Prompt:
Context:
After learning about how the earth was born, how it evolved its crust and other inner layers, how
its crustal plates moved and are moving, and other information on earthquakes, the forms of
volcanism and about the rocks and minerals the crust is composed of, it is time to know in detail
about the surface of the earth on which we live. Let us start with this question. Why is the
surface of the earth uneven? The earth's crust is dynamic. You are well aware that it has moved
and moves vertically and horizontally. Of course, it moved a bit faster in the past than the rate at
which it is moving now. The differences in the internal forces operating from within the earth
which built up the crust have been responsible for the variations in the outer surface of the crust.
The earth's surface is being continuously subjected to external forces induced basically by
energy (sunlight). Of course, the internal forces are still active though with different intensities.
That means, the earth's surface is being continuously subjected to by external forces originating
within the earth's atmosphere and by internal forces from within the earth. The external forces
are known as exogenic forces and the internal forces are known as endogenic forces. The
actions of exogenic forces result in wearing down (degradation) of relief/elevations and filling up
(aggradation) of basins/ depressions, on the earth's surface. The phenomenon of wearing down
of relief variations of the surface of the earth through erosion is known as gradation. The
endogenic forces continuously elevate or build up parts of the earth's surface and hence the
exogenic processes fail to even out the relief variations of the surface of the earth. So,
variations remain as long as the opposing actions of exogenic and endogenic forces continue.
In general terms, the endogenic forces are mainly land building forces and the exogenic
processes are mainly land wearing forces. The surface of the earth is sensitive. Humans
depend on it for their sustenance and have been using it extensively and intensively. So, it is
essential to understand its nature in order to use it effectively without disturbing its balance and
diminishing its potential for the future. Almost all organisms contribute to sustain the earth's
environment. However, humans have caused extensive damage to the environment through
over use of resources. Use we must, but must also leave it potential enough to sustain life
through the future. Most of the surface of the earth had and has been shaped over very long
periods of time (hundreds and thousands of years) and because of its use and misuse by
humans its potential is being diminished at a fast rate. If the processes which shaped and are
shaping the surface of the earth into varieties of forms (shapes) and the nature of materials of
which it is composed of, are understood, precautions can be taken to minimise the detrimental
effects of human use and to preserve it for posterity. GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES

Question:
Which of the following is considered a land-building force?

Choices:
N. Endogenic force
E. Erosion
J. Exogenic force Medium
I. Weathering

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nAfter learning about how the earth was born, how it evolved its crust and other inner layers, how\nits crustal plates moved and are moving, and other information on earthquakes, the forms of\nvolcanism and about the rocks and minerals the crust is composed of, it is time to know in detail\nabout the surface of the earth on which we live. Let us start with this question. Why is the\nsurface of the earth uneven? The earth's crust is dynamic. You are well aware that it has moved\nand moves vertically and horizontally. Of course, it moved a bit faster in the past than the rate at\nwhich it is moving now. The differences in the internal forces operating from within the earth\nwhich built up the crust have been responsible for the variations in the outer surface of the crust.\nThe earth's surface is being continuously subjected to external forces induced basically by\nenergy (sunlight). Of course, the internal forces are still active though with different intensities.\nThat means, the earth's surface is being continuously subjected to by external forces originating\nwithin the earth's atmosphere and by internal forces from within the earth. The external forces\nare known as exogenic forces and the internal forces are known as endogenic forces. The\nactions of exogenic forces result in wearing down (degradation) of relief/elevations and filling up\n(aggradation) of basins/ depressions, on the earth's surface. The phenomenon of wearing down\nof relief variations of the surface of the earth through erosion is known as gradation. The\nendogenic forces continuously elevate or build up parts of the earth's surface and hence the\nexogenic processes fail to even out the relief variations of the surface of the earth. So,\nvariations remain as long as the opposing actions of exogenic and endogenic forces continue.\nIn general terms, the endogenic forces are mainly land building forces and the exogenic\nprocesses are mainly land wearing forces. The surface of the earth is sensitive. Humans\ndepend on it for their sustenance and have been using it extensively and intensively. So, it is\nessential to understand its nature in order to use it effectively without disturbing its balance and\ndiminishing its potential for the future. Almost all organisms contribute to sustain the earth's\nenvironment. However, humans have caused extensive damage to the environment through\nover use of resources. Use we must, but must also leave it potential enough to sustain life\nthrough the future. Most of the surface of the earth had and has been shaped over very long\nperiods of time (hundreds and thousands of years) and because of its use and misuse by\nhumans its potential is being diminished at a fast rate. If the processes which shaped and are\nshaping the surface of the earth into varieties of forms (shapes) and the nature of materials of\nwhich it is composed of, are understood, precautions can be taken to minimise the detrimental\neffects of human use and to preserve it for posterity. GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES \n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is considered a land-building force?\n\nChoices:\nN. Endogenic force\nE. Erosion\nJ. Exogenic force Medium\nI. Weathering"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the role of T.J. Rooney in Pennsylvania politics?

Choices:
C. T.J. Rooney has been a prominent figure in Pennsylvania politics, frequently providing political commentary on local news channels.
J. T.J. Rooney is the current chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party and a former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
I. T.J. Rooney has served as a political consultant for various Democratic candidates in Pennsylvania.
N. T.J. Rooney has actively advocated for campaign finance reform in Pennsylvania through grassroots movements.
H. T.J. Rooney has been instrumental in establishing bipartisan initiatives to address economic development in Pennsylvania.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the role of T.J. Rooney in Pennsylvania politics?\n\nChoices:\nC. T.J. Rooney has been a prominent figure in Pennsylvania politics, frequently providing political commentary on local news channels.\nJ. T.J. Rooney is the current chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party and a former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.\nI. T.J. Rooney has served as a political consultant for various Democratic candidates in Pennsylvania.\nN. T.J. Rooney has actively advocated for campaign finance reform in Pennsylvania through grassroots movements.\nH. T.J. Rooney has been instrumental in establishing bipartisan initiatives to address economic development in Pennsylvania."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Desertification can result from slash-and-burn agriculture, which causes loss of what?

Choices:
L. fertilizer
F. subsoil
D. topsoil
E. sediment

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Desertification can result from slash-and-burn agriculture, which causes loss of what?\n\nChoices:\nL. fertilizer\nF. subsoil\nD. topsoil\nE. sediment"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Slash-and-burn agriculture can lead to desertification, meaning the fertile top soil is lost."}


Prompt:
Why does the moon evolve around the earth rather than the sun?

Choices:
L. stronger planetary force
B. weaker gravitational force
J. stronger magnetic force
M. stronger gravitational force

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why does the moon evolve around the earth rather than the sun?\n\nChoices:\nL. stronger planetary force\nB. weaker gravitational force\nJ. stronger magnetic force\nM. stronger gravitational force"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity. For example, the moon is closer to Earth than it is to the more massive sun, so the force of gravity is greater between the moon and Earth than between the moon and the sun. That's why the moon circles around Earth rather than the sun. This is illustrated in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
What roads intersect in the community of Salemsborg, Kansas?

Choices:
R. Burma Road and Kansas Road.
P. Burma Road and Salemsborg Road.
Q. Salina Road and Burma Road.
K. Salemsborg Road and Salina Road.
A. Salemsborg Road and Kansas Road.

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What roads intersect in the community of Salemsborg, Kansas?\n\nChoices:\nR. Burma Road and Kansas Road.\nP. Burma Road and Salemsborg Road.\nQ. Salina Road and Burma Road.\nK. Salemsborg Road and Salina Road.\nA. Salemsborg Road and Kansas Road."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is the reason that Sibutad, a municipality in Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, has a population of 17,453 people?

Choices:
K. Sibutad is a coastal town with a thriving fishing industry, contributing to a stable population due to local employment opportunities.
N. Sibutad has an excellent educational infrastructure, attracting students from nearby areas to settle down in the municipality.
P. Sibutad is a major hub for trade and commerce in the region, leading to a steady influx of residents.
I. Sibutad has a significant agricultural industry, providing employment opportunities and attracting a stable population.
C. Sibutad is a popular tourist destination with plenty of attractions and amenities, attracting a large number of residents.

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the reason that Sibutad, a municipality in Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, has a population of 17,453 people?\n\nChoices:\nK. Sibutad is a coastal town with a thriving fishing industry, contributing to a stable population due to local employment opportunities.\nN. Sibutad has an excellent educational infrastructure, attracting students from nearby areas to settle down in the municipality.\nP. Sibutad is a major hub for trade and commerce in the region, leading to a steady influx of residents.\nI. Sibutad has a significant agricultural industry, providing employment opportunities and attracting a stable population.\nC. Sibutad is a popular tourist destination with plenty of attractions and amenities, attracting a large number of residents."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
When water freezes, it expands in volume as what is formed?

Choices:
L. energy
C. movement
A. plasma
E. ice

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "When water freezes, it expands in volume as what is formed?\n\nChoices:\nL. energy\nC. movement\nA. plasma\nE. ice"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Ice is an interesting and useful material. It can be used to cool food and keep it fresh. It can provide recreation, such as ice-skating. Ice can do great damage when it freezes – roads can buckle, houses can be damaged, water pipes can burst. All this happens because of a unique property of water and ice. When water freezes, it expands in volume as ice is formed."}


Prompt:
In what direction is Drumleaning located in relation to Drumburgh?

Choices:
O. Drumleaning is located 4 miles west of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.
E. Drumleaning is located 4 miles northeast of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.
P. Drumleaning is located 4 miles north of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.
K. Drumleaning is located 4 miles south of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.
N. Drumleaning is located 4 miles east of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "In what direction is Drumleaning located in relation to Drumburgh?\n\nChoices:\nO. Drumleaning is located 4 miles west of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.\nE. Drumleaning is located 4 miles northeast of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.\nP. Drumleaning is located 4 miles north of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.\nK. Drumleaning is located 4 miles south of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool.\nN. Drumleaning is located 4 miles east of Drumburgh on a low ridge near the Wampool."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
A scale is necessary to determine

Choices:
S. BMI
O. XFL
H. CNA
G. DNA

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A scale is necessary to determine\n\nChoices:\nS. BMI\nO. XFL\nH. CNA\nG. DNA"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Macrophages and dendritic cells are types of what"

Choices:
L. supercapacitor cells
O. amoena cells
I. phagocytic cells
M. mast cells

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Macrophages and dendritic cells are types of what\"\n\nChoices:\nL. supercapacitor cells\nO. amoena cells\nI. phagocytic cells\nM. mast cells"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What cells secrete signaling molecules that promote sperm production and can control whether germ cells live or die?

Choices:
G. erythrocytes
J. egg cells
T. sertoli cells
S. neurons

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What cells secrete signaling molecules that promote sperm production and can control whether germ cells live or die?\n\nChoices:\nG. erythrocytes\nJ. egg cells\nT. sertoli cells\nS. neurons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Sertoli Cells Surrounding all stages of the developing sperm cells are elongate, branching Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells are a type of supporting cell called a sustentacular cell, or sustenocyte, that are typically found in epithelial tissue. Sertoli cells secrete signaling molecules that promote sperm production and can control whether germ cells live or die. They extend physically around the germ cells from the peripheral basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules to the lumen. Tight junctio"}


Prompt:
If the tunica externa did not hold a vessel in place, any movement would likely result in disruption of what?

Choices:
I. heart beat
J. respiration
L. pulse
G. blood flow

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "If the tunica externa did not hold a vessel in place, any movement would likely result in disruption of what?\n\nChoices:\nI. heart beat\nJ. respiration\nL. pulse\nG. blood flow"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Tunica Externa The outer tunic, the tunica externa (also called the tunica adventitia), is a substantial sheath of connective tissue composed primarily of collagenous fibers. Some bands of elastic fibers are found here as well. The tunica externa in veins also contains groups of smooth muscle fibers. This is normally the thickest tunic in veins and may be thicker than the tunica media in some larger arteries. The outer layers of the tunica externa are not distinct but rather blend with the surro"}


Prompt:
What is responsible not only for cell shape changes but also for cell migration?

Choices:
E. cytoplasm
O. cytoskeleton
R. Golgi Apparatus
K. cellulose

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is responsible not only for cell shape changes but also for cell migration?\n\nChoices:\nE. cytoplasm\nO. cytoskeleton\nR. Golgi Apparatus\nK. cellulose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What kind of attraction does electrical force have?

Choices:
E. positive
N. neutral
L. negative
F. similar

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of attraction does electrical force have?\n\nChoices:\nE. positive\nN. neutral\nL. negative\nF. similar"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The electrical force is a vector quantity that is positive in repulsion and negative in attraction."}


Prompt:
Jim wanted baby chickens so he gathered eggs and used a

Choices:
A. lamp
R. refrigerator
J. snow
E. ice cube

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Jim wanted baby chickens so he gathered eggs and used a\n\nChoices:\nA. lamp\nR. refrigerator\nJ. snow\nE. ice cube"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What do plants make to store extra glucose?

Choices:
D. water
R. starches
O. fats
A. sugars

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do plants make to store extra glucose?\n\nChoices:\nD. water\nR. starches\nO. fats\nA. sugars"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are polymers of glucose. Starches contain hundreds of glucose monomers. Plants make starches to store extra glucose. Consumers can get starches by eating plants. Common sources of starches in the human diet are pictured Figure below . Our digestive system breaks down starches to sugar, which our cells use for energy. Like other animals, we store any extra glucose as the complex carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is also a polymer of glucose."}


Prompt:
What is considered to be the most common intrusive igneous rock?

Choices:
G. basalt
K. sandstone
B. obsidian
R. granite

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is considered to be the most common intrusive igneous rock?\n\nChoices:\nG. basalt\nK. sandstone\nB. obsidian\nR. granite"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Granite is the most common intrusive igneous rock. Pictured below are four types of intrusive rocks ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
Esters can be formed by heating carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of?

Choices:
R. an acid catalyst
C. an oxygen catalyst
O. an carbon catalyst
Q. a nuclear catalyst

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Esters can be formed by heating carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of?\n\nChoices:\nR. an acid catalyst\nC. an oxygen catalyst\nO. an carbon catalyst\nQ. a nuclear catalyst"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Esters can be formed by heating carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. This process is reversible, and the starting materials can be regenerated by reacting an ester with water in the presence of a weak base."}


Prompt:
In their processes of gene expression, archael cells show similarties to both bacterial cells and which other type of cell?

Choices:
D. chloroplasts
B. eukaryotic
E. plant cells
H. Prokaryotic

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "In their processes of gene expression, archael cells show similarties to both bacterial cells and which other type of cell?\n\nChoices:\nD. chloroplasts\nB. eukaryotic\nE. plant cells\nH. Prokaryotic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What would you use in an apartment to keep your neighbor below from hearing you shuffle around a room?

Choices:
A. carpet
Q. yarn
N. wood
T. tile

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What would you use in an apartment to keep your neighbor below from hearing you shuffle around a room?\n\nChoices:\nA. carpet\nQ. yarn\nN. wood\nT. tile"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What is the name for the force that attracts water molecules to other polar substances?

Choices:
N. diffusion
P. adhesion
R. aeration
T. osmosis

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name for the force that attracts water molecules to other polar substances?\n\nChoices:\nN. diffusion\nP. adhesion\nR. aeration\nT. osmosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can reproduce themselves via cell division, sometimes after years of inactivity. under certain conditions, they may differentiate into tissue-specific or organ-specific cells with special these?

Choices:
M. functions
N. enzymes
C. mutations
G. chromosomes

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can reproduce themselves via cell division, sometimes after years of inactivity. under certain conditions, they may differentiate into tissue-specific or organ-specific cells with special these?\n\nChoices:\nM. functions\nN. enzymes\nC. mutations\nG. chromosomes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Stem Cells and Repair of Kidney Damage Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can reproduce themselves via cell division, sometimes after years of inactivity. Under certain conditions, they may differentiate into tissue-specific or organ-specific cells with special functions. In some cases, stem cells may continually divide to produce a mature cell and to replace themselves. Stem cell therapy has an enormous potential to improve the quality of life or save the lives of people suffering from deb"}


Prompt:
What is an example of a raw material being something that comes directly from a source?

Choices:
J. birds from a nest
E. salt water from the ocean
D. manure from a field
T. cats from a shelter

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an example of a raw material being something that comes directly from a source?\n\nChoices:\nJ. birds from a nest\nE. salt water from the ocean\nD. manure from a field\nT. cats from a shelter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
When small particles, such as clay and silt, are in mixed in water but do not disolve in the water, what state are they in?

Choices:
D. incomplete
K. mud
M. sedimentation
A. suspension

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "When small particles, such as clay and silt, are in mixed in water but do not disolve in the water, what state are they in?\n\nChoices:\nD. incomplete\nK. mud\nM. sedimentation\nA. suspension"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Small particles, such as clay and silt, are carried in suspension . They are mixed throughout the water. These particles are not dissolved in the water."}


Prompt:
The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called what?

Choices:
E. neural tube
L. peripheral tube
R. cell tube
M. occular tube

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called what?\n\nChoices:\nE. neural tube\nL. peripheral tube\nR. cell tube\nM. occular tube"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "called growth factors signal some cells at the edge of the ectoderm to become epidermis cells. The remaining cells in the center form the neural plate. If the signaling by growth factors were disrupted, then the entire ectoderm would differentiate into neural tissue. The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called the neural tube, as illustrated in Figure 43.28. In further development, the neural tube will give rise to the brain and the spinal cord"}


Prompt:
Which of the following indicates a positive trend for inventory management?

Choices:
R. increasing cost of goods sold
C. increasing sales revenue
K. increasing number of days' sales in inventory ratio
B. increasing inventory turnover ratio

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following indicates a positive trend for inventory management?\n\nChoices:\nR. increasing cost of goods sold\nC. increasing sales revenue\nK. increasing number of days' sales in inventory ratio\nB. increasing inventory turnover ratio"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 423, "id": 423, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Some animals increase body fat in winter to stay?

Choices:
L. cold
G. aware
M. thin
R. warm

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Some animals increase body fat in winter to stay?\n\nChoices:\nL. cold\nG. aware\nM. thin\nR. warm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Environments which are forested are often green; what is an example of this?

Choices:
P. a thriving jungle canopy
A. a dry, sandy desert
M. a snowy icy glacier
Q. a cold, empty mountaintop

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Environments which are forested are often green; what is an example of this?\n\nChoices:\nP. a thriving jungle canopy\nA. a dry, sandy desert\nM. a snowy icy glacier\nQ. a cold, empty mountaintop"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is the name for compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen?

Choices:
I. hydrocarbons
D. carbohydrates
H. carbides
M. particles

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name for compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen?\n\nChoices:\nI. hydrocarbons\nD. carbohydrates\nH. carbides\nM. particles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction contains compounds called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The charcoal pictured in the Figure above consists of hydrocarbons. So do fossil fuels such as natural gas. Natural gas is a fuel that is commonly used in home furnaces and gas stoves. The main component of natural gas is the hydrocarbon called methane (CH 4 ). You can see a methane flame in the Figure below . The combustion of methane is "}


Prompt:
What is the main way that wind causes erosion?

Choices:
O. absorption
D. filtration
T. abrasion
N. decomposition

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main way that wind causes erosion?\n\nChoices:\nO. absorption\nD. filtration\nT. abrasion\nN. decomposition"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Abrasion is the main way that wind causes erosion. The next lesson explains how glaciers cause erosion."}


Prompt:
Organophosphates typically interfere with nerve signal transmission by inhibiting the enzymes that degrade what?

Choices:
K. transmitter molecules
F. potassium molecules
H. prototype molecules
S. protein molecules

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Organophosphates typically interfere with nerve signal transmission by inhibiting the enzymes that degrade what?\n\nChoices:\nK. transmitter molecules\nF. potassium molecules\nH. prototype molecules\nS. protein molecules"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Which amino acid do organisms incorporate into their proteins?

Choices:
A. peptide
T. arginine
K. histone
M. glutamate

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which amino acid do organisms incorporate into their proteins?\n\nChoices:\nA. peptide\nT. arginine\nK. histone\nM. glutamate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Fungi that reproduce sexually create what?

Choices:
D. a sperm cell
S. a chromoplast
O. an ova
P. a zygospore

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Fungi that reproduce sexually create what?\n\nChoices:\nD. a sperm cell\nS. a chromoplast\nO. an ova\nP. a zygospore"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Fungi can reproduce sexually to create a zygospore."}


Prompt:
Specific scents are often associated with what?

Choices:
C. behaviors
P. instincts
N. pheromones
E. memories

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Specific scents are often associated with what?\n\nChoices:\nC. behaviors\nP. instincts\nN. pheromones\nE. memories"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Specific scents are often associated with our memories of places and events. That's because scents are more novel or specific than shapes or other things you might see. So an odor similar to that of your grandmother's kitchen or pantry might be more quickly associated with your memories of that place than a similar sight, which might be more generalized."}


Prompt:
Some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to what plate?

Choices:
F. interstitium plate
J. metaphase plate
T. prophase plate
H. boundary plate

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to what plate?\n\nChoices:\nF. interstitium plate\nJ. metaphase plate\nT. prophase plate\nH. boundary plate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What was probably the earliest way of making atp from glucose?

Choices:
G. photosynthesis
T. amniocentesis
H. fermentation
N. glycolysis

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was probably the earliest way of making atp from glucose?\n\nChoices:\nG. photosynthesis\nT. amniocentesis\nH. fermentation\nN. glycolysis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Life first evolved in the absence of oxygen, and glycolysis does not require oxygen. Therefore, glycolysis was probably the earliest way of making ATP from glucose."}


Prompt:
Which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
G. There are many factors working together to influence an individual's intelligence level.
P. The environment in which an individual is raised is the strongest predictor of her future intelligence
S. Poverty always affects whether individuals are able to reach their full intellectual potential.
O. An individual's intelligence is determined solely by the intelligence levels of his siblings.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following statements is true?\n\nChoices:\nG. There are many factors working together to influence an individual's intelligence level.\nP. The environment in which an individual is raised is the strongest predictor of her future intelligence\nS. Poverty always affects whether individuals are able to reach their full intellectual potential.\nO. An individual's intelligence is determined solely by the intelligence levels of his siblings."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 910, "id": 910, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Which most likely requires the aid of specialized tissues at the ends of stems?

Choices:
S. the slow growth of mammals
L. the quick growth of bamboo
N. cats digging with their claws
I. human assisted space travel

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which most likely requires the aid of specialized tissues at the ends of stems?\n\nChoices:\nS. the slow growth of mammals\nL. the quick growth of bamboo\nN. cats digging with their claws\nI. human assisted space travel"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Magnets in ear pieces convert sound waves into

Choices:
A. radio stations
H. Brain cancer
B. ear aches
F. direct current

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Magnets in ear pieces convert sound waves into\n\nChoices:\nA. radio stations\nH. Brain cancer\nB. ear aches\nF. direct current"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What would be used to measure the substance which historically the Dutch and other farmers used to power the blades on the structure which moves water from low to highlands?

Choices:
M. magnetometer
P. thermometer
E. manometer
I. anemometer

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What would be used to measure the substance which historically the Dutch and other farmers used to power the blades on the structure which moves water from low to highlands?\n\nChoices:\nM. magnetometer\nP. thermometer\nE. manometer\nI. anemometer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
Paint keeps oxygen and water from coming into direct contact with the metal, which prevents what?

Choices:
J. filtration
H. heat
I. evaporation
B. corrosion

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Paint keeps oxygen and water from coming into direct contact with the metal, which prevents what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. filtration\nH. heat\nI. evaporation\nB. corrosion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Paint keeps oxygen and water from coming into direct contact with the metal, which prevents corrosion. Paint is more necessary because salt is an electrolyte that increases the conductivity of water and facilitates the flow of electric current between anodic and cathodic sites."}


Prompt:
Which of these items can a human move by pedal power?

Choices:
Q. canoe
N. car
F. sled
G. unicycle

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of these items can a human move by pedal power?\n\nChoices:\nQ. canoe\nN. car\nF. sled\nG. unicycle"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
Which would be most effective way of being detected after the sun has set?

Choices:
C. having reflectors
G. having books
F. having signs
O. having water

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which would be most effective way of being detected after the sun has set?\n\nChoices:\nC. having reflectors\nG. having books\nF. having signs\nO. having water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What does the genotype XXY corresponds to?

Choices:
A. Triplo-X
C. Jacob syndrome
B. Turner syndrome
F. Klinefelter syndrome

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the genotype XXY corresponds to?\n\nChoices:\nA. Triplo-X\nC. Jacob syndrome\nB. Turner syndrome\nF. Klinefelter syndrome"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1372, "id": 1372, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the acreage of Carrowteige, as stated in the provided Wikipedia excerpt?

Choices:
F. Carrowteige is a tiny townland with an acreage of only 200 acres (0.81 km2).
N. Carrowteige is a large townland with an acreage of approximately 1,000 acres (4.05 km2).
I. Carrowteige is a vast townland with an acreage of 800 acres (3.24 km2).
T. Carrowteige is a relatively small townland with an acreage of just 403 acres (1.63 km2).
H. Carrowteige is a moderately sized townland with an acreage of 500 acres (2.03 km2).

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the acreage of Carrowteige, as stated in the provided Wikipedia excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nF. Carrowteige is a tiny townland with an acreage of only 200 acres (0.81 km2).\nN. Carrowteige is a large townland with an acreage of approximately 1,000 acres (4.05 km2).\nI. Carrowteige is a vast townland with an acreage of 800 acres (3.24 km2).\nT. Carrowteige is a relatively small townland with an acreage of just 403 acres (1.63 km2).\nH. Carrowteige is a moderately sized townland with an acreage of 500 acres (2.03 km2)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing?

Choices:
G. available measurements
I. standard measurements
S. Conventional measurements
C. uses measurements

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing?\n\nChoices:\nG. available measurements\nI. standard measurements\nS. Conventional measurements\nC. uses measurements"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Standardized measurements make it possible for people everywhere to get the same amount of something. Note the red and white labels on the gas pump above. These labels certify that the gas pump has been checked and is pumping an accurate gallon of gas. Standard measurements in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing."}


Prompt:
What does the merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully form?

Choices:
D. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new canton in the district of See in Switzerland.
P. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
G. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new district in the municipality of See in Fribourg, Switzerland.
L. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new municipality in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
N. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully form?\n\nChoices:\nD. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new canton in the district of See in Switzerland.\nP. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new district in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.\nG. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new district in the municipality of See in Fribourg, Switzerland.\nL. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new municipality in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.\nN. The merger of Bas-Vully and Haut-Vully forms a new municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What linear polymer of glucose units is found in plants and serves a structural purpose?

Choices:
L. frucose
J. cellulose
H. carbonate
I. sucrose

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What linear polymer of glucose units is found in plants and serves a structural purpose?\n\nChoices:\nL. frucose\nJ. cellulose\nH. carbonate\nI. sucrose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Cellulose is a structural polymer of glucose units found in plants. It is a linear polymer with the glucose units linked through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds."}


Prompt:
When birds migrate south for the winter, they do it because

Choices:
R. it is important to their happiness
K. they decide to each year
H. their children ask for them to
E. they are genetically called to

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "When birds migrate south for the winter, they do it because\n\nChoices:\nR. it is important to their happiness\nK. they decide to each year\nH. their children ask for them to\nE. they are genetically called to"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Bill decided the wolf was a predator after he saw it eat the

Choices:
S. apple
A. grass
K. bunny
B. pie

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Bill decided the wolf was a predator after he saw it eat the\n\nChoices:\nS. apple\nA. grass\nK. bunny\nB. pie"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
The thermal production of a stove is generically used for

Choices:
M. heating homes
L. producing food
F. warming food
H. cooling pets

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The thermal production of a stove is generically used for\n\nChoices:\nM. heating homes\nL. producing food\nF. warming food\nH. cooling pets"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Characteristics that are inherited are unnaturally changeable. Which one of these is inherited?

Choices:
L. how much you weigh
P. How short you are
C. how much you drink
M. How much you eat

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Characteristics that are inherited are unnaturally changeable. Which one of these is inherited?\n\nChoices:\nL. how much you weigh\nP. How short you are\nC. how much you drink\nM. How much you eat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is released during dehydration synthesis?

Choices:
G. air
F. photons
C. water
O. helium

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is released during dehydration synthesis?\n\nChoices:\nG. air\nF. photons\nC. water\nO. helium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Dehydration Synthesis Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts. This type of reaction is known as dehydration synthesis, which means \"to put together while losing water."}


Prompt:
The moon is what to the earth?

Choices:
T. the largest star in the sky
P. the biggest thing in the universe
I. the closest body in in space
R. the brightest celestial object

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The moon is what to the earth?\n\nChoices:\nT. the largest star in the sky\nP. the biggest thing in the universe\nI. the closest body in in space\nR. the brightest celestial object"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What must be regulated in order to maintain carbon dioxide levels and proper blood ph?

Choices:
L. breathing rate
C. oxygen rate
G. blood toxin levels
Q. Heart rate

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What must be regulated in order to maintain carbon dioxide levels and proper blood ph?\n\nChoices:\nL. breathing rate\nC. oxygen rate\nG. blood toxin levels\nQ. Heart rate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Blood pH may become unbalanced if the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow. When breathing is too fast, blood contains too little carbon dioxide and becomes too basic. When breathing is too slow, blood contains too much carbon dioxide and becomes too acidic. Clearly, to maintain proper blood pH, the rate of breathing must be regulated."}


Prompt:
What are groups of skeletal muscle fibers wrapped in?

Choices:
L. neurons
J. tendons
I. collagen
F. connective tissue

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are groups of skeletal muscle fibers wrapped in?\n\nChoices:\nL. neurons\nJ. tendons\nI. collagen\nF. connective tissue"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Each skeletal muscle consists of hundreds or even thousands of skeletal muscle fibers . The fibers are bundled together and wrapped in connective tissue, as shown Figure below . The connective tissue supports and protects the delicate muscle cells and allows them to withstand the forces of contraction. It also provides pathways for nerves and blood vessels to reach the muscles. Skeletal muscles work hard to move body parts. They need a rich blood supply to provide them with nutrients and oxygen "}


Prompt:
When it's summer in the USA it's winter

Choices:
Q. in the northern hemisphere
N. in the eastern hemisphere
K. in the southern hemisphere
J. in the western hemisphere

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "When it's summer in the USA it's winter\n\nChoices:\nQ. in the northern hemisphere\nN. in the eastern hemisphere\nK. in the southern hemisphere\nJ. in the western hemisphere"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What eats other organisms?

Choices:
D. water
C. ingestors
S. trees
Q. blood

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What eats other organisms?\n\nChoices:\nD. water\nC. ingestors\nS. trees\nQ. blood"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Who was General Sir Eric de Burgh?

Choices:
H. General Sir Eric de Burgh did not exist and has no significant historical background.
Q. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a British politician who served as Prime Minister.
P. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a renowned artist, specializing in painting landscapes.
L. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a famous scientist known for his contributions to physics.
F. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a British Indian Army officer who later became Chief of the General Staff in India.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who was General Sir Eric de Burgh?\n\nChoices:\nH. General Sir Eric de Burgh did not exist and has no significant historical background.\nQ. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a British politician who served as Prime Minister.\nP. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a renowned artist, specializing in painting landscapes.\nL. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a famous scientist known for his contributions to physics.\nF. General Sir Eric de Burgh was a British Indian Army officer who later became Chief of the General Staff in India."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
All the deer in one area moved away. This could be because

Choices:
G. all the trees had died from disease and fell down
S. They wanted to go to Disneyland
K. The deer went for a walk and got lost
R. They wanted to live where there were move wolves to keep them company

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "All the deer in one area moved away. This could be because\n\nChoices:\nG. all the trees had died from disease and fell down\nS. They wanted to go to Disneyland\nK. The deer went for a walk and got lost\nR. They wanted to live where there were move wolves to keep them company"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
How did Julie Helgeson and Michele Koons die in Glacier National Park?

Choices:
E. They were fatally injured in a car accident in the park.
F. They drowned in a river while attempting to cross it.
J. They succumbed to hypothermia after getting lost in the park.
A. They were struck by lightning during a storm in the park.
S. They were attacked and killed by grizzly bears.

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "How did Julie Helgeson and Michele Koons die in Glacier National Park?\n\nChoices:\nE. They were fatally injured in a car accident in the park.\nF. They drowned in a river while attempting to cross it.\nJ. They succumbed to hypothermia after getting lost in the park.\nA. They were struck by lightning during a storm in the park.\nS. They were attacked and killed by grizzly bears."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Animals that eat decomposing organic material, such as dung beetles, make the material available to what organisms that break it down further?

Choices:
F. bacteria
T. consumers
N. protozoa
M. pathogens

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Animals that eat decomposing organic material, such as dung beetles, make the material available to what organisms that break it down further?\n\nChoices:\nF. bacteria\nT. consumers\nN. protozoa\nM. pathogens"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Animals that eat decomposing organic material also have an important interaction with the environment. They help to decompose dead matter and assist with the recycling of nutrients. By burying and eating dung, dung beetles, such as the one shown in Figure below , improve nutrient cycling and soil structure. They make the dead organic matter available to bacteria that break it down even further."}


Prompt:
Regular checkups with what type of specialist can detect skin cancers early?

Choices:
D. internist
C. dermatologist
J. nephrologist
B. endocrinologist

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Regular checkups with what type of specialist can detect skin cancers early?\n\nChoices:\nD. internist\nC. dermatologist\nJ. nephrologist\nB. endocrinologist"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Regular checkups with a dermatologist can detect skin cancers early. Why is early detection important?."}


Prompt:
A person wanting to protect humans from electrocution through wire contact would wrap the wire in

Choices:
K. a log filled with sawdust
Q. a tin can barrier
B. a metal beam with steel
C. a copper rope with barbs

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person wanting to protect humans from electrocution through wire contact would wrap the wire in\n\nChoices:\nK. a log filled with sawdust\nQ. a tin can barrier\nB. a metal beam with steel\nC. a copper rope with barbs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
A producer produces it's own

Choices:
A. heartbeat
F. plays
J. nourishment
S. rhythm

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "A producer produces it's own\n\nChoices:\nA. heartbeat\nF. plays\nJ. nourishment\nS. rhythm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
A thin beak is most useful to

Choices:
S. allow a bird to fly faster
N. allow a bird to hunt for food in wide spaces
D. allow a bird to forage in trashcans for food
O. allow a bird to hunt for food in tight spaces

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A thin beak is most useful to\n\nChoices:\nS. allow a bird to fly faster\nN. allow a bird to hunt for food in wide spaces\nD. allow a bird to forage in trashcans for food\nO. allow a bird to hunt for food in tight spaces"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What emerges from an insect egg?

Choices:
A. parasite
M. cocoon
K. larva
I. fungi

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What emerges from an insect egg?\n\nChoices:\nA. parasite\nM. cocoon\nK. larva\nI. fungi"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "When an insect egg hatches, a larva emerges. The larva eats and grows and then enters the pupa stage. The pupa is immobile and may be encased in a cocoon . During the pupa stage, the insect goes through metamorphosis . Tissues and appendages of the larva break down and reorganize into the adult form. How did such an incredible transformation evolve? Metamorphosis is actually very advantageous. It allows functions to be divided between life stages. Each stage can evolve adaptations to suit it for"}


Prompt:
Where are the somas of sensory neurons located in the spinal cord?

Choices:
G. frontal head ganglia
F. penetration root ganglia
D. frontal root ganglia
C. dorsal root ganglia

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where are the somas of sensory neurons located in the spinal cord?\n\nChoices:\nG. frontal head ganglia\nF. penetration root ganglia\nD. frontal root ganglia\nC. dorsal root ganglia"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Figure 35.29 Spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor axons. The somas of sensory neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia. The somas of motor neurons are found in the ventral portion of the gray matter of the spinal cord."}


Prompt:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of Eucalyptus caliginosa, also known as broad-leaved stringybark or New England stringybark?

Choices:
O. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a deciduous tree native to North America, known for its smooth bark, heart-shaped leaves, clusters of purple flowers, and oblong fruit. It thrives in the temperate forests of the Appalachian Mountains.
E. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a fast-growing vine species commonly found in the African savannah, characterized by its thick and woody stem, large palmate leaves, and fragrant yellow flowers that bloom in clusters.
C. Eucalyptus caliginosa is an evergreen tree native to eastern Australia, distinguished by its stringy bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, groups of seven or nine flower buds, white flowers, and spherical fruit. It is commonly found on the Northern Tablelands and North West Slopes of New South Wales and adjacent areas of Queensland.
N. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a tree species primarily found in Western Australia, known for its smooth and peeling bark, oval-shaped leaves, and pink flowers.
D. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a tall shrub species commonly found in the tropical rainforests of South America, characterized by its twisting branches, long and narrow leaves, and clusters of yellow flowers.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of Eucalyptus caliginosa, also known as broad-leaved stringybark or New England stringybark?\n\nChoices:\nO. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a deciduous tree native to North America, known for its smooth bark, heart-shaped leaves, clusters of purple flowers, and oblong fruit. It thrives in the temperate forests of the Appalachian Mountains.\nE. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a fast-growing vine species commonly found in the African savannah, characterized by its thick and woody stem, large palmate leaves, and fragrant yellow flowers that bloom in clusters.\nC. Eucalyptus caliginosa is an evergreen tree native to eastern Australia, distinguished by its stringy bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, groups of seven or nine flower buds, white flowers, and spherical fruit. It is commonly found on the Northern Tablelands and North West Slopes of New South Wales and adjacent areas of Queensland.\nN. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a tree species primarily found in Western Australia, known for its smooth and peeling bark, oval-shaped leaves, and pink flowers.\nD. Eucalyptus caliginosa is a tall shrub species commonly found in the tropical rainforests of South America, characterized by its twisting branches, long and narrow leaves, and clusters of yellow flowers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What do you call the process in which a community changes through time?

Choices:
L. continuous succession
K. natural selection
H. ecological succession
N. spontaneous mutation

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do you call the process in which a community changes through time?\n\nChoices:\nL. continuous succession\nK. natural selection\nH. ecological succession\nN. spontaneous mutation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Ecological succession is the process in which a community changes through time."}


Prompt:
What term is used to describe a solute that is water fearing?

Choices:
P. hydrophobic
S. claustrophobic
M. hydrogenic
E. anti-hydral

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to describe a solute that is water fearing?\n\nChoices:\nP. hydrophobic\nS. claustrophobic\nM. hydrogenic\nE. anti-hydral"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "London interactions c. London dispersion forces Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Solutes A solute can be classified as hydrophilic (literally, \"water loving\"), meaning that it has an electrostatic attraction to water, or hydrophobic (\"water fearing\"), meaning that it repels water. A hydrophilic substance is polar and often contains O–H or N–H groups that can form hydrogen bonds to water. For example, glucose with its five O–H groups is hydrophilic. In contrast, a hydrophobic substance may be polar bu"}


Prompt:
Peat is derived from

Choices:
D. compaction of water and soil
F. compressing of deteriorating foliage
O. floating debris in swamp water
R. saplings and flowering seedlings

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Peat is derived from\n\nChoices:\nD. compaction of water and soil\nF. compressing of deteriorating foliage\nO. floating debris in swamp water\nR. saplings and flowering seedlings"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Matter can be described with what two encompassing types of properties?

Choices:
N. velocity and energy
T. color and distance
E. thermal and magnetic
B. physical and chemical

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Matter can be described with what two encompassing types of properties?\n\nChoices:\nN. velocity and energy\nT. color and distance\nE. thermal and magnetic\nB. physical and chemical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Matter can be described with both physical properties and chemical properties."}


Prompt:
the hourly totals of sunshine are directly connect to

Choices:
G. altitude
M. seasons
E. weather
L. tides

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "the hourly totals of sunshine are directly connect to\n\nChoices:\nG. altitude\nM. seasons\nE. weather\nL. tides"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
Who shared the other half of the Nobel Prize with Yoichiro Nambu for discovering the origin of the explicit breaking of CP symmetry in the weak interactions?

Choices:
E. Peter Higgs and Francois Englert
K. Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa
L. Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow
I. Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig
S. Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who shared the other half of the Nobel Prize with Yoichiro Nambu for discovering the origin of the explicit breaking of CP symmetry in the weak interactions?\n\nChoices:\nE. Peter Higgs and Francois Englert\nK. Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa\nL. Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow\nI. Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig\nS. Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
A closed loop through which a current can flow is called what?

Choices:
M. cooling circuit
K. charged circuit
B. powered circuit
O. electric circuit

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A closed loop through which a current can flow is called what?\n\nChoices:\nM. cooling circuit\nK. charged circuit\nB. powered circuit\nO. electric circuit"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "A closed loop through which current can flow is called an electric circuit . In homes in the U. S. , most electric circuits have a voltage of 120 volts. The amount of current (amps) a circuit carries depends on the number and power of electrical devices connected to the circuit. Home circuits generally have a safe upper limit of about 20 or 30 amps."}


Prompt:
During what process is light from the star focused and the star appears to brighten in a characteristic manner?

Choices:
Q. microlensing
I. spectrometry
E. macrolensing
K. excitation

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "During what process is light from the star focused and the star appears to brighten in a characteristic manner?\n\nChoices:\nQ. microlensing\nI. spectrometry\nE. macrolensing\nK. excitation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "In a process called microlensing, light from the star is focused and the star appears to brighten in a characteristic manner. Searches for dark matter in this form are particularly interested in galactic halos because of the huge amount of mass that seems to be there. Such microlensing objects are thus called massive compact halo objects, or MACHOs. To date, a few MACHOs have been observed, but not predominantly in galactic halos, nor in the numbers needed to explain dark matter. MACHOs are amon"}


Prompt:
What does media coverage of a race tend to do?

Choices:
S. accurately portray whites and blacks as victims
K. overrepresent African Americans as poor
J. overrepresent whites and the elderly as poor
B. accurately portray all races equally

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does media coverage of a race tend to do?\n\nChoices:\nS. accurately portray whites and blacks as victims\nK. overrepresent African Americans as poor\nJ. overrepresent whites and the elderly as poor\nB. accurately portray all races equally"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2426, "id": 2426, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
If a river is rushing southwest on a sunny day, then it is safe to assume that

Choices:
T. the land gently inclines in that direction
Q. the land is supple
J. the world is mostly land
G. southwest is a good place to be

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a river is rushing southwest on a sunny day, then it is safe to assume that\n\nChoices:\nT. the land gently inclines in that direction\nQ. the land is supple\nJ. the world is mostly land\nG. southwest is a good place to be"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
A man wants to use a material in a project that will be nonrenewable. The man decides to use

Choices:
S. solo cups
E. raindrops
R. muddy water
N. grass

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A man wants to use a material in a project that will be nonrenewable. The man decides to use\n\nChoices:\nS. solo cups\nE. raindrops\nR. muddy water\nN. grass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Which process helps bacteria in the gut break down the remains of the digested food?

Choices:
E. fermentation
O. synthesis
D. oxidation
L. decomposition

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which process helps bacteria in the gut break down the remains of the digested food?\n\nChoices:\nE. fermentation\nO. synthesis\nD. oxidation\nL. decomposition"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Behind every fart is an army of gut bacteria undergoing some crazy biochemistry. These bacteria break down the remains of digested food through fermentation, creating gas in the process. Learn what these bacteria have in common with beer brewing at http://youtu. be/R1kxajH629A?list=PLzMhsCgGKd1hoofiKuifwy6qRXZs7NG6a ."}


Prompt:
A drop off in predator population

Choices:
D. can indicate a nutrient insufficient environment
O. can indicate a drop off in frigid temperatures
N. indicates a boom in animal reproduction
K. indicates plentiful amounts of water

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "A drop off in predator population\n\nChoices:\nD. can indicate a nutrient insufficient environment\nO. can indicate a drop off in frigid temperatures\nN. indicates a boom in animal reproduction\nK. indicates plentiful amounts of water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What is the genre of the television series truTV Presents: World's Dumbest...?

Choices:
R. The series is a reality comedy that showcases humorous and dumb behaviors around the world.
S. The series is an animated show targeted towards children and features talking animals.
Q. The series is a science fiction drama that explores the mysteries of the universe.
P. The series is a historical documentary that delves into significant events from the past.
C. The series is a crime thriller that follows a team of detectives solving complex cases.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the genre of the television series truTV Presents: World's Dumbest...?\n\nChoices:\nR. The series is a reality comedy that showcases humorous and dumb behaviors around the world.\nS. The series is an animated show targeted towards children and features talking animals.\nQ. The series is a science fiction drama that explores the mysteries of the universe.\nP. The series is a historical documentary that delves into significant events from the past.\nC. The series is a crime thriller that follows a team of detectives solving complex cases."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Where is the sun located at 12:00 PM?

Choices:
J. overhead
T. the north
M. the south
D. below

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the sun located at 12:00 PM?\n\nChoices:\nJ. overhead\nT. the north\nM. the south\nD. below"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Humans swim in the liquid form of

Choices:
P. carbon
B. air
F. steam
J. oxygen

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Humans swim in the liquid form of\n\nChoices:\nP. carbon\nB. air\nF. steam\nJ. oxygen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What action has a positive impact on the conservation of nonrenewable resources?

Choices:
B. depositing the nonrenewable resources in a landfill
P. turn the nonrenewable into something newly usable
F. waste as much of the resources as possible
H. start a large bonfire with resources

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What action has a positive impact on the conservation of nonrenewable resources?\n\nChoices:\nB. depositing the nonrenewable resources in a landfill\nP. turn the nonrenewable into something newly usable\nF. waste as much of the resources as possible\nH. start a large bonfire with resources"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
The peripheral nervous system has major nerves that travel through every part of the body except which two places?

Choices:
Q. brain and spinal cord
I. muscles and brain
D. lungs and spinal cord
S. brain and heart

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "The peripheral nervous system has major nerves that travel through every part of the body except which two places?\n\nChoices:\nQ. brain and spinal cord\nI. muscles and brain\nD. lungs and spinal cord\nS. brain and heart"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "All the other nervous tissues in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system. If you look again at Figure above , you can see the major nerves of the peripheral nervous system. They include nerves that run through virtually every part of the body, both inside and out, except for the brain and spinal cord."}


Prompt:
The purpose of bird feathers, especially down, is to

Choices:
A. move air around
S. retain body temps
H. contain moisture
F. help with flight

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The purpose of bird feathers, especially down, is to\n\nChoices:\nA. move air around\nS. retain body temps\nH. contain moisture\nF. help with flight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Besides greenland, where are the earth's largest ice sheets found?

Choices:
A. Europe
C. North America
T. Asia
B. antarctica

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Besides greenland, where are the earth's largest ice sheets found?\n\nChoices:\nA. Europe\nC. North America\nT. Asia\nB. antarctica"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Nearly all glacial ice is in the polar regions. The largest ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland. The remaining 1% of Earth's ice is found elsewhere, like in the mountains, for example. At higher altitudes, temperatures are colder. Snow is more likely to fall and not melt. Except Australia, every continent has glaciers in the high mountains."}


Prompt:
Emphysema is a chronic disease caused by the breakdown of the what tissue?

Choices:
I. heart
S. lung
J. brain
T. liver

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Emphysema is a chronic disease caused by the breakdown of the what tissue?\n\nChoices:\nI. heart\nS. lung\nJ. brain\nT. liver"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Emphysema is a chronic lung disease caused by the breakdown of the lung tissue. Symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, especially during exercise, and chronic cough, usually due to cigarette smoking, and wheezing, especially during expiration. Damage to the alveoli ( Figure below ), is not curable. Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema."}


Prompt:
A gila monster will likely have to interact negatively with

Choices:
G. snails
L. trees
M. eagles
P. sharks

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "A gila monster will likely have to interact negatively with\n\nChoices:\nG. snails\nL. trees\nM. eagles\nP. sharks"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
What are trees that lose their leaves during winter called?

Choices:
F. coniferous
J. fruits
I. fungus
P. deciduous

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are trees that lose their leaves during winter called?\n\nChoices:\nF. coniferous\nJ. fruits\nI. fungus\nP. deciduous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "trees that lose their leaves once a year."}


Prompt:
What title is Imam Ahmad often referred to as in medieval texts?

Choices:
F. The Conqueror of Ethiopia.
J. The Victor of the Ethiopian-Adal War.
O. The Emperor of Ethiopia.
T. The King of Adal.
G. The Sultan of Zeila.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What title is Imam Ahmad often referred to as in medieval texts?\n\nChoices:\nF. The Conqueror of Ethiopia.\nJ. The Victor of the Ethiopian-Adal War.\nO. The Emperor of Ethiopia.\nT. The King of Adal.\nG. The Sultan of Zeila."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for a combination of substances in which there is no chemical reaction?

Choices:
D. a mixture
L. a solution
R. a combination
M. a solute

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for a combination of substances in which there is no chemical reaction?\n\nChoices:\nD. a mixture\nL. a solution\nR. a combination\nM. a solute"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Like a chemical compound, a mixture consists of more than one chemical substance. Unlike a compound, a mixture does not have a fixed chemical composition. The substances in a mixture can be combined in any proportions. A mixture also does not involve a chemical reaction. Therefore, the substances in a mixture are not changed into unique new substances, and they can be separated from each other without a chemical reaction."}


Prompt:
What is the population of Gosport, Indiana?

Choices:
H. The population of Gosport, Indiana was 826 according to the 2010 census.
C. The population of Gosport, Indiana is unknown as it is not listed in any census records.
A. The population of Gosport, Indiana is estimated to be around 1,000 people.
D. The population of Gosport, Indiana is approximately 500 people.
K. The population of Gosport, Indiana is over 2,000 people.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the population of Gosport, Indiana?\n\nChoices:\nH. The population of Gosport, Indiana was 826 according to the 2010 census.\nC. The population of Gosport, Indiana is unknown as it is not listed in any census records.\nA. The population of Gosport, Indiana is estimated to be around 1,000 people.\nD. The population of Gosport, Indiana is approximately 500 people.\nK. The population of Gosport, Indiana is over 2,000 people."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
which of these animal's habitat is peat likely to be found?

Choices:
H. a human's habitat
M. an alligator's habitat
I. a dog's habitat
S. a cat's habitat

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these animal's habitat is peat likely to be found?\n\nChoices:\nH. a human's habitat\nM. an alligator's habitat\nI. a dog's habitat\nS. a cat's habitat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
The binary halides are an important subclass of what?

Choices:
I. acids
J. minerals
G. salts
C. gases

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The binary halides are an important subclass of what?\n\nChoices:\nI. acids\nJ. minerals\nG. salts\nC. gases"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Halides of the Representative Metals Thousands of salts of the representative metals have been prepared. The binary halides are an important subclass of salts. A salt is an ionic compound composed of cations and anions, other than hydroxide or oxide ions. In general, it is possible to prepare these salts from the metals or from oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates. We will illustrate the general types of reactions for preparing salts through reactions used to prepare binary halides. The binary comp"}


Prompt:
A temperature in the negatives during the night got slightly less negative during the day, which means it got more

Choices:
K. positive
J. negative
L. unpredictable
M. cold

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "A temperature in the negatives during the night got slightly less negative during the day, which means it got more\n\nChoices:\nK. positive\nJ. negative\nL. unpredictable\nM. cold"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What is caused by the buildup of stress in the rocks?

Choices:
N. ground tilting
F. debris tilting
L. ground dropping
P. ground fall

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is caused by the buildup of stress in the rocks?\n\nChoices:\nN. ground tilting\nF. debris tilting\nL. ground dropping\nP. ground fall"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "There are other possible signs before an earthquake. The ground may tilt. Ground tilting is caused by the buildup of stress in the rocks. This may happen before a large earthquake, but it doesn't always. Water levels in wells may fluctuate. This is because water may move into or out of fractures before an earthquake. This is also an uncertain way to predict an earthquake. The difference in arrival times of P-waves and S-waves may decrease just before an earthquake occurs."}


Prompt:
A knife refuses to stick to a blanket due to

Choices:
B. luck
I. lack of magnetism
N. tension.
Q. gravity

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "A knife refuses to stick to a blanket due to\n\nChoices:\nB. luck\nI. lack of magnetism\nN. tension.\nQ. gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What is the process by which organisms break down chemicals to make food energy?

Choices:
D. excretion
K. gametogenesis
H. electrolysis
P. chemosynthesis

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the process by which organisms break down chemicals to make food energy?\n\nChoices:\nD. excretion\nK. gametogenesis\nH. electrolysis\nP. chemosynthesis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "In chemosynthesis, organisms break down chemicals to make food energy."}


Prompt:
What does antifreeze do to the boiling point of coolant?

Choices:
Q. accelerates it
H. lowers it
E. has no effect
A. raises it

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does antifreeze do to the boiling point of coolant?\n\nChoices:\nQ. accelerates it\nH. lowers it\nE. has no effect\nA. raises it"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Flickr: EvelynGiggles, modified by CK-12 Foundation. Antifreeze raises the boiling point of coolant . CC BY 2.0."}


Prompt:
What are nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts called?

Choices:
C. adulterants
H. macronutrients
O. vitamins
D. abundances

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts called?\n\nChoices:\nC. adulterants\nH. macronutrients\nO. vitamins\nD. abundances"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts are called macronutrients . They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water. All macronutrients except water can be used by the body for energy. (The energy in food is measured in a unit called a Calorie . ) The exact amount of each macronutrient that an individual needs depends on many factors, including gender and age. Recommended daily intakes by teens of three macronutrients are shown in Table below . Based on your gender and age, "}


Prompt:
What term is used to describe elements with unstable nuclei?

Choices:
B. waste
O. larvae
T. radioactive
G. explosive

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to describe elements with unstable nuclei?\n\nChoices:\nB. waste\nO. larvae\nT. radioactive\nG. explosive"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Gamma rays are produced when radioactive elements decay. Radioactive elements are elements with unstable nuclei. To become more stable, the nuclei undergo radioactive decay. In this process, the nuclei give off energy and may also emit charged particles of matter. Types of radioactive decay include alpha, beta, and gamma decay. In alpha and beta decay, both particles and energy are emitted. In gamma decay , only energy, in the form of gamma rays, is emitted."}


Prompt:
Which of the following best describes Dorothea Grimm's family composition?

Choices:
P. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the "Brothers Grimm" Jacob and Wilhelm, and nine other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.
B. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the "Brothers Grimm" Jacob and Wilhelm, and eight other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.
G. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the "Brothers Grimm" Jacob and Wilhelm, and five other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.
T. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the "Brothers Grimm" Jacob and Wilhelm, and seven other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.
L. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the "Brothers Grimm" Jacob and Wilhelm, and six other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following best describes Dorothea Grimm's family composition?\n\nChoices:\nP. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the \"Brothers Grimm\" Jacob and Wilhelm, and nine other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.\nB. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the \"Brothers Grimm\" Jacob and Wilhelm, and eight other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.\nG. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the \"Brothers Grimm\" Jacob and Wilhelm, and five other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.\nT. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the \"Brothers Grimm\" Jacob and Wilhelm, and seven other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm.\nL. Dorothea Grimm was the mother to the \"Brothers Grimm\" Jacob and Wilhelm, and six other children, including Ludwig Emil Grimm and Charlotte Amalie Grimm."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
A stone may experience the most weathering over

Choices:
B. a year
R. a decade
N. a week
Q. a century

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "A stone may experience the most weathering over\n\nChoices:\nB. a year\nR. a decade\nN. a week\nQ. a century"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
If two blocks have unequal mass, which will speed up the most with a common force applied

Choices:
I. The heavier
L. neither move
F. The lighter
A. equal

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "If two blocks have unequal mass, which will speed up the most with a common force applied\n\nChoices:\nI. The heavier\nL. neither move\nF. The lighter\nA. equal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What type of tumor mostly does not cause serious problems and can be completely removed by surgery?

Choices:
F. toxic
O. persistent
N. benign
I. malignant

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of tumor mostly does not cause serious problems and can be completely removed by surgery?\n\nChoices:\nF. toxic\nO. persistent\nN. benign\nI. malignant"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What does urine leave the body through?

Choices:
Q. the vagina
J. the intestine
D. the urethra
B. the skin

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does urine leave the body through?\n\nChoices:\nQ. the vagina\nJ. the intestine\nD. the urethra\nB. the skin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "process in which urine leaves the body through a sphincter at the end of the urethra."}


Prompt:
What are subatomic particles of the nucleus called?

Choices:
M. nucleons
F. cores
R. baryons
J. isotopes

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are subatomic particles of the nucleus called?\n\nChoices:\nM. nucleons\nF. cores\nR. baryons\nJ. isotopes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Summary Subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons and neutrons) are called nucleons. Anuclide is an atom with a particular number of protons and neutrons. An unstable nucleus that decays spontaneously is radioactive, and its emissions are collectively called radioactivity. Isotopes that emit radiation are calledradioisotopes. Each nucleon is attracted to other nucleons by the strong nuclear force. Stable nuclei generally have even numbers of both protons and neutrons and a neutron-to-proton ra"}


Prompt:
What was the purpose of constructing the High Five Interchange in Dallas, Texas?

Choices:
K. The High Five Interchange was built to connect multiple highways and make it easier for commuters to travel within the city.
H. The High Five Interchange was built to improve traffic flow by replacing an outdated interchange.
A. The High Five Interchange was built to commemorate Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency and his contribution to Dallas.
R. The High Five Interchange was constructed to serve as a landmark for the city of Dallas.
O. The High Five Interchange was constructed as a tourist attraction to showcase innovative engineering.

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the purpose of constructing the High Five Interchange in Dallas, Texas?\n\nChoices:\nK. The High Five Interchange was built to connect multiple highways and make it easier for commuters to travel within the city.\nH. The High Five Interchange was built to improve traffic flow by replacing an outdated interchange.\nA. The High Five Interchange was built to commemorate Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency and his contribution to Dallas.\nR. The High Five Interchange was constructed to serve as a landmark for the city of Dallas.\nO. The High Five Interchange was constructed as a tourist attraction to showcase innovative engineering."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Once a plant cell becomes specialized, what can they no longer do?

Choices:
C. photosynthesis
H. cellular respiration
D. divide
N. osmosis

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Once a plant cell becomes specialized, what can they no longer do?\n\nChoices:\nC. photosynthesis\nH. cellular respiration\nD. divide\nN. osmosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "As plant cells grow, they also become specialized into different cell types. Once cells become specialized, they can no longer divide. So how do plants grow after that? The key to continued growth is meristem. Meristem is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide."}


Prompt:
What is the main subject matter of the Japanese manga series Blue Thermal?

Choices:
H. The exploration of the history and origins of a space academy.
F. The trials and tribulations of high school students navigating their love lives.
S. A thrilling investigation into a mysterious missing person case.
M. A heartwarming story focusing on the relationships between a group of close-knit friends.
D. The adventures and challenges faced by a group of young pilots.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main subject matter of the Japanese manga series Blue Thermal?\n\nChoices:\nH. The exploration of the history and origins of a space academy.\nF. The trials and tribulations of high school students navigating their love lives.\nS. A thrilling investigation into a mysterious missing person case.\nM. A heartwarming story focusing on the relationships between a group of close-knit friends.\nD. The adventures and challenges faced by a group of young pilots."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
The average global temperature has been rising since the end of what era?

Choices:
Q. glacial
G. miocene
H. flintstone
O. pleistocene

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "The average global temperature has been rising since the end of what era?\n\nChoices:\nQ. glacial\nG. miocene\nH. flintstone\nO. pleistocene"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The average global temperature has been rising since the end of the Pleistocene. With some ups and downs, of course. Rising temperatures are natural for this time period. But natural causes cannot explain all the warming that's been happening. There is some other factor at work."}


Prompt:
What is the most common type of anemia?

Choices:
A. iron-def
Q. calcium - def
B. vitamin d - def
M. vitamin k - def

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the most common type of anemia?\n\nChoices:\nA. iron-def\nQ. calcium - def\nB. vitamin d - def\nM. vitamin k - def"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Anemia may not have any symptoms. Some people with anemia feel weak or tired in general or during exercise. They also may have poor concentration. People with more severe anemia often get short of breath during times of activity. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It occurs when the body does not receive enough iron. Since there is not enough iron, hemoglobin, which needs iron to bind oxygen, cannot function properly."}


Prompt:
How many steps are involved in blood clotting?

Choices:
Q. two
F. five
M. six
P. three

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many steps are involved in blood clotting?\n\nChoices:\nQ. two\nF. five\nM. six\nP. three"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Figure 18.14 Hemostasis (a) An injury to a blood vessel initiates the process of hemostasis. Blood clotting involves three steps. First, vascular spasm constricts the flow of blood. Next, a platelet plug forms to temporarily seal small openings in the vessel. Coagulation then enables the repair of the vessel wall once the leakage of blood has stopped. (b) The synthesis of fibrin in blood clots involves either an intrinsic pathway or an extrinsic pathway, both of which lead to a common pathway. ("}


Prompt:
A lake with two buckets of ice water poured into it each day will likely

Choices:
R. drain
L. swell
B. dehydrate
G. shrink

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "A lake with two buckets of ice water poured into it each day will likely\n\nChoices:\nR. drain\nL. swell\nB. dehydrate\nG. shrink"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Molecules that are in continuous motion, travelling in straight lines and changing comprise what state of matter?

Choices:
F. gases
N. solids
L. plasma
G. liquids

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Molecules that are in continuous motion, travelling in straight lines and changing comprise what state of matter?\n\nChoices:\nF. gases\nN. solids\nL. plasma\nG. liquids"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Gases are composed of molecules that are in continuous motion, travelling in straight lines and changing."}


Prompt:
Excess dietary fat is stored as triglycerides in the body. what type of tissue is used to store the triglycerides?

Choices:
A. connective
R. muscle
J. metabolic
L. adipose

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Excess dietary fat is stored as triglycerides in the body. what type of tissue is used to store the triglycerides?\n\nChoices:\nA. connective\nR. muscle\nJ. metabolic\nL. adipose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "inside these cells, glucose is immediately converted into glucose-6-phosphate. By doing this, a concentration gradient is established where glucose levels are higher in the blood than in the cells. This allows for glucose to continue moving from the blood to the cells where it is needed. Insulin also stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells where it can be used for later energy needs of the body. Insulin also promotes the synthesis of protein in muscle. As you "}


Prompt:
Weathering is fundamental to the creation of what, which exists as a very thin layer over solid rock?

Choices:
G. fungus
J. soil
T. moss
R. aquifers

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Weathering is fundamental to the creation of what, which exists as a very thin layer over solid rock?\n\nChoices:\nG. fungus\nJ. soil\nT. moss\nR. aquifers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Without weathering, we would not have any soil on Earth. People could not live on Earth without soil! Your life and the lives of most organisms depend on soil. Soil is only a very thin layer over solid rock. Yet, it is the place where reactions between solid rock, liquid water and air take place. We get wood, paper, cotton, medicines, and even pure water from soil. So soil is a very important resource. Our precious soil needs to be carefully managed and cared for. If we don't take care of the so"}


Prompt:
What property of carbon and other elements can be used to date fossils and rocks, among other things?

Choices:
D. magnetic force
C. half-life
F. full-life
M. mass

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What property of carbon and other elements can be used to date fossils and rocks, among other things?\n\nChoices:\nD. magnetic force\nC. half-life\nF. full-life\nM. mass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Carbon-14 has a relatively short half-life. It decays quickly compared to some other unstable isotopes. So carbon-14 dating is useful for specimens younger than 50,000 years old. That's a blink of an eye in geologic time. But radiocarbon dating is very useful for more recent events. One important use of radiocarbon is early human sites. Carbon-14 dating is also limited to the remains of once-living things. To date rocks, scientists use other radioactive isotopes."}


Prompt:
What term means the percentage by mass of each element in a compound?

Choices:
P. biomass
K. percent composition
F. mass effect
D. elemental percent

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term means the percentage by mass of each element in a compound?\n\nChoices:\nP. biomass\nK. percent composition\nF. mass effect\nD. elemental percent"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Percent Composition The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most succinct way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound's formula is unknown, measuring the mass of each of its constituent elements is often the first step in the process of determining the formula experimentally. The results of these measurements permit the calculation of the compound's percent composition, defined as the percentage by mass of each element in the"}


Prompt:
A species that has only 1 living member

Choices:
T. has already become extinct
R. can reproduce through asexual reproduction
G. is on the verge of extinction
A. should be preserved in a museum

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "A species that has only 1 living member\n\nChoices:\nT. has already become extinct\nR. can reproduce through asexual reproduction\nG. is on the verge of extinction\nA. should be preserved in a museum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What was the significance of the trial and acquittal of the Seven Bishops in 1688?

Choices:
R. It served as a catalyst for the Glorious Revolution and the removal of James II from the throne.
O. It resulted in the swearing in of William of Orange as the new king of England.
A. It triggered the English Civil War between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists.
C. It led to the establishment of the first written constitution in Europe.
M. It marked the rise of the Puritan movement in England.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the significance of the trial and acquittal of the Seven Bishops in 1688?\n\nChoices:\nR. It served as a catalyst for the Glorious Revolution and the removal of James II from the throne.\nO. It resulted in the swearing in of William of Orange as the new king of England.\nA. It triggered the English Civil War between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists.\nC. It led to the establishment of the first written constitution in Europe.\nM. It marked the rise of the Puritan movement in England."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What is never lost and just changes forms?

Choices:
N. fuel
O. life
I. energy
K. food

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is never lost and just changes forms?\n\nChoices:\nN. fuel\nO. life\nI. energy\nK. food"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "This platform is about to change energy from potential to kinetic. The energy is not lost; it just changes forms. The is on top of a precipice. The rest of the ride runs on the potential energy the platform has when it is at the top."}


Prompt:
Shield volcanoes often form along which locations?

Choices:
G. divergent plate boundaries
I. fault lines
M. convergent boundaries
P. tectonic plates

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Shield volcanoes often form along which locations?\n\nChoices:\nG. divergent plate boundaries\nI. fault lines\nM. convergent boundaries\nP. tectonic plates"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Shield volcanoes often form along divergent plate boundaries. They also form at hot spots, like Hawaii. Shield volcano eruptions are non-explosive."}


Prompt:
What is the term for the interaction of waves with other waves?

Choices:
B. shockwave
F. tsunami
G. wave interference
D. current

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the interaction of waves with other waves?\n\nChoices:\nB. shockwave\nF. tsunami\nG. wave interference\nD. current"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Wave interference is the interaction of waves with other waves."}


Prompt:
What are clathrin, copi and copii types of?

Choices:
F. replication coats
R. pathogen coats
O. vesicle coats
B. artery coats

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are clathrin, copi and copii types of?\n\nChoices:\nF. replication coats\nR. pathogen coats\nO. vesicle coats\nB. artery coats"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "The vesicle coat selects specific proteins as cargo. It selects cargo proteins by binding to sorting signals. These complexes cluster in the membrane, forming a vesicle buds, or coated pit . There are three types of vesicle coats: clathrin , COPI and COPII. Clathrin coats are found on vesicles trafficking between the Golgi and plasma membrane, the Golgi and endosomes, and the plasma membrane and endosomes. COPI ( coat protein complex) coated vesicles are responsible for transport from the cis -G"}


Prompt:
What is the main element in organic compounds?

Choices:
O. hydrogen
A. oxygen
L. carbon
G. helium

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main element in organic compounds?\n\nChoices:\nO. hydrogen\nA. oxygen\nL. carbon\nG. helium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "A compound found mainly in living things is known as an organic compound . Organic compounds make up the cells and other structures of organisms and carry out life processes. Carbon is the main element in organic compounds, so carbon is essential to life on Earth. Without carbon, life as we know it could not exist."}


Prompt:
Which kind of rocks contain felsic minerals, typically contain aluminum and sodium and are high in silica?

Choices:
N. felsic igneous
E. igneous
Q. metamorphic
B. sedimentary

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which kind of rocks contain felsic minerals, typically contain aluminum and sodium and are high in silica?\n\nChoices:\nN. felsic igneous\nE. igneous\nQ. metamorphic\nB. sedimentary"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Felsic igneous rocks contain felsic minerals. They typically contain aluminum and sodium; they are high in silica. Quartz and potassium feldspar are felsic minerals. Minerals and rocks with a composition in between mafic and felsic are called intermediate."}


Prompt:
Hummingbirds gather nectar using their

Choices:
D. wings
S. feet
P. bills
I. hands

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Hummingbirds gather nectar using their\n\nChoices:\nD. wings\nS. feet\nP. bills\nI. hands"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Where is the seafloor youngest?

Choices:
F. inland
J. mid-ocean
R. deep currents
D. sand bars

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the seafloor youngest?\n\nChoices:\nF. inland\nJ. mid-ocean\nR. deep currents\nD. sand bars"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Seafloor is youngest near the mid-ocean ridges and gets progressively older with distance from the ridge. Orange areas show the youngest seafloor. The oldest seafloor is near the edges of continents or deep sea trenches."}


Prompt:
What is the geographical location of Rostrenen?

Choices:
H. A commune in the Pas-de-Calais department and Hauts-de-France region of northeastern France.
P. A commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.
C. A commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department and Brittany region of northwestern France.
T. A commune in the Île-de-France region of northern France.
G. A commune in the Occitanie region of southern France.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the geographical location of Rostrenen?\n\nChoices:\nH. A commune in the Pas-de-Calais department and Hauts-de-France region of northeastern France.\nP. A commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.\nC. A commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department and Brittany region of northwestern France.\nT. A commune in the Île-de-France region of northern France.\nG. A commune in the Occitanie region of southern France."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Touching, coughing, or sneezing are examples of directly spreading what microorganisms, which cause diseases like tetanus?

Choices:
B. algae
C. pollen
R. viruses
E. bacteria

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Touching, coughing, or sneezing are examples of directly spreading what microorganisms, which cause diseases like tetanus?\n\nChoices:\nB. algae\nC. pollen\nR. viruses\nE. bacteria"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "You have ten times as many bacteria as human cells in your body. Most of these bacteria are harmless. However, bacteria can also cause disease. Examples of bacterial diseases include tetanus, syphilis, and food poisoning. Bacteria may spread directly from one person to another. For example, they can spread through touching, coughing, or sneezing. They may also spread via food, water, or objects."}


Prompt:
Glucose is an example of what simple carboyhydrates with relatively few carbon atoms?

Choices:
E. sugars
H. solvents
O. acids
N. mixtures

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Glucose is an example of what simple carboyhydrates with relatively few carbon atoms?\n\nChoices:\nE. sugars\nH. solvents\nO. acids\nN. mixtures"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Molecules of sugars have relatively few carbon atoms. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is one of the smallest sugar molecules. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Living things that cannot make glucose obtain it by consuming plants or these other organisms."}


Prompt:
Who of the following does not support the humane and improved treatment of mentally ill persons?

Choices:
K. All of the above
H. Dorothea Dix
C. Philippe Pinel
G. medieval priests

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who of the following does not support the humane and improved treatment of mentally ill persons?\n\nChoices:\nK. All of the above\nH. Dorothea Dix\nC. Philippe Pinel\nG. medieval priests"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2564, "id": 2564, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Driving during a snow storm or strong thunderstorm is a bad idea because bad weather makes it

Choices:
G. able to fly
M. Easier to see
F. glasses
R. harder to see

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Driving during a snow storm or strong thunderstorm is a bad idea because bad weather makes it\n\nChoices:\nG. able to fly\nM. Easier to see\nF. glasses\nR. harder to see"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]