| {: , : , : , : 4} |
| {: , : , : , : 4} |
| {: , : , : , : 10} |
| {: The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades. They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away. They will go away because we as Americans have the capacity now, as we've had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom. In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. . . .\n\"It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government.\"\n—Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, January 21, 1981\nOne way in which President Reagan acted on his rhetoric in the passage was to\n\nChoices:\nA) increase the military budget.\nB) work with Congress to cut taxes and government spending.\nC) eliminate the Department of Housing and Urban Development.\nD) prohibit pay increases for government workers.", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the given formulas of PL is the best symbolization of the following sentence?\nTurtles live long lives and are happy creatures, unless they are injured.\n\nChoices:\nA) (L • H) ≡ I\nB) (L • H) ∨ I\nC) L • (H ∨ I)\nD) L • (H ⊃ R).\nE) N/A\nF) N/A\nG) N/A\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "A certain pipelined RISC machine has 8 general-purpose registers R0, R1, . . . , R7 and supports the following operations:\nADD Rs1, Rs2, Rd (Add Rs1 to Rs2 and put the sum in Rd)\nMUL Rs1, Rs2, Rd (Multiply Rs1 by Rs2 and put the product in Rd)\nAn operation normally takes one cycle; however, an operation takes two cycles if it produces a result required by the immediately following operation in an operation sequence.\nConsider the expression AB + ABC + BC, where variables A, B, C are located in registers R0, R1, R2. If the contents of these three registers must not be modified, what is the minimum number of clock cycles required for an operation sequence that computes the value of AB + ABC + BC?\n\nChoices:\nA) 10\nB) 6\nC) 9\nD) 5\nE) 12\nF) 4\nG) 7\nH) 8\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.\n\nChoices:\nA) quantum physics\nB) metaphysics\nC) ontology\nD) phenomenology\nE) cosmology\nF) teleology\nG) epistemology\nH) axiology\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following lists the hydrides of group-14 elements in order of thermal stability, from lowest to highest?\n\nChoices:\nA) GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4 < SiH4 < CH4\nB) SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4 < CH4\nC) PbH4 < CH4 < SnH4 < GeH4 < SiH4\nD) PbH4 < SnH4 < CH4 < GeH4 < SiH4\nE) SnH4 < GeH4 < SiH4 < PbH4 < CH4\nF) CH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4 < SiH4\nG) SiH4 < SnH4 < PbH4 < GeH4 < CH4\nH) CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4\nI) CH4 < PbH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < SiH4\nJ) PbH4 < SnH4 < GeH4 < SiH4 < CH4", "answer": "J", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is not known to be involved in the control of cell division?\n\nChoices:\nA) Microtubules\nB) Checkpoints\nC) DNA polymerase\nD) Centrosomes\nE) Cyclins\nF) Mitochondria\nG) Protein kinases\nH) Fibroblast cells\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "H", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "All other things being equal, which of the following men is likely to be the happiest in retirement?\n\nChoices:\nA) Gary who is still married\nB) Leo who never married\nC) Josh who is divorced\nD) Caleb who is remarried", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In Northern India the existence of separate States at this period is usually little more than a question of words. A zamindar who paid revenue to the Mogul was clearly in a position of dependence, and if he wished to establish a claim to sovereignty, the first step was to refuse, or omit to pay revenue. Such an omission might, however, arise from various other causes, and it is probable that in Rajputana, Central India, and Chota Nagpur there were numerous chiefs and tribes occupying what constitutional lawyers would regard as an anomalous position, sometimes paying the stipulated revenue, sometimes in open rebellion, and sometimes enjoying practical independence because the Mogul authorities found it inconvenient to undertake active measures of coercion.\"\nW.H. Moreland, India at the Death of Akbar, 1920\nWhich of the following characteristics most accurately defines the \"zamindar[s]\" mentioned in the text?\n\nChoices:\nA) Muslim landowners\nB) Buddhist peasants\nC) Sikh nobility\nD) Hindu aristocrats", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Suppose a system has Hamiltonian operator \\(H=\\varepsilon\\,\\vec{\\sigma}\\cdot\\vec{n}\\), where \\(\\vec{n}\\) is an arbitrary unit vector, \\(\\varepsilon\\) is a constant with dimensions of energy, and the components of \\(\\vec{\\sigma}\\) are the Pauli spin matrices. Determine the eigenvalues of this Hamiltonian operator.\n\nChoices:\nA. +\\varepsilon \\hbar/2, - \\varepsilon \\hbar/2\nB. + \\varepsilon, -\\varepsilon\nC. +1, -1\nD. +\\hbar/2, -\\hbar/2", "answer": "B", "source": "course", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "In an SR latch built from NOR gates, which condition is not allowed\n\nChoices:\nA) S=0, R=2\nB) S=2, R=2\nC) S=1, R=1\nD) S=1, R=-1\nE) S=1, R=2\nF) S=0, R=0\nG) S=2, R=0\nH) S=1, R=0\nI) S=2, R=1\nJ) S=0, R=1", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Predict the number of lines in the EPR spectrum of a solution of 13C-labelled methyl radical (13CH3•), assuming the lines do not overlap.\n\nChoices:\nA) 10\nB) 8\nC) 4\nD) 20\nE) 12\nF) 3\nG) 16\nH) 5\nI) 24\nJ) 6", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nThe source best illustrates which of the following aspects of religions in the period circa 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.?\n\nChoices:\nA) Some empires imposed uniformity of belief systems across their domains.\nB) Some empires advocated syncretism in belief systems across their domains.\nC) Some empires were predominantly areligious.\nD) Some empires justified their existence to divine will.answerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA 60-year-old man has had painful skin with exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes for 1 day. He has been taking allopurinol and probenecid for 2 weeks because of gouty arthritis. There is diffuse exfoliation of the skin with oozing of serous fluid. The mucous membranes of the mouth are erythematous and exfoliated. There are no target lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\n\nChoices:\nA) Erythema multiforme\nB) Pemphigus erythematosus\nC) Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome\nD) Toxic epidermal necrolysisanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptAccording to James, indeterminism allows that the world has _____.\n\nChoices:\nA) no ambiguous possibilities\nB) a fixed future\nC) ambiguous possibilities\nD) no shadow of turninganswerCsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptIn general, the higher the intensity of exercise, the greater the proportional contribution of:\n\nChoices:\nA) aerobic energy production.\nB) anaerobic energy production.\nC) the TCA cycle (Krebs' cycle) to the production of ATP.\nD) the electron transfer chain to the production of ATP.", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "There are two billion children in the world today (2020), aged 0 to 15 years old. How many children will there be in the year 2100 according to the United Nations?\n\nChoices:\nA) 4 billion\nB) 3 billion\nC) 2 billion\nD) 1 billion", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "A solution contains 2.00 mole of acetic acid, CH3COOH, and 1.00 mole of calcium acetate, Ca(CH3COO)2. The solution is able to resist the addition of a small amount of strong acid or strong base with only minor changes in the pH of the solution. Larger quantities of strong acid or strong base can cause a significant change in pH. How many moles of nitric acid, HNO3, may be added before the pH begins to change significantly?\n\nChoices:\nA) 0.250 mole\nB) 0.500 mole\nC) 3.00 mole\nD) 1.00 mole\nE) 3.50 mole\nF) 1.50 mole\nG) 2.50 mole\nH) 4.00 mole\nI) 0.750 mole\nJ) 2.00 mole", "answer": "J", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Some argue that Homo erectus in fact comprised several related but geographically distinct species. If so, this includes which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nA) Homo ergaster in Asia, Homo erectus in Europe, Homo antecessor in Africa\nB) Homo ergaster in Europe, Homo erectus in Africa, Homo antecessor in Asia\nC) Homo ergaster in Africa, Homo erectus in Asia, Homo antecessor in Europe\nD) Homo ergaster in Europe, Homo erectus in Africa and Asia, Homo antecessor in Australia", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Late one evening while the homeowners were away on vacation, Bob entered their home through a broken basement window. Bob knew that the homeowners were collectors of antique weapons. After ransacking the house, he found the prize collection of guns. Bob wrapped the guns in two of the expensive rugs in the home and hurriedly left the house. Upon returning from their vacation, the homeowners notified the police of the theft. During the investigation, a detective received a tip that the guns could be found in an old abandoned warehouse on the riverfront. When the police entered the warehouse, they found Sam with the guns. Upon questioning, Sam told the police that he had planned to dispose of the guns through a fence. With the homeowners' consent, the police authorized Sam to deliver the guns to the fence and sell them. As soon as the fence paid Sam and took possession of the guns, the police arrested both Sam and the fence. With which of the following crimes should Sam be convicted?\n\nChoices:\nA) Larceny.\nB) Possession of stolen property.\nC) Burglary and receiving stolen property.\nD) Burglary and possession of stolen goods.answerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhy is Bentham's account of sovereignty generally considered to be more sophisticated - and more acceptable - than Austin's?\n\nChoices:\nA) Because Bentham's Utilitarianism redeems his account of sovereignty.\nB) Because Austin overlooks the significance of morality.\nC) Because Bentham recognizes the possibility of limiting the sovereign's power.\nD) Because Austin incorporates power-conferring rules into his concept of the sovereign's commands.", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Under acidic conditions, the Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement converts a pinacol, which has two neighboring alcohol groups, into a pinacolone. The mechanism involves protonation of one alcohol group, then a 1,2-hydride shift, producing a ketone and a rearranged molecular framework.\n\nDetermine the unknown compound A and the product B in these Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangements:\n\nA + H2SO4 ---> 2,2-di-p-tolylcyclohexan-1-one \nmethyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(p-tolyl)butanoate + H2SO4 ---> B\n\nChoices:\nA. A = 1-(hydroxydi-p-tolylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol, B = methyl 3-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)butanoate\nB. A = 1-(hydroxydi-p-tolylmethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, B = methyl 3-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)butanoate\nC. A = 1-(hydroxydi-p-tolylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol, B = methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)propanoate\nD. A = 1-(hydroxydi-p-tolylmethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, B = methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)propanoate", "answer": "A", "source": "course", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "In Patterson's study of Brixton, it was found that:\n\nChoices:\nA) black and white residents competed for economic resources\nB) African-Caribbean migrants were concentrated in the poorest and most expensive housing\nC) white working class communities resented the arrival of black families\nD) all of the aboveanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following cases established the precedent that a defendant must be informed of the right to remain silent, the right to a lawyer, and protection from self-incrimination?\n\nChoices:\nA) Brown v. Board of Education\nB) Miranda v. Arizona\nC) Roe v. Wade\nD) Betts v. Brady\nE) Plessy v. Ferguson\nF) Dred Scott v. Sandford\nG) Weeks v. United States\nH) Gideon v. Wainwright\nI) Marbury v. Madison\nJ) Mapp v. OhioanswerBsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptYou work for a utility company that is building a biomass plant in the community. Your employer asks you to give a series of community talks about the plant and future operations. You visit the plant several hours before you are due to give a speech that has been prepared by your immediate supervisor. During the tour of the plant, you discover several claims in the speech are not true. What do you do?\n\nChoices:\nA) Write and deliver a new speech that you know is entirely correct. \nB) Cancel all speeches until you and your supervisor can get the information straight. \nC) Deliver the speech as prepared and discuss the inaccuracies with your supervisor afterward.\nD) Address the inaccuracies with your supervisor immediately and make the necessary corrections before giving the speech. answerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA guitarist and lead singer for a rock and roll band was performing a concert when an overhead strobe light fell on stage and struck him. The singer suffered a fractured skull and was hospitalized for an extended period of time. A lighting company was hired by the venue to perform the strobe lighting show at the concert. During his hospital stay, the singer sent a letter to the lighting company's president threatening to sue and holding the lighting company responsible for the accident. After receiving the singer's letter, the company's attorney visited the singer at the hospital where he was being treated. The attorney entered the singer's hospital room and told him, \ The singer remained silent, and the attorney then left the room. Thereafter, the singer filed a lawsuit against the lighting company to recover damages for his injury. At trial, the singer seeks to introduce into evidence the attorney's statement at the hospital. Upon objection, the attorney's statement should be\n\nChoices:\nA) admitted, as a vicarious admission. \nB) admitted, as a declaration against interest. \nC) excluded, as an offer to compromise. \nD) excluded, as a privileged attorney-client communication. answerCsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptHow do you call a system that allows workers to work part of the week from home?\n\nChoices:\nA) Piece time\nB) Part-time\nC) Job sharing\nD) TelecommutinganswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptIn a given population, 1 out of every 400 people has a cancer caused by a completely recessive allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the expected proportion of individuals who carry the b allele but are not expected to develop the cancer?\n\nChoices:\nA) 19/400\nB) 1/400\nC) 40/400\nD) 38/400\nE) 2/400\nF) 1/200\nG) 20/400\nH) 50/400\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerDsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptThis question refers to the following information.\n\\nKwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965\nWhich of the following provides the best context for Nkrumah's writings?\n\nChoices:\nA) The spread of communism\nB) The Industrial Revolution\nC) The French Revolution\nD) The Cold War\nE) Decolonization\nF) World War II\nG) Autarky\nH) The rise of multinational corporations\nI) The American Civil Rights Movement\nJ) Regional Free Trade Associations", "answer": "E", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "The 13C spectrum of which isomer of C6H14 has lines with three distinct chemical shifts?\n\nChoices:\nA) hexane\nB) 2-methylpentane\nC) 3-methylpentane\nD) 2,3-dimethylbutane", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "A total of 30 players will play basketball at a park. There will be exactly 5 players on each team. Which statement correctly explains how to find the number of teams needed?\n\nChoices:\nA) Multiply 5 by 5 to find 25 teams.\nB) Divide 30 by 5 to find 6 teams.\nC) Add 5 to 30 to find 35 teams.\nD) Subtract 30 from 5 to find -25 teams.\nE) Divide 5 by 30 to find 0.1667 teams.\nF) Add 5 to 30 then divide by 2 to find 17.5 teams.\nG) N/A\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "In a 2 pole lap winding dc machine , the resistance of one conductor is 2Ω and total number of conductors is 100. Find the total resistance\n\nChoices:\nA) 50Ω\nB) 1Ω\nC) 25Ω\nD) 200Ω\nE) 10Ω\nF) 100Ω\nG) 500Ω\nH) 150Ω\nI) 75Ω\nJ) 20Ω", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "For a stationary autoregressive process, shocks will\n\nChoices:\nA) Never occur\nB) Persist indefinitely\nC) Cause a permanent change in the trend\nD) Grow exponentially\nE) Only affect the next period\nF) Eventually die away\nG) Cause the process to become non-stationary\nH) Immediately disappear\nI) Lead to a cyclical pattern\nJ) Be balanced out by subsequent shocks", "answer": "F", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\n\nChoices:\nA) Ventral\nB) Dorsal\nC) Buccal\nD) Thoracic\nE) Pericardial\nF) Abdominal\nG) Spinal\nH) Pelvic\nI) Pleural\nJ) Cranial", "answer": "J", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Consider the following AR(1) model with the disturbances having zero mean and unit variance\nyt = 0.2 + 0.4 yt-1 + ut\nThe (unconditional) mean of y will be given by\n\nChoices:\nA) 0.45\nB) 0.2\nC) 0.4\nD) 0.1\nE) 0.3\nF) 0.55\nG) 0.25\nH) 0.33\nI) 0.6\nJ) 0.5", "answer": "H", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "The concentration ratio for a monopoly is\n\nChoices:\nA) 50\nB) 5\nC) 10\nD) 90\nE) 15\nF) 100\nG) 0\nH) 25\nI) 75\nJ) N/A", "answer": "F", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "A tank initially contains a salt solution of 3 grams of salt dissolved in 100 liters of water. A salt solution containing 0.02 grams of salt per liter of water is sprayed into the tank at a rate of 4 liters per minute. The sprayed solution is continually mixed with the salt solution in the tank, and the mixture flows out of the tank at a rate of 4 liters per minute. If the mixing is instantaneous, how many grams of salt are in the tank after 100 minutes have elapsed?\n\nChoices:\nA) 3 + e^-2\nB) 2 - e^-4\nC) 2 - e^-2\nD) 3 + e^-4\nE) 2 + e^-3\nF) 2 - e^-3\nG) 3 - e^-2\nH) 2 + e^-2\nI) 2 + e^-4\nJ) 2", "answer": "I", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "In contrast to _______, _______ aim to reward favourable behaviour by companies. The success of such campaigns have been heightened through the use of ___________, which allow campaigns to facilitate the company in achieving _________ .\n\nChoices:\nA) Boycotts, Buyalls, Blockchain technology, Increased Sales\nB) Buycotts, Boycotts, Digital technology, Decreased Sales\nC) Boycotts, Buycotts, Digital technology, Decreased Sales\nD) Buycotts, Boycotts, Blockchain technology, Charitable donations\nE) Boycotts, Buyalls, Blockchain technology, Charitable donations\nF) Boycotts, Buycotts, Digital technology, Increased Sales\nG) Buycotts, Boycotts, Digital technology, Increased Sales\nH) Boycotts, Buycotts, Physical technology, Increased Sales\nI) Buycotts, Buyalls, Blockchain technology, Charitable donations\nJ) Boycotts, Buycotts, Blockchain technology, Decreased Sales", "answer": "F", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Pascale is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. Pascale would best be classified as what type of psychologist?\n\nChoices:\nA) social\nB) school\nC) sociocultural\nD) forensic\nE) behaviorist\nF) health\nG) clinical\nH) cognitive\nI) psychoanalytic\nJ) developmental", "answer": "H", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "In a global context, many companies have significant ______ power due to their ability to threaten governments, in the face of ________ with relocation to other territories, which Beck (1998) describes as 'corporate power of _______.\n\nChoices:\nA) Economic, Commercial competition, Social sanction\nB) Political, Undesirable regulation, Transnational withdrawal\nC) Social, Commercial competition, Social sanction\nD) Social, Undesirable regulation, Transnational withdrawalanswerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\n\nChoices:\nA) Female catheters are used more frequently than male catheters.\nB) Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\nC) Male catheters are more flexible than female catheters.\nD) Male catheters are made from a different material than female catheters.\nE) Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\nF) Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\nG) Female catheters are bigger than male catheters.\nH) Female catheters have a curved shape while male catheters are straight.\nI) Male and female catheters are different colours.\nJ) Male catheters have a smaller diameter than female catheters.answerFsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptMr. James falls in the 50% income tax bracket. He has the option of purchasing, at par value, corporate bonds paying 8% interest or municipal bonds paying 4(1/2)% interest. Which investment would be wiser?\n\nChoices:\nA. both municipal and corporate bonds\nB. municipal bonds\nC. neither municipal nor corporate bonds\nD. investing in stocks instead\nE. corporate bonds with a different interest rate\nF. municipal bonds after considering potential changes in tax-exempt status\nG. real estate investment trusts as an alternative investment\nH. corporate bonds\nI. corporate bonds after considering a potential tax reform\nJ. municipal bonds with an additional state tax benefitanswerBsourcecoursen_options |
| promptA marketing researcher is conducting a survey in a large selling area by contacting a small group of people that is representative of all people in that area. The small, representative group is known as the\n\nChoices:\nA) population\nB) sample\nC) stratification\nD) universeanswerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptGenetically the flaviviruses are positive stranded and have which of the following properties?\n\nChoices:\nA) ssRNA viruses with capped and polyadenylated RNA\nB) Viruses with a segmented RNA genome\nC) Circular RNA genome\nD) Icosahedral viruses with no membraneanswerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA 37-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, at 34 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding for 2 hours. She has had no prenatal care. Her second child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate; her other three children were delivered vaginally. Her pulse is 92/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 134/76 mm Hg. The abdomen is nontender, and no contractions are felt. There is blood on the vulva, the introitus, and on the medial aspect of each thigh. The fetus is in a transverse lie presentation. The fetal heart rate is 144/min. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\n\nChoices:\nA) Abruptio placentae\nB) Amniotic fluid embolism\nC) Latent phase of labor\nD) Placenta previa", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "The separation of church and state is articulated in the\n\nChoices:\nA) establishment clause\nB) Nineteenth Amendment\nC) inevitable discovery rule\nD) Seventh Amendment", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Functions of the law include all but which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nA) defining the limits of government power\nB) regulating the use of public spaces\nC) keeping the peace\nD) maximizing individual freedom\nE) maintaining order and stability\nF) preventing environmental degradation\nG) providing a basis for compromise\nH) promoting social justice\nI) promoting the principles of the free enterprise system\nJ) encouraging economic growth", "answer": "I", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Calculate the polarization of a proton in a magnetic field of 335 mT and 10.5 T at 298 K.\n\nChoices:\nA) 6.345 x 10^-4 at 0.335 T; 9.871 x 10^-5 at 10.5 T\nB) 0.793 x 10^-4 at 0.335 T; 6.931 x 10^-7 at 10.5 T\nC) 1.148 x 10^-6 at 0.335 T; 3.598 x 10^-5 at 10.5 T\nD) 4.126 x 10^-3 at 0.335 T; 2.142 x 10^-6 at 10.5 T", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "When asked where they would like to live for the rest of their lives most older adults say that they would prefer\n\nChoices:\nA) Moving to be close to their children\nB) Moving to Arizona or Florida if they could\nC) Residing in a very nice nursing home\nD) Staying in their own home", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Say the pupil of your eye has a diameter of 5 mm and you have a telescope with an aperture of 50 cm. How much more light can the telescope gather than your eye?\n\nChoices:\nA) 1000 times more\nB) 50 times more\nC) 5000 times more\nD) 500 times more\nE) 10000 times more\nF) 20000 times more\nG) 2000 times more\nH) 100 times more\nI) 10 times more\nJ) N/A", "answer": "E", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "The Marxist and critical race theory notions espoused by CRT are diametrically opposed to our democratic ideals.'\nWhich statement below is the most powerful refutation of this view?\n\nChoices:\nA) There are no traces of left wing thought among CRT scholars.\nB) Some CRT writing is openly sceptical of traditional American values.\nC) Democracy is not an uncomplicated concept.\nD) This is an unjustifiably narrow view of the CRT agenda.answerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following is not a way to form recombinant DNA?\n\nChoices:\nA) Translation\nB) Conjugation\nC) Specialized transduction\nD) Transformation\nE) N/A\nF) N/A\nG) N/A\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhy are parvoviruses a highly impactful parasite?\n\nChoices:\nA) They are able to alter the host's DNA\nB) Because they have no nucleic acid\nC) They can survive in extreme temperatures\nD) Only replicate in dividing cells\nE) They can infect multiple species\nF) They don't require a host to survive\nG) Can integrate into host chromosomes\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerDsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptA refracting telescope consists of two converging lenses separated by 100 cm. The eye-piece lens has a focal length of 20 cm. The angular magnification of the telescope is\n\nChoices:\nA) 10\nB) 40\nC) 6\nD) 25\nE) 15\nF) 50\nG) 30\nH) 4\nI) 5\nJ) 20answerHsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n\nChoices:\nA) Higher taxes on household income\nB) Increased government spending\nC) Increased taxes on corporate profits\nD) Increased import tariffs\nE) Decreased interest rates\nF) Lower taxes on consumer goods\nG) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\nH) Reduced government spending\nI) Higher taxes on capital gains\nJ) An increase in the money supplyanswerGsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat effect would a rising national debt have on the market for U.S. dollars and on the dollar’s value relative to other currencies? MARKET FOR THE DOLLAR VALUE OF THE DOLLAR\n\nChoices:\nA. Increased supply Depreciating\nB. Decreased supply Appreciating\nC. No change in supply Appreciating\nD. Increased demand Depreciating\nE. Decreased demand Appreciating\nF. Increased demand Appreciating\nG. Decreased supply Depreciating\nH. Increased supply Appreciating\nI. No change in demand DepreciatinganswerFsourcecoursen_options |
| promptAccording to Caplan's model of consultee-centered case consultation, the consultant is primarily interested in\n\nChoices:\nA) identifying the causes and solutions of the client's presenting problems\nB) establishing a hierarchy of authority to enable effective decision making\nC) ensuring the consultee adheres strictly to a predetermined action plan\nD) proposing multiple alternative solutions for the consultee to choose from\nE) identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the consultee's current approach\nF) presenting a single, well-defined and unambiguous course of action for the consultant to overcome skills deficits\nG) developing a comprehensive treatment plan for the client\nH) identifying and eliminating the causes of the consultee's difficulties in handling a problem\nI) focusing on the consultant's personal growth and development\nJ) focusing on the relationship between the client and the consultee", "answer": "H", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which of these is not a type of rock?\n\nChoices:\nA) metamorphic\nB) sedimentary\nC) igneous\nD) deciduous", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Betty Buyer wanted to buy an antique Volvo automobile owned by Sarah Seller who had previously expressed some interest in selling. Betty wrote Sarah a signed letter on April 1 stating \"I will buy your Volvo for $10,000 cash upon you bringing the vehicle to my home before April 5. This offer is not subject to countermand.\" On April 2 Sarah received the letter and wrote back a signed letter to Betty stating \"I accept your offer and promise to deliver the Volvo to you as you request.\" Unfortunately, the Postal Authority delayed delivery of Sarah's letter for 10 days. In the mean time, Betty grew tired of not hearing from Sarah and purchased another car. When she learned that Betty would not complete the transfer, Sarah sued for breach of contract. The court will likely hold that\n\nChoices:\nA) The mailing of the April 2nd letter did not prevent a subsequent effective revocation by Betty.\nB) The April 2nd letter bound both parties to a bilateral contract when received.\nC) The April 2nd letter bound both parties to a unilateral contract.\nD) The April 2nd letter was effective to form a contract on April 12th, when the offeror received it.answerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhich of these is NOT a type of research that could be used for the purposes of evaluation?\n\nChoices:\nA) Media content analysis\nB) Survey\nC) Behaviour study\nD) Media releaseanswerCsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptGiven that the vapor pressure of CCl_4 (carbon tetrachloride) is .132 atm at 23°C and H^1 = 32,000 (J / mole), calculate its vapor pressure at 38°C.\n\nChoices:\nA. .275 atm\nB. .250 atm\nC. .225 atm\nD. .300 atm\nE. .200 atm\nF. .400 atm\nG. .150 atm\nH. .132 atm\nI. .175 atm\nJ. .325 atmanswerBsourcecoursen_options |
| promptColors in a soap bubble result from light\n\nChoices:\nA) dispersion\nB) deflection\nC) refraction\nD) reflection\nE) interference\nF) converted to a different frequency\nG) polarization\nH) absorption\nI) diffraction\nJ) transmissionanswerEsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptA mutation in a bacterial enzyme changed a previously polar amino acid into a nonpolar amino acid. This amino acid was located at a site distant from the enzyme’s active site. How might this mutation alter the enzyme’s substrate specificity?\n\nChoices:\nA) By changing the enzyme’s pH optimum\nB) By changing the enzyme's molecular weight\nC) An amino acid change away from the active site increases the enzyme's substrate specificity.\nD) By changing the shape of the protein\nE) By changing the enzyme's temperature optimum\nF) By altering the enzyme's ability to be denatured\nG) By changing the enzyme’s location in the cell\nH) By changing the enzyme's color\nI) An amino acid change away from the active site cannot alter the enzyme’s substrate specificity.\nJ) By altering the enzyme's rate of reactionanswerDsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptIn terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on:\n\nChoices:\nA) individualism and long-term orientation.\nB) individualism and power distance.\nC) uncertainty avoidance.\nD) long-term orientation.\nE) individualism.\nF) individualism and masculinity.\nG) long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance.\nH) power distance.\nI) power distance and masculinity.\nJ) N/AanswerEsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptPosner's economic analysis of law is roundly attacked by Dworkin who says the theory 'has not achieved the beginning of a beginning.' What is the basis of this criticism?\n\nChoices:\nA) Posner's approach fails to offer a means by which to calculate individual prosperity.\nB) It neglects the importance of individual choice.\nC) It regards wealth as a value, which it is not.\nD) The theory is economically unsound.answerCsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptThe symmetric group $S_n$ has $\n\\factorial{n}$ elements, hence it is not true that $S_{10}$ has 10 elements.\nFind the characteristic of the ring 2Z.\n\nChoices:\nA) 0\nB) 30\nC) 3\nD) 10\nE) 12\nF) 50\nG) 2\nH) 100\nI) 20\nJ) 5answerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat are the functions of dietary fat?\n\n\nChoices:\nA) Provide energy to the body\nB) Form part of cellular membranes\nC) Cell signalling\nD) All options given are correctanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptIn 1948 how many Americans believed the Kinsey Report on Sexuality in the Male to be a bad thing?\n\nChoices:\nA) 92%\nB) 64%\nC) 27%\nD) 11%answerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptThis question refers to the following information.\nIn Russia there was nothing going on well, and [Souvarine] was in despair over the news he had received. His old companions were all turning to the politicians; the famous Nihilists who made Europe tremble-sons of village priests, of the lower middle class, of tradesmen-could not rise above the idea of national liberation, and seemed to believe that the world would be delivered-when they had killed their despot&…\n\\nThen, lowering his voice still more, in a few bitter words he described his old dream of fraternity. He had renounced his rank and his fortune; he had gone among workmen, only in the hope of seeing at last the foundation of a new society of labour in common. All the sous in his pockets had long gone to the urchins of the settlement; he had been as tender as a brother with the colliers, smiling at their suspicion, winning them over by his quiet workmanlike ways and his dislike of chattering. But decidedly the fusion had not taken place.\nHis voice changed, his eyes grew bright, he fixed them on étienne, directly addressing him:\n\\némile Zola, French writer, Germinal, 1885\nThe passage displays the direct concern for the welfare of the working classes that was typically a part of which movement?\n\nChoices:\nA) Communist\nB) Anarchist\nC) Feminist\nD) Fascist\nE) Imperialist\nF) Nationalist\nG) Enlightenment\nH) Existentialist\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptSuppose that a test statistic has associated with it a p-value of 0.08. Which one of the following statements is true?\n(i) If the size of the test were exactly 8%, we would be indifferent between rejecting and not rejecting the null hypothesis\n(ii) The null would be rejected if a 10% size of test were used\n(iii) The null would not be rejected if a 1% size of test were used\n(iv) The null would be rejected if a 5% size of test were used.\n\nChoices:\nA) (iii) and (iv) only\nB) (i) and (iv) only\nC) (i), (ii), and (iii) only\nD) (i) and (ii) only\nE) (i) and (iii) only\nF) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv).\nG) (ii), (iii), and (iv) only\nH) (ii) and (iii) only\nI) (ii) and (iv) only\nJ) (i), (iii), and (iv) onlyanswerCsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following is not a reason for following a vegetarian diet?\n\n\nChoices:\nA) Religious belief\nB) For better health\nC) To reduce global carbon dioxide and methane emissions\nD) None of the options given are correctanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptIn Mister Rogers' theme song what does he ask you to be?\n\nChoices:\nA) his cook\nB) his student\nC) his neighbor\nD) all you can be", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "In the program below, the initial value of X is 5 and the initial value of Y is 10.\nIF (X < 0){\n DISPLAY (\"Foxtrot\")\n} ELSE {\n IF (X > Y){\n DISPLAY (\"Hotel\")\n } ELSE {\n IF (Y > 0){\n DISPLAY (\"November\")\n } ELSE {\n DISPLAY (\"Yankee\")\n }\n }\n}\nWhat is displayed as a result of running the program?\n\nChoices:\nA) November\nB) Foxtrot\nC) Zulu\nD) Alpha\nE) Charlie\nF) Bravo\nG) Yankee\nH) Echo\nI) Hotel\nJ) Delta", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucratic organisation?\n\nChoices:\nA) Authority\nB) Regulations\nC) Command structure\nD) Change", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "How do city planners separate discordant land uses such as housing and sewage plants?\n\nChoices:\nA) Malls\nB) Fences\nC) Zoning\nD) Tunnels", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Let V be the set of all real polynomials p(x). Let transformations T, S be defined on V by T:p(x) -> xp(x) and S:p(x) -> p'(x) = d/dx p(x), and interpret (ST)(p(x)) as S(T(p(x))). Which of the following is true?\n\nChoices:\nA) ST + TS is the identity map of V onto itself.\nB) TS = 0\nC) ST = 1\nD) ST - TS = 0\nE) ST = T\nF) ST = 0\nG) ST = TS\nH) ST - TS is the identity map of V onto itself.\nI) TS = T\nJ) ST = SanswerHsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptIn the SMEFT, which of the following symmetries are required to be obeyed by every operator?\n\n1. Lorentz Symmetry\n2. Poincare symmetry\n3. CP symmetry\n4. CPT symmetry\n\nChoices:\nA. 1,2\nB. 1,3,4\nC. 1,2,4\nD. 3,4answerCsourcecoursen_options |
| promptSHA-1 has a message digest of\n\nChoices:\nA) 628 bits\nB) 780 bits\nC) 160 bits\nD) 256 bits\nE) 2048 bits\nF) 820 bits\nG) 128 bits\nH) 512 bits\nI) 1024 bits\nJ) 64 bitsanswerCsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptThe ________ School of jurisprudence postulates that the law is based on what is \\n\nChoices:\nA) Legal Pragmatism\nB) Legal Formalism\nC) Comparative\nD) Analytical\nE) Sociological\nF) Historical\nG) Critical Legal Studies\nH) Realist\nI) Positivist\nJ) Natural LawanswerJsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptRecent research on hominid species dating from the Middle Pliocene indicates there was (as of 2020):\n\nChoices:\nA) multiple hominid species but with limited diversity.\nB) a single species with no diversity.\nC) decreased species diversity but increased numbers of hammerstones and flakes, indicating stone tool manufacture.\nD) a single dominant species that outcompeted all others, leading to decreased diversity.\nE) increased species diversity due to a prolonged ice age followed by a severe drought.\nF) decreased species diversity due to a prolonged ice age followed by a severe drought.\nG) a great amount of species diversity, or a single species that exhibited a lot of diversity.\nH) increased species diversity but with decreased population numbers due to harsh climate conditions.\nI) increased species diversity but decreased numbers of hammerstones and flakes, indicating less stone tool manufacture.\nJ) very little species diversity during this period and very few hominids.answerGsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptDuring exercise, adrenaline secretion from the adrenal glands is stimulated by:\n\nChoices:\nA) increased plasma glucose.\nB) increased plasma fatty acids.\nC) increased plasma ACTH.\nD) increased sympathetic nerve activity.answerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptAccording to Moore’s “ideal utilitarianism,” the right action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of:\n\nChoices:\nA) wealth.\nB) virtue.\nC) fairness.\nD) pleasure.\nE) peace.\nF) justice.\nG) happiness.\nH) power.\nI) good.\nJ) knowledge.answerIsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the sign of the covenant for Jewish males?\n\nChoices:\nA) Fasting on Yom Kippur\nB) Lighting Shabbat candles\nC) The rainbow\nD) Circumcision\nE) The Torah\nF) Bar mitzvah\nG) Keeping kosher\nH) Wearing a kippah\nI) A son\nJ) The Star of DavidanswerDsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| prompt Yamago Soko created the \ known as which of the following?\n\nChoices:\nA) Bushido\nB) Samurai\nC) Nembutsu\nD) GomadakianswerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptSuppose a vector field f(r) is directed purely along the radial direction in spherical coordinates and its magnitude decreases from the origin according to f(r) = 1/r^2. Calculate the volume integral of its divergence, ∇.f, over the interior of a sphere of radius R centred at the origin. Here, both ∇ and f are to be understood as vectors. Which of the following is the most appropriate value for this integral?\n\nChoices:\nA. 4/3 π R\nB. 4 π\nC. 0\nD. 1answerBsourcecoursen_options |
| prompt“Test and treat” depends on:\n\nChoices:\nA) The proportion of infected persons willing to be tested\nB) The willingness of persons testing HIV positive to begin treatment\nC) The availability of resources for persons testing HIV positive\nD) All of the aboveanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptThe term gene doping refers to:\n\nChoices:\nA) the use of drugs to modify gene transcription.\nB) the use of genetic manipulation techniques to enhance performance in sport.\nC) the activation or inhibition of genes to mask drug taking by athletes.\nD) the use of drugs to modify the myostatin gene.answerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following represents an accurate statement concerning arthropods?\n\nChoices:\nA) They possess an exoskeleton composed primarily of peptidoglycan.\nB) They possess an open circulatory system with a dorsal heart.\nC) They are members of a biologically unsuccessful phylum incapable of exploiting diverse habitats and nutrition sources.\nD) They lack paired, jointed appendages.\nE) N/A\nF) N/A\nG) N/A\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerBsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the English name for Hanukkah?\n\nChoices:\nA) The Festival of Booths\nB) The Festival of the Giving of Torah\nC) The Festival of Lights\nD) The Festival of WeeksanswerCsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptIn an organization, the group of people tasked with buying decisions is referred to as the _______________.\n\nChoices:\nA) Procurement centre.\nB) Chief executive unit.\nC) Resources allocation group.\nD) Marketing department.\nE) Purchasing department.\nF) Supply chain management team.\nG) Outsourcing unit.\nH) Decision-making unit.\nI) Operations unit.\nJ) Financial management team.answerHsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptInto what body of water does the Rhone River flow?\n\nChoices:\nA) Atlantic Ocean\nB) Caspian Sea\nC) North Sea\nD) Mediterranean SeaanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\n\nChoices:\nA) The third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nB) The fourth pharyngeal arch\nC) The third pharyngeal arch\nD) The second pharyngeal arch\nE) The second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches\nF) The first pharyngeal arch\nG) The second and third pharyngeal arches\nH) The first and third pharyngeal arches\nI) The first, second and third pharyngeal arches\nJ) The first and second pharyngeal archesanswerGsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhere do most short-period comets come from and how do we know?\n\nChoices:\nA) The Kuiper belt; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like the Kuiper belt.\nB) The asteroid belt; short period comets tend to come from random directions indicating a spherical distribution of comets called the asteroid belt.\nC) The asteroid belt; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like the asteroid belt.\nD) The Oort cloud; short period comets have orbital periods similar to asteroids like Vesta and are found in the plane of the solar system just like the Oort cloud.\nE) The Oort Cloud; short period comets tend to come from random directions indicating a spherical distribution of comets called the Oort Cloud.\nF) The Oort cloud; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like the Oort cloud.\nG) The asteroid belt; short period comets have orbital periods similar to asteroids like Vesta and are found in the plane of the solar system just like the asteroid belt.\nH) N/A\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptAugustine claims that to save another person from injury, it is permissible to:\n\nChoices:\nA) lie.\nB) steal.\nC) both a and b.\nD) neither a nor. b.answerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the judge ad hoc?\n\nChoices:\nA) Judge ad hoc is the president of the ICJ\nB) Judge ad hoc is a temporary judge appointed for a specific period of time\nC) Judge ad hoc is the judge that each party will always nominate in every contentious case\nD) Judge ad hoc is the member of the bench of the ICJ with a casting vote\nE) Judge ad hoc is a judge who is nominated by the parties involved in a contentious case, irrespective of their nationality\nF) Judge ad hoc is a judge who decides on the admissibility of cases before the ICJ\nG) Judge ad hoc is a judge appointed by the Security Council of the United Nations\nH) Judge ad hoc is a surrogate judge, in case a judge is disqualified or passes away\nI) If a party to a contentious case before the ICJ does not have a national sitting as judge, it is entitled to nominate someone as a judge solely for that case, with the title of judge ad hoc\nJ) N/AanswerIsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhich American colony known for its religious tolerance did Roger Williams found in 1636?\n\nChoices:\nA) Massachusetts\nB) Rhode Island\nC) Virginia\nD) VermontanswerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA new compound is synthesized and found to be a monoprotic acid with a molar mass of 248 g/mol. When 0.0050 mol of this acid are dissolved in 0.500 L of water, the pH is measured as 3.89. What is the pKa of this acid?\n\nChoices:\nA) 5.78\nB) 4.78\nC) 4.56\nD) 6.89\nE) 7.78\nF) 3.89\nG) 1.23\nH) 2.89\nI) 2.33\nJ) 5.33answerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptSelect the best translation into predicate logic.George borrows Hector's lawnmower. (g: George; h: Hector; l: Hector's lawnmower; Bxyx: x borrows y from z).\n\nChoices:\nA) Bhgh\nB) Bggh\nC) Bhlh\nD) Bghl\nE) Bhlg\nF) Blhg\nG) Bllg\nH) Blgh\nI) Bhhg\nJ) BglhanswerJsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhich one of the following items is an example of nonmaterial culture?\n\nChoices:\nA) A dove feather\nB) Dove symbol\nC) Dove body lotion\nD) Dove deodorant\nE) Dove soap\nF) Dove candy bar\nG) Dove conditioner\nH) A dove (bird).\nI) Dove chocolate\nJ) Dove shampooanswerBsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat is required for a general rule of customary law to be formed?\n\nChoices:\nA) Only general, widespread and consistent practice on the part of States is required\nB) The consistent practice of few States is sufficient\nC) The legal conviction that a certain practice of a State is in accordance with international law is the most significant requirement\nD) Both the elements of widespread and consistent State practice and of the opinio juris are requiredanswerDsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptWhat place is named in the title of the 1979 live album by rock legends Cheap Trick?\n\nChoices:\nA) Brooklyn\nB) Beijing\nC) Budapest\nD) Boston\nE) Bhutan\nF) Barcelona\nG) Britain\nH) Brisbane\nI) Bruges\nJ) BudokananswerJsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptIn recent years, a state has experienced a major increase in its population of retired people. State health officials are worried that many senior citizens may be subjected to price gouging involving certain medical supplies and services. To address these fraudulent sales practices, the state legislature passed a statute barring non-physicians from selling hearing aids. The statute also states that non-physician sellers who are already in the business of selling hearing aids are not affected. After the law takes effect, a non-physician relocates to the state and seeks to start a hearing-aid sales business. Upon being told that the statute forbids him from doing so, he files suit challenging the law’s constitutionality. The most probable outcome is that the state law will be declared\n\nChoices:\nA. unconstitutional, because it violates the commerce clause, since Congress has plenary power to regulate any activity that has any appreciable effect on interstate commerce.\nB. unconstitutional, because it creates an unfair trade barrier for non-physicians wanting to start a business in the state.\nC. constitutional, as it aims to protect a vulnerable segment of the population from potential exploitation.\nD. constitutional, because there is a rational basis for distinguishing between non-physicians are not so engaged.\nE. unconstitutional, because it discriminates between non-physicians already in the business and those wanting to enter it.\nF. unconstitutional, because it restricts the rights of non-physicians to conduct a legitimate business.\nG. constitutional, because it falls under the state's power to regulate healthcare and related services.\nH. constitutional, because it does not infringe upon the rights of non-physicians not already in the business of selling hearing aids.\nI. constitutional, because a state has the power to regulate any phase of local business, even though such regulations may have some effect on interstate commerce, provided that Congress has not enacted legislation regarding the subject matter.", "answer": "D", "source": "course", "n_options": 9} |
| {"prompt": "Bollywood cinema aimed at audiences in the Indian sub-continent and at diaspora around the world, using strong love and ethical themes, and a musical format, is an example of:\n\nChoices:\nA) Group influence.\nB) Ethnic marketing.\nC) Social grade.\nD) Lifestyle.", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "If each of the following meals provides the same number of calories, which meal requires the most land to produce the food?\n\nChoices:\nA) Red beans and rice\nB) Steak and a baked potato\nC) Corn tortilla and refried beans\nD) Lentil soup and brown bread", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "An observational study in diabetics assesses the role of an increased plasma fibrinogen level on the risk of cardiac events. 130 diabetic patients are followed for 5 years to assess the development of acute coronary syndrome. In the group of 60 patients with a normal baseline plasma fibrinogen level, 20 develop acute coronary syndrome and 40 do not. In the group of 70 patients with a high baseline plasma fibrinogen level, 40 develop acute coronary syndrome and 30 do not. Which of the following is the best estimate of relative risk in patients with a high baseline plasma fibrinogen level compared to patients with a normal baseline plasma fibrinogen level?\n\nChoices:\nA) (40/30)/(20/40)\nB) (40*40)/(20*30)\nC) (40*70)/(20*60)\nD) (40/70)/(20/60)", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "The gastric mucosa includes multiple kinds of cells. Which statement about these cells is accurate?\n\nChoices:\nA. Parietal cells secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of pepsin\nB. G cells secrete the enzyme amylase\nC. Chief cells the hormone gastrin (which stimulates acid secretion).\nD. Mucous cells secrete the hormone secretin\nE. Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete the enzyme lipase\nF. Parietal cells secrete the hormone ghrelin\nG. Mucous cells secrete the glycoprotein mucin\nH. Chief cells secrete bile acid\nI. D cells secrete the hormone cholecystokinin", "answer": "G", "source": "course", "n_options": 9} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is an accurate statement about the federal court system?\n\nChoices:\nA) The creation of new federal courts requires a constitutional amendment.\nB) The creation of new federal courts requires the unanimous consent of all 50 states.\nC) The Supreme Court has the sole power to create new federal courts.\nD) Congress has the power to create new federal courts.", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "A compiler generates code for the following assignment statement.\nG := (A + B) * C - (D + E) * F\nThe target machine has a single accumulator and a single-address instruction set consisting of instructions load, store, add, subtract, and multiply. For the arithmetic operations, the left operand is taken from the accumulator and the result appears in the accumulator. The smallest possible number of instructions in the resulting code is\n\nChoices:\nA) 7\nB) 5\nC) 12\nD) 4\nE) 11\nF) 6\nG) 8\nH) 10\nI) 9\nJ) 3", "answer": "I", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "How can organisational structures that are characterised by democratic and inclusive styles of management be described?\n\nChoices:\nA) Flat\nB) Bureaucratic\nC) Autocratic\nD) Hierarchical\nE) Functional\nF) Decentralized\nG) Matrix\nH) Network\nI) Divisional\nJ) Centralized", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "_____________ can modify data on your system – so that your system doesn’t run correctly or you can no longer access specific data, or it may even ask for ransom in order to give your access.\n\nChoices:\nA) Email Trojans\nB) Backdoor Trojans\nC) Rootkit Trojans\nD) Banking Trojans\nE) Trojan-Downloader\nF) Spyware Trojans\nG) Network Trojans\nH) Worm Trojans\nI) Ransom Trojan\nJ) IM – Trojans", "answer": "I", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board. A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word?\n\nChoices:\nA) Bob, who wrote \"influence\"\nB) Danielle, who wrote \"roles\"\nC) Mike, who wrote \"laws\"\nD) Gretchen, who wrote \"ethos\"", "answer": "B", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Gary Gamer purchased a computer from Electronic Warehouse Inc. Which of the below facts would be most favorable to Gary if he sought to rescind the purchase?\n\nChoices:\nA) Gary and the store clerk orally agreed to the sale of the computer for a price of $750.\nB) Gary purchased the computer one month before his 18th birthday and 14 months later wants to disaffirm the contract.\nC) The computer Gary picked out was defective; Electronic Warehouse offered to repair the computer but Gary refused to specify the particular defect and demands rescission.\nD) Gary paid for the computer and was given a box that when he unpacked it at home contained a printer unit made by the same manufacturer.", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is the most direct cause of polyteny in somatic cells of certain organisms?\n\nChoices:\nA) RNA transcription\nB) Supercoiling of chromatin\nC) Chromosome replication without cell division\nD) Chromosome recombination", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": " Reiman could be described as a(n)\n\nChoices:\nA) consequentialist\nB) believer in the principle of equality\nC) abolitionist\nD) retentionist", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "As of 2017, how many of the world’s 1-year-old children today have been vaccinated against some disease? *\n\nChoices:\nA) 30%\nB) 60%\nC) 10%\nD) 90%\nE) 80%\nF) 40%\nG) 100%\nH) 50%\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "E", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Ani believes that her attitudes and behavior play a central role in what happens to her. Such a belief is likely to be associated with\n\nChoices:\nA) low self-esteem.\nB) a strong id.\nC) a high level of anxiety.\nD) a strong superego.\nE) high levels of self-consciousness.\nF) an external locus of control.\nG) an inferiority complex.\nH) a low level of self-awareness.\nI) low self-efficacy.\nJ) an internal locus of control.", "answer": "J", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which statement is NOT true of a crisis management team?\n\nChoices:\nA) All members should be trained in media relations.\nB) A member of senior management should be included in the team.\nC) A lawyer should be included in the team.\nD) All members should be trained in group decision making.", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Foucault's term 'biopolitics' refers to:\n\nChoices:\nA) forms of power over the body, such as physical training, as a means of disciplining the mind\nB) forms of knowledge such as demographic statistics, which allow us to map and measure populations\nC) public health measures, such as improved sanitation and freshwater schemes\nD) intervention by the state to regulate sexual behaviouranswerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA point pole has a strength of 4π * 10^-4 weber. The force in newtons on a point pole of 4π * 1.5 * 10^-4 weber placed at a distance of 10 cm from it will be\n\nChoices:\nA) 25 N.\nB) 12.5 N.\nC) 15 N.\nD) 10 N.\nE) 7.5 N.\nF) 20 N.\nG) 5 N.\nH) 3.75 N.\nI) N/A\nJ) N/AanswerCsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptThis question refers to the following information.\nRead the the following petition to answer questions.\nThe Scribbling-Machines have thrown thousands of your petitioners out of employ, whereby they are brought into great distress, and are not able to procure a maintenance for their families, and deprived them of the opportunity of bringing up their children to labour. … The number of Scribbling-Machines extending about seventeen miles south-west of Leeds exceed all belief, being no less than one hundred and seventy! And as each machine will do as much work in twelve hours, as ten men can in that time do by hand, … [And, as the machines do] as much work in one day as would otherwise employ twenty men, … [a] full four thousand men are left to shift for a living how they can, and must of course fall to the Parish, if not timely relieved. … How are those men, thus thrown out of employ to provide for their families; and what are they to put their children apprentice to, that the rising generation may have something to keep them at work, in order that they may not be like vagabonds strolling about in idleness? … Many more evils we could enumerate, but we would hope, that the sensible part of mankind, who are not biased by interest, must see the dreadful tendency of their continuance; a depopulation must be the consequence; trade being then lost, the landed interest will have no other satisfaction but that of being last devoured.\nLeeds Woolen Workers Petition, 1786\nThe authors of this document made which of the following assumptions?\n\nChoices:\nA) The introduction of machines did not increase economic productivity.\nB) The economic well-being of the city and region was tied to its inhabitants having employment.\nC) Having large families was economically advantageous.\nD) The working class was lazy and tended toward idleness.answerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| prompt According to Walzer, \ because\n\nChoices:\nA) the absence of political support implies that the terrorists do not represent the weak.\nB) terrorism can never be the only available strategy.\nC) evils, by definition, cannot be excused.\nD) none of the aboveanswerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptA viral infectious disease has broken out in your city, and you are tasked with creating a molecular diagnostic kit for rapid detection of this retrovirus. Which strategy would you use to design the kit?\n\nChoices:\nA. First you identify the IgG antibodies for the infection. You then develop an ELISA kit targeting IgG antibodies for quick \n and accurate diagnosis.\nB. First you identify the virus by performing cDNA sequencing. You then develop a real time PCR kit for quick and accurate diagnosis.\nC. First you identify the virus using the information about the symptoms, provided by the affected patients. You then design a nested PCR kit based on the information for quick diagnosis.\nD. First you identify the virus by performing DNA sequencing. You then develop a PCR kit for quick and accurate diagnosisanswerBsourcecoursen_options |
| promptAn owner of a pharmaceutical company manufactures aspirin tablets that it sells in interstate commerce. A woman purchased a bottle of the owner's aspirin from a drugstore. Shortly after taking two of the aspirin tablets, the woman became extremely ill and began having convulsions. She was rushed to the hospital, where it was determined that the aspirin tablets contained strychnine, a poisonous chemical. The owner of the pharmaceutical company is subsequently charged with violating a federal statute that makes it a misdemeanor to transport impure drugs in interstate commerce. The owner should be found\n\nChoices:\nA) guilty, only if he had the authority and responsibility for packaging the aspirin tablets. \nB) guilty, only if he knew or should have known that the aspirin tablets were poisonous. \nC) guilty, only if he personally supervised the packaging of the aspirin tablets. \nD) guilty, only if he knew that other customers had purchased poisonous aspirin tablets in the past. ", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:\n\nChoices:\nA) philosophy assumes that it is possible and meaningful to reason about the world and experience.\nB) the myths of philosophy are really lies that are told to make so-called philosophic enquiries sound more respectable.\nC) philosophy is based on logic, whereas myths are not based on logic.\nD) mythos refers to the philosophic understanding of the world, whereas logos refers to the philosophic understanding of our experience of the world.", "answer": "A", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is considered an acid anhydride?\n\nChoices:\nA) H2SO3\nB) NaCl\nC) CH4\nD) HNO3\nE) SO2\nF) Al(NO3)3\nG) CaCO3\nH) H2O\nI) HCl\nJ) N/A", "answer": "E", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "_______ is the direct attempt to formally or informally manage ethical issues or problems, through specific policies, practices and programmes.\n\nChoices:\nA) Operational management\nB) Corporate governance\nC) Environmental management\nD) Business ethics management\nE) Sustainability\nF) Stakeholder management\nG) Social marketing\nH) Human resource management\nI) N/A\nJ) N/A", "answer": "D", "source": "mmlu_pro_val", "n_options": 10} |
| {"prompt": "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?\n\nChoices:\nA) Germany\nB) Israel\nC) Palestine\nD) Romania", "answer": "C", "source": "mmlu_val", "n_options": 4} |
| {"prompt": "What is 'material breach' of the treaty?\n\nChoices:\nA) 'Material breach' is a ground for the invalidation of a treaty\nB) 'Material breach' is the repudiation or a significant violation of the treaty and serves as a ground for the unilateral termination of the treaty\nC) 'Material breach' is an insignificant violation of a treaty\nD) Material breach' is a significant violation of the treaty which can never lead to the termination of the treatyanswerBsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| prompt______, ________ and _______ are all factors which can impinge upon stakeholder communication and collaboration.\n\nChoices:\nA) Resource intensity, Culture clash, Accountability\nB) Resource clash, Culture intensity, Accountability\nC) Resource intensity, Culture clash, Coordinative fluidity\nD) Resource clash, Culture clash, Coordinative fluidityanswerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptHow many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\n\nChoices:\nA) 1\nB) Unlimited attempts\nC) 5\nD) 0, always pass on to a senior colleague\nE) 7\nF) 2\nG) 4\nH) 6\nI) 3\nJ) 8answerFsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhat is the approximate mean cranial capacity of Homo erectus?\n\nChoices:\nA) 1200 cc\nB) under 650 cc\nC) 1700 cc\nD) 1350 cc\nE) just under 1000 cc\nF) 1500 cc\nG) under 500 cc\nH) about 800 cc\nI) just over 1100 cc\nJ) about 900 ccanswerEsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptA microwave oven is connected to an outlet, 120 V, and draws a current of 2 amps. At what rate is energy being used by the microwave oven?\n\nChoices:\nA) 240 W\nB) 120 W\nC) 10 W\nD) 480 W\nE) 360 W\nF) 200 W\nG) 30 W\nH) 150 W\nI) 60 W\nJ) 300 WanswerAsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptWhich of the following sets of reactions occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast in plant cells?\n\nChoices:\nA) Calvin cycle\nB) Krebs cycle\nC) Fermentation\nD) DecarboxylationanswerAsourcemmlu_valn_options |
| promptThis question refers to the following information.\nThe following excerpt is from a pamphlet.\nYou will do me the justice to remember, that I have always strenuously supported the Right of every man to his own opinion, however different that opinion might be to mine. He who denies to another this right, makes a slave of himself to his present opinion, because he precludes himself the right of changing it.\nThe most formidable weapon against errors of every kind is Reason. I have never used any other, and I trust I never shall.\nThe circumstance that has now taken place in France of the total abolition of the whole national order of priesthood, and of everything appertaining to compulsive systems of religion, and compulsive articles of faith, has not only precipitated my intention, but rendered a work of this kind exceedingly necessary, lest in the general wreck of superstition, of false systems of government, and false theology, we lose sight of morality, of humanity, and of the theology that is true.\nI believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life.\nI believe in the equality of man; and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy.\nI do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of. My own mind is my own church.\nAll national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit.\nI do not mean by this declaration to condemn those who believe otherwise; they have the same right to their belief as I have to mine.\n—Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason, 1794–1795\nWhich of the following Enlightenment philosophes designed a system of checks and balances for government to avoid abuses of power?\n\nChoices:\nA) Thomas Hobbes\nB) Jean Jacques Rousseau\nC) Baron Montesquieu\nD) Voltaire\nE) Denis Diderot\nF) Immanuel Kant\nG) David Hume\nH) Mary Wollstonecraft\nI) Adam Smith\nJ) John LockeanswerCsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n\nChoices:\nA) The second amendment - the right to bear arms.\nB) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\nC) The tenth amendment - powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution.\nD) The first amendment - freedom of speech.\nE) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\nF) The commerce clause.\nG) The sixth amendment - right to a fair trial.\nH) The eighth amendment - prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.\nI) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\nJ) N/AanswerFsourcemmlu_pro_valn_options |
| promptThis question refers to the following information.\n\It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government.\, : , : , : 4} |
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