Prompt:
The rising and sinking of warm and cooler material is called what?

Choices:
H. insulation
T. diffusion
E. convection
K. depression

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The rising and sinking of warm and cooler material is called what?\n\nChoices:\nH. insulation\nT. diffusion\nE. convection\nK. depression"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Hot lower mantle material rises upwards ( Figure below ). As it rises, it cools. At the top of the mantle it moves horizontally. Over time it becomes cool and dense enough that it sinks. Back at the bottom of the mantle, it travels horizontally. Eventually the material gets to the location where warm mantle material is rising. The rising and sinking of warm and cooler material is convection. The motion described creates a convection cell."}


Prompt:
What births live young?

Choices:
K. a modern sport utility vehicle
L. a feathered animal with a beak
N. a tail having tree dweller
E. a planet close to the sun

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What births live young?\n\nChoices:\nK. a modern sport utility vehicle\nL. a feathered animal with a beak\nN. a tail having tree dweller\nE. a planet close to the sun"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
What is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state?

Choices:
J. nuclear biology
L. nuclear chemistry
N. thermochemistry
H. thermobiology

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state?\n\nChoices:\nJ. nuclear biology\nL. nuclear chemistry\nN. thermochemistry\nH. thermobiology"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Thermochemistry is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state. When chemical reactions occur, some chemical bonds are broken, while new chemical bonds form. As a result of the rearrangement of atoms, the total chemical potential energy of the system either increases or decreases."}


Prompt:
Where did Matthew Victor Giordano play college football?

Choices:
D. Matthew Victor Giordano did not play college football.
G. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Clovis, California.
S. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at University of California, Berkeley.
C. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Fresno City College.
F. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Fresno City College and University of California, Berkeley.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where did Matthew Victor Giordano play college football?\n\nChoices:\nD. Matthew Victor Giordano did not play college football.\nG. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Clovis, California.\nS. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at University of California, Berkeley.\nC. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Fresno City College.\nF. Matthew Victor Giordano played college football at Fresno City College and University of California, Berkeley."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
A penguin must do what before molting?

Choices:
G. mate
R. increase muscle mass
N. hibernate
I. use muscle mass

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "A penguin must do what before molting?\n\nChoices:\nG. mate\nR. increase muscle mass\nN. hibernate\nI. use muscle mass"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
If a thing has both seeds and reproductive dust, it is

Choices:
A. a consumer
N. a marine mammal
G. a meat source
P. a producer

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a thing has both seeds and reproductive dust, it is\n\nChoices:\nA. a consumer\nN. a marine mammal\nG. a meat source\nP. a producer"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Despite its small size, an erythrocyte contains about 250 million molecules of what?

Choices:
B. hemoglobin
L. calcium
F. potassium
T. plasma

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Despite its small size, an erythrocyte contains about 250 million molecules of what?\n\nChoices:\nB. hemoglobin\nL. calcium\nF. potassium\nT. plasma"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for the transfer of heat by a current?

Choices:
Q. radiation
H. conduction
L. diffusion
E. convection

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the transfer of heat by a current?\n\nChoices:\nQ. radiation\nH. conduction\nL. diffusion\nE. convection"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Convection is the transfer of heat by a current. Convection happens in a liquid or a gas. Air near the ground is warmed by heat radiating from Earth's surface. The warm air is less dense, so it rises. As it rises, it cools. The cool air is dense, so it sinks to the surface. This creates a convection current ( Figure below ). Convection is the most important way that heat travels in the atmosphere."}


Prompt:
Context:
This transformation from a plant to a finished product involves three types of economic activities.
These are primary, secondary and tertiary activities. Primary activities include all those
connected with extraction and production of natural resources. Agriculture, fishing and gathering
are good examples. Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of these resources.
Manufacturing of steel, baking of bread and weaving of cloth are examples of this activity.
Tertiary activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.
Transport, trade, banking, insurance and advertising are examples of tertiary activities.
Agriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing
of livestock. In the world, 50 per cent of persons are engaged in agricultural activity. Two-thirds
of India's population is still dependent on agriculture. Favourable topography of soil and climate
are vital for agricultural activity. The land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land .
In the map you can see that agricultural activity is concentrated in those regions of the world
where suitable factors for the growing of crops exist.
Agriculture The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is
also called farming.
Sericulture Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the farmer.
Pisciculture Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.
Viticulture Cultivation of grapes.
Horticulture Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.
Farm System Agriculture or farming can be looked at as a system. The important inputs are
seeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour. Some of the operations involved are ploughing, sowing,
irrigation, weeding and harvesting. The outputs from the system include crops, wool, dairy and
poultry products. Types of Farming Farming is practised in various ways across the world.
Depending upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of
technology, farming can be classified into two main types. These are subsistence farming and
commercial farming. Subsistence Farming This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of
the farmer's family. Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to
produce on small output. Subsistence farming can be further classified as intensive subsistence
and primitive subsistence farming. In intensive subsistence agriculture the farmer cultivates a
small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Climate with large number of days with
sunshine and fertile soils permit growing of more than one crop annually on the same plot. Rice
is the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds. Intensive subsistence
agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south,
southeast and east Asia. Primitive subsistence agriculture includes shifting cultivation and
no

Question:
Which two crops are essential for the textile industry?

Choices:
P. Cotton and Jute
G. Rice and Wheat
S. Maize and Millets (Hard)
D. Tea and Coffee

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nThis transformation from a plant to a finished product involves three types of economic activities.\nThese are primary, secondary and tertiary activities. Primary activities include all those\nconnected with extraction and production of natural resources. Agriculture, fishing and gathering\nare good examples. Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of these resources.\nManufacturing of steel, baking of bread and weaving of cloth are examples of this activity.\nTertiary activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.\nTransport, trade, banking, insurance and advertising are examples of tertiary activities.\nAgriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing\nof livestock. In the world, 50 per cent of persons are engaged in agricultural activity. Two-thirds\nof India's population is still dependent on agriculture. Favourable topography of soil and climate\nare vital for agricultural activity. The land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land .\nIn the map you can see that agricultural activity is concentrated in those regions of the world\nwhere suitable factors for the growing of crops exist.\nAgriculture The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is\nalso called farming.\nSericulture Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the farmer.\nPisciculture Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.\nViticulture Cultivation of grapes.\nHorticulture Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.\nFarm System Agriculture or farming can be looked at as a system. The important inputs are\nseeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour. Some of the operations involved are ploughing, sowing,\nirrigation, weeding and harvesting. The outputs from the system include crops, wool, dairy and\npoultry products. Types of Farming Farming is practised in various ways across the world.\nDepending upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of\ntechnology, farming can be classified into two main types. These are subsistence farming and\ncommercial farming. Subsistence Farming This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of\nthe farmer's family. Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to\nproduce on small output. Subsistence farming can be further classified as intensive subsistence\nand primitive subsistence farming. In intensive subsistence agriculture the farmer cultivates a\nsmall plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Climate with large number of days with\nsunshine and fertile soils permit growing of more than one crop annually on the same plot. Rice\nis the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds. Intensive subsistence\nagriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south,\nsoutheast and east Asia. Primitive subsistence agriculture includes shifting cultivation and\nno\n\nQuestion:\nWhich two crops are essential for the textile industry?\n\nChoices:\nP. Cotton and Jute\nG. Rice and Wheat\nS. Maize and Millets (Hard)\nD. Tea and Coffee"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Which title did the Butler family NOT produce throughout their prominence in the administration of Ireland?

Choices:
D. Baron Cahir
J. Duke of Ormonde
T. Marquess of Ormonde
A. Earl of Carrick
Q. Viscount Mountgarret

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which title did the Butler family NOT produce throughout their prominence in the administration of Ireland?\n\nChoices:\nD. Baron Cahir\nJ. Duke of Ormonde\nT. Marquess of Ormonde\nA. Earl of Carrick\nQ. Viscount Mountgarret"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Draining the rain with a rain gutter onto bare ground through a spout will

Choices:
F. make the ground underneath contain less soil
L. cause the ground to become very hard
D. draw up more water from underground
B. attract more dirt to where the water is falling

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Draining the rain with a rain gutter onto bare ground through a spout will\n\nChoices:\nF. make the ground underneath contain less soil\nL. cause the ground to become very hard\nD. draw up more water from underground\nB. attract more dirt to where the water is falling"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What does interspecific competition between species often lead to?

Choices:
D. extinction
J. evolution
R. symbiosis
T. immigration

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What does interspecific competition between species often lead to?\n\nChoices:\nD. extinction\nJ. evolution\nR. symbiosis\nT. immigration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Interspecific competition often leads to extinction . The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the resources that both species need. As a result, members of that species are less likely to survive, and the species may go extinct."}


Prompt:
What is needed to make an island?

Choices:
R. boat
T. tree
K. volcano
B. coral

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is needed to make an island?\n\nChoices:\nR. boat\nT. tree\nK. volcano\nB. coral"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
What happens to a cell's efficiency as it grows in size?

Choices:
C. splits in half
A. decreases
F. multiplies
L. increases

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What happens to a cell's efficiency as it grows in size?\n\nChoices:\nC. splits in half\nA. decreases\nF. multiplies\nL. increases"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Small size, in general, is necessary for all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Let's examine why that is so. First, we'll consider the area and volume of a typical cell. Not all cells are spherical in shape, but most tend to approximate a sphere. You may remember from your high school geometry course that the formula for the surface area of a sphere is 4πr2, while the formula for its volume is 4πr3/3. Thus, as the radius of a cell increases, its surface area increases as the square of it"}


Prompt:
Beta decay occurs when a nucleus has too few of what relative to protons?

Choices:
A. nuclei
G. protons
R. electrons
T. neutrons

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Beta decay occurs when a nucleus has too few of what relative to protons?\n\nChoices:\nA. nuclei\nG. protons\nR. electrons\nT. neutrons"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "Beta decay occurs when a nucleus is unstable because it has too many or too few neutrons relative to protons. The nucleus emits a beta particle and energy. A beta particle is either an electron (beta-minus decay) or a positron (beta-plus decay)."}


Prompt:
When a song is played your ears can

Choices:
G. rearrange the pitch
Q. perceive the rhythm
O. change the source
I. hum the tune

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "When a song is played your ears can\n\nChoices:\nG. rearrange the pitch\nQ. perceive the rhythm\nO. change the source\nI. hum the tune"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis work to flex what part of the body?

Choices:
T. foot
S. leg
H. lungs
F. forearm

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis work to flex what part of the body?\n\nChoices:\nT. foot\nS. leg\nH. lungs\nF. forearm"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "extensors are the triceps brachii and anconeus. The pronators are the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus, and the supinator is the only one that turns the forearm anteriorly. When the forearm faces anteriorly, it is supinated. When the forearm faces posteriorly, it is pronated. The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis flex the forearm. The two-headed biceps brachii crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm, also taking part in supinating the forearm at the radio"}


Prompt:
Which is evidence that the United States workforce is largely a meritocracy?

Choices:
O. Job opportunities are decreasing for midlevel jobs.
D. Women tend to make less than men do for the same job.
K. Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs.
E. Job opportunities are increasing for highly skilled jobs.

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is evidence that the United States workforce is largely a meritocracy?\n\nChoices:\nO. Job opportunities are decreasing for midlevel jobs.\nD. Women tend to make less than men do for the same job.\nK. Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs.\nE. Job opportunities are increasing for highly skilled jobs."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 2040, "id": 2040, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Which type of isomers generally have lower boiling and melting points than straight-chain isomers?

Choices:
L. branched-chain isomers
K. straight-chain isomers
A. branched-looping isomers
Q. branched - solar isomers

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which type of isomers generally have lower boiling and melting points than straight-chain isomers?\n\nChoices:\nL. branched-chain isomers\nK. straight-chain isomers\nA. branched-looping isomers\nQ. branched - solar isomers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Because isomers are different compounds, they have different properties. Generally, branched-chain isomers have lower boiling and melting points than straight-chain isomers. For example, the boiling and melting points of iso -butane are -12 °C and -160 °C, respectively, compared with 0 °C and -138 °C for n -butane. The more branching there is, the lower the boiling and melting points are."}


Prompt:
In which ways may sponges reproduce?

Choices:
C. sexually and asexually
E. internally and externally
Q. sexually and vertically
D. meiosis and mitosis

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which ways may sponges reproduce?\n\nChoices:\nC. sexually and asexually\nE. internally and externally\nQ. sexually and vertically\nD. meiosis and mitosis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "The sponge life cycle includes sexual reproduction. Sponges may also reproduce asexually."}


Prompt:
The mass of ground sliding down an embankment can be propagated by what?

Choices:
P. global warming
R. forest fires
L. a storm
J. trees growing

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The mass of ground sliding down an embankment can be propagated by what?\n\nChoices:\nP. global warming\nR. forest fires\nL. a storm\nJ. trees growing"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What part of the body does caffeine stimulate?

Choices:
T. sympathetic nervous system
S. large nervous system
A. autonomic nervous system
C. central nervous system

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What part of the body does caffeine stimulate?\n\nChoices:\nT. sympathetic nervous system\nS. large nervous system\nA. autonomic nervous system\nC. central nervous system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Some psychoactive drugs, such as caffeine, stimulate the central nervous system. They may make the user feel more alert. Some psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, depress the central nervous system. They may make the user feel more relaxed. Still other psychoactive drugs, such as marijuana, are hallucinogenic drugs. They may make the user have altered sensations, perceptions, or thoughts."}


Prompt:
Vertebrates evolved from primitive forms of which creature?

Choices:
F. cephalopods
O. eukaryotes
R. chordates
J. gastropods

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Vertebrates evolved from primitive forms of which creature?\n\nChoices:\nF. cephalopods\nO. eukaryotes\nR. chordates\nJ. gastropods"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Vertebrates evolved from primitive chordates. This occurred about 550 million years ago. The earliest vertebrates may have been jawless fish, like the hagfish in Figure below . Vertebrates evolved a backbone to replace the notochord after the embryo stage. They also evolved a cranium, or bony skull, to enclose and protect the brain."}


Prompt:
What was the role of Victor Frederick William Cavendish-Bentinck, 9th Duke of Portland, during the Second World War?

Choices:
H. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck played a leading role in developing military strategies and tactics.
O. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was responsible for coordinating diplomatic efforts between Britain and Poland.
L. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was a notable businessman who supported war efforts financially.
C. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck served as Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee during the war.
R. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was a key advisor to Winston Churchill during the war.

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What was the role of Victor Frederick William Cavendish-Bentinck, 9th Duke of Portland, during the Second World War?\n\nChoices:\nH. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck played a leading role in developing military strategies and tactics.\nO. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was responsible for coordinating diplomatic efforts between Britain and Poland.\nL. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was a notable businessman who supported war efforts financially.\nC. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck served as Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee during the war.\nR. Victor Cavendish-Bentinck was a key advisor to Winston Churchill during the war."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term used to describe the medical condition of bleeding in the front chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea?

Choices:
S. Hyphema
K. Myopia
P. Glaucoma
C. Conjunctivitis
J. Macular degeneration

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term used to describe the medical condition of bleeding in the front chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea?\n\nChoices:\nS. Hyphema\nK. Myopia\nP. Glaucoma\nC. Conjunctivitis\nJ. Macular degeneration"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Proteins may be defined as compounds of high molar mass consisting largely or entirely of chains of these?

Choices:
F. fatty acids
B. amino acids
A. nucleic acids
N. enzymes

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "Proteins may be defined as compounds of high molar mass consisting largely or entirely of chains of these?\n\nChoices:\nF. fatty acids\nB. amino acids\nA. nucleic acids\nN. enzymes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Proteins may be defined as compounds of high molar mass consisting largely or entirely of chains of amino acids. Their masses range from several thousand to several million daltons (Da). In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, all proteins contain nitrogen and sulfur atoms, and many also contain phosphorus atoms and traces of other elements. Proteins serve a variety of roles in living organisms and are often classified by these biological roles, which are summarized in Table 18.1 \"Cla"}


Prompt:
What is Sylhet Gas Fields Limited?

Choices:
E. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a joint venture gas company between Bangladesh and a neighboring country. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.
F. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a government owned major gas company in Bangladesh. It is under Petrobangla and is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.
I. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a foreign multinational gas company operating in Bangladesh. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.
G. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a natural gas exploration and production company that operates globally. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.
M. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a privately owned major gas company in Bangladesh. It is under Petrobangla and is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Sylhet Gas Fields Limited?\n\nChoices:\nE. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a joint venture gas company between Bangladesh and a neighboring country. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.\nF. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a government owned major gas company in Bangladesh. It is under Petrobangla and is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.\nI. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a foreign multinational gas company operating in Bangladesh. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.\nG. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a natural gas exploration and production company that operates globally. It is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District.\nM. Sylhet Gas Fields Limited is a privately owned major gas company in Bangladesh. It is under Petrobangla and is headquartered in Haripur, Jaintapur, Sylhet District."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]


Prompt:
What is the division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

Choices:
Q. cytokinesis
R. electrolysis
E. metamorphosis
L. andronisis

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?\n\nChoices:\nQ. cytokinesis\nR. electrolysis\nE. metamorphosis\nL. andronisis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"support": "The second major step is cytokinesis . As in prokaryotic cells, the cytoplasm must divide. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells."}


Prompt:
What gas consisting of three oxygen atoms is found largely in the stratosphere?

Choices:
N. ozone
K. greenhouse
F. smog
L. carbon

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What gas consisting of three oxygen atoms is found largely in the stratosphere?\n\nChoices:\nN. ozone\nK. greenhouse\nF. smog\nL. carbon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Air also includes water vapor. The amount of water vapor varies from place to place. That's why water vapor isn't included in Figure above . It can make up as much as 4 percent of the air. Ozone is a molecule made of three oxygen atoms. Ozone collects in a layer in the stratosphere."}


Prompt:
What is the effect of high levels of ADP?

Choices:
R. increase the activity of the enzyme
Q. have no effect on the activity of the enzyme
A. decrease the activity of the enzyme
S. slow down the pathway

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the effect of high levels of ADP?\n\nChoices:\nR. increase the activity of the enzyme\nQ. have no effect on the activity of the enzyme\nA. decrease the activity of the enzyme\nS. slow down the pathway"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 3347, "id": 3347, "original_answer": "A", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What type of distance is caused by the force you apply to a machine over a given distance?

Choices:
N. response distance
M. force distance
J. accumulation distance
A. input distance

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of distance is caused by the force you apply to a machine over a given distance?\n\nChoices:\nN. response distance\nM. force distance\nJ. accumulation distance\nA. input distance"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The force you apply to a machine is applied over a given distance, called the input distance. The force applied by the machine to the object is also applied over a distance, called the output distance. The output distance may or may not be the same as the input distance."}


Prompt:
What is likely to be the most direct result of offshore oil leaking?

Choices:
O. oil pollutes cities
R. oil harms ocean life
B. oil harms forests
Q. oil ruins farmland

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is likely to be the most direct result of offshore oil leaking?\n\nChoices:\nO. oil pollutes cities\nR. oil harms ocean life\nB. oil harms forests\nQ. oil ruins farmland"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
What is the elimination of self-reactive thymocytes called?

Choices:
D. tolerance.
N. positive selection.
T. negative selection.
P. clonal selection.

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the elimination of self-reactive thymocytes called?\n\nChoices:\nD. tolerance.\nN. positive selection.\nT. negative selection.\nP. clonal selection."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1295, "id": 1295, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
which one of these places would a person have the least need for a clothes dryer?

Choices:
H. in a humid cave
T. in the tropical rain forest
E. in a wet town
I. in the hot desert

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "which one of these places would a person have the least need for a clothes dryer?\n\nChoices:\nH. in a humid cave\nT. in the tropical rain forest\nE. in a wet town\nI. in the hot desert"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
What exciting and evolving field of physics finds that nature on the smallest scale may have its greatest influence on the large-scale character of the universe?

Choices:
J. astrophysics
M. biophysics
L. particle physics
N. proteins physics

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What exciting and evolving field of physics finds that nature on the smallest scale may have its greatest influence on the large-scale character of the universe?\n\nChoices:\nJ. astrophysics\nM. biophysics\nL. particle physics\nN. proteins physics"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "This chapter covers the basics of particle physics as we know it today. An amazing convergence of topics is evolving in particle physics. We find that some particles are intimately related to forces, and that nature on the smallest scale may have its greatest influence on the large-scale character of the universe. It is an adventure exceeding the best science fiction because it is not only fantastic, it is real."}


Prompt:
Because arthropod appendages are jointed, they can do what?

Choices:
R. fly
T. rotate
A. eat
F. bend

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Because arthropod appendages are jointed, they can do what?\n\nChoices:\nR. fly\nT. rotate\nA. eat\nF. bend"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Because arthropod appendages are jointed, they can bend. This makes them flexible. Jointed appendages on the body are usually used as legs for walking or jumping. Jointed appendages on the head may be modified for other purposes. Head appendages often include upper and lower jaws. Jaws are used for eating and may also be used for defense. Sensory organs such as eyes and antennae are also found on the head. You can see some of these head appendages on the bee in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
What is Haparanda FF?

Choices:
T. Haparanda FF is a basketball club located in Haparanda.
B. Haparanda FF is a swimming club located in Haparanda.
E. Haparanda FF is a tennis club located in Haparanda.
I. Haparanda FF is a rugby club located in Haparanda.
O. Haparanda FF is a football club located in Haparanda.

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is Haparanda FF?\n\nChoices:\nT. Haparanda FF is a basketball club located in Haparanda.\nB. Haparanda FF is a swimming club located in Haparanda.\nE. Haparanda FF is a tennis club located in Haparanda.\nI. Haparanda FF is a rugby club located in Haparanda.\nO. Haparanda FF is a football club located in Haparanda."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
What do we call people who are trained to make specific dietary recommendations to address particular issues relating to health?

Choices:
F. dietitians
R. geologists
H. clinicians
C. pulmonologists

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call people who are trained to make specific dietary recommendations to address particular issues relating to health?\n\nChoices:\nF. dietitians\nR. geologists\nH. clinicians\nC. pulmonologists"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Career Focus: Dietitian A dietitian is a nutrition expert who communicates food-related information to the general public. In doing so, dietitians promote the general well-being among the population and help individuals recover from nutritionally related illnesses. Our diet does not just supply us with energy. We also get vitamins, minerals, and even water from what we eat. Eating too much, too little, or not enough of the right foods can lead to a variety of problems. Dietitians are trained to "}


Prompt:
which of these usually occur over the shortest period?

Choices:
Q. all of these
F. a torrential rain fall
C. a super size earthquake
K. the eruption of a volcano

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "which of these usually occur over the shortest period?\n\nChoices:\nQ. all of these\nF. a torrential rain fall\nC. a super size earthquake\nK. the eruption of a volcano"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
From which distance will an object look the biggest?

Choices:
J. 1 mile
Q. 4 feet
N. 1 kilometer
R. 30 feet

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "From which distance will an object look the biggest?\n\nChoices:\nJ. 1 mile\nQ. 4 feet\nN. 1 kilometer\nR. 30 feet"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
The most basic division of land plants is between what type of plants?

Choices:
N. succulents and conifers
P. deciduous and evergreen
L. nonvascular and vascular
H. perennial and annual

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "The most basic division of land plants is between what type of plants?\n\nChoices:\nN. succulents and conifers\nP. deciduous and evergreen\nL. nonvascular and vascular\nH. perennial and annual"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "The scientific classification of modern land plants is under constant revision. Informally, land plants can be classified into the groups listed in Table below . The most basic division is between nonvascular and vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that reproduce with seeds. Seed plants, in turn, are divided into those that produce seeds in cones and those that produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers. You can read more about each"}


Prompt:
A person wants to get better acquainted with dogs, since they have a serious fear of them. This fear was probably

Choices:
N. learned
R. scared
P. rare
F. inherited

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person wants to get better acquainted with dogs, since they have a serious fear of them. This fear was probably\n\nChoices:\nN. learned\nR. scared\nP. rare\nF. inherited"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
An example of lots kinetic energy would be

Choices:
N. sitting without moving anywhere
F. Drinking a cold glass of water
C. An aircraft taking a trip
J. A snail moving across the sidewalk

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "An example of lots kinetic energy would be\n\nChoices:\nN. sitting without moving anywhere\nF. Drinking a cold glass of water\nC. An aircraft taking a trip\nJ. A snail moving across the sidewalk"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
What is the nearest major city to the community of Tedrow in Fulton County, Ohio?

Choices:
A. Cleveland
E. Columbus
R. Toledo
F. Dayton
O. Wauseon

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the nearest major city to the community of Tedrow in Fulton County, Ohio?\n\nChoices:\nA. Cleveland\nE. Columbus\nR. Toledo\nF. Dayton\nO. Wauseon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
If a tree burns down, it can be made right by

Choices:
B. visiting a rain forest
P. reading about it in the paper
J. placing seed in dirt
I. buying a plastic tree

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "If a tree burns down, it can be made right by\n\nChoices:\nB. visiting a rain forest\nP. reading about it in the paper\nJ. placing seed in dirt\nI. buying a plastic tree"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
What is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value?

Choices:
O. the density
R. the median
M. the sample
A. the range

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value?\n\nChoices:\nO. the density\nR. the median\nM. the sample\nA. the range"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "The range is the total spread of values. It gives you an idea of the variation in the measurements. The range is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value. For the data in Table above , the range in numbers of vehicles by type is: 150 - 50 = 100."}


Prompt:
Bacteria and archaea that survive under extreme conditions are called?

Choices:
K. rotifers
H. carotenoids
T. extremophiles
R. audiophiles

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "Bacteria and archaea that survive under extreme conditions are called?\n\nChoices:\nK. rotifers\nH. carotenoids\nT. extremophiles\nR. audiophiles"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]

{"support": "phototrophs and began the oxygenation of the atmosphere. The increase in oxygen concentration allowed the evolution of other life forms. Fossilized microbial mats are called stromatolites and consist of laminated organo-sedimentary structures formed by precipitation of minerals by prokaryotes. They represent the earliest fossil record of life on Earth. Bacteria and archaea grow in virtually every environment. Those that survive under extreme conditions are called extremophiles (extreme lovers). "}


Prompt:
The majority of species in the phylum chordata are found in what subphylum, which includes animals ranging from lampreys to mammals?

Choices:
R. lophotrochozoa
M. vertebrates
O. organelles
D. tardigrada

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "The majority of species in the phylum chordata are found in what subphylum, which includes animals ranging from lampreys to mammals?\n\nChoices:\nR. lophotrochozoa\nM. vertebrates\nO. organelles\nD. tardigrada"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Chordates The majority of species in the phylum Chordata are found in the subphylum Vertebrata, which include many species with which we are familiar. The vertebrates contain more than 60,000 described species, divided into major groupings of the lampreys, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Animals in the phylum Chordata share four key features that appear at some stage of their development: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail (Figure 15"}


Prompt:
What is the most important factor in soil formation?

Choices:
E. fertilizer
T. worms
M. climate
A. carbon

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the most important factor in soil formation?\n\nChoices:\nE. fertilizer\nT. worms\nM. climate\nA. carbon"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Climate is the most important factor in soil formation. The climate of a region is the result of its temperature and rainfall. We can identify different climates by the plants that grow there ( Figure below )."}


Prompt:
Steam actually consists of tiny droplets of liquid what?

Choices:
Q. lead
I. methane
G. water
H. mercury

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Steam actually consists of tiny droplets of liquid what?\n\nChoices:\nQ. lead\nI. methane\nG. water\nH. mercury"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Steam actually consists of tiny droplets of liquid water. What you can't see in the picture is the water vapor that is also present in the air above the spring. Water vapor is water in the gaseous state. It constantly rises up from the surface of boiling hot water. Why? At high temperatures, particles of a liquid gain enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them, so they change to a gas. The gas forms bubbles that rise to the surface of the liquid because gas is less"}


Prompt:
Herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals compared to what?

Choices:
A. centipedes
S. arthropods
L. carnivores
N. mammals

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals compared to what?\n\nChoices:\nA. centipedes\nS. arthropods\nL. carnivores\nN. mammals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
In which direction does heat always flow through objects?

Choices:
D. from low to high
T. from cooler to hotter
J. from hotter to cooler
M. from left to right

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which direction does heat always flow through objects?\n\nChoices:\nD. from low to high\nT. from cooler to hotter\nJ. from hotter to cooler\nM. from left to right"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "The objects are at different temperatures, and heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object. This is always."}


Prompt:
What type of organisms collect the energy from the sun and turn it into organic compounds?

Choices:
A. autotrophs
E. heterotrophs
O. organelles
R. microbes

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of organisms collect the energy from the sun and turn it into organic compounds?\n\nChoices:\nA. autotrophs\nE. heterotrophs\nO. organelles\nR. microbes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "If a plant gets hungry, it cannot walk to a local restaurant and buy a slice of pizza. So, how does a plant get the food it needs to survive? Plants are producers , which means they are able to make, or produce, their own food. They also produce the \"food\" for other organisms. Plants are also autotrophs. Autotrophs are the organisms that collect the energy from the sun and turn it into organic compounds. Using the energy from the sun, they produce complex organic compounds from simple inorganic "}


Prompt:
If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?

Choices:
A. codominance
C. multiple alleles
M. incomplete dominance
D. dominance

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?\n\nChoices:\nA. codominance\nC. multiple alleles\nM. incomplete dominance\nD. dominance"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1532, "id": 1532, "original_answer": "D", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
What property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample?

Choices:
S. non-exact
T. provided
K. extensive
I. relative

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample?\n\nChoices:\nS. non-exact\nT. provided\nK. extensive\nI. relative"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "Some properties of matter depend on the size of the sample, while some do not. An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. A small sample of a certain type of matter will have a small mass, while a larger sample will have a greater mass. Another extensive property is volume . The volume of an object is a measure of the space that is occupied by that object."}


Prompt:
The world changes over time, and an example of this could be

Choices:
E. cities buried under lava rock
F. sand covering a beach front
J. seas having saltwater in them
L. a lake hosting hundreds of fish

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "The world changes over time, and an example of this could be\n\nChoices:\nE. cities buried under lava rock\nF. sand covering a beach front\nJ. seas having saltwater in them\nL. a lake hosting hundreds of fish"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra?

Choices:
K. They grow better at cold temperatures.
J. They do not require moisture.
Q. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.
T. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra?\n\nChoices:\nK. They grow better at cold temperatures.\nJ. They do not require moisture.\nQ. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.\nT. There are no herbivores in the tundra."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 407, "id": 407, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Bony fish can live in either of what type of aquatic biome?

Choices:
O. estuaries or saltwater
A. oceans or estuaries
G. saltwater or freshwater
K. coral reefs or freshwater

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Bony fish can live in either of what type of aquatic biome?\n\nChoices:\nO. estuaries or saltwater\nA. oceans or estuaries\nG. saltwater or freshwater\nK. coral reefs or freshwater"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Bony fish may live in salt water or freshwater. They consume a wide range of foods. For example, they may eat algae, smaller fish, detritus, or dead organisms, depending on the species of fish."}


Prompt:
What do we call the study of life and living things?

Choices:
H. engineering
I. chemistry
L. physics
M. life science

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do we call the study of life and living things?\n\nChoices:\nH. engineering\nI. chemistry\nL. physics\nM. life science"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Life science is the study of life and living things. Living things are also called organisms . Life science is often referred to as biology. Life scientists work in many different settings, from classrooms to labs to natural habitats. Dr. Katherine Smith, who is pictured in Figure below is a life scientist who works for NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). She studies freshwater shrimp and fish in their natural habitats."}


Prompt:
Life sustaining substances are required for

Choices:
G. zebras
J. air
H. the sun
A. plastic

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Life sustaining substances are required for\n\nChoices:\nG. zebras\nJ. air\nH. the sun\nA. plastic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
What is the main subject matter discussed in The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham?

Choices:
M. Stock market fluctuations
Q. Graham's personal life
C. Value investing
A. Psychological aspects of investing
T. History of investing

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main subject matter discussed in The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham?\n\nChoices:\nM. Stock market fluctuations\nQ. Graham's personal life\nC. Value investing\nA. Psychological aspects of investing\nT. History of investing"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]


Prompt:
How many embryonic cell layers do flatworms have?

Choices:
F. four
I. five
M. two
D. three

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "How many embryonic cell layers do flatworms have?\n\nChoices:\nF. four\nI. five\nM. two\nD. three"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]

{"support": "Flatworms have three embryonic cell layers. They have a mesoderm layer in addition to ectoderm and endoderm layers. The mesoderm layer allows flatworms to develop muscle tissues so they can move easily over solid surfaces."}


Prompt:
The energy released during an earthquake is called what?

Choices:
A. hydro
O. tidal
Q. radiation
M. magnitude

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "The energy released during an earthquake is called what?\n\nChoices:\nA. hydro\nO. tidal\nQ. radiation\nM. magnitude"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "The ways seismologists measure an earthquake have changed over the decades. Initially, they could only measure what people felt and saw, the intensity. Now they can measure the energy released during the quake, the magnitude."}


Prompt:
What defines the behavior of a compound?

Choices:
C. group of atoms
F. location of atoms
M. size of atoms
A. area of atoms

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What defines the behavior of a compound?\n\nChoices:\nC. group of atoms\nF. location of atoms\nM. size of atoms\nA. area of atoms"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "In a compound, a group of atoms that define the behavior of the compound."}


Prompt:
What are the two types of properties that matter has?

Choices:
S. nature and purpose
D. size and shape
Q. composition and weight
A. physical and chemical

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are the two types of properties that matter has?\n\nChoices:\nS. nature and purpose\nD. size and shape\nQ. composition and weight\nA. physical and chemical"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Matter has both physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance."}


Prompt:
Which requires respiration to use energy?

Choices:
S. oil well
B. car
P. skunk
C. solar collector

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which requires respiration to use energy?\n\nChoices:\nS. oil well\nB. car\nP. skunk\nC. solar collector"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
What is the location of the village Handley mentioned in the excerpt?

Choices:
B. Handley is located along the A41 road, which has been re-routed further to the east.
D. Handley is located in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester, England.
F. Handley is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Tattenhall.
R. Handley is located in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.
O. Handley is located north west of the hamlet of Milton Green.

Answer: D

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the location of the village Handley mentioned in the excerpt?\n\nChoices:\nB. Handley is located along the A41 road, which has been re-routed further to the east.\nD. Handley is located in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester, England.\nF. Handley is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Tattenhall.\nR. Handley is located in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.\nO. Handley is located north west of the hamlet of Milton Green."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{D}"}]


Prompt:
What process joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote?

Choices:
R. fertilization
I. migration
D. fusion
P. embryo

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What process joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote?\n\nChoices:\nR. fertilization\nI. migration\nD. fusion\nP. embryo"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "Fertilization joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote."}


Prompt:
What is the enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein called?

Choices:
R. opsonization
C. endocytosis
M. complement activation
E. anaphylaxis

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein called?\n\nChoices:\nR. opsonization\nC. endocytosis\nM. complement activation\nE. anaphylaxis"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1291, "id": 1291, "original_answer": "B", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
A golden eagle will hunt using its talons to collect

Choices:
O. berries
S. groupers
L. humans
E. bears

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "A golden eagle will hunt using its talons to collect\n\nChoices:\nO. berries\nS. groupers\nL. humans\nE. bears"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
The air pressure is about 80% that of ________ pressure at sea level.

Choices:
P. standard atmospheric
A. specific atmospheric
J. internal atmospheric
N. adverse atmospheric

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "The air pressure is about 80% that of ________ pressure at sea level.\n\nChoices:\nP. standard atmospheric\nA. specific atmospheric\nJ. internal atmospheric\nN. adverse atmospheric"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The air pressure is about 80% that of standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. For significant figure purposes, the standard pressure of 760 mmHg has three significant figures."}


Prompt:
We are trying to use air as sources of energy because there is an infinite amount of it, same with water. These are two examples of

Choices:
L. Limited resources
H. Coal sources
K. Renewable resources
O. Fossil Fuels

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "We are trying to use air as sources of energy because there is an infinite amount of it, same with water. These are two examples of\n\nChoices:\nL. Limited resources\nH. Coal sources\nK. Renewable resources\nO. Fossil Fuels"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
Ecologists already use the abilities of many prokaryotes to carry out bioremediation of soils and what else?

Choices:
P. water
C. plasma
J. gas
L. air

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Ecologists already use the abilities of many prokaryotes to carry out bioremediation of soils and what else?\n\nChoices:\nP. water\nC. plasma\nJ. gas\nL. air"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]


Prompt:
Having extra chromosomes or damaged chromosomes can cause what?

Choices:
O. problems
N. diseases
D. deformities
I. disorders

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "Having extra chromosomes or damaged chromosomes can cause what?\n\nChoices:\nO. problems\nN. diseases\nD. deformities\nI. disorders"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]

{"support": "Some children are born with genetic defects that are not carried by a single gene. Instead, an error in a larger part of the chromosome or even in an entire chromosome causes the disorder. Usually the error happens when the egg or sperm is forming. Having extra chromosomes or damaged chromosomes can cause disorders."}


Prompt:
What are animals that eat a prey animal?

Choices:
C. predators
N. carnivores
G. scavengers
D. herbivores

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "What are animals that eat a prey animal?\n\nChoices:\nC. predators\nN. carnivores\nG. scavengers\nD. herbivores"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "Predators are animals that eat a prey animal. Scavengers eat organisms that are already dead. Decomposers break down dead plants and animals into component parts, including nutrients."}


Prompt:
In which racing championship has Sarah Bovy recently competed with the Iron Dames team?

Choices:
G. NASCAR Cup Series
T. Formula 1
L. MotoGP
O. FIA World Endurance Championship
H. W Series

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which racing championship has Sarah Bovy recently competed with the Iron Dames team?\n\nChoices:\nG. NASCAR Cup Series\nT. Formula 1\nL. MotoGP\nO. FIA World Endurance Championship\nH. W Series"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
Energy resources can be put into two categories — renewable or?

Choices:
S. precious
I. reusable
J. synthetic
N. nonrenewable

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Energy resources can be put into two categories — renewable or?\n\nChoices:\nS. precious\nI. reusable\nJ. synthetic\nN. nonrenewable"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Energy resources can be put into two categories — renewable or non-renewable. Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they can be replaced. Renewable resources can be replaced as quickly as they are used. Renewable resources may also be so abundant that running out is impossible."}


Prompt:
Sponges are part of what phylum, which gets its name from the latin for "having pores"?

Choices:
F. chordata
K. annelida
G. porifera
P. mammalia

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Sponges are part of what phylum, which gets its name from the latin for \"having pores\"?\n\nChoices:\nF. chordata\nK. annelida\nG. porifera\nP. mammalia"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Sponges ( Figure below ) are classified in the phylum Porifera, from the Latin words meaning \"having pores. \" These pores allow the movement of water into the sponges' sac-like bodies. Sponges must pump water through their bodies in order to eat. Because sponges are sessile , meaning they cannot move, they filter water to obtain their food. They are, therefore, known as filter feeders. Filter feeders must filter the water to separate out the organisms and nutrients they want to eat from those th"}


Prompt:
Where is La Selle-en-Hermoy located?

Choices:
M. The commune is in the La Selle region of France.
G. The commune is in the Hermoy region of France.
C. The commune is in the north-central region of France.
L. The commune is in the Loiret department.
H. The commune is in the Hermoy department.

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where is La Selle-en-Hermoy located?\n\nChoices:\nM. The commune is in the La Selle region of France.\nG. The commune is in the Hermoy region of France.\nC. The commune is in the north-central region of France.\nL. The commune is in the Loiret department.\nH. The commune is in the Hermoy department."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What type of organism does not need oxygen for growth and dies in its presence?

Choices:
M. acidic
F. anaerobic
I. symbiotic
S. aerobic

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "What type of organism does not need oxygen for growth and dies in its presence?\n\nChoices:\nM. acidic\nF. anaerobic\nI. symbiotic\nS. aerobic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "An anaerobic organism is any organism that does not need oxygen for growth and even dies in its presence. Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen. Clostridium perfringens bacteria, which are commonly found in soil around the world, are obligate anaerobes. Infection of a wound by C. perfringens bacteria causes the disease gas gangrene. Obligate anaerobes use molecules other than oxygen as terminal electron acceptors."}


Prompt:
The golgi apparatus works like a mail room by receiving and sending what?

Choices:
T. enzymes
K. proteins
B. particles
N. acids

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "The golgi apparatus works like a mail room by receiving and sending what?\n\nChoices:\nT. enzymes\nK. proteins\nB. particles\nN. acids"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]

{"support": "The Golgi apparatus works like a mail room. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER and puts \"shipping addresses\" on them. The Golgi then packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place in the cell or to the cell membrane. Some of these proteins are secreted from the cell (they exit the cell); others are placed into the cell membrane."}


Prompt:
What kind of muscle cells have a single nucleus and are spindle-shaped?

Choices:
Q. liquid muscle
F. cardiac muscle
N. smooth muscle
I. skeletal muscle

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of muscle cells have a single nucleus and are spindle-shaped?\n\nChoices:\nQ. liquid muscle\nF. cardiac muscle\nN. smooth muscle\nI. skeletal muscle"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "10.8 Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle is found throughout the body around various organs and tracts. Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus, and are spindle-shaped. Smooth muscle cells can undergo hyperplasia, mitotically dividing to produce new cells. The smooth cells are nonstriated, but their sarcoplasm is filled with actin and myosin, along with dense bodies in the sarcolemma to anchor the thin filaments and a network of intermediate filaments involved in pulling the sarcolemma toward the fibe"}


Prompt:
Which of these is a solution?

Choices:
G. clouds
A. milk
J. coke
I. water

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which of these is a solution?\n\nChoices:\nG. clouds\nA. milk\nJ. coke\nI. water"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]


Prompt:
When heat moves out of a system, what is the sign of the enthalpy?

Choices:
J. negative
P. positive
C. it depends
S. N/A (zero)

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "When heat moves out of a system, what is the sign of the enthalpy?\n\nChoices:\nJ. negative\nP. positive\nC. it depends\nS. N/A (zero)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "where H is the enthalpy of the system, E is the internal energy, P is the pressure, and V is the volume. It can be difficult to distinguish \"heat\" and \"enthalpy. \" Heat measures the transfer of thermal energy between two objects, and enthalpy measures the flow of heat. When heat flows out of a system, the change in enthalpy is negative; when heat flows into a system, the change in enthalpy is positive. Enthalpy is a useful tool for characterizing chemical reactions."}


Prompt:
In what kind of state are particles fixed in place relative to one another?

Choices:
P. liquid state
M. solid state
G. useful state
A. hybrid state

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "In what kind of state are particles fixed in place relative to one another?\n\nChoices:\nP. liquid state\nM. solid state\nG. useful state\nA. hybrid state"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "In the solid state, particles are fixed in place relative to one another. In the liquid and gas states, individual particles are free to move."}


Prompt:
A person may use water from a treatment plant so that it is

Choices:
A. free from ice
M. free from governments
G. free of chunks
N. free from wetness

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "A person may use water from a treatment plant so that it is\n\nChoices:\nA. free from ice\nM. free from governments\nG. free of chunks\nN. free from wetness"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]


Prompt:
if a person had one of these, they could live permanently under water

Choices:
C. a very big mouth
G. a very long nose
A. two hands and two legs
N. a gill for extracting gases

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "if a person had one of these, they could live permanently under water\n\nChoices:\nC. a very big mouth\nG. a very long nose\nA. two hands and two legs\nN. a gill for extracting gases"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]


Prompt:
Seeds can be dispersed through all sorts of creative ways, such as

Choices:
C. a man asks his dog if it wants some flowers
S. a man looks at a bed of flowers
R. a dog sneezes in a field and disrupts the air around plants
L. a person orders flowers from a florist

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "Seeds can be dispersed through all sorts of creative ways, such as\n\nChoices:\nC. a man asks his dog if it wants some flowers\nS. a man looks at a bed of flowers\nR. a dog sneezes in a field and disrupts the air around plants\nL. a person orders flowers from a florist"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Circadian rhythms and migration are examples of which behaviors?

Choices:
P. cyclic
K. regular
T. natural
Q. periodic

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "Circadian rhythms and migration are examples of which behaviors?\n\nChoices:\nP. cyclic\nK. regular\nT. natural\nQ. periodic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "Types of animal behavior include cyclic behaviors such as circadian rhythms and migration."}


Prompt:
What do animals do if their habitat cannot support them?

Choices:
H. fertilize the habitat
J. stay in area
P. fortify area
E. abandon it

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "What do animals do if their habitat cannot support them?\n\nChoices:\nH. fertilize the habitat\nJ. stay in area\nP. fortify area\nE. abandon it"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
In which situation would an animal shed fur?

Choices:
A. It is hot
M. It is angry
G. It is happy
N. It is cold

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "In which situation would an animal shed fur?\n\nChoices:\nA. It is hot\nM. It is angry\nG. It is happy\nN. It is cold"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]


Prompt:
Where are ribosomes made?

Choices:
C. the nucleolus
D. protoplasm
F. mitochondria
G. cell membrane

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where are ribosomes made?\n\nChoices:\nC. the nucleolus\nD. protoplasm\nF. mitochondria\nG. cell membrane"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "The nucleolus is inside the nucleus, and is where ribosomes are made."}


Prompt:
Receptors for what chemical messengers recognize molecules with specific shapes and side groups, and respond only to those that are recognized?

Choices:
O. hormones
A. enzymes
T. acids
N. chromosomes

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "Receptors for what chemical messengers recognize molecules with specific shapes and side groups, and respond only to those that are recognized?\n\nChoices:\nO. hormones\nA. enzymes\nT. acids\nN. chromosomes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "Pathways of Hormone Action The message a hormone sends is received by a hormone receptor, a protein located either inside the cell or within the cell membrane. The receptor will process the message by initiating other signaling events or cellular mechanisms that result in the target cell's response. Hormone receptors recognize molecules with specific shapes and side groups, and respond only to those hormones that are recognized. The same type of receptor may be located on cells in different body"}


Prompt:
What is the term for a partial degradation of glucose without the use of oxygen?

Choices:
O. fermentation
J. segregation
D. condensation
B. oxidation

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for a partial degradation of glucose without the use of oxygen?\n\nChoices:\nO. fermentation\nJ. segregation\nD. condensation\nB. oxidation"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]


Prompt:
If peas and carrots are planted alternately,

Choices:
I. dirt is refreshed
Q. fields are useless
H. water is poisoned
K. sand is dried

Answer: I

[{"role": "user", "content": "If peas and carrots are planted alternately,\n\nChoices:\nI. dirt is refreshed\nQ. fields are useless\nH. water is poisoned\nK. sand is dried"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{I}"}]


Prompt:
This creature is likely to hide away sustenance for the harsh wintry months

Choices:
P. a chihuahua
H. a chipmunk
O. a cat
Q. a cactus

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "This creature is likely to hide away sustenance for the harsh wintry months\n\nChoices:\nP. a chihuahua\nH. a chipmunk\nO. a cat\nQ. a cactus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
What can you find in a forest

Choices:
P. A car
R. remedies
C. A unicorn
H. Hogwarts

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What can you find in a forest\n\nChoices:\nP. A car\nR. remedies\nC. A unicorn\nH. Hogwarts"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
The tiny hair present on mucus membranes is known as?

Choices:
D. dendrites
B. collagen
F. cilia
G. tissue

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "The tiny hair present on mucus membranes is known as?\n\nChoices:\nD. dendrites\nB. collagen\nF. cilia\nG. tissue"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Mucous membranes provide a mechanical barrier at body openings. They also line the respiratory, GI, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Mucous membranes secrete mucus , a slimy substance that traps pathogens. The membranes also have hair-like cilia. The cilia sweep mucus and pathogens toward body openings where they can be removed from the body. When you sneeze or cough, pathogens are removed from the nose and throat (see Figure below ). Tears wash pathogens from the eyes, and urine flushes pathog"}


Prompt:
What occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure?

Choices:
A. evaporation
M. freezing
L. boiling
R. melting

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure?\n\nChoices:\nA. evaporation\nM. freezing\nL. boiling\nR. melting"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]

{"support": "Recall that boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Since adding a solute lowers the vapor pressure, we would expect a higher temperature to be required before boiling can begin. This phenomenon, known as boiling point elevation , occurs whenever a solute is dissolved into a pure solvent."}


Prompt:
A turtle may lay six eggs, and a sea turtle may lay a hundred eggs, and

Choices:
L. turtles will hatch more
F. turtles are warm blooded
R. animals can lay eggs
E. sea turtles will hatch more

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "A turtle may lay six eggs, and a sea turtle may lay a hundred eggs, and\n\nChoices:\nL. turtles will hatch more\nF. turtles are warm blooded\nR. animals can lay eggs\nE. sea turtles will hatch more"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
A plant can germinate in another place when a person rubs against its

Choices:
H. stems
C. roots
N. leaves
E. flowers

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "A plant can germinate in another place when a person rubs against its\n\nChoices:\nH. stems\nC. roots\nN. leaves\nE. flowers"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]


Prompt:
Vinegar is an example of what type of acid?

Choices:
M. carboxylic
R. carbonic
I. ascorbic
K. acetic

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "Vinegar is an example of what type of acid?\n\nChoices:\nM. carboxylic\nR. carbonic\nI. ascorbic\nK. acetic"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Carboxylic acid is a carbonyl in which in which the carbon atom is bonded to an OH group on one side and either a carbon or hydrogen atom on the other. Carboxylic acids are weak acids, for example, vinegar."}


Prompt:
What is the definition of extramedullary hematopoiesis?

Choices:
N. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring within the medulla of the bone.
G. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring within the medulla of the bone, exclusively in pathological conditions.
Q. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, regardless of whether it is a physiological or pathological process.
L. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, exclusively in pathological conditions.
H. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, exclusively in physiological conditions.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the definition of extramedullary hematopoiesis?\n\nChoices:\nN. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring within the medulla of the bone.\nG. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring within the medulla of the bone, exclusively in pathological conditions.\nQ. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, regardless of whether it is a physiological or pathological process.\nL. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, exclusively in pathological conditions.\nH. Extramedullary hematopoiesis refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone, exclusively in physiological conditions."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]


Prompt:
Which statement is correct?

Choices:
S. Activity-based cost systems are less costly than traditional cost systems.
Q. Activity-based cost systems are more accurate than traditional cost systems.
C. Activity-based cost systems are easier to implement than traditional cost systems.
A. Activity-based cost systems provide the same data as traditional cost systems.

Answer: Q

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which statement is correct?\n\nChoices:\nS. Activity-based cost systems are less costly than traditional cost systems.\nQ. Activity-based cost systems are more accurate than traditional cost systems.\nC. Activity-based cost systems are easier to implement than traditional cost systems.\nA. Activity-based cost systems provide the same data as traditional cost systems."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{Q}"}]

{"file": "eduqg_llm_formatted.csv", "row": 1111, "id": 1111, "original_answer": "C", "deduped_choices": true}


Prompt:
Many fungi protect themselves from parasites and predators by producing what?

Choices:
D. gaseous chemicals
T. ammonia
J. toxic chemicals
F. pheromes

Answer: J

[{"role": "user", "content": "Many fungi protect themselves from parasites and predators by producing what?\n\nChoices:\nD. gaseous chemicals\nT. ammonia\nJ. toxic chemicals\nF. pheromes"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{J}"}]

{"support": "Many fungi protect themselves from parasites and predators by producing toxic chemicals. If people eat toxic fungi, they may experience digestive problems, hallucinations, organ failure, and even death. Most cases of mushroom poisoning are due to mistaken identity. That's because many toxic mushrooms look very similar to safe, edible mushrooms. An example is shown in Figure below ."}


Prompt:
What is reciprocal length or inverse length?

Choices:
D. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in geography and geology. It is the reciprocal of area, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal square metre or inverse square metre (symbol: m−2), the reciprocal square kilometre or inverse square kilometre (symbol: km−2).
K. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics. It is the reciprocal of length, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre (symbol: m−1), the reciprocal centimetre or inverse centimetre (symbol: cm−1).
N. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in biology and medicine. It is the reciprocal of mass, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal gram or inverse gram (symbol: g−1), the reciprocal kilogram or inverse kilogram (symbol: kg−1).
P. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in economics and finance. It is the reciprocal of interest rate, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal percent or inverse percent (symbol: %−1), the reciprocal basis point or inverse basis point (symbol: bp−1).
M. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in physics and chemistry. It is the reciprocal of time, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal second or inverse second (symbol: s−1), the reciprocal minute or inverse minute (symbol: min−1).

Answer: K

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is reciprocal length or inverse length?\n\nChoices:\nD. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in geography and geology. It is the reciprocal of area, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal square metre or inverse square metre (symbol: m−2), the reciprocal square kilometre or inverse square kilometre (symbol: km−2).\nK. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics. It is the reciprocal of length, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre (symbol: m−1), the reciprocal centimetre or inverse centimetre (symbol: cm−1).\nN. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in biology and medicine. It is the reciprocal of mass, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal gram or inverse gram (symbol: g−1), the reciprocal kilogram or inverse kilogram (symbol: kg−1).\nP. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in economics and finance. It is the reciprocal of interest rate, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal percent or inverse percent (symbol: %−1), the reciprocal basis point or inverse basis point (symbol: bp−1).\nM. Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in physics and chemistry. It is the reciprocal of time, and common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal second or inverse second (symbol: s−1), the reciprocal minute or inverse minute (symbol: min−1)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{K}"}]


Prompt:
In what year was Syracuse's population recorded as 781 according to the census?

Choices:
J. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2010.
S. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2022.
M. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2018.
L. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2020.
Q. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2015.

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "In what year was Syracuse's population recorded as 781 according to the census?\n\nChoices:\nJ. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2010.\nS. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2022.\nM. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2018.\nL. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2020.\nQ. Syracuse's population was recorded in 2015."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
How does the sun generate energy?

Choices:
F. matter multiplication
N. certain fusion
H. nuclear fusion
L. atomic division

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "How does the sun generate energy?\n\nChoices:\nF. matter multiplication\nN. certain fusion\nH. nuclear fusion\nL. atomic division"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]

{"support": "Heat from a wood fire can boil a pot of water. If you put an egg in the pot, you can eat a hard boiled egg in 15 minutes (cool it down first!). The energy to cook the egg was stored in the wood. The wood got that energy from the Sun when it was part of a tree. The Sun generated the energy by nuclear fusion. You started the fire with a match. The head of the match stores energy as chemical energy. That energy lights the wood on fire. The fire burns as long as there is energy in the wood. Once the"}


Prompt:
Quantum chromodynamics combines what property with quark theory?

Choices:
E. color
F. mass
S. sound
H. contrast

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Quantum chromodynamics combines what property with quark theory?\n\nChoices:\nE. color\nF. mass\nS. sound\nH. contrast"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Why must hadrons be white? The color scheme is intentionally devised to explain why baryons have three quarks and mesons have a quark and an antiquark. Quark color is thought to be similar to charge, but with more values. An ion, by analogy, exerts much stronger forces than a neutral molecule. When the color of a combination of quarks is white, it is like a neutral atom. The forces a white particle exerts are like the polarization forces in molecules, but in hadrons these leftovers are the stron"}


Prompt:
What is the Peierls bracket in canonical quantization?

Choices:
K. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical tool used to generate the Euler-Lagrange equations in the canonical quantization method.
N. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical tool used to generate the Hamiltonian in the canonical quantization method.
I. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical symbol used to represent the quotient algebra in the canonical quantization method.
L. The Peierls bracket is a Poisson bracket derived from the action in the canonical quantization method that converts the quotient algebra into a Poisson algebra.
T. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical symbol used to represent the Poisson algebra in the canonical quantization method.

Answer: L

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the Peierls bracket in canonical quantization?\n\nChoices:\nK. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical tool used to generate the Euler-Lagrange equations in the canonical quantization method.\nN. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical tool used to generate the Hamiltonian in the canonical quantization method.\nI. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical symbol used to represent the quotient algebra in the canonical quantization method.\nL. The Peierls bracket is a Poisson bracket derived from the action in the canonical quantization method that converts the quotient algebra into a Poisson algebra.\nT. The Peierls bracket is a mathematical symbol used to represent the Poisson algebra in the canonical quantization method."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{L}"}]


Prompt:
What is the term for animals that defend their area?

Choices:
D. predatory
Q. Grazing
N. territorial
R. contain

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for animals that defend their area?\n\nChoices:\nD. predatory\nQ. Grazing\nN. territorial\nR. contain"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]

{"support": "Some species of animals are territorial . This means that they defend their area. The area they defend usually contains their nest and enough food for themselves and their offspring. A species is more likely to be territorial if there is not very much food in their area. Having a larger territory could mean more prey or food."}


Prompt:
What is the main subject of the album "Lieder die wie Wunden bluten" by L'Âme Immortelle?

Choices:
F. The impact of climate change on marine ecosystems.
K. The historical influence of Mozart's music on the modern pop genre.
S. The exploration of existential themes in contemporary literature.
M. The societal implications of technological advancement.
R. The emotional expressions of pain and suffering through darkwave music.

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the main subject of the album \"Lieder die wie Wunden bluten\" by L'Âme Immortelle?\n\nChoices:\nF. The impact of climate change on marine ecosystems.\nK. The historical influence of Mozart's music on the modern pop genre.\nS. The exploration of existential themes in contemporary literature.\nM. The societal implications of technological advancement.\nR. The emotional expressions of pain and suffering through darkwave music."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
Which is a function of the skeletal system?

Choices:
F. Thinking
C. Digestion
I. Breathing
S. Chewing

Answer: S

[{"role": "user", "content": "Which is a function of the skeletal system?\n\nChoices:\nF. Thinking\nC. Digestion\nI. Breathing\nS. Chewing"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{S}"}]


Prompt:
Where does egg production happen?

Choices:
E. ovaries
F. testes
K. fallopian tube
R. uterus

Answer: E

[{"role": "user", "content": "Where does egg production happen?\n\nChoices:\nE. ovaries\nF. testes\nK. fallopian tube\nR. uterus"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{E}"}]

{"support": "Egg production takes place in the ovaries. It takes several steps to make an egg:."}


Prompt:
What is the peak position achieved by the album "Sarah Buxton" on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart?

Choices:
T. Number 23
P. Number 25
M. Number 35
K. Number 30
N. Number 20

Answer: T

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the peak position achieved by the album \"Sarah Buxton\" on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart?\n\nChoices:\nT. Number 23\nP. Number 25\nM. Number 35\nK. Number 30\nN. Number 20"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{T}"}]


Prompt:
As blood glucose levels rise what is released from the pancreas?

Choices:
M. adrenaline
T. hemoglobin
C. insulin
F. estrogen

Answer: C

[{"role": "user", "content": "As blood glucose levels rise what is released from the pancreas?\n\nChoices:\nM. adrenaline\nT. hemoglobin\nC. insulin\nF. estrogen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{C}"}]

{"support": "24.5 Metabolic States of the Body There are three main metabolic states of the body: absorptive (fed), postabsorptive (fasting), and starvation. During any given day, your metabolism switches between absorptive and postabsorptive states. Starvation states happen very rarely in generally well-nourished individuals. When the body is fed, glucose, fats, and proteins are absorbed across the intestinal membrane and enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system to be used immediately for fuel. Any excess"}


Prompt:
What is the term for the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time?

Choices:
G. sonic speed
M. velocity of sound
R. speed of sound
C. sound barrier

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the term for the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time?\n\nChoices:\nG. sonic speed\nM. velocity of sound\nR. speed of sound\nC. sound barrier"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]

{"support": "The speed of sound is the distance that sound waves travel in a given amount of time. You'll often see the speed of sound given as 343 meters per second. But that's just the speed of sound under a certain set of conditions, specifically, through dry air at 20 °C. The speed of sound may be very different through other matter or at other temperatures."}


Prompt:
The epidermis is part of

Choices:
Q. repels sunlight and UV rays
T. is used the second largest organ and used for breathing by humans
S. soaks in toxins in the air
B. is the largest organ and also the body's first defense against germs

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "The epidermis is part of\n\nChoices:\nQ. repels sunlight and UV rays\nT. is used the second largest organ and used for breathing by humans\nS. soaks in toxins in the air\nB. is the largest organ and also the body's first defense against germs"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]


Prompt:
Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to what?

Choices:
T. the deep
I. ocean base
F. shore
D. center-point

Answer: F

[{"role": "user", "content": "Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to what?\n\nChoices:\nT. the deep\nI. ocean base\nF. shore\nD. center-point"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{F}"}]

{"support": "Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to the shore."}


Prompt:
The everglades where nearly wiped out by

Choices:
F. sea cows
T. the sun
R. builders
I. alligators

Answer: R

[{"role": "user", "content": "The everglades where nearly wiped out by\n\nChoices:\nF. sea cows\nT. the sun\nR. builders\nI. alligators"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{R}"}]


Prompt:
How does a sexually transmitted infection spread?

Choices:
I. enviromental contact
D. linear contact
O. sexual contact
T. dramatic contact

Answer: O

[{"role": "user", "content": "How does a sexually transmitted infection spread?\n\nChoices:\nI. enviromental contact\nD. linear contact\nO. sexual contact\nT. dramatic contact"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{O}"}]

{"support": "A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. STIs are caused by pathogens , a living thing or virus that causes infection. The pathogens enter the body through the reproductive organs. Many STIs also spread through body fluids, such as blood. For example, a shared tattoo needle is one way an STI could spread. Some STIs can also spread from a mother to her baby during childbirth."}


Prompt:
The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are associated with what rhyming mechanism?

Choices:
B. light - or- flight
Q. bright - or - flight
M. fight-or-flight
I. right - or - flight

Answer: M

[{"role": "user", "content": "The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are associated with what rhyming mechanism?\n\nChoices:\nB. light - or- flight\nQ. bright - or - flight\nM. fight-or-flight\nI. right - or - flight"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{M}"}]

{"support": "Epinephrine and Norepinephrine The catecholamines, epinephrine and NE, secreted by the adrenal medulla form one component of the extended fight-orflight mechanism. The other component is sympathetic stimulation. Epinephrine and NE have similar effects: binding to the beta-1 receptors, and opening sodium and calcium ion chemical- or ligand-gated channels. The rate of depolarization is increased by this additional influx of positively charged ions, so the threshold is reached more quickly and the "}


Prompt:
Food allergies, ulcers, and heartburn all affect what organ system?

Choices:
S. lymphatic system
G. digestive system
P. nervous system
O. skeletal system

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "Food allergies, ulcers, and heartburn all affect what organ system?\n\nChoices:\nS. lymphatic system\nG. digestive system\nP. nervous system\nO. skeletal system"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "Many diseases can affect the digestive system. Three of the most common diseases that affect the digestive system are food allergies, ulcers, and heartburn. Foodborne illnesses and food intolerance are also serious issues associated with the digestive system."}


Prompt:
Comets that have periods of 200 years or less are knows as what-period comets?

Choices:
R. fast
K. long
D. old
A. short

Answer: A

[{"role": "user", "content": "Comets that have periods of 200 years or less are knows as what-period comets?\n\nChoices:\nR. fast\nK. long\nD. old\nA. short"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{A}"}]

{"support": "Newly hatched loggerhead turtles start crossing the sand to the ocean."}


Prompt:
The carbon cycle includes photosynthesis, in which plants change what to organic compounds?

Choices:
A. acid dioxide
L. carbon monoxide
P. carbon dioxide
I. chemical dioxide

Answer: P

[{"role": "user", "content": "The carbon cycle includes photosynthesis, in which plants change what to organic compounds?\n\nChoices:\nA. acid dioxide\nL. carbon monoxide\nP. carbon dioxide\nI. chemical dioxide"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{P}"}]

{"support": "The carbon cycle includes photosynthesis, in which plants change carbon dioxide to organic compounds. It also includes cellular respiration, in which living things \"burn\" organic compounds and release carbon dioxide. Rocks, fossil fuels, and the ocean are also part of the carbon cycle."}


Prompt:
What kind of volcano has a very wide base and is named because it looks like something a warrior would use?

Choices:
B. shield volcano
H. spear volcano
D. arrow volcano
I. plate volcano

Answer: B

[{"role": "user", "content": "What kind of volcano has a very wide base and is named because it looks like something a warrior would use?\n\nChoices:\nB. shield volcano\nH. spear volcano\nD. arrow volcano\nI. plate volcano"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{B}"}]

{"support": "Shield volcanoes look like a huge ancient warrior's shield laid down. Pictured above is Mauna Kea Volcano ( Figure above ) taken from Mauna Loa Volcano. Both volcanoes are part of the Big Island of Hawaii. A shield volcano has a very wide base. It is much flatter on the top than a composite volcano. The lava that creates shield volcanoes is relatively thin. The thin lava spreads out. This builds a large, flat volcano, layer by layer. The composition of lava at shield volcanoes is mafic. Shield v"}


Prompt:
What is the name of matter that mechanical wave energy can only travel through?

Choices:
M. form
S. solid
E. weight
G. medium

Answer: G

[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the name of matter that mechanical wave energy can only travel through?\n\nChoices:\nM. form\nS. solid\nE. weight\nG. medium"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{G}"}]

{"support": "The energy of a mechanical wave can travel only through matter. This matter is called the medium ( plural , media). The medium in Figure above is a liquid — the water in the pond. But the medium of a mechanical wave can be any state of matter, including a solid or a gas. It's important to note that particles of matter in the medium don't actually travel along with the wave. Only the energy travels. The particles of the medium just vibrate, or move back-and-forth or up-and-down in one spot, alway"}


Prompt:
For what does a stove generally generate heat?

Choices:
H. heating nutrients to appropriate temperatures
B. warming the air in the area
S. to create electrical charges
D. entertaining various visitors and guests

Answer: H

[{"role": "user", "content": "For what does a stove generally generate heat?\n\nChoices:\nH. heating nutrients to appropriate temperatures\nB. warming the air in the area\nS. to create electrical charges\nD. entertaining various visitors and guests"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{H}"}]


Prompt:
Context:
On the basis of chemical and physical properties, minerals may be grouped under two main
categories of metallics and non-metallics which may further be classified as follows :
metallic minerals are the sources of metals. Iron ore, copper, gold produce metal and are
included in this category. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous
metallic minerals. Ferrous, as you know, refers to iron. All those minerals which have iron
content are ferrous such as iron ore itself and those which do not have iron content are
non-ferrous such as copper, bauxite, etc. Non-metallic minerals are either organic in origin such
as fossil fuels also known as mineral fuels which are derived from the buried animal and plant
life such as coal and petroleum. Other type of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin such
as mica, limestone and graphite, etc. Minerals have certain characteristics. These are unevenly
distributed over space. There is inverse relationship in quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good
quality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals. The third main
characteristic is that all minerals are exhaustible over time. These take long to develop
geologically and they cannot be replenished immediately at the time of need. Thus, they have to
be conserved and not misused as they do not have the second crop. Distribution of Minerals in
India Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old
crystalline rocks. Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone,
Mahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum reserves are located in the sedimentary basins of Assam,
Gujarat and Mumbai High i.e. off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been
located in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins. Most of the major mineral resources occur to
the east of a line linking Mangaluru and Kanpur. Minerals are generally concentrated in three
broad belts in India. There may be some sporadic occurrences here and there in isolated
pockets.
These belts are :
The North-Eastern Plateau Region This belt covers Chhotanagpur (Jharkhand), Odisha Plateau,
West Bengal and parts of Chhattisgarh. Have you ever thought about the reason of major iron
and steel industry being located in this region? It has variety of minerals viz. iron ore coal,
manganese, bauxite, mica.
The South-Western Plateau Region This belt extends over Karnataka, Goa and contiguous
Tamil Nadu uplands and Kerala. This belt is rich in ferrous metals and bauxite. It also contains
high grade iron ore, manganese and limestone. This belt lacks in coal deposits except Neyveli
lignite. This belt does not have as diversified mineral deposits as the north-eastern belt. Kerala
has deposits of monazite and thorium, bauxite clay. Goa has iron ore deposits.
The North-Western Region This belt extends along Aravali in Rajasthan and part of Gujarat and
minerals are associated with Dharwar system of rocks. Copper, zinc have been

Question:
Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are classified as:

Choices:
N. Organic Minerals
F. Ferrous Minerals
H. Metallic Minerals
L. Inorganic Minerals

Answer: N

[{"role": "user", "content": "Context:\nOn the basis of chemical and physical properties, minerals may be grouped under two main\ncategories of metallics and non-metallics which may further be classified as follows :\nmetallic minerals are the sources of metals. Iron ore, copper, gold produce metal and are\nincluded in this category. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous\nmetallic minerals. Ferrous, as you know, refers to iron. All those minerals which have iron\ncontent are ferrous such as iron ore itself and those which do not have iron content are\nnon-ferrous such as copper, bauxite, etc. Non-metallic minerals are either organic in origin such\nas fossil fuels also known as mineral fuels which are derived from the buried animal and plant\nlife such as coal and petroleum. Other type of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin such\nas mica, limestone and graphite, etc. Minerals have certain characteristics. These are unevenly\ndistributed over space. There is inverse relationship in quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good\nquality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals. The third main\ncharacteristic is that all minerals are exhaustible over time. These take long to develop\ngeologically and they cannot be replenished immediately at the time of need. Thus, they have to\nbe conserved and not misused as they do not have the second crop. Distribution of Minerals in\nIndia Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old\ncrystalline rocks. Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone,\nMahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum reserves are located in the sedimentary basins of Assam,\nGujarat and Mumbai High i.e. off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been\nlocated in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins. Most of the major mineral resources occur to\nthe east of a line linking Mangaluru and Kanpur. Minerals are generally concentrated in three\nbroad belts in India. There may be some sporadic occurrences here and there in isolated\npockets.\nThese belts are :\nThe North-Eastern Plateau Region This belt covers Chhotanagpur (Jharkhand), Odisha Plateau,\nWest Bengal and parts of Chhattisgarh. Have you ever thought about the reason of major iron\nand steel industry being located in this region? It has variety of minerals viz. iron ore coal,\nmanganese, bauxite, mica.\nThe South-Western Plateau Region This belt extends over Karnataka, Goa and contiguous\nTamil Nadu uplands and Kerala. This belt is rich in ferrous metals and bauxite. It also contains\nhigh grade iron ore, manganese and limestone. This belt lacks in coal deposits except Neyveli\nlignite. This belt does not have as diversified mineral deposits as the north-eastern belt. Kerala\nhas deposits of monazite and thorium, bauxite clay. Goa has iron ore deposits.\nThe North-Western Region This belt extends along Aravali in Rajasthan and part of Gujarat and\nminerals are associated with Dharwar system of rocks. Copper, zinc have been\n\nQuestion:\nFossil fuels like coal and petroleum are classified as:\n\nChoices:\nN. Organic Minerals\nF. Ferrous Minerals\nH. Metallic Minerals\nL. Inorganic Minerals"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "\\boxed{N}"}]