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these would lead to a rise in speed and acceleration?\n\nChoices:\nM. a person stopping an oncoming ball\nH. a person sitting still\nI. a person standing in place\nN. a person running behind and kicking a balloon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
The respiratory system allows the body to

Choices:
F. oxygenate blood from the air
K. intake carbon dioxide into the blood from the air
C. combine oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
D. remove oxygen from the blood

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The respiratory system allows the body to\n\nChoices:\nF. oxygenate blood from the air\nK. intake carbon dioxide into the blood from the air\nC. combine oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood\nD. remove oxygen from the blood"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What do you call the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei?

Choices:
D. nuclear fission
A. critical fission
M. nuclear fusion
I. cell division

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei?\n\nChoices:\nD. nuclear fission\nA. critical fission\nM. nuclear fusion\nI. cell division"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei. This type of reaction releases a great deal of energy from a very small amount of matter. For example, nuclear fission of a tiny pellet of uranium-235, like the one pictured in Figure below , can release as much energy as burning 1,000 kilograms of coal!."}


Prompt:
do scars come naturally?

Choices:
Q. they just appear
M. they are earned
K. they are gifted
L. they are bought

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "do scars come naturally?\n\nChoices:\nQ. they just appear\nM. they are earned\nK. they are gifted\nL. they are bought"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
Branchiopoda are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on?

Choices:
O. nutrient and detritus
P. algae and plankton
M. fishery and detritus
C. plankton and detritus

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Branchiopoda are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on?\n\nChoices:\nO. nutrient and detritus\nP. algae and plankton\nM. fishery and detritus\nC. plankton and detritus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Branchiopoda Mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus. Brine shrimp."}


Prompt:
The exchange of heat stops once what property of equilibrium between the pan and the water is achieved?

Choices:
C. motion
E. density
I. thermal
F. viscosity

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The exchange of heat stops once what property of equilibrium between the pan and the water is achieved?\n\nChoices:\nC. motion\nE. density\nI. thermal\nF. viscosity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "of 150ºC . Assume that the pan is placed on an insulated pad and that a negligible amount of water boils off. What is the temperature when the water and pan reach thermal equilibrium a short time later? Strategy The pan is placed on an insulated pad so that little heat transfer occurs with the surroundings. Originally the pan and water are not in thermal equilibrium: the pan is at a higher temperature than the water. Heat transfer then restores thermal equilibrium once the water and pan are in c"}


Prompt:
What type of rocks form when magma cools and forms crystals?

Choices:
A. metarmorphic
J. seismic
M. sedimentary
F. igneous

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of rocks form when magma cools and forms crystals?\n\nChoices:\nA. metarmorphic\nJ. seismic\nM. sedimentary\nF. igneous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Igneous rocks form when magma cools and forms crystals. These rocks can form at Earth's surface or deep underground. Figure below shows a landscape in California's Sierra Nevada that consists entirely of granite."}


Prompt:
A dog can breathe

Choices:
N. under an ocean
P. in a sarcophagus
O. in a church
Q. out in space

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A dog can breathe\n\nChoices:\nN. under an ocean\nP. in a sarcophagus\nO. in a church\nQ. out in space"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
A diagram that represents feeding relationships is also called what?

Choices:
R. form chain
L. life chart
T. fuel chain
F. food chain

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "A diagram that represents feeding relationships is also called what?\n\nChoices:\nR. form chain\nL. life chart\nT. fuel chain\nF. food chain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Food chains and food webs are diagrams that represent feeding relationships. Essentially, they show who eats whom. In this way, they model how energy and matter move through ecosystems."}


Prompt:
Winter solstice occurs on a day when

Choices:
H. the sun is eclipsed
A. the moon is full
B. the darkness is greatest
D. the sun is brightest

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Winter solstice occurs on a day when\n\nChoices:\nH. the sun is eclipsed\nA. the moon is full\nB. the darkness is greatest\nD. the sun is brightest"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Which type of tree loses its leaves each fall and remains leafless in the winter?

Choices:
O. deciduous
I. perennial
Q. annual
D. conifer

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which type of tree loses its leaves each fall and remains leafless in the winter?\n\nChoices:\nO. deciduous\nI. perennial\nQ. annual\nD. conifer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Temperate Forests Temperate forests are the most common biome in eastern North America, Western Europe, Eastern Asia, Chile, and New Zealand (Figure 20.18). This biome is found throughout mid-latitude regions. Temperatures range between –30oC and 30oC (–22oF to 86oF) and drop to below freezing on an annual basis. These temperatures mean that temperate forests have defined growing seasons during the spring, summer, and early fall. Precipitation is relatively constant throughout the year and range"}


Prompt:
What do you call winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet?

Choices:
K. rotational winds
Q. gravitational winds
J. global winds
B. solar winds

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet?\n\nChoices:\nK. rotational winds\nQ. gravitational winds\nJ. global winds\nB. solar winds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Global winds are winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet. You can see them in Figure below . Like local winds, global winds are caused by unequal heating of the atmosphere."}


Prompt:
What is the relationship between the Wigner function and the density matrix operator?

Choices:
E. The Wigner function W(x, p) is a source function used for the density matrix operator ρ̂ and the product of these two functions creates the phase space wave function g(x, p).
O. The Wigner function W(x, p) represents the Hamiltonian H(x,p) of the density matrix operator ρ̂, while the Moyal bracket {{⋅, ⋅}} represents the Poisson bracket in the phase space.
P. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the derivative of the density matrix operator ρ̂ with respect to the phase space coordinate.
B. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the Wigner transform of the density matrix operator ρ̂, and the trace of an operator with the density matrix Wigner-transforms to the equivalent phase-space integral overlap of g(x,p) with the Wigner function.
S. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the time derivative of the density matrix operator ρ̂ with respect to the phase space coordinate.

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the relationship between the Wigner function and the density matrix operator?\n\nChoices:\nE. The Wigner function W(x, p) is a source function used for the density matrix operator ρ̂ and the product of these two functions creates the phase space wave function g(x, p).\nO. The Wigner function W(x, p) represents the Hamiltonian H(x,p) of the density matrix operator ρ̂, while the Moyal bracket {{⋅, ⋅}} represents the Poisson bracket in the phase space.\nP. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the derivative of the density matrix operator ρ̂ with respect to the phase space coordinate.\nB. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the Wigner transform of the density matrix operator ρ̂, and the trace of an operator with the density matrix Wigner-transforms to the equivalent phase-space integral overlap of g(x,p) with the Wigner function.\nS. The Wigner function W(x, p) is the time derivative of the density matrix operator ρ̂ with respect to the phase space coordinate."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Who would be healthier?

Choices:
O. a heavy sleeper
E. a workaholic
T. a night owl
Q. an party animal

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who would be healthier?\n\nChoices:\nO. a heavy sleeper\nE. a workaholic\nT. a night owl\nQ. an party animal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Why can the process of redistricting present problems for congressional representation?

Choices:
J. states can gain but never lose districts
T. states have been known to create more districts than they have been apportioned
O. districts must include urban and rural areas
L. districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why can the process of redistricting present problems for congressional representation?\n\nChoices:\nJ. states can gain but never lose districts\nT. states have been known to create more districts than they have been apportioned\nO. districts must include urban and rural areas\nL. districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3100, "id": 3100, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Polymers can disassemble by the reverse process called what?

Choices:
P. electrolysis
R. hydrolysis
B. mitosis
O. dehydration

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Polymers can disassemble by the reverse process called what?\n\nChoices:\nP. electrolysis\nR. hydrolysis\nB. mitosis\nO. dehydration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
The extrusive type of what rock cools rapidly from lava at the surface?

Choices:
E. crystalline
D. precipitous
Q. erythematous
A. igneous

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The extrusive type of what rock cools rapidly from lava at the surface?\n\nChoices:\nE. crystalline\nD. precipitous\nQ. erythematous\nA. igneous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Extrusive igneous rocks cool from lava rapidly at the surface. They have small crystals."}


Prompt:
What eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place?

Choices:
J. gall bladder
P. large intestine
F. small intestine
C. liver

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place?\n\nChoices:\nJ. gall bladder\nP. large intestine\nF. small intestine\nC. liver"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The large intestine eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place."}


Prompt:
By what processes do rivers create floodplains?

Choices:
M. erosion and deposition
Q. deposition and sedimentation
J. thrust and deposition
T. depletion and erosion

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "By what processes do rivers create floodplains?\n\nChoices:\nM. erosion and deposition\nQ. deposition and sedimentation\nJ. thrust and deposition\nT. depletion and erosion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Erosion and deposition by slow-flowing rivers creates broad floodplains and meanders."}


Prompt:
Sunlight is a source of

Choices:
M. frigid temperatures
F. warmth
R. moonlight
B. wind energy

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sunlight is a source of\n\nChoices:\nM. frigid temperatures\nF. warmth\nR. moonlight\nB. wind energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals?

Choices:
O. genetics
D. lifespans
B. elements
G. pathogens

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals?\n\nChoices:\nO. genetics\nD. lifespans\nB. elements\nG. pathogens"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
which of these is more similar to electric particles behavior?

Choices:
R. cars parked in a parking lot
J. cars in a garage
S. both of the above
B. cars traveling on a highway

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these is more similar to electric particles behavior?\n\nChoices:\nR. cars parked in a parking lot\nJ. cars in a garage\nS. both of the above\nB. cars traveling on a highway"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]