Prompt:
How many households are estimated to be living in Tōhoku town in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, as of 31 December 2022 based on the provided Wikipedia excerpt?

Choices:
K. 7269 households
T. 7251 households
I. 7251 households in 7269 households
D. 7269 households in 7251 households
S. 16525 households

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many households are estimated to be living in Tōhoku town in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, as of 31 December 2022 based on the provided Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nK. 7269 households\nT. 7251 households\nI. 7251 households in 7269 households\nD. 7269 households in 7251 households\nS. 16525 households"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
The visible surface of the sun is called what?

Choices:
F. Chromosphere
Q. Radiative Zone
T. Corona
E. photosphere

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The visible surface of the sun is called what?\n\nChoices:\nF. Chromosphere\nQ. Radiative Zone\nT. Corona\nE. photosphere"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun ( Figure below ). It's the part that we see shining. Surprisingly, the photosphere is also one of the coolest layers of the Sun. It is only about 6000 degrees C."}


Prompt:
What was the fate of the German 86th Infantry Division during World War II?

Choices:
O. The German 86th Infantry Division was restructured as an armored division in 1942.
K. The German 86th Infantry Division was merged with another division to form a new unit in 1944.
R. The German 86th Infantry Division played a key role in the Battle of Kursk.
D. The German 86th Infantry Division remained active until the end of the war, participating in various military campaigns.
S. The German 86th Infantry Division was disbanded on 3 November 1943.

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the fate of the German 86th Infantry Division during World War II?\n\nChoices:\nO. The German 86th Infantry Division was restructured as an armored division in 1942.\nK. The German 86th Infantry Division was merged with another division to form a new unit in 1944.\nR. The German 86th Infantry Division played a key role in the Battle of Kursk.\nD. The German 86th Infantry Division remained active until the end of the war, participating in various military campaigns.\nS. The German 86th Infantry Division was disbanded on 3 November 1943."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Materials made from non-living substances like pebbles and sand are called what?

Choices:
C. organic
G. inorganic
P. microscopic
D. fibrous

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Materials made from non-living substances like pebbles and sand are called what?\n\nChoices:\nC. organic\nG. inorganic\nP. microscopic\nD. fibrous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Some of them are inorganic . Inorganic materials are made from non-living substances like pebbles and sand."}


Prompt:
What contains moons?

Choices:
O. ships
K. plants
R. space mass
N. people

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What contains moons?\n\nChoices:\nO. ships\nK. plants\nR. space mass\nN. people"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Many replication forks develop along a what?

Choices:
O. genome
C. chromosome
F. allele
G. nucleus

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Many replication forks develop along a what?\n\nChoices:\nO. genome\nC. chromosome\nF. allele\nG. nucleus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Many replication forks develop along a chromosome. This process continues until the replication forks meet, and the all of the DNA in a chromosome has been copied. Each new strand that has formed is complementary to the strand used as the template. Each resulting DNA molecule is identical to the original DNA molecule. During prophase of mitosis or prophase I of meiosis, these molecules of DNA condense into a chromosome made of two identical \"sister\" chromatids. This process ensures that cells th"}


Prompt:
Which type of galaxies contain very little gas and dust, are red to yellow in color, contain over a trillion stars and have mostly old stars?

Choices:
R. giant gaseous galaxies
C. giant elliptical galaxies
D. giant orbital galaxies
N. blue elliptical galaxies

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which type of galaxies contain very little gas and dust, are red to yellow in color, contain over a trillion stars and have mostly old stars?\n\nChoices:\nR. giant gaseous galaxies\nC. giant elliptical galaxies\nD. giant orbital galaxies\nN. blue elliptical galaxies"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Giant elliptical galaxies contain over a trillion stars. Elliptical galaxies are red to yellow in color because they contain mostly old stars. Most contain very little gas and dust because the material has already formed into stars."}


Prompt:
How many bases does dna have in total?

Choices:
E. twelve
O. four
A. six
C. three

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many bases does dna have in total?\n\nChoices:\nE. twelve\nO. four\nA. six\nC. three"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Every DNA and RNA polymer consists of multiple nucleotides strung together into extremely long chains. The only variation in each nucleotide is the identity of the nitrogenous base. The figure above shows one example of a nitrogenous base, called adenine. There are only five different nitrogenous bases found in all nucleic acids. The four bases of DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, abbreviated A, T, C, and G respectively. In RNA, the base thymine is not found and is instead replace"}


Prompt:
What are prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols?

Choices:
B. protons
P. more alcohol
G. ions
J. ketones

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols?\n\nChoices:\nB. protons\nP. more alcohol\nG. ions\nJ. ketones"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The carbonyl group, a carbon-to-oxygen double bond, is the defining feature ofaldehydes and ketones. In aldehydes at least one bond on the carbonyl group is a carbon-to-hydrogen bond; in ketones, both available bonds on the carbonyl carbon atom are carbon-to-carbon bonds. Aldehydes are synthesized by the oxidation of primary alcohols. The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Ketones are prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Mild oxidizing agents oxidize aldehydes to "}


Prompt:
Unstable isotopes give off particles and energy as what?

Choices:
S. radiation
F. electricity
Q. ultraviolet light
N. radioactivity

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Unstable isotopes give off particles and energy as what?\n\nChoices:\nS. radiation\nF. electricity\nQ. ultraviolet light\nN. radioactivity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
A comparison of the human arm with a bat's wing demonstrates what principle of biology?

Choices:
I. size follows function
D. motion follows function
G. attachment follows function
R. form follows function

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "A comparison of the human arm with a bat's wing demonstrates what principle of biology?\n\nChoices:\nI. size follows function\nD. motion follows function\nG. attachment follows function\nR. form follows function"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "dictates the form of that body part. As an example, compare your arm to a bat's wing. While the bones of the two correspond, the parts serve different functions in each organism and their forms have adapted to follow that function. 30 Centrioles and flagella are alike in that they are made up of microtubules. In centrioles, two rings of nine microtubule \"triplets\" are arranged at right angles to one another. This arrangement does not occur in flagella. 32 They differ because plant cell walls are"}


Prompt:
Which of the following is a stronger indicator of cash flow flexibility?

Choices:
G. free cash flow
L. cash flow from operating activities
M. cash flow to sales ratio
P. all three indicate comparable degrees of flexibility

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is a stronger indicator of cash flow flexibility?\n\nChoices:\nG. free cash flow\nL. cash flow from operating activities\nM. cash flow to sales ratio\nP. all three indicate comparable degrees of flexibility"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2411, "id": 2411, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the outer layer of cells in a root called?

Choices:
F. muscles
G. igneous
A. skeletal
J. epidermis

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the outer layer of cells in a root called?\n\nChoices:\nF. muscles\nG. igneous\nA. skeletal\nJ. epidermis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The root has an outer layer of cells called the epidermis, which surrounds areas of ground tissue and vascular tissue. The epidermis provides protection and helps in absorption. Root hairs, which are extensions of root epidermal cells, increase the surface area of the root, greatly contributing to the absorption of water and minerals."}


Prompt:
Leaves play an important role in photosynthesis by being

Choices:
G. a receptacle for solar energy
Q. a go between for the exchange of information
K. a receptacle for oxygen
B. a release point for carbon dioxide

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Leaves play an important role in photosynthesis by being\n\nChoices:\nG. a receptacle for solar energy\nQ. a go between for the exchange of information\nK. a receptacle for oxygen\nB. a release point for carbon dioxide"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
The arrangement of what plant structures can be classified as either alternate, spiral, or opposite?

Choices:
O. fruits
M. roots
A. spores
G. leaves

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The arrangement of what plant structures can be classified as either alternate, spiral, or opposite?\n\nChoices:\nO. fruits\nM. roots\nA. spores\nG. leaves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Leaf Arrangement The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as phyllotaxy. The number and placement of a plant's leaves will vary depending on the species, with each species exhibiting a characteristic leaf arrangement. Leaves are classified as either alternate, spiral, or opposite. Plants that have only one leaf per node have leaves that are said to be either alternate—meaning the leaves alternate on each side of the stem in a flat plane—or spiral, meaning the leaves are arrayed in a spiral a"}


Prompt:
A car engine usually uses combustion to convert this into a motion and heat.

Choices:
C. oil products
N. animal products
Q. plant materials
B. solar energy

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "A car engine usually uses combustion to convert this into a motion and heat.\n\nChoices:\nC. oil products\nN. animal products\nQ. plant materials\nB. solar energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What work by lowering the activation energy of reactions and are needed to speed up chemical reactions in organisms?

Choices:
F. enzymes
T. molecules
A. compounds
E. Proteins

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What work by lowering the activation energy of reactions and are needed to speed up chemical reactions in organisms?\n\nChoices:\nF. enzymes\nT. molecules\nA. compounds\nE. Proteins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Enzymes are needed to speed up chemical reactions in organisms. They work by lowering the activation energy of reactions."}


Prompt:
Where in the female body does egg production take place?

Choices:
N. uterus
I. endometrium
L. testes
D. ovaries

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where in the female body does egg production take place?\n\nChoices:\nN. uterus\nI. endometrium\nL. testes\nD. ovaries"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Egg production takes place in the ovaries. It occurs in several steps:."}


Prompt:
Birds with more angular beaks

Choices:
Q. will hate any birds with rounded beaks
P. may chow down on different grub than birds with rounded beaks
S. may have more trouble eating than other birds
F. will eat the exact same diet as all other birds

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Birds with more angular beaks\n\nChoices:\nQ. will hate any birds with rounded beaks\nP. may chow down on different grub than birds with rounded beaks\nS. may have more trouble eating than other birds\nF. will eat the exact same diet as all other birds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
The secretion of what may influence the body's circadian rhythms?

Choices:
H. testosterone
M. melatonin
T. human growth hormone
K. serotonin

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "The secretion of what may influence the body's circadian rhythms?\n\nChoices:\nH. testosterone\nM. melatonin\nT. human growth hormone\nK. serotonin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "The secretion of melatonin may influence the body's circadian rhythms, the dark-light fluctuations that affect not only sleepiness and wakefulness, but also appetite and body temperature. Interestingly, children have higher melatonin levels than adults, which may prevent the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary, thereby inhibiting the onset of puberty. Finally, an antioxidant role of melatonin is the subject of current research. Jet lag occurs when a person travels across several"}


Prompt:
What do rotating vanes on an electric fan do to air?

Choices:
K. dampen
Q. warm
D. circulate
F. cool

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do rotating vanes on an electric fan do to air?\n\nChoices:\nK. dampen\nQ. warm\nD. circulate\nF. cool"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
This is the study of evolutionary history of groups of related organisms?

Choices:
H. phylogeny
G. synonymy
E. paleontology
L. phrenology

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "This is the study of evolutionary history of groups of related organisms?\n\nChoices:\nH. phylogeny\nG. synonymy\nE. paleontology\nL. phrenology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of group of related organisms. It is represented by a phylogenetic tree that shows how species are related to each other through common ancestors. A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants. It is a phylogenetic classification, based on evolutionary relationships."}


Prompt:
If the trees in an area are growing in soil rich with a certain vitamin, what might happen?

Choices:
R. the vitamin would evaporate
A. the vitamin would leak back into the ground
K. the squirrels would have that vitamin in their system
L. the trees would mutate and die

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "If the trees in an area are growing in soil rich with a certain vitamin, what might happen?\n\nChoices:\nR. the vitamin would evaporate\nA. the vitamin would leak back into the ground\nK. the squirrels would have that vitamin in their system\nL. the trees would mutate and die"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Where can you find the Encephalartos ngoyanus species?

Choices:
B. In the Rocky Mountains
G. In the Sahara Desert
M. In the Amazon Rainforest
F. In Ngoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where can you find the Encephalartos ngoyanus species?\n\nChoices:\nB. In the Rocky Mountains\nG. In the Sahara Desert\nM. In the Amazon Rainforest\nF. In Ngoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"id": 55136605, "title": "Encephalartos ngoyanus", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 1}


Prompt:
Ground collapse, associated with chambers of what substance, leads to formation of a caldera?

Choices:
S. stone
G. magma
O. molten
M. lava

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ground collapse, associated with chambers of what substance, leads to formation of a caldera?\n\nChoices:\nS. stone\nG. magma\nO. molten\nM. lava"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "The cause of supervolcano eruptions is being debated. Enormous magma chambers are filled with super hot magma. This enormous eruption leaves a huge hole. The ground collapses and creates a caldera."}


Prompt:
If the average binding energy per nucleon overcomes the repulsion, the nucleus stays together and it referred to as what?

Choices:
R. even
C. solid
D. closed
T. stable

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "If the average binding energy per nucleon overcomes the repulsion, the nucleus stays together and it referred to as what?\n\nChoices:\nR. even\nC. solid\nD. closed\nT. stable"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Each nucleus, therefore, has competing forces. The repulsive force between the protons tends to blow the nucleus apart and the binding energy tends to hold the nucleus together. If the average binding energy per nucleon overcomes the repulsion, the nucleus stays together and it referred to as stable. If the repulsion overcomes the average binding energy per nucleon, the nucleus may blow apart or undergo nuclear disintegration . When a nucleus disintegrates, it throws off pieces of itself and ene"}


Prompt:
Being near buildings or houses is the worst spot to be when there is an earthquake as you are likely to be

Choices:
K. nothing
F. stones
G. crushed by one
N. kissed by one

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Being near buildings or houses is the worst spot to be when there is an earthquake as you are likely to be\n\nChoices:\nK. nothing\nF. stones\nG. crushed by one\nN. kissed by one"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Which ice hockey team does Benjamin Coel Eaves currently work for as the strength and conditioning coach?

Choices:
D. Cleveland Monsters
A. Cleveland Rocks
R. Cleveland Cavaliers
P. Cleveland Indians
G. Cleveland Browns

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which ice hockey team does Benjamin Coel Eaves currently work for as the strength and conditioning coach?\n\nChoices:\nD. Cleveland Monsters\nA. Cleveland Rocks\nR. Cleveland Cavaliers\nP. Cleveland Indians\nG. Cleveland Browns"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What month is in the season after spring in the northern hemisphere?

Choices:
A. june
D. november
C. december
L. march

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What month is in the season after spring in the northern hemisphere?\n\nChoices:\nA. june\nD. november\nC. december\nL. march"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
A puppy wakes up and needs to to for a walk. In order to have the ability to do this, he will require

Choices:
D. toys
M. wheels
H. lunch
J. pebbles

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "A puppy wakes up and needs to to for a walk. In order to have the ability to do this, he will require\n\nChoices:\nD. toys\nM. wheels\nH. lunch\nJ. pebbles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Crop rotation

Choices:
D. allows farmers to take a break
K. prevents fertilizer from working
A. hurts the overall crop reap
P. allows loam to replenish its nutrient supply

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Crop rotation\n\nChoices:\nD. allows farmers to take a break\nK. prevents fertilizer from working\nA. hurts the overall crop reap\nP. allows loam to replenish its nutrient supply"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
If you add heat to something, a chemical reaction may take place, like when

Choices:
H. ingredients are mixed in a bowl
O. coffee is warmed in a microwave
G. mixed ingredients become a cupcake
M. pasta is warmed on a stove

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "If you add heat to something, a chemical reaction may take place, like when\n\nChoices:\nH. ingredients are mixed in a bowl\nO. coffee is warmed in a microwave\nG. mixed ingredients become a cupcake\nM. pasta is warmed on a stove"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the reason for Robert Lawrence Horne's fame during his time in the World Wrestling Federation?

Choices:
R. His exceptional athleticism and performance in the ring, captivating the audience.
P. His reputation as a skilled professional wrestler and his numerous championship titles.
G. His contributions to the development of innovative wrestling techniques and strategies.
A. His partnership with Mabel as "Men on a Mission" and their reign as WWF World Tag Team Champions.
O. His strong character development and engaging storylines that made him a fan favorite.

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the reason for Robert Lawrence Horne's fame during his time in the World Wrestling Federation?\n\nChoices:\nR. His exceptional athleticism and performance in the ring, captivating the audience.\nP. His reputation as a skilled professional wrestler and his numerous championship titles.\nG. His contributions to the development of innovative wrestling techniques and strategies.\nA. His partnership with Mabel as \"Men on a Mission\" and their reign as WWF World Tag Team Champions.\nO. His strong character development and engaging storylines that made him a fan favorite."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
In a job order cost system, overhead applied is debited to which account?

Choices:
E. cost of goods sold
O. manufacturing overhead
G. work in process inventory
F. finished goods inventory

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "In a job order cost system, overhead applied is debited to which account?\n\nChoices:\nE. cost of goods sold\nO. manufacturing overhead\nG. work in process inventory\nF. finished goods inventory"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2018, "id": 2018, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
When were the rowing competitions held at the 1928 Summer Olympics?

Choices:
H. 2 to 10 November
J. 2 to 10 September
D. 2 to 10 October
O. 2 to 10 July
T. 2 to 10 August

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "When were the rowing competitions held at the 1928 Summer Olympics?\n\nChoices:\nH. 2 to 10 November\nJ. 2 to 10 September\nD. 2 to 10 October\nO. 2 to 10 July\nT. 2 to 10 August"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
A habitat's features are determined mainly by abiotic factors such as?

Choices:
T. oxygen and rainfall
K. length
J. mixing and rainfall
P. temperature and rainfall

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "A habitat's features are determined mainly by abiotic factors such as?\n\nChoices:\nT. oxygen and rainfall\nK. length\nJ. mixing and rainfall\nP. temperature and rainfall"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Another aspect of a species' niche is its habitat. The habitat is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted. A habitat's features are determined mainly by abiotic factors such as temperature and rainfall. These factors also influence the traits of the organisms that live there."}


Prompt:
Where is the Sycamore Gap Tree located?

Choices:
T. In the Sahara Desert
D. Next to the Great Wall of China
G. In the Amazon Rainforest
M. Next to Hadrian's Wall in the UK

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the Sycamore Gap Tree located?\n\nChoices:\nT. In the Sahara Desert\nD. Next to the Great Wall of China\nG. In the Amazon Rainforest\nM. Next to Hadrian's Wall in the UK"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"id": 56621267, "title": "Sycamore Gap tree", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 1}


Prompt:
What are rhythmic, involuntary contractions of the reproductive structures?

Choices:
K. seizure
L. sexual paroxysms
M. reproductive spasms
A. orgasm

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are rhythmic, involuntary contractions of the reproductive structures?\n\nChoices:\nK. seizure\nL. sexual paroxysms\nM. reproductive spasms\nA. orgasm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
A phase change is

Choices:
C. Jello's transformation
E. Building a car
L. Growing a plant
B. Water changing temperatures

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "A phase change is\n\nChoices:\nC. Jello's transformation\nE. Building a car\nL. Growing a plant\nB. Water changing temperatures"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What is formed when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets?

Choices:
B. fog
K. rain
E. smoke
A. hail

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is formed when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets?\n\nChoices:\nB. fog\nK. rain\nE. smoke\nA. hail"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Rock bands often use special stage effects, like the fake fog in this picture. Real fog forms when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of water. The fake fog shown here formed when solid carbon dioxide changed directly to carbon dioxide gas."}


Prompt:
What are materials that have a low resistance to electrical current called?

Choices:
M. electrical conductors
A. resistors
O. electrons
F. fast conductors

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are materials that have a low resistance to electrical current called?\n\nChoices:\nM. electrical conductors\nA. resistors\nO. electrons\nF. fast conductors"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Materials that have low resistance to electric current are called electric conductors. Many metals are good electric conductors."}


Prompt:
What single word can be defined as the ability to cause change in matter and the ability to do work?

Choices:
S. gas
A. explosion
L. energy
I. job

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What single word can be defined as the ability to cause change in matter and the ability to do work?\n\nChoices:\nS. gas\nA. explosion\nL. energy\nI. job"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The concept of energy was first introduced in the chapter \"States of Matter,\" where it is defined as the ability to cause change in matter. Energy can also be defined as the ability to do work. Work is done whenever a force is used to move matter. When work is done, energy is transferred from one object to another. For example, when the batter in Figure below uses energy to swing the bat, she transfers energy to the bat. The moving bat, in turn, transfers energy to the ball. Like work, energy is"}


Prompt:
A long strip of sand is referred to as what?

Choices:
Q. a volcano
M. a component island
A. a composition island
N. a barrier island

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "A long strip of sand is referred to as what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. a volcano\nM. a component island\nA. a composition island\nN. a barrier island"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "A barrier island is a long strip of sand. The sand naturally moves in the local currents. People try to build on barrier islands."}


Prompt:
A thermal conductor may conduct energy from

Choices:
K. stone
O. ice
Q. fabric
E. sunshine

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "A thermal conductor may conduct energy from\n\nChoices:\nK. stone\nO. ice\nQ. fabric\nE. sunshine"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
A person can grow cabbage in January with the help of what product?

Choices:
R. White house
B. Congress
E. Parliment
O. Green house

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person can grow cabbage in January with the help of what product?\n\nChoices:\nR. White house\nB. Congress\nE. Parliment\nO. Green house"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Vertebrates - including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - belong to what phylum?

Choices:
A. angulata
G. chordata
M. nematota
S. animalia

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Vertebrates - including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - belong to what phylum?\n\nChoices:\nA. angulata\nG. chordata\nM. nematota\nS. animalia"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Vertebrates are animals in Phylum Chordata. Modern vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. You can see examples of all these groups of vertebrates in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
In what state is Frankenmuth located and what is the population of the city according to the 2020 census?

Choices:
I. Michigan; population 4,987
E. California; population 2,169
T. Texas; population 3,312
R. Ohio; population 6,543
S. New York; population 9,754

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "In what state is Frankenmuth located and what is the population of the city according to the 2020 census?\n\nChoices:\nI. Michigan; population 4,987\nE. California; population 2,169\nT. Texas; population 3,312\nR. Ohio; population 6,543\nS. New York; population 9,754"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
As the anterior end of the neural tube starts to develop into the brain, it undergoes a couple of enlargements; the result is the production of these?

Choices:
C. sac-like vesicles
F. cyclinder-like vesicles
Q. square-like vesicles
R. tributaries - like vesicles

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "As the anterior end of the neural tube starts to develop into the brain, it undergoes a couple of enlargements; the result is the production of these?\n\nChoices:\nC. sac-like vesicles\nF. cyclinder-like vesicles\nQ. square-like vesicles\nR. tributaries - like vesicles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Primary Vesicles As the anterior end of the neural tube starts to develop into the brain, it undergoes a couple of enlargements; the result is the production of sac-like vesicles. Similar to a child's balloon animal, the long, straight neural tube begins to take on a new shape. Three vesicles form at the first stage, which are called primary vesicles. These vesicles are given names that are based on Greek words, the main root word being enkephalon, which means \"brain\" (en- = \"inside\"; kephalon ="}


Prompt:
The as yet undiscovered grand unified theory is a search to unify laws of what branch of science?

Choices:
S. masses
T. chemistry
F. genetics
G. physics

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The as yet undiscovered grand unified theory is a search to unify laws of what branch of science?\n\nChoices:\nS. masses\nT. chemistry\nF. genetics\nG. physics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Over 2500 years ago Aristotle proposed two laws of physics governing motion. One for 'Earthly bodies' (objects on Earth) that states objects naturally go in straight lines and one for 'Heavenly bodies' (objects in space) that states objects naturally go in circles. This idea held steady for 2,000 years until Isaac Newton, in a triumph of brilliance, declared that there is one law of physics that governs motion and he unified \"earthly\" bodies and \"heavenly\" bodies with the The Universal Law of Gr"}


Prompt:
Models may be physical, conceptual, or what else?

Choices:
E. theoretical
J. mathematical
C. fundamental
A. experimental

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Models may be physical, conceptual, or what else?\n\nChoices:\nE. theoretical\nJ. mathematical\nC. fundamental\nA. experimental"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Models may be physical, conceptual, or mathematical."}


Prompt:
One common way to remove phosphates from water is by the addition of what?

Choices:
R. calcium hydroxide
N. acetic acid
H. isotopes
I. nitrous oxide

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "One common way to remove phosphates from water is by the addition of what?\n\nChoices:\nR. calcium hydroxide\nN. acetic acid\nH. isotopes\nI. nitrous oxide"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "One common way to remove phosphates from water is by the addition of calcium hydroxide, known as lime, Ca(OH)2. The lime is converted into calcium carbonate, a strong base, in the water. As the water is made more basic, the calcium ions react with phosphate ions to produce hydroxylapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), which then precipitates out of the solution:."}


Prompt:
The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and which other barrier?

Choices:
R. biological
A. independent
S. surgical
O. physical

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and which other barrier?\n\nChoices:\nR. biological\nA. independent\nS. surgical\nO. physical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers."}


Prompt:
What is critical for the formation of hemoglobin?

Choices:
N. iron ions
Q. proteins
B. salts
C. platelets

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is critical for the formation of hemoglobin?\n\nChoices:\nN. iron ions\nQ. proteins\nB. salts\nC. platelets"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Minerals Minerals in food are inorganic compounds that work with other nutrients to ensure the body functions properly. Minerals cannot be made in the body; they come from the diet. The amount of minerals in the body is small—only 4 percent of the total body mass—and most of that consists of the minerals that the body requires in moderate quantities: potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and chloride. The most common minerals in the body are calcium and phosphorous, both of which ar"}


Prompt:
Animals of the Arctic thrive in

Choices:
S. Water Environments
B. Warm Climates
I. Snow Environment
O. Tropical Environment

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Animals of the Arctic thrive in\n\nChoices:\nS. Water Environments\nB. Warm Climates\nI. Snow Environment\nO. Tropical Environment"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What do optical fibres look like?

Choices:
C. flat paper
N. thin glass tubes
L. square boxes
E. big flashlights

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do optical fibres look like?\n\nChoices:\nC. flat paper\nN. thin glass tubes\nL. square boxes\nE. big flashlights"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Besides entertaining a cat, laser light has many other uses. It is used to scan bar codes, for example, and to carry communication signals in optical fibers. Optical fibers are extremely thin glass tubes that are used to guide laser light (see Figure below ). Sounds or pictures are encoded in pulses of laser light, which are then sent through an optical fiber. All of the light reflects off the inside of the fiber, so none of it escapes. As a result, the signal remains strong even over long dista"}


Prompt:
What is the term for the change in momentum vector?

Choices:
E. variation
R. impulse
J. gravity
H. release

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the change in momentum vector?\n\nChoices:\nE. variation\nR. impulse\nJ. gravity\nH. release"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Impulse is the change in momentum vector. Therefore the."}


Prompt:
Which traits could be pass along using reproduction and genetic material?

Choices:
C. nose
I. habits.
H. thoughts
O. money

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which traits could be pass along using reproduction and genetic material?\n\nChoices:\nC. nose\nI. habits.\nH. thoughts\nO. money"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What everyday beverage commodity is second only to oil in worldwide trade?

Choices:
J. beer
M. coffee
Q. soda
O. water

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What everyday beverage commodity is second only to oil in worldwide trade?\n\nChoices:\nJ. beer\nM. coffee\nQ. soda\nO. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Chemistry in Everyday Life Decaffeinating Coffee Using Supercritical CO2 Coffee is the world's second most widely traded commodity, following only petroleum. Across the globe, people love coffee's aroma and taste. Many of us also depend on one component of coffee—caffeine—to help us get going in the morning or stay alert in the afternoon. But late in the day, coffee's stimulant effect can keep you from sleeping, so you may choose to drink decaffeinated coffee in the evening. Since the early 1900"}


Prompt:
What are basic tools of the cell for organizing metabolism, transport, and storage of molecules?

Choices:
S. membranes
I. vacuoles
T. vesicles
H. tissues

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are basic tools of the cell for organizing metabolism, transport, and storage of molecules?\n\nChoices:\nS. membranes\nI. vacuoles\nT. vesicles\nH. tissues"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "A vesicle is a small, spherical compartment that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Many vesicles are made in the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, or are made from parts of the cell membrane. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus can be seen in Figure above . Because it is separated from the cytosol, the space inside the vesicle can be made to be chemically different from the cytosol. Vesicles are basic tools of the cell for organizing metabolism, transport, a"}


Prompt:
What requires nutrients to grow?

Choices:
R. metals
L. dirt
S. birds
K. computers

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What requires nutrients to grow?\n\nChoices:\nR. metals\nL. dirt\nS. birds\nK. computers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What does the aqueous fluid between the chloroplast membrane and the grana known as?

Choices:
G. stroma
O. blood
R. plasma
A. water

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the aqueous fluid between the chloroplast membrane and the grana known as?\n\nChoices:\nG. stroma\nO. blood\nR. plasma\nA. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Both chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria contain grana, neat stacks of flattened sac-shaped membrane compartments called thylakoids . Thylakoids can be considered a sub-organelle within the chloroplast. Between the chloroplast membrane and the grana is an aqueous fluid known as stroma . Thylakoids, especially the thylakoid membrane, organize patterns of proteins and other molecules which conduct photosynthesis, as shown in Figure below . In addition to enzymes, two basic types of molecules "}


Prompt:
How is Gerald McConnell best known for his artwork?

Choices:
L. McConnell was known for his landscape photography, capturing scenic views of national parks.
P. McConnell was known for his abstract paintings, experimenting with bold colors and textures.
F. McConnell was known for his architectural designs, creating innovative structures for public spaces.
Q. McConnell was known for his illustrations on paperback books and advertisements.
K. McConnell was known for his sculptures and installations displayed in contemporary art galleries.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "How is Gerald McConnell best known for his artwork?\n\nChoices:\nL. McConnell was known for his landscape photography, capturing scenic views of national parks.\nP. McConnell was known for his abstract paintings, experimenting with bold colors and textures.\nF. McConnell was known for his architectural designs, creating innovative structures for public spaces.\nQ. McConnell was known for his illustrations on paperback books and advertisements.\nK. McConnell was known for his sculptures and installations displayed in contemporary art galleries."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
If a person enjoys long, sunny days their favorite month would be

Choices:
J. March
Q. July
G. October
A. April

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a person enjoys long, sunny days their favorite month would be\n\nChoices:\nJ. March\nQ. July\nG. October\nA. April"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
The burning of fossil fuels releases three major things - thermal energy, water vapor, and what pollutant?

Choices:
R. carbon monoxide
D. carbon dioxide
M. aluminum
J. hydrogen

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The burning of fossil fuels releases three major things - thermal energy, water vapor, and what pollutant?\n\nChoices:\nR. carbon monoxide\nD. carbon dioxide\nM. aluminum\nJ. hydrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "When fossil fuels burn, they release thermal energy, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. The thermal energy can be used to generate electricity or do other work. The carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere and is a major cause of global climate change. The burning of fossil fuels also releases many pollutants into the air. Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide form acid rain, which kills living things and damages metals, stonework, and other materials. Pollutants such as nitrogen oxides cause sm"}


Prompt:
Betelgeuse is an example of what "colorful" stage in the life of very massive stars?

Choices:
A. red supergiant
C. blue supergiant
R. white supergiant
J. blue star

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Betelgeuse is an example of what \"colorful\" stage in the life of very massive stars?\n\nChoices:\nA. red supergiant\nC. blue supergiant\nR. white supergiant\nJ. blue star"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "A more massive star ends its life in a more dramatic way. Very massive stars become red supergiants, like Betelgeuse."}


Prompt:
Protozoa that cause malaria are spread by a vector, entering the blood through the bite of what insect?

Choices:
M. housefly
K. wasp
C. fire ant
D. mosquito

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Protozoa that cause malaria are spread by a vector, entering the blood through the bite of what insect?\n\nChoices:\nM. housefly\nK. wasp\nC. fire ant\nD. mosquito"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Protozoa that cause malaria are spread by a vector. They enter the blood through the bite of an infected mosquito. They live inside red blood cells. They cause overall body pain, fever, and fatigue. Malaria kills several million people each year. Most of the deaths occur in children."}


Prompt:
What type of fossils are of organisms that lived over a wide area for a fairly short period of time and are used to determine the age of the rock it is in?

Choices:
K. rate fossils
H. reference fossils
O. inventory fossils
T. index fossils

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of fossils are of organisms that lived over a wide area for a fairly short period of time and are used to determine the age of the rock it is in?\n\nChoices:\nK. rate fossils\nH. reference fossils\nO. inventory fossils\nT. index fossils"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Fossils are used to determine the ages of rock layers. Index fossils are the most useful for this. Index fossils are of organisms that lived over a wide area. They lived for a fairly short period of time. An index fossil allows a scientist to determine the age of the rock it is in."}


Prompt:
In abalones and limpets, what is conical, but somewhat flattened?

Choices:
M. the heart
N. the bone
B. the shell
S. the head

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "In abalones and limpets, what is conical, but somewhat flattened?\n\nChoices:\nM. the heart\nN. the bone\nB. the shell\nS. the head"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Using a hammer to remove a nail changes both the direction and strength of the what?

Choices:
G. static energy
O. gravity
B. kinetic energy
P. applied force

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Using a hammer to remove a nail changes both the direction and strength of the what?\n\nChoices:\nG. static energy\nO. gravity\nB. kinetic energy\nP. applied force"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Using a hammer to remove a nail changes both the direction and strength of the applied force. Where is the fulcrum of the hammer when it is used in this way?."}


Prompt:
A rock may be used as a shelter by a

Choices:
N. deer
S. giant squid
O. spider
F. chicken

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A rock may be used as a shelter by a\n\nChoices:\nN. deer\nS. giant squid\nO. spider\nF. chicken"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Why wouldn't a teakettle have an aluminum handle?

Choices:
F. it is magnetic
D. it isn't washable
J. it absorbs light
C. it conducts heat

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why wouldn't a teakettle have an aluminum handle?\n\nChoices:\nF. it is magnetic\nD. it isn't washable\nJ. it absorbs light\nC. it conducts heat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "This teakettle is made of aluminum except for its handle, which is made of plastic. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat. It conducts heat from the flames on the range to the water inside the kettle, so the water heats quickly. Plastic, on the other hand, is not a good conductor of heat. It stays cool enough to touch even when the rest of the teakettle becomes very hot."}


Prompt:
What is needed to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?

Choices:
K. passive transport
I. gas exchange
H. vascular tissue
D. photosynthesis

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is needed to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?\n\nChoices:\nK. passive transport\nI. gas exchange\nH. vascular tissue\nD. photosynthesis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Gas exchange is needed to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells cannot survive for long without oxygen. Gas exchange is also needed to carry away carbon dioxide waste. Some of the carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves to form carbonic acid, which keeps blood pH within a normal range."}


Prompt:
Molds that grow on bread are from what kingdom?

Choices:
G. fungi
A. yeast
E. animal
L. pollen

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Molds that grow on bread are from what kingdom?\n\nChoices:\nG. fungi\nA. yeast\nE. animal\nL. pollen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Do you see the organisms growing on the bread in Figure below ? They belong to the Kingdom Fungi. Molds growing on foods are some of the most common fungi in our everyday lives. These organisms may seem useless, gross, and costly. But fungi play very important roles in almost every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth."}


Prompt:
What is the name for a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average?

Choices:
P. menstrual cycle
B. urinary cycle
A. periodic table
K. puberty

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name for a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average?\n\nChoices:\nP. menstrual cycle\nB. urinary cycle\nA. periodic table\nK. puberty"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Egg production in the ovary is part of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average. These changes include the development of an egg and follicle in the ovary."}


Prompt:
Insects are the only invertebrates that can do what?

Choices:
R. reproduce
O. fly
G. vocalize
B. shed

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Insects are the only invertebrates that can do what?\n\nChoices:\nR. reproduce\nO. fly\nG. vocalize\nB. shed"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The main reason that insects have been so successful is their ability to fly. Insects are the only invertebrates that can fly. They were also the first animals to evolve flight. The ability to fly is highly adaptive. It's a guaranteed means of escape from nonflying predators. It's also useful for finding food and mates."}


Prompt:
A switch is used to stop the flow of currents which causes Joule heating in

Choices:
B. thermostat
M. electrical circuit.
I. magnetic fields
J. solar energy

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "A switch is used to stop the flow of currents which causes Joule heating in\n\nChoices:\nB. thermostat\nM. electrical circuit.\nI. magnetic fields\nJ. solar energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
what is one use for a radio

Choices:
B. sending goods
D. sending light signals
A. none of these
L. transferring signals

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "what is one use for a radio\n\nChoices:\nB. sending goods\nD. sending light signals\nA. none of these\nL. transferring signals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Which construction material previously used in factories and in homes caused cancer?

Choices:
Q. Silica
L. Paints contains lead
F. Alkylphenols
R. asbestos

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which construction material previously used in factories and in homes caused cancer?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Silica\nL. Paints contains lead\nF. Alkylphenols\nR. asbestos"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The past use of asbestos in factories and in homes. Asbestos is a very dangerous material, and it was used in many buildings ( Figure below ). Asbestos can cause cancer and other lung diseases. The use of asbestos is not allowed today."}


Prompt:
tuna swim extremely fast to catch

Choices:
M. kelp
O. sharks
Q. anchovies
F. starfish

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "tuna swim extremely fast to catch\n\nChoices:\nM. kelp\nO. sharks\nQ. anchovies\nF. starfish"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What mass of abnormal cells do cancer cells cause?

Choices:
L. sebaceous cyst
R. tumor
M. inflammation
J. bacteria

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What mass of abnormal cells do cancer cells cause?\n\nChoices:\nL. sebaceous cyst\nR. tumor\nM. inflammation\nJ. bacteria"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Cancer cells grow rapidly and may form a mass of abnormal cells called a tumor."}


Prompt:
What was the purpose of Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome during World War I?

Choices:
J. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome served as a manufacturing plant for aircraft and related equipment during World War I.
H. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a staging area for aerial reconnaissance missions during World War I.
A. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome served as a training facility for Allied pilots to learn aerial combat tactics.
M. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a medical evacuation center for wounded soldiers during World War I.
B. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a temporary storage and maintenance facility for military aircraft during World War I.

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the purpose of Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome during World War I?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome served as a manufacturing plant for aircraft and related equipment during World War I.\nH. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a staging area for aerial reconnaissance missions during World War I.\nA. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome served as a training facility for Allied pilots to learn aerial combat tactics.\nM. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a medical evacuation center for wounded soldiers during World War I.\nB. Villeneuve-les-Vertus Aerodrome was a temporary storage and maintenance facility for military aircraft during World War I."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
A person is travelling and needs to know how much further to go, so for the remainder of the trip, he is

Choices:
F. measuring with inches
A. using square feet
C. noting in meters
K. distance in millimeters

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person is travelling and needs to know how much further to go, so for the remainder of the trip, he is\n\nChoices:\nF. measuring with inches\nA. using square feet\nC. noting in meters\nK. distance in millimeters"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
A material that can be burned to produce electricity can be made from

Choices:
C. air
L. algae
I. electronics
F. water

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "A material that can be burned to produce electricity can be made from\n\nChoices:\nC. air\nL. algae\nI. electronics\nF. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
The olfactory receptor neurons are located in a small region within what cavity?

Choices:
L. exterior nasal
P. posterior nasal
O. inferior nasal
K. superior nasal

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "The olfactory receptor neurons are located in a small region within what cavity?\n\nChoices:\nL. exterior nasal\nP. posterior nasal\nO. inferior nasal\nK. superior nasal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Olfaction (Smell) Like taste, the sense of smell, or olfaction, is also responsive to chemical stimuli. The olfactory receptor neurons are located in a small region within the superior nasal cavity (Figure 14.4). This region is referred to as the olfactory epithelium and contains bipolar sensory neurons. Each olfactory sensory neuron has dendrites that extend from the apical surface of the epithelium into the mucus lining the cavity. As airborne molecules are inhaled through the nose, they pass "}


Prompt:
What helps maglev trains go very fast?

Choices:
R. wheels
E. gravity
H. magnets
O. rollers

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What helps maglev trains go very fast?\n\nChoices:\nR. wheels\nE. gravity\nH. magnets\nO. rollers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "The futuristic-looking train in Figure below is called a maglev train. The word \"maglev\" stands for \"magnetic levitation. \" Magnets push the train upward so it hovers, or levitates, above the track without actually touching it. This eliminates most of the friction acting against the train when it moves. Other magnets pull the train forward along the track. Because of these magnets, the train can go very fast. It can fly over the countryside at speeds up to 480 kilometers (300 miles) per hour! Wh"}


Prompt:
What paired human organs play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis?

Choices:
Q. eyes
M. lungs
A. kidneys
C. ears

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What paired human organs play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis?\n\nChoices:\nQ. eyes\nM. lungs\nA. kidneys\nC. ears"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The kidneys ( Figure below ) are important organs in maintaining homeostasis , the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite a changing environment. Kidneys perform a number of homeostatic functions."}


Prompt:
The attractive force between water molecules is what kind of reaction?

Choices:
B. symmetrical reaction
D. dipole reaction
N. aquatic reaction
O. diffusion reaction

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The attractive force between water molecules is what kind of reaction?\n\nChoices:\nB. symmetrical reaction\nD. dipole reaction\nN. aquatic reaction\nO. diffusion reaction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "The attractive force between water molecules is a dipole interaction. The hydrogen atoms are bound to the highly electronegative oxygen atom (which also possesses two lone pair sets of electrons, making for a very polar bond. The partially positive hydrogen atom of one molecule is then attracted to the oxygen atom of a nearby water molecule (see Figure below )."}


Prompt:
What term denotes lower levels of exposure, for instance to radiation, over a longer period of time?

Choices:
F. excess exposure
E. non-exposure
K. recent exposure
D. chronic exposure

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term denotes lower levels of exposure, for instance to radiation, over a longer period of time?\n\nChoices:\nF. excess exposure\nE. non-exposure\nK. recent exposure\nD. chronic exposure"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Exposure gives an indication of the amount of radiation that travels through the air. Two factors influence the amount of exposure a person may receive – time and intensity. Acute exposure indicates a large amount of radiation received over a short period of time. Chronic exposure deals with lower levels of exposure over a longer period of time. Dose equivalence combines the amount of radiation received and the medical effect of that radiation. Calculations of exposure and dose equivalence are c"}


Prompt:
What do you call the zone in a body of water where there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis?

Choices:
N. Dark Zone
D. semimetal zone
H. aphotic zone
T. observable zone

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call the zone in a body of water where there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis?\n\nChoices:\nN. Dark Zone\nD. semimetal zone\nH. aphotic zone\nT. observable zone"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Neurons are usually classified based on the role they play in the body. Two main types of neurons are sensory neurons and motor neurons."}


Prompt:
Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and where else?

Choices:
J. crust water
A. surface water
C. standing water
N. methane water

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and where else?\n\nChoices:\nJ. crust water\nA. surface water\nC. standing water\nN. methane water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Water molds are commonly found in moist soil and surface water. Many water molds are plant pathogens or fish parasites."}


Prompt:
One-dimensional sinusoidal waves show the relationship among wavelength, frequency, and what?

Choices:
H. velocity
O. friction
I. speed
C. motion

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "One-dimensional sinusoidal waves show the relationship among wavelength, frequency, and what?\n\nChoices:\nH. velocity\nO. friction\nI. speed\nC. motion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Figure 6.2 One-dimensional sinusoidal waves show the relationship among wavelength, frequency, and speed. The wave with the shortest wavelength has the highest frequency. Amplitude is one-half the height of the wave from peak to trough."}


Prompt:
Which scale measures acids and bases and has 7 as a neutral value?

Choices:
T. color
J. ph
I. rock
Q. respiration

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which scale measures acids and bases and has 7 as a neutral value?\n\nChoices:\nT. color\nJ. ph\nI. rock\nQ. respiration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The Concept of pH The relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution can be indicated by its pH. A solution's pH is the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of the solution. As an example, a pH 4 solution has an H+ concentration that is ten times greater than that of a pH 5 solution. That is, a solution with a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5. The concept of pH will begin to make more sense when you study the pH scale, like that shown in"}


Prompt:
Using trash in the way it was used in the last scene of the 'Back to the Future' movie is, most ideally, an example of:

Choices:
D. wishful thinking
R. cleaning the environment
Q. an alternative fuel
F. creative filming

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Using trash in the way it was used in the last scene of the 'Back to the Future' movie is, most ideally, an example of:\n\nChoices:\nD. wishful thinking\nR. cleaning the environment\nQ. an alternative fuel\nF. creative filming"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?

Choices:
M. chloride
I. calcium
O. sodium
A. potassium

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?\n\nChoices:\nM. chloride\nI. calcium\nO. sodium\nA. potassium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2668, "id": 2668, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What type of response is generated when a stimulus is received by the nervous system?

Choices:
D. a sensory response
T. a neural response
P. a motor response
I. a action potential

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of response is generated when a stimulus is received by the nervous system?\n\nChoices:\nD. a sensory response\nT. a neural response\nP. a motor response\nI. a action potential"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What was Alonso Martínez de Espinar's occupation?

Choices:
A. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a prominent playwright and poet of the Spanish Baroque era.
O. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a courtier and one of three important writers on venery of the Spanish Baroque.
F. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was an influential politician who held various high-ranking positions in the Spanish government.
B. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a military strategist who served in the Spanish army during several wars.
G. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a renowned painter and sculptor during the Spanish Baroque period.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was Alonso Martínez de Espinar's occupation?\n\nChoices:\nA. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a prominent playwright and poet of the Spanish Baroque era.\nO. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a courtier and one of three important writers on venery of the Spanish Baroque.\nF. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was an influential politician who held various high-ranking positions in the Spanish government.\nB. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a military strategist who served in the Spanish army during several wars.\nG. Alonso Martínez de Espinar was a renowned painter and sculptor during the Spanish Baroque period."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
A bear that ate a watermelon will also travel during the day to several areas of the surrounding forest, which can cause?

Choices:
T. bears
S. dispersal of seed
H. food for young
G. seed production

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A bear that ate a watermelon will also travel during the day to several areas of the surrounding forest, which can cause?\n\nChoices:\nT. bears\nS. dispersal of seed\nH. food for young\nG. seed production"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
____ burns from the energy of ____

Choices:
K. a teacandle; wax
P. death; wind
J. water; fire
T. food; water

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "____ burns from the energy of ____\n\nChoices:\nK. a teacandle; wax\nP. death; wind\nJ. water; fire\nT. food; water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for physicians and scientists who research and develop vaccines and treat and study conditions ranging from allergies to aids?

Choices:
C. vaccinologists
N. virologists
L. endocrinologists
R. immunologists

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for physicians and scientists who research and develop vaccines and treat and study conditions ranging from allergies to aids?\n\nChoices:\nC. vaccinologists\nN. virologists\nL. endocrinologists\nR. immunologists"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Immunologist The variations in peripheral proteins and carbohydrates that affect a cell's recognition sites are of prime interest in immunology. These changes are taken into consideration in vaccine development. Many infectious diseases, such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus, were conquered by the use of vaccines. Immunologists are the physicians and scientists who research and develop vaccines, as well as treat and study allergies or other immune problems. Some immunologists study an"}


Prompt:
What is the main shopping centre and the main church in the village of Oakenshaw?

Choices:
R. The main shopping centre is located on Oakenshaw Lane and the main church is dedicated to St Michael.
H. The main shopping centre is located on Bradford Road and the main church is dedicated to St Andrew.
P. The main shopping centre is located on Cleckheaton Road and the main church is dedicated to St Stephen.
B. The main shopping centre is located on M606 motorway and the main church is dedicated to St John.
A. The main shopping centre is located on Wyke Road and the main church is dedicated to St Peter.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main shopping centre and the main church in the village of Oakenshaw?\n\nChoices:\nR. The main shopping centre is located on Oakenshaw Lane and the main church is dedicated to St Michael.\nH. The main shopping centre is located on Bradford Road and the main church is dedicated to St Andrew.\nP. The main shopping centre is located on Cleckheaton Road and the main church is dedicated to St Stephen.\nB. The main shopping centre is located on M606 motorway and the main church is dedicated to St John.\nA. The main shopping centre is located on Wyke Road and the main church is dedicated to St Peter."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Organic acids such as acetic acid all contain a functional group called what?

Choices:
N. ester group
S. protein
K. carboxyl group
E. glycoprotein group

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Organic acids such as acetic acid all contain a functional group called what?\n\nChoices:\nN. ester group\nS. protein\nK. carboxyl group\nE. glycoprotein group"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Organic acids such as acetic acid all contain a functional group called a carboxyl group ."}


Prompt:
What is the result of a reaction between sulfur trioxide and water?

Choices:
J. hydrochloric acid
M. nitric acid
D. sulfuric acid
H. acetic acid

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the result of a reaction between sulfur trioxide and water?\n\nChoices:\nJ. hydrochloric acid\nM. nitric acid\nD. sulfuric acid\nH. acetic acid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Sulfur trioxide gas reacts with water to form sulfuric acid. This is an unfortunately common reaction that occurs in the atmosphere in some places where oxides of sulfur are present as pollutants. The acid formed in the reaction falls to the ground as acid rain."}


Prompt:
Melanin in skin is produced in response to exposure to what type of light?

Choices:
N. infrared light
K. uv light
O. visible light
J. x rays

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Melanin in skin is produced in response to exposure to what type of light?\n\nChoices:\nN. infrared light\nK. uv light\nO. visible light\nJ. x rays"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Intermediate Pituitary: Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone The cells in the zone between the pituitary lobes secrete a hormone known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) that is formed by cleavage of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor protein. Local production of MSH in the skin is responsible for melanin production in response to UV light exposure. The role of MSH made by the pituitary is more complicated. For instance, people with lighter skin generally have the same amount of MSH as peo"}


Prompt:
What is the geographical relationship between the village of Kåfjord and the village of Kvenvik based on the Wikipedia excerpt?

Choices:
C. Kåfjord is located about 3 kilometers east of Kvenvik.
L. Kåfjord is located about 18 kilometers west of Kvenvik.
Q. Kåfjord is located to the west of Kvenvik.
H. Kåfjord is located to the south of Kvenvik.
M. Kåfjord is located to the north of Kvenvik.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the geographical relationship between the village of Kåfjord and the village of Kvenvik based on the Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nC. Kåfjord is located about 3 kilometers east of Kvenvik.\nL. Kåfjord is located about 18 kilometers west of Kvenvik.\nQ. Kåfjord is located to the west of Kvenvik.\nH. Kåfjord is located to the south of Kvenvik.\nM. Kåfjord is located to the north of Kvenvik."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What two elements do ribosome consist of?

Choices:
B. dna
I. rrna and proteins
D. malassezia and proteins
K. lafleur and proteins

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What two elements do ribosome consist of?\n\nChoices:\nB. dna\nI. rrna and proteins\nD. malassezia and proteins\nK. lafleur and proteins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "The ribosome consists of rRNA and proteins. It reads the sequence of codons in mRNA."}


Prompt:
Acid rain falling in lakes can kill aquatic organisms by lowering what?

Choices:
M. food level
A. saliva level
P. color level
H. ph level

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Acid rain falling in lakes can kill aquatic organisms by lowering what?\n\nChoices:\nM. food level\nA. saliva level\nP. color level\nH. ph level"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "If acid rain falls into lakes, it lowers the pH of the water and may kill aquatic organisms. If it falls on the ground, it may damage soil and soil organisms. If it falls on plants, it may make them sick or even kill them. Acid rain also damages stone buildings, bridges, and statues, like the one in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
Living in a large colony requires good communication. ants communicate with chemicals called what?

Choices:
P. pheromones
A. peptides
K. hormones
E. alkalides

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Living in a large colony requires good communication. ants communicate with chemicals called what?\n\nChoices:\nP. pheromones\nA. peptides\nK. hormones\nE. alkalides"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Living in a large colony requires good communication. Ants communicate with chemicals called pheromones . For example, an ant deposits pheromones on the ground as it returns to the nest from a food source. It is marking the path so other ants can find the food. Honeybees communicate by doing a \"waggle dance. \"."}


Prompt:
What was the name of the first international agreement on climate change?

Choices:
E. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
S. Kyoto Protocol
O. Red List
G. Montreal Protocol

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the name of the first international agreement on climate change?\n\nChoices:\nE. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)\nS. Kyoto Protocol\nO. Red List\nG. Montreal Protocol"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 753, "id": 753, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Through which process are plants able to make their own food?

Choices:
E. metabolism
O. glycolysis
T. cell division
H. photosynthesis

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Through which process are plants able to make their own food?\n\nChoices:\nE. metabolism\nO. glycolysis\nT. cell division\nH. photosynthesis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Standing near a campfire

Choices:
E. will make it difficult to see in the dark
T. will keep you toasty
P. will cool you down
K. will leave you shivering

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Standing near a campfire\n\nChoices:\nE. will make it difficult to see in the dark\nT. will keep you toasty\nP. will cool you down\nK. will leave you shivering"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
How do you test a hypothesis?

Choices:
C. conduct experiments
S. write things on paper
G. think of how they would work
R. ask a co-worker about it

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "How do you test a hypothesis?\n\nChoices:\nC. conduct experiments\nS. write things on paper\nG. think of how they would work\nR. ask a co-worker about it"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Conduct experiments or make observations to test the hypothesis."}


Prompt:
What is released when an atom gains valence electrons and forms a negative ion?

Choices:
G. energy
N. charge
O. heat
F. fusion

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is released when an atom gains valence electrons and forms a negative ion?\n\nChoices:\nG. energy\nN. charge\nO. heat\nF. fusion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "It takes energy to remove valence electrons from an atom and form a positive ion. Energy is released when an atom gains valence electrons and forms a negative ion."}


Prompt:
Wind or water that travels toward the poles from the equator curves in which direction?

Choices:
P. west
B. east
T. downward
D. upward

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Wind or water that travels toward the poles from the equator curves in which direction?\n\nChoices:\nP. west\nB. east\nT. downward\nD. upward"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "As wind or an ocean current moves, the Earth spins underneath it. Wind or water that travels toward the poles from the Equator curves to the east. Wind or water that travels toward the Equator from the poles curves to the west. The Coriolis effect bends the direction of surface currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. The currents curve left in the Southern Hemisphere ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
What type of engine burns fuel to heat water and produce steam?

Choices:
F. convection
R. condensation
C. conduction
M. combustion

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of engine burns fuel to heat water and produce steam?\n\nChoices:\nF. convection\nR. condensation\nC. conduction\nM. combustion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "An external combustion engine burns fuel to heat water and produce steam. The steam is under pressure and is used to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. As the piston moves back and forth, it moves a piston rod, which can do work."}


Prompt:
In a desert area plants grow

Choices:
C. closer together
L. in lines
F. underwater
K. farther apart

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "In a desert area plants grow\n\nChoices:\nC. closer together\nL. in lines\nF. underwater\nK. farther apart"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Insects are eaten by

Choices:
N. cats
H. dogs
G. lizard-like amphibians
J. flies

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Insects are eaten by\n\nChoices:\nN. cats\nH. dogs\nG. lizard-like amphibians\nJ. flies"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Some creatures can bring in prey by providing a source of light, such as

Choices:
B. Lophiiformes
P. crawfish
O. sharks
I. giant squid

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Some creatures can bring in prey by providing a source of light, such as\n\nChoices:\nB. Lophiiformes\nP. crawfish\nO. sharks\nI. giant squid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What are the elements of group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) called?

Choices:
N. antioxidants
J. metals
E. liquids
B. halogens

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the elements of group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) called?\n\nChoices:\nN. antioxidants\nJ. metals\nE. liquids\nB. halogens"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "The elements of Group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) are called the halogens . The halogens all have the general electron configuration n s 2 n p 5 , giving them seven valence electrons. They are one electron short of having full outer s and p sublevels, which makes them very reactive. They undergo especially vigorous reactions with the reactive alkali metals. In their pure elemental forms, chlorine and fluorine are gases at room temperature, bromine is a dark orange liqu"}


Prompt:
What is the title given to Chang Shuhong for his work at the Mogao Grottoes?

Choices:
L. Protector of the Mogao Grottoes
H. Documenter of the Ancient Artifacts
G. Master of Dunhuang
M. Guardian of the Dunhuang
K. Curator of the Ancient Artworks

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the title given to Chang Shuhong for his work at the Mogao Grottoes?\n\nChoices:\nL. Protector of the Mogao Grottoes\nH. Documenter of the Ancient Artifacts\nG. Master of Dunhuang\nM. Guardian of the Dunhuang\nK. Curator of the Ancient Artworks"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
An example of a flexible container

Choices:
G. Carrots
F. Play dough
Q. Bricks
O. Bones

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of a flexible container\n\nChoices:\nG. Carrots\nF. Play dough\nQ. Bricks\nO. Bones"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system?

Choices:
A. biodiversity
Q. chaos theory
F. enthropy
E. entropy

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system?\n\nChoices:\nA. biodiversity\nQ. chaos theory\nF. enthropy\nE. entropy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Figure 6.12 Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system. Gases have higher entropy than liquids, and liquids have higher entropy than solids."}


Prompt:
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies bind to and block certain receptors on muscle cells, preventing what?

Choices:
E. muscle contraction
K. muscle diffusion
J. muscle layer
P. muscle buildup

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "In myasthenia gravis, antibodies bind to and block certain receptors on muscle cells, preventing what?\n\nChoices:\nE. muscle contraction\nK. muscle diffusion\nJ. muscle layer\nP. muscle buildup"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
In which process do paired chromosomes normally separate from each other?

Choices:
D. gametes
K. diffusion
L. meiosis
C. mutations

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which process do paired chromosomes normally separate from each other?\n\nChoices:\nD. gametes\nK. diffusion\nL. meiosis\nC. mutations"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "In the process of meiosis, paired chromosomes normally separate from each other. They end up in different gametes. Sometimes, however, errors occur. The paired chromosomes fail to separate. When this happens, some gametes get an extra copy of a chromosome. Other gametes are missing a chromosome. If one of these gametes is fertilized and survives, a chromosomal disorder results. You can see examples of such disorders in Table below."}


Prompt:
What is the moon's shadow's inner part called?

Choices:
S. penumbra
T. umbra
Q. mullah
H. aurora

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the moon's shadow's inner part called?\n\nChoices:\nS. penumbra\nT. umbra\nQ. mullah\nH. aurora"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "The Moon's shadow has two distinct parts. The umbra is the inner, cone-shaped part of the shadow. It is the part in which all of the light has been blocked. The penumbra is the outer part of Moon's shadow. It is where the light is only partially blocked."}


Prompt:
In addition to being a pioneer of modern dance, Loie Fuller also made significant contributions in which of the following fields?

Choices:
M. Stage set design and construction.
A. The development of music therapy as a therapeutic approach.
R. Costume design and fashion innovation in the performing arts.
D. Theoretical research in the field of biomechanics and dance kinesiology.
G. Composition and musical arrangement for ballet and opera.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "In addition to being a pioneer of modern dance, Loie Fuller also made significant contributions in which of the following fields?\n\nChoices:\nM. Stage set design and construction.\nA. The development of music therapy as a therapeutic approach.\nR. Costume design and fashion innovation in the performing arts.\nD. Theoretical research in the field of biomechanics and dance kinesiology.\nG. Composition and musical arrangement for ballet and opera."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
panting is the equivalent to humans

Choices:
F. expelling water from their dermis
R. begging for water constantly
D. crying for hours on end
I. drowning in a small puddle

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "panting is the equivalent to humans\n\nChoices:\nF. expelling water from their dermis\nR. begging for water constantly\nD. crying for hours on end\nI. drowning in a small puddle"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What type of stress causes horizontal motions in strike-slip faults?

Choices:
P. shear
O. hot
S. cold
J. blunt

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of stress causes horizontal motions in strike-slip faults?\n\nChoices:\nP. shear\nO. hot\nS. cold\nJ. blunt"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is the most common cause of hearing loss?

Choices:
D. birth defect
P. quiet sounds
Q. loud sounds
R. infection

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the most common cause of hearing loss?\n\nChoices:\nD. birth defect\nP. quiet sounds\nQ. loud sounds\nR. infection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Many activities expose people to dangerously loud sounds that can cause hearing loss."}


Prompt:
Which is a good source of nutrients for a mushroom?

Choices:
N. a trotting horse
M. a roaring lion
P. a flying eagle
Q. a cut peony

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is a good source of nutrients for a mushroom?\n\nChoices:\nN. a trotting horse\nM. a roaring lion\nP. a flying eagle\nQ. a cut peony"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What is the significance of "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara in Nami Tamaki's discography?

Choices:
F. "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's fourth single, which was used as the ending theme for the TV Variety show Matthew's Best Hit TV and achieved a position of number 9 on the Oricon chart.
I. "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara is an unreleased demo track recorded by Nami Tamaki during her early career, which later became a fan-favorite after being leaked online.
E. "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's debut single, which gained popularity after being featured as the theme song for a popular anime series.
N. "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara is a cover song originally performed by a famous 1980s Japanese rock band, and Nami Tamaki's rendition is highly praised for her unique interpretation.
R. "Shining Star" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's latest single, released after a long hiatus, and showcases her evolved musical style incorporating elements of rock and electronic music.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara in Nami Tamaki's discography?\n\nChoices:\nF. \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's fourth single, which was used as the ending theme for the TV Variety show Matthew's Best Hit TV and achieved a position of number 9 on the Oricon chart.\nI. \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara is an unreleased demo track recorded by Nami Tamaki during her early career, which later became a fan-favorite after being leaked online.\nE. \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's debut single, which gained popularity after being featured as the theme song for a popular anime series.\nN. \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara is a cover song originally performed by a famous 1980s Japanese rock band, and Nami Tamaki's rendition is highly praised for her unique interpretation.\nR. \"Shining Star\" Wasurenai Kara is Nami Tamaki's latest single, released after a long hiatus, and showcases her evolved musical style incorporating elements of rock and electronic music."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
How does adding salt to water affect the boiling point?

Choices:
P. increases
O. reduces
L. no difference
Q. maintains

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "How does adding salt to water affect the boiling point?\n\nChoices:\nP. increases\nO. reduces\nL. no difference\nQ. maintains"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Salt is often added to boiling water when preparing spaghetti or other pasta. One reason is to add flavor to the food. Some people believe that the addition of salt increases the boiling point of the water. Technically, they are correct, but the increase is rather small. You would need to add over 100 grams of NaCl to a liter of water to increase the boiling point a couple of degrees, which is just not healthy."}


Prompt:
What is Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco known for in the boxing world and what title did he hold?

Choices:
S. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former IBF middleweight world champion and he held the WBO title.
C. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBC Youth Intercontinental welterweight champion and he held the WBC title.
O. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBO super featherweight world champion and he held the WBC title.
Q. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former undisputed heavyweight world champion and he held the WBO title.
R. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBC light flyweight world champion and he held the IBF title.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco known for in the boxing world and what title did he hold?\n\nChoices:\nS. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former IBF middleweight world champion and he held the WBO title.\nC. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBC Youth Intercontinental welterweight champion and he held the WBC title.\nO. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBO super featherweight world champion and he held the WBC title.\nQ. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former undisputed heavyweight world champion and he held the WBO title.\nR. Omar Alonso Chávez Carrasco is known for being a former WBC light flyweight world champion and he held the IBF title."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
A wasp will use it's stinger

Choices:
T. if a wasp is hanging out in it's nest
P. if the wasp is flying about unimpeded
H. if a person ignores the wasp
E. if a person grabs the wasp

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "A wasp will use it's stinger\n\nChoices:\nT. if a wasp is hanging out in it's nest\nP. if the wasp is flying about unimpeded\nH. if a person ignores the wasp\nE. if a person grabs the wasp"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
What chemical element helps forms strong bones and teeth in humans?

Choices:
S. iron
C. potassium
F. calcium
E. magnesium

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What chemical element helps forms strong bones and teeth in humans?\n\nChoices:\nS. iron\nC. potassium\nF. calcium\nE. magnesium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Minerals are chemical elements that are essential for body processes. They include calcium, which helps form strong bones and teeth, and potassium, which is needed for normal nerve and muscle function. Good sources of minerals include leafy, green vegetables, whole grains, milk, and meats."}


Prompt:
If an area of land is sloped to the right and a body of water is on that slope, then the river will flow

Choices:
O. pollution
G. to the left
J. species
H. to the right

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "If an area of land is sloped to the right and a body of water is on that slope, then the river will flow\n\nChoices:\nO. pollution\nG. to the left\nJ. species\nH. to the right"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What in the air allows us to hear sound?

Choices:
L. gases
A. rain
H. wind
I. water

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What in the air allows us to hear sound?\n\nChoices:\nL. gases\nA. rain\nH. wind\nI. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Sound is a form of energy that travels in waves. Sound waves can't travel through empty space, but they can travel through gases. Gases in the air allow us to hear most of the sounds in our world. Because of air, you can hear birds singing, horns tooting, and friends laughing. Without the atmosphere, the world would be a silent, eerie place."}


Prompt:
A man is trying to describe a single vat of juice he has. He needs the best way to tell his friend about the object, so he says

Choices:
F. 20 vats of juice
H. 20 ounces of juice
L. 20 feet of juice
S. 20 meters of juice

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "A man is trying to describe a single vat of juice he has. He needs the best way to tell his friend about the object, so he says\n\nChoices:\nF. 20 vats of juice\nH. 20 ounces of juice\nL. 20 feet of juice\nS. 20 meters of juice"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the process of turning sunlight's energy into food?

Choices:
F. atherosclerosis
A. glycolysis
S. photosynthesis
I. light compression

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the process of turning sunlight's energy into food?\n\nChoices:\nF. atherosclerosis\nA. glycolysis\nS. photosynthesis\nI. light compression"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Photosynthesis , the process of turning the energy of sunlight into ''food,'' is divided into two basic sets of reactions, known as the light reactions and the Calvin cycle, which uses carbon dioxide. As you study the details in other concepts, refer frequently to the chemical equation of photosynthesis: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light Energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 . Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells."}


Prompt:
What is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year?

Choices:
A. a valley
I. a peat
E. a wetland
H. a bog

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year?\n\nChoices:\nA. a valley\nI. a peat\nE. a wetland\nH. a bog"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "A wetland is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year. The water may be freshwater or salt water. Wetlands are extremely important biomes for several reasons:."}


Prompt:
What is beta-oxidation?

Choices:
E. the assembly of sugars
I. the breakdown of fatty acids
M. the removal of amino groups from amino acids
J. the breakdown of sugars

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is beta-oxidation?\n\nChoices:\nE. the assembly of sugars\nI. the breakdown of fatty acids\nM. the removal of amino groups from amino acids\nJ. the breakdown of sugars"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3346, "id": 3346, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the position held by Farzana Raja in Pakistani politics?

Choices:
L. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme.
E. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.
N. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
M. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.
C. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the Senate of Pakistan.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the position held by Farzana Raja in Pakistani politics?\n\nChoices:\nL. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme.\nE. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.\nN. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.\nM. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.\nC. Farzana Raja is a Pakistani politician who served as chair of the Benazir Income Support Programme and has been a Member of the Senate of Pakistan."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
A black wall reflects little light, a pink wall reflects pink light a while wall

Choices:
K. bounces little light
D. bounces red light
S. bounces blue light
A. bounces all light

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "A black wall reflects little light, a pink wall reflects pink light a while wall\n\nChoices:\nK. bounces little light\nD. bounces red light\nS. bounces blue light\nA. bounces all light"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Nonmetals typically lack what capability, because they hold onto their electrons?

Choices:
B. magnetic attraction
M. conducting electricity
K. repelling electricity
G. mental capacity

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Nonmetals typically lack what capability, because they hold onto their electrons?\n\nChoices:\nB. magnetic attraction\nM. conducting electricity\nK. repelling electricity\nG. mental capacity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Like most other nonmetals, fluorine cannot conduct electricity, and its electrons explain this as well. An electric current is a flow of electrons. Elements that readily give up electrons (the metals) can carry electric current because their electrons can flow freely. Elements that gain electrons instead of giving them up cannot carry electric current. They hold onto their electrons so they cannot flow."}


Prompt:
Pasteurization reduces the amount of bacteria in

Choices:
E. orange juice
F. green tea
B. almond milk
I. cheddar cheese

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Pasteurization reduces the amount of bacteria in\n\nChoices:\nE. orange juice\nF. green tea\nB. almond milk\nI. cheddar cheese"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
A bird would find nest making materials in a

Choices:
N. building
E. pond
S. tree
J. cave

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A bird would find nest making materials in a\n\nChoices:\nN. building\nE. pond\nS. tree\nJ. cave"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Magma pours out a volcano and what off a cliff

Choices:
Q. drips
N. freezes
P. sticks
D. suspends

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Magma pours out a volcano and what off a cliff\n\nChoices:\nQ. drips\nN. freezes\nP. sticks\nD. suspends"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]