Prompt:
What type of helicopters are used by Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167)?

Choices:
L. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters.
G. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) mainly operates Bell ARH-1Z Apache attack helicopters and UH-1H Iroquois utility helicopters.
M. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) mainly operates Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters.
D. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters and UH-1D Huey utility helicopters.
E. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters.

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of helicopters are used by Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167)?\n\nChoices:\nL. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters.\nG. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) mainly operates Bell ARH-1Z Apache attack helicopters and UH-1H Iroquois utility helicopters.\nM. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) mainly operates Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters.\nD. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters and UH-1D Huey utility helicopters.\nE. Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 167 (HMLA-167) primarily operates Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Which scientist developed the theory of evolution and detailed it in the book origin of species?

Choices:
K. Isaac Newton
T. Carl Sagan
S. Gregor Mendel
D. charles darwin

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which scientist developed the theory of evolution and detailed it in the book origin of species?\n\nChoices:\nK. Isaac Newton\nT. Carl Sagan\nS. Gregor Mendel\nD. charles darwin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "In his book On the Origin of Species, Darwin included a lot of evidence to show that evolution had taken place. He also made logical arguments to support his theory that evolution occurs by natural selection. Since Darwin's time, much more evidence has been gathered. The evidence includes a huge number of fossils. It also includes more detailed knowledge of living things, right down to their DNA."}


Prompt:
What is Hendrik Allik known for, based on the provided Wikipedia excerpt?

Choices:
G. Hendrik Allik was a communist politician, known for his active involvement with the Estonian Communist Party.
D. Hendrik Allik was a prominent figure in Estonian literature, known for his contributions to poetry and fiction.
H. Hendrik Allik was a renowned Estonian scientist, known for his groundbreaking research in the field of physics.
M. Hendrik Allik was a celebrated Estonian musician, known for his exceptional talent in playing classical piano.
O. Hendrik Allik was a successful Estonian entrepreneur, known for building a multinational corporation.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Hendrik Allik known for, based on the provided Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nG. Hendrik Allik was a communist politician, known for his active involvement with the Estonian Communist Party.\nD. Hendrik Allik was a prominent figure in Estonian literature, known for his contributions to poetry and fiction.\nH. Hendrik Allik was a renowned Estonian scientist, known for his groundbreaking research in the field of physics.\nM. Hendrik Allik was a celebrated Estonian musician, known for his exceptional talent in playing classical piano.\nO. Hendrik Allik was a successful Estonian entrepreneur, known for building a multinational corporation."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the significance of the character Pharah in the video game Overwatch?

Choices:
F. Pharah is revealed to be a lesbian in a 2023 short story by Blizzard.
E. Pharah's mother and childhood friend also join the restored peace-keeping force Overwatch.
S. Pharah is an Egyptian woman who joins a military unit and helps defend her local community.
G. Pharah is a character who appears in the 2016 video game Overwatch and its sequel, Overwatch 2.
K. Pharah is a Blizzard Entertainment-developed first-person shooter character.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the character Pharah in the video game Overwatch?\n\nChoices:\nF. Pharah is revealed to be a lesbian in a 2023 short story by Blizzard.\nE. Pharah's mother and childhood friend also join the restored peace-keeping force Overwatch.\nS. Pharah is an Egyptian woman who joins a military unit and helps defend her local community.\nG. Pharah is a character who appears in the 2016 video game Overwatch and its sequel, Overwatch 2.\nK. Pharah is a Blizzard Entertainment-developed first-person shooter character."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Which shows a change from potential energy to kinetic energy?

Choices:
A. an orange dropping from a tree
M. a tree growing fruit
D. a person climbing a mountain
L. a rock sitting still

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which shows a change from potential energy to kinetic energy?\n\nChoices:\nA. an orange dropping from a tree\nM. a tree growing fruit\nD. a person climbing a mountain\nL. a rock sitting still"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
A few elements, called what, can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals?

Choices:
R. metalloids
J. gases
L. halogens
O. synthetics

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "A few elements, called what, can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals?\n\nChoices:\nR. metalloids\nJ. gases\nL. halogens\nO. synthetics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "A few elements, called metalloids, can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals. Examples include silicon and germanium in group 14. Both become better conductors at higher temperatures. These elements are called semiconductors."}


Prompt:
Where did Jonathan Leroy Ledbetter play college football?

Choices:
N. University of Georgia
J. University of Florida
L. University of Alabama
D. Georgia Tech
B. Clemson University

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where did Jonathan Leroy Ledbetter play college football?\n\nChoices:\nN. University of Georgia\nJ. University of Florida\nL. University of Alabama\nD. Georgia Tech\nB. Clemson University"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to another object, whereas heat is the flow of what energy between objects with different temperatures?

Choices:
S. thermal energy
C. nuclear energy
H. gravitational energy
B. potential energy

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to another object, whereas heat is the flow of what energy between objects with different temperatures?\n\nChoices:\nS. thermal energy\nC. nuclear energy\nH. gravitational energy\nB. potential energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Temperature The concept of temperature may seem familiar to you, but many people confuse temperature with heat. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to another object (its thermal energy content), whereas heat is the flow of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures. Three different scales are commonly used to measure temperature: Fahrenheit (expressed as °F), Celsius (°C), and Kelvin (K). Thermometers measure temperature by using materials that expa"}


Prompt:
What cause many human diseases by killing host cells or disturbing their homeostasis?

Choices:
I. viruses
E. cancer
C. parasites
A. bacteria

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What cause many human diseases by killing host cells or disturbing their homeostasis?\n\nChoices:\nI. viruses\nE. cancer\nC. parasites\nA. bacteria"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Viruses cause many human diseases by killing host cells or disturbing their homeostasis. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines."}


Prompt:
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called what?

Choices:
K. electromagnetic radiation
L. particulate radiation
T. magnetic radiation
G. mechanical radiation

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called what?\n\nChoices:\nK. electromagnetic radiation\nL. particulate radiation\nT. magnetic radiation\nG. mechanical radiation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Like other waves, electromagnetic waves transfer energy from one place to another. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation . Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through matter or across empty space. For an excellent video introduction to electromagnetic waves, go to this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=cfXzwh3KadE."}


Prompt:
Earthquakes, which may occur on california's abundant faults, can also trigger what?

Choices:
N. landslides
B. Waves
S. avalanches
C. floods

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Earthquakes, which may occur on california's abundant faults, can also trigger what?\n\nChoices:\nN. landslides\nB. Waves\nS. avalanches\nC. floods"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Some communities have developed landslide warning systems. Around San Francisco Bay, the National Weather Service and the U. S. Geological Survey use rain gauges to monitor soil moisture. If soil becomes saturated, the weather service issues a warning. Earthquakes, which may occur on California's abundant faults, can also trigger landslides."}


Prompt:
Where does Lukáš Pauschek play football as a right back?

Choices:
N. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for MFK Zemplín Michalovce.
R. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for Slovan Bratislava.
S. Lukáš Pauschek does not play football professionally.
C. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for FC Košice.
Q. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for ŠK Senec.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where does Lukáš Pauschek play football as a right back?\n\nChoices:\nN. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for MFK Zemplín Michalovce.\nR. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for Slovan Bratislava.\nS. Lukáš Pauschek does not play football professionally.\nC. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for FC Košice.\nQ. Lukáš Pauschek plays as right back for ŠK Senec."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What is the phenomenon in which light and sound waves become circular at the point source of a barrier?

Choices:
T. sonic wave
J. diffraction
Q. refraction
M. reflection

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the phenomenon in which light and sound waves become circular at the point source of a barrier?\n\nChoices:\nT. sonic wave\nJ. diffraction\nQ. refraction\nM. reflection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "When a series of straight waves strike an impenetrable barrier, the waves stop at the barrier. However, the last particle of the medium at the back corner of the barrier will create circular waves from that point, called the point source. This can be seen in the image below. This phenomenon is called diffraction , and it occurs in liquid, sound, and light waves. While the waves become circular waves at the point source, they continue as straight waves where the barrier does not interfere with th"}


Prompt:
If force is applied further away from a pivot point, than what kind of acceleration will be greater?

Choices:
N. rectangular
M. parameters
T. circular
K. angular

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "If force is applied further away from a pivot point, than what kind of acceleration will be greater?\n\nChoices:\nN. rectangular\nM. parameters\nT. circular\nK. angular"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia If you have ever spun a bike wheel or pushed a merry-go-round, you know that force is needed to change angular velocity as seen in Figure 10.10. In fact, your intuition is reliable in predicting many of the factors that are involved. For example, we know that a door opens slowly if we push too close to its hinges. Furthermore, we know that the more massive the door, the more slowly it opens. The first example implies that the farther the for"}


Prompt:
What causes most ocean waves?

Choices:
Q. rains
R. winds
J. tides
O. Gravity

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What causes most ocean waves?\n\nChoices:\nQ. rains\nR. winds\nJ. tides\nO. Gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Most ocean waves are caused by winds. A wave is the transfer of energy through matter. A wave that travels across miles of ocean is traveling energy, not water. Ocean waves transfer energy from wind through water. The energy of a wave may travel for thousands of miles. The water itself moves very little. Figure below shows how water molecules move when a wave goes by."}


Prompt:
Pressing your appendages against an object can allow one to

Choices:
J. sense differences in atomic structure
K. sense differences in atomic value
N. sense differences in material makeup
Q. sense differences in color

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Pressing your appendages against an object can allow one to\n\nChoices:\nJ. sense differences in atomic structure\nK. sense differences in atomic value\nN. sense differences in material makeup\nQ. sense differences in color"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the county seat of Mecklenburg County in North Carolina?

Choices:
I. Charlotte
H. Raleigh
J. Wilmington
E. Fayetteville
T. Greensboro

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the county seat of Mecklenburg County in North Carolina?\n\nChoices:\nI. Charlotte\nH. Raleigh\nJ. Wilmington\nE. Fayetteville\nT. Greensboro"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
The seven unique crystal types are defined by what parts of themselves (parts that intersect at various angles)?

Choices:
C. eyes
B. faces
G. shards
P. angles

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "The seven unique crystal types are defined by what parts of themselves (parts that intersect at various angles)?\n\nChoices:\nC. eyes\nB. faces\nG. shards\nP. angles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Crystals are classified into general categories based on their shapes. A crystal is defined by its faces, which intersect with one another at specific angles, which are characteristic of the given substance. The seven crystal systems are shown below, along with an example of each. The edge lengths of a crystal are represented by the letters , , and . The angles at which the faces intersect are represented by the Greek letters , , and . Each of the seven crystal systems differs in terms of the an"}


Prompt:
The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles. these protists are a component of freshwater and these?

Choices:
N. source plankton
E. land plankton
S. marine plankton
G. waste plankton

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles. these protists are a component of freshwater and these?\n\nChoices:\nN. source plankton\nE. land plankton\nS. marine plankton\nG. waste plankton"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles (Figure 23.18). These protists are a component of freshwater and marine plankton. Most species of diatoms reproduce asexually, although some instances of sexual reproduction and sporulation also exist. Some diatoms exhibit a slit in their silica shell, called a raphe. By expelling a stream of mucopolysaccharides from t"}


Prompt:
Individual particles of a substance in what state are in fixed positions with respect to each other because there is not enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular interactions between the particles?

Choices:
R. stable
N. undivided
K. solid
C. structured

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Individual particles of a substance in what state are in fixed positions with respect to each other because there is not enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular interactions between the particles?\n\nChoices:\nR. stable\nN. undivided\nK. solid\nC. structured"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Solids In the solid state, the individual particles of a substance are in fixed positions with respect to each other because there is not enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular interactions between the particles. As a result, solids have a definite shape and volume. Most solids are hard, but some (like waxes) are relatively soft. Many solids composed of ions can also be quite brittle. Solids usually have their constituent particles arranged in a regular, three-dimensional array of "}


Prompt:
What time of day does a solar panel work best?

Choices:
O. 8 am
L. 9:15 pm
D. 5:30 pm
Q. 1:45 pm

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What time of day does a solar panel work best?\n\nChoices:\nO. 8 am\nL. 9:15 pm\nD. 5:30 pm\nQ. 1:45 pm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What is the last step in scientific investigation?

Choices:
T. document of results
O. data management
G. migration of results
N. communication of results

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the last step in scientific investigation?\n\nChoices:\nT. document of results\nO. data management\nG. migration of results\nN. communication of results"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The last step in a scientific investigation is the communication of results with others."}


Prompt:
What number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom?

Choices:
T. combined number
J. mass total
F. nuclear number
B. mass number

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom?\n\nChoices:\nT. combined number\nJ. mass total\nF. nuclear number\nB. mass number"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "As you learned in Chapter 1 \"Introduction to Chemistry\", the mass number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. The mass number is an integer that is approximately equal to the numerical value of the atomic mass. Although the mass number is unitless, it is assigned units called atomic mass."}


Prompt:
The 'boy in the bubble' is a classic example of someone suffering what type of disease that can cause opportunistic infections?

Choices:
Q. muscular dystrophy
S. hydroencephaly
R. retardation
F. inherited immunodeficiency

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The 'boy in the bubble' is a classic example of someone suffering what type of disease that can cause opportunistic infections?\n\nChoices:\nQ. muscular dystrophy\nS. hydroencephaly\nR. retardation\nF. inherited immunodeficiency"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Inherited Immunodeficiencies A list of all inherited immunodeficiencies is well beyond the scope of this book. The list is almost as long as the list of cells, proteins, and signaling molecules of the immune system itself. Some deficiencies, such as those for complement, cause only a higher susceptibility to some Gram-negative bacteria. Others are more severe in their consequences. Certainly, the most serious of the inherited immunodeficiencies is severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)."}


Prompt:
Coal might start out as

Choices:
B. a mean fairy-godmother
C. a troll
N. pinecones
E. happiness

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Coal might start out as\n\nChoices:\nB. a mean fairy-godmother\nC. a troll\nN. pinecones\nE. happiness"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is a substance or object that absorbs and dissipates heat but does not experience a corresponding increase in temperature?

Choices:
Q. heat storer
F. heat diffuser
G. heat sink
M. heat dispeller

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is a substance or object that absorbs and dissipates heat but does not experience a corresponding increase in temperature?\n\nChoices:\nQ. heat storer\nF. heat diffuser\nG. heat sink\nM. heat dispeller"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Water as a Heat Sink A heat sink is a substance or object that absorbs and dissipates heat but does not experience a corresponding increase in temperature. In the body, water absorbs the heat generated by chemical reactions without greatly increasing in temperature. Moreover, when the environmental temperature soars, the water stored in the body helps keep the body cool. This cooling effect happens as warm blood from the body's core flows to the blood vessels just under the skin and is transferr"}


Prompt:
A magnet will stick to which of the following?

Choices:
N. indium
O. diamond
K. wood
R. hydrochloric acid

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "A magnet will stick to which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nN. indium\nO. diamond\nK. wood\nR. hydrochloric acid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the significance of the Victoria Cross awarded to Allan Leonard Lewis?

Choices:
F. The Victoria Cross is an award given to British musicians and artists for their outstanding achievements, like Allan Leonard Lewis.
R. The Victoria Cross is a recognition given to individuals who have made major advancements in the field of sports, similar to Allan Leonard Lewis' notable achievements in athletics.
H. The Victoria Cross is a badge of honor given to English individuals who have made significant contributions to their community, like Allan Leonard Lewis.
G. The Victoria Cross is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, which Allan Leonard Lewis received.
T. The Victoria Cross is a medal given to English recipients for their contributions to the arts and sciences, including Allan Leonard Lewis.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the Victoria Cross awarded to Allan Leonard Lewis?\n\nChoices:\nF. The Victoria Cross is an award given to British musicians and artists for their outstanding achievements, like Allan Leonard Lewis.\nR. The Victoria Cross is a recognition given to individuals who have made major advancements in the field of sports, similar to Allan Leonard Lewis' notable achievements in athletics.\nH. The Victoria Cross is a badge of honor given to English individuals who have made significant contributions to their community, like Allan Leonard Lewis.\nG. The Victoria Cross is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, which Allan Leonard Lewis received.\nT. The Victoria Cross is a medal given to English recipients for their contributions to the arts and sciences, including Allan Leonard Lewis."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Most states require 150 semester hours of college credit for which professional certification?

Choices:
I. Certified Management Accountant (CMA)
N. Certified Internal Auditor (CIA)
G. Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
F. Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Most states require 150 semester hours of college credit for which professional certification?\n\nChoices:\nI. Certified Management Accountant (CMA)\nN. Certified Internal Auditor (CIA)\nG. Certified Financial Planner (CFP)\nF. Certified Public Accountant (CPA)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 19, "id": 19, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What theory explains most of the features of earth's surface?

Choices:
E. Big Bang theory
R. string theory
Q. plate tectonics
K. flat earth theory

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What theory explains most of the features of earth's surface?\n\nChoices:\nE. Big Bang theory\nR. string theory\nQ. plate tectonics\nK. flat earth theory"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The theory of plate tectonics explains most of the features of Earth's surface. Plate tectonics helps us to understand where and why mountains form. Using the theory, we know where new ocean floor will be created and where it will be destroyed. We know why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions happen where they do. We even can search for mineral resources using information about past plate motions. Plate tectonics is the key that unlocks many of the mysteries of our amazing planet."}


Prompt:
Anaerobic prokaryotes can live without what compound in their environment (it's a compound that people do need to live)?

Choices:
L. Hydrogen
B. nitrogen
M. oxygen
N. carbon

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Anaerobic prokaryotes can live without what compound in their environment (it's a compound that people do need to live)?\n\nChoices:\nL. Hydrogen\nB. nitrogen\nM. oxygen\nN. carbon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Aerobic prokaryotes live in habitats with oxygen. Anaerobic prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen. Prokaryotes may also be adapted to habitats that are hot, moderate, or cold in temperature."}


Prompt:
Changing levels of what substances partly explain emotional ups and downs in teens?

Choices:
A. acids
O. nutrients
E. hormones
R. enzymes

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Changing levels of what substances partly explain emotional ups and downs in teens?\n\nChoices:\nA. acids\nO. nutrients\nE. hormones\nR. enzymes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Many teens have emotional ups and downs. This is at least partly due to their changing hormone levels."}


Prompt:
Wavelengths are described by a unit of what?

Choices:
C. speed
J. direction
Q. weight
S. distance

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Wavelengths are described by a unit of what?\n\nChoices:\nC. speed\nJ. direction\nQ. weight\nS. distance"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Wavelengths are described by a unit of distance, typically meters."}


Prompt:
What level is a feeding position in a food chain or web?

Choices:
F. neural
D. trophic
M. singular
C. differentiation

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What level is a feeding position in a food chain or web?\n\nChoices:\nF. neural\nD. trophic\nM. singular\nC. differentiation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Each food chain or food web has organisms at different trophic levels. A trophic level is a feeding position in a food chain or web. The trophic levels are identified in the food web in Figure above . All food chains and webs have at least two or three trophic levels, but they rarely have more than four trophic levels. The trophic levels are:."}


Prompt:
When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, the vapor in the container is then said to be in what with the liquid?

Choices:
Q. balance
C. stability
E. synchronization
L. equilibrium

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, the vapor in the container is then said to be in what with the liquid?\n\nChoices:\nQ. balance\nC. stability\nE. synchronization\nL. equilibrium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Vaporization and Condensation When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid "}


Prompt:
What type of human diet would be most comparable to a cow

Choices:
J. Vegan
B. Pescaterian
H. Omnivore
F. Atkins Diet

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of human diet would be most comparable to a cow\n\nChoices:\nJ. Vegan\nB. Pescaterian\nH. Omnivore\nF. Atkins Diet"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Rocks sometimes contain what?

Choices:
A. element Al
P. fire
F. books
T. wind

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Rocks sometimes contain what?\n\nChoices:\nA. element Al\nP. fire\nF. books\nT. wind"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
It would be harder to grow a palm tree in

Choices:
F. Arizona
O. South Carolina
A. Texas
L. Idaho

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "It would be harder to grow a palm tree in\n\nChoices:\nF. Arizona\nO. South Carolina\nA. Texas\nL. Idaho"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?

Choices:
B. Overcoming despair to achieve integrity
C. Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy
I. Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy
L. Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?\n\nChoices:\nB. Overcoming despair to achieve integrity\nC. Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy\nI. Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy\nL. Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 39, "id": 39, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The fish reproduction technique supplies

Choices:
I. fish sticks
C. chunk tuna
E. roe
S. coral reefs

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The fish reproduction technique supplies\n\nChoices:\nI. fish sticks\nC. chunk tuna\nE. roe\nS. coral reefs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
The regulation of gene expression is extremely important during the development of what?

Choices:
C. tissues
E. protein
G. organism
I. cells

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The regulation of gene expression is extremely important during the development of what?\n\nChoices:\nC. tissues\nE. protein\nG. organism\nI. cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "3. Name and describe the division of gymnosperms."}


Prompt:
What is the main adaptation of Rhizophora species to their intertidal habitat?

Choices:
N. Rhizophora species have deep root systems that anchor them firmly in the soil.
M. Rhizophora species have unique reproductive structures that aid in seed dispersal.
L. Rhizophora species have thick waxy coatings on their leaves to prevent salt uptake.
H. Rhizophora species have pneutomatophores that elevate the plants above the water.
A. Rhizophora species have specialized leaves that minimize water loss through transpiration.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main adaptation of Rhizophora species to their intertidal habitat?\n\nChoices:\nN. Rhizophora species have deep root systems that anchor them firmly in the soil.\nM. Rhizophora species have unique reproductive structures that aid in seed dispersal.\nL. Rhizophora species have thick waxy coatings on their leaves to prevent salt uptake.\nH. Rhizophora species have pneutomatophores that elevate the plants above the water.\nA. Rhizophora species have specialized leaves that minimize water loss through transpiration."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
The male gametangium that produces sperm is also called what?

Choices:
J. xerophyte
N. antheridium
O. trichina
F. echinacea

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "The male gametangium that produces sperm is also called what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. xerophyte\nN. antheridium\nO. trichina\nF. echinacea"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Gametangia in the Seedless Plants Gametangia (singular, gametangium) are structures on the gametophytes of seedless plants in which gametes are produced by mitosis. The male gametangium, the antheridium, releases sperm. Many seedless plants produce sperm equipped with flagella that enable them to swim in a moist environment to the archegonia, the female gametangium. The embryo develops inside the archegonium as the sporophyte. Apical Meristems The shoots and roots of plants increase in length th"}


Prompt:
Our global ecological footprint depends on resource use per person and what population factor?

Choices:
L. population fluctuation
D. population decrease
F. population sample
T. population density

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Our global ecological footprint depends on resource use per person and what population factor?\n\nChoices:\nL. population fluctuation\nD. population decrease\nF. population sample\nT. population density"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What was the purpose of the Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho?

Choices:
O. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as an armored vehicle used for troop transportation and logistics support during World War II.
K. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a reconnaissance vehicle used for gathering intelligence and scouting during World War II.
Q. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a main battle tank used in ground combat during World War II.
T. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a prototype light tank for testing and evaluation purposes at the end of World War II.
P. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a self-propelled artillery used for long-range bombardment during World War II.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the purpose of the Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho?\n\nChoices:\nO. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as an armored vehicle used for troop transportation and logistics support during World War II.\nK. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a reconnaissance vehicle used for gathering intelligence and scouting during World War II.\nQ. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a main battle tank used in ground combat during World War II.\nT. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a prototype light tank for testing and evaluation purposes at the end of World War II.\nP. The Type 5 light tank Ke-Ho was developed as a self-propelled artillery used for long-range bombardment during World War II."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What are the three forms of water as found in nature?

Choices:
F. solid, liquid, gas
D. balanced , liquid , gas
T. solid , mixture , gas
C. ice, vapor, sleet

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the three forms of water as found in nature?\n\nChoices:\nF. solid, liquid, gas\nD. balanced , liquid , gas\nT. solid , mixture , gas\nC. ice, vapor, sleet"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Which supporter of federalism warned people about the dangers of political parties?

Choices:
D. George Washington
F. John Adams
M. James Madison
T. Alexander Hamilton

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which supporter of federalism warned people about the dangers of political parties?\n\nChoices:\nD. George Washington\nF. John Adams\nM. James Madison\nT. Alexander Hamilton"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 262, "id": 262, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The energy stored in the organic molecules of food ultimately comes from where?

Choices:
L. sun
J. earth
S. plant
F. ocean

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The energy stored in the organic molecules of food ultimately comes from where?\n\nChoices:\nL. sun\nJ. earth\nS. plant\nF. ocean"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
A deer eats plants, which are producers, and they also

Choices:
B. eat cats
N. create sugars
S. burn bridges
J. eat marshmallows

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "A deer eats plants, which are producers, and they also\n\nChoices:\nB. eat cats\nN. create sugars\nS. burn bridges\nJ. eat marshmallows"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
If a mosquito dies and is sucked into mud

Choices:
T. it will be eaten
B. it will be disintegrated
H. it will be decayed
E. years later it can still be seen

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a mosquito dies and is sucked into mud\n\nChoices:\nT. it will be eaten\nB. it will be disintegrated\nH. it will be decayed\nE. years later it can still be seen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
The seven bones of the ankle are called the what?

Choices:
H. termals
J. tarsals
E. femurs
B. ankular

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "The seven bones of the ankle are called the what?\n\nChoices:\nH. termals\nJ. tarsals\nE. femurs\nB. ankular"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The tarsals are the seven bones of the ankle. The ankle transmits the weight of the body from the tibia and the fibula to the foot. The metatarsals are the five bones of the foot. The phalanges are the 14 bones of the toes. Each toe consists of three phalanges, except for the big toe that has only two (Figure 38.15). Variations exist in other species; for example, the horse's metacarpals and metatarsals are oriented vertically and do not make contact with the substrate."}


Prompt:
In the springtime, animals engage in ritual behavior such as

Choices:
A. creating bedding for young
B. picking flowers for mates
K. migrating to cold environments
T. hunting for new prey

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "In the springtime, animals engage in ritual behavior such as\n\nChoices:\nA. creating bedding for young\nB. picking flowers for mates\nK. migrating to cold environments\nT. hunting for new prey"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
The light reactions are the steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to what other type of energy?

Choices:
S. carbon energy
A. kinetic energy
Q. chemical energy
B. radiation energy

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "The light reactions are the steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to what other type of energy?\n\nChoices:\nS. carbon energy\nA. kinetic energy\nQ. chemical energy\nB. radiation energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Corn is eaten by

Choices:
F. homo sapiens and deer
L. people and jungle monkeys
N. deer and Bengal tigers
M. homo sapiens and frogs

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Corn is eaten by\n\nChoices:\nF. homo sapiens and deer\nL. people and jungle monkeys\nN. deer and Bengal tigers\nM. homo sapiens and frogs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What causes fertilization to occur?

Choices:
F. sperm and an egg fuse
N. genetic and an egg fuse
E. tissue and an egg fuse
I. accumulation and an egg fuse

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What causes fertilization to occur?\n\nChoices:\nF. sperm and an egg fuse\nN. genetic and an egg fuse\nE. tissue and an egg fuse\nI. accumulation and an egg fuse"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Many animals have a relatively simple life cycle. A general animal life cycle is shown in Figure below . Most animals spend the majority of their life as diploid organisms. Just about all animals reproduce sexually. Diploid adults undergo meiosis to produce sperm or eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse. The zygote that forms develops into an embryo. The embryo eventually develops into an adult."}


Prompt:
What is the name given to the daily wake/sleep cycle?

Choices:
B. circadian rhythms
E. behavioral rhythms
N. nocturnal rhythms
P. variable rhythms

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name given to the daily wake/sleep cycle?\n\nChoices:\nB. circadian rhythms\nE. behavioral rhythms\nN. nocturnal rhythms\nP. variable rhythms"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Daily cycles of behavior, including sleeping a waking, are called circadian rhythms."}


Prompt:
The element that heats toast is an example of:

Choices:
G. a semi-conductor?
K. a thermal insulator
S. a thermal conductor
L. a poor conductor

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The element that heats toast is an example of:\n\nChoices:\nG. a semi-conductor?\nK. a thermal insulator\nS. a thermal conductor\nL. a poor conductor"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Vesicles can be classified by their contents and what else?

Choices:
A. example
C. smell
J. function
E. color

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Vesicles can be classified by their contents and what else?\n\nChoices:\nA. example\nC. smell\nJ. function\nE. color"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Vesicles can be classified by their contents and function."}


Prompt:
What is another term for seed plants?

Choices:
C. stems
F. petals
K. spermatophytes
G. sporozoans

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is another term for seed plants?\n\nChoices:\nC. stems\nF. petals\nK. spermatophytes\nG. sporozoans"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Most vascular plants are seed plants, or spermatophytes. They reproduce with seeds and pollen."}


Prompt:
When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?

Choices:
N. emotional
S. practical
C. creative
E. analytical

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?\n\nChoices:\nN. emotional\nS. practical\nC. creative\nE. analytical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 902, "id": 902, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What do plants use to make food for themselves and most other organisms?

Choices:
F. heat
O. electricity
L. light
N. gravity

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do plants use to make food for themselves and most other organisms?\n\nChoices:\nF. heat\nO. electricity\nL. light\nN. gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Visible light includes all the wavelengths of light that the human eye can detect. Humans and virtually all other organisms depend on visible light to survive. Humans and many other animals use it to see. Plants use it to make food for themselves and most other organisms."}


Prompt:
How many main types of diabetes are there?

Choices:
E. six
R. two
K. one
A. three

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many main types of diabetes are there?\n\nChoices:\nE. six\nR. two\nK. one\nA. three"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "There are two main types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes makes up about 5-10% of all cases of diabetes in the United States. Type 2 diabetes accounts for most of the other cases. Both types of diabetes are more likely in people that have certain genes. Having a family member with diabetes increases the risk of developing the disease."}


Prompt:
Each of the moon's phases usually occurs once per

Choices:
T. 30 days
I. week
B. year
H. day

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each of the moon's phases usually occurs once per\n\nChoices:\nT. 30 days\nI. week\nB. year\nH. day"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
The digestive organs within the abdominal cavity are held in place by the peritoneum, a broad serous membranous sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by this?

Choices:
K. mucus
O. bone
C. skin
H. connective tissue

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "The digestive organs within the abdominal cavity are held in place by the peritoneum, a broad serous membranous sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by this?\n\nChoices:\nK. mucus\nO. bone\nC. skin\nH. connective tissue"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "The Peritoneum The digestive organs within the abdominal cavity are held in place by the peritoneum, a broad serous membranous sac made up of squamous epithelial tissue surrounded by connective tissue. It is composed of two different regions: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which envelopes the abdominal organs (Figure 23.4). The peritoneal cavity is the space bounded by the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces. A few milliliters of water"}


Prompt:
What are waxes made up of?

Choices:
A. long-chain natural acids
I. long - chain pyroclastic acids
J. long - project fatty acids
K. long-chain fatty acids

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are waxes made up of?\n\nChoices:\nA. long-chain natural acids\nI. long - chain pyroclastic acids\nJ. long - project fatty acids\nK. long-chain fatty acids"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Another category of lipid molecule is waxes. Waxes are esters of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols. Waxes are soft solids with generally low melting points and are insoluble in water. The Figure below shows the structure of cetyl palmitate, a natural wax present in sperm whales."}


Prompt:
The length of the route between two points is known as what?

Choices:
R. direction
K. distance
D. shape
C. velocity

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "The length of the route between two points is known as what?\n\nChoices:\nR. direction\nK. distance\nD. shape\nC. velocity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Distance is the length of the route between two points."}


Prompt:
What prestigious award did the film A Twelve-Year Night win at the 40th Cairo International Film Festival?

Choices:
P. Best Director
A. Best Cinematography
E. Best Foreign Language Film
G. Best Actor
K. Best Screenplay

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What prestigious award did the film A Twelve-Year Night win at the 40th Cairo International Film Festival?\n\nChoices:\nP. Best Director\nA. Best Cinematography\nE. Best Foreign Language Film\nG. Best Actor\nK. Best Screenplay"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Burning forests, growing rice and raising livestock all cause a release of what into the atmosphere?

Choices:
J. carbonate gases
S. oxide gases
F. glucose gases
A. greenhouse gases

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Burning forests, growing rice and raising livestock all cause a release of what into the atmosphere?\n\nChoices:\nJ. carbonate gases\nS. oxide gases\nF. glucose gases\nA. greenhouse gases"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Burning forests also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Other human activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. For example, growing rice and raising livestock both produce methane."}


Prompt:
Continental drift and mantle convection are supported by data originating where?

Choices:
L. the sun
S. the moon
G. seafloor
H. ocean's surface

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Continental drift and mantle convection are supported by data originating where?\n\nChoices:\nL. the sun\nS. the moon\nG. seafloor\nH. ocean's surface"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Seafloor spreading is a mixture different ideas and data. Continental drift and mantle convection are supported by bathymetric and magnetic data from the seafloor."}


Prompt:
Hypothermia will set in under which conditions:

Choices:
L. while exposed to harsh winds in a polar region
H. while swimming in tropical seas.
J. while exposed to direct sunlight on a tropical island
T. while stranded deep in a swap

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Hypothermia will set in under which conditions:\n\nChoices:\nL. while exposed to harsh winds in a polar region\nH. while swimming in tropical seas.\nJ. while exposed to direct sunlight on a tropical island\nT. while stranded deep in a swap"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Are the majority of archaea chemotrophs or photosynthetic?

Choices:
K. neither
I. autotrophs
C. chemotrophs
T. photosynthetics

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Are the majority of archaea chemotrophs or photosynthetic?\n\nChoices:\nK. neither\nI. autotrophs\nC. chemotrophs\nT. photosynthetics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Most archaea are chemotrophs and derive their energy and nutrients from breaking down molecules in their environment. A few species of archaea are photosynthetic and capture the energy of sunlight. Unlike bacteria, which can be parasites and are known to cause a variety of diseases, there are no known archaea that act as parasites. Some archaea do live within other organisms. But these archea form mutualistic relationships with their host, where both the archaea and the host benefit. In other wo"}


Prompt:
Scrubbing a toilet is

Choices:
Q. innate
L. genetic
T. learned
S. predestined

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Scrubbing a toilet is\n\nChoices:\nQ. innate\nL. genetic\nT. learned\nS. predestined"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What kind of growth curve do species with limited resources usually exhibit?

Choices:
K. exponential
T. logical
S. logistic
A. experimental

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of growth curve do species with limited resources usually exhibit?\n\nChoices:\nK. exponential\nT. logical\nS. logistic\nA. experimental"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 685, "id": 685, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
When substances pass through the cell membrane without needing any energy what is it called?

Choices:
J. energetic transport
T. passive transport
B. active transport
E. kinetic transport

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "When substances pass through the cell membrane without needing any energy what is it called?\n\nChoices:\nJ. energetic transport\nT. passive transport\nB. active transport\nE. kinetic transport"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Passive transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane without needing any energy to pass through. This happens when a substance moves from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. Concentration is the number of particles of a substance in a given volume. Let's say you dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a cup of water. Then you dissolve two teaspoons of salt in another cup of water. The second solution will have a higher concentration of sal"}


Prompt:
The bicoid maternal effect gene is transcribed in which cells of the mother?

Choices:
L. cell walls
D. nurse cells
O. veteran cells
A. boy cells

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The bicoid maternal effect gene is transcribed in which cells of the mother?\n\nChoices:\nL. cell walls\nD. nurse cells\nO. veteran cells\nA. boy cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "The bicoid maternal effect gene is transcribed in the nurse cells of the mother and then the mRNA is transferred to the oocyte. Mutant embryos from homozygous mutant bicoid mothers fail to produce head and thorax structures."}


Prompt:
At which location is the earth hottest?

Choices:
D. meridian
S. equator
P. desert
F. seabed

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "At which location is the earth hottest?\n\nChoices:\nD. meridian\nS. equator\nP. desert\nF. seabed"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Earth is hottest at the Equator and gets cooler toward the poles. The differences in heating create huge convection currents in the troposphere. At the Equator, for example, warm air rises up to the tropopause. When it can't rise any higher, it flows north or south."}


Prompt:
which of these would disturb a standing body of water?

Choices:
G. A and B above
C. a boat setting sail
B. a rock tossed in
S. an insect flying hundred feet above

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these would disturb a standing body of water?\n\nChoices:\nG. A and B above\nC. a boat setting sail\nB. a rock tossed in\nS. an insect flying hundred feet above"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
A person who wants to visit a desert will be sure to pack more

Choices:
B. winter boots
C. thermal underwear
K. snowsuits
T. tan shorts

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person who wants to visit a desert will be sure to pack more\n\nChoices:\nB. winter boots\nC. thermal underwear\nK. snowsuits\nT. tan shorts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What term means a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system, which may be acquired or inherited?

Choices:
K. pathogenic
B. anemia
H. vitamin deficiency
I. immunodeficiency

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term means a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system, which may be acquired or inherited?\n\nChoices:\nK. pathogenic\nB. anemia\nH. vitamin deficiency\nI. immunodeficiency"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency is a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system, which may be acquired or inherited. Immunodeficiency can allow pathogens or tumor cells to gain a foothold and replicate or proliferate to high enough levels so that the immune system becomes overwhelmed. Immunodeficiency can be acquired as a result of infection with certain pathogens that attack the cells of the immune system itself (such as HIV), chemical exposure (including certain me"}


Prompt:
What are examples of parasitic athropods?

Choices:
S. bees and wasps
D. crabs and clams
M. ticks and many mites
K. spiders and fleas

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are examples of parasitic athropods?\n\nChoices:\nS. bees and wasps\nD. crabs and clams\nM. ticks and many mites\nK. spiders and fleas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
A pulley changes the direction of the force t exerted by the cord without changing its what?

Choices:
D. magnitude
K. latitude
H. longitude
C. position

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "A pulley changes the direction of the force t exerted by the cord without changing its what?\n\nChoices:\nD. magnitude\nK. latitude\nH. longitude\nC. position"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "automobile axle drives a wheel, which has a much larger diameter than the axle. The MA is less than 1. (c) An ordinary pulley is used to lift a heavy load. The pulley changes the direction of the force T exerted by the cord without changing its magnitude. Hence, this machine has an MA of 1."}


Prompt:
resources other than manmade can only be found on

Choices:
T. our planet
A. a laboratory
R. your home
S. the moon

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "resources other than manmade can only be found on\n\nChoices:\nT. our planet\nA. a laboratory\nR. your home\nS. the moon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the use of technology to treat genetic disorders or change organisms so they are more useful to people?

Choices:
A. biotechnology
R. nanotechnology
E. biology
C. physiology

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the use of technology to treat genetic disorders or change organisms so they are more useful to people?\n\nChoices:\nA. biotechnology\nR. nanotechnology\nE. biology\nC. physiology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Biotechnology is the use of technology to treat genetic disorders or change organisms so they are more useful to people. Methods include gene cloning. Applications include gene therapy and genetically modified food crops."}


Prompt:
Anemia is a disease that affects what?

Choices:
K. kidney
T. blood
C. brain
I. heart

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Anemia is a disease that affects what?\n\nChoices:\nK. kidney\nT. blood\nC. brain\nI. heart"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Red meat, legumes, and spinach are all good sources of iron. Getting enough iron in your diet is important to prevent anemia. Anemia is a blood disease that causes you to feel weak and tired. Although anemia is caused by a nutrient deficiency, other blood diseases are genetic diseases, or forms of cancer."}


Prompt:
Total internal reflections the princicple behind what type of optics?

Choices:
I. fiber optics
H. pipes optics
T. Blindness
E. refined optics

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Total internal reflections the princicple behind what type of optics?\n\nChoices:\nI. fiber optics\nH. pipes optics\nT. Blindness\nE. refined optics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Total internal reflection is the principle behind fiber optics . A bundle of fibers made out of glass or plastic only a few micrometers in diameter is called a light pipe since light can be transmitted along it with almost no loss. Light passing down the fibers makes glancing collisions with the walls so that total internal reflection occurs."}


Prompt:
What are the substances that the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes?

Choices:
N. tissues
S. liquids
O. gases
R. nutrients

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the substances that the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes?\n\nChoices:\nN. tissues\nS. liquids\nO. gases\nR. nutrients"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Nutrients are substances that the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes."}


Prompt:
White blood cells

Choices:
I. join with pathogens
E. obliterate pathogens
N. increase pathogen production
M. encourage pathogen growth

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "White blood cells\n\nChoices:\nI. join with pathogens\nE. obliterate pathogens\nN. increase pathogen production\nM. encourage pathogen growth"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Systemic mycoses spread to internal organs, most commonly entering the body through this?

Choices:
K. respiratory system
L. digestive system
S. skeletal system
I. infestation system

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Systemic mycoses spread to internal organs, most commonly entering the body through this?\n\nChoices:\nK. respiratory system\nL. digestive system\nS. skeletal system\nI. infestation system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Systemic mycoses spread to internal organs, most commonly entering the body through the respiratory system. For example, coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) is commonly found in the southwestern United States, where the fungus resides in the dust. Once inhaled, the spores develop in the lungs and cause symptoms similar to those of tuberculosis. Histoplasmosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It also causes pulmonary infections, and in rarer cases, swelling of the membranes"}


Prompt:
What is the primary objective in the game Santorini?

Choices:
B. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to construct buildings up to three levels high and balance them on a grid.
R. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to create a bounded probability distribution that indicates quantum-mechanical interference within the game.
F. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to strategically place building pieces on a grid to create a town resembling the architecture of cliffside villages on Santorini Island.
A. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to reach the highest level of the town by moving one of the characters to the third level.
M. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to manipulate the Liouville density in order to achieve maximum probability distribution for a quantum particle.

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the primary objective in the game Santorini?\n\nChoices:\nB. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to construct buildings up to three levels high and balance them on a grid.\nR. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to create a bounded probability distribution that indicates quantum-mechanical interference within the game.\nF. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to strategically place building pieces on a grid to create a town resembling the architecture of cliffside villages on Santorini Island.\nA. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to reach the highest level of the town by moving one of the characters to the third level.\nM. The primary objective in the game Santorini is to manipulate the Liouville density in order to achieve maximum probability distribution for a quantum particle."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What a process in which a third party selected by the disputants helps the parties to voluntarily resolve their disagreement is known as?

Choices:
T. Arbitration.
E. Mediation.
Q. Settlement.
B. Discovery.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What a process in which a third party selected by the disputants helps the parties to voluntarily resolve their disagreement is known as?\n\nChoices:\nT. Arbitration.\nE. Mediation.\nQ. Settlement.\nB. Discovery."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 214, "id": 214, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with what system involved in our fight-or-flight responses?

Choices:
F. sympathetic nervous system
A. autonomic nervous system
H. circulatory system
T. endocrine system

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with what system involved in our fight-or-flight responses?\n\nChoices:\nF. sympathetic nervous system\nA. autonomic nervous system\nH. circulatory system\nT. endocrine system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Thermoregulation The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses. The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses. Recall that sweat glands, accessory structures to the skin, secrete water, salt, and other substances to cool the body when it becomes warm. Even when the body do"}


Prompt:
What notable achievement did Ervedya accomplish in her racing career?

Choices:
G. She won the Prix de Cabourg as a juvenile.
P. She won the Prix du Moulin as a three-year-old.
H. She won the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and the Coronation Stakes as a three-year-old.
E. She failed to win but ran prominently in several major races in 2016.
F. She finished third in the Prix Morny as a juvenile.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What notable achievement did Ervedya accomplish in her racing career?\n\nChoices:\nG. She won the Prix de Cabourg as a juvenile.\nP. She won the Prix du Moulin as a three-year-old.\nH. She won the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and the Coronation Stakes as a three-year-old.\nE. She failed to win but ran prominently in several major races in 2016.\nF. She finished third in the Prix Morny as a juvenile."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on this?

Choices:
C. horizontal orientation
M. vertical orientation
I. dorsal orientation
D. frontal orientation

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on this?\n\nChoices:\nC. horizontal orientation\nM. vertical orientation\nI. dorsal orientation\nD. frontal orientation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Chapter 15 1 The heart rate increases to send more blood to the muscles, and the liver releases stored glucose to fuel the muscles. 3 The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on a vertical orientation. 5 The release of urine in extreme fear. The sympathetic system normally constricts sphincters such as that of the urethra. 7 D 9 C 11 A 13 D 15 A 17 A 19 B 21 B 23 C 25 D 27 Whereas energy is needed for running away from the threa"}


Prompt:
What plant structures are the main avenues by which water evaporates from the sporophyte?

Choices:
I. veins
M. chloroplasts
H. chlorophyll
N. stomata

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What plant structures are the main avenues by which water evaporates from the sporophyte?\n\nChoices:\nI. veins\nM. chloroplasts\nH. chlorophyll\nN. stomata"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Kinetic energy is the energy of what?

Choices:
B. light
J. wind
K. motion
G. heat

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Kinetic energy is the energy of what?\n\nChoices:\nB. light\nJ. wind\nK. motion\nG. heat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Kinetic energy is the energy of motion."}


Prompt:
Bicycle riding is nearly unique to certain species such as

Choices:
A. small squirrels
T. dolphins
M. human beings
S. dogs

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Bicycle riding is nearly unique to certain species such as\n\nChoices:\nA. small squirrels\nT. dolphins\nM. human beings\nS. dogs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
8each cell-surface receptor has three main components: an external ligand-binding domain, a hydrophobic membrane spanning region, and a(n) what domain inside the cell?

Choices:
S. isolated
Q. inocent
N. intracellular
E. molecular

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "8each cell-surface receptor has three main components: an external ligand-binding domain, a hydrophobic membrane spanning region, and a(n) what domain inside the cell?\n\nChoices:\nS. isolated\nQ. inocent\nN. intracellular\nE. molecular"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Cell-Surface Receptors Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, in which an extracellular signal is converted into an intercellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins "}


Prompt:
The biggest drawback of what type of reproduction is lack of genetic variation, since all offspring are identical?

Choices:
T. asexual reproduction
L. sexual reproduction
I. meiosis
N. organic reproduction

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "The biggest drawback of what type of reproduction is lack of genetic variation, since all offspring are identical?\n\nChoices:\nT. asexual reproduction\nL. sexual reproduction\nI. meiosis\nN. organic reproduction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "In asexual reproduction, all the offspring are exactly the same. This is the biggest drawback of this type of reproduction. Why? Lack of genetic variation increases the risk of extinction. Without variety, there may be no organisms that can survive a major change in the environment."}


Prompt:
A car is stuck in a ditch, and requires the passengers of the vehicle to get out and push it back onto the road. Two of the three passengers push the car, and they struggle to gain any ground, but when the third passenger helps them

Choices:
P. the car is too heavy to push
O. the car is stuck
C. the car gains ground rapidly
R. the car struggles to move

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "A car is stuck in a ditch, and requires the passengers of the vehicle to get out and push it back onto the road. Two of the three passengers push the car, and they struggle to gain any ground, but when the third passenger helps them\n\nChoices:\nP. the car is too heavy to push\nO. the car is stuck\nC. the car gains ground rapidly\nR. the car struggles to move"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?

Choices:
K. hammer, anvil, and stirrup
A. pinna, cochlea, and utricle
N. both a and b
B. malleus, incus, and stapes

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?\n\nChoices:\nK. hammer, anvil, and stirrup\nA. pinna, cochlea, and utricle\nN. both a and b\nB. malleus, incus, and stapes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1816, "id": 1816, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Where do terrapins hibernate during the colder months?

Choices:
A. In the mud of creeks and marshes
O. On the beach
R. In caves
H. In trees

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where do terrapins hibernate during the colder months?\n\nChoices:\nA. In the mud of creeks and marshes\nO. On the beach\nR. In caves\nH. In trees"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"id": 1618406, "title": "Diamondback terrapin", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
The protein without the prosthetic group is known as the what?

Choices:
R. monoprotein
B. spicule
D. xerophyte
C. apoprotein

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "The protein without the prosthetic group is known as the what?\n\nChoices:\nR. monoprotein\nB. spicule\nD. xerophyte\nC. apoprotein"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "As we will return to later, proteins are functional entities, composed of polypeptides and prosthetic group. The prosthetic group is essential for normal protein function. The protein without the prosthetic group is known as the apoprotein. biofundamentals – coreBIO."}


Prompt:
What determines the color of a star?

Choices:
N. core temperature
L. surface temperature
A. size of the star
P. age of the star

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What determines the color of a star?\n\nChoices:\nN. core temperature\nL. surface temperature\nA. size of the star\nP. age of the star"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The color of a star is determined by its surface temperature."}


Prompt:
When a person stands on the floor, his feet exert what on the surface?

Choices:
I. pressure
J. resistance
G. power
F. acceleration

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "When a person stands on the floor, his feet exert what on the surface?\n\nChoices:\nI. pressure\nJ. resistance\nG. power\nF. acceleration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "When a person stands on the floor, his feet exert pressure on the surface. That pressure is related to both the mass of the person and the surface area of his feet. If the person were holding a heavy object, the pressure would increase because of a greater force. Alternatively, if the person stands on his toes, the pressure also increases because of a decrease in the surface area."}


Prompt:
You just posted a credit to Accounts Receivable. Which special journal did it come from?

Choices:
S. cash disbursements journal
K. sales journal
T. purchases journal
P. cash receipts journal
R. general journal

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "You just posted a credit to Accounts Receivable. Which special journal did it come from?\n\nChoices:\nS. cash disbursements journal\nK. sales journal\nT. purchases journal\nP. cash receipts journal\nR. general journal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2557, "id": 2557, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": false}


Prompt:
What is it called when two organisms live close together and form a relationship?

Choices:
B. Family
D. symbiosis
I. definitions
K. traits

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is it called when two organisms live close together and form a relationship?\n\nChoices:\nB. Family\nD. symbiosis\nI. definitions\nK. traits"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Fungi don't live in isolation. They often interact with other species. In fact, fungi can be dependent on another organism for survival. When two species live close together and form a relationship, it is called symbiosis . Symbiosis can be beneficial to one or both organisms, or sometimes one organism hurts the other. Some of the partners in these relationships include plants, algae, insects and other animals, and even humans."}


Prompt:
One source of heat might be

Choices:
H. moving to Antartica
K. a mini flashlight
R. eating ice
E. sitting in snow

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "One source of heat might be\n\nChoices:\nH. moving to Antartica\nK. a mini flashlight\nR. eating ice\nE. sitting in snow"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Ionic bonds are formed between which ions?

Choices:
S. with multiple charges
B. with the same charges
G. with random charges
Q. with opposite charges

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ionic bonds are formed between which ions?\n\nChoices:\nS. with multiple charges\nB. with the same charges\nG. with random charges\nQ. with opposite charges"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Ionic bonds are formed between ions with opposite charges. For instance, positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions bond together to make crystals of sodium chloride, or table salt, creating a crystalline molecule with zero net charge. Certain salts are referred to in physiology as electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, and calcium), ions necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions and water balance. Many sports drinks and dietary supplements provide "}


Prompt:
What part of a plant helps it reproduce by being ejected from flowers and fruits?

Choices:
O. seeds
S. roots
L. berries
D. cells

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What part of a plant helps it reproduce by being ejected from flowers and fruits?\n\nChoices:\nO. seeds\nS. roots\nL. berries\nD. cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What is an individual living creature called?

Choices:
C. amino
S. species
A. organism
M. protist

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an individual living creature called?\n\nChoices:\nC. amino\nS. species\nA. organism\nM. protist"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "An individual living creature is called an organism . There are many characteristics that living organisms share. They all:."}


Prompt:
What are solid-solid solutions like brass and bronze called?

Choices:
H. oxides
T. alloys
Q. mixtures
F. amalgams

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are solid-solid solutions like brass and bronze called?\n\nChoices:\nH. oxides\nT. alloys\nQ. mixtures\nF. amalgams"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Solid-solid solutions such as brass, bronze, and sterling silver are called alloys. Bronze (composed mainly of copper with added tin) was widely used in making weapons in times past dating back to at least 2400 B. C. This metal alloy was hard and tough, but was eventually replaced by iron."}


Prompt:
Clapping in an auditorium will yield this for a few moments afterwards:

Choices:
L. echo
P. urine
S. solar flares
T. indignant

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Clapping in an auditorium will yield this for a few moments afterwards:\n\nChoices:\nL. echo\nP. urine\nS. solar flares\nT. indignant"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What does artificial intelligence refer to?

Choices:
M. humans that do not possess reasonably high IQs
L. a concept that exists only in science fiction but has not yet been achieved today
K. programming computers to mimic human reasoning and perform tasks previously performed by humans
E. tutorials that can make humans smarter than they naturally are

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does artificial intelligence refer to?\n\nChoices:\nM. humans that do not possess reasonably high IQs\nL. a concept that exists only in science fiction but has not yet been achieved today\nK. programming computers to mimic human reasoning and perform tasks previously performed by humans\nE. tutorials that can make humans smarter than they naturally are"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2561, "id": 2561, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions?

Choices:
L. Up series
D. activity series
R. probably series
S. growth series

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions?\n\nChoices:\nL. Up series\nD. activity series\nR. probably series\nS. growth series"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Chemical reactivity trends are easy to predict when replacing anions in simple ionic compounds—simply use their relative positions on the periodic table. However, when replacing the cations, the trends are not as straightforward. This is partly because there are so many elements that can form cations; an element in one column on the periodic table may replace another element nearby, or it may not. A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it list"}


Prompt:
What is the most likely reason the brush mouse is named 'brush mouse'?

Choices:
N. It has yellowish-brown fur.
A. It has a tail with a brush-like tuft of hair.
E. It lives in a brushy environment.
K. It has small ears.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the most likely reason the brush mouse is named 'brush mouse'?\n\nChoices:\nN. It has yellowish-brown fur.\nA. It has a tail with a brush-like tuft of hair.\nE. It lives in a brushy environment.\nK. It has small ears."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"id": 12175167, "title": "Brush mouse", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
What was the purpose of the 2019 Coppa Italia Final?

Choices:
N. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final decided the winner of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the premier club football competition in Europe.
P. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final determined the champion of the 2018–19 Coppa Italia, the 72nd season of Italy's main football cup.
E. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final determined the champion of the 2018–19 Serie A, the top tier of Italian football.
M. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final was a friendly match held to celebrate the 72nd season of Italy's main football cup.
C. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final decided the winner of the 2018–19 FIFA World Cup, the international football tournament.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the purpose of the 2019 Coppa Italia Final?\n\nChoices:\nN. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final decided the winner of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the premier club football competition in Europe.\nP. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final determined the champion of the 2018–19 Coppa Italia, the 72nd season of Italy's main football cup.\nE. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final determined the champion of the 2018–19 Serie A, the top tier of Italian football.\nM. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final was a friendly match held to celebrate the 72nd season of Italy's main football cup.\nC. The 2019 Coppa Italia Final decided the winner of the 2018–19 FIFA World Cup, the international football tournament."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What makes the sun glow brightly?

Choices:
F. radiation
R. nuclear fusion
J. ultraviolet rays
H. sun bursts

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What makes the sun glow brightly?\n\nChoices:\nF. radiation\nR. nuclear fusion\nJ. ultraviolet rays\nH. sun bursts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "What causes the sun to glow so brightly? The answer is nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reaction, and it releases a huge amount of energy."}


Prompt:
What are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds?

Choices:
D. organic compounds
F. inorganic compounds
A. hydrocarbons
H. fossil fuels

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds?\n\nChoices:\nD. organic compounds\nF. inorganic compounds\nA. hydrocarbons\nH. fossil fuels"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds, but they can vary greatly in size. The smallest hydrocarbons have just one or two carbon atoms. The largest hydrocarbons may have thousands of carbon atoms."}


Prompt:
Gases have no definite shape or what?

Choices:
N. volume
P. smell
I. mass
R. growth

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Gases have no definite shape or what?\n\nChoices:\nN. volume\nP. smell\nI. mass\nR. growth"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Gases have no definite shape or volume."}


Prompt:
Chemical changes can occur when

Choices:
C. plastic is used for eating utensils
O. H2O is exposed to air
M. oxygen circulates in a vacuum chamber
T. Na is added to Cl

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Chemical changes can occur when\n\nChoices:\nC. plastic is used for eating utensils\nO. H2O is exposed to air\nM. oxygen circulates in a vacuum chamber\nT. Na is added to Cl"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the secretion of saliva?

Choices:
L. craving
P. perspiration
F. salivation
Q. excretion

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the secretion of saliva?\n\nChoices:\nL. craving\nP. perspiration\nF. salivation\nQ. excretion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Regulation of Salivation The autonomic nervous system regulates salivation (the secretion of saliva). In the absence of food, parasympathetic stimulation keeps saliva flowing at just the right level for comfort as you speak, swallow, sleep, and generally go about life. Over-salivation can occur, for example, if you are stimulated by the smell of food, but that food is not available for you to eat. Drooling is an extreme instance of the overproduction of saliva. During times of stress, such as be"}


Prompt:
Deserts are in extremely dry environments, so liquids will naturally be

Choices:
E. plentiful
A. meager
S. talented
N. rainbow

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Deserts are in extremely dry environments, so liquids will naturally be\n\nChoices:\nE. plentiful\nA. meager\nS. talented\nN. rainbow"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What do we call the major artery carrying recently oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Choices:
T. muscular artery
Q. aorta
K. capillary
L. arteriole

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call the major artery carrying recently oxygenated blood away from the heart?\n\nChoices:\nT. muscular artery\nQ. aorta\nK. capillary\nL. arteriole"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Arterial Supply The major artery carrying recently oxygenated blood away from the heart is the aorta. The very first branches off the aorta supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen. The next branches give rise to the common carotid arteries, which further branch into the internal carotid arteries. The external carotid arteries supply blood to the tissues on the surface of the cranium. The bases of the common carotids contain stretch receptors that immediately respond to the drop in blood press"}


Prompt:
What type of tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body?

Choices:
B. benign tissue
M. peripheral tissue
A. nervous tissue
G. neurotransmitters

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body?\n\nChoices:\nB. benign tissue\nM. peripheral tissue\nA. nervous tissue\nG. neurotransmitters"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body."}


Prompt:
What might be the natural habitat of a small creature known for making a noise by scraping limbs together?

Choices:
A. In a barn
R. Amid the snow
K. In the ocean
D. Among Birches

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What might be the natural habitat of a small creature known for making a noise by scraping limbs together?\n\nChoices:\nA. In a barn\nR. Amid the snow\nK. In the ocean\nD. Among Birches"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Population growth depends on birth rates and death rates, as well as what?

Choices:
T. communication
I. marriage
J. industrialization
D. migration

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Population growth depends on birth rates and death rates, as well as what?\n\nChoices:\nT. communication\nI. marriage\nJ. industrialization\nD. migration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Population growth rate depends on birth rates and death rates, as well as migration. First, we will consider the effects of birth and death rates. You can predict the growth rate by using this simple equation: growth rate = birth rate – death rate."}


Prompt:
What is the process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall called?

Choices:
I. leukocytosis
C. positive chemotaxis
G. cytoplasmic extending
J. emigration

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall called?\n\nChoices:\nI. leukocytosis\nC. positive chemotaxis\nG. cytoplasmic extending\nJ. emigration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3359, "id": 3359, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What do ruminants do with their food to help them digest it better?

Choices:
D. They spit it out and eat it again.
H. They hide it for later.
G. They throw it away and find new food.
E. They chew it and swallow it again.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do ruminants do with their food to help them digest it better?\n\nChoices:\nD. They spit it out and eat it again.\nH. They hide it for later.\nG. They throw it away and find new food.\nE. They chew it and swallow it again."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"id": 6171868, "title": "Regurgitation (digestion)", "grade_level": "grade 1 and 2", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
Cells may enter a period of rest known as what?

Choices:
B. stationary phase
I. interkinesis
F. respiration
J. anaphase

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Cells may enter a period of rest known as what?\n\nChoices:\nB. stationary phase\nI. interkinesis\nF. respiration\nJ. anaphase"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "During telophase I, the spindle fiber disassembles and the nucleus reforms. The genetic material briefly uncoils back into chromatin. This is quickly followed by cytokinesis. Cells may enter a period of rest known as interkinesis or interphase II, or immediately enter meiosis II. No DNA replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II."}


Prompt:
What are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms?

Choices:
M. proteins
E. lipids
J. cells
Q. molecules

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms?\n\nChoices:\nM. proteins\nE. lipids\nJ. cells\nQ. molecules"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "All living things consist of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living organisms."}


Prompt:
Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the what?

Choices:
M. axosomatic synapse
B. cellular hillock
J. dendrite
L. axon hillock

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the what?\n\nChoices:\nM. axosomatic synapse\nB. cellular hillock\nJ. dendrite\nL. axon hillock"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called axoplasm. Because the axon hillock represents the beginning of the axon, it is also referred to as the initial segment. Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Myelin acts as insulati"}


Prompt:
What is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population called?

Choices:
O. allele rarity
R. allele frequecy
M. allele commonness
H. trait frequency

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population called?\n\nChoices:\nO. allele rarity\nR. allele frequecy\nM. allele commonness\nH. trait frequency"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The allele frequency (or gene frequency) is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population. Until now we have discussed evolution as a change in the characteristics of a population of organisms, but behind that phenotypic change is genetic change. In population genetics, the term evolution is defined as a change in the frequency of an allele in a population. Using the ABO blood type system as an example, the frequency of one of the alleles, IA, is the number of [1] copies of tha"}


Prompt:
An electric current flows in a path called what?

Choices:
G. electric course
J. electric circuit
T. electric ring
B. fuse

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "An electric current flows in a path called what?\n\nChoices:\nG. electric course\nJ. electric circuit\nT. electric ring\nB. fuse"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Electricity refers to a number of phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity includes such diverse things as lightning, static electricity, the current generated by a battery as it discharges, and many other influences on our daily lives. The flow or movement of charge is an electric current (Figure 17.2). Electrons or ions may carry the charge. The elementary unit of charge is the charge of a proton, which is equal in magnitude to the charge of an electron. "}


Prompt:
Another interesting phenomenon associated with polarized light is the ability of some crystals to split an unpolarized beam of light into two. such crystals are said to be this?

Choices:
I. opaque matter
K. reflective
B. birefringent
O. phosphorescent

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Another interesting phenomenon associated with polarized light is the ability of some crystals to split an unpolarized beam of light into two. such crystals are said to be this?\n\nChoices:\nI. opaque matter\nK. reflective\nB. birefringent\nO. phosphorescent"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Another interesting phenomenon associated with polarized light is the ability of some crystals to split an unpolarized beam of light into two. Such crystals are said to be birefringent (see Figure 27.50). Each of the separated rays has a specific polarization. One behaves normally and is called the ordinary ray, whereas the other does not obey Snell's law and is called the extraordinary ray. Birefringent crystals can be used to produce polarized beams from unpolarized light. Some birefringent ma"}


Prompt:
What are the organisms that live in extreme conditions known as?

Choices:
S. carotenoids
P. extremophiles
K. naturophiles
H. fibroblasts

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the organisms that live in extreme conditions known as?\n\nChoices:\nS. carotenoids\nP. extremophiles\nK. naturophiles\nH. fibroblasts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Many archaeans are extremophiles. Extremophiles are organisms that live in extreme conditions. For example, some archaeans live around hydrothermal vents. A hydrothermal vent is a crack on the ocean floor. You can see one in Figure below . Boiling hot, highly acidic water pours out of the vent. These extreme conditions don't deter archaeans. They have evolved adaptations for coping with them. These conditions are like those on ancient Earth. This suggests that archaeans may have evolved very ear"}


Prompt:
What do you call the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past?

Choices:
A. skulls
R. fossils
B. decomposition
G. corals

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past?\n\nChoices:\nA. skulls\nR. fossils\nB. decomposition\nG. corals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Most preserved remains are hard parts, such as teeth, bones, or shells. Hard parts are less likely to be destroyed before they can become fossils. Even so, a very tiny percentage of living things become fossils. These types of fossils are called body fossils ( Figure below , Figure below , and Figure below )."}


Prompt:
What contributes to prey animals being able to survive predators long enough to mate?

Choices:
N. hiding in bushes
L. listening to music
F. how they're named.
I. eating sweets

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What contributes to prey animals being able to survive predators long enough to mate?\n\nChoices:\nN. hiding in bushes\nL. listening to music\nF. how they're named.\nI. eating sweets"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Proper chemical formulas for ionic compounds balance the total positive charge with what?

Choices:
B. total ionic charge
M. total atomic charge
G. total electric charge
H. total negative charge

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Proper chemical formulas for ionic compounds balance the total positive charge with what?\n\nChoices:\nB. total ionic charge\nM. total atomic charge\nG. total electric charge\nH. total negative charge"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Proper chemical formulas for ionic compounds balance the total positive charge with the total negative charge."}


Prompt:
Many heterocyclic amines occur naturally in what?

Choices:
D. gases
F. nuclei
M. animals
A. plants

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Many heterocyclic amines occur naturally in what?\n\nChoices:\nD. gases\nF. nuclei\nM. animals\nA. plants"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "nucleic acids, which in turn compose the genetic material of cells and direct protein synthesis. (For more information about nucleic acids, see Chapter 19 \"Nucleic Acids\". ) Many heterocyclic amines occur naturally in plants. Like other amines, these compounds are basic. Such a compound is an alkaloid, a name that means \"like alkalis. \" Many alkaloids are physiologically active, including the familiar drugs caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine."}


Prompt:
What is the third gene of lac operon in addition to lacz and lacy?

Choices:
T. ghara
G. laca
A. Lacy
S. leya

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the third gene of lac operon in addition to lacz and lacy?\n\nChoices:\nT. ghara\nG. laca\nA. Lacy\nS. leya"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "The three genes of the lac operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. They encode proteins needed to digest lactose. The genes are expressed only in the presence of lactose."}


Prompt:
Technically, which cells are the only autotrophic parts of the plant?

Choices:
N. red
K. yellow
S. brown
I. green

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Technically, which cells are the only autotrophic parts of the plant?\n\nChoices:\nN. red\nK. yellow\nS. brown\nI. green"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What term is used to describe the energy of matter in motion?

Choices:
B. frictional energy
G. emotional energy
J. gravitational energy
N. kinetic energy

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to describe the energy of matter in motion?\n\nChoices:\nB. frictional energy\nG. emotional energy\nJ. gravitational energy\nN. kinetic energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "2.3 Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions, in which chemical bonds are broken and formed, require an initial investment of energy. Kinetic energy, the energy of matter in motion, fuels the collisions of atoms, ions, and molecules that are necessary if their old bonds are to break and new ones to form. All molecules store potential energy, which is released when their bonds are broken. Four forms of energy essential to human functioning are: chemical energy, which is stored and released as chemic"}


Prompt:
What is the transfer of thermal energy between objects that have different temperatures?

Choices:
G. humidity
K. heat
R. warm
M. sweat

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the transfer of thermal energy between objects that have different temperatures?\n\nChoices:\nG. humidity\nK. heat\nR. warm\nM. sweat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects that have different temperatures. Thermal energy always moves from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. Specific heat is the amount of energy (in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C. Substances differ in their specific heat."}