Prompt:
In addition to spiral cleavage, protostomes also undergo which other form of cleavage?

Choices:
O. determinate
J. dispersive
I. straight
H. diagonal

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "In addition to spiral cleavage, protostomes also undergo which other form of cleavage?\n\nChoices:\nO. determinate\nJ. dispersive\nI. straight\nH. diagonal"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "There is a second distinction between the types of cleavage in protostomes and deuterostomes. In addition to spiral cleavage, protostomes also undergo determinate cleavage. This means that even at this early stage, the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is already determined. A cell does not have the ability to develop into any cell type. In contrast, deuterostomes undergo indeterminate cleavage, in which cells are not yet pre-determined at this early stage to develop into specific cell t"}


Prompt:
Which activity involves exerting force on an object with a foot?

Choices:
R. volleyball
E. kickball
D. basketball
I. softball

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which activity involves exerting force on an object with a foot?\n\nChoices:\nR. volleyball\nE. kickball\nD. basketball\nI. softball"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
In the cardiovascular system, what blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Choices:
M. capillaries
R. cilia
B. veins
H. arteries

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "In the cardiovascular system, what blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?\n\nChoices:\nM. capillaries\nR. cilia\nB. veins\nH. arteries"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "The blood vessels are an important part of the cardiovascular system. They connect the heart to every cell in the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
Earth's magnetic field is called the what?

Choices:
N. thermosphere
S. ionosphere
M. magnetosphere
F. stratosphere

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Earth's magnetic field is called the what?\n\nChoices:\nN. thermosphere\nS. ionosphere\nM. magnetosphere\nF. stratosphere"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Like all magnets, Earth has a magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field is called the magnetosphere . You can see a model of the magnetosphere in the Figure below . It is a huge region that extends outward from Earth in all directions. Earth exerts magnetic force over the entire field, but the force is strongest at the poles, where lines of force converge. For an animated model of the magnetosphere, watch this video: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=5SXgOWYyn84 ."}


Prompt:
Each hemisphere of the cerebrum consists of four parts, called what?

Choices:
C. rows
O. lobes
L. quarters
F. layers

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each hemisphere of the cerebrum consists of four parts, called what?\n\nChoices:\nC. rows\nO. lobes\nL. quarters\nF. layers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Each hemisphere of the cerebrum consists of four parts, called lobes. Each lobe is associated with particular brain functions. Just one function of each lobe is listed here."}


Prompt:
What is the significance of the songs "Very Busy People" and "Internet Killed the Video Star" on The Limousines' debut album Get Sharp?

Choices:
G. "Internet Killed the Video Star" is a cover version of the eStudio Creative, Inc. parody song.
R. "Very Busy People" is a tribute to the Buggles hit "Video Killed the Radio Star."
I. "Very Busy People" and "Internet Killed the Video Star" are both references to popular culture.
H. "Very Busy People" and "Internet Killed the Video Star" are the only two songs on the album.
M. "Internet Killed the Video Star" is an original song while "Very Busy People" is a cover version.

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the songs \"Very Busy People\" and \"Internet Killed the Video Star\" on The Limousines' debut album Get Sharp?\n\nChoices:\nG. \"Internet Killed the Video Star\" is a cover version of the eStudio Creative, Inc. parody song.\nR. \"Very Busy People\" is a tribute to the Buggles hit \"Video Killed the Radio Star.\"\nI. \"Very Busy People\" and \"Internet Killed the Video Star\" are both references to popular culture.\nH. \"Very Busy People\" and \"Internet Killed the Video Star\" are the only two songs on the album.\nM. \"Internet Killed the Video Star\" is an original song while \"Very Busy People\" is a cover version."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What requirement of the second circuit does the current that flows in the primary circuit depend on?

Choices:
D. amount of current
S. accumulation of current
M. composition of current
R. velocity of current

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What requirement of the second circuit does the current that flows in the primary circuit depend on?\n\nChoices:\nD. amount of current\nS. accumulation of current\nM. composition of current\nR. velocity of current"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "The current that flows in the primary depends on how much current is required by the secondary circuit."}


Prompt:
What type of electrons does carbon have?

Choices:
C. ionic
J. shell
A. valence
I. gradient

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of electrons does carbon have?\n\nChoices:\nC. ionic\nJ. shell\nA. valence\nI. gradient"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Carbon is a nonmetal in group 14 of the periodic table. Like other group 14 compounds, carbon has four valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonds. The valence electrons of carbon are shown in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
What forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell?

Choices:
T. the plasma membrane
G. the mitochondria membrane
O. the splatter membrane
K. the cellular membrane

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell?\n\nChoices:\nT. the plasma membrane\nG. the mitochondria membrane\nO. the splatter membrane\nK. the cellular membrane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "The plasma membrane forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell."}


Prompt:
Like mammals, birds have kidneys with juxtamedullary nephrons that specialize in conserving what?

Choices:
A. food
C. blood
T. water
M. air

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Like mammals, birds have kidneys with juxtamedullary nephrons that specialize in conserving what?\n\nChoices:\nA. food\nC. blood\nT. water\nM. air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Factories often add something to the environment that is

Choices:
D. posionous
B. helpful
T. sanitizing
R. productive

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Factories often add something to the environment that is\n\nChoices:\nD. posionous\nB. helpful\nT. sanitizing\nR. productive"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Lymph capillaries collect the fluid that leaks from blood capillaries and slowly return it to what system?

Choices:
R. gastrointestinal
D. circulatory
C. cardiovascular
G. muscular

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Lymph capillaries collect the fluid that leaks from blood capillaries and slowly return it to what system?\n\nChoices:\nR. gastrointestinal\nD. circulatory\nC. cardiovascular\nG. muscular"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Courtesy of the U. S. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Lymph capillaries collect the flood the leaks from blood capillaries and is slowly returned to the cardiovascular system ."}


Prompt:
The Earth revolving around the sun can cause

Choices:
R. earth's axis to be widened
O. constellations to appear in one place in spring and another in fall
K. the stars to rotate diagonally in the sky
B. stars to fade as winter approaches

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "The Earth revolving around the sun can cause\n\nChoices:\nR. earth's axis to be widened\nO. constellations to appear in one place in spring and another in fall\nK. the stars to rotate diagonally in the sky\nB. stars to fade as winter approaches"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What type of organisms do not need blood?

Choices:
S. cold-blooded
T. vertebrate
N. marine
I. single-celled

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of organisms do not need blood?\n\nChoices:\nS. cold-blooded\nT. vertebrate\nN. marine\nI. single-celled"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Single-celled organisms do not need blood. They obtain nutrients directly from and excrete wastes directly into their environment. The human organism cannot do that. Our large, complex bodies need blood to deliver nutrients to and remove wastes from our trillions of cells. The heart pumps blood throughout the body in a network of blood vessels. Together, these three components—blood, heart, and vessels—makes up the cardiovascular system. This chapter focuses on the medium of transport: blood."}


Prompt:
What could loosen the soil by creating tunnels?

Choices:
O. rabbits
S. candles
M. spaceships
J. love

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What could loosen the soil by creating tunnels?\n\nChoices:\nO. rabbits\nS. candles\nM. spaceships\nJ. love"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element?

Choices:
A. atom
G. neutron
C. nucleus
B. electron

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element?\n\nChoices:\nA. atom\nG. neutron\nC. nucleus\nB. electron"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is the atom. All the atoms of an element are like one another, and are different from the atoms of all other elements."}


Prompt:
What "plumbing" structures inside the veins maintain a unidirectional flow of blood despite the low blood pressure?

Choices:
O. valves
T. tubes
R. pumps
S. funnels

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What \"plumbing\" structures inside the veins maintain a unidirectional flow of blood despite the low blood pressure?\n\nChoices:\nO. valves\nT. tubes\nR. pumps\nS. funnels"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Heat can can cause matter to

Choices:
R. shift phases
E. become intelligent
M. multiply
G. disappear

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Heat can can cause matter to\n\nChoices:\nR. shift phases\nE. become intelligent\nM. multiply\nG. disappear"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Most living things build proteins from the same 20 different what?

Choices:
J. uncommon acids
R. amino acids
D. atomic isolates
E. acid peptides

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Most living things build proteins from the same 20 different what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. uncommon acids\nR. amino acids\nD. atomic isolates\nE. acid peptides"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "if the salt produced is an acidic salt."}


Prompt:
What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on?

Choices:
H. mass
T. chance
C. compound
F. age

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on?\n\nChoices:\nH. mass\nT. chance\nC. compound\nF. age"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "A crystal contains a three-dimensional array of alternating positive and negative ions. The precise pattern depends on the compound. A crystal of sodium chloride, shown here, is a collection of alternating sodium and chlorine ions."}


Prompt:
The insect reaches full size, acquires wings, and becomes sexually mature after what final stage?

Choices:
A. molt
R. pupae
C. metamorphosis
M. larvae

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The insect reaches full size, acquires wings, and becomes sexually mature after what final stage?\n\nChoices:\nA. molt\nR. pupae\nC. metamorphosis\nM. larvae"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What can be used to estimate the energy change of a chemical reaction?

Choices:
F. chemical energy
K. bond magnitudes
R. isoenergies
O. bond energies

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What can be used to estimate the energy change of a chemical reaction?\n\nChoices:\nF. chemical energy\nK. bond magnitudes\nR. isoenergies\nO. bond energies"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Bond energies can be used to estimate the energy change of a chemical reaction. When bonds are broken in the reactants, the energy change for this process is endothermic. When bonds are formed in the products, the energy change for this process is exothermic. We combine the positive energy change with the negative energy change to estimate the overall energy change of the reaction. For example, in."}


Prompt:
The upper portion of the septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of which bone?

Choices:
R. ethmoid bone
A. colossal bone
J. concomitant bone
L. duodenum bone

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "The upper portion of the septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of which bone?\n\nChoices:\nR. ethmoid bone\nA. colossal bone\nJ. concomitant bone\nL. duodenum bone"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The Nasal Septum and Nasal Conchae The nasal septum consists of both bone and cartilage components (Figure 7.17; see also Figure 7.11). The upper portion of the septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The lower and posterior parts of the septum are formed by the triangular-shaped vomer bone. In an anterior view of the skull, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is easily seen inside the nasal opening as the upper nasal septum, but only a small portion of the vomer"}


Prompt:
Which likely provides a neutral effect to local organisms?

Choices:
D. stormy weather
Q. asteroid impact
P. 9.0 earthquake
O. habitat destruction

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which likely provides a neutral effect to local organisms?\n\nChoices:\nD. stormy weather\nQ. asteroid impact\nP. 9.0 earthquake\nO. habitat destruction"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?

Choices:
J. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity.
M. They grow and form the periosteum.
I. They develop into osteocytes.
C. They group together to form the primary ossification center.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?\n\nChoices:\nJ. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity.\nM. They grow and form the periosteum.\nI. They develop into osteocytes.\nC. They group together to form the primary ossification center."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1961, "id": 1961, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What are the most common forms of lasers today made of?

Choices:
J. silcon
E. spirogyra
G. prisms
T. light

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the most common forms of lasers today made of?\n\nChoices:\nJ. silcon\nE. spirogyra\nG. prisms\nT. light"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Lasers are constructed from many types of lasing materials, including gases, liquids, solids, and semiconductors. But all lasers are based on the existence of a metastable state or a phosphorescent material. Some lasers produce continuous output; others are pulsed in bursts as brief as 10 −14 s . Some laser outputs are fantastically powerful—some greater than 10 12 W —but the −3 more common, everyday lasers produce something on the order of 10 W . The helium-neon laser that produces a familiar r"}


Prompt:
What was Sir John Marcus Fox's role within the Conservative Party and the 1922 Committee?

Choices:
J. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Labour Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.
M. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 2002 and 2007.
C. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.
K. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Liberal Democrat politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.
A. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was Sir John Marcus Fox's role within the Conservative Party and the 1922 Committee?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Labour Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.\nM. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 2002 and 2007.\nC. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.\nK. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Liberal Democrat politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997.\nA. Sir John Marcus Fox was a British Conservative Party politician and served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Shipley from 1970 to 1997. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee between 1992 and 1997."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Organic food is currently considered best for people because

Choices:
A. they are higher in fiber
B. they use pesticide when growing
I. they avoid using bug killers when grown
P. they have more vitamins

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Organic food is currently considered best for people because\n\nChoices:\nA. they are higher in fiber\nB. they use pesticide when growing\nI. they avoid using bug killers when grown\nP. they have more vitamins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?

Choices:
I. Symbolic interactionism
M. Functionalism
A. Conflict theory
F. Feminism

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?\n\nChoices:\nI. Symbolic interactionism\nM. Functionalism\nA. Conflict theory\nF. Feminism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1619, "id": 1619, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What term is used for darwin's idea that in stable geologic and climatic conditions evolution occurred gradually?

Choices:
I. elitism
N. tinkering
L. canibalism
F. gradualism

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used for darwin's idea that in stable geologic and climatic conditions evolution occurred gradually?\n\nChoices:\nI. elitism\nN. tinkering\nL. canibalism\nF. gradualism"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "When geologic and climatic conditions are stable, evolution may occur gradually. This is how Darwin thought evolution occurred. This model of the timing of evolution is called gradualism ."}


Prompt:
Glass can become a liquid if

Choices:
A. it is dampened
J. it is dyed
O. it is frozen
D. it is baked

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Glass can become a liquid if\n\nChoices:\nA. it is dampened\nJ. it is dyed\nO. it is frozen\nD. it is baked"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
An example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by

Choices:
A. cooking lunch
E. prolonged solar expsosure
P. taking naps
R. smiting enemies

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of evaporation is a body of water drying up by\n\nChoices:\nA. cooking lunch\nE. prolonged solar expsosure\nP. taking naps\nR. smiting enemies"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
What occurs whenever an unbalanced force acts on an object?

Choices:
J. inertia
S. vibration
T. compression
D. acceleration

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What occurs whenever an unbalanced force acts on an object?\n\nChoices:\nJ. inertia\nS. vibration\nT. compression\nD. acceleration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Whenever an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction, it accelerates. Acceleration occurs whenever an unbalanced force acts on an object. Two factors affect the acceleration of an object: the net force acting on the object and the object's mass. Newton's second law of motion describes how force and mass affect acceleration. The law states that the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the object's mass. This can be represented by the equation:."}


Prompt:
Which two atoms are found in most organic compounds?

Choices:
S. potassium and carbon
N. hydrogen and magnesium
A. hydrogen and carbon
T. magnesium and carbon

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which two atoms are found in most organic compounds?\n\nChoices:\nS. potassium and carbon\nN. hydrogen and magnesium\nA. hydrogen and carbon\nT. magnesium and carbon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
One of the earliest air pumps was made by?

Choices:
Q. robert boyle
S. Galileo
E. Isaac Newton
K. Niels Bohr

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "One of the earliest air pumps was made by?\n\nChoices:\nQ. robert boyle\nS. Galileo\nE. Isaac Newton\nK. Niels Bohr"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "One of the earliest air pumps was made by Robert Boyle. The figure below is a diagram of his early pump."}


Prompt:
If seeds stick to the coat of an animal they can be?

Choices:
L. eaten
B. transported
S. germinated
A. stored

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "If seeds stick to the coat of an animal they can be?\n\nChoices:\nL. eaten\nB. transported\nS. germinated\nA. stored"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between what and the internal organs?

Choices:
S. hormones
M. peripheral nervous system
P. somatic system
Q. central nervous system

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between what and the internal organs?\n\nChoices:\nS. hormones\nM. peripheral nervous system\nP. somatic system\nQ. central nervous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between the CNS and the internal organs. It controls the lungs, the heart, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands. The autonomic nervous system controls these organs largely without conscious control; it can continuously monitor the conditions of these different systems and implement changes as needed. Signaling to the target tissue usually involves two synapses: a preganglionic neuron (originating in the CNS) synapses to a neuron in a g"}


Prompt:
Remora fish

Choices:
R. attach themselves to boats like barnacles
K. are exclusively kelp and seaweed eaters
S. act as a clean up crew for a shark's crumbs
C. act as a support system during a shark's reproduction cycle

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Remora fish\n\nChoices:\nR. attach themselves to boats like barnacles\nK. are exclusively kelp and seaweed eaters\nS. act as a clean up crew for a shark's crumbs\nC. act as a support system during a shark's reproduction cycle"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms called?

Choices:
S. alkenes
I. peptides
G. enzymes
N. amines

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms called?\n\nChoices:\nS. alkenes\nI. peptides\nG. enzymes\nN. amines"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms."}


Prompt:
What can be formed by damming a river?

Choices:
S. H2O body
K. fires
J. mountains
P. metals

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What can be formed by damming a river?\n\nChoices:\nS. H2O body\nK. fires\nJ. mountains\nP. metals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Which organ is a wide tube connecting the small intestine with the anus?

Choices:
I. jejunum
F. large intestine
K. rectum
O. stomach

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which organ is a wide tube connecting the small intestine with the anus?\n\nChoices:\nI. jejunum\nF. large intestine\nK. rectum\nO. stomach"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "The large intestine is a wide tube that connects the small intestine with the anus. In adults, the large intestine is about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long. It is larger in width but shorter in length than the small intestine."}


Prompt:
What are organic molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen called?

Choices:
R. proteins
T. amino acids
E. electrolytes
O. carbohydrates

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are organic molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen called?\n\nChoices:\nR. proteins\nT. amino acids\nE. electrolytes\nO. carbohydrates"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Carbohydrates are organic molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are made up of repeating units called saccharides. They provide cells with energy, store energy, and form structural tissues."}


Prompt:
The common earthworm and leeches are examples of what type of worm?

Choices:
G. segmented
O. castrated
C. encapsulated
L. elongated

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "The common earthworm and leeches are examples of what type of worm?\n\nChoices:\nG. segmented\nO. castrated\nC. encapsulated\nL. elongated"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Segmented worms include the common earthworm and leeches."}


Prompt:
What animal can live without oxygen

Choices:
G. platypus
O. shark
H. Turtle
J. Loriciferans

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What animal can live without oxygen\n\nChoices:\nG. platypus\nO. shark\nH. Turtle\nJ. Loriciferans"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
When our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner, it is called what?

Choices:
J. enhancement bias
O. hindsight bias
T. stereotypical bias
F. egocentric bias

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "When our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner, it is called what?\n\nChoices:\nJ. enhancement bias\nO. hindsight bias\nT. stereotypical bias\nF. egocentric bias"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 780, "id": 780, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Which blood pressure is highest when the heart contracts during ventricular systole?

Choices:
I. resting rate
L. diastolic
N. arterial
Q. systolic

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which blood pressure is highest when the heart contracts during ventricular systole?\n\nChoices:\nI. resting rate\nL. diastolic\nN. arterial\nQ. systolic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Where would animals shiver the most?

Choices:
N. tropical rainforest
A. Arctic Circle
B. Sumatra
K. Java

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where would animals shiver the most?\n\nChoices:\nN. tropical rainforest\nA. Arctic Circle\nB. Sumatra\nK. Java"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Keeping shopping bags out of the dump affects the earth

Choices:
E. very little
R. negatively
P. neutrally
L. positively

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Keeping shopping bags out of the dump affects the earth\n\nChoices:\nE. very little\nR. negatively\nP. neutrally\nL. positively"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
The trachea and bronchi are made of incomplete rings of this?

Choices:
N. ligaments
T. collagen
Q. membrane
C. cartilage

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "The trachea and bronchi are made of incomplete rings of this?\n\nChoices:\nN. ligaments\nT. collagen\nQ. membrane\nC. cartilage"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Figure 39.8 The trachea and bronchi are made of incomplete rings of cartilage. (credit: modification of work by Gray's Anatomy)."}


Prompt:
As a car drives off in the night

Choices:
L. only the bumper is visible
P. the taillights get brighter the further they go
E. the taillights are turned off
O. the taillights recede into the dark

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "As a car drives off in the night\n\nChoices:\nL. only the bumper is visible\nP. the taillights get brighter the further they go\nE. the taillights are turned off\nO. the taillights recede into the dark"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What is the main element in organic compounds?

Choices:
S. carbon
C. oxygen
I. nitrogen
T. hydrogen

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main element in organic compounds?\n\nChoices:\nS. carbon\nC. oxygen\nI. nitrogen\nT. hydrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Carbon is the main element in organic compounds. Carbon can form stable bonds with many elements, including itself."}


Prompt:
What is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Choices:
M. base
K. isomer
C. catalyst
Q. acid

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water\n\nChoices:\nM. base\nK. isomer\nC. catalyst\nQ. acid"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus paper blue."}


Prompt:
High levels of radiation can remove electrons from?

Choices:
R. acids
A. metals
F. humans
H. water

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "High levels of radiation can remove electrons from?\n\nChoices:\nR. acids\nA. metals\nF. humans\nH. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Nonliving things can also be damaged by radiation. For example, high levels of radiation can remove electrons from metals. This may weaken metals in nuclear power plants and space vehicles, both of which are exposed to very high levels of radiation."}


Prompt:
If something is outside during the day what will it receive?

Choices:
M. energy
A. food
S. water
B. sunbeams

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "If something is outside during the day what will it receive?\n\nChoices:\nM. energy\nA. food\nS. water\nB. sunbeams"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is a property of a system whose magnitude depends on only the present state of the system, not its previous history?

Choices:
A. laplacian
T. state function
G. extensive function
E. intensive function

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is a property of a system whose magnitude depends on only the present state of the system, not its previous history?\n\nChoices:\nA. laplacian\nT. state function\nG. extensive function\nE. intensive function"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "conserved. The state of a system is a complete description of a system at a given time, including its temperature and pressure, the amount of matter it contains, its chemical composition, and the physical state of the matter. A state function is a property of a system whose magnitude depends on only the present state of the system, not its previous history. Temperature, pressure, volume, and potential energy are all state functions. The temperature of an oven, for example, is independent of howe"}


Prompt:
which of these people will have the best sight while driving to work?

Choices:
F. a person driving in the rain
O. a person driving in the night
D. a person driving in the blizzard
Q. a person in the spring morning

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these people will have the best sight while driving to work?\n\nChoices:\nF. a person driving in the rain\nO. a person driving in the night\nD. a person driving in the blizzard\nQ. a person in the spring morning"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
A canyon is created by a strong force such as

Choices:
T. lightening striking
C. rapids crashing
G. thunder rusting
L. water dripping

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "A canyon is created by a strong force such as\n\nChoices:\nT. lightening striking\nC. rapids crashing\nG. thunder rusting\nL. water dripping"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What is antisocial personality disorder associated with?

Choices:
O. increased empathy
D. parental overprotection
S. emotional deficits
T. memory deficits

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is antisocial personality disorder associated with?\n\nChoices:\nO. increased empathy\nD. parental overprotection\nS. emotional deficits\nT. memory deficits"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1435, "id": 1435, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
If someone is allergic to sunlight then the place they need to avoid is

Choices:
P. underwater
Q. gazebo
K. libraries
A. buildings

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "If someone is allergic to sunlight then the place they need to avoid is\n\nChoices:\nP. underwater\nQ. gazebo\nK. libraries\nA. buildings"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which the size will level off at a point called what?

Choices:
D. believed capacity
I. containing capacity
J. full capacity
T. carrying capacity

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which the size will level off at a point called what?\n\nChoices:\nD. believed capacity\nI. containing capacity\nJ. full capacity\nT. carrying capacity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "19.2 Population Growth and Regulation Populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially—with an accelerating growth rate. When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which population size will level off at the carrying capacity. Populations are regulated by a variety of density-dependent and density-independent factors. Life-history characteristics, such as age at first reproduction or numbers of offspring, are characteristics that evolve in populations ju"}


Prompt:
What biological agents that infect living hosts contain dna, yet lack the other parts shared by all cells, including a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes?

Choices:
C. worms
S. viruses
E. bacteria
R. parasites

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What biological agents that infect living hosts contain dna, yet lack the other parts shared by all cells, including a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes?\n\nChoices:\nC. worms\nS. viruses\nE. bacteria\nR. parasites"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Viruses contain DNA but not much else. They lack the other parts shared by all cells, including a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. Therefore, viruses are not cells, but are they alive? All living things not only have cells; they are also capable of reproduction. Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. Instead, they infect living hosts, and use the hosts' cells to make copies of their own DNA. Viruses also do not have their own metabolism or maintain homeostasis. For these reasons, most"}


Prompt:
What is the name of the process in which both the system and its environment can return to exactly the states they were in by following the reverse path?

Choices:
S. conductive process
C. reversible process
G. Remote process
Q. Different Process

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of the process in which both the system and its environment can return to exactly the states they were in by following the reverse path?\n\nChoices:\nS. conductive process\nC. reversible process\nG. Remote process\nQ. Different Process"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Reversible Processes Both isothermal and adiabatic processes such as shown in Figure 15.13 are reversible in principle. A reversible process is one in which both the system and its environment can return to exactly the states they were in by following the reverse path. The reverse isothermal and adiabatic paths are BA and CA, respectively. Real macroscopic processes are never exactly reversible. In the previous examples, our system is a gas (like that in Figure 15.9), and its environment is the "}


Prompt:
When the temperature of water is increased after being used in cooling, it is this form of pollution?

Choices:
Q. thermal
N. cosmic
M. atmospheric
A. air

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "When the temperature of water is increased after being used in cooling, it is this form of pollution?\n\nChoices:\nQ. thermal\nN. cosmic\nM. atmospheric\nA. air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Thermal pollution is pollution that raises the temperature of water. This is caused by power plants and factories that use the water to cool their machines. The plants pump cold water from a lake or coastal area through giant cooling towers, like those in Figure below . As it flows through the towers, the cold water absorbs heat. This warmed water is returned to the lake or sea. Thermal pollution can kill fish and other water life. It's not just the warm temperature that kills them. Warm water c"}


Prompt:
Which of the following does not accurately represent the accounting equation?

Choices:
I. Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity
C. Assets – Stockholders' Equity = Liabilities
H. Assets – Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity
G. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following does not accurately represent the accounting equation?\n\nChoices:\nI. Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity\nC. Assets – Stockholders' Equity = Liabilities\nH. Assets – Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity\nG. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3249, "id": 3249, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What core ingredient of red pasta sauce comes from a flower?

Choices:
S. Tomato
N. Bell Pepper
L. Oregano
M. Onion

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What core ingredient of red pasta sauce comes from a flower?\n\nChoices:\nS. Tomato\nN. Bell Pepper\nL. Oregano\nM. Onion"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Ultraviolet light has higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths than visible light, which means it has more what?

Choices:
A. energy
T. pressure
S. length
G. width

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ultraviolet light has higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths than visible light, which means it has more what?\n\nChoices:\nA. energy\nT. pressure\nS. length\nG. width"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light. Ultraviolet light also has more energy, which makes it useful for killing germs. Too much exposure to ultraviolet light can damage the skin."}


Prompt:
Flagella, cilia and pseudopods are appendages that protists use for what purpose?

Choices:
N. movement
M. pressure
H. momentum
B. gravity

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Flagella, cilia and pseudopods are appendages that protists use for what purpose?\n\nChoices:\nN. movement\nM. pressure\nH. momentum\nB. gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Most protists have motility . This is the ability to move. Protists have three types of appendages for movement. As shown in Figure below , they may have flagella, cilia , or pseudopods (\"false feet\"). There may be one or more whip-like flagella. Cilia are similar to flagella, except they are shorter and there are more of them. They may completely cover the surface of the protist cell. Pseudopods are temporary, foot-like extensions of the cytoplasm."}


Prompt:
How was Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" released?

Choices:
I. Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" was released on August 19, 2016 by Huang Z.TAO Studio.
G. Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" was not released.
B. Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" was released on August 19, 2015 by Huang Z.TAO Studio.
K. Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" was released on August 19, 2015 by a different music label.
T. Z.TAO's EP "Z.TAO" was released on an unspecified date in 2015.

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "How was Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" released?\n\nChoices:\nI. Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" was released on August 19, 2016 by Huang Z.TAO Studio.\nG. Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" was not released.\nB. Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" was released on August 19, 2015 by Huang Z.TAO Studio.\nK. Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" was released on August 19, 2015 by a different music label.\nT. Z.TAO's EP \"Z.TAO\" was released on an unspecified date in 2015."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Electron capture occurs when an inner shell electron combines with a proton and is converted into what?

Choices:
K. nuclei
Q. photon
F. neutron
G. protein

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Electron capture occurs when an inner shell electron combines with a proton and is converted into what?\n\nChoices:\nK. nuclei\nQ. photon\nF. neutron\nG. protein"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Figure 12.4 An overhead view of a car passing a truck on a highway. Air passing between the vehicles flows in a narrower channel and must increase its speed ( v 2 is greater than v 1 ), causing the pressure between them to drop ( P i is less than P o ). Greater pressure on the outside pushes the car and truck together."}


Prompt:
Each hydrogen atom follows the octet rule with how many pairs of electrons?

Choices:
Q. four
E. one
O. six
P. eight

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each hydrogen atom follows the octet rule with how many pairs of electrons?\n\nChoices:\nQ. four\nE. one\nO. six\nP. eight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "The oxygen atom follows the octet rule with two pairs of bonding electrons and two lone pairs. Each hydrogen atom follows the octet rule with one bonding pair of electrons."}


Prompt:
What are Eccrine sweat glands?

Choices:
N. are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat
G. produce sebum
Q. are present on hair
L. act as a moisturizer

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are Eccrine sweat glands?\n\nChoices:\nN. are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat\nG. produce sebum\nQ. are present on hair\nL. act as a moisturizer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 824, "id": 824, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Something that died millions of years ago can still be relevant

Choices:
N. because we still see them
G. because they are in our memories
A. because we miss them
O. because we drive cars

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Something that died millions of years ago can still be relevant\n\nChoices:\nN. because we still see them\nG. because they are in our memories\nA. because we miss them\nO. because we drive cars"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Large Stag that are hunted prefer to live in the

Choices:
T. ocean
A. space
N. timberland
K. desert

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Large Stag that are hunted prefer to live in the\n\nChoices:\nT. ocean\nA. space\nN. timberland\nK. desert"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
How did Hay's suggestion of an open door policy in China benefit the United States over other nations?

Choices:
C. The United States produced goods of better quality and lower cost than other countries.
S. The United States was the only nation granted permission to collect taxes on the goods it traded within China's borders.
A. The United States enjoyed a historically stronger relationship with the Chinese government.
D. The United States controlled more foreign ports than other countries.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "How did Hay's suggestion of an open door policy in China benefit the United States over other nations?\n\nChoices:\nC. The United States produced goods of better quality and lower cost than other countries.\nS. The United States was the only nation granted permission to collect taxes on the goods it traded within China's borders.\nA. The United States enjoyed a historically stronger relationship with the Chinese government.\nD. The United States controlled more foreign ports than other countries."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2231, "id": 2231, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Where does the stored energy in fossil fuels originally come from, before it changed forms several times?

Choices:
G. the sun
A. Earth's core
Q. the Moon
I. decomposers

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where does the stored energy in fossil fuels originally come from, before it changed forms several times?\n\nChoices:\nG. the sun\nA. Earth's core\nQ. the Moon\nI. decomposers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Fossil fuels contain stored chemical energy that came originally from the sun. Ancient plants changed energy in sunlight to stored chemical energy in food, which was eaten by other organisms. After the plants and other organisms died, their remains gradually changed to fossil fuels as they were pressed beneath layers of sediments. Petroleum and natural gas formed from marine organisms and are often found together. Coal formed from giant tree ferns and other swamp plants."}


Prompt:
What is formed by water evaporating from a solution of water and minerals?

Choices:
D. food
E. pants
N. shale
T. glass

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is formed by water evaporating from a solution of water and minerals?\n\nChoices:\nD. food\nE. pants\nN. shale\nT. glass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What mineral is used in jewelry because of its striking greenish-blue color?

Choices:
R. turquoise
L. glass
E. aqua
Q. lime

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What mineral is used in jewelry because of its striking greenish-blue color?\n\nChoices:\nR. turquoise\nL. glass\nE. aqua\nQ. lime"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Diamonds have many valuable properties. Diamonds are extremely hard and are used for industrial purposes. The most valuable diamonds are large, well-shaped and sparkly. Turquoise is another mineral that is used in jewelry because of its striking greenish-blue color. Many minerals have interesting appearances. Specific terms are used to describe the appearance of minerals."}


Prompt:
A good example of increased demand may equal increased production is

Choices:
M. dogs eat kibble, so stores sell it
O. cats eat mice, so mice are afraid of cats
G. people have babies, so baby clothes are made
P. soldiers eat beans, so beans are planted when there is war

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "A good example of increased demand may equal increased production is\n\nChoices:\nM. dogs eat kibble, so stores sell it\nO. cats eat mice, so mice are afraid of cats\nG. people have babies, so baby clothes are made\nP. soldiers eat beans, so beans are planted when there is war"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is the specific geographical location in which Penwortham Castle was built, making it a Scheduled Ancient Monument?

Choices:
F. West bank of the River Ribble, near Lancashire
I. North bank of the River Ribble, near Preston
P. South bank of the River Ribble, at Penwortham
O. East bank of the River Ribble, near Penwortham
N. On a mound near the River Ribble, at grid reference SD524291

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the specific geographical location in which Penwortham Castle was built, making it a Scheduled Ancient Monument?\n\nChoices:\nF. West bank of the River Ribble, near Lancashire\nI. North bank of the River Ribble, near Preston\nP. South bank of the River Ribble, at Penwortham\nO. East bank of the River Ribble, near Penwortham\nN. On a mound near the River Ribble, at grid reference SD524291"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Magnetic poles always occur in pairs - what are the names of each pole?

Choices:
H. tropic and arctic
L. north and south
I. prime and equator
R. southwest and south

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Magnetic poles always occur in pairs - what are the names of each pole?\n\nChoices:\nH. tropic and arctic\nL. north and south\nI. prime and equator\nR. southwest and south"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "• Like poles repel and unlike poles attract. • Magnetic poles always occur in pairs of north and south—it is not possible to isolate north and south poles."}


Prompt:
For a scientific theory to be valid, in what way should it be verified?

Choices:
B. directly
R. systematically
F. optimally
E. experimentally

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "For a scientific theory to be valid, in what way should it be verified?\n\nChoices:\nB. directly\nR. systematically\nF. optimally\nE. experimentally"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "For a scientific theory to be valid, it must be verified experimentally. Many parts of the string theory are currently untestable due to the large amount of energy that would be needed to carry out the necessary experiments as well as the high cost of conducting these experiments. Therefore string theory may not be tested in the foreseeable future. Some scientists have even questioned whether it deserves to be called a scientific theory because it is not falsifiable."}


Prompt:
What kind of energy can move through glass much better than through paper?

Choices:
C. vibrational
J. heat
L. light
S. sound

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of energy can move through glass much better than through paper?\n\nChoices:\nC. vibrational\nJ. heat\nL. light\nS. sound"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
Much like the processes of dna replication and transcription, translation consists of three main stages: initiation, elongation, and this?

Choices:
F. assimilation
Q. detonation
B. isolation
I. termination

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Much like the processes of dna replication and transcription, translation consists of three main stages: initiation, elongation, and this?\n\nChoices:\nF. assimilation\nQ. detonation\nB. isolation\nI. termination"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Much like the processes of DNA replication and transcription, translation consists of three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation takes place with the binding of a ribosome to an mRNA transcript. The elongation stage involves the recognition of a tRNA anticodon with the next mRNA codon in the sequence. Once the anticodon and codon sequences are bound (remember, they are complementary base pairs), the tRNA presents its amino acid cargo and the growing polypeptide strand"}


Prompt:
Who made a proposal to prohibit the importation of enslaved people to Missouri following its admission to the United States?

Choices:
J. James Tallmadge
K. John C. Calhoun
H. John Quincy Adams
P. Henry Clay

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who made a proposal to prohibit the importation of enslaved people to Missouri following its admission to the United States?\n\nChoices:\nJ. James Tallmadge\nK. John C. Calhoun\nH. John Quincy Adams\nP. Henry Clay"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3057, "id": 3057, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
In an experiment, what is kept constant so they will not affect the results, including affecting the dependent variable?

Choices:
O. similar controls
H. educated controls
Q. experimental controls
J. atmospheric controls

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "In an experiment, what is kept constant so they will not affect the results, including affecting the dependent variable?\n\nChoices:\nO. similar controls\nH. educated controls\nQ. experimental controls\nJ. atmospheric controls"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Experimental controls are other factors that might affect the dependent variable. They are kept constant so they will not affect the results of the experiment."}


Prompt:
An example of data collection is

Choices:
R. Throwing documents in the trash
D. speaking with a witness
O. Deleting case files on the computer
C. Touching evidence without gloves

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of data collection is\n\nChoices:\nR. Throwing documents in the trash\nD. speaking with a witness\nO. Deleting case files on the computer\nC. Touching evidence without gloves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following is true?

Choices:
D. Ice will turn to liquid water below its freezing point
A. Liquid water will turn to water vapor when the temperature is more than its boiling point
F. Liquid water will turn to ice below its freezing point
Q. Ice will turn to water vapor when it stays under its boiling point

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is true?\n\nChoices:\nD. Ice will turn to liquid water below its freezing point\nA. Liquid water will turn to water vapor when the temperature is more than its boiling point\nF. Liquid water will turn to ice below its freezing point\nQ. Ice will turn to water vapor when it stays under its boiling point"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis?

Choices:
S. phosphofructokinase
N. aldolase
P. glucose-6-phosphatase
J. hexokinase

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis?\n\nChoices:\nS. phosphofructokinase\nN. aldolase\nP. glucose-6-phosphatase\nJ. hexokinase"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3348, "id": 3348, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is the focus of the documentary film Gaza Surf Club?

Choices:
E. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club follows the daily lives of a group of surfers in the Gaza Strip, highlighting their passion for surfing as a form of liberation.
C. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club explores the history and origins of surfing as a recreational activity.
S. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club investigates the health benefits of surfing for individuals living in coastal regions.
T. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club delves into the political situation in the Gaza Strip, offering insights into the conflicts and tensions faced by its inhabitants.
I. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club examines the economic impact of the surfing industry in Hawaii.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the focus of the documentary film Gaza Surf Club?\n\nChoices:\nE. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club follows the daily lives of a group of surfers in the Gaza Strip, highlighting their passion for surfing as a form of liberation.\nC. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club explores the history and origins of surfing as a recreational activity.\nS. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club investigates the health benefits of surfing for individuals living in coastal regions.\nT. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club delves into the political situation in the Gaza Strip, offering insights into the conflicts and tensions faced by its inhabitants.\nI. The documentary film Gaza Surf Club examines the economic impact of the surfing industry in Hawaii."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
The stars in the night sky make a yearly

Choices:
D. restructuring
O. donation
Q. resolve
A. revolution

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The stars in the night sky make a yearly\n\nChoices:\nD. restructuring\nO. donation\nQ. resolve\nA. revolution"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What is an example of weathering occurring over several years?

Choices:
S. wood becoming rotten over time
D. a cabin being shut down for the season
E. a stone becoming smoother
A. a tree becoming taller

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an example of weathering occurring over several years?\n\nChoices:\nS. wood becoming rotten over time\nD. a cabin being shut down for the season\nE. a stone becoming smoother\nA. a tree becoming taller"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
When going in the basement, it's better to have a laser than a

Choices:
F. TV
K. radio
A. flashlight
J. light bulb

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "When going in the basement, it's better to have a laser than a\n\nChoices:\nF. TV\nK. radio\nA. flashlight\nJ. light bulb"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
An example of conservation would be

Choices:
O. burying
S. going green
A. burning
T. sinking

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of conservation would be\n\nChoices:\nO. burying\nS. going green\nA. burning\nT. sinking"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What is an organic compound that is the primary component of natural gas?

Choices:
E. magnesium
H. sulfur
M. ethanol
B. methane

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an organic compound that is the primary component of natural gas?\n\nChoices:\nE. magnesium\nH. sulfur\nM. ethanol\nB. methane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Methane is an organic compound that is the primary component of natural gas. Its structure consists of a central carbon atom with four single bonds to hydrogen atoms (see Figure below ). In order to maximize their distance from one another, the four groups of bonding electrons do not lie in the same plane. Instead, each of the hydrogen atoms lies at the corners of a geometrical shape called a tetrahedron. The carbon atom is at the center of the tetrahedron. Each face of a tetrahedron is an equil"}


Prompt:
Where would you find the most sunlight?

Choices:
Q. Norway
S. England
A. Sweden
K. Morocco

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where would you find the most sunlight?\n\nChoices:\nQ. Norway\nS. England\nA. Sweden\nK. Morocco"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What term is used to descibe the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration?

Choices:
S. convection
B. diffusion
G. radiation
P. permeation

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to descibe the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration?\n\nChoices:\nS. convection\nB. diffusion\nG. radiation\nP. permeation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. For cell transport, diffusion is the movement of small molecules across the cell membrane. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient . The kinetic energy of the molecules results in random motion, causing diffusion. In simple diffusion, this process proceeds without the aid of a transport protein. it is"}


Prompt:
What term is defined as the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived during earlier ages?

Choices:
T. taxidermy
M. fossils
D. deposits
N. archaeology

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is defined as the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived during earlier ages?\n\nChoices:\nT. taxidermy\nM. fossils\nD. deposits\nN. archaeology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived during earlier ages. Remains that become fossils are generally the hard parts of organisms—mainly bones, teeth, or shells. Traces include any evidence of life, such as footprints like the dinosaur footprint in Figure below . Fossils are like a window into the past. They provide direct evidence of what life was like long ago. A scientist who studies fossils to learn about the evolution of living things is called a paleontologist "}


Prompt:
Surface waters are heated by the radiation from?

Choices:
M. decomposition
B. gamma rays
L. the moon
C. the sun

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Surface waters are heated by the radiation from?\n\nChoices:\nM. decomposition\nB. gamma rays\nL. the moon\nC. the sun"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Shedding of dead cells ensures constant renewal of what outer layer of the skin?

Choices:
O. cuticle
G. dermis
S. scale
L. epidermis

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Shedding of dead cells ensures constant renewal of what outer layer of the skin?\n\nChoices:\nO. cuticle\nG. dermis\nS. scale\nL. epidermis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The skin consists of two distinct layers, an outer layer called the epidermis and an inner layer called the dermis. The epidermis is constantly being renewed as dead cells on the surface are shed. This layer contains melanin-producing melanocytes. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands."}


Prompt:
What measure is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level?

Choices:
C. biomass
P. detritus
J. atomic mass
G. phosphorus

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What measure is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level?\n\nChoices:\nC. biomass\nP. detritus\nJ. atomic mass\nG. phosphorus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Biomass is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level. With less energy at higher trophic levels, there are usually fewer organisms as well. This is also represented in the pyramid in Figure above . Organisms tend to be larger in size at higher trophic levels. However, their smaller numbers result in less biomass."}


Prompt:
A mark of adulthood common in most species is

Choices:
R. death
B. fighting
I. reproduction
C. paying bills

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "A mark of adulthood common in most species is\n\nChoices:\nR. death\nB. fighting\nI. reproduction\nC. paying bills"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
Context:
Water, electricity, rickshaw, vegetable and textbook have something in common. They have all
been used by you, so they have utility. Utility or usability is what makes an object or substance a
resource. Value means worth. Some resources have economic value, some do not. For
example, metals may have an economic value, a beautiful landscape may not. But both are
important and satisfy human needs. Some resources can become economically valuable with
time. Your grandmother's home remedies have no commercial value today. But if they are
patented and sold by a medical firm tomorrow, they could become economically valuable. Time
and technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources. Both are
related to the needs of the people. People themselves are the most important resource. It is
their ideas, knowledge, inventions and discoveries that lead to the creation of more resources.
Each discovery or invention leads to many others. The discovery of fire led to the practice of
cooking and other processes while the invention of the wheel ultimately resulted in development
of newer modes of transport. The technology to create hydroelectricity has turned energy in fast
flowing water into an important resource. Types of Resources Resources are generally
classified into natural, human made and human. Natural Resources Resources that are drawn
from Nature and used without much modification are called natural resources. The air we
breathe, the water in our rivers and lakes, the soils, minerals are all natural resources. Many of
these resources are free gifts of nature and can be used directly. In some cases tools and
technology may be needed to use a natural resource in the best possible way. Natural
resources can be broadly categorised into renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable
resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly. Some of these are unlimited and
are not affected by human activities, such as solar and wind energy. Yet careless use of certain
renewable resources like water, soil and forest can affect their stock. Water seems to be an
unlimited renewable resource. But shortage and drying up of natural water sources is a major
problem in many parts of the world today. Non-renewable resources are those which have a
limited stock. Once the stocks are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed or
replenished. Since this period is much more than human life spans, such resources are
considered non-renewable. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are some examples. The
distribution of natural resources depends upon number of physical factors like terrain, climate
and altitude. The distribution of resources is unequal because these factors differ so much over
the earth. Human Made Resources Sometimes, natural substances become resources only
when their original form has been changed. Iron ore was not a resource until people learnt to
extract iron from it. People use natural resources to make buildings, brid

Question:
Coffee and tea are examples of:

Choices:
L. Commercial grain crops
E. Fibre crops
F. Food crops
S. Beverage crops

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nWater, electricity, rickshaw, vegetable and textbook have something in common. They have all\nbeen used by you, so they have utility. Utility or usability is what makes an object or substance a\nresource. Value means worth. Some resources have economic value, some do not. For\nexample, metals may have an economic value, a beautiful landscape may not. But both are\nimportant and satisfy human needs. Some resources can become economically valuable with\ntime. Your grandmother's home remedies have no commercial value today. But if they are\npatented and sold by a medical firm tomorrow, they could become economically valuable. Time\nand technology are two important factors that can change substances into resources. Both are\nrelated to the needs of the people. People themselves are the most important resource. It is\ntheir ideas, knowledge, inventions and discoveries that lead to the creation of more resources.\nEach discovery or invention leads to many others. The discovery of fire led to the practice of\ncooking and other processes while the invention of the wheel ultimately resulted in development\nof newer modes of transport. The technology to create hydroelectricity has turned energy in fast\nflowing water into an important resource. Types of Resources Resources are generally\nclassified into natural, human made and human. Natural Resources Resources that are drawn\nfrom Nature and used without much modification are called natural resources. The air we\nbreathe, the water in our rivers and lakes, the soils, minerals are all natural resources. Many of\nthese resources are free gifts of nature and can be used directly. In some cases tools and\ntechnology may be needed to use a natural resource in the best possible way. Natural\nresources can be broadly categorised into renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable\nresources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly. Some of these are unlimited and\nare not affected by human activities, such as solar and wind energy. Yet careless use of certain\nrenewable resources like water, soil and forest can affect their stock. Water seems to be an\nunlimited renewable resource. But shortage and drying up of natural water sources is a major\nproblem in many parts of the world today. Non-renewable resources are those which have a\nlimited stock. Once the stocks are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed or\nreplenished. Since this period is much more than human life spans, such resources are\nconsidered non-renewable. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are some examples. The\ndistribution of natural resources depends upon number of physical factors like terrain, climate\nand altitude. The distribution of resources is unequal because these factors differ so much over\nthe earth. Human Made Resources Sometimes, natural substances become resources only\nwhen their original form has been changed. Iron ore was not a resource until people learnt to\nextract iron from it. People use natural resources to make buildings, brid\n\nQuestion:\nCoffee and tea are examples of:\n\nChoices:\nL. Commercial grain crops\nE. Fibre crops\nF. Food crops\nS. Beverage crops"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What element is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms?

Choices:
L. nitrogen
N. helium
A. silicon
I. hydrogen

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What element is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms?\n\nChoices:\nL. nitrogen\nN. helium\nA. silicon\nI. hydrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Nitrogen is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms."}


Prompt:
What is the main theme of the EP "Black Reign" by Avenged Sevenfold?

Choices:
D. A collection of cover songs from various heavy metal bands released on September 21, 2018.
A. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Call of Duty: Black Ops series from 2011 to 2018.
H. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Mortal Kombat series from 2011 to 2018.
R. A collection of acoustic versions of their popular songs released on September 21, 2018.
Q. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Assassin's Creed series from 2011 to 2018.

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main theme of the EP \"Black Reign\" by Avenged Sevenfold?\n\nChoices:\nD. A collection of cover songs from various heavy metal bands released on September 21, 2018.\nA. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Call of Duty: Black Ops series from 2011 to 2018.\nH. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Mortal Kombat series from 2011 to 2018.\nR. A collection of acoustic versions of their popular songs released on September 21, 2018.\nQ. A compilation of all their original songs created for the Assassin's Creed series from 2011 to 2018."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Our bodies use what, primarily in the form of glucose, for our immediate energy needs - although they are not as energy dense or capable of long-term storage as lipids?

Choices:
S. enzymes
P. electrolytes
A. carbohydrates
E. proteins

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Our bodies use what, primarily in the form of glucose, for our immediate energy needs - although they are not as energy dense or capable of long-term storage as lipids?\n\nChoices:\nS. enzymes\nP. electrolytes\nA. carbohydrates\nE. proteins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Opening Essay On July 11, 2003, the Food and Drug Administration amended its food labeling regulations to require that manufacturers list the amount of trans fatty acids on Nutrition Facts labels of foods and dietary supplements, effective January 1, 2006. This amendment was a response to published studies demonstrating a link between the consumption of trans fatty acids and an increased risk of heart disease. Trans fatty acids are produced in the conversion of liquid oils to solid fats, as in t"}


Prompt:
What is the members of the clade vertebrata known as?

Choices:
L. grasses
H. vertebrates
T. invertebrates
S. lipids

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the members of the clade vertebrata known as?\n\nChoices:\nL. grasses\nH. vertebrates\nT. invertebrates\nS. lipids"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Vertebrates are members of the clade Vertebrata. Vertebrates display the four characteristic features of the chordates; however, members of this group also share derived characteristics that distinguish them from invertebrate chordates. Vertebrata is named for the vertebral column, composed of vertebrae, a series of separate bones joined together as a backbone (Figure 29.7). In adult vertebrates, the vertebral column replaces the notochord, which is only seen in the embryonic stage."}


Prompt:
Deer, rabbits and mice are an example of what link between producers and other consumers?

Choices:
P. carnivores
N. amphibians
H. herbivores
F. mammals

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Deer, rabbits and mice are an example of what link between producers and other consumers?\n\nChoices:\nP. carnivores\nN. amphibians\nH. herbivores\nF. mammals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Herbivores consume producers such as plants or algae. They are a necessary link between producers and other consumers. Examples include deer, rabbits, and mice."}


Prompt:
Where is the primary campus of Sandip Foundation located?

Choices:
O. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Nasik city.
L. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from its academic divisions.
K. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Trimbakeshawar.
A. In Trimbakeshawar, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Nasik city.
N. In Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Mahiravani.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is the primary campus of Sandip Foundation located?\n\nChoices:\nO. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Nasik city.\nL. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from its academic divisions.\nK. In Mahiravani, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Trimbakeshawar.\nA. In Trimbakeshawar, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Nasik city.\nN. In Nasik, Maharashtra, India, approximately 13 km from Mahiravani."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
In the first beaker, distilled water does not conduct a current because water is a what?

Choices:
B. solute
T. pure element
S. magnetic compound
C. molecular compound

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "In the first beaker, distilled water does not conduct a current because water is a what?\n\nChoices:\nB. solute\nT. pure element\nS. magnetic compound\nC. molecular compound"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "In the first beaker, distilled water does not conduct a current because water is a molecular compound. In the second beaker, solid sodium chloride also does not conduct a current. Despite being ionic and thus composed of charges particles, the solid crystal lattice does not allow the ions to move between the electrodes. Mobile charged particles are required for the circuit to be complete and the light bulb to light up. In the third beaker, the NaCl has been dissolved into the distilled water. No"}


Prompt:
Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off what?

Choices:
F. oxygen
H. chlorophyll
G. nitrogen
P. methane

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off what?\n\nChoices:\nF. oxygen\nH. chlorophyll\nG. nitrogen\nP. methane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Animals without teeth sometimes eat

Choices:
T. whales
H. seeds
A. bears
G. humans

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Animals without teeth sometimes eat\n\nChoices:\nT. whales\nH. seeds\nA. bears\nG. humans"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is what type of organs?

Choices:
F. respiratory
A. reproductive
G. digestive
S. nervous

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is what type of organs?\n\nChoices:\nF. respiratory\nA. reproductive\nG. digestive\nS. nervous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is their reproductive organs. However, even the reproductive organs start out the same in both sexes."}


Prompt:
What are the organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae.

Choices:
E. fibroblasts
G. ribosomes
F. mitochondria
H. chloroplasts

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae.\n\nChoices:\nE. fibroblasts\nG. ribosomes\nF. mitochondria\nH. chloroplasts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Chloroplasts are the organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae."}


Prompt:
Frogs are unable to give live birth, and their eggs are soft, unlike other eggs, in fact

Choices:
K. frog eggs are transparent
B. frog eggs are sour
A. frog eggs are yellow
H. frog eggs are hollow

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Frogs are unable to give live birth, and their eggs are soft, unlike other eggs, in fact\n\nChoices:\nK. frog eggs are transparent\nB. frog eggs are sour\nA. frog eggs are yellow\nH. frog eggs are hollow"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Increasing the pressure on a gas has what effect on its solubility?

Choices:
C. decrease
S. increase
D. slow
H. halt

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Increasing the pressure on a gas has what effect on its solubility?\n\nChoices:\nC. decrease\nS. increase\nD. slow\nH. halt"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "The solubility of gases is also affected by pressure. Pressure is the force pushing against a given area. Increasing the pressure on a gas increases its solubility. Did you ever open a can of soda and notice how it fizzes out of the can? Soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide. Opening the can reduces the pressure on the gas in solution, so it is less soluble. As a result, some of the carbon dioxide comes out of solution and rushes into the air."}


Prompt:
In genetics, what does it mean when the amount is longer since the amount of time since a species diverged?

Choices:
H. Less difference in DNA
I. greater making in dna
G. tilt differences in dna
A. greater differences in dna

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "In genetics, what does it mean when the amount is longer since the amount of time since a species diverged?\n\nChoices:\nH. Less difference in DNA\nI. greater making in dna\nG. tilt differences in dna\nA. greater differences in dna"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Scientists can compare the DNA or proteins of different species. If the molecules are similar, this shows that the species are related. The more similar the molecules are, the closer the relationship is likely to be. When molecules are used in this way, they are called molecular clocks . This method assumes that random mutations occur at a constant rate for a given protein or segment of DNA. Over time, the mutations add up. The longer the amount of time since species diverged, the more differenc"}


Prompt:
Visible light is part of what spectrum?

Choices:
L. mechanical spectrum
I. electromagnetic spectrum
J. eclipse spectrum
M. molecular spectrum

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Visible light is part of what spectrum?\n\nChoices:\nL. mechanical spectrum\nI. electromagnetic spectrum\nJ. eclipse spectrum\nM. molecular spectrum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum."}


Prompt:
What type of fossils are useful for determining the ages of rock layers?

Choices:
R. index fossils
J. trace fossils
H. mold fossils
Q. cast fossils

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of fossils are useful for determining the ages of rock layers?\n\nChoices:\nR. index fossils\nJ. trace fossils\nH. mold fossils\nQ. cast fossils"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Fossils are the best form of evidence about the history of life on Earth. Fossils also give us clues about major geological events and past climates. Index fossils are useful for determining the ages of rock layers."}


Prompt:
John dalton thought that what unit, which means "indivisible", could not be divided into smaller, simpler particles?

Choices:
T. atom
K. nucleus
F. electron
O. neutron

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "John dalton thought that what unit, which means \"indivisible\", could not be divided into smaller, simpler particles?\n\nChoices:\nT. atom\nK. nucleus\nF. electron\nO. neutron"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Scientists have long wanted to find the most basic building blocks of the universe. They asked, \"what are the fundamental particles of matter that cannot be subdivided into smaller, simpler particles,\" and \"what holds these particles together?\" The quest for fundamental particles began thousands of years ago. Scientists thought they had finally found them when John Dalton discovered the atom in 1803 (see the timeline in Table below ). The word atom means \"indivisible,\" and Dalton thought that th"}


Prompt:
The ocean is the largest marine biome. it is a continuous body of salt water that is relatively uniform in chemical composition; it is a weak solution of mineral salts and decayed what?

Choices:
K. metal ores
B. biological matter
L. uranium atoms
O. rock shards

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "The ocean is the largest marine biome. it is a continuous body of salt water that is relatively uniform in chemical composition; it is a weak solution of mineral salts and decayed what?\n\nChoices:\nK. metal ores\nB. biological matter\nL. uranium atoms\nO. rock shards"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Marine Biomes The ocean is the largest marine biome. It is a continuous body of salt water that is relatively uniform in chemical composition; it is a weak solution of mineral salts and decayed biological matter. Within the ocean, coral reefs are a second kind of marine biome. Estuaries, coastal areas where salt water and fresh water mix, form a third unique marine biome. Ocean The physical diversity of the ocean is a significant influence on plants, animals, and other organisms. The ocean is ca"}


Prompt:
Rubber is what kind of solid?

Choices:
N. inorganic
T. porous
O. amorphous
D. aqueous

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Rubber is what kind of solid?\n\nChoices:\nN. inorganic\nT. porous\nO. amorphous\nD. aqueous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "When a tire goes flat, its shape changes. The tire might be flat because of a slow leak in the tire valve. It could be flat because it ran over a nail or screw and ended up with a small hole where the air can leak out over a period of time. Or it could go flat when it hits a large rock or other object while travelling at high speeds (this one is for those readers who enjoy detective movies or TV shows). What if a crystalline solid like LiBr were ever made into a tire (now there's a weird idea)? "}


Prompt:
In a bowl of water with the sun shining on it, what happens to the water after four hours?

Choices:
P. there is less water
K. the water is growing algae
S. the water is dirty
E. there is more water

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "In a bowl of water with the sun shining on it, what happens to the water after four hours?\n\nChoices:\nP. there is less water\nK. the water is growing algae\nS. the water is dirty\nE. there is more water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What kind of mixture consists of two or more phases, exemplified when a combination of oil and water forms layers?

Choices:
E. heterogeneous
L. complex miture
A. simple mixture
M. homogeneous

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of mixture consists of two or more phases, exemplified when a combination of oil and water forms layers?\n\nChoices:\nE. heterogeneous\nL. complex miture\nA. simple mixture\nM. homogeneous"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "A phase is any part of a sample that has a uniform composition and properties. By definition, a pure substance or a homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase. A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases. When oil and water are combined, they do not mix evenly, but instead form two separate layers. Each of the layers is called a phase."}


Prompt:
The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what?

Choices:
E. sexual reproduction
L. aerobic respiration
C. magnetism
T. cell division

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what?\n\nChoices:\nE. sexual reproduction\nL. aerobic respiration\nC. magnetism\nT. cell division"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The structure of a mitochondrion is defined by an inner and outer membrane. This structure plays an important role in aerobic respiration."}


Prompt:
The great astronomer edwin hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our milky way galaxy with velocities proportional to their what?

Choices:
S. distances
I. dimensions
L. masses
H. paths

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "The great astronomer edwin hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our milky way galaxy with velocities proportional to their what?\n\nChoices:\nS. distances\nI. dimensions\nL. masses\nH. paths"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "(a) A jet airplane flying from Darwin, Australia, has an air speed of 260 m/s in a direction 5.0º south of west. It is in the jet stream, which is blowing at 35.0 m/s in a direction 15º south of east. What is the velocity of the airplane relative to the Earth? (b) Discuss whether your answers are consistent with your expectations for the effect of the wind on the plane's path. (a) In what direction would the ship in Exercise 3.57 have to travel in order to have a velocity straight north relative"}


Prompt:
Each f atom has one bonding pair and three lone pairs of what?

Choices:
F. protons
N. ions
M. electrons
C. megatrons

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Each f atom has one bonding pair and three lone pairs of what?\n\nChoices:\nF. protons\nN. ions\nM. electrons\nC. megatrons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "There are two different types of electrons in the fluorine diatomic molecule. The bonding electron pair makes the covalent bond. Each F atom has three other pairs of electrons that do not participate in the bonding; they are called lone electron pairs. Each F atom has one bonding pair and three lone pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds can be made between different elements as well. One example is HF. Each atom starts out with an odd number of electrons in its valence shell:."}


Prompt:
How do basal mammals like monotreme reproduce?

Choices:
T. live birth
H. by laying eggs
D. cloning
Q. budding

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "How do basal mammals like monotreme reproduce?\n\nChoices:\nT. live birth\nH. by laying eggs\nD. cloning\nQ. budding"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Monotremes reproduce by laying eggs. They have a cloaca instead of a uterus and vagina. The eggs pass through the opening of the cloaca. This form of reproduction is the least risky for the mother. However, eggs are harder to protect than is an embryo or a fetus in a pouch or uterus. Therefore, monotreme offspring may have a lower chance of surviving than the offspring of therian mammals."}


Prompt:
What structure is made from dna and protein molecules coiled together?

Choices:
J. chromosome
G. bacterium
D. atoms
S. enzymes

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What structure is made from dna and protein molecules coiled together?\n\nChoices:\nJ. chromosome\nG. bacterium\nD. atoms\nS. enzymes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA first forms one or more structures called chromosomes. A chromosome consists of DNA and protein molecules coiled into a definite shape. Chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes and rodlike in eukaryotes. You can see an example of a human chromosome in Figure below . The rest of the time, DNA looks like a tangled mass of strings. In this form, it would be very difficult to copy and divide."}


Prompt:
As they are immobile, what is an example of how animal life helps the reproduction cycle of plants?

Choices:
I. bugs eating leaves
K. squirrels dropping seeds
E. human lumber industry
T. birds building nests

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "As they are immobile, what is an example of how animal life helps the reproduction cycle of plants?\n\nChoices:\nI. bugs eating leaves\nK. squirrels dropping seeds\nE. human lumber industry\nT. birds building nests"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Inflammatory molecules are released by mast cells in type I hypersensitivities; type II hypersensitivities, however, are characterized by which of the following?

Choices:
R. leukotriene release upon stimulation
E. localized tissue reactions, such as hives
J. cell lysis (cytotoxicity)
G. strong antibody reactions against antigens

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Inflammatory molecules are released by mast cells in type I hypersensitivities; type II hypersensitivities, however, are characterized by which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nR. leukotriene release upon stimulation\nE. localized tissue reactions, such as hives\nJ. cell lysis (cytotoxicity)\nG. strong antibody reactions against antigens"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2069, "id": 2069, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
If more pollution is released into the air, what happens to the planet's temperature?

Choices:
S. it climbs
F. it becomes stabile
H. it falls
O. it becomes volatile

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "If more pollution is released into the air, what happens to the planet's temperature?\n\nChoices:\nS. it climbs\nF. it becomes stabile\nH. it falls\nO. it becomes volatile"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Behaviors are responses to stimuli. they can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by this?

Choices:
K. environmental changes
D. inheritance
P. spontaneous mutation
F. osmosis

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Behaviors are responses to stimuli. they can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by this?\n\nChoices:\nK. environmental changes\nD. inheritance\nP. spontaneous mutation\nF. osmosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "45.7 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Behaviors are responses to stimuli. They can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by environmental changes. Instinctual behaviors include mating systems and methods of communication. Learned behaviors include imprinting and habituation, conditioning, and, most powerfully, cognitive learning. Although the connection between behavior, genetic"}


Prompt:
Where can you find the Atractus caxiuana snake?

Choices:
H. Canada and Mexico
P. Brazil and Colombia
T. Australia and New Zealand
F. India and China

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where can you find the Atractus caxiuana snake?\n\nChoices:\nH. Canada and Mexico\nP. Brazil and Colombia\nT. Australia and New Zealand\nF. India and China"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"id": 72394814, "title": "Atractus caxiuana", "grade_level": "grade 3 to 5", "question_index": 1}


Prompt:
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin in the body?

Choices:
C. intestines
Q. mouth
K. throat
F. stomach

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where does carbohydrate digestion begin in the body?\n\nChoices:\nC. intestines\nQ. mouth\nK. throat\nF. stomach"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Digestion of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth (Figure 20.5 \"The Principal Events and Sites of Carbohydrate Digestion\"), where salivary α-amylase attacks the α-glycosidic linkages in starch, the main carbohydrate ingested by humans. Cleavage of the glycosidic linkages produces a mixture of dextrins, maltose, and glucose. (For more information about carbohydrates, see Chapter 16 \"Carbohydrates\". ) The α-amylase mixed into the food remains active as the food passes through t"}


Prompt:
Cross-pollination—or out-crossing—leads to greater genetic diversity because the microgametophyte and megagametophyte are derived from what?

Choices:
T. the same species
R. dead plants
K. the same plant
C. different plants

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Cross-pollination—or out-crossing—leads to greater genetic diversity because the microgametophyte and megagametophyte are derived from what?\n\nChoices:\nT. the same species\nR. dead plants\nK. the same plant\nC. different plants"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Explore this interactive website (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/pollination) to review self-pollination and crosspollination. Living species are designed to ensure survival of their progeny; those that fail become extinct. Genetic diversity is therefore required so that in changing environmental or stress conditions, some of the progeny can survive. Self-pollination leads to the production of plants with less genetic diversity, since genetic material from the same plant is used to form gametes, "}


Prompt:
During what part of a person's development are they generally at their physical peak?

Choices:
O. senility
J. infancy
L. early adulthood
C. late adulthood

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "During what part of a person's development are they generally at their physical peak?\n\nChoices:\nO. senility\nJ. infancy\nL. early adulthood\nC. late adulthood"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Early adulthood starts at age 18 or 21. It continues until the mid-30s. During early adulthood, people are at their physical peak. They are also usually in good health. The ability to have children is greatest during early adulthood, as well. This is the stage of life when most people complete their education. They are likely to begin a career or take a full-time job. Many people also marry and start a family during early adulthood."}


Prompt:
What property of materials describes the ease in which they can be molded into thin sheets?

Choices:
C. permeability
O. malleability
J. plasticity
M. rigidity

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What property of materials describes the ease in which they can be molded into thin sheets?\n\nChoices:\nC. permeability\nO. malleability\nJ. plasticity\nM. rigidity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Silver is a shiny metal that conducts electricity very well. It can be molded into thin sheets, a property called malleability. Salt is dull and brittle and conducts electricity when it has been dissolved into water, which it does quite easily. Physical properties of matter include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melt"}


Prompt:
What organ has four major regions: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the stem, and the cerebellum?

Choices:
H. lungs
M. brain
G. liver
A. heart

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What organ has four major regions: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the stem, and the cerebellum?\n\nChoices:\nH. lungs\nM. brain\nG. liver\nA. heart"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "13.2 | The Central Nervous System By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Name the major regions of the adult brain • Describe the connections between the cerebrum and brain stem through the diencephalon, and from those regions into the spinal cord • Recognize the complex connections within the subcortical structures of the basal nuclei • Explain the arrangement of gray and white matter in the spinal cord The brain and the spinal cord are the central nervous system, and they represent"}


Prompt:
What liquid is referred to as the "universal solvent"?

Choices:
N. blood
H. gasoline
L. water
C. bromine

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What liquid is referred to as the \"universal solvent\"?\n\nChoices:\nN. blood\nH. gasoline\nL. water\nC. bromine"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Not only salt, but many other solutes can dissolve in water. In fact, so many solutes can dissolve in water that water has been called the universal solvent. Even rocks can dissolve in water, which explains the cave that opened this article. A solute that can dissolve in a given solvent, such as water, is said to be soluble in that solvent. Conversely, a solute that cannot dissolve in a given solvent is said to be insoluble in that solvent."}