Prompt:
What is the main economic activity in Donnybrook, Ontario?

Choices:
K. Donnybrook is known for its thriving tourism industry, with visitors flocking to experience its picturesque landscapes and recreational activities.
P. Donnybrook is renowned for its agricultural sector, with a variety of crops grown in the fertile lands surrounding the community.
C. Donnybrook is a hub for manufacturing and industrial activities, with factories and warehouses contributing significantly to the local economy.
L. Donnybrook is primarily a residential community, with most residents employed in nearby cities for various professions.
O. Donnybrook is primarily focused on the mining industry, extracting valuable minerals and resources from the surrounding area.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main economic activity in Donnybrook, Ontario?\n\nChoices:\nK. Donnybrook is known for its thriving tourism industry, with visitors flocking to experience its picturesque landscapes and recreational activities.\nP. Donnybrook is renowned for its agricultural sector, with a variety of crops grown in the fertile lands surrounding the community.\nC. Donnybrook is a hub for manufacturing and industrial activities, with factories and warehouses contributing significantly to the local economy.\nL. Donnybrook is primarily a residential community, with most residents employed in nearby cities for various professions.\nO. Donnybrook is primarily focused on the mining industry, extracting valuable minerals and resources from the surrounding area."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Sensory organs that respond to particular sensory stimuli contain cells called what?

Choices:
D. whole receptors
S. artificial receptors
E. sensory receptors
F. stimulus receptor

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sensory organs that respond to particular sensory stimuli contain cells called what?\n\nChoices:\nD. whole receptors\nS. artificial receptors\nE. sensory receptors\nF. stimulus receptor"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Sensory organs such as the eyes contain cells called sensory receptors that respond to particular sensory stimuli."}


Prompt:
A species become separated and becomes two separate species. what can they not do anymore?

Choices:
M. defecate
F. eat
C. grow
E. breed

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "A species become separated and becomes two separate species. what can they not do anymore?\n\nChoices:\nM. defecate\nF. eat\nC. grow\nE. breed"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Assume that some members of a species become geographically separated from the rest of the species. If they remain separated long enough, they may evolve genetic differences. If the differences prevent them from interbreeding with members of the original species, they have evolved into a new species. Speciation that occurs in this way is called allopatric speciation . An example is described in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
When there is an increase in atmospheric temperature, then

Choices:
N. glaciers become too large
D. Antartica and Greenland icebergs will melt
H. global sea level decreases
A. Earth absorbs less sunlight

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "When there is an increase in atmospheric temperature, then\n\nChoices:\nN. glaciers become too large\nD. Antartica and Greenland icebergs will melt\nH. global sea level decreases\nA. Earth absorbs less sunlight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Name the plant considered to be the ancestor of plants?

Choices:
A. grass
T. brown algae
B. green algae
K. ferns

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Name the plant considered to be the ancestor of plants?\n\nChoices:\nA. grass\nT. brown algae\nB. green algae\nK. ferns"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "The ancestor of plants is green algae. This picture shows a close up of algae on the beach."}


Prompt:
What force pulls object downwards to the earth?

Choices:
A. momentum
M. gravity
D. motion
I. kinetic energy

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What force pulls object downwards to the earth?\n\nChoices:\nA. momentum\nM. gravity\nD. motion\nI. kinetic energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Gravity near the Earth pulls an object downwards toward the surface of the Earth with an acceleration of . In the absence of air resistance, all objects will fall with the same acceleration. The letter is used as the symbol for the acceleration of gravity. When talking about an object's acceleration, whether it is due to gravity or not, the acceleration of gravity is sometimes used as a unit of measurement where . So an object accelerating at 2g's is accelerating at or."}


Prompt:
What happens to a cat's fur in the summer?

Choices:
E. It stays the same density
P. It becomes less dense
A. The fur becomes more dense
N. The fur becomes darker

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What happens to a cat's fur in the summer?\n\nChoices:\nE. It stays the same density\nP. It becomes less dense\nA. The fur becomes more dense\nN. The fur becomes darker"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Sound travels through the outer ear to the middle ear, which is bounded on its exterior by the what membrane?

Choices:
Q. serous
I. tympanic
P. mucous
B. cutaneous

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sound travels through the outer ear to the middle ear, which is bounded on its exterior by the what membrane?\n\nChoices:\nQ. serous\nI. tympanic\nP. mucous\nB. cutaneous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Figure 36.13 Sound travels through the outer ear to the middle ear, which is bounded on its exterior by the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains three bones called ossicles that transfer the sound wave to the oval window, the exterior boundary of the inner ear. The organ of Corti, which is the organ of sound transduction, lies inside the cochlea. (credit: modification of work by Lars Chittka, Axel Brockmann)."}


Prompt:
What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?

Choices:
H. increased transcription of a distant gene
Q. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase
M. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene
P. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?\n\nChoices:\nH. increased transcription of a distant gene\nQ. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase\nM. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene\nP. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1482, "id": 1482, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What rises through solid rocks where conditions are right?

Choices:
M. water
D. magma
J. nitrogen
O. crystals

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What rises through solid rocks where conditions are right?\n\nChoices:\nM. water\nD. magma\nJ. nitrogen\nO. crystals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Lithospheric plates do a lot of moving on Earth's surface. Slabs of lithosphere smash into each other. They move sideways past each other along faults. Where conditions are right, magma rises through solid rock. It's no wonder that rocks experience stress! Rocks respond differently to different types of stress and under different conditions."}


Prompt:
What is the significance of the order-6 square tiling in geometry?

Choices:
T. The order-6 square tiling is used as a mathematical model to explore the properties of triangles in spherical geometry.
D. The order-6 square tiling helps to determine the volume of three-dimensional shapes in hyperbolic space.
A. The order-6 square tiling provides a means to investigate the symmetry of regular polygons in the hyperbolic plane.
O. The order-6 square tiling is used to study the properties of right triangles in the Euclidean plane.
I. The order-6 square tiling allows for the calculation of the curvature of surfaces in non-Euclidean geometry.

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the order-6 square tiling in geometry?\n\nChoices:\nT. The order-6 square tiling is used as a mathematical model to explore the properties of triangles in spherical geometry.\nD. The order-6 square tiling helps to determine the volume of three-dimensional shapes in hyperbolic space.\nA. The order-6 square tiling provides a means to investigate the symmetry of regular polygons in the hyperbolic plane.\nO. The order-6 square tiling is used to study the properties of right triangles in the Euclidean plane.\nI. The order-6 square tiling allows for the calculation of the curvature of surfaces in non-Euclidean geometry."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
In a contest to see which would win based on size and weight, the winner with more of both would be

Choices:
T. pebble
Q. moon
S. Earth
I. cat

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "In a contest to see which would win based on size and weight, the winner with more of both would be\n\nChoices:\nT. pebble\nQ. moon\nS. Earth\nI. cat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is not a sustainable method businesses can use to raise capital (funding)?

Choices:
D. selling ownership shares
J. profitable operations
L. borrowing from lenders
O. tax refunds

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is not a sustainable method businesses can use to raise capital (funding)?\n\nChoices:\nD. selling ownership shares\nJ. profitable operations\nL. borrowing from lenders\nO. tax refunds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 13, "id": 13, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What instrument is used to make objects in space appear closer?

Choices:
D. microscope
H. mirror
B. telescope
G. GPS

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What instrument is used to make objects in space appear closer?\n\nChoices:\nD. microscope\nH. mirror\nB. telescope\nG. GPS"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Telescopes made objects in space seem closer. But they didn't make it any easier to visit them. Human space flight required something entirely different: rockets."}


Prompt:
What scale measures acidity?

Choices:
C. ph scale
S. salinity scale
K. frequency scale
M. richter scale

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What scale measures acidity?\n\nChoices:\nC. ph scale\nS. salinity scale\nK. frequency scale\nM. richter scale"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Note that Earth's axis of rotation is tilted. The axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. This plane is the one that solar system bodies are mostly lined up in."}


Prompt:
The diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born is called?

Choices:
R. specific diaganosis
H. specialized diagnosis
N. immature diagnosis
S. prenatal diagnosis

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born is called?\n\nChoices:\nR. specific diaganosis\nH. specialized diagnosis\nN. immature diagnosis\nS. prenatal diagnosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What is it called when currents keep reversing direction?

Choices:
N. emitting current
M. stream current
G. circle current
J. alternating current

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is it called when currents keep reversing direction?\n\nChoices:\nN. emitting current\nM. stream current\nG. circle current\nJ. alternating current"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "When current keeps reversing direction, it is called alternating current (AC) . You can see how it works in the two diagrams below. The current that comes from a power plant and supplies electricity to homes and businesses is alternating current. The current changes direction 60 times per second. It happens so quickly that the light bulb doesn't have a chance to stop glowing when the reversals occur."}


Prompt:
What word describes a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience?

Choices:
M. heredity
D. learning
B. applying
T. taking

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What word describes a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience?\n\nChoices:\nM. heredity\nD. learning\nB. applying\nT. taking"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Learning is a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience."}


Prompt:
Where would one likely find the least water?

Choices:
H. in the elephant's habitat
Q. in the cactus' habitat
E. in the crab's habitat
G. in the cow's habitat

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where would one likely find the least water?\n\nChoices:\nH. in the elephant's habitat\nQ. in the cactus' habitat\nE. in the crab's habitat\nG. in the cow's habitat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Which is true?

Choices:
Q. stars and balloons share some of the same gases
D. balloons and stars are the same size
N. balloons and stars contain sodium
P. balloons and stars are composed of exactly the same materials

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is true?\n\nChoices:\nQ. stars and balloons share some of the same gases\nD. balloons and stars are the same size\nN. balloons and stars contain sodium\nP. balloons and stars are composed of exactly the same materials"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
What is the difference between equity financing and debt financing?

Choices:
O. debt financing means the company has no debt.
R. equity financing involves borrowing money.
K. equity financing involves selling part of the company.
C. debt financing involves selling part of the company.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the difference between equity financing and debt financing?\n\nChoices:\nO. debt financing means the company has no debt.\nR. equity financing involves borrowing money.\nK. equity financing involves selling part of the company.\nC. debt financing involves selling part of the company."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2974, "id": 2974, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What happens when someone on top of a bicycle starts pushing it's peddles in a circular motion?

Choices:
L. the bike accelerates
T. the bike turns
N. the bike wheelies
M. the bike brakes

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What happens when someone on top of a bicycle starts pushing it's peddles in a circular motion?\n\nChoices:\nL. the bike accelerates\nT. the bike turns\nN. the bike wheelies\nM. the bike brakes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What is the 1995 horror/mystery novel, Traveling with the Dead, by Barbara Hambly, about?

Choices:
P. Traveling with the Dead is a science fiction novel that explores the concept of time travel and its consequences.
R. Traveling with the Dead is a horror/mystery novel delving into the supernatural as a protagonist uncovers a dark secret about an ancient curse.
Q. Traveling with the Dead is a romance novel set in the 18th century, featuring forbidden love and societal expectations.
C. Traveling with the Dead is a historical fiction novel highlighting the events during the French Revolution.
F. Traveling with the Dead is a thriller novel that follows a detective's investigation into a series of gruesome murders.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the 1995 horror/mystery novel, Traveling with the Dead, by Barbara Hambly, about?\n\nChoices:\nP. Traveling with the Dead is a science fiction novel that explores the concept of time travel and its consequences.\nR. Traveling with the Dead is a horror/mystery novel delving into the supernatural as a protagonist uncovers a dark secret about an ancient curse.\nQ. Traveling with the Dead is a romance novel set in the 18th century, featuring forbidden love and societal expectations.\nC. Traveling with the Dead is a historical fiction novel highlighting the events during the French Revolution.\nF. Traveling with the Dead is a thriller novel that follows a detective's investigation into a series of gruesome murders."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What may be the ancestor of placental mammals?

Choices:
L. eomaia
R. spirogyra
P. amphibians
C. fungi

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What may be the ancestor of placental mammals?\n\nChoices:\nL. eomaia\nR. spirogyra\nP. amphibians\nC. fungi"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The earliest placental mammals may have evolved about 110 million years ago. The ancestor of placental mammals may be the extinct genus Eomaia . Fossils of Eomaia have been found in what is now China. It was only about 10 centimeters (4 inches) long. It was a tree climber and probably ate insects and worms. Eomaia had several traits of placental mammals. Figure below shows how Eomaia may have looked."}


Prompt:
Which of the following is correct about endocrine glands?

Choices:
F. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs
G. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
N. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
K. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is correct about endocrine glands?\n\nChoices:\nF. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs\nG. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream\nN. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands\nK. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 362, "id": 362, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The nephron is the functional unit of what pair of organs?

Choices:
P. lungs
J. eyes
G. kidneys
F. ribs

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The nephron is the functional unit of what pair of organs?\n\nChoices:\nP. lungs\nJ. eyes\nG. kidneys\nF. ribs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Figure 41.6 The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. The glomerulus and convoluted tubules are located in the kidney cortex, while collecting ducts are located in the pyramids of the medulla. (credit: modification of work by NIDDK)."}


Prompt:
What is the historical significance of Dartington International Summer School?

Choices:
O. Dartington International Summer School is located in a modern building that was specifically built to house the festival and its participants.
Q. Dartington International Summer School offers a unique educational program that combines music theory and practice with philosophy and literature.
A. Dartington International Summer School is renowned for its collaborations with famous musicians and composers from around the globe.
J. Dartington International Summer School hosts a range of cultural activities including visual arts exhibitions and theatre performances.
H. Dartington International Summer School has been operating for over 100 years and is one of the oldest music festivals in the world.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the historical significance of Dartington International Summer School?\n\nChoices:\nO. Dartington International Summer School is located in a modern building that was specifically built to house the festival and its participants.\nQ. Dartington International Summer School offers a unique educational program that combines music theory and practice with philosophy and literature.\nA. Dartington International Summer School is renowned for its collaborations with famous musicians and composers from around the globe.\nJ. Dartington International Summer School hosts a range of cultural activities including visual arts exhibitions and theatre performances.\nH. Dartington International Summer School has been operating for over 100 years and is one of the oldest music festivals in the world."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Collision frequency is greater for what category of catalysts, which also tend to be more sensitive to temperature and more 'expensive'?

Choices:
L. homogeneous
T. analogous
F. heterogeneous
S. contiguous

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Collision frequency is greater for what category of catalysts, which also tend to be more sensitive to temperature and more 'expensive'?\n\nChoices:\nL. homogeneous\nT. analogous\nF. heterogeneous\nS. contiguous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Heterogeneous catalysts are easier to recover. Collision frequency is greater for homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts are often more sensitive to temperature. Homogeneous catalysts are often more expensive. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books."}


Prompt:
As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of what?

Choices:
A. white privilege
L. scapegoating theory
G. intersection theory
I. conflict theory

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of what?\n\nChoices:\nA. white privilege\nL. scapegoating theory\nG. intersection theory\nI. conflict theory"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2523, "id": 2523, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
when it turns day and night on a planet, what cause this?

Choices:
H. the world itself spins, causing it
E. the moon causes this to happen
F. the planet puts off the lights
L. the sun goes to take a rest in a different place

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "when it turns day and night on a planet, what cause this?\n\nChoices:\nH. the world itself spins, causing it\nE. the moon causes this to happen\nF. the planet puts off the lights\nL. the sun goes to take a rest in a different place"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What makes nobel gases unreactive?

Choices:
S. magnetism
T. fusion
I. chemical reaction
H. its electon configuration

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What makes nobel gases unreactive?\n\nChoices:\nS. magnetism\nT. fusion\nI. chemical reaction\nH. its electon configuration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "The noble gases are unreactive because of their electron configurations. American chemist Gilbert Lewis (1875-1946) used this observation to explain the types of ions and molecules that are formed by other elements. He called his explanation the octet rule. The octet rule states that elements tend to form compounds in ways that give each atom eight valence electrons. An exception to this rule is the elements in the first period, which are particularly stable when they have two valence electrons."}


Prompt:
What "color" (that is actually not a color at all) is associated with the absence of light?

Choices:
E. clear
I. grey
P. black
R. opaque

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What \"color\" (that is actually not a color at all) is associated with the absence of light?\n\nChoices:\nE. clear\nI. grey\nP. black\nR. opaque"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The color of light that strikes an object may also affect the color that the object appears. For example, if only blue light strikes a red apple, the blue light is absorbed and no light is reflected. When no light reflects from an object, it looks black. Black isn't a color. It is the absence of light."}


Prompt:
nonrenewable resources include all but

Choices:
L. coal
H. oil
A. sunlight
D. natural gas

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "nonrenewable resources include all but\n\nChoices:\nL. coal\nH. oil\nA. sunlight\nD. natural gas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Amorphous selenium is a photosensitive what?

Choices:
I. electromagnet
Q. diffusion
A. semiconductor
J. insulator

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Amorphous selenium is a photosensitive what?\n\nChoices:\nI. electromagnet\nQ. diffusion\nA. semiconductor\nJ. insulator"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Because amorphous selenium is a photosensitive semiconductor, exposing an electrostatically charged Se film to light causes the positive charge on the film to be discharged in all areas that are white in the original. Dark areas in the original block the light and generate an invisible, positively charged image. To produce an image on paper, negatively charged toner particles are attracted to the positive image, transferred to a negatively charged sheet of blank paper, and fused with the paper a"}


Prompt:
What is the main feature of Fear Effect Sedna?

Choices:
G. Fear Effect Sedna was developed by a renowned Japanese studio known for their critically acclaimed action-adventure games.
I. Fear Effect Sedna is a virtual reality game that requires the use of motion-sensing controllers for gameplay.
C. Fear Effect Sedna is a single-player game that focuses on puzzle-solving and character development.
O. Fear Effect Sedna is an isometric video game, featuring a perspective where the player views the game from a fixed angle.
J. Fear Effect Sedna is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) with a vast open-world environment.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main feature of Fear Effect Sedna?\n\nChoices:\nG. Fear Effect Sedna was developed by a renowned Japanese studio known for their critically acclaimed action-adventure games.\nI. Fear Effect Sedna is a virtual reality game that requires the use of motion-sensing controllers for gameplay.\nC. Fear Effect Sedna is a single-player game that focuses on puzzle-solving and character development.\nO. Fear Effect Sedna is an isometric video game, featuring a perspective where the player views the game from a fixed angle.\nJ. Fear Effect Sedna is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) with a vast open-world environment."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Tree rings can

Choices:
Q. tell you what year a tree was planted
K. indicate the year the tree will die
B. tell you how tall a tree is
H. indicate how often the tree needs pruning

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Tree rings can\n\nChoices:\nQ. tell you what year a tree was planted\nK. indicate the year the tree will die\nB. tell you how tall a tree is\nH. indicate how often the tree needs pruning"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of which?

Choices:
Q. isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate
R. succinyl CoA into succinate
S. malate into oxaloacetate
P. fumarate into malate

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of which?\n\nChoices:\nQ. isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate\nR. succinyl CoA into succinate\nS. malate into oxaloacetate\nP. fumarate into malate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3340, "id": 3340, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
In the simple cubic system, the atoms or ions are located in which part of the cell?

Choices:
P. plasma
Q. mitochondria
I. corners
D. walls

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "In the simple cubic system, the atoms or ions are located in which part of the cell?\n\nChoices:\nP. plasma\nQ. mitochondria\nI. corners\nD. walls"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Three unit cells of the cubic crystal system. Each sphere represents an atom or an ion. In the simple cubic system, the atoms or ions are at the corners of the unit cell only. In the face-centered unit cell, there are also atoms or ions in the center of each of the six faces of the unit cell. In the body-centered unit cell, there is one atom or ion in the center of the unit cell in addition to the corner atoms or ions."}


Prompt:
What is the formation of organs from the germ layers called?

Choices:
R. photosynthesis
H. biosynthesis
T. synaptogenesis
L. organogenesis

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the formation of organs from the germ layers called?\n\nChoices:\nR. photosynthesis\nH. biosynthesis\nT. synaptogenesis\nL. organogenesis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "43.7 Organogenesis and Vertebrate Formation Organogenesis is the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each germ layer gives rise to specific tissue types. The first stage is the formation of the neural system in the ectoderm. The mesoderm gives rise to somites and the notochord. Formation of vertebrate axis is another important developmental stage."}


Prompt:
Proteins are organic compounds made up of what type of acids?

Choices:
E. enzyme
Q. amino
P. lactic
L. nucleic

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Proteins are organic compounds made up of what type of acids?\n\nChoices:\nE. enzyme\nQ. amino\nP. lactic\nL. nucleic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids. They form muscles, speed up chemical reactions, and perform many other cellular functions."}


Prompt:
As the amount of fragrance of a flower increases, the better chances it has at

Choices:
J. reproducing
C. dying
H. growing
P. looking pretty

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "As the amount of fragrance of a flower increases, the better chances it has at\n\nChoices:\nJ. reproducing\nC. dying\nH. growing\nP. looking pretty"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
The U.S. patent system was designed to tap the creative and productive potential of which of the following?

Choices:
M. Their abundant natural resources.
J. Rich agricultural lands.
Q. Their large stock of imported goods and machinery.
I. An enterprising population with a "universal ambition to go forward"

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The U.S. patent system was designed to tap the creative and productive potential of which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nM. Their abundant natural resources.\nJ. Rich agricultural lands.\nQ. Their large stock of imported goods and machinery.\nI. An enterprising population with a \"universal ambition to go forward\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2259, "id": 2259, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is an area of land called that is wet for all or part of the year?

Choices:
L. grassland
H. plains
J. wetland
R. tundra

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an area of land called that is wet for all or part of the year?\n\nChoices:\nL. grassland\nH. plains\nJ. wetland\nR. tundra"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "A wetland is an area that is wet for all or part of the year. Wetlands are home to certain types of plants."}


Prompt:
how can one alter plants without interacting directly with it?

Choices:
B. leave it as it is
F. all of these
I. change its current habitat
R. do a rain dance

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "how can one alter plants without interacting directly with it?\n\nChoices:\nB. leave it as it is\nF. all of these\nI. change its current habitat\nR. do a rain dance"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
Displacement is the separation between a beginning position and what other place?

Choices:
O. final position
Q. current position
M. first position
I. made position

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Displacement is the separation between a beginning position and what other place?\n\nChoices:\nO. final position\nQ. current position\nM. first position\nI. made position"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The separation between original and final position is called displacement."}


Prompt:
What is the significance of the song "Fíjate Bien" on Juanes' debut solo studio album?

Choices:
C. "Fíjate Bien" is a song written for a movie soundtrack.
H. "Fíjate Bien" is an instrumental track without any lyrics.
J. "Fíjate Bien" is the title track and first radio single from Juanes' debut solo studio album.
R. "Fíjate Bien" is a song that was not well received by critics and fans.
B. "Fíjate Bien" is a cover song originally written and performed by another artist.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the song \"Fíjate Bien\" on Juanes' debut solo studio album?\n\nChoices:\nC. \"Fíjate Bien\" is a song written for a movie soundtrack.\nH. \"Fíjate Bien\" is an instrumental track without any lyrics.\nJ. \"Fíjate Bien\" is the title track and first radio single from Juanes' debut solo studio album.\nR. \"Fíjate Bien\" is a song that was not well received by critics and fans.\nB. \"Fíjate Bien\" is a cover song originally written and performed by another artist."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What are sugars broken down into in your digestive system?

Choices:
K. nicotine
A. insulin
P. glucose
G. starch

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are sugars broken down into in your digestive system?\n\nChoices:\nK. nicotine\nA. insulin\nP. glucose\nG. starch"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Sugars are small, simple carbohydrates. They are found in foods such as milk and fruit. Sugars in foods such as these are broken down by your digestive system to glucose, the simplest of all sugars. Glucose is taken up by cells for energy."}


Prompt:
Which hospital in London merged with St George's Hospital?

Choices:
K. The King's College Hospital.
I. The Victoria Hospital for Children.
L. The St Thomas' Hospital.
R. The Royal London Hospital.
M. The Great Ormond Street Hospital.

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which hospital in London merged with St George's Hospital?\n\nChoices:\nK. The King's College Hospital.\nI. The Victoria Hospital for Children.\nL. The St Thomas' Hospital.\nR. The Royal London Hospital.\nM. The Great Ormond Street Hospital."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
When vapor condenses overnight it often ends up on

Choices:
B. bees
J. rosebuds
F. clothing
C. people

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "When vapor condenses overnight it often ends up on\n\nChoices:\nB. bees\nJ. rosebuds\nF. clothing\nC. people"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four classes of what type of compounds?

Choices:
R. chromosomal compounds
S. reversible compounds
N. nutrient compounds
M. biochemical compounds

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four classes of what type of compounds?\n\nChoices:\nR. chromosomal compounds\nS. reversible compounds\nN. nutrient compounds\nM. biochemical compounds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Carbohydrates are one of four classes of biochemical compounds. The other three classes are proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In addition to cellulose, carbohydrates include sugars and starches. Carbohydrate molecules contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Living things use carbohydrates mainly for energy. For more in-depth information on carbohydrates, you may want to watch the videos at these URLs:."}


Prompt:
Huge calderas form when the mountain above an empty chamber of what collapses?

Choices:
F. magma
R. coal
S. mercury
T. gas

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Huge calderas form when the mountain above an empty chamber of what collapses?\n\nChoices:\nF. magma\nR. coal\nS. mercury\nT. gas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "During a massive eruption, all of the material may be ejected from a magma changer. Without support, the mountain above the empty chamber may collapse. This produces a huge caldera . Calderas are generally round, bowl-shaped formations ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
Context:
As conservative r egimes tried to consolidate their po wer , liberalism and nationalism came to
be increasingly associated with revolution in many r egions of Europe such as the Italian and
German states , the pr ovinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland. These revolutions
were led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the educated middle-class elite, among whom
were professors, schoolteachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle classes. The
first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had been restored to
po wer during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal
revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. 'When F
rance snee zes,' Metternich once remar ked, 'the rest of Europe catches cold. ' The July
Revolution spar ked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United
Kingdom of the Netherlands . An event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated
elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Greece had been part of the Ottoman
Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe spar ked
off a strug gle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. Nationalists in
Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who
had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of
European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its strug gle a gainst a Muslim
empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where
he died of fever in 1824. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an
independent nation. The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and
territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and
poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings . Let us look at
Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to de velop a particular form of nationalist
sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science
and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. Their effort was to create a
sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. Other
Romantics such as the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that
true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was
through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was
popularised. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project
of nation-building. The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore was
not just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to
large audienc

Question:
What was the main goal of the national workshops set up in Paris in 1848?

Choices:
E. To suppress dissent and maintain order in the city.
H. To provide employment and alleviate the suffering of the unemployed.
M. To train skilled workers for specialized industries.
C. To promote industrialization and technological advancement.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nAs conservative r egimes tried to consolidate their po wer , liberalism and nationalism came to\nbe increasingly associated with revolution in many r egions of Europe such as the Italian and\nGerman states , the pr ovinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland. These revolutions\nwere led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the educated middle-class elite, among whom\nwere professors, schoolteachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle classes. The\nfirst upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had been restored to\npo wer during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal\nrevolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. 'When F\nrance snee zes,' Metternich once remar ked, 'the rest of Europe catches cold. ' The July\nRevolution spar ked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United\nKingdom of the Netherlands . An event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated\nelite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Greece had been part of the Ottoman\nEmpire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe spar ked\noff a strug gle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. Nationalists in\nGreece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who\nhad sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of\nEuropean civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its strug gle a gainst a Muslim\nempire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where\nhe died of fever in 1824. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an\nindependent nation. The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and\nterritorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and\npoetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings . Let us look at\nRomanticism, a cultural movement which sought to de velop a particular form of nationalist\nsentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science\nand focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. Their effort was to create a\nsense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. Other\nRomantics such as the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that\ntrue German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was\nthrough folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was\npopularised. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project\nof nation-building. The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore was\nnot just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to\nlarge audienc\n\nQuestion:\nWhat was the main goal of the national workshops set up in Paris in 1848?\n\nChoices:\nE. To suppress dissent and maintain order in the city.\nH. To provide employment and alleviate the suffering of the unemployed.\nM. To train skilled workers for specialized industries.\nC. To promote industrialization and technological advancement."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms?

Choices:
Q. calcium
R. nitrogen
B. chlorine
I. iodine

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms?\n\nChoices:\nQ. calcium\nR. nitrogen\nB. chlorine\nI. iodine"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms, so the formula is CCl4. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books."}


Prompt:
An example of heat changing the state of matter could be

Choices:
F. a bath being more comfortable when it is hot
L. jello becoming liquid when placed in a hot pan
J. a pool receiving more visitors when warmed
H. water becoming warm when heated

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of heat changing the state of matter could be\n\nChoices:\nF. a bath being more comfortable when it is hot\nL. jello becoming liquid when placed in a hot pan\nJ. a pool receiving more visitors when warmed\nH. water becoming warm when heated"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What was H. Wilfrida Leakey's significant discovery in the field of paleoanthropology?

Choices:
G. Leakey discovered a collection of ancient pottery and ceramic artifacts at FLK.
T. Leakey discovered an ancient stone tool and fossil site known as Frida Leakey Korongo (FLK).
S. Leakey discovered a vast underground cave system near FLK, containing intricate rock formations.
J. Leakey discovered a lost civilization at FLK, revealing advanced technologies and societal structures.
R. Leakey discovered a new species of hominid at FLK, challenging existing theories of human evolution.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was H. Wilfrida Leakey's significant discovery in the field of paleoanthropology?\n\nChoices:\nG. Leakey discovered a collection of ancient pottery and ceramic artifacts at FLK.\nT. Leakey discovered an ancient stone tool and fossil site known as Frida Leakey Korongo (FLK).\nS. Leakey discovered a vast underground cave system near FLK, containing intricate rock formations.\nJ. Leakey discovered a lost civilization at FLK, revealing advanced technologies and societal structures.\nR. Leakey discovered a new species of hominid at FLK, challenging existing theories of human evolution."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What kind of plants lack xylem or phloem to transport nutrients, water, and food?

Choices:
N. nonvascular
H. spicule
O. trichina
S. single-celled

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of plants lack xylem or phloem to transport nutrients, water, and food?\n\nChoices:\nN. nonvascular\nH. spicule\nO. trichina\nS. single-celled"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Nonvascular plants evolved first. They are distinct from the algae because they keep the embryo inside of the reproductive structure after fertilization. These plants do not have vascular tissue, xylem or phloem, to transport nutrients, water, and food. Examples include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Without vascular tissue, these plants do not grow very tall."}


Prompt:
What type of particles do acids release, by definition?

Choices:
T. nucleic acids
L. hydrogen ions
M. fission ions
H. quarks

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of particles do acids release, by definition?\n\nChoices:\nT. nucleic acids\nL. hydrogen ions\nM. fission ions\nH. quarks"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Acids are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions."}


Prompt:
in science, what is a cause and effect guess called?

Choices:
C. an academic hypothesis
M. a wild guess
D. a big problem
S. a final solution

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "in science, what is a cause and effect guess called?\n\nChoices:\nC. an academic hypothesis\nM. a wild guess\nD. a big problem\nS. a final solution"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Where is Tokyo International School located?

Choices:
K. Tokyo International School is located in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.
E. Tokyo International School is located in Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
H. Tokyo International School is located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
T. Tokyo International School is located in Minami Azabu, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
S. Tokyo International School is located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is Tokyo International School located?\n\nChoices:\nK. Tokyo International School is located in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.\nE. Tokyo International School is located in Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.\nH. Tokyo International School is located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.\nT. Tokyo International School is located in Minami Azabu, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.\nS. Tokyo International School is located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
A woman wants to figure out what renewable resources she can use in order to be more environmentally friendly and sufficient. She decides to use all of these resources that are renewable, with the exception of the one nonrenewable, which is

Choices:
O. aluminium
J. sunlight
D. water
R. wood

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A woman wants to figure out what renewable resources she can use in order to be more environmentally friendly and sufficient. She decides to use all of these resources that are renewable, with the exception of the one nonrenewable, which is\n\nChoices:\nO. aluminium\nJ. sunlight\nD. water\nR. wood"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What prevents an object from moving in a straight line at a constant speed?

Choices:
L. friction
T. force
I. weight
R. matter

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What prevents an object from moving in a straight line at a constant speed?\n\nChoices:\nL. friction\nT. force\nI. weight\nR. matter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Newton's first law implies that an object oscillating back and forth is experiencing forces. Without force, the object would move in a straight line at a constant speed rather than oscillate. Consider, for example, plucking a plastic ruler to the left as shown in Figure 16.2. The deformation of the ruler creates a force in the opposite direction, known as a restoring force. Once released, the restoring force causes the ruler to move back toward its stable equilibrium position, where the net forc"}


Prompt:
Plant growth may be positively affected by

Choices:
T. extra rainfall
L. increase in pests
S. freezing temperatures
D. long droughts

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Plant growth may be positively affected by\n\nChoices:\nT. extra rainfall\nL. increase in pests\nS. freezing temperatures\nD. long droughts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Plants derive what from soil?

Choices:
B. roots and oxygen
G. pollination and germination
F. life sustaining substances
I. oxygen and argon

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Plants derive what from soil?\n\nChoices:\nB. roots and oxygen\nG. pollination and germination\nF. life sustaining substances\nI. oxygen and argon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Creep, which usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently, involves movement of particles due to what force?

Choices:
C. gravity
M. wind
F. friction
J. normal

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Creep, which usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently, involves movement of particles due to what force?\n\nChoices:\nC. gravity\nM. wind\nF. friction\nJ. normal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Creep usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently. Soil and rock particles are lifted up when the ground freezes. When the ground thaws, the particles settle down again. Each time they settle down, they move a tiny bit farther down the slope because of gravity."}


Prompt:
To positively impact an ecosystem

Choices:
F. burn plastic
M. smoke
B. litter
K. sow seeds

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "To positively impact an ecosystem\n\nChoices:\nF. burn plastic\nM. smoke\nB. litter\nK. sow seeds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What structure forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell?

Choices:
K. Lipid bilayer
N. Flippases
O. Cytoskeleton
P. cell membrane

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What structure forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell?\n\nChoices:\nK. Lipid bilayer\nN. Flippases\nO. Cytoskeleton\nP. cell membrane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The cell membrane is like the bag holding the Jell-O. It encloses the cytoplasm of the cell. It forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell. The function of the cell membrane is to protect and support the cell. It also controls what enters or leaves the cell. It allows only certain substances to pass through. It keeps other substances inside or outside the cell."}


Prompt:
What is the physical breakdown of chunks of food into smaller pieces?

Choices:
L. dissolving
E. mechanical catalyst
H. mechanical digestion
T. mechanical accumulation

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the physical breakdown of chunks of food into smaller pieces?\n\nChoices:\nL. dissolving\nE. mechanical catalyst\nH. mechanical digestion\nT. mechanical accumulation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of chunks of food into smaller pieces. This type of digestion takes place mainly in the mouth and stomach."}


Prompt:
The loss in value from all causes within a property except those due to physical deterioration is known as which of the following?

Choices:
D. functional obsolescence
P. true obsolescence
A. deterioration
N. obsolescence

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The loss in value from all causes within a property except those due to physical deterioration is known as which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nD. functional obsolescence\nP. true obsolescence\nA. deterioration\nN. obsolescence"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 595, "id": 595, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What two types of digestive systems do invertebrates have?

Choices:
T. fast or slow
D. slow or complete
F. incomplete or complete
S. unstable or complete

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What two types of digestive systems do invertebrates have?\n\nChoices:\nT. fast or slow\nD. slow or complete\nF. incomplete or complete\nS. unstable or complete"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Invertebrates have one of two types of digestive system: an incomplete or complete digestive system. Both are shown in Figure below . An incomplete digestive system consists of a digestive cavity with one opening. The single opening serves as both mouth and anus. A complete digestive system consists of a digestive tract with two openings. One opening is the mouth. The other is the anus."}


Prompt:
What was the significance of the UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen event that took place on August 17, 2013?

Choices:
B. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen marked the debut of a new weight class in the UFC.
J. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event to be held at the TD Garden in Boston.
P. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen featured a record-breaking number of submissions.
E. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event to be exclusively broadcasted on a streaming platform.
D. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event in UFC history to have two main events.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the significance of the UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen event that took place on August 17, 2013?\n\nChoices:\nB. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen marked the debut of a new weight class in the UFC.\nJ. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event to be held at the TD Garden in Boston.\nP. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen featured a record-breaking number of submissions.\nE. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event to be exclusively broadcasted on a streaming platform.\nD. UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Sonnen was the first event in UFC history to have two main events."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What type of carbon compound is methane?

Choices:
L. alternating compounds
K. dynamic organic compounds
S. volatile organic compounds
P. stable compounds

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of carbon compound is methane?\n\nChoices:\nL. alternating compounds\nK. dynamic organic compounds\nS. volatile organic compounds\nP. stable compounds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon compounds, such as methane. VOCs are released by many human activities. Raising livestock, for example, produces a lot of methane."}


Prompt:
The global pattern of precipitation is influenced by movements of what?

Choices:
Q. air masses
P. pollution masses
E. clouds
S. air valleys

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "The global pattern of precipitation is influenced by movements of what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. air masses\nP. pollution masses\nE. clouds\nS. air valleys"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The global pattern of precipitation is influenced by movements of air masses. For example, there is a global belt of dry air masses and low precipitation at about 30° N and 30° S latitude."}


Prompt:
celestial bodies are known to

Choices:
H. travel through deep space
B. slingshot around the galaxy
R. crash into each other
N. circle balls of hydrogen

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "celestial bodies are known to\n\nChoices:\nH. travel through deep space\nB. slingshot around the galaxy\nR. crash into each other\nN. circle balls of hydrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Why was New Tulsa dissolved as a town in 2001?

Choices:
K. The residents of New Tulsa voted for it to become part of the city of Broken Arrow.
A. New Tulsa's economy collapsed, leading to abandonment by its residents.
E. New Tulsa's local government decided to merge with a neighboring town for administrative efficiency.
B. A natural disaster caused severe damage to New Tulsa, rendering it uninhabitable.
Q. New Tulsa's population exceeded the limit for it to be considered a town.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why was New Tulsa dissolved as a town in 2001?\n\nChoices:\nK. The residents of New Tulsa voted for it to become part of the city of Broken Arrow.\nA. New Tulsa's economy collapsed, leading to abandonment by its residents.\nE. New Tulsa's local government decided to merge with a neighboring town for administrative efficiency.\nB. A natural disaster caused severe damage to New Tulsa, rendering it uninhabitable.\nQ. New Tulsa's population exceeded the limit for it to be considered a town."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
At a specific point in a frigid month, the waking hours illumination will be

Choices:
R. growing new plants
L. lasting the longest
T. overwhelming hot
H. ending sooner

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "At a specific point in a frigid month, the waking hours illumination will be\n\nChoices:\nR. growing new plants\nL. lasting the longest\nT. overwhelming hot\nH. ending sooner"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by what?

Choices:
L. vitamins
K. enzymes
G. proteins
J. carbohydrates

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by what?\n\nChoices:\nL. vitamins\nK. enzymes\nG. proteins\nJ. carbohydrates"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Enzymes are critical to the body's healthy functioning. They assist, for example, with the breakdown of food and its conversion to energy. In fact, most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by enzymes."}


Prompt:
Which of the following has the highest energy?

Choices:
M. light with a long wavelength
S. light with a short wavelength
J. It is impossible to tell from the information given.
L. light with an intermediate wavelength

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following has the highest energy?\n\nChoices:\nM. light with a long wavelength\nS. light with a short wavelength\nJ. It is impossible to tell from the information given.\nL. light with an intermediate wavelength"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 951, "id": 951, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The right atrium receives all of the systemic venous return. most of the blood flows into either the superior vena cava or this?

Choices:
D. identical vena cava
N. inferior vena cava
M. resulted vena cava
S. exterior vena cava

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "The right atrium receives all of the systemic venous return. most of the blood flows into either the superior vena cava or this?\n\nChoices:\nD. identical vena cava\nN. inferior vena cava\nM. resulted vena cava\nS. exterior vena cava"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The right atrium receives all of the systemic venous return. Most of the blood flows into either the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava. If you draw an imaginary line at the level of the diaphragm, systemic venous circulation from above that line will generally flow into the superior vena cava; this includes blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and upper limbs. The exception to this is that most venous blood flow from the coronary veins flows directly into the coronary sinus and fr"}


Prompt:
Why does ice wedging occur?

Choices:
P. water evaporates
C. water expands
D. water freezes
S. water melts

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why does ice wedging occur?\n\nChoices:\nP. water evaporates\nC. water expands\nD. water freezes\nS. water melts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Ice wedging happens because water expands as it goes from liquid to solid. When the temperature is warm, water works its way into cracks in rock. When the temperature cools below freezing, the water turns to ice and expands. The ice takes up more space. Over time, this wedges the rock apart. Ice wedging is very effective at weathering. You can find large piles of broken rock at the base of a slope. These rocks were broken up by ice wedging. Once loose, they tumbled down the slope."}


Prompt:
What encloses and defines the borders of cells?

Choices:
T. plasma membranes
N. cells membranes
P. clear membranes
H. artificial membranes

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What encloses and defines the borders of cells?\n\nChoices:\nT. plasma membranes\nN. cells membranes\nP. clear membranes\nH. artificial membranes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "CHAPTER SUMMARY 5.1 Components and Structure The modern understanding of the plasma membrane is referred to as the fluid mosaic model. The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids, with their hydrophobic, fatty acid tails in contact with each other. The landscape of the membrane is studded with proteins, some of which span the membrane. Some of these proteins serve to transport materials into or out of the cell. Carbohydrates are attached to some of the proteins and lipids on th"}


Prompt:
What type of climates is malaria commonly found in?

Choices:
K. arid and arctic
L. tropical and permafrost
C. tropic and arctic
J. tropical and subtropical

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of climates is malaria commonly found in?\n\nChoices:\nK. arid and arctic\nL. tropical and permafrost\nC. tropic and arctic\nJ. tropical and subtropical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Malaria is common in tropical and subtropical climates throughout the world (see Figure below ). In fact, malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases on the planet. Malaria is also a very serious disease. It kills several million people each year, most of them children."}


Prompt:
What kind of a reaction if peptide bond formation?

Choices:
H. dehydration synthesis reaction
S. reversed synthesis reaction
A. molten synthesis reaction
N. recharge synthesis reaction

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of a reaction if peptide bond formation?\n\nChoices:\nH. dehydration synthesis reaction\nS. reversed synthesis reaction\nA. molten synthesis reaction\nN. recharge synthesis reaction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Figure 3.24 Peptide bond formation is a dehydration synthesis reaction. The carboxyl group of one amino acid is linked to the amino group of the incoming amino acid. In the process, a molecule of water is released."}


Prompt:
A skunk wards off predators with

Choices:
S. a noxious spray
T. bad taste
C. smelling good
K. a powerful nose

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A skunk wards off predators with\n\nChoices:\nS. a noxious spray\nT. bad taste\nC. smelling good\nK. a powerful nose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
The jejunum is about 0.9 meters (3 feet) long (in life) and runs from the duodenum to the ileum. jejunum means "empty" in latin and supposedly was so named by the ancient greeks who noticed it was always what?

Choices:
F. weeks at death
P. empty at death
S. black at death
E. time.the at death

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "The jejunum is about 0.9 meters (3 feet) long (in life) and runs from the duodenum to the ileum. jejunum means \"empty\" in latin and supposedly was so named by the ancient greeks who noticed it was always what?\n\nChoices:\nF. weeks at death\nP. empty at death\nS. black at death\nE. time.the at death"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________. titin b. troponin c. myoglobin d. tropomyosin 17. The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called a ________. myofibril b. sarcolemma c. sarcoplasm d. myofilament."}


Prompt:
What is the term for small streams?

Choices:
T. canals
M. wetlands
J. rivers
R. tributaries

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for small streams?\n\nChoices:\nT. canals\nM. wetlands\nJ. rivers\nR. tributaries"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Small streams often flow into bigger streams or rivers. The small streams are called tributaries . A river and all its tributaries make up a river system."}


Prompt:
Isotopes have different number of these in their nuclei?

Choices:
B. neutrons
K. atoms
D. protons
P. electrons

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Isotopes have different number of these in their nuclei?\n\nChoices:\nB. neutrons\nK. atoms\nD. protons\nP. electrons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei."}


Prompt:
Humans typically have how many pairs of chromosomes?

Choices:
C. 25 pairs
B. 17 pairs
T. 14 pairs
L. 23 pairs

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Humans typically have how many pairs of chromosomes?\n\nChoices:\nC. 25 pairs\nB. 17 pairs\nT. 14 pairs\nL. 23 pairs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "No, you only received half of your mother's chromosomes and half of your father's chromosomes. If you inherited them all, you would have twice the number of chromosomes that you're supposed to have. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes. If you received all your parents' chromosomes, you would have 46 pairs!."}


Prompt:
A beak is used for catching prey by some birds, like how they are used by

Choices:
M. chickadees
O. glass flamingos
L. chicks
S. plastic parrots

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "A beak is used for catching prey by some birds, like how they are used by\n\nChoices:\nM. chickadees\nO. glass flamingos\nL. chicks\nS. plastic parrots"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Choices:
P. lectin
D. chitin
H. proteins
R. casein

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the cell walls of fungi made of?\n\nChoices:\nP. lectin\nD. chitin\nH. proteins\nR. casein"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin. Chitin is a tough carbohydrate that also makes up the outer skeleton of insects. The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose."}


Prompt:
An electron microscope can

Choices:
N. recreate an entire image
Q. create completed replicas of animals
K. burn plastic with ease
J. move small magnets around

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "An electron microscope can\n\nChoices:\nN. recreate an entire image\nQ. create completed replicas of animals\nK. burn plastic with ease\nJ. move small magnets around"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
In the context of the provided excerpt, what is the specific characteristic of Usnea trichodea, commonly known as bony beard lichen?

Choices:
D. It is a fruticose lichen with a pendant growth form.
I. It is native to eastern North America.
E. It is pale straw-colored in appearance.
L. It grows exclusively on trees.
S. It is commonly found in North American forests.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "In the context of the provided excerpt, what is the specific characteristic of Usnea trichodea, commonly known as bony beard lichen?\n\nChoices:\nD. It is a fruticose lichen with a pendant growth form.\nI. It is native to eastern North America.\nE. It is pale straw-colored in appearance.\nL. It grows exclusively on trees.\nS. It is commonly found in North American forests."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Skin that acts as camouflage or secretes chemicals poisonous to predators are successful modification in frogs and salamanders, classed as what in the order anura?

Choices:
H. parasites
S. fungi
E. amphibians
T. reptiles

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Skin that acts as camouflage or secretes chemicals poisonous to predators are successful modification in frogs and salamanders, classed as what in the order anura?\n\nChoices:\nH. parasites\nS. fungi\nE. amphibians\nT. reptiles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "View River Monsters: Fish With Arms and Hands? (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/river_monster) to see a video about an unusually large salamander species. Anura: Frogs Frogs are amphibians that belong to the order Anura (Figure 29.17). Anurans are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates, with approximately 5,965 species that occur on all of the continents except Antarctica. Anurans have a body plan that is more specialized for movement. Adult frogs use their hind limbs to jump on land. Frogs "}


Prompt:
What is a triplex locomotive design?

Choices:
J. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.
M. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but without any extra set of driving wheels under the tender.
H. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using two pairs of cylinders powering two sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.
K. A triplex locomotive is an electric locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.
A. A triplex locomotive is a diesel locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is a triplex locomotive design?\n\nChoices:\nJ. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.\nM. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but without any extra set of driving wheels under the tender.\nH. A triplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using two pairs of cylinders powering two sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.\nK. A triplex locomotive is an electric locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender.\nA. A triplex locomotive is a diesel locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using three pairs of cylinders powering three sets of driving wheels. All the examples that have been produced were of the Mallet type but with one extra set of driving wheels under the tender."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
The temporomandibular joint (tmj) is the joint that allows for opening (mandibular depression) and closing (mandibular elevation) of this?

Choices:
C. nose
L. mouth
N. eyes
O. ears

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The temporomandibular joint (tmj) is the joint that allows for opening (mandibular depression) and closing (mandibular elevation) of this?\n\nChoices:\nC. nose\nL. mouth\nN. eyes\nO. ears"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Temporomandibular Joint The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that allows for opening (mandibular depression) and closing (mandibular elevation) of the mouth, as well as side-to-side and protraction/retraction motions of the lower jaw. This joint involves the articulation between the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone, with the condyle (head) of the mandible. Located between these bony structures, filling the gap between the skull and mandible, is a flexible ar"}


Prompt:
Which is the final step of cell division?

Choices:
I. Mitosis
S. electrolysis
G. cytokinesis
K. genesys

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is the final step of cell division?\n\nChoices:\nI. Mitosis\nS. electrolysis\nG. cytokinesis\nK. genesys"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division. It often occurs concurrently with telophase, though it is a separate process. Cytokinesis ( Figure below ) differs between plant and animal cells. In animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches inward along the cell's equator until two cells are formed. Specifically, a cleavage furrow containing a contractile ring develops in approximately the middle of the cell (similar to the position of the metaphase plate), essentially pinching off the two nuclei"}


Prompt:
Where does the Japanese marten live?

Choices:
T. In Europe
J. In Australia
O. In Japan
G. In Africa

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where does the Japanese marten live?\n\nChoices:\nT. In Europe\nJ. In Australia\nO. In Japan\nG. In Africa"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"id": 5914800, "title": "Japanese marten", "grade_level": "grade 1 and 2", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
A substance people use for writing also helps an animal deal with

Choices:
R. climate change
H. predators
A. food
O. human activity

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "A substance people use for writing also helps an animal deal with\n\nChoices:\nR. climate change\nH. predators\nA. food\nO. human activity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What holds together the small molecules called nucleotides which make up nucleic acids?

Choices:
A. permanent bonds
C. covalent bonds
F. curvature bonds
R. dissonance bonds

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What holds together the small molecules called nucleotides which make up nucleic acids?\n\nChoices:\nA. permanent bonds\nC. covalent bonds\nF. curvature bonds\nR. dissonance bonds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Nucleic acids consist of chains of small molecules called nucleotides, which are held together by covalent bonds."}


Prompt:
How did Kazakhstan perform at the 2022 World Games in terms of medals?

Choices:
C. Kazakhstan won one gold medal, three silver medals, and five bronze medals, finishing in 62nd place in the medal table.
K. Kazakhstan won one gold medal, two silver medals, and one bronze medal, finishing in 37th place in the medal table.
M. Kazakhstan won three gold medals, one silver medal, and two bronze medals, finishing in 25th place in the medal table.
Q. Kazakhstan won two gold medals, one silver medal, and four bronze medals, finishing in 50th place in the medal table.
N. Kazakhstan won five gold medals, three silver medals, and two bronze medals, finishing in 10th place in the medal table.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "How did Kazakhstan perform at the 2022 World Games in terms of medals?\n\nChoices:\nC. Kazakhstan won one gold medal, three silver medals, and five bronze medals, finishing in 62nd place in the medal table.\nK. Kazakhstan won one gold medal, two silver medals, and one bronze medal, finishing in 37th place in the medal table.\nM. Kazakhstan won three gold medals, one silver medal, and two bronze medals, finishing in 25th place in the medal table.\nQ. Kazakhstan won two gold medals, one silver medal, and four bronze medals, finishing in 50th place in the medal table.\nN. Kazakhstan won five gold medals, three silver medals, and two bronze medals, finishing in 10th place in the medal table."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What is the origin of the Weiße Frauen in German folklore?

Choices:
H. The Weiße Frauen were first mentioned in historical records from the 16th century.
D. The Weiße Frauen are spirits that originated from Greek mythology.
P. The Weiße Frauen were created from Germanic paganism in the Middle Ages.
M. The Weiße Frauen are mythical creatures that were introduced to German folklore in the 19th century.
Q. The Weiße Frauen are beings that emerged from Dutch folklore in the 7th century.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the origin of the Weiße Frauen in German folklore?\n\nChoices:\nH. The Weiße Frauen were first mentioned in historical records from the 16th century.\nD. The Weiße Frauen are spirits that originated from Greek mythology.\nP. The Weiße Frauen were created from Germanic paganism in the Middle Ages.\nM. The Weiße Frauen are mythical creatures that were introduced to German folklore in the 19th century.\nQ. The Weiße Frauen are beings that emerged from Dutch folklore in the 7th century."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
All the water in the open ocean is referred to as what zone, which is further divided by depth?

Choices:
F. aquatic
S. oceanic
D. terrestrial
Q. pelagic

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "All the water in the open ocean is referred to as what zone, which is further divided by depth?\n\nChoices:\nF. aquatic\nS. oceanic\nD. terrestrial\nQ. pelagic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Other ocean zones are farther from shore in the open ocean. All the water in the open ocean is called the pelagic zone. It is further divided by depth:."}


Prompt:
Gametogenesis, the production of sperm and eggs, takes place through the process of this?

Choices:
M. mutations
Q. gametes
E. meiosis
L. osmosis

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Gametogenesis, the production of sperm and eggs, takes place through the process of this?\n\nChoices:\nM. mutations\nQ. gametes\nE. meiosis\nL. osmosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis) Gametogenesis, the production of sperm and eggs, takes place through the process of meiosis. During meiosis, two cell divisions separate the paired chromosomes in the nucleus and then separate the chromatids that were made during an earlier stage of the cell's life cycle. Meiosis produces haploid cells with half of each pair of chromosomes normally found in diploid cells. The production of sperm is called spermatogenesis and the production of eggs is"}


Prompt:
What are known clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure?

Choices:
F. baroreceptors
H. the cardiovascular center
S. angioreceptors
T. the cardiomotor mechanism

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are known clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure?\n\nChoices:\nF. baroreceptors\nH. the cardiovascular center\nS. angioreceptors\nT. the cardiomotor mechanism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 805, "id": 805, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is raising the temperature of earth's surface?

Choices:
O. greenhouse effect
T. photosynthesis effect
S. ozone layer
F. Coriolis effect

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is raising the temperature of earth's surface?\n\nChoices:\nO. greenhouse effect\nT. photosynthesis effect\nS. ozone layer\nF. Coriolis effect"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels increase the natural greenhouse effect. This is raising the temperature of Earth's surface, and is called global warming."}


Prompt:
What process is at work when warm air or water rises, and cool air or water sinks?

Choices:
F. radiation
S. evaporation
R. moisture
P. convection

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What process is at work when warm air or water rises, and cool air or water sinks?\n\nChoices:\nF. radiation\nS. evaporation\nR. moisture\nP. convection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Warmer, lighter air is more buoyant than the cooler air above it. So the warm air rises. The cooler air is denser than the air beneath it. So it sinks down. This is convection: warm air rises, and cool air sinks. Warm fluids can undergo convection as well. This is described in the chapter Plate Tectonics ."}


Prompt:
What vehicle would you use to travel on the majority of the surface of the planet on which we live?

Choices:
Q. Car
E. Bike
M. Train
A. Boat

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What vehicle would you use to travel on the majority of the surface of the planet on which we live?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Car\nE. Bike\nM. Train\nA. Boat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond are known as?

Choices:
G. alkynes
F. aromatic hydrocarbons
D. benzenes
L. alkenes

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond are known as?\n\nChoices:\nG. alkynes\nF. aromatic hydrocarbons\nD. benzenes\nL. alkenes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond are called alkynes . The name of specific alkynes always end in – yne , with a prefix for the number of carbon atoms. Figure below shows the smallest alkyne, called ethyne, which has just two carbon atoms. Ethyne is also called acetylene. It is burned in acetylene torches, like the one in Figure below . Acetylene produces so much heat when it burns that it can melt metal. Breaking all those bonds between carbon atoms releases a lot o"}


Prompt:
Science fact: as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease. However, sales could possibly grow with

Choices:
J. advertising
G. eclipse
M. bad press
E. price increases

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Science fact: as the sale of a product decreases , the amount of money made by the person selling that product will decrease. However, sales could possibly grow with\n\nChoices:\nJ. advertising\nG. eclipse\nM. bad press\nE. price increases"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following accurately describes the painting "The Tears of Saint Peter" by El Greco?

Choices:
H. "The Tears of Saint Peter" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is the only known work on the subject by the artist.
B. "The Tears of Saint Peter" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is not similar to any other works by the artist.
G. "The Tears of Saint Peter" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is part of a series of works on the same subject by the artist.
E. "The Tears of Saint Peter" is a painting by El Greco that is not dated and has no connection to the painting style he is known for.
L. "The Tears of Saint Peter" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is similar to works on completely different subjects by the artist.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following accurately describes the painting \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" by El Greco?\n\nChoices:\nH. \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is the only known work on the subject by the artist.\nB. \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is not similar to any other works by the artist.\nG. \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is part of a series of works on the same subject by the artist.\nE. \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" is a painting by El Greco that is not dated and has no connection to the painting style he is known for.\nL. \"The Tears of Saint Peter\" is a c.1587-1596 painting by El Greco that is similar to works on completely different subjects by the artist."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What does the synovial membrane do in a synovial joint?

Choices:
E. forms the fibrous connective walls of the joint cavity
L. secretes the lubricating synovial fluid
D. forms the intracapsular ligaments
J. is the layer of cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the synovial membrane do in a synovial joint?\n\nChoices:\nE. forms the fibrous connective walls of the joint cavity\nL. secretes the lubricating synovial fluid\nD. forms the intracapsular ligaments\nJ. is the layer of cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2175, "id": 2175, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move them where to their what gradient?

Choices:
D. down; concentration
H. up; electrochemical
B. down; pressure
F. up; electrical

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move them where to their what gradient?\n\nChoices:\nD. down; concentration\nH. up; electrochemical\nB. down; pressure\nF. up; electrical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1685, "id": 1685, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
In what kind of bond does one atom contribute both of the electrons in the shared pair?

Choices:
I. a metallic bond
K. a covalent bond
N. a valence bond
G. an ionic bond

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "In what kind of bond does one atom contribute both of the electrons in the shared pair?\n\nChoices:\nI. a metallic bond\nK. a covalent bond\nN. a valence bond\nG. an ionic bond"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "The carbon monoxide molecule is correctly represented by a triple covalent bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms. One of the bonds is a coordinate covalent bond , a covalent bond in which one of the atoms contributes both of the electrons in the shared pair."}


Prompt:
What is the population of Laurieton according to the 2016 census?

Choices:
T. 42
Q. 365
F. It is not mentioned in the excerpt
O. The population is constantly changing.
G. 1,986

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the population of Laurieton according to the 2016 census?\n\nChoices:\nT. 42\nQ. 365\nF. It is not mentioned in the excerpt\nO. The population is constantly changing.\nG. 1,986"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the process in which cells make proteins called?

Choices:
E. catalysis
C. synthesis
L. apoptosis
F. respiration

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the process in which cells make proteins called?\n\nChoices:\nE. catalysis\nC. synthesis\nL. apoptosis\nF. respiration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "The process in which cells make proteins is called protein synthesis . It actually consists of two processes: transcription and translation. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein."}


Prompt:
You're most likely to encounter magma at

Choices:
R. an island
M. top of iceberg
S. a space station
A. a cloud

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "You're most likely to encounter magma at\n\nChoices:\nR. an island\nM. top of iceberg\nS. a space station\nA. a cloud"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What is the population of Yass River, according to the 2016 census?

Choices:
O. 350
H. 500
Q. 550
N. 200
M. 450

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the population of Yass River, according to the 2016 census?\n\nChoices:\nO. 350\nH. 500\nQ. 550\nN. 200\nM. 450"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Bats have many quirks, with the exception of

Choices:
G. hanging upside down
C. laying eggs
F. using echolocation
H. eating bugs

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Bats have many quirks, with the exception of\n\nChoices:\nG. hanging upside down\nC. laying eggs\nF. using echolocation\nH. eating bugs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Manganin is made up of metals that include copper, manganese and nickel - what do you generally call a metal of this type?

Choices:
A. mixed metal
M. alloy
I. silicon
R. complex metal

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Manganin is made up of metals that include copper, manganese and nickel - what do you generally call a metal of this type?\n\nChoices:\nA. mixed metal\nM. alloy\nI. silicon\nR. complex metal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "for metals, meaning their resistivity increases with temperature. Some alloys have been developed specifically to have a small temperature dependence. Manganin (which is made of copper, manganese and nickel), for example, has α close to zero (to three digits on the scale in Table 20.2), and so its resistivity varies only slightly with temperature. This is useful for making a temperature-independent resistance standard, for example."}


Prompt:
If a farmland up the hill gets rainfall, what could happen to lower lands?

Choices:
K. they could have their lands poisoned
N. all of these
H. they could get fertilizer washed to them
J. they could experience unfavorable chemical change in their lands

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a farmland up the hill gets rainfall, what could happen to lower lands?\n\nChoices:\nK. they could have their lands poisoned\nN. all of these\nH. they could get fertilizer washed to them\nJ. they could experience unfavorable chemical change in their lands"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What prevents loss of water from the body and keeps out microorganisms?

Choices:
B. muscles
Q. the skin'
I. sweat
L. hydration

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What prevents loss of water from the body and keeps out microorganisms?\n\nChoices:\nB. muscles\nQ. the skin'\nI. sweat\nL. hydration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The skin prevents loss of water from the body and keeps out microorganisms. Melanin in the epidermis protects the dermis from damaging ultraviolet light. By dilating or contracting its blood vessels and releasing sweat, skin helps maintain a constant body temperature."}


Prompt:
At a meal one plate seems to be larger than the other plates. That plate is

Choices:
O. plate in a kitchen cabinet
M. the person sitting next to you's plate
Q. a person at the other side of the table's plate
T. plate on the kitchen counter

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "At a meal one plate seems to be larger than the other plates. That plate is\n\nChoices:\nO. plate in a kitchen cabinet\nM. the person sitting next to you's plate\nQ. a person at the other side of the table's plate\nT. plate on the kitchen counter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
What characteristic of birds is related to the food they eat?

Choices:
G. tail
J. beak
D. feet
A. feathers

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What characteristic of birds is related to the food they eat?\n\nChoices:\nG. tail\nJ. beak\nD. feet\nA. feathers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The size and shape of the beak is related to the food the bird eats and can vary greatly among different birds. Parrots have down-curved, hooked bills, which are well-adapted for cracking seeds and nuts ( Figure below ). Hummingbirds, on the other hand, have long, thin, pointed bills, which are adapted for getting the nectar out of flowers ( Figure below ). Hawks, eagles, falcons and owls have a sharp, hooked beak."}


Prompt:
What type of evolution happens when two species evolve the same traits?

Choices:
B. multiplicative
T. convergent
H. associated
Q. divergent

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of evolution happens when two species evolve the same traits?\n\nChoices:\nB. multiplicative\nT. convergent\nH. associated\nQ. divergent"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Sometimes two species evolve the same traits. It happens because they live in similar habitats. This is called convergent evolution . Caribbean Anoles demonstrate this as well."}


Prompt:
What does it mean if a species is listed as 'Least Concern'?

Choices:
Q. The species is newly discovered and not yet studied.
C. The species is very rare and needs protection.
P. The species is only found in one part of the world.
F. The species is abundant and not at risk of extinction.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does it mean if a species is listed as 'Least Concern'?\n\nChoices:\nQ. The species is newly discovered and not yet studied.\nC. The species is very rare and needs protection.\nP. The species is only found in one part of the world.\nF. The species is abundant and not at risk of extinction."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"id": 1241658, "title": "Brazilian teal", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 0}


Prompt:
What type of pressure is the amount of force that is exerted by gases in the air surrounding any given surface?

Choices:
B. fluid
J. atmospheric
E. vapor
M. gravitational

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of pressure is the amount of force that is exerted by gases in the air surrounding any given surface?\n\nChoices:\nB. fluid\nJ. atmospheric\nE. vapor\nM. gravitational"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Pulmonary ventilation is dependent on three types of pressure: atmospheric, intra-alveolar, and interpleural. Atmospheric pressure is the amount of force that is exerted by gases in the air surrounding any given surface, such as the body. Atmospheric pressure can be expressed in terms of the unit atmosphere, abbreviated atm, or in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). One atm is equal to 760 mm Hg, which is the atmospheric pressure at sea level. Typically, for respiration, other pressure values are di"}


Prompt:
What combine the spinal sensory and motor components with a sensory input that directly generates a motor response?

Choices:
T. tissues
O. senses
E. shocks
B. reflexes

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What combine the spinal sensory and motor components with a sensory input that directly generates a motor response?\n\nChoices:\nT. tissues\nO. senses\nE. shocks\nB. reflexes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Reflexes Reflexes combine the spinal sensory and motor components with a sensory input that directly generates a motor response. The reflexes that are tested in the neurological exam are classified into two groups. A deep tendon reflex is commonly known as a stretch reflex, and is elicited by a strong tap to a tendon, such as in the knee-jerk reflex. A superficial reflex is elicited through gentle stimulation of the skin and causes contraction of the associated muscles. For the arm, the common r"}


Prompt:
In solids, particles can't overcome the force of attraction between them because they lack what?

Choices:
D. kinetic energy
N. momentum
M. gravity
K. residual energy

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "In solids, particles can't overcome the force of attraction between them because they lack what?\n\nChoices:\nD. kinetic energy\nN. momentum\nM. gravity\nK. residual energy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "In solids, particles don't have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them. The particles are packed closely together and cannot move around. All they can do is vibrate. This explains why solids have a fixed volume and shape."}


Prompt:
The type of climate change known as anthropogenic is caused by this:

Choices:
C. forest fires
G. humanity
S. increased sunlight
F. volcanic activity

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The type of climate change known as anthropogenic is caused by this:\n\nChoices:\nC. forest fires\nG. humanity\nS. increased sunlight\nF. volcanic activity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following reflects the most light?

Choices:
T. root beer
G. snow
S. coal
N. the night sky

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following reflects the most light?\n\nChoices:\nT. root beer\nG. snow\nS. coal\nN. the night sky"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Food digestion in humans can be aided by

Choices:
M. amoebas in the blood supply
P. carbon dioxide from the respiration process
J. hundreds of white blood cells
T. microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Food digestion in humans can be aided by\n\nChoices:\nM. amoebas in the blood supply\nP. carbon dioxide from the respiration process\nJ. hundreds of white blood cells\nT. microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]