Prompt:
Ice can fall down as

Choices:
F. sleet and hail
B. glaciers
A. ice cubes
K. rain

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ice can fall down as\n\nChoices:\nF. sleet and hail\nB. glaciers\nA. ice cubes\nK. rain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What is the name of specialized organs that filter the lymph by percolation through a maze of connective tissue filled with white blood cells?

Choices:
L. cochlea
E. edema glands
T. alveoli
P. lymph nodes

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of specialized organs that filter the lymph by percolation through a maze of connective tissue filled with white blood cells?\n\nChoices:\nL. cochlea\nE. edema glands\nT. alveoli\nP. lymph nodes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "eventually diffuses back into the capillaries near the venules. The remaining 15% of blood plasma drains out from the interstitial fluid into nearby lymphatic vessels (Figure 40.18). The fluid in the lymph is similar in composition to the interstitial fluid. The lymph fluid passes through lymph nodes before it returns to the heart via the vena cava. Lymph nodes are specialized organs that filter the lymph by percolation through a maze of connective tissue filled with white blood cells. The white"}


Prompt:
What kind of interference characteristics does matter have compared to any wave?

Choices:
P. when
H. one
S. same
K. DIfferent

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of interference characteristics does matter have compared to any wave?\n\nChoices:\nP. when\nH. one\nS. same\nK. DIfferent"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "29.7 Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle • Matter is found to have the same interference characteristics as any other wave. • There is now a probability distribution for the location of a particle rather than a definite position. • Another consequence of the wave character of all particles is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which limits the precision with which certain physical quantities can be known simultaneously. For position and momentum, the uncertainty principle is."}


Prompt:
Which person or group was most responsible for the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Choices:
O. northern voters
G. President Johnson
L. southern voters
A. Radical Republicans in Congress

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which person or group was most responsible for the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment?\n\nChoices:\nO. northern voters\nG. President Johnson\nL. southern voters\nA. Radical Republicans in Congress"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2948, "id": 2948, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is caused by the reaction of nonmetal oxides with water in the atmosphere?

Choices:
P. ozone rain
B. acid rain
I. carbon rain
F. yellow rain

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is caused by the reaction of nonmetal oxides with water in the atmosphere?\n\nChoices:\nP. ozone rain\nB. acid rain\nI. carbon rain\nF. yellow rain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Acid rain is caused by the reaction of nonmetal oxides with water in the atmosphere. One such reaction involves nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and produces nitric acid (HNO3): 3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO If 1.82 × 1013 g of NO2 enter the atmosphere every year due to human activities, potentially how many grams of HNO3 can be produced annually?."}


Prompt:
If someone hears a crunching sound while walking under a tree, which of these likely happened?

Choices:
R. dead leaves fell down
T. a duck started quacking
M. a dog was barking
D. a mouse ran away

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "If someone hears a crunching sound while walking under a tree, which of these likely happened?\n\nChoices:\nR. dead leaves fell down\nT. a duck started quacking\nM. a dog was barking\nD. a mouse ran away"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What has the least amount of energy in an atom?

Choices:
G. crystals
Q. rings
A. protons
N. electrons

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What has the least amount of energy in an atom?\n\nChoices:\nG. crystals\nQ. rings\nA. protons\nN. electrons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The model in the Figure below shows the first four energy levels of an atom. Electrons in energy level I (also called energy level K) have the least amount of energy. As you go farther from the nucleus, electrons at higher levels have more energy, and their energy increases by a fixed, discrete amount. Electrons can jump from a lower to the next higher energy level if they absorb this amount of energy. Conversely, if electrons jump from a higher to a lower energy level, they give off energy, oft"}


Prompt:
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?

Choices:
L. inhibin
P. relaxin
M. progesterone
O. estrogens

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?\n\nChoices:\nL. inhibin\nP. relaxin\nM. progesterone\nO. estrogens"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 382, "id": 382, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What is most necessary for a bitcoin operation

Choices:
D. metal
S. plastic
J. abacus
R. wood

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is most necessary for a bitcoin operation\n\nChoices:\nD. metal\nS. plastic\nJ. abacus\nR. wood"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
Which trait of particles causes even cold objects to have some thermal energy?

Choices:
B. momentum
T. constant random motion
I. kinetic energy
C. equilibrium

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which trait of particles causes even cold objects to have some thermal energy?\n\nChoices:\nB. momentum\nT. constant random motion\nI. kinetic energy\nC. equilibrium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Scientists think that multicellularity arose from cooperation between many organisms of the same species. The Colonial Theory proposes that this cooperation led to the development of a multicellular organism. Many examples of cooperation between organisms in nature have been observed. For example, a certain species of amoeba (a single-celled protist) groups together during times of food shortage and forms a colony that moves as one to a new location. Some of these amoebas then become slightly di"}


Prompt:
A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond between different atoms that attract the shared electrons by different amounts and cause an imbalance of what ?

Choices:
F. neutron distribution
O. electron distribution
K. ions distribution
B. proton distribution

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond between different atoms that attract the shared electrons by different amounts and cause an imbalance of what ?\n\nChoices:\nF. neutron distribution\nO. electron distribution\nK. ions distribution\nB. proton distribution"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "EXAMPLE 13 Describe the bonding in the nitrite ion in terms of a combination of hybrid atomic orbitals and molecular orbitals. Lewis dot structures and the VSEPR model predict that the NO2− ion is bent. Given: chemical species and molecular geometry Asked for: bonding description using hybrid atomic orbitals and molecular orbitals Strategy: A Calculate the number of valence electrons in NO2−. From the structure, predict the type of atomic orbital hybridization in the ion. B Predict the number an"}


Prompt:
What is the term for reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg?

Choices:
R. gametes
J. nucleus
Q. spores
A. parasites

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg?\n\nChoices:\nR. gametes\nJ. nucleus\nQ. spores\nA. parasites"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Sexual reproduction combines gametes from two parents. Gametes are reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg. As gametes are produced, the number of chromosomes must be reduced by half. Why? The zygote must contain genetic information from the mother and from the father, so the gametes must contain half of the chromosomes found in normal body cells. When two gametes come together at fertilization, the normal amount of chromosomes results. Gametes are produced by a special type of cell division k"}


Prompt:
What is William Holland Caudill known for in Major League Baseball (MLB)?

Choices:
B. William Holland Caudill was known for his exceptional hitting skills.
C. William Holland Caudill was known for his outstanding fielding abilities.
O. William Holland Caudill was known for his exceptional base running speed.
T. William Holland Caudill was known for being one of the top closers in MLB from 1982 to 1985.
I. William Holland Caudill was known for his long and successful managerial career.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is William Holland Caudill known for in Major League Baseball (MLB)?\n\nChoices:\nB. William Holland Caudill was known for his exceptional hitting skills.\nC. William Holland Caudill was known for his outstanding fielding abilities.\nO. William Holland Caudill was known for his exceptional base running speed.\nT. William Holland Caudill was known for being one of the top closers in MLB from 1982 to 1985.\nI. William Holland Caudill was known for his long and successful managerial career."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What 'counting' instrument is used to measure radioactivity?

Choices:
H. geiger counter
Q. pryor counter
M. Liquid Counter
L. ellie counter

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What 'counting' instrument is used to measure radioactivity?\n\nChoices:\nH. geiger counter\nQ. pryor counter\nM. Liquid Counter\nL. ellie counter"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "prepared. A student measures the radioactivity of this source with a Geiger counter and observes 1500 counts per minute. She notices that the source was prepared 120 days before her lab. What fraction of the decays is she observing with her apparatus? (b) Identify some of the reasons that only a fraction of the α s emitted are observed by the detector. Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores are fired by aircraft at tanks. (The high density of the uranium makes them effective. ) The ur"}


Prompt:
Without olfactory sensation to complement gustatory stimuli, food will taste bland unless it is seasoned with which substance?

Choices:
D. garlic
G. thyme
L. salt
S. olive oil

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Without olfactory sensation to complement gustatory stimuli, food will taste bland unless it is seasoned with which substance?\n\nChoices:\nD. garlic\nG. thyme\nL. salt\nS. olive oil"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 119, "id": 119, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The alimentary canal is associated with what organ system?

Choices:
T. cardiovascular
I. respiratory
S. nervous
J. digestive

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "The alimentary canal is associated with what organ system?\n\nChoices:\nT. cardiovascular\nI. respiratory\nS. nervous\nJ. digestive"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Neural Controls The walls of the alimentary canal contain a variety of sensors that help regulate digestive functions. These include mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and osmoreceptors, which are capable of detecting mechanical, chemical, and osmotic stimuli, respectively. For example, these receptors can sense when the presence of food has caused the stomach to expand, whether food particles have been sufficiently broken down, how much liquid is present, and the type of nutrients in the food (l"}


Prompt:
Ligers are less likely to thrive when there is

Choices:
K. abundant food
I. readily available prey
C. massive antelope herds
R. famine

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ligers are less likely to thrive when there is\n\nChoices:\nK. abundant food\nI. readily available prey\nC. massive antelope herds\nR. famine"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What is the visible surface of the sun called?

Choices:
G. stratosphere
A. photosphere
T. chronosphere
O. ionosphere

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the visible surface of the sun called?\n\nChoices:\nG. stratosphere\nA. photosphere\nT. chronosphere\nO. ionosphere"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun ( Figure below ). It's the part that we see shining. Surprisingly, the photosphere is also one of the coolest layers of the Sun. It is only about 6,000°C."}


Prompt:
Taking shorter hot showers

Choices:
T. will aid in preserving the water supply
F. will aid in consumption of the water supply
D. will overwork the water heater
R. will increase water usage

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Taking shorter hot showers\n\nChoices:\nT. will aid in preserving the water supply\nF. will aid in consumption of the water supply\nD. will overwork the water heater\nR. will increase water usage"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent waves?

Choices:
B. tessellation
A. osscilation
E. wavelength
H. bandwidth

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent waves?\n\nChoices:\nB. tessellation\nA. osscilation\nE. wavelength\nH. bandwidth"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "A wave cycle consists of one complete wave – starting at the zero point, going up to a wave crest , going back down to a wave trough , and back to the zero point again. The wavelength of a wave is the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent waves. It is easiest to visualize the wavelength of a wave as the distance from one wave crest to the next. In an equation, wavelength is represented by the Greek letter lambda . Depending on the type of wave, wavelength can be measured in m"}


Prompt:
The calvin cycle and light reactions are the two stages of what process?

Choices:
K. condensation
N. cell growth
C. photosynthesis
I. evaporation

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "The calvin cycle and light reactions are the two stages of what process?\n\nChoices:\nK. condensation\nN. cell growth\nC. photosynthesis\nI. evaporation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Photosynthesis occurs in two stages, called the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Figure below sums up what happens in these two stages. Both stages are described below."}


Prompt:
When you get farther from water, the water vapor in the air will ______.

Choices:
S. form clouds
B. decrease
H. increase
O. condense

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "When you get farther from water, the water vapor in the air will ______.\n\nChoices:\nS. form clouds\nB. decrease\nH. increase\nO. condense"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is Brandon Mashinter's current employment status?

Choices:
B. He is currently working as a hockey analyst for a sports network.
T. He is currently coaching a junior ice hockey team.
J. He is currently a free agent.
L. He is currently playing for the Chicago Blackhawks.
O. He is currently a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Brandon Mashinter's current employment status?\n\nChoices:\nB. He is currently working as a hockey analyst for a sports network.\nT. He is currently coaching a junior ice hockey team.\nJ. He is currently a free agent.\nL. He is currently playing for the Chicago Blackhawks.\nO. He is currently a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What could be used as an electrical conductor

Choices:
L. Wood
A. A penny
K. A button
S. Shoe laces

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What could be used as an electrical conductor\n\nChoices:\nL. Wood\nA. A penny\nK. A button\nS. Shoe laces"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
if your shoe changes form at a certain heat level, what can that be described as?

Choices:
N. the melting range of that item
A. the visual design of the shoe
F. none of these
R. the liquid content of the shoe

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "if your shoe changes form at a certain heat level, what can that be described as?\n\nChoices:\nN. the melting range of that item\nA. the visual design of the shoe\nF. none of these\nR. the liquid content of the shoe"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the distribution range of the Indian tent turtle?

Choices:
A. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.
L. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Pakistan, and Myanmar.
R. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, China, and Malaysia.
T. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Australia, and Vietnam.
F. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the distribution range of the Indian tent turtle?\n\nChoices:\nA. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.\nL. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Pakistan, and Myanmar.\nR. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, China, and Malaysia.\nT. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Australia, and Vietnam.\nF. The Indian tent turtle is found in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
Which biological system is responsible for getting rid of chemical waste and water?

Choices:
D. digestive system
N. endocrine system
E. urinary system
M. mucous system

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which biological system is responsible for getting rid of chemical waste and water?\n\nChoices:\nD. digestive system\nN. endocrine system\nE. urinary system\nM. mucous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
What is the opposite property of solubility?

Choices:
K. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution due to the lack of solute-solvent compatibility.
F. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution due to the absence of a solvent.
O. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution even in the presence of a suitable solvent.
N. The opposite property of solubility is the ability of the solute to form a solution with another substance, the solvent.
B. The opposite property of solubility is the ability of the solute to form a solution regardless of the presence or absence of a solvent.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the opposite property of solubility?\n\nChoices:\nK. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution due to the lack of solute-solvent compatibility.\nF. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution due to the absence of a solvent.\nO. The opposite property of solubility is the inability of the solute to form a solution even in the presence of a suitable solvent.\nN. The opposite property of solubility is the ability of the solute to form a solution with another substance, the solvent.\nB. The opposite property of solubility is the ability of the solute to form a solution regardless of the presence or absence of a solvent."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What is an example of a predator-prey relationship that helps maintain the balance of organisms in ecosystems?

Choices:
P. lion and zebra
L. zebra and elephant
K. zebra and air
E. lion and grass

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an example of a predator-prey relationship that helps maintain the balance of organisms in ecosystems?\n\nChoices:\nP. lion and zebra\nL. zebra and elephant\nK. zebra and air\nE. lion and grass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Predation is another mechanism in which species interact with each other. Predation is when a predator organism feeds on another living organism or organisms, known as prey . The predator always lowers the prey's fitness . It does this by keeping the prey from surviving, reproducing, or both. Predator-prey relationships are essential to maintaining the balance of organisms in an ecosystem. Examples of predator-prey relationships include the lion and zebra, the bear and fish, and the fox and rabb"}


Prompt:
Which decreases visibility while driving?

Choices:
J. adjusting side mirrors.
B. turning on headlights
M. spraying windshield fluid
T. opening the sunroof

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which decreases visibility while driving?\n\nChoices:\nJ. adjusting side mirrors.\nB. turning on headlights\nM. spraying windshield fluid\nT. opening the sunroof"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
How do some hydraenid adults communicate with each other?

Choices:
S. By producing high-pitched sounds using their wings, creating vibrations that can be heard by other beetles.
P. By using chemical signals contained within their feces, which they leave behind as markers for other beetles to detect.
B. By releasing flashes of light from specialized bioluminescent organs located on their bodies.
K. By emitting pheromones into the water, allowing them to attract mates or communicate territorial boundaries.
D. By engaging in complex dance-like movements, where they use their legs and antennae to communicate specific messages.

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "How do some hydraenid adults communicate with each other?\n\nChoices:\nS. By producing high-pitched sounds using their wings, creating vibrations that can be heard by other beetles.\nP. By using chemical signals contained within their feces, which they leave behind as markers for other beetles to detect.\nB. By releasing flashes of light from specialized bioluminescent organs located on their bodies.\nK. By emitting pheromones into the water, allowing them to attract mates or communicate territorial boundaries.\nD. By engaging in complex dance-like movements, where they use their legs and antennae to communicate specific messages."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Some areas are known for experiencing all four seasons, and winter is one of those seasons. During said season, one may partake in activities such as

Choices:
K. surfing
Q. leaf peeping
M. swimming
R. sledding

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Some areas are known for experiencing all four seasons, and winter is one of those seasons. During said season, one may partake in activities such as\n\nChoices:\nK. surfing\nQ. leaf peeping\nM. swimming\nR. sledding"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Silver chloride can be used as an antidote for which kind of poisoning?

Choices:
H. mercury
B. arsenic
P. carbon monoxide
N. the bends

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "Silver chloride can be used as an antidote for which kind of poisoning?\n\nChoices:\nH. mercury\nB. arsenic\nP. carbon monoxide\nN. the bends"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Silver chloride is an important compound that is commonly used in the production of photographic film. It also has many other uses, such as an antidote for mercury poisoning, a component of pottery glazes, and a reference standard for electrochemistry setups. It can be produced according to the reaction shown above. Now we will practice use of mole ratios and stoichiometry to determine the amounts of products and reactants necessary in our reaction."}


Prompt:
What do we call the mathematical field of study credited to french mathematician-philosopher rene descartes?

Choices:
F. Euclidean geometry
J. algebra
L. cartesian geometry
S. calculus

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call the mathematical field of study credited to french mathematician-philosopher rene descartes?\n\nChoices:\nF. Euclidean geometry\nJ. algebra\nL. cartesian geometry\nS. calculus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The plot that we know of as a graph was the brainchild of the French mathematician-philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650). His studies in mathematics led him to develop what was known as \"Cartesian geometry\", including the idea of our current graphs. The coordinates are often referred to as Cartesian coordinates."}


Prompt:
What do fungi lack which makes it impossible for them to use photosynthesis?

Choices:
M. sodium
I. chlorophyll
Q. ammonia
H. roots

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do fungi lack which makes it impossible for them to use photosynthesis?\n\nChoices:\nM. sodium\nI. chlorophyll\nQ. ammonia\nH. roots"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Fungi lack chlorophyll, so they cannot make food by photosynthesis as plants can. Instead, they are heterotrophs, like animals. But they don't have a mouth or teeth. So how do fungi \"eat\"? They get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from other organisms. The other organisms may be dead or alive, depending on the fungus."}


Prompt:
What is used to show energy flow through the trophic levels?

Choices:
L. biome graph
K. pyramid ecosystem
H. food pyramid
N. inverted food chain

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is used to show energy flow through the trophic levels?\n\nChoices:\nL. biome graph\nK. pyramid ecosystem\nH. food pyramid\nN. inverted food chain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Pyramid ecosystem modeling can also be used to show energy flow through the trophic levels. Notice that these numbers are the same as those used in the energy flow compartment diagram in Figure 46.8. Pyramids of energy are always upright, and an ecosystem without sufficient primary productivity cannot be supported. All types of ecological pyramids are useful for characterizing ecosystem structure. However, in the study of energy flow through the ecosystem, pyramids of energy are the most consist"}


Prompt:
Color, taste, and melting point are examples of what kind of properties?

Choices:
E. extensive properties
T. experimental properties
A. intensive properties
F. sensory properties

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Color, taste, and melting point are examples of what kind of properties?\n\nChoices:\nE. extensive properties\nT. experimental properties\nA. intensive properties\nF. sensory properties"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of the substance present. Some examples of intensive properties are color, taste, and melting point."}


Prompt:
What is the only animal group that evolved to live on land and then back to live in the ocean?

Choices:
A. amphibians
O. birds
D. reptiles
T. mammals

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the only animal group that evolved to live on land and then back to live in the ocean?\n\nChoices:\nA. amphibians\nO. birds\nD. reptiles\nT. mammals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Mammals are also the only animal group that evolved to live on land and then back to live in the ocean. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises have all adapted from land-dwelling creatures to a life of swimming and reproducing in the water ( Figure below ). Whales have evolved into the largest mammals."}


Prompt:
To travel in an environmentally friendly way

Choices:
E. drive a gas guzzling truck
B. use a two wheel human-powered vehicle
R. take a coal powered train
G. drive a car with a leaky gas tank

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "To travel in an environmentally friendly way\n\nChoices:\nE. drive a gas guzzling truck\nB. use a two wheel human-powered vehicle\nR. take a coal powered train\nG. drive a car with a leaky gas tank"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is the energy change called when a neutral atom gains an electron?

Choices:
A. mass affinity
K. nuclear fission
R. fusion gain
N. electron affinity

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the energy change called when a neutral atom gains an electron?\n\nChoices:\nA. mass affinity\nK. nuclear fission\nR. fusion gain\nN. electron affinity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron is called its electron affinity . When energy is released in a chemical reaction or process, that energy is expressed as a negative number. The figure below shows electron affinities in kJ/mole for the representative elements. Electron affinities are measured on atoms in the gaseous state and are very difficult to measure accurately."}


Prompt:
The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and what?

Choices:
S. exoskeleton
O. enamel
F. cytoplasm
R. cerebellum

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and what?\n\nChoices:\nS. exoskeleton\nO. enamel\nF. cytoplasm\nR. cerebellum"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "The ostrich egg - unfertilized, of course. Yes, this egg, just like a human ovum, is just one cell. It is a gamete with a haploid number of chromosomes, formed through meiosis. The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and the cytoplasm."}


Prompt:
White blood cells

Choices:
K. act as transporters of neurons
J. take action against agents of disease
F. defend the body from sunlight
P. act as transporters of nutrients

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "White blood cells\n\nChoices:\nK. act as transporters of neurons\nJ. take action against agents of disease\nF. defend the body from sunlight\nP. act as transporters of nutrients"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
There are metals which will always point north such as

Choices:
Q. gold
S. silver
D. Fe
E. nickel

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "There are metals which will always point north such as\n\nChoices:\nQ. gold\nS. silver\nD. Fe\nE. nickel"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
A baby wants to move a ball, so it looks at the ball and it refuses to move. The baby takes its hand and touches the ball and

Choices:
H. movement stops
P. babies whine
B. motion occurs
F. people cry

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "A baby wants to move a ball, so it looks at the ball and it refuses to move. The baby takes its hand and touches the ball and\n\nChoices:\nH. movement stops\nP. babies whine\nB. motion occurs\nF. people cry"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Eukaryotic cells undergo what kinds of divisions that more primitive cells do not?

Choices:
M. homologous
O. budding
D. meiosis
F. mitosis

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Eukaryotic cells undergo what kinds of divisions that more primitive cells do not?\n\nChoices:\nM. homologous\nO. budding\nD. meiosis\nF. mitosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Mitosis , or division of the nucleus, occurs only in eukaryotic cells. By the time mitosis occurs, the cell's DNA has already replicated. Mitosis occurs in four phases, called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. You can see what happens in each phase in Figure below . The phases are described below. You can also learn more about the phases of mitosis by watching this video: https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=gwcwSZIfKlM ."}


Prompt:
Which of the following is correct about diversity and inclusion at all levels of a private-sector company?

Choices:
N. mandated by federal law
S. the approach preferred by many companies
C. contrary to the company's fiduciary duty to stockholders
M. required by state law in thirty states

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following is correct about diversity and inclusion at all levels of a private-sector company?\n\nChoices:\nN. mandated by federal law\nS. the approach preferred by many companies\nC. contrary to the company's fiduciary duty to stockholders\nM. required by state law in thirty states"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 84, "id": 84, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Lightening could be a combustion of

Choices:
T. milk
O. seaweed
B. rain and ice
I. candy

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Lightening could be a combustion of\n\nChoices:\nT. milk\nO. seaweed\nB. rain and ice\nI. candy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Animal claws, spines, and shells are examples of what strategy for survival?

Choices:
A. display behavior
R. spontaneous mutation
D. defense mechanism
I. learned behavior

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Animal claws, spines, and shells are examples of what strategy for survival?\n\nChoices:\nA. display behavior\nR. spontaneous mutation\nD. defense mechanism\nI. learned behavior"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What is the name of the study of heat engines?

Choices:
B. chemistry
E. biology
F. Chemical dynamics
M. thermodynamics

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of the study of heat engines?\n\nChoices:\nB. chemistry\nE. biology\nF. Chemical dynamics\nM. thermodynamics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Thermodynamics is the study of heat engines. Any engine or power plant obeys the laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy. Total energy, including heat, is conserved in any process and in the complete cycle of a heat engine. The second law of thermodynamics as it applies to heat engines gives an absolute limit on the efficiency of any heat engine that goes through repetitious cycles."}


Prompt:
Pavement cells, large, irregularly shaped parenchymal cells which lack chloroplasts, make up the majority of what?

Choices:
P. epidermis
Q. dermis
M. Skin
N. layers

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Pavement cells, large, irregularly shaped parenchymal cells which lack chloroplasts, make up the majority of what?\n\nChoices:\nP. epidermis\nQ. dermis\nM. Skin\nN. layers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "This tissue includes several types of specialized cells. Pavement cells, large, irregularly shaped parenchymal cells which lack chloroplasts, make up the majority of the epidermis. Within the epidermis, thousands of pairs of bean-shaped schlerenchymal guard cells swell and shrink by osmosis to open and close stomata , tiny pores which control the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases and the release of water vapor. The lower surfaces of some leaves contain as many as 100,000 stomata per sq"}


Prompt:
Ozone loss increases the amount of what high-energy radiation that strikes earth?

Choices:
G. infrared
C. gamma rays
O. ultraviolet
L. microwaves

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ozone loss increases the amount of what high-energy radiation that strikes earth?\n\nChoices:\nG. infrared\nC. gamma rays\nO. ultraviolet\nL. microwaves"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Ozone loss increases the amount of high-energy ultraviolet radiation that strikes Earth. This can cause ecological and health problems."}


Prompt:
plant requires what for photosynthesis

Choices:
I. light reflected from our orbiting rock
N. the reflection of something shiny
K. light from our closest star
D. light that changes color

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "plant requires what for photosynthesis\n\nChoices:\nI. light reflected from our orbiting rock\nN. the reflection of something shiny\nK. light from our closest star\nD. light that changes color"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
The ability of a material to emit various wavelengths of light is similarly related to its?

Choices:
K. half-life
D. atomic energy levels
R. molar mass
E. specific gravity

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The ability of a material to emit various wavelengths of light is similarly related to its?\n\nChoices:\nK. half-life\nD. atomic energy levels\nR. molar mass\nE. specific gravity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Fluorescence and Phosphorescence The ability of a material to emit various wavelengths of light is similarly related to its atomic energy levels. Figure 30.31 shows a scorpion illuminated by a UV lamp, sometimes called a black light. Some rocks also glow in black light, the particular colors being a function of the rock's mineral composition. Black lights are also used to make certain posters glow."}


Prompt:
Who is widely known as the father of genetics?

Choices:
M. james watson
N. gregor mendel
Q. walter gehring
S. francis crick

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who is widely known as the father of genetics?\n\nChoices:\nM. james watson\nN. gregor mendel\nQ. walter gehring\nS. francis crick"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "The pea plant Pisum sativum has purple and white flowers. These flowered plants are not just pretty to look at. These plants led Gregor Mendel to unlock the secrets of heredity, beginning the field of genetics. For his efforts, Mendel is widely known as the Father of Genetics, even though he knew nothing of the genetic material, DNA. The laws he developed apply to all sexually reproducing life, and are the basis for beginning to understand many human diseases."}


Prompt:
One gram of carbohydrates provides how many calories of energy?

Choices:
M. four
F. one
L. eight
N. two

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "One gram of carbohydrates provides how many calories of energy?\n\nChoices:\nM. four\nF. one\nL. eight\nN. two"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars and starches are used by the body for energy. One gram of carbohydrates provides 4 Calories of energy. Fiber, which is found in plant foods, cannot be digested but is needed for good health."}


Prompt:
Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin which process?

Choices:
Q. isolation
E. extraction
F. mutation
M. replication

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin which process?\n\nChoices:\nQ. isolation\nE. extraction\nF. mutation\nM. replication"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Regulation of the Cell Cycle by External Events Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. An event may be as simple as the death of a nearby cell or as sweeping as the release of growthpromoting hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH). A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell div"}


Prompt:
What is able to occur because no surface is perfectly smooth?

Choices:
P. friction
O. mass
N. tension
A. temperature

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is able to occur because no surface is perfectly smooth?\n\nChoices:\nP. friction\nO. mass\nN. tension\nA. temperature"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Friction occurs because no surface is perfectly smooth. Even surfaces that look smooth to the unaided eye appear rough or bumpy when viewed under a microscope. Look at the metal surfaces in Figure below . The metal foil is so smooth that it is shiny. However, when highly magnified, the surface of metal appears to be very bumpy. All those mountains and valleys catch and grab the mountains and valleys of any other surface that contacts the metal. This creates friction."}


Prompt:
When Gia cooked her no-bake cookies too long, she discovered they had become hard, (though un-burnt). what is the most likely reason?

Choices:
N. It was so cold in the room if froze
C. she used too many oats
R. She used old sugar
O. The sugar had undergone crystallization

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "When Gia cooked her no-bake cookies too long, she discovered they had become hard, (though un-burnt). what is the most likely reason?\n\nChoices:\nN. It was so cold in the room if froze\nC. she used too many oats\nR. She used old sugar\nO. The sugar had undergone crystallization"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Evaporation is the reason that

Choices:
D. crime is on the rise in the cities
L. the polar ice caps are spreading
S. a rain puddle is suddenly gone
N. the Earth is turning into a dirt ball

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Evaporation is the reason that\n\nChoices:\nD. crime is on the rise in the cities\nL. the polar ice caps are spreading\nS. a rain puddle is suddenly gone\nN. the Earth is turning into a dirt ball"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
When did the television series Law of the Plainsman air?

Choices:
E. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from September 22, 1961, until October 1, 1958.
C. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from October 1, 1958, until September 22, 1961.
S. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from September 22, 1960, until October 1, 1959.
M. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from October 1, 1959, until September 22, 1960.
K. Law of the Plainsman never aired on NBC.

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "When did the television series Law of the Plainsman air?\n\nChoices:\nE. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from September 22, 1961, until October 1, 1958.\nC. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from October 1, 1958, until September 22, 1961.\nS. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from September 22, 1960, until October 1, 1959.\nM. Law of the Plainsman aired on NBC from October 1, 1959, until September 22, 1960.\nK. Law of the Plainsman never aired on NBC."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]


Prompt:
Which would best store new whale offspring?

Choices:
D. large egg carton
I. large aquarium
P. bag
K. mud hole

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which would best store new whale offspring?\n\nChoices:\nD. large egg carton\nI. large aquarium\nP. bag\nK. mud hole"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the long-time average of weather?

Choices:
M. landscape
O. climate
I. scale
L. evolution

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the long-time average of weather?\n\nChoices:\nM. landscape\nO. climate\nI. scale\nL. evolution"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Climate is the long-term average of weather."}


Prompt:
If a road is bumpy and another road is smooth, the bumpier road

Choices:
N. will be rough on tires
L. will be lower than the smooth road
C. will have cars driving quickly
Q. will be longer than the smooth road

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a road is bumpy and another road is smooth, the bumpier road\n\nChoices:\nN. will be rough on tires\nL. will be lower than the smooth road\nC. will have cars driving quickly\nQ. will be longer than the smooth road"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
During seasonal changes, like from summer to fall, what is a common noted change?

Choices:
C. stars are seen more easily at night
J. evenings are much brighter
O. new leaves begin to grow
K. the sun begins to set earlier

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "During seasonal changes, like from summer to fall, what is a common noted change?\n\nChoices:\nC. stars are seen more easily at night\nJ. evenings are much brighter\nO. new leaves begin to grow\nK. the sun begins to set earlier"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What is the significance of the title "Two Seconds" in the 1932 film of the same name?

Choices:
R. "Two Seconds" is a metaphorical reference reflecting the brevity of life and the fleeting moment of a condemned person's final moments.
O. "Two Seconds" represents the duration of a specific scene in the film, symbolizing a critical turning point in the narrative.
B. "Two Seconds" refers to the time it takes for the executioner to throw the switch in the electric chair.
H. "Two Seconds" denotes the period it takes for the protagonist's life to drastically change after a shocking revelation.
T. "Two Seconds" indicates the time interval between major plot events that drive the film's suspense.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the significance of the title \"Two Seconds\" in the 1932 film of the same name?\n\nChoices:\nR. \"Two Seconds\" is a metaphorical reference reflecting the brevity of life and the fleeting moment of a condemned person's final moments.\nO. \"Two Seconds\" represents the duration of a specific scene in the film, symbolizing a critical turning point in the narrative.\nB. \"Two Seconds\" refers to the time it takes for the executioner to throw the switch in the electric chair.\nH. \"Two Seconds\" denotes the period it takes for the protagonist's life to drastically change after a shocking revelation.\nT. \"Two Seconds\" indicates the time interval between major plot events that drive the film's suspense."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Trees have woody stems covered with what?

Choices:
L. shells
R. larvae
I. bark
P. rust

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Trees have woody stems covered with what?\n\nChoices:\nL. shells\nR. larvae\nI. bark\nP. rust"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Trees have woody stems covered with bark."}


Prompt:
What does fluoride in toothpaste help prevent?

Choices:
A. plaque build up
K. tooth decay
H. gum disease
S. cavities

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does fluoride in toothpaste help prevent?\n\nChoices:\nA. plaque build up\nK. tooth decay\nH. gum disease\nS. cavities"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Figure 15.9 Fluoride, found in many toothpastes, helps prevent tooth decay (credit: Kerry Ceszyk). Unfortunately, excess fluoride can negate its advantages. Natural sources of drinking water in various parts of the world have varying concentrations of fluoride, and places where that concentration is high are prone to certain health risks when there is no other source of drinking water. The most serious side effect of excess fluoride is the bone disease, skeletal fluorosis. When excess fluoride i"}


Prompt:
Who supervises the Film Festival of Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University?

Choices:
E. The Film Festival Committee.
S. The dean of the Faculty of Informatics.
O. The Laboratory of Electronic and Multimedia Application (LEMMA).
K. The mayor of Brno.
G. The rector of Masaryk University.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Who supervises the Film Festival of Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University?\n\nChoices:\nE. The Film Festival Committee.\nS. The dean of the Faculty of Informatics.\nO. The Laboratory of Electronic and Multimedia Application (LEMMA).\nK. The mayor of Brno.\nG. The rector of Masaryk University."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
A pigment within plant cells which absorbs light is called?

Choices:
H. carbonate
L. chlorophyll
N. green
D. xylem

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "A pigment within plant cells which absorbs light is called?\n\nChoices:\nH. carbonate\nL. chlorophyll\nN. green\nD. xylem"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "chlorophyll - a pigment within plant cells which absorbs light."}


Prompt:
Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord but not a?

Choices:
G. brain
C. digestive system
P. backbone
K. nervous system

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord but not a?\n\nChoices:\nG. brain\nC. digestive system\nP. backbone\nK. nervous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Cephalochordata: Cephalochordates include the lancelets ( Figure below ), fish-like marine animals often found half-buried in the sand. Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord but no backbone."}


Prompt:
What is the history of The Lensbury?

Choices:
I. The Lensbury was originally a luxury spa resort opened in the late 19th century, which later transformed into a conference centre and hotel.
R. The Lensbury is a historic castle converted into a conference centre and hotel that has been operating since the 12th century.
F. The Lensbury was established as a leisure facility exclusively for Shell employees in 1920 and was known as the Lensbury Club until the 1990s.
O. The Lensbury originated as a country estate that was redesigned into a conference centre, hotel, and leisure facility in the early 20th century.
L. The Lensbury was initially a family-owned hotel that opened in the early 20th century, and it gained popularity as a conference centre over the years.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the history of The Lensbury?\n\nChoices:\nI. The Lensbury was originally a luxury spa resort opened in the late 19th century, which later transformed into a conference centre and hotel.\nR. The Lensbury is a historic castle converted into a conference centre and hotel that has been operating since the 12th century.\nF. The Lensbury was established as a leisure facility exclusively for Shell employees in 1920 and was known as the Lensbury Club until the 1990s.\nO. The Lensbury originated as a country estate that was redesigned into a conference centre, hotel, and leisure facility in the early 20th century.\nL. The Lensbury was initially a family-owned hotel that opened in the early 20th century, and it gained popularity as a conference centre over the years."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
A refraction of light that splits into all different colors often occurs after

Choices:
H. rain
A. clouds
T. earthquakes
F. heat

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "A refraction of light that splits into all different colors often occurs after\n\nChoices:\nH. rain\nA. clouds\nT. earthquakes\nF. heat"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What is the name of the effect that causes air masses to move on a diagonal?

Choices:
D. polar effect
C. the headwind effect
R. the coriolis effect
P. aurora borealis

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of the effect that causes air masses to move on a diagonal?\n\nChoices:\nD. polar effect\nC. the headwind effect\nR. the coriolis effect\nP. aurora borealis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Why do air masses move? Winds and jet streams push them along. Cold air masses tend to move toward the Equator. Warm air masses tend to move toward the poles. The Coriolis effect causes them to move on a diagonal. Many air masses move toward the northeast over the U. S. This is the same direction that global winds blow."}


Prompt:
Metabolism is controlled by regulation of what?

Choices:
D. nucleus activity
H. cell activity
F. enzyme activity
B. sequence activity

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Metabolism is controlled by regulation of what?\n\nChoices:\nD. nucleus activity\nH. cell activity\nF. enzyme activity\nB. sequence activity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "8.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism."}


Prompt:
Which part of the body of amphibians, easily absorbs substances from the environment?

Choices:
Q. scales
B. skin
F. liver
N. Eyes

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which part of the body of amphibians, easily absorbs substances from the environment?\n\nChoices:\nQ. scales\nB. skin\nF. liver\nN. Eyes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Why are so many amphibian species threatened by extinction, and why should you care? The second question is easy. Amphibians control pests, may be a source of new medicines, and help feed many other animals. The nature of amphibian skin may help explain why so many amphibian species are at risk. Their skin easily absorbs substances from the environment, such as pollutants in water or air. Therefore, they may suffer from poor environmental quality before other animals do. As such, they may provid"}


Prompt:
The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called what?

Choices:
H. flagella
D. microvilli
O. digits
M. epithelial

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called what?\n\nChoices:\nH. flagella\nD. microvilli\nO. digits\nM. epithelial"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called microvilli (singular = microvillus); ( Figure 4.10). Such cells are typically found lining the small intestine, the organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food. This is an excellent example of form following function. People with celiac disease have an immune response to gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The immune response damages microvilli, and thus, afflicte"}


Prompt:
What is Alistair Iain Paterson known for in the music industry?

Choices:
C. Being a renowned classical pianist.
S. Being a founding member of the Scottish folk band Barluath.
T. Being a Grammy-winning songwriter.
I. Being a major figure in the hip-hop music scene.
B. Being a prominent jazz saxophonist.

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Alistair Iain Paterson known for in the music industry?\n\nChoices:\nC. Being a renowned classical pianist.\nS. Being a founding member of the Scottish folk band Barluath.\nT. Being a Grammy-winning songwriter.\nI. Being a major figure in the hip-hop music scene.\nB. Being a prominent jazz saxophonist."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What type of organization primarily offers tax compliance, auditing, and consulting services?

Choices:
C. corporations
S. public accounting firms
D. universities
A. governmental entities

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of organization primarily offers tax compliance, auditing, and consulting services?\n\nChoices:\nC. corporations\nS. public accounting firms\nD. universities\nA. governmental entities"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 18, "id": 18, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Light from objects at different distances is focused by what part of the eye?

Choices:
I. iris
E. lens
R. meniscus
J. pupil

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Light from objects at different distances is focused by what part of the eye?\n\nChoices:\nI. iris\nE. lens\nR. meniscus\nJ. pupil"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Light from objects at different distances is focused by the lens of the eye. Muscles in the eye control the shape of the lens so the light is focused on the back of the eye no matter how far the object is from the lens."}


Prompt:
What does the Moskvitch 402, manufactured by MZMA, feature in comparison to its predecessor, the Moskvitch-401?

Choices:
L. Independent suspension with double wishbones, telescopic shock absorbers, 12-volt electrics, more solid and comfortable car body, more modern trunk, heater, standard car radio, wider viewing range for the driver, etc.
G. Front-wheel drive, disc brakes, automatic transmission, and cloth seats.
E. Four-wheel drive, turbocharged engine, leather seats, and a panoramic sunroof.
S. Rear-wheel drive, drum brakes, manual transmission, and vinyl seats.
F. Air conditioning, power steering, alloy wheels, and a navigation system.

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the Moskvitch 402, manufactured by MZMA, feature in comparison to its predecessor, the Moskvitch-401?\n\nChoices:\nL. Independent suspension with double wishbones, telescopic shock absorbers, 12-volt electrics, more solid and comfortable car body, more modern trunk, heater, standard car radio, wider viewing range for the driver, etc.\nG. Front-wheel drive, disc brakes, automatic transmission, and cloth seats.\nE. Four-wheel drive, turbocharged engine, leather seats, and a panoramic sunroof.\nS. Rear-wheel drive, drum brakes, manual transmission, and vinyl seats.\nF. Air conditioning, power steering, alloy wheels, and a navigation system."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
In which country was John Cameron born?

Choices:
G. Scotland
T. United States
M. Ireland
A. Wales
S. England

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which country was John Cameron born?\n\nChoices:\nG. Scotland\nT. United States\nM. Ireland\nA. Wales\nS. England"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
How much magma does Shiveluch, the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, erupt per year?

Choices:
J. Roughly 0.15 km3 (0.036 cu mi)
P. Approximately 0.0015 km3 (0.00036 cu mi)
B. Around 0.015 km3 (0.0036 cu mi)
F. Nearly 1.5 km3 (0.36 cu mi)
T. More than 15 km3 (3.6 cu mi)

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "How much magma does Shiveluch, the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, erupt per year?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Roughly 0.15 km3 (0.036 cu mi)\nP. Approximately 0.0015 km3 (0.00036 cu mi)\nB. Around 0.015 km3 (0.0036 cu mi)\nF. Nearly 1.5 km3 (0.36 cu mi)\nT. More than 15 km3 (3.6 cu mi)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What two things are excess proteins converted into?

Choices:
S. fructose or triglycerides
B. glucose or triglycerides
T. sucrose or triglycerides
K. glucose or sucrose

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What two things are excess proteins converted into?\n\nChoices:\nS. fructose or triglycerides\nB. glucose or triglycerides\nT. sucrose or triglycerides\nK. glucose or sucrose"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "serve as a metabolic fuel source. Proteins are not stored for later use, so excess proteins must be converted into glucose or triglycerides, and used to supply energy or build energy reserves. Although the body can synthesize proteins from amino acids, food is an important source of those amino acids, especially because humans cannot synthesize all of the 20 amino acids used to build proteins. The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. When protein-rich foods enter the stomach, they are gr"}


Prompt:
All living things are able to produce what?

Choices:
K. tissue
I. offspring
M. proteins
N. toxins

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "All living things are able to produce what?\n\nChoices:\nK. tissue\nI. offspring\nM. proteins\nN. toxins"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What are hydrocarbons most important use?

Choices:
M. food
N. electricity
B. fuel
F. lightsource

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are hydrocarbons most important use?\n\nChoices:\nM. food\nN. electricity\nB. fuel\nF. lightsource"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Hydrocarbons have a wide variety of important uses, but their most important use is as fuels."}


Prompt:
The Earth spins around and around, and in order to finish one cycle of this spinning

Choices:
K. two days must pass
L. a week must go by
I. a seventh of a week must pass
A. the Earth must slow down

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "The Earth spins around and around, and in order to finish one cycle of this spinning\n\nChoices:\nK. two days must pass\nL. a week must go by\nI. a seventh of a week must pass\nA. the Earth must slow down"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
How were the Libertarian Party's nominees for the 2008 presidential election chosen?

Choices:
T. Directly by registered delegates at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention.
Q. Through non-binding preferences indicated by voters in the Libertarian Party's presidential primaries.
O. Through the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses.
I. Through the appointment of delegates representing candidates at the party's convention.
N. By former congressman Bob Barr and media personality Wayne Allyn Root themselves.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "How were the Libertarian Party's nominees for the 2008 presidential election chosen?\n\nChoices:\nT. Directly by registered delegates at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention.\nQ. Through non-binding preferences indicated by voters in the Libertarian Party's presidential primaries.\nO. Through the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses.\nI. Through the appointment of delegates representing candidates at the party's convention.\nN. By former congressman Bob Barr and media personality Wayne Allyn Root themselves."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
A way to conserve something is to

Choices:
B. finish it off
A. use it sparsely
L. use it up
H. use it quickly

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "A way to conserve something is to\n\nChoices:\nB. finish it off\nA. use it sparsely\nL. use it up\nH. use it quickly"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
What are the two major atmospheric gases?

Choices:
M. nitrogen and oxygen
B. carbon and helium
N. hydrogen and oxygen
P. nitrogen and hydrogen

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the two major atmospheric gases?\n\nChoices:\nM. nitrogen and oxygen\nB. carbon and helium\nN. hydrogen and oxygen\nP. nitrogen and hydrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "The major atmospheric gases are nitrogen and oxygen. The atmosphere also contains minor amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide."}


Prompt:
How many seats are available for basketball games at the Marriott Center on the campus of Brigham Young University?

Choices:
J. 10,567
T. 25,624
G. 17,978
A. 13,654
N. 21,235

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many seats are available for basketball games at the Marriott Center on the campus of Brigham Young University?\n\nChoices:\nJ. 10,567\nT. 25,624\nG. 17,978\nA. 13,654\nN. 21,235"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is Pagolle?

Choices:
D. A historic landmark in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
G. A commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
N. A river in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
T. A national park in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
I. A mountain range in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Pagolle?\n\nChoices:\nD. A historic landmark in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.\nG. A commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.\nN. A river in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.\nT. A national park in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.\nI. A mountain range in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What type of behavioral rhythms are linked to the yearly cycle of seasons?

Choices:
O. biannual
J. monthly
H. circannual
S. annual

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of behavioral rhythms are linked to the yearly cycle of seasons?\n\nChoices:\nO. biannual\nJ. monthly\nH. circannual\nS. annual"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts are all impacts of what?

Choices:
T. nature's natural cycle
D. sudden warming
M. air pollution
L. global warming

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts are all impacts of what?\n\nChoices:\nT. nature's natural cycle\nD. sudden warming\nM. air pollution\nL. global warming"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts are all impacts of global warming. But how does global warming actually affect the oceans? The sea, it turns out, absorbs carbon dioxide emissions. The ocean acts like a giant sponge, absorbing carbon dioxide emissions from the air. And as we add more and more carbon dioxide to air by burning fossil fuels, the ocean is absorbing it. On one level, it's done us a big favor. Scientists say that we would be experiencing much more extreme climate cha"}


Prompt:
What do inherited immunodeficiencies arise from?

Choices:
M. stem cells
P. gene mutations
T. Allopatric speciation
L. viral infections

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do inherited immunodeficiencies arise from?\n\nChoices:\nM. stem cells\nP. gene mutations\nT. Allopatric speciation\nL. viral infections"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Immunodeficiencies As you have seen, the immune system is quite complex. It has many pathways using many cell types and signals. Because it is so complex, there are many ways for it to go wrong. Inherited immunodeficiencies arise from gene mutations that affect specific components of the immune response. There are also acquired immunodeficiencies with potentially devastating effects on the immune system, such as HIV."}


Prompt:
What is the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells called?

Choices:
D. platlet
T. mitochondria
F. hemoglobin
E. molecule

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells called?\n\nChoices:\nD. platlet\nT. mitochondria\nF. hemoglobin\nE. molecule"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "In practice, chemical research is often not limited to just one of the five major disciplines. A particular chemist may use biochemistry to isolate a particular chemical found in the human body such as hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells. He or she may then proceed to analyze the hemoglobin using methods that would pertain to the areas of physical or analytical chemistry. Many chemists specialize in areas that are combinations of the main disciplines, such as bioinorgani"}


Prompt:
The mammalian sense of touch also relies on mechanoreceptors that are the dendrites of sensory?

Choices:
K. electrons
G. nerves
T. ions
F. neurons

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The mammalian sense of touch also relies on mechanoreceptors that are the dendrites of sensory?\n\nChoices:\nK. electrons\nG. nerves\nT. ions\nF. neurons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What science studies chemical processes that are found in living things?

Choices:
F. biochemistry
K. marine biology
R. psysiology
L. physiology

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What science studies chemical processes that are found in living things?\n\nChoices:\nF. biochemistry\nK. marine biology\nR. psysiology\nL. physiology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living systems. In this chapter, we will explore some of the basic chemical components of biological systems and develop an understanding of the roles played by each major type of biomolecule."}


Prompt:
What is George Hector Taylor famous for?

Choices:
K. George Hector Taylor is famous for being a renowned author and poet who published several critically acclaimed works.
N. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an accomplished musician who played in various bands and released several hit singles.
I. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an English professional football outside right who played in the Football League for Brentford and Millwall.
F. George Hector Taylor is famous for being a prominent actor who starred in numerous Hollywood blockbusters.
J. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an influential scientist who made significant contributions to the field of quantum physics.

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is George Hector Taylor famous for?\n\nChoices:\nK. George Hector Taylor is famous for being a renowned author and poet who published several critically acclaimed works.\nN. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an accomplished musician who played in various bands and released several hit singles.\nI. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an English professional football outside right who played in the Football League for Brentford and Millwall.\nF. George Hector Taylor is famous for being a prominent actor who starred in numerous Hollywood blockbusters.\nJ. George Hector Taylor is famous for being an influential scientist who made significant contributions to the field of quantum physics."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What is the purpose of the "Nine Standards" in Hartley, Cumbria?

Choices:
D. The "Nine Standards" were used as markers to indicate the location of mineral mines.
R. The "Nine Standards" were built as a defense mechanism against invading armies.
A. The "Nine Standards" were erected as a religious monument.
P. The "Nine Standards" were used to commemorate a historical event in the village of Hartley.
B. The "Nine Standards" were placed as geographical aids to outline the borders between neighboring counties.

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the purpose of the \"Nine Standards\" in Hartley, Cumbria?\n\nChoices:\nD. The \"Nine Standards\" were used as markers to indicate the location of mineral mines.\nR. The \"Nine Standards\" were built as a defense mechanism against invading armies.\nA. The \"Nine Standards\" were erected as a religious monument.\nP. The \"Nine Standards\" were used to commemorate a historical event in the village of Hartley.\nB. The \"Nine Standards\" were placed as geographical aids to outline the borders between neighboring counties."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Having a conversation in rooms with bare cement can be challenging because of

Choices:
C. bouncing sound waves
Q. problematic triggered dingoes
H. egg cartons
N. dancing clown guys

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Having a conversation in rooms with bare cement can be challenging because of\n\nChoices:\nC. bouncing sound waves\nQ. problematic triggered dingoes\nH. egg cartons\nN. dancing clown guys"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
Filter feeders called rotifers collect digestive and excretory wastes in what primitive organ?

Choices:
F. cloacal bladder
C. bile duct
I. simple stomach
M. liver

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Filter feeders called rotifers collect digestive and excretory wastes in what primitive organ?\n\nChoices:\nF. cloacal bladder\nC. bile duct\nI. simple stomach\nM. liver"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "The rotifers are filter feeders that will eat dead material, algae, and other microscopic living organisms, and are therefore very important components of aquatic food webs. Rotifers obtain food that is directed toward the mouth by the current created from the movement of the corona. The food particles enter the mouth and travel to the mastax (pharynx with jawlike structures). Food then passes by digestive and salivary glands, and into the stomach, then onto the intestines. Digestive and excreto"}


Prompt:
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in a human body?

Choices:
A. insulin
Q. progesterone
I. growth hormone
K. estrogen

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in a human body?\n\nChoices:\nA. insulin\nQ. progesterone\nI. growth hormone\nK. estrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The pancreas is a large gland located near the stomach. Hormones secreted by the pancreas include insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood. It also stimulates the liver to take up and store excess glucose."}


Prompt:
Which formation is a positive result in the VDRL test?

Choices:
E. flocculant
R. coagulation
S. precipitin
L. a bright pink color

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which formation is a positive result in the VDRL test?\n\nChoices:\nE. flocculant\nR. coagulation\nS. precipitin\nL. a bright pink color"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2995, "id": 2995, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Taking shorter showers leads to

Choices:
F. an empty water heater
R. water shortages for the local environment
G. increased energy consumption by the water heater
T. less energy used by the water heater

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Taking shorter showers leads to\n\nChoices:\nF. an empty water heater\nR. water shortages for the local environment\nG. increased energy consumption by the water heater\nT. less energy used by the water heater"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Nerves are used to feel what on the skin?

Choices:
S. emotions
E. creativity
D. coldness
K. stares

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Nerves are used to feel what on the skin?\n\nChoices:\nS. emotions\nE. creativity\nD. coldness\nK. stares"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
In vertebrates, ovipary, ovovivipary, and vivipary are different strategies for what vital process?

Choices:
O. reproduction
N. respiration
I. circulation
E. absorption

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "In vertebrates, ovipary, ovovivipary, and vivipary are different strategies for what vital process?\n\nChoices:\nO. reproduction\nN. respiration\nI. circulation\nE. absorption"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies, known as ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary."}


Prompt:
Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster?

Choices:
P. none of these
T. galaxy
Q. star cluster
A. solar system

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster?\n\nChoices:\nP. none of these\nT. galaxy\nQ. star cluster\nA. solar system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. Compared to the solar system a star cluster is a big place. But galaxies are bigger—a lot bigger."}


Prompt:
Which part of the brain is responsible for working memory?

Choices:
I. cerebellum
A. prefrontal cortex
D. brain stem
F. amygdala

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which part of the brain is responsible for working memory?\n\nChoices:\nI. cerebellum\nA. prefrontal cortex\nD. brain stem\nF. amygdala"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "14.3 Motor Responses The motor components of the somatic nervous system begin with the frontal lobe of the brain, where the prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher functions such as working memory. The integrative and associate functions of the prefrontal lobe feed into the secondary motor areas, which help plan movements. The premotor cortex and supplemental motor area then feed into the primary motor cortex that initiates movements. Large Betz cells project through the corticobulbar and co"}


Prompt:
A large mill in the area has led to streams and rivers being filled with

Choices:
O. pollutants
D. fish
J. rapids
B. boats

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "A large mill in the area has led to streams and rivers being filled with\n\nChoices:\nO. pollutants\nD. fish\nJ. rapids\nB. boats"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What are the location where bones come together?

Choices:
N. Knees
L. fingers
C. joints
M. muscles

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the location where bones come together?\n\nChoices:\nN. Knees\nL. fingers\nC. joints\nM. muscles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "The adult human body has 206 bones, and with the exception of the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined to each other by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide for l"}


Prompt:
Budding in sponges is a form of what type of reproduction?

Choices:
A. competitive
Q. asexual
G. sexual
O. reasonable

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Budding in sponges is a form of what type of reproduction?\n\nChoices:\nA. competitive\nQ. asexual\nG. sexual\nO. reasonable"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs by budding. Sexual reproduction occurs by the production of eggs and sperm. Males release sperm into the water through the osculum. Sperm may enter a female sponge through a pore and fertilize her eggs. The resulting zygotes develop into larvae."}


Prompt:
Arctic foxes are white in order to

Choices:
T. keep their bodies warm
Q. hide from their predators
O. keep their fur clean
C. hide in their environment

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Arctic foxes are white in order to\n\nChoices:\nT. keep their bodies warm\nQ. hide from their predators\nO. keep their fur clean\nC. hide in their environment"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What parts of a human possess the highest concentration of thermoreceptors?

Choices:
S. hands and feet
H. face and hair
C. face and ears
Q. hand and ears

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What parts of a human possess the highest concentration of thermoreceptors?\n\nChoices:\nS. hands and feet\nH. face and hair\nC. face and ears\nQ. hand and ears"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Thermoreceptors perceive sensations related to the temperature of objects. There are two basic categories of thermoreceptors: hot receptors and cold receptors. The highest concentration of thermoreceptors can be found in the face and ears."}


Prompt:
What system do trees need to transport nutrients?

Choices:
M. passive transport membrane
Q. photosynthetic system
S. vascular
K. circulatory

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What system do trees need to transport nutrients?\n\nChoices:\nM. passive transport membrane\nQ. photosynthetic system\nS. vascular\nK. circulatory"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "The trees tower in the sky, while the mosses carpet the forest floor. Mosses, like the first plants, are restricted to life near the ground because they lack vascular system. Only with a vascular system can these trees transport sugars, nutrients, and water up and down their tall trunks. The evolution of the vascular system was a big step in the evolutionary history of plants."}


Prompt:
The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce what?

Choices:
K. needles
R. pollen
M. spores
P. flowers

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce what?\n\nChoices:\nK. needles\nR. pollen\nM. spores\nP. flowers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce the pollen."}


Prompt:
What pigment do slow fibers contain?

Choices:
B. iron
H. melolin
G. hemoglobin
R. myoglobin

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What pigment do slow fibers contain?\n\nChoices:\nB. iron\nH. melolin\nG. hemoglobin\nR. myoglobin"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Which of the following statements is true? a. Fast fibers have a small diameter. Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves. Fast fibers have many mitochondria. Which of the following statements is false? a. Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries. Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin. Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria. Slow fibers contract for extended periods. Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they __"}


Prompt:
Why do birds build nests?

Choices:
A. get off ground
D. safe place
H. hatch eggs
L. raise birds

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why do birds build nests?\n\nChoices:\nA. get off ground\nD. safe place\nH. hatch eggs\nL. raise birds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Birds and wasps build nests to have a safe place to store their eggs and raise their young. Many other animals build nests for the same reason. Animals protect their young in other ways, as well. For example, a mother dog not only nurses her puppies. She also washes them with her tongue and protects them from strange people or other animals. All of these behaviors help the young survive and grow up to be adults."}


Prompt:
What is an example of a change in the Earth?

Choices:
S. an expanse of water turning to forested land
J. a duck living in the woods
K. a river flowing strongly
F. a forest growing larger

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is an example of a change in the Earth?\n\nChoices:\nS. an expanse of water turning to forested land\nJ. a duck living in the woods\nK. a river flowing strongly\nF. a forest growing larger"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
What term is used to describe the process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome?

Choices:
A. organism mapping
D. genome mapping
H. DNA replication
K. produce mapping

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What term is used to describe the process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome?\n\nChoices:\nA. organism mapping\nD. genome mapping\nH. DNA replication\nK. produce mapping"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Mapping Genomes Genome mapping is the process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome. The maps that are created are comparable to the maps that we use to navigate streets. A genetic map is an illustration that lists genes and their location on a chromosome. Genetic maps provide the big picture (similar to a map of interstate highways) and use genetic markers (similar to landmarks). A genetic marker is a gene or sequence on a chromosome that shows genetic linkage with a trait of inte"}


Prompt:
Carbon can form single, double, or triple what with other carbon atoms

Choices:
K. phenotype bonds
N. covalent bonds
M. ionic bonds
E. electron bonds

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Carbon can form single, double, or triple what with other carbon atoms\n\nChoices:\nK. phenotype bonds\nN. covalent bonds\nM. ionic bonds\nE. electron bonds"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Carbon can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms."}


Prompt:
What sport involves people quickly finding destinations using polar coordinates?

Choices:
H. orienteering
L. sticking
B. mapping
J. patterning

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "What sport involves people quickly finding destinations using polar coordinates?\n\nChoices:\nH. orienteering\nL. sticking\nB. mapping\nJ. patterning"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Polar coordinates are used in a sport called orienteering. People who do orienteering use a compass and a map with polar coordinates. Participants find their way along a course across wilderness terrain ( Figure below ). They move to various checkpoints along the course. The winner is the person who completes the course in the fastest time."}


Prompt:
Elements involved in nuclear reactions are what?

Choices:
G. radioactive
Q. detectable
O. static
S. inert

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Elements involved in nuclear reactions are what?\n\nChoices:\nG. radioactive\nQ. detectable\nO. static\nS. inert"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Elements involved in nuclear reactions are radioactive. How do you think radioactive elements differ from other elements?."}


Prompt:
In which regions has Takis Würger reported as a war correspondent?

Choices:
T. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in the Middle East and Europe.
N. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Asia and Australia.
S. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Africa and South America.
O. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Europe and Asia.
R. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in North America and Australia.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which regions has Takis Würger reported as a war correspondent?\n\nChoices:\nT. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in the Middle East and Europe.\nN. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Asia and Australia.\nS. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Africa and South America.\nO. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in Europe and Asia.\nR. Takis Würger has reported from warzones in North America and Australia."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
What is the latest official estimate of the population of Chepo, a district in Panamá Province, Panama?

Choices:
I. 32,195
B. 4,937 km²
T. 59,382
D. The population of Chepo has not been officially estimated.
J. The population of Chepo is unknown.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the latest official estimate of the population of Chepo, a district in Panamá Province, Panama?\n\nChoices:\nI. 32,195\nB. 4,937 km²\nT. 59,382\nD. The population of Chepo has not been officially estimated.\nJ. The population of Chepo is unknown."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots called what?

Choices:
S. fibrous roots
N. vines
A. taproots
E. tendrils

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots called what?\n\nChoices:\nS. fibrous roots\nN. vines\nA. taproots\nE. tendrils"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]

{"support": "Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots, called fibrous roots , but no large primary root. The huge number of threadlike roots increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals, but fibrous roots anchor the plant less securely."}


Prompt:
The process by which creatures regulate body temperature from the outside through behavioral changes is known as what?

Choices:
G. endothermy
F. exterior induction
A. ectothermy
S. misiothermy

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "The process by which creatures regulate body temperature from the outside through behavioral changes is known as what?\n\nChoices:\nG. endothermy\nF. exterior induction\nA. ectothermy\nS. misiothermy"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Until mammals and birds evolved, all vertebrates were ectothermic. Ectothermy means regulating body temperature from the outside through behavioral changes. For example, an ectotherm might stay under a rock in the shade in order to keep cool on a hot, sunny day. Almost all living fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectothermic. Their metabolic rate and level of activity depend mainly on the outside temperature. They can raise or lower their own temperature only slightly through behavior alone."}


Prompt:
How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

Choices:
M. They are produced by a mouse's immune system as a natural response to an infection.
S. A mouse is injected with an antigen and then antibodies are harvested from its serum.
P. They are produced by the human immune system as a natural response to an infection.
E. Antibody-producing B cells from a mouse are fused with myeloma cells and then the cells are grown in tissue culture.

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "How are monoclonal antibodies produced?\n\nChoices:\nM. They are produced by a mouse's immune system as a natural response to an infection.\nS. A mouse is injected with an antigen and then antibodies are harvested from its serum.\nP. They are produced by the human immune system as a natural response to an infection.\nE. Antibody-producing B cells from a mouse are fused with myeloma cells and then the cells are grown in tissue culture."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2994, "id": 2994, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped structures that are located just below and posterior to the liver in this?

Choices:
D. peritoneal cavity
N. stomach cavity
K. mantle cavity
H. cerebral cavity

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped structures that are located just below and posterior to the liver in this?\n\nChoices:\nD. peritoneal cavity\nN. stomach cavity\nK. mantle cavity\nH. cerebral cavity"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Kidneys: The Main Osmoregulatory Organ The kidneys, illustrated in Figure 41.4, are a pair of bean-shaped structures that are located just below and posterior to the liver in the peritoneal cavity. The adrenal glands sit on top of each kidney and are also called the suprarenal glands. Kidneys filter blood and purify it. All the blood in the human body is filtered many times a day by the kidneys; these organs use up almost 25 percent of the oxygen absorbed through the lungs to perform this functi"}


Prompt:
Much of the damage from hurricanes may be caused by?

Choices:
E. insurance fraud
D. wind chill
I. hail
N. storm surge

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Much of the damage from hurricanes may be caused by?\n\nChoices:\nE. insurance fraud\nD. wind chill\nI. hail\nN. storm surge"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "A hurricane is a large storm with high winds and heavy rains. Hurricanes develop from tropical cyclones. They form over warm ocean water. Much of the damage from hurricanes may be caused by storm surge."}


Prompt:
In order to grow a rosebush needs a specific

Choices:
Q. house
K. gardener
T. fertilizer
R. climate

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "In order to grow a rosebush needs a specific\n\nChoices:\nQ. house\nK. gardener\nT. fertilizer\nR. climate"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
In a castellers human tower known as 3 in 8, how many people are there per level in the trunk?

Choices:
C. 2 people per level
B. 4 people per level
J. 3 people per level
I. 1 person per level
Q. 5 people per level

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "In a castellers human tower known as 3 in 8, how many people are there per level in the trunk?\n\nChoices:\nC. 2 people per level\nB. 4 people per level\nJ. 3 people per level\nI. 1 person per level\nQ. 5 people per level"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
Different plants draw different minerals so to save the land you need to

Choices:
N. switch crops yearly
J. water less
M. bring in dirt
H. watch the moon

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Different plants draw different minerals so to save the land you need to\n\nChoices:\nN. switch crops yearly\nJ. water less\nM. bring in dirt\nH. watch the moon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and this?

Choices:
C. cold - resistant properties
Q. water-resistant properties
I. friction resistant properties
H. heat resistant properties

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and this?\n\nChoices:\nC. cold - resistant properties\nQ. water-resistant properties\nI. friction resistant properties\nH. heat resistant properties"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes. A keratinocyte is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from the deeper layers (Figure 5.4)."}


Prompt:
Which describes the ideal bureaucracy according to Max Weber?

Choices:
C. a wasteful, poorly organized agency
M. an organization that competes with other bureaucracies for funding
R. an apolitical, hierarchically organized agency
D. an agency that shows clear electoral responsiveness

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which describes the ideal bureaucracy according to Max Weber?\n\nChoices:\nC. a wasteful, poorly organized agency\nM. an organization that competes with other bureaucracies for funding\nR. an apolitical, hierarchically organized agency\nD. an agency that shows clear electoral responsiveness"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 790, "id": 790, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What does the bicoid protein activate?

Choices:
P. several gap genes
R. amino acid production
S. enzyme respiration
A. spontaneous mutation

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does the bicoid protein activate?\n\nChoices:\nP. several gap genes\nR. amino acid production\nS. enzyme respiration\nA. spontaneous mutation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The bicoid protein activates a number of gap genes. Bicoid encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, and is expressed in a gradient within the embryo. Bicoid positions gap and pair rule gene expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing Drosophila embryo."}


Prompt:
Cardiac muscle normally has what kind of oxygen-using metabolism?

Choices:
D. glucose
M. digestive
E. aerobic
T. anarobic

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Cardiac muscle normally has what kind of oxygen-using metabolism?\n\nChoices:\nD. glucose\nM. digestive\nE. aerobic\nT. anarobic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Cardiac Muscle Metabolism Normally, cardiac muscle metabolism is entirely aerobic. Oxygen from the lungs is brought to the heart, and every other organ, attached to the hemoglobin molecules within the erythrocytes. Heart cells also store appreciable amounts of oxygen in myoglobin. Normally, these two mechanisms, circulating oxygen and oxygen attached to myoglobin, can supply sufficient oxygen to the heart, even during peak performance. Fatty acids and glucose from the circulation are broken down"}


Prompt:
Lemonade tastes like

Choices:
S. citrus
G. apples
D. strawberries
A. bananas

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Lemonade tastes like\n\nChoices:\nS. citrus\nG. apples\nD. strawberries\nA. bananas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Which of the following statements is true about the architectural styles represented in Rensselaer Courthouse Square Historic District?

Choices:
N. The district only includes examples of Classical Revival and Art Deco architecture.
F. The district developed between about 1868 and 1955, but it does not include any notable examples of Art Deco or Modern style architecture.
D. The district encompasses 37 contributing buildings, 2 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects, but it does not include the separately listed Jasper County Courthouse.
Q. The district includes notable examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, Classical Revival, Art Deco, and Modern style architecture.
M. The district only includes examples of Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of the following statements is true about the architectural styles represented in Rensselaer Courthouse Square Historic District?\n\nChoices:\nN. The district only includes examples of Classical Revival and Art Deco architecture.\nF. The district developed between about 1868 and 1955, but it does not include any notable examples of Art Deco or Modern style architecture.\nD. The district encompasses 37 contributing buildings, 2 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects, but it does not include the separately listed Jasper County Courthouse.\nQ. The district includes notable examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, Classical Revival, Art Deco, and Modern style architecture.\nM. The district only includes examples of Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
When the Earth's Northern axis is tilted away from the Sun the amount of daylight is

Choices:
P. lengthened
T. turned back
G. brighter
Q. shortened

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "When the Earth's Northern axis is tilted away from the Sun the amount of daylight is\n\nChoices:\nP. lengthened\nT. turned back\nG. brighter\nQ. shortened"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
An item placed on a balance will be

Choices:
E. classified
C. sorted
F. broken
S. measured

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "An item placed on a balance will be\n\nChoices:\nE. classified\nC. sorted\nF. broken\nS. measured"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Which position did Samuel Bowman hold within the Episcopal Church?

Choices:
D. A bishop of California within the Episcopal Church.
F. A bishop of Texas within the Episcopal Church.
K. A bishop of Massachusetts within the Episcopal Church.
T. A bishop of New York within the Episcopal Church.
O. A bishop of Pennsylvania within the Episcopal Church.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which position did Samuel Bowman hold within the Episcopal Church?\n\nChoices:\nD. A bishop of California within the Episcopal Church.\nF. A bishop of Texas within the Episcopal Church.\nK. A bishop of Massachusetts within the Episcopal Church.\nT. A bishop of New York within the Episcopal Church.\nO. A bishop of Pennsylvania within the Episcopal Church."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What does a pollinator pick up from its body and carry directly to another plant of the same species?

Choices:
B. seed
M. pollen
I. pathogen
P. spore

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does a pollinator pick up from its body and carry directly to another plant of the same species?\n\nChoices:\nB. seed\nM. pollen\nI. pathogen\nP. spore"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Wind-blown pollen might land anywhere and be wasted. Another adaptation solved this problem. Plants evolved traits that attract specific animal pollinators. Like the bee in Figure below , a pollinator picks up pollen on its body and carries it directly to another plant of the same species. This greatly increases the chance that fertilization will occur."}