cyang33/LingGym · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Question 0:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): ___ albaja=ahaj tɔ-lɔ a lɪhɛ
Gloss (with missing item): ___ youth=Pl 3P+PFV-go at bush
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Yesterday the youths went to the bush.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The first element in the clause can be a temporal noun phrase (\ref{ex:10:1}).
A: word: apazaŋ gloss: yesterday
B: word: ɛgɪnɛ gloss: today
C: word: mɛj gloss: how?
D: word: azana gloss: maybe
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A

Question 1:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): ___ à-həm-aj
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S+PFV-run-CL
The English translation of this sentence is:‘Hawa ran.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject is expressed by the subject pronominal on the verb (\sectref{sec:7.3.1}). A coreferential noun phrase can be present for discourse functions (\ref{ex:10:2} and \ref{ex:10:3}). The coreferential noun phrase precedes the verb.
A: word: hawa gloss: Hawa
B: word: ana gloss: DAT
C: word: alma gloss: what
D: word: awak=ahaj gloss: goat=Pl
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: A

Question 2:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): ___ n\'{ɔ}-zɔm na
Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S+PFV-eat 3S.DO
The English translation of this sentence is:‘I myself ate it.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject is expressed by the subject pronominal on the verb (\sectref{sec:7.3.1}). A coreferential noun phrase can be present for discourse functions (\ref{ex:10:2} and \ref{ex:10:3}). The coreferential noun phrase precedes the verb.
A: word: maj gloss: what
B: word: ɛlɛ=ahaŋ gloss: thing=3S.POSS
C: word: mɪ-mbɪɗ-ɛ=ahaŋ gloss: NOM-remain-CL=3S.POSS
D: word: nɛ=ahaŋ gloss: oneS=3S.POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D

Question 3:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): [babəza=ahaj nɪndijɛ] ___ bahaj]
Gloss (with missing item): children=Pl DEM ___ chief
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The children here belong to the chief.’ / ‘The children here[are] belonging to the chief.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate nominal (\ref{ex:10:10}--\ref{ex:10:12}), predicate adjective \REF{ex:10:13}, and predicate possessive (\ref{ex:10:14} and \ref{ex:10:15}) clauses lack any verb and consist of a juxtaposition of two noun phrases, in an order shown in \figref{fig:17}.
A: word: aŋga=uwla gloss: POSS=oneS.POSS
B: word: ɛtɛ gloss: please
C: word: aŋga gloss: POSS
D: word: mɪ-nʒ-ijɛ gloss: NOM-sit-CL
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: C

Question 4:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): [dəraj ga] ___ lɪmɛ]
Gloss (with missing item): head ADJ ___ 1PEX
The English translation of this sentence is:‘The head belonged to us.’/ ‘The head [was] belonging to us.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate nominal (\ref{ex:10:10}--\ref{ex:10:12}), predicate adjective \REF{ex:10:13}, and predicate possessive (\ref{ex:10:14} and \ref{ex:10:15}) clauses lack any verb and consist of a juxtaposition of two noun phrases, in an order shown in \figref{fig:17}.
A: word: haj=va gloss: millet=PRF
B: word: aŋga=uwla gloss: POSS=oneS.POSS
C: word: kaj gloss: interj.
D: word: aŋga gloss: POSS
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D

Question 5:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): [à-l=ala ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3S+PFV-go=to ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘He/she didn’t come.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The all-purpose negative is the particle bay, which follows the verb phrase and occurs (\ref{ex:10:19}--\ref{ex:10:21}) before any interrogative word (see \sectref{sec:10.3}). In the examples in this section, the negative is bolded and the negation construction is in square brackets.
A: word: ɗaw gloss: {Q
B: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG
C: word: dər=aka=ala gloss: move[twoS.IMP]=on=to
D: word: baj gloss: NEG
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: D

Question 6:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): [táá-ɮəg=alaj avʊlɔ ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3P+POT-throw=away above ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They should not throw it too high.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The all-purpose negative is the particle bay, which follows the verb phrase and occurs (\ref{ex:10:19}--\ref{ex:10:21}) before any interrogative word (see \sectref{sec:10.3}). In the examples in this section, the negative is bolded and the negation construction is in square brackets.
A: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG
B: word: baj gloss: NEG
C: word: a-dz=aŋ gloss: 3S-speak=3S.IO
D: word: alma gloss: what
Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.
Correct Answer: B

Question 7:
You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.
Sentence (with missing item): [ta-g=aw ɛlɛ lala ___
Gloss (with missing item): 3P-do=oneS.IO thing good ___
The English translation of this sentence is:‘They do bad things to me.’ / ‘They don’t do good things to me.’
Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:10:22}--\ref{ex:10:24}) the negative is clause-final and may have sematic scope over the entire proposition (c.f. constituent negation, \sectref{sec:10.2.3}). See especially \REF{ex:10:23} where it is clear that the entire proposition is being negated, and not just the information within the constituent closest to the negative. The meaning is ‘don’t insult a small person.’ If the information in only one constituent was being negated, the meaning would have been ‘insult a person who is not small.’
A: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG
B: word: alma gloss: what
C: word: l-ɔm gloss: go[IMP]-twoP

Question 0:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): ___ albaja=ahaj tɔ-lɔ a lɪhɛ

Gloss (with missing item): ___ youth=Pl 3P+PFV-go at bush

The English translation of this sentence is:‘Yesterday the youths went to the bush.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The first element in the clause can be a temporal noun phrase (\ref{ex:10:1}).

A: word: apazaŋ gloss: yesterday

B: word: ɛgɪnɛ gloss: today

C: word: mɛj gloss: how?

D: word: azana gloss: maybe

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: A

Question 1:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): ___ à-həm-aj

Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S+PFV-run-CL

The English translation of this sentence is:‘Hawa ran.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject is expressed by the subject pronominal on the verb (\sectref{sec:7.3.1}). A coreferential noun phrase can be present for discourse functions (\ref{ex:10:2} and \ref{ex:10:3}). The coreferential noun phrase precedes the verb.

A: word: hawa gloss: Hawa

B: word: ana gloss: DAT

C: word: alma gloss: what

D: word: awak=ahaj gloss: goat=Pl

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: A

Question 2:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): ___ n\'{ɔ}-zɔm na

Gloss (with missing item): ___ 3S+PFV-eat 3S.DO

The English translation of this sentence is:‘I myself ate it.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The subject is expressed by the subject pronominal on the verb (\sectref{sec:7.3.1}). A coreferential noun phrase can be present for discourse functions (\ref{ex:10:2} and \ref{ex:10:3}). The coreferential noun phrase precedes the verb.

A: word: maj gloss: what

B: word: ɛlɛ=ahaŋ gloss: thing=3S.POSS

C: word: mɪ-mbɪɗ-ɛ=ahaŋ gloss: NOM-remain-CL=3S.POSS

D: word: nɛ=ahaŋ gloss: oneS=3S.POSS

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: D

Question 3:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): [babəza=ahaj nɪndijɛ] ___ bahaj]

Gloss (with missing item): children=Pl DEM ___ chief

The English translation of this sentence is:‘The children here belong to the chief.’ / ‘The children here[are] belonging to the chief.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate nominal (\ref{ex:10:10}--\ref{ex:10:12}), predicate adjective \REF{ex:10:13}, and predicate possessive (\ref{ex:10:14} and \ref{ex:10:15}) clauses lack any verb and consist of a juxtaposition of two noun phrases, in an order shown in \figref{fig:17}.

A: word: aŋga=uwla gloss: POSS=oneS.POSS

B: word: ɛtɛ gloss: please

C: word: aŋga gloss: POSS

D: word: mɪ-nʒ-ijɛ gloss: NOM-sit-CL

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: C

Question 4:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): [dəraj ga] ___ lɪmɛ]

Gloss (with missing item): head ADJ ___ 1PEX

The English translation of this sentence is:‘The head belonged to us.’/ ‘The head [was] belonging to us.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: Predicate nominal (\ref{ex:10:10}--\ref{ex:10:12}), predicate adjective \REF{ex:10:13}, and predicate possessive (\ref{ex:10:14} and \ref{ex:10:15}) clauses lack any verb and consist of a juxtaposition of two noun phrases, in an order shown in \figref{fig:17}.

A: word: haj=va gloss: millet=PRF

B: word: aŋga=uwla gloss: POSS=oneS.POSS

C: word: kaj gloss: interj.

D: word: aŋga gloss: POSS

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: D

Question 5:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): [à-l=ala ___

Gloss (with missing item): 3S+PFV-go=to ___

The English translation of this sentence is:‘He/she didn’t come.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The all-purpose negative is the particle bay, which follows the verb phrase and occurs (\ref{ex:10:19}--\ref{ex:10:21}) before any interrogative word (see \sectref{sec:10.3}). In the examples in this section, the negative is bolded and the negation construction is in square brackets.

A: word: ɗaw gloss: {Q

B: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG

C: word: dər=aka=ala gloss: move[twoS.IMP]=on=to

D: word: baj gloss: NEG

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: D

Question 6:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): [táá-ɮəg=alaj avʊlɔ ___

Gloss (with missing item): 3P+POT-throw=away above ___

The English translation of this sentence is:‘They should not throw it too high.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: The all-purpose negative is the particle bay, which follows the verb phrase and occurs (\ref{ex:10:19}--\ref{ex:10:21}) before any interrogative word (see \sectref{sec:10.3}). In the examples in this section, the negative is bolded and the negation construction is in square brackets.

A: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG

B: word: baj gloss: NEG

C: word: a-dz=aŋ gloss: 3S-speak=3S.IO

D: word: alma gloss: what

Please only return the letter (A–D). Do not say anything else.

Correct Answer: B

Question 7:

You are a linguist specializing in Moloko. You are given a sentence along with its morpheme breakdown, gloss, and translation. Words are separated by spaces, and morphemes are separated by hyphens. However, a word and its gloss are missing and represented by an underscore. Based on your understanding, please choose the most appropriate option.

Sentence (with missing item): [ta-g=aw ɛlɛ lala ___

Gloss (with missing item): 3P-do=oneS.IO thing good ___

The English translation of this sentence is:‘They do bad things to me.’ / ‘They don’t do good things to me.’

Here is a relevant knowledge point for this example, with the related morphemes and glosses masked: In (\ref{ex:10:22}--\ref{ex:10:24}) the negative is clause-final and may have sematic scope over the entire proposition (c.f. constituent negation, \sectref{sec:10.2.3}). See especially \REF{ex:10:23} where it is clear that the entire proposition is being negated, and not just the information within the constituent closest to the negative. The meaning is ‘don’t insult a small person.’ If the information in only one constituent was being negated, the meaning would have been ‘insult a person who is not small.’

A: word: asa-baj gloss: again-NEG

B: word: alma gloss: what

C: word: l-ɔm gloss: go[IMP]-twoP