Prompt:
If plants are chilled in evening air,

Choices:
O. put them in a glass pile
Q. put them in a glass building
N. put them in an igloo
E. put them in a fire pit

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "If plants are chilled in evening air,\n\nChoices:\nO. put them in a glass pile\nQ. put them in a glass building\nN. put them in an igloo\nE. put them in a fire pit"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Where is the Shark Bay Marine Park located in Western Australia?

Choices:
K. The Shark Bay Marine Park is situated over 800 km (500 mi) north of Perth.
O. The Shark Bay Marine Park is protected marine park located within the Gascoyne region of Western Australia, near Perth.
A. The Shark Bay Marine Park is situated over 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of Geraldton.
M. The Shark Bay Marine Park is located within the UNESCO World Heritage–listed Shark Bay.
L. The Shark Bay Marine Park is protected marine park located within the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the Shark Bay Marine Park located in Western Australia?\n\nChoices:\nK. The Shark Bay Marine Park is situated over 800 km (500 mi) north of Perth.\nO. The Shark Bay Marine Park is protected marine park located within the Gascoyne region of Western Australia, near Perth.\nA. The Shark Bay Marine Park is situated over 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of Geraldton.\nM. The Shark Bay Marine Park is located within the UNESCO World Heritage–listed Shark Bay.\nL. The Shark Bay Marine Park is protected marine park located within the Gascoyne region of Western Australia."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
In some fish, their fins may be used for

Choices:
J. magical spells
T. evenness
O. back pats
B. high-fives

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "In some fish, their fins may be used for\n\nChoices:\nJ. magical spells\nT. evenness\nO. back pats\nB. high-fives"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What is the amount of product that may be produced by a reaction under specified conditions called?

Choices:
H. solute
F. reactant
M. theoretical yield
A. catalytic yield

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the amount of product that may be produced by a reaction under specified conditions called?\n\nChoices:\nH. solute\nF. reactant\nM. theoretical yield\nA. catalytic yield"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Percent Yield The amount of product that may be produced by a reaction under specified conditions, as calculated per the stoichiometry of an appropriate balanced chemical equation, is called the theoretical yield of the reaction. In practice, the amount of product obtained is called the actual yield, and it is often less than the theoretical yield for a number of reasons. Some reactions are inherently inefficient, being accompanied by side reactions that generate other products. Others are, by n"}


Prompt:
What was the role of Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary?

Choices:
K. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian commander in Habsburg service who fought in battles in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.
T. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian diplomat who negotiated treaties between the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.
E. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian painter who created numerous artworks in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.
S. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian poet who wrote influential literary works inspired by the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Q. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian architect who designed several prominent buildings in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the role of Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary?\n\nChoices:\nK. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian commander in Habsburg service who fought in battles in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.\nT. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian diplomat who negotiated treaties between the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.\nE. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian painter who created numerous artworks in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.\nS. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian poet who wrote influential literary works inspired by the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary.\nQ. Giovan Giacomo Barbiano di Belgioioso was an Italian architect who designed several prominent buildings in the Low Countries and the Kingdom of Hungary."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
A lake, pond, or stream can all be used to

Choices:
D. create new houses
H. make extra food
S. rain water down
P. collect fluid from

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "A lake, pond, or stream can all be used to\n\nChoices:\nD. create new houses\nH. make extra food\nS. rain water down\nP. collect fluid from"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What does k stand for on the periodic table?

Choices:
L. calcium
H. magnesium
Q. potassium
E. aluminum

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does k stand for on the periodic table?\n\nChoices:\nL. calcium\nH. magnesium\nQ. potassium\nE. aluminum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Q: The table shown in the Figure above is called the periodic table of the elements. Each symbol stands for a different element. What do you think the symbol K stands for?."}


Prompt:
Roads present danger to animals because

Choices:
J. cops will stop them for speeding
R. only chickens can cross the road
K. people driving cars might be unaware the animal is close by
D. road signs are hard to read

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Roads present danger to animals because\n\nChoices:\nJ. cops will stop them for speeding\nR. only chickens can cross the road\nK. people driving cars might be unaware the animal is close by\nD. road signs are hard to read"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
why would a mouse run away from a cat?

Choices:
Q. to avoid becoming lunch
A. to get the cat some milk
N. all of these
D. to avoid paying its debt

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "why would a mouse run away from a cat?\n\nChoices:\nQ. to avoid becoming lunch\nA. to get the cat some milk\nN. all of these\nD. to avoid paying its debt"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Which is the buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance?

Choices:
K. phosphate buffer
F. plasma protein
R. hemoglobin
E. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is the buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance?\n\nChoices:\nK. phosphate buffer\nF. plasma protein\nR. hemoglobin\nE. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2938, "id": 2938, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Each parapodium has numerous chaetae, bristles made of what?

Choices:
B. ricin
E. chitin
S. casein
N. lectin

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each parapodium has numerous chaetae, bristles made of what?\n\nChoices:\nB. ricin\nE. chitin\nS. casein\nN. lectin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Part of the fossil record, stromatolites belong to what rock group and are formed when minerals are precipitated out of water by prokaryotes in a microbial mat?

Choices:
N. crystalline
M. igneous
A. sedimentary
S. metamorphic

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Part of the fossil record, stromatolites belong to what rock group and are formed when minerals are precipitated out of water by prokaryotes in a microbial mat?\n\nChoices:\nN. crystalline\nM. igneous\nA. sedimentary\nS. metamorphic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Stromatolites Fossilized microbial mats represent the earliest record of life on Earth. A stromatolite is a sedimentary structure formed when minerals are precipitated out of water by prokaryotes in a microbial mat (Figure 22.3). Stromatolites form layered rocks made of carbonate or silicate. Although most stromatolites are artifacts from the past, there are places on Earth where stromatolites are still forming. For example, growing stromatolites have been found in the Anza-Borrego Desert State "}


Prompt:
Photosynthesis takes the energy of sunlight and combines water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar and oxygen as this?

Choices:
O. waste product
C. primary product
P. reactive product
M. secondary product

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Photosynthesis takes the energy of sunlight and combines water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar and oxygen as this?\n\nChoices:\nO. waste product\nC. primary product\nP. reactive product\nM. secondary product"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The free electron travels through the electron transport chain, and the energy of the electron is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, transferring the energy into the electrochemical gradient. The energy of the electrochemical gradient is used to power ATP synthase, and the energy is transferred into a bond in the ATP molecule. In addition, energy from another photon can be used to create a high-energy bond in the molecule NADPH. 16 Photosynthesis takes the energy of sunlight an"}


Prompt:
Context:
Let us examine the changing pattern of India's International trade. In 1950-51, India's external
trade was worth Rs.1,214 crore, which rose to Rs. 44,29,762 crore in 2016-17. Can you
calculate the percentage growth in 2016- 17 over 1950-51? There are numerous reasons for
this sharp rise in overseas trade, such as the momentum picked up by the manufacturing
sectors, the liberal policies of the government and the diversification of markets. The nature of
India's foreign trade has changed over the years (Table 8.1). Though there has been an
increase in the total volume of import and export, the value of import continued to be higher than
that of exports.
Changing Pattern of ttern ofttern of the Composition of India's Expor s Exports
The composition of commodities in India's international trade has been undergoing a change
over the years. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined, whereas, shares of
petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased. The shares of ore
minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained constant over the years from 2009-10
to 2010-11and 2015-16 to 2016-17. The decline in traditional items is largely due to the tough
international competition. Amongst the agricultural products, there is a decline in the export of
traditional items, such as coffee, cashew, etc., though an increase has been registered in
floricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products and sugar, etc. Manufacturing sector alone
accounted for 73.6 per cent of India's total value of export in 2016-17. Engineering goods have
shown a significant growth in the export. China and other East Asian countries are our major
competitors. Gems and jewellery contributes a larger share of India's foreign trade. Changing
Patterns of the Composition of India's Import India faced serious food shortage during 1950s
and 1960s. The major item of import at that time was foodgrain, capital goods, machinery and
equipment. The balance of payment was adverse as imports were more than export in spite of
all the efforts of import substitution. After 1970s, foodgrain import was discontinued due to the
success of Green revolution but the energy crisis of 1973 pushed the prices of petroleum, and
import budget was also pushed up. Foodgrain import was replaced by fertilisers and petroleum.
Machine and equipment, special steel, edible oil and chemicals largely make the import basket.
Examine the changing pattern of imports in Table 8.4 and try to comprehend the shifts. Table 8.4
shows that there is a steep rise in the import of petroleum products. It is used not only as a fuel
but also as an industrial raw material. It indicates the tempo of rising industrialisation and better
standard of living. Sporadic price rise in the international market is another reason for the same.
Import of capital goods maintained a steady increase due to rising demand in the
export-oriented industrial and domestic sectors. Non-electrical machinery, transport equipment,
m

Question:
Which of these was a major import for India during the 1950s and 1960s?

Choices:
O. Fertilizers
C. Petroleum
E. Foodgrain
H. Electronic Goods

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nLet us examine the changing pattern of India's International trade. In 1950-51, India's external\ntrade was worth Rs.1,214 crore, which rose to Rs. 44,29,762 crore in 2016-17. Can you\ncalculate the percentage growth in 2016- 17 over 1950-51? There are numerous reasons for\nthis sharp rise in overseas trade, such as the momentum picked up by the manufacturing\nsectors, the liberal policies of the government and the diversification of markets. The nature of\nIndia's foreign trade has changed over the years (Table 8.1). Though there has been an\nincrease in the total volume of import and export, the value of import continued to be higher than\nthat of exports.\nChanging Pattern of ttern ofttern of the Composition of India's Expor s Exports\nThe composition of commodities in India's international trade has been undergoing a change\nover the years. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined, whereas, shares of\npetroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased. The shares of ore\nminerals and manufactured goods have largely remained constant over the years from 2009-10\nto 2010-11and 2015-16 to 2016-17. The decline in traditional items is largely due to the tough\ninternational competition. Amongst the agricultural products, there is a decline in the export of\ntraditional items, such as coffee, cashew, etc., though an increase has been registered in\nfloricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products and sugar, etc. Manufacturing sector alone\naccounted for 73.6 per cent of India's total value of export in 2016-17. Engineering goods have\nshown a significant growth in the export. China and other East Asian countries are our major\ncompetitors. Gems and jewellery contributes a larger share of India's foreign trade. Changing\nPatterns of the Composition of India's Import India faced serious food shortage during 1950s\nand 1960s. The major item of import at that time was foodgrain, capital goods, machinery and\nequipment. The balance of payment was adverse as imports were more than export in spite of\nall the efforts of import substitution. After 1970s, foodgrain import was discontinued due to the\nsuccess of Green revolution but the energy crisis of 1973 pushed the prices of petroleum, and\nimport budget was also pushed up. Foodgrain import was replaced by fertilisers and petroleum.\nMachine and equipment, special steel, edible oil and chemicals largely make the import basket.\nExamine the changing pattern of imports in Table 8.4 and try to comprehend the shifts. Table 8.4\nshows that there is a steep rise in the import of petroleum products. It is used not only as a fuel\nbut also as an industrial raw material. It indicates the tempo of rising industrialisation and better\nstandard of living. Sporadic price rise in the international market is another reason for the same.\nImport of capital goods maintained a steady increase due to rising demand in the\nexport-oriented industrial and domestic sectors. Non-electrical machinery, transport equipment,\nm\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of these was a major import for India during the 1950s and 1960s?\n\nChoices:\nO. Fertilizers\nC. Petroleum\nE. Foodgrain\nH. Electronic Goods"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
What type of power is generated by splitting uranium atoms?

Choices:
L. wind power
J. solar power
G. fossil fuel power
H. nuclear power

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of power is generated by splitting uranium atoms?\n\nChoices:\nL. wind power\nJ. solar power\nG. fossil fuel power\nH. nuclear power"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Nuclear power plants use uranium that has been concentrated in fuel rods ( Figure below ). The uranium atoms are split apart when they are hit by other extremely tiny particles. These particles must be controlled or they would cause a dangerous explosion."}


Prompt:
At high elevations, there is little risk of flooding, but at low elevations, what will happen?

Choices:
T. flood damage will be decreased
E. flooding will be less of a risk
Q. water damage will be more apparent
B. more floodwater will be clean

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "At high elevations, there is little risk of flooding, but at low elevations, what will happen?\n\nChoices:\nT. flood damage will be decreased\nE. flooding will be less of a risk\nQ. water damage will be more apparent\nB. more floodwater will be clean"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Salmon must do what when they migrate from freshwater to the ocean?

Choices:
N. acclimatize
O. synthesize
S. regenerate
P. adapt

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Salmon must do what when they migrate from freshwater to the ocean?\n\nChoices:\nN. acclimatize\nO. synthesize\nS. regenerate\nP. adapt"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
The rock of the mantle is mostly what?

Choices:
Q. metamorphic
D. silicon
A. peridotite
H. crystalline

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The rock of the mantle is mostly what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. metamorphic\nD. silicon\nA. peridotite\nH. crystalline"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The rock of the mantle is mostly peridotite. Peridotite is formed of crystals of olivine (green) and pyroxene (black)."}


Prompt:
What happens to atoms during a substitution reaction?

Choices:
Q. impaction
A. disintegrate
C. fusion
E. replace another in a molecule

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What happens to atoms during a substitution reaction?\n\nChoices:\nQ. impaction\nA. disintegrate\nC. fusion\nE. replace another in a molecule"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "A substitution reaction is a reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. Alkyl halides are formed by the substitution of a halogen atom for a hydrogen atom. When methane reacts with chlorine gas, ultraviolet light can act as a catalyst for the reaction."}


Prompt:
Xenons use current to produce light as well as

Choices:
A. darkness
M. thermal exchange
H. rainbows
T. heat sinks

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Xenons use current to produce light as well as\n\nChoices:\nA. darkness\nM. thermal exchange\nH. rainbows\nT. heat sinks"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
What delivers natural gas from rock that might not otherwise be obtainable?

Choices:
M. drilling
S. rippling
A. grinding
C. fracking

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What delivers natural gas from rock that might not otherwise be obtainable?\n\nChoices:\nM. drilling\nS. rippling\nA. grinding\nC. fracking"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Fracking delivers natural gas from rock that might not otherwise be obtainable."}


Prompt:
What were John Mulholland's professional pursuits?

Choices:
J. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and chef.
D. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and intelligence agent.
C. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and doctor.
B. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and musician.
L. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and engineer.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What were John Mulholland's professional pursuits?\n\nChoices:\nJ. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and chef.\nD. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and intelligence agent.\nC. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and doctor.\nB. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and musician.\nL. John Mulholland was a professional magician, author, publisher, and engineer."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What tides occur during the new moon and full moon?

Choices:
E. high
S. spring
C. autumn
L. bottom

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What tides occur during the new moon and full moon?\n\nChoices:\nE. high\nS. spring\nC. autumn\nL. bottom"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Spring tides occur during the new moon and full moon. The Sun and Moon are in a straight line either on the same side of Earth or on opposite sides. Their gravitational pull combines to cause very high and very low tides. Spring tides have the greatest tidal range."}


Prompt:
Strong, stable bonds between carbon atoms produce complex molecules containing chains, branches, and rings; the chemistry of these compounds is called what?

Choices:
G. organic chemistry
F. animal chemistry
E. nuclear chemistry
P. inorganic chemistry

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Strong, stable bonds between carbon atoms produce complex molecules containing chains, branches, and rings; the chemistry of these compounds is called what?\n\nChoices:\nG. organic chemistry\nF. animal chemistry\nE. nuclear chemistry\nP. inorganic chemistry"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Summary 20.1 Hydrocarbons Strong, stable bonds between carbon atoms produce complex molecules containing chains, branches, and rings. The chemistry of these compounds is called organic chemistry. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons—that is, hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. Alkenes contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkynes contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Aromatic hydrocarbons cont"}


Prompt:
Who was Gilbert Affleck?

Choices:
Q. An English Whig politician who served in the House of Lords between 1722 and 1741.
R. A Welsh Tory politician who served in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.
I. An Irish Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.
K. A Scottish Whig politician who served in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.
T. A British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who was Gilbert Affleck?\n\nChoices:\nQ. An English Whig politician who served in the House of Lords between 1722 and 1741.\nR. A Welsh Tory politician who served in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.\nI. An Irish Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.\nK. A Scottish Whig politician who served in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.\nT. A British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Which group saw an expansion of their voting rights in the early nineteenth century?

Choices:
S. women
L. free Black people
R. Native Americans
N. non-property-owning men

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which group saw an expansion of their voting rights in the early nineteenth century?\n\nChoices:\nS. women\nL. free Black people\nR. Native Americans\nN. non-property-owning men"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2830, "id": 2830, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What kind of decay is electron capture a type of?

Choices:
D. gamma decay
A. beta decay
E. gradual decay
S. alpha decay

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of decay is electron capture a type of?\n\nChoices:\nD. gamma decay\nA. beta decay\nE. gradual decay\nS. alpha decay"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "since we use the masses of neutral atoms. Electron capture is the third type of beta decay. Here, a nucleus captures an inner-shell electron and undergoes a nuclear + reaction that has the same effect as β decay. Electron capture is sometimes denoted by the letters EC. We know that electrons cannot reside in the nucleus, but this is a nuclear reaction that consumes the electron and occurs spontaneously only when the products have less mass than the parent plus the electron. If a nuclide ZA X N i"}


Prompt:
What are the cone-like structures that contain sporangia called?

Choices:
G. contrail
J. medulla
M. strobili
I. gametes

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the cone-like structures that contain sporangia called?\n\nChoices:\nG. contrail\nJ. medulla\nM. strobili\nI. gametes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Leaves, Sporophylls, and Strobili A third innovation marks the seedless vascular plants. Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved their photosynthetic efficiency. Leaves capture more sunlight with their increased surface area by employing more chloroplasts to trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy, which is then used to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are exported"}


Prompt:
The production and transport of gametes is performed by what type of organs?

Choices:
E. degradation
D. reproductive
A. digestion
G. skin

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The production and transport of gametes is performed by what type of organs?\n\nChoices:\nE. degradation\nD. reproductive\nA. digestion\nG. skin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "46.3 Reproductive organs produce and transport gametes."}


Prompt:
Context:
Human activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Economic activities
are broadly grouped into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities. Primary activities
are directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilisation of earth's resources such as
land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals. It, thus includes, hunting and gathering,
pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.
HUNTING AND GATHERING
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance.
They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered
from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very
cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch
fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological progress. Many species,
now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters
used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited.
Why has hunting been banned in India? Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity
known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised
in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract, both
plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity
requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The
yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. Gathering is practised in: (i)
high latitude zones which include northern Canada, northern Eurasia and southern Chile; (ii)
Low latitude zones such as the Amazon Basin, tropical Africa, Northern fringe of Australia and
the interior parts of Southeast Asia (Fig. 4.2). In modern times some gathering is marketoriented
and has become commercial. Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees
and medicinal plants and after simple processing sell the products in the market. They use
various parts of the plants, for example, the bark is used for quinine, tanin extract and cork—
leaves supply materials for beverages, drugs, cosmetics, fibres, thatch and fabrics; nuts for food
and oils and tree trunk yield rubber, balata, gums and resins.
activity cannot compete in the world market. Moreover, synthetic products often of better quality
and at lower prices, have replaced many items supplied by the gatherers in tropical forests.
PASTORALISM
At some stage in history, with the realisation that hunting is an unsustainable activity, human
beings might have thought of domestication of animals. People living in different climatic
conditions selected and domesticated animals found in those regions. Depending on the
geographical factors, and technological development, anima

Question:
Based on the passage, what is the main difference between subsistence agriculture and hunting and gathering?

Choices:
Q. Subsistence agriculture relies on domesticated plants and animals while hunting and gathering uses wild resources
G. Subsistence agriculture is practiced in harsh climates while hunting and gathering is found in temperate zones.
E. Subsistence agriculture requires complex technology while hunting and gathering utilizes simple tools.
P. Subsistence agriculture is more environmentally sustainable than hunting and gathering

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nHuman activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Economic activities\nare broadly grouped into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities. Primary activities\nare directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilisation of earth's resources such as\nland, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals. It, thus includes, hunting and gathering,\npastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.\nHUNTING AND GATHERING\nThe earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance.\nThey subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered\nfrom forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very\ncold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch\nfish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological progress. Many species,\nnow have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters\nused primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited.\nWhy has hunting been banned in India? Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity\nknown. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised\nin regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract, both\nplants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity\nrequires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The\nyield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. Gathering is practised in: (i)\nhigh latitude zones which include northern Canada, northern Eurasia and southern Chile; (ii)\nLow latitude zones such as the Amazon Basin, tropical Africa, Northern fringe of Australia and\nthe interior parts of Southeast Asia (Fig. 4.2). In modern times some gathering is marketoriented\nand has become commercial. Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees\nand medicinal plants and after simple processing sell the products in the market. They use\nvarious parts of the plants, for example, the bark is used for quinine, tanin extract and cork—\nleaves supply materials for beverages, drugs, cosmetics, fibres, thatch and fabrics; nuts for food\nand oils and tree trunk yield rubber, balata, gums and resins.\nactivity cannot compete in the world market. Moreover, synthetic products often of better quality\nand at lower prices, have replaced many items supplied by the gatherers in tropical forests.\nPASTORALISM\nAt some stage in history, with the realisation that hunting is an unsustainable activity, human\nbeings might have thought of domestication of animals. People living in different climatic\nconditions selected and domesticated animals found in those regions. Depending on the\ngeographical factors, and technological development, anima\n\nQuestion:\nBased on the passage, what is the main difference between subsistence agriculture and hunting and gathering?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Subsistence agriculture relies on domesticated plants and animals while hunting and gathering uses wild resources\nG. Subsistence agriculture is practiced in harsh climates while hunting and gathering is found in temperate zones.\nE. Subsistence agriculture requires complex technology while hunting and gathering utilizes simple tools.\nP. Subsistence agriculture is more environmentally sustainable than hunting and gathering"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Radioactive isotopes have the same chemical properties as stable isotopes of the same element. still, how is radioactive isotope different from stable isotopes?

Choices:
N. they absorb radiation
S. they emit magnetism
G. they emit radiation
P. they absorb light

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Radioactive isotopes have the same chemical properties as stable isotopes of the same element. still, how is radioactive isotope different from stable isotopes?\n\nChoices:\nN. they absorb radiation\nS. they emit magnetism\nG. they emit radiation\nP. they absorb light"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Radioactive isotopes have the same chemical properties as stable isotopes of the same element, but they emit radiation, which can be detected. If we replace one (or more) atom(s) with radioisotope(s) in a compound, we can track them by monitoring their radioactive emissions. This type of compound is called a radioactive tracer (or radioactive label). Radioisotopes are used to follow the paths of biochemical reactions or to determine how a substance is distributed within an organism. Radioactive "}


Prompt:
Closely associated with "work", what is characterized by its many forms and the fact that it is conserved?

Choices:
P. fuel
O. heating
A. matter
B. energy

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Closely associated with \"work\", what is characterized by its many forms and the fact that it is conserved?\n\nChoices:\nP. fuel\nO. heating\nA. matter\nB. energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources Energy plays an essential role both in everyday events and in scientific phenomena. You can no doubt name many forms of energy, from that provided by our foods, to the energy we use to run our cars, to the sunlight that warms us on the beach. You can also cite examples of what people call energy that may not be scientific, such as someone having an energetic personality. Not only does energy have many interesting forms, it is involved in almost "}


Prompt:
Which stage of development is a period during which apoptosis is widespread and plays a crucial role?

Choices:
I. transgenic
A. puberty
D. embryonic
O. infancy

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which stage of development is a period during which apoptosis is widespread and plays a crucial role?\n\nChoices:\nI. transgenic\nA. puberty\nD. embryonic\nO. infancy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves, which can be used to treat cancer?

Choices:
J. gamma rays
H. infrared
M. X-ray
S. ultraviolet

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves, which can be used to treat cancer?\n\nChoices:\nJ. gamma rays\nH. infrared\nM. X-ray\nS. ultraviolet"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Gamma rays are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves. They can pass through most materials, including bones and teeth. Nonetheless, even these waves are useful. For example, they can be used to treat cancer. A medical device sends gamma rays the site of the cancer, and the rays destroy the cancerous cells. If you want to learn more about gamma rays, watch the video at the URL below."}


Prompt:
What is an area in a body of water where nothing grows because there is too little oxygen known as?

Choices:
Q. cold zone
H. dead zone
S. missing zone
E. deceased zone

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an area in a body of water where nothing grows because there is too little oxygen known as?\n\nChoices:\nQ. cold zone\nH. dead zone\nS. missing zone\nE. deceased zone"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil. Runoff carries it away. The fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, from ponds to oceans. The nitrogen is a fertilizer in the water bodies. Since there is a lot of nitrogen it causes algae to grow out of control. Figure below shows a pond covered with algae. Algae may use up so much oxygen in the water that nothing else can grow. Soon, even the algae die out. Decomposers break down the dead tissue and use up all the oxygen in the water. This creates a dead z"}


Prompt:
Gills are used by what for breathing water?

Choices:
H. marlins
K. goats
D. eagles
Q. zebras

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Gills are used by what for breathing water?\n\nChoices:\nH. marlins\nK. goats\nD. eagles\nQ. zebras"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
A prokaryote is a simple, mostly single-celled organism that lacks what key organelle?

Choices:
Q. ribosome
M. nucleus
H. chloroplast
F. golgi apparatus

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "A prokaryote is a simple, mostly single-celled organism that lacks what key organelle?\n\nChoices:\nQ. ribosome\nM. nucleus\nH. chloroplast\nF. golgi apparatus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "are found; 3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and 4) ribosomes, which synthesize proteins. However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotic cells in several ways. A prokaryote is a simple, mostly single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. We will shortly come to see that this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is found in a central part of the cell: the nucleoid (Figure 4.5)."}


Prompt:
The different types of nuclei are referred to as what?

Choices:
N. rhizomes
L. nuclides
K. organelles
A. atoms

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The different types of nuclei are referred to as what?\n\nChoices:\nN. rhizomes\nL. nuclides\nK. organelles\nA. atoms"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Although the hydrogen nucleus consists of a single proton, the nuclei of all other elements contain both neutrons and protons. The different types of nuclei are referred to as nuclides . The number of protons in a nucleus is called the atomic number and is designated by the symbol . The total number of nucleons, neutrons and protons, is designated by the symbol and is called the mass number . A nuclide with 7 protons and 8 neutrons thus has and . The number of neutrons, , is . To specify a given"}


Prompt:
Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will do what?

Choices:
O. osmosis
K. normal osmosis
F. ultrafiltration
T. reverse osmosis

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will do what?\n\nChoices:\nO. osmosis\nK. normal osmosis\nF. ultrafiltration\nT. reverse osmosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Figure 11.26 Applying a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of a solution will reverse osmosis. Solvent molecules from the solution are pushed into the pure solvent."}


Prompt:
What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

Choices:
E. They have no way of controlling their tonicity.
N. Their bodies tend to take in too much water.
L. Only salt water poses problems for animals that live in it.
R. Their bodies tend to lose too much water to their environment.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?\n\nChoices:\nE. They have no way of controlling their tonicity.\nN. Their bodies tend to take in too much water.\nL. Only salt water poses problems for animals that live in it.\nR. Their bodies tend to lose too much water to their environment."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1023, "id": 1023, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed?

Choices:
C. viscosity
N. solubility
D. acidity
B. elasticity

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed?\n\nChoices:\nC. viscosity\nN. solubility\nD. acidity\nB. elasticity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. Elastic force is the counter force that resists the stretching or compressing of an elastic material."}


Prompt:
What keeps glaciers from forming in water?

Choices:
J. skin
P. salt
O. movement
B. warmth

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What keeps glaciers from forming in water?\n\nChoices:\nJ. skin\nP. salt\nO. movement\nB. warmth"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Glaciers form only on land because water is too warm. When a glacier flows into water, it usually breaks up into icebergs. Those icebergs eventually melt into the water."}


Prompt:
An alpha particle, which is relatively large and easily stopped by matter, is a type of what?

Choices:
F. plant emission
O. radioactive emission
J. free emission
G. waste emission

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "An alpha particle, which is relatively large and easily stopped by matter, is a type of what?\n\nChoices:\nF. plant emission\nO. radioactive emission\nJ. free emission\nG. waste emission"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Alpha, beta, and gamma emissions have different abilities to penetrate matter. The relatively large alpha particle is easily stopped by matter (although it may impart a significant amount of energy to the matter it contacts). Beta particles penetrate slightly into matter, perhaps a few centimeters at most. Gamma rays can penetrate deeply into matter and can impart a large amount of energy into the surrounding matter. Table 11.1 \"The Three Main Forms of Radioactive Emissions\" summarizes the prope"}


Prompt:
What is the term for growing towards gravity?

Choices:
L. geotropism
E. pollenation
S. surviving
K. spirogyra

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for growing towards gravity?\n\nChoices:\nL. geotropism\nE. pollenation\nS. surviving\nK. spirogyra"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "As you read earlier in this chapter, plant roots always grow downward because specialized cells in root caps detect and respond to gravity. This is an example of a tropism. A tropism is a turning toward or away from a stimulus in the environment. Growing toward gravity is called geotropism. Plants also exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source. This response is controlled by a plant growth hormone called auxin. As shown in Figure below , auxin stimulates cells on the dark side of a "}


Prompt:
What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis?

Choices:
L. chloride
C. sugar
B. glucose
P. insulin

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis?\n\nChoices:\nL. chloride\nC. sugar\nB. glucose\nP. insulin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body."}


Prompt:
Which area in a lake is likely to have more nutrients?

Choices:
Q. surface
E. reef
R. bottom
D. crust

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which area in a lake is likely to have more nutrients?\n\nChoices:\nQ. surface\nE. reef\nR. bottom\nD. crust"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Water near the bottom of lakes and the ocean may contain more nutrients than water closer to the surface. When aquatic organisms die, they sink to the bottom. Decomposers near the bottom of the water break down the dead organisms and release their nutrients back into the water."}


Prompt:
Spiders can catch prey by doing all aside from

Choices:
G. building traps
J. building webs
Q. howling
I. hunting

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Spiders can catch prey by doing all aside from\n\nChoices:\nG. building traps\nJ. building webs\nQ. howling\nI. hunting"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What was the purpose of United Nations Security Council resolution 830 adopted on 26 May 1993?

Choices:
I. To support the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) in achieving a durable and just peace in the Middle East.
M. To provide humanitarian aid and support to refugees in the Middle East region.
A. To establish economic sanctions against countries supporting terrorism in the Middle East.
T. To address climate change issues in the Middle East and promote renewable energy solutions.
O. To devise a plan for the division of territories in the Middle East based on ethnic and religious groups.

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the purpose of United Nations Security Council resolution 830 adopted on 26 May 1993?\n\nChoices:\nI. To support the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) in achieving a durable and just peace in the Middle East.\nM. To provide humanitarian aid and support to refugees in the Middle East region.\nA. To establish economic sanctions against countries supporting terrorism in the Middle East.\nT. To address climate change issues in the Middle East and promote renewable energy solutions.\nO. To devise a plan for the division of territories in the Middle East based on ethnic and religious groups."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
A dart frog is eaten by a pelican, who promptly

Choices:
O. eats birds
A. flies home
J. passes away
R. wakes up

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "A dart frog is eaten by a pelican, who promptly\n\nChoices:\nO. eats birds\nA. flies home\nJ. passes away\nR. wakes up"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Being stronger has what impact on a creatures health?

Choices:
L. bad impact
J. unexpected complications
Q. minimum effect
N. good influence

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Being stronger has what impact on a creatures health?\n\nChoices:\nL. bad impact\nJ. unexpected complications\nQ. minimum effect\nN. good influence"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Where do physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling?

Choices:
T. ecosystems
O. environments
N. oceans
L. habitats

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where do physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling?\n\nChoices:\nT. ecosystems\nO. environments\nN. oceans\nL. habitats"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "55.1 Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems."}


Prompt:
A young boy decides that he likes dogs better than he likes cats. A reason for this may be that

Choices:
T. his parents are cats
I. his parents only have dogs
O. his parents hate dogs
S. his dogs are cats

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "A young boy decides that he likes dogs better than he likes cats. A reason for this may be that\n\nChoices:\nT. his parents are cats\nI. his parents only have dogs\nO. his parents hate dogs\nS. his dogs are cats"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What is the study of ecosystems?

Choices:
J. botany
H. ecology
B. physics
T. geology

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the study of ecosystems?\n\nChoices:\nJ. botany\nH. ecology\nB. physics\nT. geology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Ecology is the study of ecosystems. An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving components of the habitat. Whereas nutrients and certain elements are recycled through ecosystems, energy moves in just one direction. Many interactions among species within an ecosystem are centered around the flow of energy. The formation of ecosystems, from new land to current habitats, is usually based on the pioneer species, and these species are able to live in an area due to the nonliving factors, su"}


Prompt:
When blood passes thru the primary element of the respiratory system it's diffused with

Choices:
J. an element released by plants
T. a compound released by the burning of fossil fuels
R. the first element on the periodic chart
C. a compound used by plants

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "When blood passes thru the primary element of the respiratory system it's diffused with\n\nChoices:\nJ. an element released by plants\nT. a compound released by the burning of fossil fuels\nR. the first element on the periodic chart\nC. a compound used by plants"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Reactants are substances that start what?

Choices:
Q. chemical reaction
S. growth reaction
G. dying reaction
T. consumption reaction

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Reactants are substances that start what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. chemical reaction\nS. growth reaction\nG. dying reaction\nT. consumption reaction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Reactants are substances that start a chemical reaction."}


Prompt:
Which of these allows humans to walk around?

Choices:
T. glucose
H. sand
C. magic
A. luck

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of these allows humans to walk around?\n\nChoices:\nT. glucose\nH. sand\nC. magic\nA. luck"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Context:
Have you ever given a thought to the fact that the note book you use for writing has come to you
after a long process of manufacturing. It started its life as part of a tree. It was cut down and
transported to the pulp mill. There the wood of the tree was processed and converted into wood
pulp. The wood pulp was mixed with chemicals and finally changed into paper by machines.
This paper found its way to the press where ink made from chemicals was used to print the lines
on the pages. The pages were then bound in the form of a note book, packed and sent to the
market for sale. Finally, it reached your hands. Secondary activities or manufacturing change
raw materials into products of more value to people. As you have seen pulp was changed into
paper and paper into a note book. These represent the two stages of the manufacturing
process. The paper made from pulp and cloth made from cotton have had value added to them
at each stage of the manufacturing process. In this way the finished product has more value and
utility than the raw material that it is made from. Industry refers to an economic activity that is
concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. Thus we
have iron and steel industry (production of goods), coal mining industry (extraction of coal) and
tourism industry (service provider). Classification of Industries Industries can be classified on the
basis of raw materials, size and ownership. Raw Materials: Industries may be agro based,
mineral based, marine based and forest based depending on the type of raw materials they use.
Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. Food
processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of
agro-based industries. Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as
their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron
ore is the product of mineral based industry. This is used as raw material for the manufacture of
a number of other products, such as heavy machinery, building materials and railway coaches.
Marine based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Industries
processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples. Forest based industries
utilise forest produce as raw materials. The industries associated with forests are pulp and
paper, pharmaceuticals, furniture and buildings. Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested,
number of people employed and the volume of production. Based on size, industries can be
classified into small scale and large scale industries. Cottage or household industries are a type
of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. Basket
weaving, pottery and other handicrafts are examples of cottage industry. Small scale industries
use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industri

Question:
What is the term for the final products and the income generated by an industry?

Choices:
F. Resources
H. Inputs
I. Outputs
N. Processes

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nHave you ever given a thought to the fact that the note book you use for writing has come to you\nafter a long process of manufacturing. It started its life as part of a tree. It was cut down and\ntransported to the pulp mill. There the wood of the tree was processed and converted into wood\npulp. The wood pulp was mixed with chemicals and finally changed into paper by machines.\nThis paper found its way to the press where ink made from chemicals was used to print the lines\non the pages. The pages were then bound in the form of a note book, packed and sent to the\nmarket for sale. Finally, it reached your hands. Secondary activities or manufacturing change\nraw materials into products of more value to people. As you have seen pulp was changed into\npaper and paper into a note book. These represent the two stages of the manufacturing\nprocess. The paper made from pulp and cloth made from cotton have had value added to them\nat each stage of the manufacturing process. In this way the finished product has more value and\nutility than the raw material that it is made from. Industry refers to an economic activity that is\nconcerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. Thus we\nhave iron and steel industry (production of goods), coal mining industry (extraction of coal) and\ntourism industry (service provider). Classification of Industries Industries can be classified on the\nbasis of raw materials, size and ownership. Raw Materials: Industries may be agro based,\nmineral based, marine based and forest based depending on the type of raw materials they use.\nAgro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. Food\nprocessing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of\nagro-based industries. Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as\ntheir raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron\nore is the product of mineral based industry. This is used as raw material for the manufacture of\na number of other products, such as heavy machinery, building materials and railway coaches.\nMarine based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Industries\nprocessing sea food or manufacturing fish oil are some examples. Forest based industries\nutilise forest produce as raw materials. The industries associated with forests are pulp and\npaper, pharmaceuticals, furniture and buildings. Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested,\nnumber of people employed and the volume of production. Based on size, industries can be\nclassified into small scale and large scale industries. Cottage or household industries are a type\nof small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. Basket\nweaving, pottery and other handicrafts are examples of cottage industry. Small scale industries\nuse lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industri\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the term for the final products and the income generated by an industry?\n\nChoices:\nF. Resources\nH. Inputs\nI. Outputs\nN. Processes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the number of covalent bonds an atom can form?

Choices:
M. valence
G. gradient
N. atomic number
F. covalent number

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the number of covalent bonds an atom can form?\n\nChoices:\nM. valence\nG. gradient\nN. atomic number\nF. covalent number"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
Were the situation to be that all zebra were sterile,

Choices:
I. zebra would have babies
L. zebra would be endangered
D. zebra would be overpopulated
J. zebra would die out

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Were the situation to be that all zebra were sterile,\n\nChoices:\nI. zebra would have babies\nL. zebra would be endangered\nD. zebra would be overpopulated\nJ. zebra would die out"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Receptors for what sense are located within sensory hairs on the feet of insects, as well as in mouthparts?

Choices:
Q. touch
P. sight
S. smell
H. taste

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Receptors for what sense are located within sensory hairs on the feet of insects, as well as in mouthparts?\n\nChoices:\nQ. touch\nP. sight\nS. smell\nH. taste"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What is the largest known virus?

Choices:
P. pneumonia virus
T. mimivirus
J. influenza virus
D. polyomavirus

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the largest known virus?\n\nChoices:\nP. pneumonia virus\nT. mimivirus\nJ. influenza virus\nD. polyomavirus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "The largest known virus, called mimivirus, is so large that scientists first mistook it for a bacterium. It was first discovered in amoeba, in 1992, and was identified as a virus in 2003. Scientists believe that mimivirus may cause certain types of pneumonia in humans. The core contains DNA, with the majority of the DNA in genes, and only 10% DNA of unknown function (\"junk\" DNA)."}


Prompt:
All of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that consume or generate energy, are referred to as what?

Choices:
B. genetic metabolism
L. particles ' s metabolism
C. cell ' s metabolism
I. slowed metabolism

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "All of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that consume or generate energy, are referred to as what?\n\nChoices:\nB. genetic metabolism\nL. particles ' s metabolism\nC. cell ' s metabolism\nI. slowed metabolism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "4.1 | Energy and Metabolism By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain what metabolic pathways are • State the first and second laws of thermodynamics • Explain the difference between kinetic and potential energy • Describe endergonic and exergonic reactions • Discuss how enzymes function as molecular catalysts Scientists use the term bioenergetics to describe the concept of energy flow (Figure 4.2) through living systems, such as cells. Cellular processes such as the building an"}


Prompt:
A fire starts in a wide, open field and catches onto a forest. The fire started even though people were far away from the woods. A potential cause for the start of it could have been

Choices:
G. wind
S. stones
I. storms
D. sand

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "A fire starts in a wide, open field and catches onto a forest. The fire started even though people were far away from the woods. A potential cause for the start of it could have been\n\nChoices:\nG. wind\nS. stones\nI. storms\nD. sand"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
You can make an untraceable bullet with

Choices:
M. metal
L. frozen water
P. alloys
J. lead

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "You can make an untraceable bullet with\n\nChoices:\nM. metal\nL. frozen water\nP. alloys\nJ. lead"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Scientists use seismographs and intersecting circles to determine the location of what?

Choices:
K. hurricane
E. volcano
B. tsunami
I. earthquake epicenter

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Scientists use seismographs and intersecting circles to determine the location of what?\n\nChoices:\nK. hurricane\nE. volcano\nB. tsunami\nI. earthquake epicenter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Next, the seismologists try to determine the location of the earthquake epicenter. To do this they need the distances to the epicenter from at least three seismographs. Let's say that they know that an earthquake's epicenter is 50 kilometers from Kansas City. They draw a circle with a 50 km radius around that seismic station. They do this twice more around two different seismic stations. The three circles intersect at a single point. This is the earthquake's epicenter ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
What is process of producing eggs in the ovary called?

Choices:
Q. menstruation
O. oogenesis
K. morphogenesis
S. vaginalis

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is process of producing eggs in the ovary called?\n\nChoices:\nQ. menstruation\nO. oogenesis\nK. morphogenesis\nS. vaginalis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The process of producing eggs in the ovary is called oogenesis . Eggs, like sperm, are haploid cells, and their production occurs in several steps that involve different types of cells, as shown in Figure below . You can follow the process of oogenesis in the figure as you read about it below."}


Prompt:
Rabbits consume

Choices:
L. verdant organisms that grow from the ground
M. verdant fish that swim through the sea
O. verdant animals that fly from the sky
G. verdant monkeys that swing from the trees

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Rabbits consume\n\nChoices:\nL. verdant organisms that grow from the ground\nM. verdant fish that swim through the sea\nO. verdant animals that fly from the sky\nG. verdant monkeys that swing from the trees"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What time are you most likely to see a rainbow

Choices:
D. 9:00 P.M.
F. 10:00 A.M.
P. 3 A.M.
H. Midnight

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What time are you most likely to see a rainbow\n\nChoices:\nD. 9:00 P.M.\nF. 10:00 A.M.\nP. 3 A.M.\nH. Midnight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What heavenly object is closer to the planet where the TV was invented?

Choices:
A. Jupiter
K. Moon
N. Sun
H. Saturn

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What heavenly object is closer to the planet where the TV was invented?\n\nChoices:\nA. Jupiter\nK. Moon\nN. Sun\nH. Saturn"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What part of a plant is the food making factory?

Choices:
N. the growing tips
Q. the main stem
I. the roots
P. the leaves

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What part of a plant is the food making factory?\n\nChoices:\nN. the growing tips\nQ. the main stem\nI. the roots\nP. the leaves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in this?

Choices:
I. cornea
H. retina
S. sclera
G. pupil

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in this?\n\nChoices:\nI. cornea\nH. retina\nS. sclera\nG. pupil"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Anatomy of the Eye The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in the retina (shown in Figure 36.17) on the inner surface of the back of the eye. But light does not impinge on the retina unaltered. It passes through other layers that process it so that it can be interpreted by the retina (Figure 36.17b). The cornea, the front transparent layer of the eye, and the crystalline lens, a transparent convex structure behind the cornea, both "}


Prompt:
An island can sprout up from seemingly suddenly because

Choices:
M. lava is hot enough to burn
K. underwater volcanoes are invisible
H. volcanoes have a lot of magma
T. underwater volcanoes are hidden

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "An island can sprout up from seemingly suddenly because\n\nChoices:\nM. lava is hot enough to burn\nK. underwater volcanoes are invisible\nH. volcanoes have a lot of magma\nT. underwater volcanoes are hidden"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What position did Ana María Oramas González-Moro hold from 1999 to 2008?

Choices:
L. Minister of Education in the Canary Islands.
I. Mayor of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
M. Member of the Congress of Deputies for Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
C. Member of the Senate.
K. Mayor of San Cristóbal de La Laguna.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What position did Ana María Oramas González-Moro hold from 1999 to 2008?\n\nChoices:\nL. Minister of Education in the Canary Islands.\nI. Mayor of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.\nM. Member of the Congress of Deputies for Santa Cruz de Tenerife.\nC. Member of the Senate.\nK. Mayor of San Cristóbal de La Laguna."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Which bat has big ears?

Choices:
L. Big brown bat
K. Long-eared bat
S. Silver-haired bat
D. Little brown bat

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which bat has big ears?\n\nChoices:\nL. Big brown bat\nK. Long-eared bat\nS. Silver-haired bat\nD. Little brown bat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"id": 32073455, "title": "List of mammals of Grand Teton National Park", "grade_level": "grade 1 and 2", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
If you wanted to be outside in the daylight for the longest period when would be worst?

Choices:
C. August
I. April
S. June
E. January

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "If you wanted to be outside in the daylight for the longest period when would be worst?\n\nChoices:\nC. August\nI. April\nS. June\nE. January"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Pure substances have a constant composition and can only be changed by what?

Choices:
O. chemical reactions
T. carbon reactions
D. growth
N. radiation

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Pure substances have a constant composition and can only be changed by what?\n\nChoices:\nO. chemical reactions\nT. carbon reactions\nD. growth\nN. radiation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Pure substances have a constant composition and can only be changed by chemical reactions. They can be classified as either elements or compounds."}


Prompt:
What do birds do in mating season?

Choices:
I. pair up with the same bird
B. find many mates
C. reproduce asexually
G. migrate

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do birds do in mating season?\n\nChoices:\nI. pair up with the same bird\nB. find many mates\nC. reproduce asexually\nG. migrate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Yes. Birds do actually pair up each mating season, if not for life. And the male better be prepared to treat his female properly. There is actually an elaborate process in which the female chooses her mate."}


Prompt:
Which of the following is the best definition of generation time in a bacterium?

Choices:
F. the time it takes to reach stationary phase
M. the length of time of the exponential phase
B. the length of time it takes for a population of cells to double
J. the length of time it takes to reach the log phase

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is the best definition of generation time in a bacterium?\n\nChoices:\nF. the time it takes to reach stationary phase\nM. the length of time of the exponential phase\nB. the length of time it takes for a population of cells to double\nJ. the length of time it takes to reach the log phase"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 184, "id": 184, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
How much of its alleles does a plant pass on when it reproduces sexually?

Choices:
I. all
H. none
B. half
C. a quarter

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "How much of its alleles does a plant pass on when it reproduces sexually?\n\nChoices:\nI. all\nH. none\nB. half\nC. a quarter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is the main contribution of Tamir Gonen in the field of structural biology and electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM)?

Choices:
A. Tamir Gonen is primarily known for his work in membrane biochemistry and the study of membrane proteins.
D. Tamir Gonen has made significant advancements in the field of membrane biophysics and the understanding of cell membranes.
S. Tamir Gonen is best known for his contributions to electron crystallography of 2D crystals and the development of 3D electron crystallography.
G. Tamir Gonen is widely recognized for his research on the structural biology of proteins and their interactions.
F. Tamir Gonen is renowned for his investigations on microscopic crystals and their applications in various scientific disciplines.

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main contribution of Tamir Gonen in the field of structural biology and electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM)?\n\nChoices:\nA. Tamir Gonen is primarily known for his work in membrane biochemistry and the study of membrane proteins.\nD. Tamir Gonen has made significant advancements in the field of membrane biophysics and the understanding of cell membranes.\nS. Tamir Gonen is best known for his contributions to electron crystallography of 2D crystals and the development of 3D electron crystallography.\nG. Tamir Gonen is widely recognized for his research on the structural biology of proteins and their interactions.\nF. Tamir Gonen is renowned for his investigations on microscopic crystals and their applications in various scientific disciplines."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What do the terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to?

Choices:
I. gender
E. none of the above
L. both sex and gender
F. sex

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do the terms \"masculine\" and \"feminine\" refer to?\n\nChoices:\nI. gender\nE. none of the above\nL. both sex and gender\nF. sex"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3123, "id": 3123, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the term for the strength of an acid or base?

Choices:
M. carbon
P. pH
F. acidity
R. texture

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the strength of an acid or base?\n\nChoices:\nM. carbon\nP. pH\nF. acidity\nR. texture"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "The strength of an acid or base is called acidity. It depends on how much of the substance breaks down into ions when it dissolves in water."}


Prompt:
Climate change has sped up dramatically because

Choices:
N. oxygen levels have spiked
P. CO2 production has accelerated
M. a rapid decline the production of carbon dioxide
H. Fe has been present in an overabundance

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Climate change has sped up dramatically because\n\nChoices:\nN. oxygen levels have spiked\nP. CO2 production has accelerated\nM. a rapid decline the production of carbon dioxide\nH. Fe has been present in an overabundance"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
scientists make observations and cats

Choices:
F. regurgitate their cleanings
D. cook spaghetti
S. fly
I. never sleep

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "scientists make observations and cats\n\nChoices:\nF. regurgitate their cleanings\nD. cook spaghetti\nS. fly\nI. never sleep"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a manufacturing business?

Choices:
J. the provision of intangible goods and services
K. the purchase and resale of finished products
R. the production of products from raw materials
F. both the provision of services and the sale of finished goods

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a manufacturing business?\n\nChoices:\nJ. the provision of intangible goods and services\nK. the purchase and resale of finished products\nR. the production of products from raw materials\nF. both the provision of services and the sale of finished goods"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 53, "id": 53, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Where is the youngest seafloor located?

Choices:
P. at the reefs
G. at the ridge
Q. at the base
E. at the floor

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the youngest seafloor located?\n\nChoices:\nP. at the reefs\nG. at the ridge\nQ. at the base\nE. at the floor"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "The youngest seafloor is at the ridge. The oldest is farthest from the ridge. The oldest seafloor is much younger than the oldest continent."}


Prompt:
Adding salt to liquid decreases what?

Choices:
B. thawing temp
I. light
N. energy
J. magnetism

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Adding salt to liquid decreases what?\n\nChoices:\nB. thawing temp\nI. light\nN. energy\nJ. magnetism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is the sticky, moist substance that covers mucous membranes called?

Choices:
D. saliva
E. pus
R. phlegm
T. mucus

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the sticky, moist substance that covers mucous membranes called?\n\nChoices:\nD. saliva\nE. pus\nR. phlegm\nT. mucus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "One defense of mucous membranes is the mucus they release. Mucus is a sticky, moist substance that covers mucous membranes. Most pathogens get stuck in the mucus before they can do harm to the body. Many mucous membranes also have cilia. Cilia in the lungs are pictured below ( Figure below ). Cilia are tiny finger-like projections. They move in waves and sweep mucus and trapped pathogens toward body openings. When you clear your throat or blow your nose, you remove mucus and pathogens from your "}


Prompt:
What does the pull of the moon's gravity on earth cause?

Choices:
S. earthquakes
Q. waves
A. storms
H. tides

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the pull of the moon's gravity on earth cause?\n\nChoices:\nS. earthquakes\nQ. waves\nA. storms\nH. tides"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Figure below shows why tides occur. The main cause of tides is the pull of the Moon's gravity on Earth. The pull is greatest on whatever is closest to the Moon. Although the gravity pulls the land, only the water can move. As a result:."}


Prompt:
What will a fertilized ovule develop into?

Choices:
M. a gonad
N. a spermazoa
K. a spore
J. a seed

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What will a fertilized ovule develop into?\n\nChoices:\nM. a gonad\nN. a spermazoa\nK. a spore\nJ. a seed"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Which way does an electric charge always move from?

Choices:
G. like to like
H. higher to lower
N. diagonally
M. low to high

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which way does an electric charge always move from?\n\nChoices:\nG. like to like\nH. higher to lower\nN. diagonally\nM. low to high"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "An electric charge flows when it has electric potential energy due to its position in an electric field. An electric charge always moves spontaneously from a position of higher to lower potential energy."}


Prompt:
As the pull of gravity decreases air molecules

Choices:
A. disperse
J. party
R. explode
H. crowd together

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "As the pull of gravity decreases air molecules\n\nChoices:\nA. disperse\nJ. party\nR. explode\nH. crowd together"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What system consists of neurons that carry signals to skeletal muscles?

Choices:
M. motor system
A. circulatory system
K. endocrine system
B. nervous system

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What system consists of neurons that carry signals to skeletal muscles?\n\nChoices:\nM. motor system\nA. circulatory system\nK. endocrine system\nB. nervous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
Lighting a candle will cause the candle to

Choices:
K. petrify
N. combust
G. float
M. yell

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Lighting a candle will cause the candle to\n\nChoices:\nK. petrify\nN. combust\nG. float\nM. yell"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the only way to transfer thermal energy without matter?

Choices:
H. osmosis
M. radiation
F. ultraviolet light
N. evaporation

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the only way to transfer thermal energy without matter?\n\nChoices:\nH. osmosis\nM. radiation\nF. ultraviolet light\nN. evaporation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Thermal radiation is one of three ways that thermal energy can be transferred. The other two ways are conduction and convection, both of which need matter to transfer energy. Radiation is the only way of transferring thermal energy that doesn't require matter. To learn more about thermal radiation, watch \"Radiation\" at the URL below."}


Prompt:
What is the primary theme explored in Rosemary Clooney's studio album "Mothers & Daughters"?

Choices:
F. The primary theme explored in "Mothers & Daughters" is the complex dynamic between mothers and daughters.
R. The primary theme explored in "Mothers & Daughters" is the celebration of feminine empowerment and independence.
L. The primary theme explored in "Mothers & Daughters" is the exploration of different stages of womanhood.
B. The primary theme explored in "Mothers & Daughters" is the bond between sisters and sibling relationships.
G. The primary theme explored in "Mothers & Daughters" is the challenges of motherhood and the joys of raising children.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the primary theme explored in Rosemary Clooney's studio album \"Mothers & Daughters\"?\n\nChoices:\nF. The primary theme explored in \"Mothers & Daughters\" is the complex dynamic between mothers and daughters.\nR. The primary theme explored in \"Mothers & Daughters\" is the celebration of feminine empowerment and independence.\nL. The primary theme explored in \"Mothers & Daughters\" is the exploration of different stages of womanhood.\nB. The primary theme explored in \"Mothers & Daughters\" is the bond between sisters and sibling relationships.\nG. The primary theme explored in \"Mothers & Daughters\" is the challenges of motherhood and the joys of raising children."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
When gasoline is burned, what pollutant is produced?

Choices:
B. oxygen
H. fluorocarbons
D. carbon dioxide
F. methane

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "When gasoline is burned, what pollutant is produced?\n\nChoices:\nB. oxygen\nH. fluorocarbons\nD. carbon dioxide\nF. methane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Using gasoline to power automobiles affects the environment. The exhaust fumes from burning gasoline cause air pollution. These pollutants include smog and ground-level ozone. Air pollution is a big problem for cities where large numbers of people drive every day. Burning gasoline also produces carbon dioxide. This is a greenhouse gas and is a cause of global warming. Similar pollutants come from other forms of oil."}


Prompt:
What is Love and Glamour?

Choices:
Q. Love and Glamour is a women's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez.
M. Love and Glamour is a celebrity-endorsed fragrance that is widely recognized as a men's cologne.
K. Love and Glamour is a men's eau de parfum fragrance endorsed by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez.
J. Love and Glamour is a fragrance line that includes both men's and women's eau de parfum and eau de toilette options.
R. Love and Glamour is a unisex fragrance endorsed by various American entertainers.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Love and Glamour?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Love and Glamour is a women's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez.\nM. Love and Glamour is a celebrity-endorsed fragrance that is widely recognized as a men's cologne.\nK. Love and Glamour is a men's eau de parfum fragrance endorsed by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez.\nJ. Love and Glamour is a fragrance line that includes both men's and women's eau de parfum and eau de toilette options.\nR. Love and Glamour is a unisex fragrance endorsed by various American entertainers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics rises, the ability of medical professionals to

Choices:
D. treat problems of the digestive system in humans will increase
C. treat non-bacterial infections in humans will decrease
I. treat bacterial-related conditions in humans will decrease
M. prescribe anti-anxiety and sleep aids will increase

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "As bacterial resistance to antibiotics rises, the ability of medical professionals to\n\nChoices:\nD. treat problems of the digestive system in humans will increase\nC. treat non-bacterial infections in humans will decrease\nI. treat bacterial-related conditions in humans will decrease\nM. prescribe anti-anxiety and sleep aids will increase"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What term refers to any method of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form?

Choices:
L. carbon transfer
I. carbon footprint
D. carbon sequestration
J. carbon metamorphosis

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term refers to any method of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form?\n\nChoices:\nL. carbon transfer\nI. carbon footprint\nD. carbon sequestration\nJ. carbon metamorphosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Carbon sequestration is any way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form. Carbon is sequestered naturally by forests. Trees take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Artificial methods of sequestering carbon underground are being researched."}


Prompt:
What is the habitat of Homonota horrida, also known as the South American marked gecko?

Choices:
J. The South American marked gecko can be found across all South American countries.
R. The South American marked gecko is indigenous to Bolivia and Ecuador.
H. The South American marked gecko is commonly seen in Peru and Colombia.
G. The South American marked gecko inhabits Argentina and Paraguay.
F. The South American marked gecko can be found in Brazil and Uruguay.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the habitat of Homonota horrida, also known as the South American marked gecko?\n\nChoices:\nJ. The South American marked gecko can be found across all South American countries.\nR. The South American marked gecko is indigenous to Bolivia and Ecuador.\nH. The South American marked gecko is commonly seen in Peru and Colombia.\nG. The South American marked gecko inhabits Argentina and Paraguay.\nF. The South American marked gecko can be found in Brazil and Uruguay."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What do we call the microflora that aid in the digestion process?

Choices:
P. tissue flora
G. stomach flora
T. intestinal flora
A. digestive flora

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call the microflora that aid in the digestion process?\n\nChoices:\nP. tissue flora\nG. stomach flora\nT. intestinal flora\nA. digestive flora"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Elimination The final step in digestion is the elimination of undigested food content and waste products. The undigested food material enters the colon, where most of the water is reabsorbed. Recall that the colon is also home to the microflora called \"intestinal flora\" that aid in the digestion process. The semi-solid waste is moved through the colon by peristaltic movements of the muscle and is stored in the rectum. As the rectum expands in response to storage of fecal matter, it triggers the "}


Prompt:
What part of the ear is often described as a bony labyrinth?

Choices:
H. embedded ear
D. solid ear
C. outer ear
N. inner ear

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What part of the ear is often described as a bony labyrinth?\n\nChoices:\nH. embedded ear\nD. solid ear\nC. outer ear\nN. inner ear"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The inner ear is often described as a bony labyrinth, as it is composed of a series of canals embedded within the temporal bone. It has two separate regions, the cochlea and the vestibule, which are responsible for hearing and balance, respectively. The neural signals from these two regions are relayed to the brain stem through separate fiber bundles. However, these two distinct bundles travel together from the inner ear to the brain stem as the vestibulocochlear nerve. Sound is transduced into "}


Prompt:
In biology, what is required for ecosystems to survive?

Choices:
I. energy
Q. helium
S. minerals
R. space

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "In biology, what is required for ecosystems to survive?\n\nChoices:\nI. energy\nQ. helium\nS. minerals\nR. space"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "In biology, energy is required for ecosystems to survive, as all living organisms need energy. Within an organism, energy is needed for growth and development of a biological cell or an organelle within that cell. Energy is also needed for all biochemical reactions within that cell. Therefore, energy is stored within cells in the chemical bonds of substances such as carbohydrates (including sugars), lipids, and proteins. This energy is released during aerobic respiration."}


Prompt:
Most of the food that they bring to their chicks is very rich in what?

Choices:
Q. proteins
H. lipids
D. glucose
K. grains

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Most of the food that they bring to their chicks is very rich in what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. proteins\nH. lipids\nD. glucose\nK. grains"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
A chipmunk will consume all of these things with just one that it refuses to:

Choices:
D. nuts
R. jerky
B. grapes
F. acorn

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "A chipmunk will consume all of these things with just one that it refuses to:\n\nChoices:\nD. nuts\nR. jerky\nB. grapes\nF. acorn"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
An area of dirt contains large amounts of talc. That means that talc is able to be found in

Choices:
S. shark's stomachs under water
H. strawberries that grow elsewhere
J. strawberries that grow there
L. underwater caves in France

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "An area of dirt contains large amounts of talc. That means that talc is able to be found in\n\nChoices:\nS. shark's stomachs under water\nH. strawberries that grow elsewhere\nJ. strawberries that grow there\nL. underwater caves in France"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Metabolism includes both anabolic and which other reaction?

Choices:
K. catabolic
G. biogenic
F. organic
B. enzymatic

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Metabolism includes both anabolic and which other reaction?\n\nChoices:\nK. catabolic\nG. biogenic\nF. organic\nB. enzymatic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Figure 1.6 Metabolism Anabolic reactions are building reactions, and they consume energy. Catabolic reactions break materials down and release energy. Metabolism includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions."}


Prompt:
What are components of the organization that are demotivating for purposes of performance management known as?

Choices:
P. strategic plans
J. incentives
K. uncontrollable factors
Q. business goals

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are components of the organization that are demotivating for purposes of performance management known as?\n\nChoices:\nP. strategic plans\nJ. incentives\nK. uncontrollable factors\nQ. business goals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 755, "id": 755, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What two things limit primary production in aquatic ecosystems?

Choices:
S. air and light
B. air and nutrients
D. pollution and nutrients
T. light and nutrients

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What two things limit primary production in aquatic ecosystems?\n\nChoices:\nS. air and light\nB. air and nutrients\nD. pollution and nutrients\nT. light and nutrients"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
If a fish lives in water that is very dark, the fish may calibrate its body over time to

Choices:
P. eat more
A. absorb helium
C. turn invisible
B. be blind

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a fish lives in water that is very dark, the fish may calibrate its body over time to\n\nChoices:\nP. eat more\nA. absorb helium\nC. turn invisible\nB. be blind"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Oil is a nonrenewable resource which tells us that when

Choices:
F. the final barrel is gone, there supply is finished
M. it can be remade
S. it can be found in other places
T. there is an endless supply

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Oil is a nonrenewable resource which tells us that when\n\nChoices:\nF. the final barrel is gone, there supply is finished\nM. it can be remade\nS. it can be found in other places\nT. there is an endless supply"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
A body may find its temperature to be lowered after

Choices:
M. the sky stays bright
G. the air becomes arid
K. fluid spreads from pores
H. water is heated up

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "A body may find its temperature to be lowered after\n\nChoices:\nM. the sky stays bright\nG. the air becomes arid\nK. fluid spreads from pores\nH. water is heated up"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
How does the skin eliminates excess water and salts?

Choices:
B. burn
C. sweat
H. itch
O. peel

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "How does the skin eliminates excess water and salts?\n\nChoices:\nB. burn\nC. sweat\nH. itch\nO. peel"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "The skin eliminates excess water and salts in sweat."}


Prompt:
Solid bedrock vibrates less and therefore does less of what to bedrock?

Choices:
J. dampen
I. block
M. damage
R. butress

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Solid bedrock vibrates less and therefore does less of what to bedrock?\n\nChoices:\nJ. dampen\nI. block\nM. damage\nR. butress"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Ground type. Solid bedrock vibrates less than soft sediments, so there is less damage on bedrock. Sometimes sediments become saturated with water. They then undergo liquefaction and become like quicksand ( Figure below ). Soil on a hillside may become a landslide."}


Prompt:
What controls the movements of hands and arms?

Choices:
B. somatic nervous system
K. voluntary nervous system
S. functional nervous system
E. autonomic nervous system

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What controls the movements of hands and arms?\n\nChoices:\nB. somatic nervous system\nK. voluntary nervous system\nS. functional nervous system\nE. autonomic nervous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Scott Schram. The somatic nervous system controls the movements of hands and arms . CC BY 2.0."}


Prompt:
Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period?

Choices:
I. -80 mv
S. -45 mV
C. 0 mV
B. +30 mV

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period?\n\nChoices:\nI. -80 mv\nS. -45 mV\nC. 0 mV\nB. +30 mV"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 944, "id": 944, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
How long did the 2006-07 Australian region cyclone season last?

Choices:
A. 1 July 2007 to 30 April 2007
E. 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007
S. 1 November 2006 to 17 May 2007
P. 17 May 2007 to 30 June 2007
I. 1 November 2006 to 30 April 2007

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "How long did the 2006-07 Australian region cyclone season last?\n\nChoices:\nA. 1 July 2007 to 30 April 2007\nE. 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007\nS. 1 November 2006 to 17 May 2007\nP. 17 May 2007 to 30 June 2007\nI. 1 November 2006 to 30 April 2007"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
migration is when animals travel from the northern most state to Texas during what segment of time?

Choices:
S. spring
C. birds
M. winter
O. lake fronts

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "migration is when animals travel from the northern most state to Texas during what segment of time?\n\nChoices:\nS. spring\nC. birds\nM. winter\nO. lake fronts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
All chemical changes involve a transfer of what?

Choices:
P. energy
H. fuel
S. pressure
G. oxygen

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "All chemical changes involve a transfer of what?\n\nChoices:\nP. energy\nH. fuel\nS. pressure\nG. oxygen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Describe ways protists are important to humans."}


Prompt:
What is the geographical feature that gives its name to the Las Torres metro station in Santiago, Chile?

Choices:
E. Américo Vespucio Avenue
M. Las Torres Avenue
P. Cloverleaf interchange
R. High tension towers
L. Vespucio Sur expressway

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the geographical feature that gives its name to the Las Torres metro station in Santiago, Chile?\n\nChoices:\nE. Américo Vespucio Avenue\nM. Las Torres Avenue\nP. Cloverleaf interchange\nR. High tension towers\nL. Vespucio Sur expressway"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
What is the earth's surface made of?

Choices:
A. Asphalt
O. Aggregate minerals
C. Grass
M. Water

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the earth's surface made of?\n\nChoices:\nA. Asphalt\nO. Aggregate minerals\nC. Grass\nM. Water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
By picking up polypropylene we can make our ecosystem

Choices:
M. dead
G. worse
S. better
C. ugly

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "By picking up polypropylene we can make our ecosystem\n\nChoices:\nM. dead\nG. worse\nS. better\nC. ugly"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What would the constitutional amendment that Kennedy proposed do?

Choices:
P. require all American men to register for the draft
A. make English the official language of the United States
B. provide healthcare for all Americans
T. outlaw poll taxes

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What would the constitutional amendment that Kennedy proposed do?\n\nChoices:\nP. require all American men to register for the draft\nA. make English the official language of the United States\nB. provide healthcare for all Americans\nT. outlaw poll taxes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 547, "id": 547, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
oceans contains most of earth 's

Choices:
G. shoes
C. clouds
T. wet sustenance
D. trees

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "oceans contains most of earth 's\n\nChoices:\nG. shoes\nC. clouds\nT. wet sustenance\nD. trees"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Fragmentation with subsequent regeneration is a method of what, exhibited by animals such as sea stars?

Choices:
F. asexual reproduction
O. microscopic reproduction
T. sexual reproduction
H. bacteria reproduction

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Fragmentation with subsequent regeneration is a method of what, exhibited by animals such as sea stars?\n\nChoices:\nF. asexual reproduction\nO. microscopic reproduction\nT. sexual reproduction\nH. bacteria reproduction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Watch a video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/budding_hydra) of a hydra budding. Fragmentation Fragmentation is the breaking of the body into two parts with subsequent regeneration. If the animal is capable of fragmentation, and the part is big enough, a separate individual will regrow. For example, in many sea stars, asexual reproduction is accomplished by fragmentation. Figure 43.4 illustrates a sea star for which an arm of the individual is broken off and regenerates a new sea star. Fisheries "}


Prompt:
Cocoon creation occurs

Choices:
H. after the chrysalis stage
F. after the cocoon emerging stage
D. after the caterpillar stage
A. after the eggs are laid

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Cocoon creation occurs\n\nChoices:\nH. after the chrysalis stage\nF. after the cocoon emerging stage\nD. after the caterpillar stage\nA. after the eggs are laid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What does our solar system orbit over the course of hundreds of millions of years?

Choices:
B. galactic center
F. volcanic center
P. a black hole
C. retrograde center

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does our solar system orbit over the course of hundreds of millions of years?\n\nChoices:\nB. galactic center\nF. volcanic center\nP. a black hole\nC. retrograde center"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Our solar system orbits the center of the galaxy as the galaxy spins. One orbit of the solar system takes about 225 to 250 million years. The solar system has orbited 20 to 25 times since it formed 4.6 billion years ago."}