---
language:
- en
license: other # Usage restricted under Kaggle & EyePACS terms, not standard open license
tags:
- medical
- ophthalmology
- fundus-image
- image-classification
- diabetic-retinopathy
- dr-grading
- large-scale-dataset
task_categories:
- image-classification
task_ids:
- multi-class-image-classification # 5 severity grades (0-4)
pretty_name: EyePACS (Diabetic Retinopathy Fundus Image Dataset)
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K # ~88,702 images total
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
source_datasets:
- original
source_data_urls:
- https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection/data
- https://www.eyepacs.com/data-analysis
---

# EyePACS — Diabetic Retinopathy Fundus Image Dataset

<table align="center">
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" align="center">
            <img src="rm_images/Merged_Fundus_Images_with_Caption.jpg" alt="Merged Dataset Samples" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
            <br>
            <p><strong>Image:</strong> EYEPACS Preprocess Samples.</p>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

---

## 📘 Overview
**EyePACS** (Eye Picture Archive Communication System) is a large-scale collection of **retinal fundus images** used for **automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection**.  
It formed the basis of the **Kaggle Diabetic Retinopathy Detection** challenge, enabling research into DR classification and screening.

The dataset includes **macula-centered color fundus images** from real-world clinical screenings under varied imaging conditions.

---

## 📊 Dataset Summary

| Field | Details |
|--------|----------|
| **Task** | Diabetic retinopathy classification (5 severity grades) |
| **Description** | High-resolution color fundus photographs from EyePACS DR screening program. Each image labeled by ophthalmologists using the ICDR scale. |
| **Size** | ~88,702 images total (≈35k labeled for training, ≈53k unlabeled for testing) |
| **Classes** | 0 = No DR, 1 = Mild, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Severe, 4 = Proliferative DR |
| **Image Type** | Macula-centered color fundus photos (640×480 to 5184×3456 px) |
| **Source** | EyePACS (USA) via Kaggle Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Challenge (2015) |
| **Access** | [Kaggle Dataset](https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection/data) |
| **License** | Usage restricted under Kaggle & EyePACS terms |

---

## 🧱 Dataset Structure

```test
eyepacs/
├── images/
│ ├── train/
│ │ ├── 00001_left.jpg
│ │ ├── 00001_right.jpg
│ └── test/
├── labels.csv # image_id, eye(L/R), dr_grade (0–4)
├── README.md
└── LICENSE.txt
```

---

## 🧩 Label Details
- Labels follow the **International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR)** grading system.  
- **Class imbalance** is significant — most images show no DR.  
- Labels were assigned by certified ophthalmologists; minor label noise may exist.  

---

## ⚙️ Preprocessing Recommendations
- Crop to the circular fundus region and remove borders  
- Resize to consistent resolution (e.g. 1024×1024)  
- Normalize illumination and contrast  
- Exclude blurred or ungradable images  

---

## 💡 Research Applications
- DR detection and severity classification  
- Automated retinal screening systems  
- Transfer learning and robustness testing across imaging conditions  
- Comparative studies with datasets like MESSIDOR, DDR, and APTOS  

---

## ⚠️ Notes & Limitations
- Significant **class imbalance** (majority = No DR)  
- Variations in **camera type, exposure, and focus**  
- Some **label noise** and **ungradable images** present  
- Redistribution may be **restricted** — verify Kaggle/EyePACS terms before publishing images  

---

## 📄 Citation
If you use the dataset, cite:

> Kaggle and EyePACS. *“Diabetic Retinopathy Detection.”* Kaggle Competition, 2015.  
> [https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection](https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection)

---

## 🔗 References
- EyePACS Official Data Page — [https://www.eyepacs.com/data-analysis](https://www.eyepacs.com/data-analysis)  
- Kaggle: *Diabetic Retinopathy Detection* — [https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection](https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection)  
- Research overview: *Transfer Learning Based Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy on the Kaggle EyePACS Dataset*, ResearchGate, 2021.  

---